LABORATORY MANUAL

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

LAB

MEC 403LA

Department of Mechanical Engineering

STATE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to K.U. University)
NILOKHERI – 132117, KARNAL

1
 Experiment-1

AIM: - To study the 2-dimensional drawing, orthographic views, front views, top views
and side view.

THEORY: -
1. Orthographic view: - Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of three-
dimensional objects.Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an
object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the
planes of the object.

Orthographic projection, common method of representing three-dimensional objects,

usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along
parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. For example, an orthographic
projection of a house typically consists of a top view, or plan, and a front view and one side
view (front and side elevations).

2. Front view: - Front view of an object shows the width and height dimensions. Frontal
plane of projection is the plane onto which the Front View (FV) of the multi-view
drawing is projected.

3. Top view: -Top view of an object shows the width and depth dimensions Horizontal
plane of projection is the plane onto which the Top View of the multi-view drawing is
projected. Top view is always positioned and aligned with the front view.

4. Side view: - the right-side view is the standard side view used. The right-side view of
an object shows the depth and the height dimensions. The right-side view is projected
onto the profile plane of projection, which is a plane that is parallel to the right side of
the object. Side view is always positioned to the side ofand aligned with the front view.
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
OF 2D DESIGN
 Experiment-2
AIM: - Introduction to Solid Works and working with sketch mode.

THEORY:
Solid Works is one of the products of SolidWorks Corporation, which is powered by Dassault
Systems 3D experience platform. SolidWorks mechanical design automation software is a
feature-based, parametric solid modelling design tool that lets designers quickly sketch out
ideas, experiment with features and dimensions, and produce models and detailed drawings. It
takes advantage of the easy to learn Windows graphical user interface in which designers can
use simple drag and drop (DD), copy paste functionality same as in the Windows. Many of the
icons such as print, open, cut and save are also part of the SolidWorks application which is
familiar with Windows functions. When designing a model using SolidWorks, you can
visualize it in three dimensions, the waythe model exists once it is manufactured.
SKETCHS

1.

Procedure:
Step - 1. Select a plane from right plane, front plane and top plane.
2. Draw a reference line.
3. Draw two rectangle using rectangle entity.
4. Coincident the rectangle by using ctrl. + the point and the line.
5. Make sure that all sides are horizontal and vertical to the reference line and both
side of reference linemeet at mid-point of rectangles.
6. Now using smart dimension entity give correct dimension to each side which is
given and make figurefully defined.
 2.

Procedure:
Step -
1. Select front plane and using line entity draw the figure as given.
2. Merge all the points of the line by using ctrl. + the point which is to be merge.
3. Make sure that all the lines are vertical and horizontal which is given vertical and
horizontal in the figureto be drawn.
4. By using smart dimension entity give the correct dimension to the diagram and make
the figure fullydefined.
3.

Procedure:

Step –
1. Select front plane, draw two circle using circle entity make both circles concentric.
2. Draw a rectangle using corner rectangle entity and draw two-line L1, L2 perpendicular to
rectangle andmake coincident on rectangle.
3. Using smart dimension entity dimension the outer and inner circle 100 dia., 50 dia.
Respectively. Also give dimension to the rectangle 116mm*25mm and make both line
10mm away from both end point of rectanglerespectively.
4. Draw an arc of R150 which is attach to the outer circle and line which is perpendicular to
rectangle, draw another arc of R45 on circle and another line. After that cut the unwanted
line using trim entity.
5. Make centre of circle and line L2 point on rectangle vertical to each other and 120mm away.
6. Make both arc tangent to the circle and equal curve length to the line. Now the figure is
fully defined.

4.

Procedure:

Step – 1. Select a plane like front plane. Draw a rectangle of dimension 103.6mm*127mm.
Step – 2. Draw a square inside rectangle and on its each point draw circle of R9.7 and make
them equal.
Step – 3. On these circles draw a perpendicular line inside them which is 18.3mm away from
other side of circle.
Step – 4. Now draw six circles as shown in exercise, make them equal by using ctrl. + entity
and givedimension(dia.4.2).
Step – 5. Draw two more circle which are 64.9mm away to each other and 51.8mmfrom
breath (127mm long)side and 19mm from other side.
Step – 6. Now make them vertical and horizontal according to exercise and figure is fully
defined.
 5.

