10 XI November 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47726
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fake Currency Detection Using ORB Algorithm

Ms. Agrima Gupta1, Ms. Rashleen Kour2
1, 2
Dept. of Computer Science, M.B.S.C.E.T, Jammu, India

Abstract: This paper presents the technique to detect fake currency using the technique of image processing. Fake currency is
produced and circulated in the market by antisocial people or group of people in the society. Fake currency affects the economic
status of the country and also brings disturbance in the economic development.
Various methods of image processing techniques that can be used to process and detect fake currency are- image segmentation,
image acquisition, edge detection, grey scale conversion, feature extraction and feature matching.
The system presented in the paper deals with feature extraction and feature matching method of image processing in python
language. Result will be displayed in terms of accuracy value depicting whether the currency note is original or fake.
Keywords: Image Segmentation, Edge detection, Feature Extraction, Feature Matching and Image Processing

I. INTRODUCTION
Fake currency is the imitated or counterfeit money produced and used illegally. Mostly the higher-level denominations like Rs.
2000, Rs. 500 and Rs. 100 are counterfeited and circulated in the market. According to the figure disclosed in parliament, during
2006-09 7.34 lakh of Rs. 100 note, 5.76 lakh of Rs. 500 note and 1.09 lakh of Rs. 1000 note were found fake. Number of notes per
million have increased from 4.4 in 2007-08 to 7.51 in 2011-12. In the end of year 2018, the counterfeit money detected was around
46% that was Rs. 100 denomination while counterfeit notes of Rs. 2000 and Rs. 500 were at 29% together (by number of
banknotes).
There are various techniques that are developed by different researchers that could detect fake currency and can be very helpful in
this field. Image processing is the widely used technique for the detection of fake currency. It includes methods such as image
acquisition, image segmentation, edge detection, feature extraction and feature matching that are performed to detect the fake
currency. A blend of some algorithms with image processing can be very helpful in the detection process.

A. Feature Extraction
Feature Extraction can be defined as the first step performed on an image. In feature extraction each pixel of an image is examined
to see if that pixel is fit to be termed as a feature. Feature extracted from one image can be compared to the features of another
image and can be processed further to get desired results.
Feature extraction can be done using SIFT, ORB, SURF etc. algorithms. These algorithms are pixel processing. These algorithms
locate pixel or points on image as feature and match it with another image’s Pixel or points. Hence, comparison is made on the basis
of feature of an image.

B. Feature Matching
After feature extraction is done, the extracted features are matched between two images. Feature matching means finding
corresponding features from two databases based on search distance.
All the feature of an image does not match, there is always some distortion between some matches but there are some good matches
(say kn matches) that matches well between two images. ORB, SIFT, SURF, Brute Force, Flann matcher etc. are some of the
algorithms that perform feature matching along with feature extraction.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

In 2012, Mirza and Nanda [1] presented four characteristics such as identification mark, security thread, latent image and watermark
for validating the Indian paper currency denomination. This proposed system describes an approach for verification of Indian
currency banknotes. The currency will be verified by using image processing techniques. The approach consists of a number of
components including image processing, edge detection, image segmentation, characteristic extraction, comparing images. The
image processing approach is discussed with MATLAB to detect the features of paper currency. The result will be whether currency
is genuine or counterfeit.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1813
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

D.Alekhya, G.DeviSuryaPrabha, G.Venkata Durga Rao [2] in their IJRCCT paper discussed about different methods used to detect
fake notes. The method included See through register, water marking, optically variable ink, fluorescence, security thread, intaglio
printing, latent image, micro lettering, identification mark. They also proposed a system that make use of MATLAB to detect
whether the currency is original or fake. The system compares the RGB value of the original note and the input note, and makes the
combination of the input RGB values with the original RGB values and save this combination.
Megha Thakur, Amrit Kaur [3] in their paper presents the various fake currency detection techniques. They have reviewed different
fake currency detection systems. The method included See through register, water marking, optically variable ink, fluorescence,
security thread, intaglio printing, latent image, micro lettering, identification mark. They also discussed about fake currency
detection using MATLAB. The systems are developed using different methods and algorithms. The benefits of this study for the
reader are that this study will provide information about the different methods and algorithms used for fake currency detection
system. They can compare the detection systems. Detection ability depends on the currency note characteristics of particular country
and extraction of features.
Ms. Rumi Ghosh and Mr Rakesh Khare [6] in their paper described various methods for the recognition of paper currency. In this
survey, they empirically demonstrate the different techniques of Indian currency notes to recognition of currency notes. They
discussed about different techniques for recognition of paper currency such extraction of features of banknote, characteristics such
as colour, size and texture are used in recognition, a currency recognition system using ensemble neural network (ENN), etc. The
paper presented a comprehensive overview of techniques for the recognizing currency using neural network techniques.
In their paper Ingulkar Ashwini Suresh and Prof. P.P. Narwade [8] proposed a system in which recognition of paper currency is
done with the help of digital image processing techniques. Around eight characteristics of Indian paper currency is selected for
counterfeit detection. The identification marks, optical variable link, see through register and currency colour code decides the
currency recognition. The security threads, water mark, Latent image and micro-lettering features are used for currency verification.
The characteristics extraction is performed on the image of the currency and it is compared with the characteristics of the genuine
currency. The currency is verified by using image processing techniques.
Tushar Agasti, Gajanan Burand, Pratik Wade and P Chitra [9] proposed a system which makes the use of image processing again
using MATLAB. This system makes use of process like edge detection, image segmentation, feature extraction etc. The system
calculates the intensity value of each feature and if its value is above 70% the note is said to be original otherwise fake. Features of
currency note like serial number, security thread, Identification mark, Mahatma Gandhi portrait were extracted. The algorithm
proposed here works suitably for the newly introduced 500 and 2000 denomination.
Mayadevi A.Gaikwad, Vaijinath V. Bhosle and Vaibhav D Patil [10] in their paper studied different key features of new genuine
currency and use such techniques to detect and verify new currency circulated by Reserve Bank Of India. There are Different
techniques which are used to distinguish between counterfeit notes and genuine one. By using different components of Digital
Image processing such as image processing, image segmentation, characteristics extraction, comparing images etc. we can extract
the features of genuine notes.
III. IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM

