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    Q2 - Grade 11 - Lesson 3

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    Francheska Abando
    Magma is formed through partial melting of mantle rocks due to decompression or flux melting. It varies in composition but mainly contains oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Magma can escape through intrusion to form plutonites below ground or through extrusion during volcanic eruptions to form volcanites above ground. The depth of the magma chamber determines the strength of the volcanic eruption.

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    Q2 - Grade 11 - Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Francheska Abando
    43 views24 pages
    Magma is formed through partial melting of mantle rocks due to decompression or flux melting. It varies in composition but mainly contains oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Magma can escape through intrusion to form plutonites below ground or through extrusion during volcanic eruptions to form volcanites above ground. The depth of the magma chamber determines the strength of the volcanic eruption.

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    Q2_Grade 11_Lesson 3

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    Magma is formed through partial melting of mantle rocks due to decompression or flux melting. It varies in composition but mainly contains oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Magma can escape through intrusion to form plutonites below ground or through extrusion during volcanic eruptions to form volcanites above ground. The depth of the magma chamber determines the strength of the volcanic eruption.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    43 views24 pages

    Q2 - Grade 11 - Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Francheska Abando
    Magma is formed through partial melting of mantle rocks due to decompression or flux melting. It varies in composition but mainly contains oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Magma can escape through intrusion to form plutonites below ground or through extrusion during volcanic eruptions to form volcanites above ground. The depth of the magma chamber determines the strength of the volcanic eruption.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    magma

    found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of


    magmatism. IT is the hot, molten rock under the crust of
    the earth.
    Magma composition
    Magma is a combination of molten rocks And gases of the
    Earth’s mantle and cores Temperature ranges from
    500-1200 degree Celsius And mainly comprises of alkaline
    salts. it vary widely in composition But in general, only 8
    elements most abundant. These are oxygen, silicon,
    aluminum and iron Potassium, sodium, magnesium and
    calcium.
    How is magma
    formed?
    Magma forms from partial melting of mantle
    rocks.
    Rocks undergo partial melting because the minerals that compose
    them melt at different temperature. Partial melting takes place
    because rocks are not pure materials. As temperature rises, some
    minerals melt and others remain solid. If the same conditions are
    maintained at any given temperature, the same mixture of solid and
    melted rock is maintained.
    The two main mechanisms through which rocks
    melt are decompression melting and flux melting.
    Decompression melting takes place within Earth when a body of rock
    is held at approximately the same temperature but the pressure is
    reduced.

    Flux melting happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some
    water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock, the melting
    temperature is reduced and partial melting starts.
    At very high temperatures (over 1300°C), most magma are entirely
    liquid because there is too much energy for the atoms to bond
    together. As the temperature drops, usually because the magma is
    slowly moving upward, things start to change. Silicon and oxygen
    combine to form silica tetrahedra, and then, as cooling continues,
    the tetrahedra start to link together to make chains (polymerize).
    These silica chains have the important effect of making the magma
    more viscous (less runny), and magma viscosity has significant
    implications for volcanic eruptions. As the magma continues to cool,
    crystals start to form.
    What happens
    after magma is
    formed?
    Magma CAN escaped in two
    forms: intrusion and
    extrusion.
    INTRUSION
    An intrusion is magma that moves up
    into a volcano without erupting.
    Plutonism
    refers to all sorts of igneous
    geological activities taking place
    below the Earth's surface.
    When the process of crystallization takes place
    inside the crust, the magmatic rocks produced are
    called plutonites. Plutonites are igneous rock
    formations that are created when the process of
    crystallization and solidification of magma takes
    places below the Earth's surface and particularly in
    the crust.
    extrusion
    an eruption of magmatic materials
    that causes land formation on the
    surface of the Earth.
    The depth of the magma chamber
    causes the differences in the
    strength of volcanic eruptions. In
    general, the deeper the magma
    chamber, the stronger the explosion.
    Volcanism
    used to describe all geological
    phenomena that occur on the natural
    terrestrial surface, such as the creation
    of volcanoes and hot springs.
    vOLCANISM takes place inside cracks. In many
    cases, the mantle allows massive quantities of
    liquids and gases to reach the upper layers of
    the planet and in various cases, even the
    natural terrestrial surface.
    lava that undergoes the process of
    crystallization on the natural terrestrial
    surface gives birth to rock formations known
    as volcanites. These are one of the major
    categories of igneous rock formations.

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