12

Tr
ends,Networ
ks,
andCri
ti
calThi
nking
st
i
nthe21 Century

Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
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Tr
ends, Networks,andCri
ti
calt
hinki
nginthe21stcent
ury–Gr
ade12
Al
ternati
veDeliver
yMode
Quarter2–Modul e3: Neur
alandSocial
Networks
Fi
rstEditi
on,2020

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eEmbor ong(EPS-
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 12
Tr
ends, Networksand
Cr
it
icalThinki
ngi nt
he
st
21 Cent ury

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1
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 2
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 3
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 3
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 5
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 5
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 6
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 7
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 20
PostTest ……………………………………………… 21
KeytoAnswers ………………………………………………. 22

2
 Modul
e1
Tr
endsandPatt
erns
WhatINeedt
oKnow

Tr
ends,Net worksandCr i
ti
calThinki
ngi
nt he21stCent
uryasacourse,ai
ds
l
earnersin developi
ng cri
ti
caland cr eat
ivet
hinki
ng ski
ll
s– essent
ialtool
sf or
deci
sionmaki ngandunder standi
ng“ ethi
csofcare”.I
tisalsoherewhereglobal
tr
endsi nthe21stcent ur
yareexami nedandar eeit
heracceptedorr
eject
edona
soundsetofcr i
ter
ia.

Animpor t
antski l
lthaty oumustequi py ourselfas21stcenturyl
earnershoul
d
beonidenti
fyingt rends.Ast echnologycontinuet oupgr adefrom ti
met otime,new
tr
endsal
sodev elop.Itisthereforeverynecessaryt hatyouasal earnermustbeable
tokeepyourselfabr eastonhowt rendsarecr eated,howt heyinf
luencedpeopleand
howaretheyshapi ngoursoci ety
.

Furt
her
,thi
smodul
epr ov
idesoppor
tuni
ti
esf
orst
udent
stodi
scov
erpat
ter
ns
andext
ractmeani
ngsf
rom emergi
ngtr
ends.

Thismodul
ehasseven(7)lessons:
 Lesson1- Diff
erenti
ati
ngTr endfrom Fad
 Lesson2- Processinspot t
ingaTr end
 Lesson3- ElementsthatmakeupaTr end
 Lesson4- Characteri
sti
csofaTr end
 Lesson5- Identi
fyi
ngPar t
sofaWhol e
 Lesson6- Emer gi
ngPat t
ern
 Lesson7- CausesandConsequences

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

Af
tergoingthrought hi
smodul e, youareexpectedt o:
1.Diff
erentiateat r
endfrom af ad.
2.Explai
nt hepr ocessonhowt ospotat r
end.
3.Pointoutt heelementst hatmakeupat rend.
4.Describet hediff
erentcharacter
ist
icsofat r
end.
5.Identi
fypar t
sofawhol e.
6.Identi
fyandexpl ainanemer gingpattern.
7.Identi
fycausesandconsequences.

3
 Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions
Toachi
evethecompet enciesoft hi
smodul e,completethef ol
lowing:
1.Under standandf ollowt hei
nstructi
onscarefull
y .
2.Accompl i
sht hepr e-testtoidenti
fyyourpreparednessaboutt helessonsin
t
hismodul e.
3.Refery ouranswer st othegivenanswerkey .
4.Readeachl essonanddoact i
vit
iesprovi
dedf oryou.
5.Demonst ratet heact i
vit
iestoguideyouincompr ehendingthelessons.
6.Taket hesel f-testaftereachlessontoassessy ourunderstandi
ngoft he
t
opics.
7.Answert hepost -
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egainedf r
om the
t
opics.

WhatIknow
Di
rect
ions:Answerwhati
sasked.Wr
it
eyouransweronasepar
atesheetofpaper
.

1.Whichoft hefoll
owingst atementi sTRUE?
a) At rendisbasical l
yapat ternorconcept uali
zedideathathast hepat
ter
nof
prov i
dingorhav ingacont ai
ninginfl
uence.
b) Thewor ds“fad”and“ trends”aret hesame.
c) At rendisgener all
yconsi deredaqui ckandshor tbehaviour.
d) Af adi sonethatev olvesintoal ongt er
m orev enpermanentchange.
2.Thefol
lowi ngareexampl esofTRENDexceptone.
a) SamsungCel lphone c.Ball
pen
b) Jeans d.LadyGagaHai r
cutStyl
e
3.Whichoft hefoll
owingst atementi sFALSE?
a) Thewor ds“fad”and“ trends”aret hesame.
b) Af adi sgeneral
lyconsi deredaqui ckandshor tbehavior.
c) At rendisonet hatev olvesintoal ongterm orevenper manentchange.
d) At rendisbasical l
yapat ternorconcept uali
zedideathathast hepat
ter
nof
prov i
dingorhav ingacont ai
ninginfl
uence.

Fornos.4-7,i
denti
fythefoll
owingifi
tisatrendorafad.
a.Trend b.f
ad
4.I
thasal ong-t
ermi nf
luenceonthefutur
eoft hemarket
.
5.I
thasl owerstayi
ngpower .
6.I
tisat emporaryeventusual
lycall
edasa“ fl
ashi
napan” .
7.I
tri
sessl owl
yov erti
me.

8.Theonl
yconst
anti
nourwor
ldi
s__
___
.

4
 a) Product c.power
b) Change d.money .
9.Whi
choft hefoll
owingyouthi
nkisnotachar
acteristi
cofat rend?
a) Durati
onoftime c.cul
turalbasis
b) Acceptabi
li
ty d.ti
mely
10.A____isseri
esofdatathatr
epeat
sinarecognizableway .
a) Patter
n c.image
b) Symbols d.signs

Fornos11-15,identi
fyi
fthefol
lowi
ngst atementi fTRUEorFALSE.
a.TRUE B.FALSE
11.VivoY12cellphonemodel i
sanexampl eofaf ad.
12.Androi
dcellphoneisanexampleofat rend.
13.Trendenjoysalongperiodofpopularit
y .
14.Fadsareideasthatareroot
edont hepeopl e’scult
ural
tradi
ti
on,
bel
i
efandv
alues.
15.Trendisdeterminedbyanemot i
onal need.

5
 Dif
fer
enti
ati
ngTrendfr
om Fad
_
___
___
___
___
_____
____
___
_____
___
Lear
ningConcept

Hel loourbel ov edl ear ner.Wewar ml ywel comey out oourv eryf irstlessonf or
st
oursubj ectTr ends, Net wor ks, andCr i
ticalThi nki ngint he21 Cent ur y.Int hisl esson,
youwi llbeabl et odef inet rendsandf adanddi ffer
ent i
atet hem.Letusst artby
definingt rend.A t rendi sbasi callyapat ternorconcept ual izedi deat hathast he
prospectofpr ovidingorhav ingacont inui ngi nf l
uencef oral ongerper i
odoft imedue
toi ncr easing and cont inuing pr esence and ef fect.Though some consi dert he
term trend  equivalentt o fad, af adi sgener allyconsi deredaqui ckandshor tbehav ior
wher easat rendi sonet hatev olv esi ntoal ongt erm orev enper manentchange.
Thewor ds" fad"and" tr
end"ar esomet imesusedi nter changeabl y. Howev er
,
fadscanbedi stingui shedf rom t rendsi nt hr eeway s:t hei rr easonf orr ise,t heir
i
ncubat ionper iodandl i
fespan,andt hei rscope.Fadst endt ohav eahugesur gei n
popul arity,andt hendi sappear . 
Incont rast ,trendshav eexpl ainabl er ises,andar e
dri
venbyf unct i
onal needs.  Tr endst endt or i
sei npopul aritymor esl owl y. Theyr eflect
deep- rooted human desi r
es and needs,whi lef ads ar e gener allydr i
ven byt he
emot ionalneedt opur chase.  
Thi semot i
onalneedcancomef r
om t hehy pet hat
surroundst hepr oduct .Tr endsr isesl owl yov ertime,butf ads’popul arityspi ke
quicklyandt heyendupdy ingoutj ustasqui ckly. 
Fadsmi ghtl astf orj ustweeksor
mont hs.Scopei sal soaf act or.At rendencompassessev er albr andsandpr oduct s
whichcanr eachal argev ar i
etyofpeopl e. A
fadt ypicallyencompassesj ustonebr and, or
product ,wi t
hl imited appealand anar row
scope.
Letusseei nt hecaseofacel lular
phoneormobi l
ephones.Samsungbr andf or
i
nst ancei san exampl eofat rend.I thas
beeni nt hemar ketf orqui teat imei nt he
count ry. Howev er, when t alking about
specificuni tormobi lemodel sofSamsung
phones,we ar e now deal i
ng wi th f ad.
SamsungS20modelappear st obef amous
uponi tsreleasebutaf teral imi tedt i
medue
to hi gh- mar ket compet i
tions wi th ot her Source:www.insi
ghts.ehotel
ier
.com
mobi lephones, anewmodelwi llri
seandt he
SamsungS20nowst artst of adepopul ar ityandwoul df urtherf or m par tofhi st ory.
Anot herexampl ei shai rcutst yles.Mal esar emostl ikel yconsi deredr egular
6
customerstosal onsorbar bershopswhent alkingabouthairtr
immingf orour
cul
tureistel
li
nguswehav etomai ntai
nshor thairthoughtodaysomel i
keitlong.
Butnonethel
ess,mal esvisi
tbarbershopmostof tenthanfemaledoes.Thehaircut
sty
le“barber
’scut”fall
sasat rendforitdoesnotf adeovert
ime.Whil
esomeot her
hair
cutstyl
esintr
oducedbyar ti
stsTVper sonali
tiesfal
lsunderfadforaftersome
ti
mepeopl ewouldnotev enrememberi texi
sted.

