INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AS SIGN MENT-1 PERIODIC PROPERTIES

Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 A Q.4 C Q.5 B Q.6 C Q.7 C

Q.8 B Q.9 B Q.10 B Q.11 C Q.12 C Q.13 C Q.14 C
Q.15 C Q.16 B Q.17 A Q.18 A Q.19 C Q.20 C Q.21 A
Q.22 B Q.23 B Q.24 C Q.25 C Q.26 B Q.27 D Q.28 D
Q.29 C Q.30 D Q.31 C Q.32 D Q.33 D Q.34 B Q.35 C
Q.36 D Q.37 C Q.38 C Q.39 B Q.40 C Q.41 A Q.42 C
Q.43 A,C Q.44 A,B,D Q.45 A,D Q.46 A,B Q.47 A,B,C Q.48 A,B
Q.49 A,B,C,D Q.50 A,C,D Q.51 B,D Q.52 A,B,C
Q.53 A,C,D Q.54 A,C,D Q.55 A,C
Q.56 (A) R, (B) R, (C) Q, (D) S Q.57 (A) Q,R; (B) P,S; (C) S; (D) Q,R
Q.58 (A) Q (B) P,Q,R (C) P (D) R,S Q.59 (A) Q,R (B) R (C) P (D) S
Q.60 (A) P,Q,R (B) R,S (C) Q,R (D) P,Q
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AS SIGN MENT-2 PERIODIC PROPERTIES

PART - I
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (A)
16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (B) 25. (B)
26. (A,B,C,D) 27. (A,C) 28. (A,D)

PART - II
1. s-block : 19, 38 ; p-block : 31, 54 ; d-block : 25, 42, 105 ; f-block : 64.

2. Typical elements ; third period.

Ex. : Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S Cl
3. 47
4. More than f-electron and less than p-electron.
Order is : s > p > d > f

5. (i) N3– < P3–< As3– (ii) Cr  Mn  Fe (iii) Cu < Zn

6. Due to the extra stable half filled p-orbitals of nitrogen, Ist ionisation enthalpy is higher than oxygen. After removal
of one electron, oxygen becomes half filled and second ionisation energy of oxygen becomes more as compared
to nitrogen.

7. IE1 IE2
kJmol–1 kJmol–1
Cu 744 1961
Zn 906 1736
IE1 of copper is less than that of zinc, because removal of electron takes place from 4s1 (attaining a more stable
configuration 3d10) whereas in case of zinc, it is from completely filled 4s2.
IE2 of copper is higher than zinc, because the removal of IInd electron from stable configuration (d10) requires
greater energy.

8. Group B elements have higher ionisation enthalpies due to the poor shielding of nuclear charge by the inner d-
electrons. So, they have lesser tendency to lose electrons and are thus more stable.
9. Na+ ion is smaller than Ne and Na+ has higher nuclear charge than Ne. Thus more energy will be required to
knock out the electron from Na+.
10. (a) C > Si > Ge > Sn < Pb (b) B > Al < Ga < In < Tl
11. Atom A
12. 3.34%
13. 6s subshell
14. Ge2+> Sn2+> Pb2+.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AS SIGN MENT-3 PERIODIC PROPERTIES

1.1 (C)
(II) The d-block elements have general electronic configuration [noble gas] (n – 1)d1 - 10 ns1- 2. It is configuration
of copper which belongs to d-block and group number 11th.
(IV) This is the configuration of F (electronegativity = 4.0) which belongs to p-block and group number 17th.

1.2 (D)
As 'q' is noble gas, p, r and s having atomic number Z-1, Z+1 and Z+2 should belong to halogen, alkali metal
and alkaline earth metal respectively.
As halogen has one electron less than stable noble gas configuration it has greater tendency to accept an
additional electron forming anion. Alkaline earth metal having valence shell configuration ns2 exists in +2
oxidation state.

1.3_ (C)
(A) Across the period, size decreases as electrons are added in the same shell and nuclear charge increases
by one unit for addition of each successive element.
In contrary, the ionization energy increases as size of atom decreases and nuclear charge increases.
(B) rmetallic > rcovalent (covalent bond formation involves the overlapping of orbitals).
(C) – 2 2
3Li - 1s 2s completely filled stable configuration, so more stable.
– 2 2 1
4Be - 1s 2s 2p
– 2 2 2
5B - 1s 2s 2p
– 2 2 3
6C - 1s 2s 2p half filled stable configuration, so more stable.
(D) Due to lanthanide contraction.