Figure 1: Flowchart of the general working of the system.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1814
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

In the proposed system the image of any input currency note is captured and then it is processed with original currency note image
already stored in the system.

A. Feature Extraction
On the input note, feature extraction is performed using ORB algorithm.

1) ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) Algorithm: ORB algorithm is the main algorithm that has been used in this system
for the very first step of feature extraction. ORB is a combination of FAST and BRIEF algorithm in which FAST is used in the
well-known keypoint detector and BRIEF is used for descriptor.
Combination of both of these algorithms make ORB a good algorithm for extraction of keypoints. In this system, ORB shows the
extracted points with green coloured dots that mark all the features.
As the features extracted are marked with green dots as shown in figure 2

Figure 2: Snapshot of Feature extracted in Rs. 500 note.

After extraction of all the features, feature matching is performed.

B. Feature Matching
For feature matching Brute Force algorithm is used:
1) Brute Force: This is another algorithm that has been used in this system. Brute force algorithm is used to match the extracted
features. The features that are matched between the two-currency note are shown through coloured lines. The algorithm works
on the basis of distance calculation. Brute Force algorithm checks all the features for match on the basis of divide and conquer
technique.
It considers features parts by parts of the currency note and draws the possible matches.
All the features of input note that matches with the features in original note are highlighted with the coloured lines between the two
notes as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: Snapshot of Feature Matching of Rs. 500 note.

After getting the matched features between the two notes, the result is calculated.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1815
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

IV. RESULT
The result of the system is obtained as shown below.

Figure 4: Snapshot of Result of Rs. 500 note

Firstly, the good matches are obtained. Good matches show the number of best matches between the two images among all the
possible matches.
Then, the percentage accuracy is calculated. Percentage accuracy depicts that how close the input currency is to the original
currency note.
or “Magnetization {A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
“Temperature (K)”, not “Temperature/K”.

V. CONCLUSION
The fake currency detection system is coded in Python language which makes it easier to understand and implement.
This system can detect old as well as new currency denominations. Hardware implementation of this system can also be done. The
algorithm that are used process successfully and give the accurate results.

REFERENCES
[1] Rubeena Mirza, Vinti Nanda, "Paper Currency verification System based on Characteristic Extraction using Image Processing", IJEAT, vol. 1, no. 03, pp. 68-
71, February 2012.
[2] D. Alekhya, G .Devi Surya Prabha, G.Venkata Durga Rao. “Fake Currency Detection Using Image Processing and Other Standard Methods” International
Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
[3] Megha Thakur, Amrit Kaur “Various Fake Currency Detection Techniques” International Journal for Technological Research In Engineering Volume 1, Issue
11, July-2014
[4] Binod Prasad Yadav, C. S. Patil, R. R. Karhe, P. H. Patil “Indian Currency Recognition and Verification System Using Image Processing” International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1816
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

[5] Prof. Sowmyashree, Shreya Shetty, Trupti Ghotkar, Chirayu Yadav, Suraj Kanojiya “Currency Recognition and Fake Note Detection” IJREAT International
Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, Oct -Nov, 2015
[6] Ms. Rumi Ghosh and Mr Rakesh Khare “A Study on Diverse Recognition Techniques for Indian Currency Note” IJREAT International Journal of Research in
Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, Oct -Nov, 2015
[7] Shoeba Aasma and Nida Asma “Indian Paper Currency Denomination Recognition by Image Processing” International Journal for Innovations in Engineering,
Science and Management Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2016
[8] Ingulkar Ashwini Suresh and Prof. P.P. Narwade “Indian Currency Recognition and Verification Using Image Processing” International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 03 Issue: 06 | June-2016
[9] Tushar Agasti, Gajanan Burand, Pratik Wade and P Chitra “Fake currency detection using image processing” IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and
Engineering 263 (2017) 052047
[10] Mayadevi A.Gaikwad, Vaijinath V. Bhosle and Vaibhav D Patil “Automatic Indian New Fake Currency Detection Technique” International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 6 Issue 11, November - 2017

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