What
’sNew
Lear ni
ngAct iv
ity:TRUEorFALSE
Writ
etrueifthest at
ementaboutTr end/FadistrueandFal seift hestatementisnot
t
rue.Writ
ey ouransweronasepar atesheet.
__
_____
_ _
_1.Fadhasl owerst ay i
ngpower .
__
_____
_ _
_2.Tr endisat empor aryeventusuallycal l
edasa“ flashi napan” .
__
_____
_ _
_3.Tr endenj oy salongper iodofpopul arit
y .
__
_____
_ _
_4.Fadappear sinasi ngleindustr
yandr arelycrossesov erintoothers.
__
_____
_ _
_5.Fadenj oy sfewmont hsofunexpect edpopul ari
tyanddi sappear sjust
asqui cklyasi tappear s.
__
_____
_ _
_6.Tr endhasal ong-termi nfl
uenceont hef utureoft hemar ket.
__
_____
_ _
_7.Fadsar ei deast hatar erootedont hepeopl e’
scul turalt
raditi
on,beli
efs
andv alues.
__
_____
_ _
_8.Tr endisdet erminedbyanemot ional need.
__
_____
_ _
_9.Andr oi
dcel lphonei sanexampl eofat rend.
__
_____
_ _
_10.Vi voY12cel lphonemodel isanexampl eofaf ad.

What
’sMor
e

Det
ermineifi
t’
saTRENDoraFAD.Usesepar
atesheetf
ory
ouranswer
.
1.SamsungCel l
phone
2.LadyGagaHai r
cutSty
le
3.Jeans
4.Spaghett
i
5.AppleS11
6.Ball
pen
7.MagicBall
pen
8.Cake
9.2020FashionDress
10.Hi-
cutShoes

7
 LESSON

2
Spot
ti
ngTr
ends

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept
"
Thebestwayt
opredi
ctt
hef
utur
eist
ocr
eat
eit
."
 –Abr
aham Li
ncol
n
Theonl yconst anti nourwor ldi schange.Wear ef acingachanget hati s
becomi ngf asterandf ast erinmanyar eas,f orexampl et hroughdi gitization.Change
bri
ngsr i
sksandoppor tuniti
es.A changecanmeanar i
skf oracompanyi ft he
mar ketchangesandt her eisnol ongeraneedf oritspr oduct s.Butchangeal so
bri
ngsmanyoppor t
uni t
iesandpossi bi li
tiesf ornewi nnov ations.Ifacompanypl ay s
apr oact iverole,itcanhel pshapet hef uture,br i
ng  product s tomar kett hatmeett he
l
atestdemandsandar enotsur pr i
sedbydest ruct i
v echanges.
Thi si st he t ask oft rend r esear ch and  i
nnov ation management .Today ,
potential forthef utureist ober ecogni zedandsol uti
onsar et obedev elopedt hatwi l
l
beneededt omor r
ow.Thef utur ei sbei ngshapedi nsteadoft hef uturedoi ngt he
shaping.Butt hisrequi r
esgood,wel l
-foundedi nf ormat iononpossi blet rends,f uture
development s,andt heiref fects.
At r
endi sanassumeddev elopmenti nt hef utur et hatwi l
lhav eal ong-term
andl ast i
ngef f
ectonandchangesomet hing.Cur rentdev elopment sar emov ingi na
dif
ferentdi rectionori nt ensifyingev enmor e.Nut ri
tionalt rendsar eanexampl e.
Duringt he1960s,f attyf oodwaspar toft hequal i
tyofl i
fe.Today ,thet rendsar e
mov ingt owar dsheal t
hyeat ingandv egannut riti
on.Tr endsi nani ndust ryusual ly
havef ar -
reachi ngef fects.Nut ritionalt rends, f
orexampl e, arecausi ngchangesi nt he
ret
ail,cat eri
ng, touri
sm, l
ei sure,andagr icultural sect ors.
Butt hequest ioni s,how dowei dentifyt rends?To  spotat rend  i
st opr edict
whatwi llaccel erat
e.Accor di
ngt oSamuel( asci tedbyBr annon,2000) ,any t
hingcan
betrendsi fitunder goest hef ollowi ngst ages:

1.Fr
ingeStage
 Itisthestagewhereinnov
ati
onideacomesinwhet herintheform ofa
new pr
oduct,ser
viceorinotherfor
m.Itdevel
opsi ntothemar ketor
become known to mostpeople orcust
omer s.Entrepr
eneuri
aland
busi
nessf i
rmsstarttopart
ici
patedur
ingthisstaget odevelopand
i
nnovatei
deas.

2.Tr
endy
 Consumerand publ i
c awareness ofthe tr
end grows as the earl
y
adopter
s parti
ci
patet oget
herwitht he i
nnovatorstoincrease the
percept
ibi
l
ityofthet
rendisveryev
identi
nthisstage.

8
 3.Mai
nstream
 Conservati
veconsumer sjoi
nt het renddur i
ngt hi
sstage.Thei dea’
s
popular
ityandacceptancecont i
nuet oincr
easeandt hecor por
ati
ons
andcompanybr andsexpl
oitthegr owi ngdemandf ortheidea.Inthi
s
stage,t
het rendbecomesamai nstream productorservi
ce.Wheni t
happens,anumberoft hi
ngscanoccur .

What
’sNew
LearningAct i
vit
y:Befor
eandToday
Comparet hefi
rstev ermodelofcell
phonesoldinthePhili
ppi
nemar kett
othe
cel
l
phoneav ai
lableonourmar kettoday.Usepr imar
ysourcesl i
kephot ogr
aphs,
adver
ti
sements,and ot her promotionalmat er
ial
s as evidence to show the
devel
opmentofthistrend.Useseparatesheet.Seetabl
ebelowasy ourgui
de.

Cel
l
phoneBef
ore Cel
l
phoneToday

PasteCel
lphone 1.A great camera PasteCel
lphone
1.GPS navigation
PhotoHere 2. Plenty of storage PhotoHere
2.Buil-in pt
3.Long-lasting
battery

9
 LESSON
El
ement
sthatmakeupaTr
end
_
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__
3
_
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___
___
___
___
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___
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___

Lear
ningConcept

Fundament alEl ement sofTrends

Basi cNeeds
Wear eal lhuman.Tr ends–ar eulti
mat el
yr ootedinourbasi c,f undament al
,
rarely-i
f-
ever-changi nghumanneeds,want sanddesi res.Someexampl esi ncl
ude
creat i
vi
ty,self-
impr ovement,safety,st
atus.Identi
fyi
ngt hesebasicneedsanddesi res
i
sn’ trocketscienceorev endeepsoci alscience!Theyar etheforcest hathav ebeen
shapi ngper sonalandsoci alrelati
onsf orcenturi
esi fnotmi l
lennia.Thinkaboutt he
emot i
onsandpassi onsthatdrivecharactersinthegr eatwor ksofl i
terature.Orjust
l
istent opopul armusi corwat chanymov i
e.Thesamet hemescr opupagai nand
agai n,precisel
ybecauset heyaresouni versall
yrelev antandt i
mel ess. I
denti
fying
under lyi
ng human needsi scent ralto spot t
ing and/ orunderstanding consumer
trends.

DriversofChange
Ther e ar e no trends wi thoutchange.Sav vy and swi tched- on busi
ness
professionalsconst antl
yask, ‘what’
schanging? ’
andlookathowi tmi ghtbepossible
tobet t
erser v epeople’
sbasi chumanneedsandwant sinnov el,exci ti
ng–bet ter–
way s.Toanal yzechange,t hinkint er
msofShi f
tsandTr i
gger s.
 Shiftsaret helong-
term,macr o changes( suchasur bantransit
ion,aging populations,andcl i
mat e
change)t hatpl ayoutacr ossy earsorev endecades.Whi l
enotconsumert r
ends
themsel ves,theseshi f
tsdoandwi l
lconti
nuet oshapebot hthenat ureanddi r
ecti
on
ofconsumert rends.
 Tri
ggersar emor eimmedi atechangesthatdr ivet heemergence
ofa t rend.Thesecan i ncludespeci fi
ct echnologi
es,polit
icalev ents,economi c
shocks, env i
ronment ali
ncidents,andmor e.

