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    Trivias About Earth

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    Jibler
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, volcanoes, and the water cycle. It notes that the Earth's crust is the outermost layer, ranging from 5-70km deep. Below is the mantle, making up 84% of the Earth's volume and behaving like a viscous fluid. The core is believed to be made of iron and other heavy elements. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the lithosphere. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through volcanic activity as plates diverge. The rock cycle involves the formation and breakdown of rocks through weathering, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Volcan

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    Trivias About Earth

    Uploaded by

    Jibler
    96 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, volcanoes, and the water cycle. It notes that the Earth's crust is the outermost layer, ranging from 5-70km deep. Below is the mantle, making up 84% of the Earth's volume and behaving like a viscous fluid. The core is believed to be made of iron and other heavy elements. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the lithosphere. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through volcanic activity as plates diverge. The rock cycle involves the formation and breakdown of rocks through weathering, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Volcan

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    Earth's Lithosphere

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    Trivias about Earth

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    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, volcanoes, and the water cycle. It notes that the Earth's crust is the outermost layer, ranging from 5-70km deep. Below is the mantle, making up 84% of the Earth's volume and behaving like a viscous fluid. The core is believed to be made of iron and other heavy elements. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the lithosphere. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through volcanic activity as plates diverge. The rock cycle involves the formation and breakdown of rocks through weathering, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Volcan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    96 views3 pages

    Trivias About Earth

    Uploaded by

    Jibler
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, volcanoes, and the water cycle. It notes that the Earth's crust is the outermost layer, ranging from 5-70km deep. Below is the mantle, making up 84% of the Earth's volume and behaving like a viscous fluid. The core is believed to be made of iron and other heavy elements. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the lithosphere. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through volcanic activity as plates diverge. The rock cycle involves the formation and breakdown of rocks through weathering, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Volcan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    TRIVIAS:

    LAYERS OF THE EARTH:

    The CRUST is the outermost layer of the planet, the cooled and hardened part of

    the Earth that ranges in depth from approximately 5-70 km (~3-44 miles)
    The CRUST makes up only 1% of the entire volume of the Earth, though it

    makes up the entire surface (the continents and the ocean floor).
    The MANTLE, which makes up about 84% of Earth's volume, is predominantly

    solid, but behaves as a very viscous fluid in geological time.


    In the UPPER MANTLE, temperatures range between 500 to 900 C (932 to

    1,652 F).
    The OUTER CORE is believed to be composed of 80% iron, along with nickel

    and some other lighter elements.


    In the INNER CORE, the only reason why iron and other heavy metals can be
    solid at such high temperatures of 5,400 C is because their melting
    temperatures dramatically increase at the pressures present there, which
    ranges from about 330 to 360 gigapascals.

    PLATE TECTONICS:

    Some 300 million years ago, plate movement drove Earths landmasses
    together to form Pangaea (All-Earth). This was surrounded by the vast ocean

    Panthalassa. About 100 million years later Pangaea began to break up.
    Climate expert and geophysicist Alfred Wegener pioneered the theory of
    continental drift in 1915. He became convinced that the continents were once

    joined, and put forward the idea of Pangaea.


    The edges of the plates that make up the lithosphere are called boundaries or
    margins. New crust is mainly created at plate boundaries in mid-ocean, where

    the sea floor is spreading.


    At these mid-ocean ridges, where tectonic plates diverge, molten magma
    erupts to bridge the gap. As the new rock forms, older rock is pushed aside,
    and the sea floor widens, or spreads.

    ROCK CYCLE

    Rocks exposed on the Earths surface are slowly broken down into sediments by
    water, ice, and wind. Meanwhile, new rocks are being created and recycled by

    forces in the Earths crust and mantle, deep down under the surface.
    Older rocks on the surface are destroyed by erosion, or by being pushed

    down into the crust and melted.


    Sedimentary rocks are made of particles of sediments such as sand and clay,

    or the skeletons and shells of sea creatures.


    When layers of loose sediment are buried and pressed down under more layers,

    the particles slowly cement together and lithify (form rock).


    Igneous rocks are created when magma (molten rock under the Earths crust)

    cools and becomes solid.


    Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma reaches the surface and cools
    quickly. Fast cooling produces fine-grained rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks

    form when magma cools slowly underground.


    Contact metamorphic rocks are produced when rocks are heated by magma
    rising through the crust. Rocks that are folded or crushed by immense
    pressure deep in the crust are called regional metamorphic rocks.

    VOLCANOES:

    Volcanoes are vents (openings) in the ground from which magma (molten
    rock), ash, gas, and rock fragments surge upwards, in an event called an

    eruption.
    Volcanoes are often found at boundaries between the plates in Earths crust.
    Volcanic eruptions produce volcanoes of different shapes, depending on the

    type of eruption and the regions geology.


    Hydrothermal Activity occurs where underground water is heated by rising
    magma. Hydrothermal activity on land produces hot springs, geyser, and pools
    of bubbling mud.

    WATER CYCLE:

    The sun is the driving force of the water cycle.


    Whenever water changes from one state to another and moves from one place to
    another, it either gives off energy or absorbs energy.

    Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from plant leaves into

    the atmosphere.
    Aquifers are underground water reservoirs made of rocks and minerals that

    store freshwater.
    Really old groundwater is called fossil water.
    Water is constantly being recycled so the water you drink today could be the
    same water dinosaurs drank millions of years ago.

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