1.4 (C)
(1) Down the group size increases and therefore, ionization energies decrease. Hence the order is correct.
(2) Cation is smaller but anion is bigger than its parent atom. As charge on cation increases the ionic radius
1
decreases. Similarly as charge on anion increases the ionic radius increases. IE  .
atomic / ionic radius
Hence the order is correct.
(3) N has stable half filled configuration thus has higher ionization energy than O. Hence the order is correct.
(4) The correct order is Mg > Al < Si. Mg (ns2) has higher ionization energy than Al (ns2 np1) because s-sub
shell electrons have higher penetration power than that of p-sub shell electrons. Further across the period
size decreases and nuclear charge increases and therefore, ionization energy increases.
1.5_ (C)
Al and Ga have nearly same ionisation energies on account of d-contraction in Ga.
Element : Al Ga Si Ge P As S Se
–1
I.E.(i) in kJ mole : 577 579 786 761 1021 947 1000 941

1.6_ (B)
As value of ‘n’ i.e. principal quantum number increases, the size of atom increases and the distance between
valence electrons and nucleus increases. As a result, the attraction between the valence electrons and
nucleus decreases. This fascilitates the easier removal of valence electrons.

1.7 (D)
Due to small size of F atom, the electron-electron repulsions in compact 2-p sub shell are large and hence
the incoming electron is not accepted with the same ease as is the case with Cl (less electron - electron
repulsions)

1.8_ (B)
Ionisation potential and effective nuclear charge increase in a period from left to right. In a period the values
of electron gain enthalpy (negative) do not increase regularly.
1.9 (A)
As non-metallic character of element attached to oxygen atom increases, the difference between the
electronegativity values of element and oxygen decreases and the acid character of oxides increases and
vice-versa.

1.10 (D)
(A) As electronegativity increases the non-metallic character increases as tendency to form anion increases.
(B) It is based on their SRP values. (Oxidising power may be cumulative effect of hydration energies,
electronegativities, bond dissociation energies and electron gain enthalpies).
(C) It depends on various factors like size of atom, nuclear charge, partially filled, half filled and completely
filled electronic configurations.
1.11 (B)
Oxidaton state  eletronegativity..
Electronegativity increases with increase in oxidation state; so the difference in electronegativity decreases
(between element and oxygen) and acidic character increases.
1.12 (A)
S1 : Metal comprises more than 78% of all known elements.
S2 : Selenium is not a semi-metal.
S3 : As ionization energies decrease the metallic character increases.
1.13 (B)
S3 : The size of the isoelectronic species is not effected by electron-electron inter action in the outer orbitals
but is effected by the nuclear charge.
S1 , S2 and S4 are correct statements.

1.14 (A)
S1 : Long form of periodic table does not help at all in predicting the oxidation state of elements, additional
information regarding the number of unpaired electrons is also required.
S2 : rmetallic > rcovalent, In covalent bond formation some part of the combining orbitals become common due
to overlapping.
S3 : is correct statement as argon has completely filled outer shell and in the formation of Se2– there is
electrostatic repulsions between Se– anion and incoming electron (due to same charge).

1.15 (C)
S1 : Na2O2 < MgO < ZnO < P4O10 : as non-metallic character increases the acidic character increases. MgO,
Na2O are basic, ZnO amphoteric and P4O10 acidic.
S2 : Na < Si > Al < Mg : Mg has higher than Na due to small size and higher nuclear charge. Mg has higher
than Al because of ns2 configuration (has extra stability and high electron penetration power of s-subshell
electrons) and Si has higher than Al because of higher nuclear charge and small size. IE1 : Na = 496,
Al = 577, Mg = 737 and Si = 786 kJ/mole
S3 : There is more interelectronic repulsion in 2p-subshell of fluorine than chlorine (3p). So extra electron will
be added easily in 3p-subshell of chlorine as compared to 2p-subshell of fluorine. Down the group electron
affinity values generally decreases with increasing atomic number due to increase in atomic size. So
Cl > F > Br.
1.16 (A,B,C,D)
Species having same number of electrons are called isoelectronic specis.