Innovati
ons
I
nnov ations ar e not t r
ends but wi thout exampl es of cust omer-facing
i
nnov at
ionst appingi nt
oi t,atrendcan’ tbesai dtoexi stful
ly( i
t’
seit
heraf uturist’
s
fli
ghtoff ancyoranas- y et-
unvalidatedopportunity).Youcan’ tdescri
bet heriseof
the‘on-demandeconomy ’withoutt heexistenceandr api
dgr owthofser vi
cesl i
ke
UberorGr ab.Youcan’ thav eazoowi thoutani mals!So,thet hir
delementofev ery
trend isi nnov ati
ons:t he startups,new pr oducts,ser v
ices,experiences,and
campaignst hatareresolv i
ngpoi ntsofcustomert ensionandcr eati
ngnewl evelsof
customerexpect at
ion.
Thesecr etingredientoft rendsdoesnotr eallyrel
yonanyoft heabov e

10
elements.Rather,it
’sthetensioncr eatedast hethreeelementsint
eractwit
hone
another
.Thistensioncanbestbei denti
fiedbyunderstandi
ngcustomerexpect
ati
ons
andbylookingf orgapsbet weenwhatcust omerswant–bot hnowandi nthefutur
e
–andwhatt heyar ecurrentlybei
ngof fered.Under
standingthi
senablesyout ohit
thesweetspotoft rend-
driveninnovati
onwi t
hyournew of f
eri
ng–wheny oubeat
customers’expectat
ionsandr esolvethi
st ensi
on.

What
’sNew
Learni
ngAct i
vit
y:Howfutur
et rendmightl
ook?
Letussayyouhav ethepowertoforeseethefut
ure,
20year
sfrom now,
draw
anythi
ngy out
hinkwill
ormaybecomeat rend.Answerthegui
dequesti
onsbel
ow
yourdrawing,
Usesepar at
esheet.

Gui
dequesti
ons:
1.Saysomet hingaboutyourdr
awing(purpose,
specif
icat
ions,
feat
ures,etc.)
.
2.Whydoy outhinkthi
swil
lbecomeat rendint
hefuture?
3.Whatmi ghtbet hepossi
bler
easonsitwill
fal
lasfad?

11
 LESSON

4
Char
act
eri
sti
csofaTr
end

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Ther
earesev er
alcharact
eri
sticsoftrendsbeingdiscussedorasi denti
fiedby
someaut hor
s.Somef ocusesonbusi nesses,marketi
ng, f
ashion,artsandev enupt o
popul
armusi c.Forthesakeofdi scussion,wewi lll
imitourchar acter
ist
icstof our
:
durat
ionofti
me, accept
abil
it
y,cul
turalbasisandtransit
oryincreaseofdecr ease.

1.Dur
ati
onofTi me
A basiccharacteri
sti
cofat rendisstayi
ngpower.It
sl ongerli
fespan
makesitdiff
erentf r
om f ad.It
spopular
it
yhasbeentest
edt hr
ought i
mes.
Product
sori deasconsi deredastrendmayst ayformanyy ear
sev en
decadeormor e.
Exampletothisist hesof tdri
nksbrandCokewhichi
solderthantheage
oftoday’
sschool chil
dren.

2.Acceptabil
it
y
A trend stayslonger because they r
eceive popul
ar supportfr
om
cust
omer sorconsumersespecial
lycompanieswhobeli
evesthatcr
eati
ng
moreitwill
giv
ethem moreprofit
.
Cokehasl ongbeeni nthePhi li
ppi
nemar ketbecausepeopleconti
nue
buyi
ngit.

3.Cul
turalBasi
s
Trendper si
stsandcont inuesbecausepeoplehaveseenitaspartofthei
r
societyorl i
ves.Wheny ouknow acertainproductorideai ssui
tedor
helpfult
oy ou,youcontinueusingandbeli
ev i
nginit
.
Likethecoke,i tr
emai nst obeinthemar ketbecausei
talreadyhasbeen
rooted to ourbel i
eft hata heav y
mealdur i
ng a birthday party and
otheroccasionswon’ tbecompl ete
withoutamout hfulburstofcoke.

4.Tr
ansitor
yincreaseordecr
ease
Trend also has t he potent
ialto
eventuall
yslow downordecl i
nebut
willneverfadeawayorl essitshal
l
12
 fal
lasfad.
Intoday’
stime,Coca-Colasaleshavegonedownespeci all
ydur ingt he
passageofanewt axref
orm whichaddsmor et axt opr oduct swi t
hmor e
sugarcont
ents.Butnonethel
ess,
cokere
Soma
ur i
n
ce:
hts
t
pso
:
/nmo
/www.
bs
ot
r
ef
dami
pa l
ndai
e
.
cos’
t
m/
2ab
1-
ll
oe
go.
-
ev
olut
ions

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
WhataTr
end!
Sit
uati
on
Imaginethewor l
d’sleadingmanuf actur
erofaut
omobilesrel
easesanewcar
modelal r
eadyav ai
labl
ei nt he mar ket
.A dual-power
ed engine carcapabl e of
operat
ingwithgasol
ineandsol ar.I
talsohasabui l
t-
inr
efr
iger
ator,adisco-l
ikel
ights
andsounds,andtir
esaref ul
lyrubberi
zedwi t
hnoneedofair.(
Usesepar atesheet)

Quest
ions:
1.Durati
onoftime:Whatdoy outhi
nkaret
hereasonsthatwil
lhi
nderi
tssal
e
i
nthemarket?
_
____
_____
______
_____
____
____
____
____
___
___
______
___
_ __
___
____
_____
___
___
_
____
_____
______
_____
____
____
_
2.Acceptabi
li
ty:
Wi l
lpeopl
erepl
acethei
rol
dcar?Whyorwhynot ?
_
____
_____
______
_____
____
____
____
____
___
___
______
___
_ __
___
____
_____
___
___
_
____
_____
______
_____
____
____
_

3.Cul
tur
albasi
s:wil
lyourpurchaseofthenew caraff
ectot
herindust
ri
es?
Whyorwhynot.Expl
ainyouranswer
.
__
____
___
____
_____
____
_ _
____
_____
___
____
___
___
_ __
___
____
___
___
__ _
____
____
__
____
___
____
_____
____
_ _
____
__

4.Transi
toryincrease or decrease:Ify ou arethe car deal
er,what
advert
isementwilly
ouusetoboostt hecarsal
es?
_____
_____
____
________
___
_____
_ __
_____
____
____
___
____
___
____
_____
____
___
_
_____
_____
____
________
___
_____

13
 LESSON
I
dent
if
yingPar
tsofaWhol
e

_
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___
__
5
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Whyar epar t
si mpor tant ?Thi nkaboutal lthet hingst hatar ear oundy our i
ght
now –t hechai r,thet abl e,andt hecarout side.Al loft hoset hi ngsar emadeupof
parts, somet imesaf ew( l
iket hepenci l besi demeont hedesk)andsomet imesmany ,
manypar ts(likethebuswher er i
di ngon) .Al lofitismadeupofsmal lerpar tst hatf it
togethert omaket hewhol e.I nter est i
ng,r ight?Butnotonl ymanmadeandnat ur al
object sar emadeupofpar ts.Abst racti nar esear chpaperal sohav epar ts,t oo.
Stories, mov ies,societ ies, rel igi
onsal lhav ecomponentpar ts.
What ’s
i
mpor tant about
knowi ngt hepar t
s?
Wel l
,i ft he par t
s
wereputt ogether
i
nadi fferentway ,
somet hing
diff
er ent woul d
result.Changeone
i
tem i nar ecipe
and y ou change Source:ht
tps:
//www. quora.
com/What-
is-
the-
name-of-
the-
black-
thi
ng-i
nsi
de-
the-
penci
l

thetast eofthemeal , right ?

Withinobject sandi deast hereexi stsaspeci alr elationshi pbet weent hepar ts
andt hewhol ethatmakest hewhol eobj ectwhati tis,t hatper mi tsitt of unct i
ont he
wayi tdoes.Consequent l
y ,tounder standsomet hing,y our eal lyneedt ounder stand
i
tspar tsandt heirrelat ionshi pst ot hewhol e.
I
magi neat housandwi thoutapeso?Akni f
ewi thoutahandl e?Acarwi t
hout
ti
resorwheel s?Ahousewi thnodoor sandal ifewi thoutl ov e?Hmmmm…Sounds
diff
icul tri
ght?Par t
smay bewor thnot hi ngbutwhenputt oget her , i
tbecomesofmor e
useandv alue.Justl ikei nl i
fe,i fy ouf ocussi mpl yonbeaut ifyingy ourf acewi t
hout
devel opingy ourhear t,mi ndandsoul ,y ouressenceandt r
uev aluewon’ tbeashi gh
asot her swhohav edev el opedal l par t
sandwel l
-bei ngofhi m asaper son.

14
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
tyIcanbeofhel
: ptoo.