Procedure:
Step – 1. Select a plane and draw three concentric circle, pair of two circle. Make two of
them horizontal andequal.
Step – 2. Using dimension entity, the inner circle is dia.30 and outer is R20. Draw an arc which is
tangent to circleof R20.
Step – 3. In third circle of dia.55, draw a circle of dia.38 and on its each four points draw equal
circle of dia.12.
Step – 4. Draw an arc of R98 and the distance between first circle to third one is 100mm. after
that draw a linewhich join the outer point of second and third circle now the figure is fully
defined.

6.
Procedure:
Step – 1. Select a plane, consider origin centre draw two concentric slots. Now draw a
reference line from centreof origin horizontal.
Step – 2. Now use mirror entities about reference line and make another slot.
Step – 3. Draw a circle which is coincident to both slots, now draw four equal arcs of R10
which is tangent toboth slot and circle.
Step – 4. Using trim cut the unnecessary part and give dimension to circle and arc R45 . now
figure is fully defined.

7.

Procedure:

Step – 1. Select a plane draw two concentric circle of dia.154 and 112.
Step – 2. Divide circle in 30 degree each and draw 2 circles of pair, 30degree apart. Now
using mirror entitydraw three more and cut the unnecessary part.
Step – 3. Using line entity draw the required part between circles.
Step – 4. Draw another concentric of dia.50 and draw a pattern of 6mm and 12mm on
circle and cut theundesired part using trim entity. Now the figure is fully defined.
8.
Procedure:
Step – 1. Select a plane. From origin construct concentric circle of dia.44 and dia. (28.52-
28.57). Draw anotherpair with dia,40 and (18.99-19.05).
Step – 2. Draw concentric slot the outer is R22, and inner slot is 22mm wide. Draw a
concentric arc slot of outerR22 and 22mm wide inner.
Step – 3. Draw the desired arc and connect them tangential.
Step – 4. Draw another circle of R35 on origin and connect it with slot through line entity
tangentially and connectthis circle to arc slot with arc.
Step – 5. Now cut the undesired part and dimension it, so the figure is fully defined.
 Experiment-3

AIM: - To study the wireframe, surface, and solid modelling.

THEORY: -
Wire frame modelling
Wire frame modelling is an edge or skeletal representation of a real-world 3D object using
lines and curves.

Merits:

1. Simple to construct for 2D and simple and symmetric 3D objects

2. Designer needs little training
3. System needs little memory
4. Take less manipulation time
5. Retrieving and editing can be done easy
6. Consumes less time
7. Best suitable for manipulations as orthographic isometric and perspective views.

Demerits:

1. Image causes confusion

2. Cannot get required information from this model
3. Hidden line removal features not available
4. Not possible for volume and mass calculation, NC programming cross sectioning etc
5. Not suitable to represent complex solids

SURFACE MODELLING
Surface models define the surface features, as well as the edges, of objects. Different types
of spline curves areused to create surface patches with different modelling characteristics.
Merits:

1. It is less ambiguous.
2. Complex surfaces can be easily identified.
3. It removes hidden line and adds realism.

Demerits:

1. Difficult to construct.
2. Difficult to calculate mass property.
3. More time is required for creation.
4. Requires high storage space as compared to wire frame modelling.
5. Also requires more time for manipulation.

SOLID MODELLING

Solid Modelling is a modelling that provides a complete representation of an object than a

wire frame modellingand surface modelling. In this model, the appearance of an object is
displayed in solid design.

Merits:

1. Complete modelling.
2. Unambiguous.
3. Best suitable for calculating mass properties.
4. Very much suitable for automated applications.
5. Fast creation.
 6. Gives huge information.

Demerits:

1. Requires large memory.

2. Slow manipulation.
3. Some manipulations can be complex and require tedious procedure.
 Experiment- 4

AIM: -Working with the tools like Pattern, Copy, Rotate, Move and Mirror etc.

THEORY: -

Mirror: -

You mirror objects around a mirror line, which you define with two points. You then choose to delete or retain
the original objects. Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects. You can draw half the object and quickly
mirror it rather than draw the whole object.

Command: mirror + enter

Select objects: right-click

Specify first point of mirror line: pick

Specify second point of mirror line: pick

Erase source objects [Yes/No] _ N _: enter

Copy: -

This command is used to make an exact copy of the existing lines or object. The copy command is also used to
make more than one copy without activating the real command. To copy an object, you select one or more objects
to copy, specify a start point, called a base point,

And then specify a second point to determine the distance and direction of the copy. The two points can be
anywhere within the drawing.
For example.

