(Lecture-27,28) Pak. Relation With India and China (Week-14.)

Pakistan Relations with Neighbor Countries
Lecture:27,28
Pakistan Relations with India:

The relations between Pakistan and India have been subject to many strains
by numerous political dilemmas in history and currently as well, they include
the Partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir dispute and the many
military conflicts which have been fought between the two states. These two
states of South Asia share historic, cultural, geographic and economic links
but their relationship has been filled with hostility and doubt.
During the times of Independence Jinnah and Gandhi had overheated

discussions, moreover around five hundred thousand Muslims and Hindus
were murdered in riots following the partition. Millions of Muslims living in
India and Hindus and Sikhs living in Pakistan emigrated, it was a massive
transmissions of population till today. Both states accused the other of not
providing enough security to the minorities that war emigrating, this
increased hostility amongst the two new nations.
In terms with the British Plan for Partition, all the princely states had the right
to decide which country to join. With an exception of a few, most of the
Muslim-majority princely state joined Pakistan, and most of Hindu-majority
princely state joined India. But, the decisions of one of the Princely state
would shape the relationship between the two countries in the future that lay
ahead.
Over all with the British Raj leaving in 1947, two sovereign states were born,
the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. This partition from the
British displaced around 12.5 million people and there were many losses to
Compiled by: Sy. Rukhsar Shah, Department of Electrical Engineering, FET

Lecture:27,28
lives some say a hundred thousand while others say a million. Pakistan was
established as an Islamic republic and India became a secular nation.
After this Independence, India and Pakistan had formed diplomatic relations
but the effects of the fierce partition and territorial conflicts kind of
suppressed the diplomatic relationship. Since Partition the two countries have
fought three wars with each other, one war was undeclared, they also have
been involved in various armed skirmishes and military standstills. Besides
the Indo-Pakistan War in 1971 which resulted in the creation of Bangladesh,
the conflict with Kashmir has been central to all these wars and issues
between the two states.
Steps have been taken many at times to better the relations between the two
neighbors these include the Agra Summit, Shimla Summit and the Lahore
Summit. After 1980 there was hostility between the two nations mainly
because of the Siachen conflict, the worsening of the Kashmir insurgency in
1989, the nuclear tests of India and Pakistan in 1998 and in 1999 the Kargil
War. Other confidence building measures such as the 2003 ceasefire and the
Delhi Lahore Bus service were victorious in improving relations. However the
terrorist attacks that occur have ruined such efforts. The attack on the Indian
Parliament in 2001 almost started a nuclear war between the two states. The
bombings in 2007 of the Samjhauta express in which 68 people were killed
who were mostly Pakistanis, accompanied by the 2008 Mumbai attacks
carried out by Pakistani militants served as knife to the bond of the two
nations. These events have soured the peace talks immensely.

Lecture:27,28
Discuss the Relations between Pakistan & China.
Pakistan and China are neighboring countries. They have common boundary of about 600 km
long. Their bilateral relations depend upon the glorious traditions and close friendship. Pakistan
recognized China on its birth in October 1949 and developed good relationship with it.
1. Start of Pak China Friendship

The Prime Minister of the both countries met in Bandung Conference in 1955, and after that the
series of visits continued up till now. The heads of governments and states of both countries
have made many visits.
2. Settlement of Boundaries
In 1961, the efforts to resolve the boundary issue were started and it was completed in 1963.
Which strengthened the good relationship, and trade pact was signed by them. Pakistan Air Line
started its flights to Beijing in early sixties.
3. Support at Indo-Pak Wars

The President of Pakistan visited China in February 1964, and China supported the claim of
Pakistan to solve Kashmir issue peacefully. In the Indo-Pak war of 1965 China supported
Pakistan and provided arms.
4. Economic & Technical Aid

China gave economic and technical aid to Pakistan is establishing industries, which included
Texila Industrial Complex and its affiliated plans, setting up the heavy tools factory at Landhi and
Sports Complex at Islamabad.
5. Construction of Silk Route

The Silk-route of Karakaram was completed in 1969 that connected Pakistan with China by road.
It helped in frequent exchange of delegations and establishment of close relationship. The air
contact was also established between both the countries.
6. Defense Pacts
Many defense pacts were concluded between Pakistan and China in 1985, according to which
China provided economic and technical assistance in building the Kamra Complex and Ordinance
Factory at Wah. Likewise China provided the assistance of Rs. 273 million for setting up Heavy
Electric Complex in NWFP.
Support to China
Pakistan also sided, China and supported it for its permanent membership of Security Council of
United Nations. Pakistan played an important role in establishing the close relations of United
States with China. Pakistan supported China on the issue of the presence of foreign troops in

Lecture:27,28
Kampochia, and China supported Pakistan on the issue of the Russian intervention in
Afghanistan.

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Pakistan Relations with Neighbor Countries

Pakistan Relations with India:

During the times of Independence Jinnah and Gandhi had overheated

Compiled by: Sy. Rukhsar Shah, Department of Electrical Engineering, FET

Compiled by: Sy. Rukhsar Shah, Department of Electrical Engineering, FET

1. Start of Pak China Friendship

3. Support at Indo-Pak Wars

4. Economic & Technical Aid

5. Construction of Silk Route

Compiled by: Sy. Rukhsar Shah, Department of Electrical Engineering, FET

Compiled by: Sy. Rukhsar Shah, Department of Electrical Engineering, FET

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