Si
tuat
ion
Anew- designedschoolbagisreleasedi
nthemarket
.Foll
owi
ngtheel
ement
s
andcharacter
isti
cst hatmakeupat rend,li
stt
en(10)j
obswhichcanhel
ppromot
e
andmaket hebagt rendingonpeopl
e’
sey es.
1._ ___
_ _
_________
2.¬_ _______
__ _
____
3._ ___
_ _
_________
4._ ___
_ _
_________
5._ ___
_ _
_________
6._ ___
_ _
_________
7._ ___
_ _
_________
8._ ___
_ _
_________
9._ ___
_ _
_________
10.____
_ _
_________

What
’sMor
e
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Compl
eteMe!

Fi
l
lint
heblankt ocompl etet hethoughtorsentence.Usesepar atesheet.
1.Ahundr ed( 100)iswor t
hnothingwi t
houta_ _
______
_.
2.Acarwon’ trunwi t
hout_ ____
____.
3.Abir dcanf l
yt oalmostev erywherewiththeuseofi t
s_ ____
____.
4.Your_ ___
__ ___compl etesmyday .
5.Aschool cannev erbeaschool wit
hout_ __
______
__.
6.Ifnotbecauseof_ _________,
wecannev erhaveanicecr eam.
7.Christmaswi llneverbet hesamewi t
hout_______
___.
8.Becauseof_ _______wehav eadepar tmentstore.
9.Acel l
phonei susedt ocommuni catewithpeopleprovidedithasa_ __
___
___
.
10.
Oursuncompl et
est he_ __
____system.

15
 LESSON

6
Emer
gingPat
ter
n

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

A pattern isaser i
esofdat at hatr epeat sinar ecogni zableway .Itcanbe
i
dent i
fiedi nt hehi st oryoft heassetbei ngev al
uatedorot herasset swi t
hsi milar
charact eri
sti
cs.Pat t
er nsof teni ncludet hest udyofsal ev olume,aswel laspr i
ce.
Patterns can occurwi thin a downwar d orupwar dt rend,  
ort heycan mar k t
he
beginningofanewt rend.
I
nMat h, weal l knowt hat10comesaf tert heser ies2, 4,6,and8.Aneggwhen
properlyi ncubat edwi llsoonhat ch.Buthow abouti nt rends?Cany out ellofany
emer gingpat terns?Letusl ookatani cecr eam.Weknowpeopl ewhocanaf f
ordcan
buyi tatany ti
meoft heday .Butdoy ouhav eanyi deawhatspeci fi
cmont hsi nthe
count r
yt heirsal esar edoubl edi fnott r
ipled?WhenCOVI D19( CoronaVi rus2019) ,a
pandemi cwho hav eaf fected notonl yt hePhi li
ppinesbutal so othercount ries
wor l
dwi de.Whatgoest rendaf ter?Ont heinter net,allnewsandheal t
hv iewswer eall
tal
kingabouti t.Lat er,allthi ngsassoci atedf orhumanpr otecti
onagai nstt hev ir
us
suddenl ybecomeat rendyt hing.Demandswer erelat i
vel yhighwhi chr esult
edt o
pri
cehi ke.
I
ncel l
ularphones,NOKI A wasat rendi ngbr andbef oreint hePhi l
ippines.
Suddenl y,anewsy stem cal ledandr oidcomesi ntosyst em.Peopl ebegunt oli
keand
l
ov eit.NOKI Adi dnotembr aceoradopt edt henewsy stem andr emai nedwi thwhat
theyal readyhav e.Theyoughtt obel i
ev ethatt heyal readyhav eest ablishedt heir
namei nt hemar ket.Lat er,NOKI Awentbankr uptandot hercel lul
arphonebr ands
usingandr oidbecameamoneymakeri nt hemar ket.Whatdoy ouknow af ter
androidwi l
lbecomeat r
endi tem ori deai nthef utur
e?

Int el
evi
sions(TV) ,i
fwear etocompar eTVs’ofourgrandparentbef or
ethan
TVsi nourgener ati
ont oday,doy ouseeadiffer
ence?Cert
ainl
y,ther
ei s.Howabout
i
ncar s, wasther
eachangei nmodel s?Ofcourse,y
es!Butwhatdoy out hinkwasthe
reasonwhymanuf acturersfrom ti
met ot i
mekeepsonchangi ngt heirproduct
s?
Theyhav etodoupgradi nginordertosat
isf
ytheneedsandwant softheircustomers
orclients.Inonewayoranot herwecalltel
lthatanemergingpat t
er nintrendwill
mostl ikelybeassociatedtowhathumant hi
nkstheyneed.

Sonow,doyoural
readyseewhatemergi
ngpat
ter
nswoul
dbecomet
rendy
dur
ingChr
ist
mas?Howaboutduri
ngsummer?

16
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
tyNowIknowwhat
: ’snext
!

Complet
ethetabl
eusingthegi
venexample.Usesepar
atesheet
.
Whatusual
lydoyouexpectwil
lgot
rendi
ng?(giveatl
east3each)

Possi
bleEmer
gingTr
endPat
ter
n(Pr
oduct
s,goods,
ser
vices,
etc.
)

Ex.Al
lSoul
’
sDay 1.Candl
es
2.Fl
ower
s
3.Hal
l
oweenCost
umes

A.Rai
nySeason 1.
2.
3.

B.Chr
ist
masSeason 1.
2.
3.

C.Summer 1.
2.
3.

17
 LESSON

7
Ident
if
yingCausesand
Consequences
_
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Lear
ningConcept

Causeandconsequenceshav ebeenr ootofallconver

sati
onscommont oall
famil
iesandgroups.Attimeswear eshakenbypr oblems,weuset oaskourselves
aboutthecauseofi t.Sometimesbl amingotherswoul dbemostoft her ecourse
thoughthatshouldnotbecasef orwear eal
lresponsi
bleofourownact .Thenlater
wef i
ndourselv
esdecidi
ngov erourexist
ingprobl
em wi t
houtt
hinkingofthepossible
consequencest hatwewi l
lsufferorencount erlat
er.Tounder standcausesand
consequences,l
etusstudythesituat
ionsbel
ow.

CAUSE

Marywhoalwaysescapedcl
assesnev
er
Shemissedmanyofhercl
ass,
pret
ty
madeittograduat
ionday.Whatdoyou
sur
eshegotfai
led.
t
hinkwasthecause?

Johnhadfeeli
ngsforherf
ri
endGina.He
hadthi
sforsolongbutneverexpr
essed
i
ttoGina.Theyremainedfr
iendst
il
lold. Johnnev
ert
oldGi
naofhi
sfeel
i
ngs.
Theyhavechancetobesweethear
ts,but
i
tdidn’
thappen.Why?

Josefaisv eryfond ofcandies and

Becauseshewassofondofcandi
es
sweets.Shelostallherteet
h several
andsweets.Shepr
obabl
yhadsuff
ered
months lat
er.Why did she l
ose her
toot
hdecay.
teet
h?

CONSEQUENCE

Mario knows there wi

l
lbe l ong t
est
tomorrow,henev erbothered st
udy
ing
Hesur
elywon’
tgetahi
ghscor
e.
his notes. What i s t he possi
ble
consequence?

18
Henrybakesthebestcakeintown,one
dayhedecidedtoaddmoresugartohis Probabl
ydecr
easeinsalesfori
twi
l
l
bestsel
lercake.Whatdoy outhi
nkwil
l changetheol
ddeli
cioustast
e.
happentohisfut
uresal
es?

Becausei twasunt i
dy,Janedeci
dedto
cov erthedrainagebesidethei
rhouse
Fl
oodingwil
lsoonbet
her
eut
most
though she knows a heav yrainis
concern.
forecasted to come. What i s the
possibleconsequence?

19
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Youmadet
hecause,
embr
acet
heconsequences.

Thi
nkoft
hepossi
blecauseandconsequenceoft
hef
oll
owi
ng:Usesepar
ate
sheet.
Possi
blecauseof Possi
bleconsequences
Tr
end
pr
oducti
on/i
nvent
ion notrel
atedtocause

Ex.Sol
ar-
power
edcar Hi
ghPr
iceofPet
rol Salesofgasol
i
neoper
ated
carmightdecr
ease

1. I
nver
ter Ai
r
condi
ti
oni
ng

2.Ar
ti
fi
ci
alRi
ce

3.Labour
erRobot

WhatIhav
elear
ned

 Fadhaslowerstayi
ngpower,atempor
aryeventusuallycall
edasa“ f
lashi na
pan”
.Itappear
sinasingl
eindustr
yandrar
elycrossesov erint
oot her
s.I talso
enj
oysfewmont hsofunexpect
edpopul
ari
tyanddi sappearsjustasqui cklyas
i
tappears.

 Trendenjoy
sal ongperi
odofpopulari
ty.Tr
endsarei
deasthatar
erootedon
thepeople’
scultur
altradi
ti
on,beli
efsandv al
ues.I
talsohasal ong-t
erm
i
nfluenceonthefut
ureofthemarket
.

 St
agesAll
TrendsUnder
goes
o Fri
ngeStage
o Trendy
o Mainstr
eam

 Fundament alElement
sofTr
ends
o BasicNeed
o DriversofChange
o Innov at
ions

 Char
act
eri
sti
csofTr
ends

20
 o durat
ionoftime
o acceptabi
li
ty
o cul
turalbasi
s
o tr
ansitor
yincreaseofdecr
ease.