Command: copy + enter

Select objects: right-click

Specify base point or [Displacement/Mode] _ Displacement _: pick

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo]: pick

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] _ Exit _: enter

Rotate: -

You rotate objects by specifying a base point and a rotation angle. You can specify the rotation angle by specifying
a point or entering a value for the angle. In the following example, you specify the base point (1) and a second
point (2) that determines the angle of rotation (2) for the orientation of a house. When using the Rotate tool
remember the default rotation of objects within AutoCAD is counterclockwise (anticlockwise).

Command: rotate + enter

Select objects: right-click

Specify base point: pick

Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] _ 0 _:45 + enter

Move: -

You move objects the same way that you copy them. You select the object to move, specify the base point (1),
and then specify a second point to determine the distance and direction of the move (2).

In the illustration, these steps move the window higher and away from the door.

Command: move + enter

Select objects: right-click

Specify base point or [Displacement] _ Displacement _: pick

Specify second point or _ use first point as displacement _: pick

Fillet: -

Filleting connects two objects with an arc of a specified radius that is tangent to the objects.

Use the Radius option of the Fillet command to specify arc radius of the fillet. Changing the radius sets the default
radius for subsequent fillets. You can also fillet circles, arcs, and polylines. More than one possible fillet can exist
between circles and arcs depending on where you select the objects.

Command: fillet + enter

Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: r (Radius)

Specify fillet radius _ 0 _: 15

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: pick

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: pick

Offset: -

By help of this command we can draw parallel lines, polylines, concentric

circles, arcs curves etc.Command: offset + enter

Specify offset distance or

[Through/Erase/Layer] _ through _: 10

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] _ Exit

_: pick drawing 1

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] _ Exit _:

pick inside the rectangleSelect object to offset or [Exit/Undo] _ Exit

_: e (Exit)

Array: -

In some drawings you may need to specify an object multiple times .so that arrays can be
in either a rectangularform or in a Polar form as shown in the examples below.

Rectangular Array

1. Click on the array icon from modify toolbar a dialog box appears make settings in
the dialog:
2. Rectangular Array radio button set on (dot in button).
3. Enter no of Row field – enter 5
4. Enter no of Column field – enter 6
5. Row offset field – enter −50 (note the minus sign)
6. Column offset field – enter 50
7. Click the Select objects button and the dialog disappears. Window the drawing. A
second dialog appearswhich includes a Preview_ button.
 8. Click the Preview_ button. The dialog disappears and the following prompt appears
at the command line:Pick or press Esc to return to drawing or _ Right click to accept
drawing.
9. If satisfied right-click. If not, press the Esc key and revise the Array dialog fields as
necessary.

Trim: -

This tool is one which will be in frequently use when constructing drawings. This command
is used to cut off theexcessively long lines.

Command: trim + enter + enter

Select objects to trim or shift-select to extend or

[Fence/Project/Crossing/Edge/erase//Undo]: pick one of the

objects
 Experiment- 5

AIM: Working with creating 3D features (Extrude & Revolve).

THEORY:
Three-dimensional geometry in SolidWorks is constructed from sketches, which are most often two-dimensional
and drawn on planes. Sketches can become three-dimensional curves when using the Projected Curve, Fit Spline,
Spline on Surface, or 3D Sketch command. Every sketch contains dimensions defining the drawing, and
constraints describing the sketch elements’ relation to one another or to other features of the 3D model. A line,
for example, can run in parallel, coincident, or perpendicular to another mating element.

SolidWorks offers a toolkit of surface and solid operations that create features, the building blocks of the design.
Features are based on sketches and can be accessed in the Feature Tree. This is a history of the design’s
construction which makes it possible to always revert and modify the design. Structuring modelling operations
this way also best communicates design intent.

Features for solid operations include:

 Extrude - drawing out a sketch along a dimension, with the option of adding a taper. 
 Sweep - drawing out a sketch along another sketch, with the option of adding a twist. 
 Loft - a morphed shape between two or more closed profile sketches. 
 Revolve - a shape is created by turning a profile sketch around an axis. 
 Boundary - a shape is created based on a set of boundary curves. 

Extrude:

Extrude creates a feature by extruding a 3D object from a 2D sketch, essentially adding the third dimension. An
extrusion can be a base (in which case it always adds material), a boss (which adds material, often on another
extrusion), or a cut (which removes material).

