Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    5 - L-25 (DP) (Pe) ( (Ee) Nptel)

    Uploaded by

    Chark
    The document discusses transformer design for switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It provides three key points: 1) The product of transformer area (Ac) and peak flux density (Aw) determines its VA rating, while other parameters have fixed magnitudes. 2) SMPS transformers have different voltage and flux waveforms than utility transformers due to different circuit topologies. Representative waveforms are analyzed to illustrate the design procedure. 3) For a transformer with square-wave voltage and bipolar flux, the turns ratio is determined based on the operating input voltage range. The peak flux is calculated from the maximum input voltage and operating frequency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    5 - L-25 (DP) (Pe) ( (Ee) Nptel)

    Uploaded by

    Chark
    15 views1 page
    The document discusses transformer design for switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It provides three key points: 1) The product of transformer area (Ac) and peak flux density (Aw) determines its VA rating, while other parameters have fixed magnitudes. 2) SMPS transformers have different voltage and flux waveforms than utility transformers due to different circuit topologies. Representative waveforms are analyzed to illustrate the design procedure. 3) For a transformer with square-wave voltage and bipolar flux, the turns ratio is determined based on the operating input voltage range. The peak flux is calculated from the maximum input voltage and operating frequency.

    Original Title

    5_L-25(DP)(PE) ((EE)NPTEL)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses transformer design for switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It provides three key points: 1) The product of transformer area (Ac) and peak flux density (Aw) determines its VA rating, while other parameters have fixed magnitudes. 2) SMPS transformers have different voltage and flux waveforms than utility transformers due to different circuit topologies. Representative waveforms are analyzed to illustrate the design procedure. 3) For a transformer with square-wave voltage and bipolar flux, the turns ratio is determined based on the operating input voltage range. The peak flux is calculated from the maximum input voltage and operating frequency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views1 page

    5 - L-25 (DP) (Pe) ( (Ee) Nptel)

    Uploaded by

    Chark
    The document discusses transformer design for switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It provides three key points: 1) The product of transformer area (Ac) and peak flux density (Aw) determines its VA rating, while other parameters have fixed magnitudes. 2) SMPS transformers have different voltage and flux waveforms than utility transformers due to different circuit topologies. Representative waveforms are analyzed to illustrate the design procedure. 3) For a transformer with square-wave voltage and bipolar flux, the turns ratio is determined based on the operating input voltage range. The peak flux is calculated from the maximum input voltage and operating frequency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    For the given operating frequency (f) the product ‘Ac Aw’, known as area product is roughly

    proportional to the VA rating of the transformer as other parameters have nearly fixed
    magnitudes.

    25.2 Derivation of Design Equations for SMPS Transformer


    The nature of voltage and flux waveforms in SMPS transformers is different from that of utility
    transformer. Moreover SMPS circuits of different topologies generate different kinds of winding
    voltages (and hence the flux-linked waveforms) and need to be considered separately.

    In this section some representative voltage and flux waveforms have been taken up and through
    them the transformer design procedure has been illustrated.

    25.2.1 Transformer with Square-Wave Voltage and Bipolar Flux


    Fig. 25.2 shows the typical winding voltage and core-flux waveform produced by one of the
    popular SMPS topologies that utilizes a H-bridge converter to get high frequency ac voltage
    from the dc input. The primary side of the SMPS transformer is connected to the H-bridge output
    and the secondary side voltage is rectified and filtered to get regulated dc output voltage of
    desired magnitude. The transformer windings carry bi-direction current and the flux linking the
    windings is also bipolar. The input dc bus voltage is unregulated and often varies over a large
    range. The duty ratio ‘D’ of the switches is controlled within 0<D<0.5 to regulate the output
    voltage. The mean of the rectified secondary side voltage, under steady state and after accounting
    for voltage drops in the rectifier diode and filter inductor, equals the desired load voltage and can
    be assumed fixed to the output voltage ‘Vo’. However under dynamic condition, which may arise
    due to sudden change in load or supply voltage, the mean (dc) output voltage on the secondary
    side may be significantly higher than its steady state magnitude. For calculation of peak flux in
    the core, the worst-case condition will correspond to maximum duty ratio (D=0.5) and maximum
    magnitude of input voltage. The worst-case current through the windings will correspond to
    maximum duty ratio (D=0.5) and peak magnitude of output (load) current. Now the transformer
    may be designed as per the design steps given below:

    (i) Determination of primary to secondary turns ratio (NP/ NS):- This can be found from
    the knowledge of operating range over which the input dc voltage may vary. Let the
    input voltage vary from Vmin to Vmax. With minimum input voltage ‘Vmin’ and duty
    ratio ‘D’ = 0.5, the magnitude of square-shaped secondary side voltage should equal
    (Vo + VR), where VR is the estimated voltage drop in the transformer winding, output
    rectifier and filter circuit under maximum load condition. The transformer turns ratio
    can thus be estimated to NP/ NS = Vmin /(Vo + VR). The actual number of turns in the
    windings will be found as shown below in step (v).
    (ii) Determination of peak magnitude of flux in the transformer core: As per above
    discussion, the maximum flux in the core will correspond to a square wave voltage of
    magnitude Vmax across the primary winding (refer to Fig. 25.2 with D=0.5). The
    frequency of voltage waveform ‘f’(=1/T) is same as the frequency at which the
    converter switches are turned on and is fixed beforehand. Now by simple integration
    of the square wave voltage waveform, the peak flux ‘ φm ’ is related to the input
    voltage as, Vmax = 4.0 f φm NP = 4.0 f Bm Ac NP ---------------------------(25.5)

    Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 5

    You might also like