 Weneedt
ounder
standt
hepar
tsandt
hei
rrel
ati
onshi
pst
othewhol
e.

 A 
pat
ter
n i
saser
iesofdat
athatr
epeat
sinar
ecogni
zabl
eway

 I
nonewayoranotherwecallt
ellt
hatanemergingpat
ter
nint
rendwi
l
lmost
l
i
kel
ybeassoci
atedtowhathumanthi
nkstheyneed.

1. Assessment

MULTIPLECHOI CE:
Di
rect
ions:Answerwhati
sasked.Wr
it
eyouransweronasepar
atesheetofpaper
.

Fornos.1-4,i
denti
fythefoll
owingifi
tisatrendorafad.
a.Trend b.f
ad
1.I
thasal ong-t
ermi nf
luenceonthefutur
eoft hemarket
.
2.I
thasl owerstayi
ngpower .
3.I
tisat emporaryeventusual
lycall
edasa“ fl
ashi
napan” .
4.I
tri
sessl owl
yov erti
me.

5.Whichoft hefoll
owi ngstatementi sTRUE?
a) At rendisbasi call
yapat ternorconcept uali
zedideathathast hepatt
ernof
pr ov i
dingorhav ingacont ai
ningi nfl
uence.
b) Thewor ds“ f
ad”and“ trends”ar et hesame.
c) At rendisgener all
yconsi deredaqui ckandshor tbehav i
our.
d) Af adi sonet hatevolvesintoal ongt erm orev
enper manentchange.
6.Whichoft hefoll
owi ngstatementi sFALSE?
a.Thewor ds“fad”and“ tr
ends”ar ethesame.
b.Af adi sgener all
yconsideredaqui ckandshor tbehavior.
c.Atr endi sonet hatev ol
vesi nt
oal ongt erm orevenpermanentchange.
d.Atr endi sbasicallyapat t
ernorconcept ual
izedideathathast hepat
ternof
provi
di ngorhav i
ngacont ai
ningi nfl
uence.
7.Theonl yconst antinourwor l
di s_____.
a.Product c.power
b.Change d.money .
8.Thefollowi ngareexampl esofTRENDexceptone.
a.SamsungCel lphone c.Ballpen
b.Jeans d.LadyGagaHai r
cut

21
 Styl
e
9.Whichofthefoll
owi
ngyouthi
nkisnotachar
acteristi
cofatrend?
a.Durati
onoftime c.cultur
albasi
s
b.Acceptabi
li
ty d.ti
mely
10.A____isseri
esofdat
athatr
epeat
sinarecognizableway.
a.Patter
n c.image
b.Symbols d.signs

Fornos11-15,identi
fyi
fthefol
lowi
ngst atementi fTRUEorFALSE.
A.TRUE B.FALSE
11.VivoY12cellphonemodel i
sanexampl eofaf ad.
12.Androi
dcellphoneisanexampleofat rend.
13.Trendenjoysalongperiodofpopularit
y .
14.Fadsareideasthatareroot
edont hepeopl e’scult
ural
tradi
ti
on,
bel
i
efandv
alues.
15.Trendisdeterminedbyanemot i
onal need.

22
Keyt
oAnswer
s

23
 12
Tr
ends,Networksand
Cri
ti
calThinki
ngin
st
the21 Cent ur
y

Quar
ter1–Module2:Str
ategi
c
Anal
ysisandI
ntui
ti
veThi
nking

Thisinstructi
onalmat eri
alwas col l
aborat
ivel
y devel
oped and revi
ewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr ivateschools,col
legesanduni ver
sit
ies.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducationstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepartmentofEducatonatact
i ion@deped. gov.ph.

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
ecommendat
ions.

Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

23
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 25
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 25
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 25
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 25
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 26
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 28
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 30
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 35
PostTest ……………………………………………… 36
KeytoAnswers ………………………………………………. 38

24
 Modul
e2
St
rat
egi
cAnal
ysi
sandI
ntui
ti
veThi
nki
ng
WhatINeedt
oKnow
St r
ategicanaly sisi sapr ocesst hati nvolvesr esear chinganor gani zati
on's
businessandoper ati
ons.I tsobj ectiv
ei st ofor mul atest rategicpl anningf ordeci sion
maki ngandsmoot hwor kingoft hator ganizat i
on.St rategicanal ysi
si sext remely
analyti
calandr ati
onal .Whi l
ei nt
ui t
ivethinkingi saf eeli
ng( asense)t hat doesn' t
 use
rat
ional processessuchasf actsanddat a.
Inawor l
dfullofupsanddowns, especi al
lywhenl i
fei sdr aggingusback, how
doy ouhandl et hi
ngs?Howdoy ousol veapr obl em?Howdoy oudeci deov erthings
which need i mmedi ate deci sion-maki ng? Was t he r esultposi ti
ve and on y our
advantage?Ori twasnotasexpect ed?Quest i
onsl i
ket hesemakeust hinkofour
capabili
tiesindealingwi thourdaybydayl i
fe.Forev enaquest i
ononwhet hert ogo
topar t
yornoti sat hingt haty oumustt hinkanddeci deoft hor oughly .
Thi smodulewi l
l helpy ouexpl oret hekeyconcept sont opi csthatwi llhelpy ou
answert hequest i
onsper tainingt oSt r
ategi cAnal y
si sandI ntuiti
veThi nking.
Thi smodulehast hree( 3)lessons:
 Lesson1- Different i
atingSt rategicAnal ysi sandI ntuiti
v eThinking
 Lesson2- Appl yingSt rategicAnal ysis
 Lesson3- I
nt uiti
v eThi nkinginSol v
ingPr obl em

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

Af
terundergoingthrought hismodule,youarel i
kel
yt o:
1.Expl ai
nst r
ategicanal ysi
sandintui
ti
vet hi
nking
a.Def inestrategicanal
ysisandintuit
ivethinking
b.Di ff
erenti
at ekeycomponent sinstrategicanalysi
sandint
uiti
vet
hinki
ng.
2.Appyst rat
egicanal ysi
s.
3.Appl yintuit
ivethinkinginsol
vingapr oblem int hecommunityusingamapof
socialnetworks.

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachiev
et hecompetenciesofthismodule,
compl etethef
oll
owing:
1.Understandandfoll
owt hei
nstr
ucti
onscareful
ly
.
2.Accompl isht
hepre-testtoidenti
fyyourpreparednessaboutthelessonsi
nthi
s
module.
3.Referyouranswerstot hegiv
enanswerkey .

25
4.Readeachlessonanddoact ivi
tiespr
ovi
dedforyou.
5.Demonstrat
etheactivit
iest
ogui deyoui
ncompr ehendi
ngthelessons.
6.Takethesel
f-t
estaftereachlessontoassessyourunder
standi
ngoft hetopics.
7.Answerthepost-
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhavegai
nedf r
om thetopics.

WhatIknow
MULTIPLECHOI CE
Dir
ecti
ons:Readandunder standeachi
tem andchoosetheCAPI
TALl
ett
erofy
our
choi
ce.Writ
eall
y ouranswersonasepar
atepieceofpaper
.