Extrusion is the process of stretching a flat, 2D shape vertically to create a 3D object in a scene. For example, you
can extrude building polygons by a height value to create three-dimensional building shapes. Only points, lines,
and polygons support extrusion. When you extrude a layer in the 2D Layers category in the Contents pane, it is
moved to the 3D Layers category. You can only extrude a single layer at a time. If more than one layer is selected
in the Contents pane, extrusion choices will be disabled.
To create an extrude:

1. Click Solids > Draw > Extrude (or type Extrude).

2. Specify the type of model to create.
 Surface. Creates surfaces from the selected entities.
 Solid. Creates 3D solids from the selected entities.
3. Specify the entities to extrude.
4. Specify a height for the extrusion. All entities use the same height.

The software extrudes the entity and creates a 3D solid.

 Revolve:
Revolves add or remove material by revolving one or more profiles around a centreline.
You can create revolvedboss/bases, revolved cuts, or revolved surfaces. The revolve
feature can be a solid, a thin feature, or a surface.

Revolve requires one more ingredient, the Axis of Rotation. Once you have a sketch, the next
element is the centreline, axis, or internal line, of the sketch.

To create a revolve feature:

1. Create a new 2D sketch.

2. Create all solid sketch geometry on one side of the axis.
3. Choose Revolve Boss/Base from the features menu.
4. Pick the axis you wish to use for the revolve.
5. Specify direction and angle.
Accept the
 Experiment- 6
AIM: Working with tools like hole, round, chamfer.

THEORY: -

Use of hole command

1.) First take mgs unit and take top plane.

2.) For using hole command, we make base. here we take rectangle of 100*60 mm.
3.) Use extrudes boss feature and make depth is 20mm.
4.) For making hole we use simple hole command.
5.) Here we take any arbitrary position.
6.) Let’s take depth of hole is 18mm, diameter is 12mm and tapered angle is zero.
7.) For fully defined we give dimension.

Use of chamfer command

1.) First take mgs unit and take top plane.

2.) For using hole command, we make base. here we take rectangle of 70*60 mm.
3.) Use extrudes boss feature and make depth is 40mm.
4.) When we go to chamfer command.

There are five types of chamfers.

1.) Angle distance chamfer

We give distance 10 and angle 60.

2.) Distance chamfer

Take distance 10 and 20.

3.) Vertex chamfer

Take distance 10,20and 30mm.

4.) Offset face chamfer

Take offset is 10 and 30.

 5.) Face -face chamfer
Take distance 10 and 30mm.

Use of round/fillet command

1.) First take mmgs unit and take top plane.

2.) For using hole command, we make base. here we take rectangle of 100*60 mm.
3.) Use extrudes boss feature and make depth is 20mm.
4.) There are four types of fillets

1.) Constant size fillet

2.) Variable size fillet

3.) Face fillet

4.) Full round fillet

 Experiment-7

AIM: - To create Piston using any 3d software.

DIAGRAM: -

All Dimension are in millimetres.

PROCEDURE:

 Draw the sketch on the Front Plane and set its-dimensions.

 Use Revolve Base

 Provide axis of rotation as highlighted.
  Select Front Plane and get section view of the object.
 Turn to sketch mode and draw rectangle

 Exit sketch mode and section view.
 Select Right and Front Plane and create an axis using reference geometry cad situated in features tab.

 Use Revolve cut on sketch2 (rectangle) by providing axis created in previous step.
 Use Linear Pattern situated in Features tab.
Provide direction as Axis 1.

 On Right Plane put the object in section view, enter in sketch mode and draw as shown.
 Add vertical relation in between centre of rectangle and origin.
 Exit Section view.
 Without exiting sketch mode.
 Use Extrude Cut on sketch3.

 Get Normal to highlighted section, make sure to align view in such a way that Extrude cut used previously
is horizontal.
 Enter sketch mode.
 Draw sketch on highlighted part.

 Add horizontal relation in between sketch4 and origin.

 Without exiting sketch mode use Extrude based on sketch4

 Use Mirror cmd of feature tab.

 Select Right Plane as mirror face.
 

 Get Normal to highlighted section and enter sketch mode.

 Draw sketch5 as shown, add vertical relation in between centre of drawn circle and origin.

 Use Extrude cut on sketch5.

 Use Fillet present in feature tab (r= 28mm).

 Use Fillet present in feature tab (r= 12.70mm).