1.17 (C,D)
Generally the electron affinity values of 3rd period elements are higher than the elements of 2nd period of the
same group because of less interelectronic repulsions. Atomic size, nuclear charge and electrons
configurations also affect the electron affinity.
Electron gain enthalpies in kJ mol–1 are :
C = – 121; Si = - 134 ; P = – 74 ; N  O ; O = – 142 ; F = – 328
1.18 (B,D)
(B) Addition of second electron to O– is opposed by electrostatic repulsion due to same charge. Hence
energy is given for the addition of second electron.
(D) Ar has stable electronic confiugration (ns2 np6). Hence energy has to be given to add an extra electron to
form Ar –
1.19 (A,B,C,D)
(A) As screening effect increases, effective nuclear charge decreases and thus valence shell electron is
loosely bound. Hence ionization energy decreases.
(B) Be and Mg have ns2 configuration (stable configuration).
(C) Due to lanthanide contraction.
(D) rmetallic > rcovalent (covalent bond formation involves the overlapping of orbitals).

1.20 (A,B,C,D)
(A) Oxygen atom is smaller as compared to sulphur; so in oxygen there is more inter-electronic repulsion
than that of sulphur.
(B) Charge increases so size decrease and number of electrons per proton also decreases; so valence shell
electron gradually becomes more tightly held by the nucleus.
(C) Valance shell electron configuration of As is ns2np3 (half filled stable configuration) and valence shell
electron configuration of Se is ns2np4 (partially filled less stable configuration).
As = 0.947 MJ/mole; Se = 0.941 MJ/mole.
(D) Down the group atomic size increases. Fluorine experiences more inter electronic repulsion than that of
chlorine; so fluorine has less electron affinity than that of chlorin.
1.21 (A)
The number of elements in a period is equal to the number of electrons that can be accomodated in available
orbitals that are being filled for the given n.

1.22 (A)

1.23 (C)
Be has completely filled stable 2s2 orbital and thus Be has higher ionisation energy than B. 2s orbital has
less energy than 2p orbital.

1.24 (D)
Statement-1 is false. Electrons configuration 16S2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 and 15P2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1.
Sulphur has higher nuclear charge and smaller size than that of phosphorus so IE3 of S > P.
IE3 (P) = 2, 912 kJ/mol ; (S) = 3, 361 kJ/mol.
Statement-2 is true statement.

1.25 (A)
Both statements are true and Statement-2 is the true explanation of the Statement-1. The magnitude of an
element’s electron affinity depends on the element’s valence shell electrons configuration.
25
Mn = [Ar]18 3d5 4s2 configuration ,
24
Cr = [Ar]18 3d5 4s1 configuration
26
Fe = [Ar]18 3d6 4s2 configuration

1.26 (A)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
1.27 (A)

1.28 (D)
As ionisation energy decreases electropositive character increases and thus the tendency to form cation
increases. Therefore, metallic character increases.
1.29 (B)
As ionisation energies decrease down the group the reducing character increases and as across the period,
ionisation energies increases, so reducing character, decreases.
1.30 (D)
As electronegativity difference between element and oxygen decreases the acidic character of oxides
increases. The electronegativity also increases with increasing oxidiation states. In general, as non-metallic
character increases across the period, the acidic character of their oxides increases.

1.31 (A)
Atomic radius decreases, the negative value of electron gain enthalpy increases (as attraction for extra
electron increases).

1.32 (A)
1
Ionic size  nuclear ch arg e

1.33 (C)
Both (A) and (B) are correct statements.
1.34 (A)
Covalent bond formation involves the overlapping of atomic orbitals and in doing this some part of the orbitals
becomes common. So rcovalent < rmetallic.

1.35 (D)
Value corresponds to noble gas. Hence, T is inert toward chemical reactivity.

1.36 (B)
Metal having low IE1 and higher IE2 corresponds to alkali metal. Hence, Q is most reactive metal (easily
forms cation).

1.37 (A)
Non-metal having higher negative value of electron gain enthalpy corresponds to halogen. Hence R is more
reactive non-metal (easily forms anion)
1.38 (D)
All statements are correct.

1.39 (D)
Orbitals bearing lower value of n will be more closer to the nucleus and thus electrons will experience greater
attraction from nucleus and so its removal will be difficult not easier.