1.Itisapr ocesst hatinvolv esr esearchi nganor ganizat i

on’sbusi nessandoper ati
ons.
a) Intuit
ivet hinking c.cri
tical t
hinking
b) St r
ategicanal y si
s d.analy ti
calthinking
2.Whi choft hef ollowingst atementi sTRUEaboutst rategicanal ysis?
a) St r
ategicanal y si
si sext remel yanal y
ticalandnotr ational .
b) St r
ategicanal y si
si sext remel ynotanal yti
cal andnotr ati
onal .
c) St r
ategicanal y si
si sext remel yanal y
ticalandr at i
onal.
d) St r
ategicanal y si
si sext remel ynotanal yti
cal andr ational .
3.At ypeoft hi
nki ngwhi chi saf eeli
ng(asense)t hatdoesn’ tuser ationalprocess
suchasf actsanddat a.
a) Intuit
ivet hinking c.cri
tical t
hinking
b) St r
ategicanal y si
s d.analy ti
calthinking
4.INTUITI VETHI NKI NGI SFASTTHI NKI NG.Whi chi snotTRUEi nthest atement ?
a) Youmadeasnapdeci si onusi nganyi ntel
lectual analy si
s.
b) Yout rust edy ourguti nat oughorawkwar dsituat i
on.
c) Youusedy ourinst i
nct sorphy si calr
eflexesinapot ent i
all
ylifeordeat h
scenar io.
d) Youdon’ thav eaf eeli
ngaboutent er
ingapl aceorsi tuationt hatyoucoul d
notdef inet hatsomet hingi swr ong.
5.Thisissi mplyt heactofbr eaki ngdowndat aintousef ul i
nfor mat i
on.
a) Intuit
ivet hinking c.cri
tical t
hinking
b) St r
ategicanal y si
s d.analy ti
calthinking
6.SWOTanal ysisi sast rategicpl anningmet hod.Whatdoy oumeanbySWOT?
a) St r
engt hs, Weakness, Oppor tuni ti
es,Threats
b) St r
engt hs, Wil
lingness, Openness, Ti
mel y
c) St r
engt hs, Wil
lingness, Open- mi nded, Threats
d) St r
engt hs, Weakness, Open- mi nded, Threats
7.Whi choft hef ollowingi sNOTast rat egicplanningmet hod?
a) SWOT c.CBA
b) PEST d.SWABt est
8.Whi choft hef ollowingst atementi sTRUE?
26
 a) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
ngi saf eeli
ng( asense)t hatdoesn’ tuserationalprocesssuch
asf actsanddat a.
b) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
ngi snotmor eoni nstinctori mmedi at
ereact i
on.
c) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
nghasnocont rastingqual iti
es.
d) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
ngi sf ocused, andl i
near .
9.PESTstandsf or ?
a) Politi
cal,Economi c,Soci al, Thi nki
ng
b) Politi
cal,Economi c,Soci al, Technol ogi cal
c) Power ,Economi c, Soci al,Technol ogi cal
d) Power ,Economi c, Soci al,Thi nking
10.Whichoft hef ollowingi sNOTTRUE?
a) SWOT- Strength, Weakness, Oppor t
uni ties, Thr eats
b) PEST- Political
,Economi c,Soci al,
Technol ogi cal
c) CBA-Cost ,Benef i
t,Anal ysis
d) CEA-Cost ,Economi c, Anal ysi s
11.Whichoft hef ollowingdescr ibest hement al at tribut esofstrategicanal ysi
s?
a) Unconsci ous c.Wi thhi ghef fortbutslowi nact i
on
b) Impl i
cit d.Notr at ional
12.Whichoft hef ollowingdoesnotdescr ibest hement alatt
ri
butesofI ntuit
ive
thi
nki
ng?
a) Unconsci ous c.Wi thl owef fortbutaut omat i
cinact ion
b) Impl i
cit d.r ational
13.Whichoft hef ollowingdescr ibest hef unct ional attributeofintuit
ivethinking?
a) Practical c.Theor et ical
b) Anal yt
ical d.Sequent i
al
14.Whichoft hef ollowingdescr ibest hef unct ional attributeofStrategicanal ysi
s?
a) Anal yt
ical c.nott heor etical
b) NotPr act ical d.notsequent ial
15.Whichisnott rueint hest atement ?
a) Strategicanal ysisisapr ocesst hati nv olv esr esear chi
nganor ganizati
on’s
businessandoper ations.
b) Strategicanal ysisisext r
emel yanal ytical andr at i
onal.
c) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
nghascont rast ingqual i
ties.
d) Int
ui t
ivethi nki
ngi saf eeli
ngt hatuser at ional pr ocesses.

27
 LESSON Dif
ferent
iat
ingStr
ategi
c

1
Analy
sisandIntui
ti
veThinki
ng
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Wheni tcomest osolv i

nganev er
yday,pr
acti
calpr obl
em,shouldtheproblem
beappr oached anal y
ticall
yori nt ui
ti
vel
y?When onel eadsawor kt eam toward
achi
evingapr ojectdeadl i
neormakesadeci si
onaboutwher etoatt
endcoll
ege,will
anal
ysisori nt
uit
ionleadt oabet tersolut
ion?Shouldonef ocusontheprosandcons
oftwoal t
ernati
ves,identifytherelevanti
nformati
on, andsolvetheprobl
em logi
call
y,
orisitbettertorelyonani ntui
ti
v eapproachinwhi chonet rust
sone’sfeel
i
ngsand
hunchesaboutt hesituation?

Letusr
eadsomef
act
ssowecanf
urt
herdi
ff
erent
iat
est
rat
egi
canal
ysi
sfr
om
i
ntui
ti
vethi
nki
ng.

 Strategi canal ysis isapr ocesst hati nvolvesr esear chinganor ganizat i

on' s
businessandoper ations.
 Strategi canal ysis isext remel y 
analyt i
cal 
andr at i
onal. 
 Strategi cAnal ysisi sapr ocessofr esear chont hebusi nessenv i
ronment
withinwhi chanor ganizat i
onoper at esand,ont heor gani zation,itself,in
ordert of ormul at est r
ategy .
 Strategi ct hinking:Thi st ypeof  
thinking usesanal yti
cal thinking  t
ocr eat e
solutionst opr obl ems.
 Analy tical 
thinki ng: Thisi ssimpl ytheactofbr eaki ngdowndat ai ntousef ul
i
nfor mat ion.
 Ment alat t
ributesofSt rat egicAnalysisi ncludebei ngconsci ous, explicit,i
n
control ,withhi ghef fortbutsl owonact i
on, rat
ional ,
reflect ive,anduni quel y
humans.
 Funct ionalat tr
ibut esi ncludebei nganal ytical,theor et
ical ,sequent i
al,r ule-
based, analy ti
cal andi slinkedt ogener al i
nt ell
igence.
 SWOT Anal y si
si s a st rategic pl
anni ng met hod used t o ev aluatet he
Strengt hs, Weaknesses, Oppor t
uniti
es, andThr eatsinvol vedi na  projector
i
nabusi nessv ent ur e.
 PEST Anal ysis( Pol it
ical,Economi c,Soci al
,and Technol ogical)as a
strategi c planni ng met hod exami nes t he ef fects ofr elevantext ernal
factorsort hemacr oenv i
ronment alfactors, onwhati sbei ngdeci dedon.
 CBA( Cost -
Benef itAnal ysis)asast rategicpl anni ngmet hodi sapr ocess
ofcal culatingt hest r
engt hs( benef i
tsoradv antages)andweaknesses
(cost,di sadv ant ages)ofeach oft he al ternat i
ve sol utions t o a gi ven
28
 probl
em inmonet aryv al
ues.
 CEA( Cost-
Effecti
venessAnal y
sis)asast r
ategicplanningmet hodisused
forweighi
ngt hest rengthsandweaknessoft healternat
ivesint hegiv
en
probl
em.
 SEUAnal ysi
s( Subjectiv
eExpect edUt i
l
ity
)isast rategicplanningmethod
whichexami nesaDeci sionTheory,thediscipl
inethatprov i
desar at
ional
frameworkforchoosi ngbet weenalter
nativ
ecour sesofact i
onwhent he
consequencesr esulti
ngfr om t
hechoiceareimper f
ectlyknown.
 

 Intuitivet hinking  i
saf eeli
ng( asense)t hatdoesn' tuser ationalpr ocesses
suchasf act sanddat a.
 Intuitivet hinking:I t'
smor eofani nst i
nctori mmedi ater eaction.Ty picall
y,
no' thinking' isinv olved.
 Intuiti
v et hinking has cont rast ing qual i
ti
es:i tis unf ocused,nonl inear,
cont ains" no t i
me, "seesmanyt hi ngsatonce,v iewst hebi g picture,
cont ainsper spect ive,ishear tcent ered,or i
ent edi nspaceandt i
me,and
tendst other eal orconcr et e.
 Intuiti
oncomesi ntoi t
sownwher eanal yt
icalt hinkingi si nadequat e:under
timepr essur e,wher econdi tionsar edy nami c,wher et hedi fferentiati
on
betweenobser v erandobser v edi suncl ear.
 Heur i
sti
csar ement alshor tcut sort hinkingmaneuv erst hatenabl et he
deci sionmakert omakequi ckj udgment s,ev aluations,ordeci sionsof t
en
bysi mpl ifyingot her wisedi fficul tpr oblemsort asks.
 Ment alat t
ributes i nI ntuitive Thi nki ng include bei ng unconsci ous or
preconsci ous,i mpl i
cit,aut omat i
ci n act i
on,wi t
hl ow ef fort,r apid or
automat ic,exper i
ent i
al,impul siveandi sbeingshar edwi thani mal s.
 Funct ionalat tr
ibut esofi nt uiti
v et hinki ngincludebei ngpr actical,concr ete,
par all
el,heur isti
c, holisti
c, andi ndependentofgener al i
nt ell
igence.

29
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Wear
etwodi
ff
erentt
hings
DIRECTIONS:Below arewordsandphraseswhichdescri
besthementaland
funct
ionalatt
ri
butesofIntui
ti
veThinki
ngandSt r
ategicAnal
ysi
s.Det
ermi ne
whichwor dsorphrasesisexcl
usi
velyf
orInt
uit
iveThinki
ngandforSt
rategic
Analy
sis.Usethetableofcompari
sonbelowtoserv
easagui dei
nanswering.
Useseparatesheet.
Rapi
d Sl
ow Heur
ist
ic

I
mpl
i
cit Shar
edwi
thani
mal
s Ex
per
ient
ial

Uni
quel
yhuman Unconsci
ous Aut
omat
ic

Consci
ous Cont
rol
l
ed Sequent
ial

Hi
ghef
for
t Expl
i
cit Rat
ional

Par
all
el Lowef
for
t Rul
e-based

TABLEOFCOMPARI
SON

I
ntui
ti
veThi
nki
ng St
rat
egi
cAnal
ysi
s

(
Ment
al&Funct
ional
Att
ri
but
es) (
Ment
al&Funct
ional
Att
ri
but
es)

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7. 7.