 Use Fillet present in feature tab (r= 10mm).

 Use Fillet present in feature tab (r= 5mm).

 Use Fillet present in feature tab (r= 5mm).

 Select Axis1 and hide it.
 Experiment- 8
AIM- Draw the part drawing of product 2 using any 3D software.

PROCEDURE-

1. Select the plane , draw centreline in both the axis i.e. X and y axis, now start with line draw at the left side
of the centreline now take mouse to the end point of the line then the line will convert into circle draw one
quarter circle and again repeat the last step but now draw in opposite direction, mirror the drawing about y
axis line , select 3 point arc and draw from top like it create a half circle. Do same with the other end and
make a relation tangent between quarter circle and arc now define the dimensions. Our final drawing will
look like this.

2. Extrude the drawing i.e. About 50mm and also define the colour raw material (metal-steel-brushed steel),
now go to side view and select flat face of body, select sketch and now draw a triangle because we need a
cut so use extruded cut feature here. Like shown below.
 3. Now select back face of part and draw a circle of 140mm, also make a relation between circle and the
half circle arc i.e., Concentric, now just select extruded boss base feature and make it to 100mm

4. Now select circle face that we extruded in last step and draw a straight slot (draw from circle centre to the
body centre) now give dimensions to it, use extrude up to 50mm

5. Now select side face of straight slot that we have made we are going to make again a cut out , same steps
make a triangle and use extruded cut feature but now we will cut on both the sides you can see in picture.
6. Now select the straight slot face and draw a circle of 140mm and make relation concentric and in the end
extrude it up to 100 mm

7. Now select the final face that we got and again draw a straight slot from centres as we did in step 5.

8. Now draw a circle on straight slot of 140mm make it concentric and extrude it to 100mm.
9. Now we need to fix this flange but in reverse direction so, select flange face first go to sketch mode and
now select sketch first that we made in step 1 from design tree now click on convert entity feature you can
see now you got the same sketch now at the flange face

10. Draw some construction lines and mark a body centre point, we are doing this because we need the
geometry in reverse direction, now select rotate entity and rotate it about 180 degrees about our cent point
we selected.

11. Use extruded boss upto 50mm and also cut some faces like we did previously.
12. Select the face and go to sketch mode draw a circle at the body centre of 140mm also
make relation betweenbody centre and circle centre i.e., Vertical, extrude tiptoe
50mm

13. Repeat perivious step same in front or starting face .on the flange we made made a
circle of 100mm diaand extrude it upto 150mm . We have made half crank shaft till
now , so now we just need to mirror

14. Select mirror feature and firstly select the face about which we need to mirror and
now select whole bodywhile keeping the merge body option on. That’s it we got our
crank shaft ready.
 Experiment-9

AIM - Make assembly by using any 3D software.

THEORY-

ASSEMBLY-
We can build complex assemblies consisting of many components, which can be parts or other assemblies,
called subassemblies. For most operations, the behaviour of components is the same for both types. Adding
a component to an assembly creates a link between the assembly and the component.

PROCEDURE-
1. We have created the parts using previous experiments features so we are going for assembly here
only. The parts are as follows-

2. Let’s insert our first part i.e., body and shaft key. Now select advance mate and choose width mate,
select both part faces, now make another mate i.e., Coincidence and select face of key and slot, at
last select hollow face and edge of key and make relation coincident.
3. Now insert more parts i.e. screw and morse taper tool, Make mate relation between the morse taper
tool and the body i.e. concentric relation align it in such a manner that the threads are at back side.
make a mate parallel between key and the morse taper tool. Now select outer face of taper tool and
screw add a mate concentric. In the end make a mechanical mate relation of screw between screw
and morse tool. Insert another component tailstock ram and make a mate concentric with face of
morse taper tool now make coincident relation between the ram, key, and the body.

4. Now browse the other component and insert the wheel make a relation concentric between screw
and wheel insert another component i.e., pin. make a relation concentric between hole and pin also
make another coincident relation i.e., between top plane of wheel and front plane of pin.
5. Now insert another component i.e., wheel handle and make relation with wheel hole of coincident,
now insert another component tailstock ram, now make relation concentric first and then
coincident with the body.

6. Now insert the next component handle and make relation with ram hole concentric and coincident,
now insert knob and make a mate relation concentric and coincident.
7. Now insert tailstock centre select body and select edge of ram, make relation coincident. That’s it
our tailstock assembly is ready.