1.40 (C)
Heg kJ mol–1  Cl = – 349 ; F = – 328 ; S = – 200 ; O = – 141
1.41 (A - q) ; (B - p,t) ; ( C - s) ; (D - r)
(A) Inert gases exist as monoatomic molecule. They have highest IE1 and IE2 and positive electron gain
enthalpies.
(B) Alkali metal – IE1 is low because of bigger size of atom and IE2 is high due to noble gas configuration. As
it has low IE1 , it can lose one electron easily and thus more electropositive. So it acts as strong reducing
agents and their oxides are basic in nature. They have low negative value of Heg because of large size.
(C) IE1 and IE2 both high and negative value of electron gain enthalpy is very high because of high nuclear
charge and small size of atoms, so it has a greater tendency to accept an additional electron. So it (F) acts
as a strong oxidising agent.
(D) As it has less negative value for Heg than (C) thus it will be least reactive non – metal (I).
1.42 (A - p,r) ; (B - r) ; (C - q,s,t) ; (D - q,s)
(A) Nitrogen has less favourable electron affinity because of stable half filled electron configuration, ns2np3.
Nitrogen has higher first ionisation energy because of stable half filled electron configuration, ns2 np3.
Across the period, atomic size decreases; electrons are added in the same valence shell but for addition of
each sucessive element the nuclear charge increases by one unit positive charge (i.e. proton)
Electronegativity of nitrogen (3.0) is greater than that of carbon (2.5) on acount of small atomic size.
C = ns2 np2; N = ns2np3.
11
 (B) egH; Se = –195 kJmol–1 ; Br = –325 kJ mol–1
IE1; Se = 941 kJ mol–1 ; Br = 1142 kJ mol–1
Covalent radius/pm; Se = 117; Br = 114
Electronegativity; Se = 2.48; Br = 3.0
Se = [Noble gas] ns2np4; Br = [Noble gas] ns2np5.
(C) egH; K = –48 kJ mol–1; Mg  O (stable configuration ns2)
IE1; K = 419 kJ mol–1; Mg = 737 kJ mol–1
Metallic radius/pm K = 227; Mg = 160
Electronegativity ; K = 0.8 ; Mg = 1.2
K = [Noble gas] ns1 ; Mg = [Noble gas]ns2.
(D) egH ; F = –328 kJ mol–1 (more inter electronic repulsions on account of small size)
Cl = –349 kJ mol–1
E1; F = 1680 kJ mol–1; Cl = 1256 kJ mol–1
Covalent radius/pm; F = 64 ; Cl = 99
Electronegativity ; F = 4.0; Cl = 3.2
Have same number of valence electrons because both belong to same group i.e. halogen.

1.43 (A– r) ; (B – q,r) ; (C – s) ; (D – p,q,s,t)

(A) For isoelectronic species, the ionic size decreases with increase in nuclear charge.
(B) Number of atomic shells increases, ionic size increases.
(C) Correct order ; as Cl has less inter electronic repulsions than F due to bigger size of 3p-subshell.
(D) Oxidation state increases, the electronegativity increases. For isoelectronic species ionisation energy
and electron affinity increases with increasing nuclear charge.

1.44 (9)
Last electron enters in d-subshell so it belongs to d-block elements.
For d-block elements group number
= no of electrons in (n – 1) d subshell + number of electrons in valence shell (i.e. ns)
=7+2=9

1.45 (36)
First gas which contains d-electron is Kr.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6
Total number of d-electrons = 10
Total number of p-electrons = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18
Total number of s-electrons = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
Difference in total number of p- and s - electrons = 18 – 8 = 10
So inert gas is 36Kr.

1.46_ (6)
(ii) Na+ < F– < O2 – < N3–
(vi) Cl > F > Br > 
(ix) N > P > As > Sb

1.47 (24)
In M4+ ion total number of electrons = 20

1s 2 2 s 2 2p 6 3 s 2 3p 6 3d2
Electronic configuration =
2 8 10
Number of electrons in metal = number of protons = 4 + 20 = 24

1.48_ (3)
Lanthanide are placed in 6th period after La and Actinides are placed in 7th period after Ac in third group.

1.49_ (4)
Electron configuration for 46Pd is [Kr]36 4d10.