8. 8.

9. 9.

30
 LESSON

2
Appl
yi
ngSt
rat
egi
cAnal
ysi
s

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Lear
ningConcept

Youar emostl ikelytosucceedi nlif

ei fyouf ul
lyusey ourtalentsandskil
ls.
Similarly
,y ou'
l
lsuf f
erfewerpr oblemsi fyouknowwhaty ourweaknessesare,andif
youmanaget heseweaknessessot hattheydon' tmat teri
nt hewor kandev ery
decisiont hatyoudo.
So how ar ey ou goi ng t
oi denti
fyt hesest rengthsand weaknesses,and
analyzingt heoppor t
unitiesandt hreatsthatf l
owf rom t hem?SWOTAnal ysi
sasan
exampl eofst rategi
cplanningmet hodi sausef ultechniquet hathel
psy oudothis.
SWOTExampl e
Letusr eview theSWOTanal y
sisofMar ia,af reshcol legebusinessadmi ni
strat
ion
graduat ewhoai msofst art
ingalaundr yshopi nt heircommuni t
y.

Str
engths
 Ther
ei snoexist
ingl
aundryshopinourcommunit
y.
 Ther
ear ealotofemployeesandcol
legest
udent
swhom sur
elywi
l
lbeneedi
ng
assi
stancei
ndoi ngt
heirl
aundry
.

Weaknesses
 Areaonwheretoputt
heshopisast
ruggl
eandcosti
ssur
elyhi
ghatstr
ategi
c
places.
 Financi
almat
ter
shastobeconsi
der
edinpur
chasi
ngwhati
snecessar
yandwhat
isnot.

Oppor
tuni
ti
es
 Att
endi
ngabar angayf
orum wi
llhel
pmeint
roducemyshop.
 Ihavef
riendswhoarewil
li
ngandablet
ohel
pmewi thmyshop.

Thr
eat s
 Pe oplemightnotli
ketheideaspeci
all
ywhentheyareusedt
owashi
ngthei
r
clothesbyt hemsel
ves.
 Th ecurrenteconomiccl
imatemayhinderpeopl
efrom comi
ngi
ntomyshop
speciall
ythatitsummerandmostst udent
sareonbreak.

 Asar esul
tofperfor
mingthi
sanalysi
s,Mariat akesthebol
dst epof
appr
oachi
ng peopl
e whom she bel
i
eves can help heri
n st
art
ing her

31
 busi
ness.Byworki
ngasat eam,t
heyhav
egr
eat
erchancest
omaket
he
busi
nessint
ogr
eaterhei
ght
s.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:SWOTAnal
ysi
s
Si
tuat
ion
Yourbossi
splanni
ngtobuil
dorput-
upadepartmentstor
eoramal l(e.
g.Gai
sanoor
SM)inaf arfl
ungmunici
pal
it
yandy ouar
etasktodoresearch.Now,completethet
ableon
SWOTAnal ysi
sbel
ow.Givetwoanswersf
oreach.Usesepar
atesheet
.
SWOT YourFi
ndi
ngs

St
rengt
hs 1.
2.

Weaknesses 1.
2.

Oppor
tuni
ti
es 1.
2.

Thr
eat
s 1.
2.

32
 LESSON
I
ntui
ti
veThi
nki
ngi
nSol
vi
nga

3 _
_
Pr
_
obl
_
___
_
em
__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Lear
ningConcept

Inwhatspeci
fi
cevent
sofyourl
i
fedoy
ouuseint
uit
ivet
hinki
nginsolv
ingyour
pr
oblem?Wasy ourdeci
sionri
ght
?Befor
emovi
ngon,l
etusrecallfi
rstf
actsabout
i
ntui
ti
vethi
nki
ng.

 I
NTUI
TIVETHI
NKI
NGI
SFASTTHI
NKI
NG
 Youmadeasnapdecisi
onwithoutusi
nganyintel
lect
ual
anal
ysi
s
 Yout
rust
edy
ourguti
natoughorawkwardsi
tuat
ion
 Youusedy
ouri
nst
inct
sorphy
sical
ref
lexesi
napot
ent
ial
l
yli
feordeat
h
scenar
io
 Youhadaf
eel
ingaboutent
eri
ngapl
aceorsi
tuat
iont
haty
oucoul
dnotdef
inet
hat
somet
hingwasnotqui
ter
ight
 Yout
rust
edy
ouri
ntui
ti
onatt
het
imebuti
ttur
nedoutt
haty
oumi
sreadt
he
sit
uati
onandgoti tall
wr ong
 Int
uit
ivethi
nki
ng greatl
yenhances pr
oblem sol
vi
ng byhel
pingto
bri
ng probl
ems i
ntoclearerfocus,
byprovi
dingmoreimaginati
veand
meaningfuli
nsi
ghtsinto probl
ems,andbyst i
mulat
ingmorecreati
veand
eff
ectiv
esoluti
ons.

Letust
rytost
udyt
hesi
tuat
ionsbel
owanddet
ermi
nedhowi
ntui
ti
vet
hinki
ng
wasusedinsol
vi
ngthepr
obl
em.

Si
tuat
ion I
ntui
ti
veDeci
sion
Mari
asawherboyf
ri
endt
alki
ngt
ohi
sex- Rightthen,
shebrokeupwi
thher
gi
rl
fr
iendatt
hepar
k. boyfri
endfor5years.

Mari
opunchedPedrowhenhesawhi m
Mar
iowit
hwethandswaselect
rocut
ed
l
aughi
ngnotknowingthatPedr
owas
whi
l
epluggi
ngt
heelect
ri
cfan.
hav
ingfunt
imewithherchatmate.

33
Li
t t
leJaneaskedforanicecream t
oher
Thebr ot
herhidhersist
ersf
avori
tedoll
olderbrot
herbutwasnotgi v
en.Aft
er
onlytofi
ndoutlateri
twashisfatherwho
somet ime,t
hebrotherfoundouthi
sice
fi
nishedtheicecream.
cream lef
tov
erwasmi ssingatthef
ri
dge.

What
’sNew
LearningActi
vi
ty:Whodoy out hi
nk?
I
ntui
ti
vethi
nkingisf astandusesinst
inctsr
ight?Nowl etusseehowqui ckwoul
dyoudeci
de.
Whodoy outhinkshoul dbeblamedaboutcer t
ainproblemsorcondi
tionsbel
ow?Bespeci
fi
c
wi
thyouranswer s.Useseparatesheetforyouranswer.
Situati
on Personst
obebl amed

1.Garbageorwastei
sscat
ter
ed A.
ever
ywhereinthecommuni
ty.
B.

2.Cut
ti
ngcl
assesi
nacer
tai
ncommuni
ty A.
hi
ghschool
.
B.

3.Soci
aldi
stanci
ngi
nachur
ch. A.

B.

4.I
ll
egal
par
kingofmot
orcy
cles. A.

B.

5.Teenagepr
egnancy
. A.

B.

34
 WhatIhav
elear
ned

 Str
ategi
canal
ysi
si sapr ocessthatinv
olvesr esearchinganor gani
zat
ion's
busi
nessandoperati
ons.It
sobjecti
veist oformul at
est r
ategi
cplanni
ngf or
deci
sionmaki
ngandsmoot hworkingofthatorganizati
on.

 Str
ategi
canaly
sis i
sapr ocesst
hati
nvol
vesr
esear
chi
nganor
gani
zat
ion'
s
busi
nessandoperati
ons.

 St
rat
egi
canal
ysi
s i
sext
remel
y 
anal
yti
cal
 andr
ati
onal
. 

 Mentalat
tri
but
esofSt
rat
egi
cAnalysi
sincl
udebei ngconscious,expl
i
cit,i
n
cont
rol
,wit
hhighef
for
tbutsl
ow onacti
on,rat
ional,r
efl
ect
ive,anduniquel
y
humans.

 Functi
onalattr
ibut
esincl
ude bei
ng analy
t i
cal
,theor
eti
cal
,sequent
ial
,rul
e-
based,anal
yti
calandi
sli
nkedt
ogeneralintel
li
gence.

 Int
uit
ivethi
nki
ng 
i
saf eel
i
ng(
asense)t
hatdoesn'
tuser
ati
onalpr
ocesses
suchasfact
sanddat
a.

 Int
uitivet
hinking:I t
'smor eofaninsti
nctori mmediatereacti
on.Typi
cal
ly
,no
'
thinking'
isinvolved.

 Ment alattr
ibutes i nIntui
ti
ve Thinki
ng incl
ude being unconsci
ous orpre-
conscious,implicit,automati
cinact i
on,wi t
hlow effor
t,rapi
doraut omati
c,
experient
ial
,impul siv
eandi sbeingsharedwithani
mal s.

 Functi
onalattr
ibutesofintui
ti
vethinki
ngi ncl
udebei
ngpr acti
cal
,concr
ete,
paral
l
el,heur
ist
ic,hol
ist
ic,
andindependentofgener
ali
ntel
l
igence.

35
 2. Assessment

MULTIPLECHOI CE
Dir
ecti
ons:Readandunderstandeachit
em andchooset
heCAPITALLETTERofy
our
choi
ce.Writ
eallyouranswer
sonapi eceofpaper
.(1poi
nteach)

1.Whi chi snott ruei nt hest atement ?

a.St r
ategicanal ysi
si sapr ocesst hatinv olvesr esear chinganor ganizati
on’s
businessandoper ations.
b.St r
ategicanal ysisisext remel yanalytical andr ational .
c.Intuit
ivethinki nghascont rast i
ngqual i
ties.
d.Intuit
ivethinki ngi saf eel ingt hatuser at i
onal processes.
2.Whi choft hef ol l
owi ngdescr ibest hement alat tri
but esofst rategicanal ysi
s?
a.Unconsci ous c.Wi t
hhi ghef fortbutsl owi nact i
on
b.Impl i
cit d.Notr ational
3.Whi choft hef ollowingi sNOTTRUE?
a.SWOT- Strengt h,Weakness, Oppor tunities, Thr eats
b.PEST- Political,Economi c, Soci al
,Technol ogi cal
c.CBA-Cost , Benef it,Anal ysi s
d.CEA-Cost , Economi c, Anal ysis
4.Itisapr ocesst hatinv olvesr esear chinganor gani zat ion’sbusi nessand
operations.
a.Intuit
ivethinki ng c.cr i
ti
cal t
hinking
b.St r
ategicanal ysis d.anal yticalthinking
5.At ypeoft hinkingwhi chi saf eel i
ng(asense)t hatdoesn’ tuser ationalprocess
suchasf actsanddat a.
a.Intuit
ivethinki ng c.cr i
ti
cal t
hinking
b.St r
ategicanal ysis d.anal yticalthinking
6.Thisi ssimpl yt heactofbr eaki ngdowndat aint ousef ul informat i
on.
a.Intuit
ivethinki ng c.cr i
ti
cal t
hinking
b.St r
ategicanal ysis d.anal yticalthinking
7.Whi choft hef ol l
owi ngst at ementi sTRUEaboutst r
at egi canal ysis?
a.St r
ategicanal ysi
si sext r
emel yanalytical andnotr ational .
b.St r
ategicanal ysisisext remel ynotanal yti
cal andnotr ational .
c.Strategicanal ysi
si sext r
emel yanal ytical andr ational .
d.St r
ategicanal ysisisext remel ynotanal yti
cal andr at i
onal .
8.INTUI TIVETHI NKI NGI SFASTTHI NKI NG.Whi chi snotTRUEi nt hest atement?
a.Youmadessnapdeci sionusi nganyi ntellect ual anal ysis.
b.Yout rustedy ourguti nat oughorawkwar dsi tuat ion.
c.Youusedy ouri nst i
nct sorphy sicalreflexesi napot enti
al l
yl i
feordeat h
scenar i
o.
d.Youdon’ thav eaf eelingaboutent eri
ngapl aceorsi tuationt haty oucouldnot
definethatsomet hingi swr ong.

36
9.Whichoft hef ollowingi sNOTast rategi cpl anni ngmet hod?
a.SWOT c.CBA
b.PEST d.SWABt est
10.PESTst andsf or?
a.Polit
ical,Economi c,Soci al,Thinki ng
b.Polit
ical,Economi c, Social,Technol ogi cal
c.Power ,Economi c, Soci al,Technol ogi cal
d.Power , Economi c, Social,Thinki ng
11.SWOTanal ysisi sast rategicpl anni ngmet hod.Whatdoy oumeanbySWOT?
a.Strengths, Weakness, Oppor tunities, Thr eat s
b.Strengths, Wi l
li
ngness, Openness, Ti mely
c.Str
engt hs, Wi l
li
ngness, Open- mi nded, Thr eats
d.Strengths, Weakness, Open- minded, Threat s
12.Whichoft hef ol l
owi ngdescr ibest hef unct ional att
ributeofi nt uit
ivethinki
ng?
a.Practical c.Theor eti
cal
b.Analy t
ical d.Sequent ial
13.Whichoft hef ol l
owi ngdescr ibest hef unct ional att
ributeofSt rategicanalysis?
a.Analytical c.nott heor et
ical
b.NotPr act ical d.notsequent i
al
14.Whichoft hef ol l
owi ngdoesnotdescr ibest hement alatt
ribut esofI ntuit
ive
thi
nki
ng?
a.Unconsci ous c.Wi thl owef fortbutaut omat ici naction
b.Implicit d.r ational
15.Whichoft hef ol l
owi ngst atementi sTRUE?
a) Intuiti
v et hinkingi saf eeli
ng( asense)t hatdoesn’ tuser at ionalprocesssuch
asf act sanddat a.
b) Intuiti
v et hinkingi snotmor eoni nst i
nctori mmedi at
er eact i
on.
c) Intuiti
v et hinkinghasnocont rast ingqual iti
es.
d) Intuiti
v et hinkingi sfocused, andl i
near .

37
Keyt
oAnswer
s

38
 12
Tr
ends, Networksand
Cr
it
icalThinki
ngi nt
he
st
21 Cent ury

Quarter1–Modul
e3:
Under
standi
ngGl
obal
izat
ion

Thisinstructi
onalmat eri
alwas col l
aborat
ivel
y devel
oped and rev
iewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr ivateschools,col
legesanduni ver
siti
es.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducationstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepartmentofEducati
[email protected].
ph.

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
ecommendat
ions.

39
 Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 41
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 41
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 41
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 42
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 42
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 44
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 10
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 53
PostTest ……………………………………………… 54
KeytoAnswers ………………………………………………. 56

40
 Modul
e3
Under
standi
ngGl
obal
izat
ion
WhatINeedt
oKnow?

Gl obali
zation ist he pr ocess of  
interacti
on and integrati
on among peopl e,
compani es,or gani zations,and gov er nmental laround thewor ld.Asacompl ex
phenomenon, gl
obal izationi sconsi der edbysomeasaf orm ofcapi t
alistexpansi on.
Accor dingly,itent ail
st hei ntegrationofl ocalandnat i
onaleconomi esi ntoagl obal ,
unregul ated mar keteconomy .Today ,globalizati
on hasgr own duet o adv ances
i
n transpor t
ati
on and  communi cati
on  technol ogy. Wi t
h t he i ncreased gl obal
i
nter actions comes t he gr owt h of i nternati
onal t
rade, 
ideas, and  culture.
Global i
zat i
oni spr imar il
yaneconomi cpr ocessofi nteracti
onandi ntegr ati
ont hat '
s
associ atedwi thsoci al andcul turalaspect s.
Howev er,conf li
ct s and  diplomacy  are also large par t
s oft he  hi
st ory of
gl
obal izat i
on, and moder n gl obal i
zation. Thi s has br ought t o many
misunder standingsandwor sthav er esultedt owarbet weenandamongcount ries.
Thi smodul ewi l
l helpy ouexpl or ethekeyconcept sont opicst hatwi llhelpy ou
answert hequest ionsaboutgl obalizat ionasawhol e.
Thi smodul ehasf our( 4)lessons:
 Lesson1- Ef fect sofGl obal izati
on
 Lesson2- I nterconnect edt hroughCol l
aborati
onandCooper ation
 Lesson3- Var iousPar tsofaWhol e
 Lesson4- Or i
gi natedf rom wher eIcamef rom

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

Af
terunder
goi
ngt
hrought
heact
ivi
ti
esi
nthi
smodul
e,y
ouar
emor
eli
kel
yto:

1.Explai
ntheconcreteef
fect
sofglobal
izati
onandtoone’
sdai
lyli
fe.
2.Explai
n t he need f or collabor
ati
on and cooper at
ion to achieve
i
nterconnect
ednessofpeopleandnati
ons.
3.Discussthedif
ferentcont
ri
buti
onsoft hepart
stoawhol eandt hecr
eati
ve

41
 i
magi nati
oni nputt
ingtogethert
hev ari
ouspart
sofawhole.
4.Il
l
ustratet he ori
gin ofthe diff
erentcomponents ofa gadget,busi
ness
enter
prise,indust
ri
al/t
echnologi
cal/agri
cul
tur
alpr
oduct
,etc.t
hroughami nd
mapandr efl
ecti
onessay .

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachi
evethecompet enciesoft hismodul e, complet
et hefol
lowing:
1.Under standandf ollowt heinstr
uctionscar ef
ull
y.
2.Accompl i
sht hepr e-t
estt oident i
fyy ourpreparednessaboutt hel essonsin
t
hismodul e.
3.Refery ouranswer st othegivenanswerkey .
4.Readeachl essonanddoact iv
iti
espr ov i
dedforyou.
5.Demonst ratet heact i
vi
tiestogui deyoui ncompr ehendi
ngt helessons.
6.Taket hesel f-testaf t
ereachl essont oassessy ourunderstandingoft he
t
opics.
7.Answert hepost -
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egainedfrom thetopics.

WhatIKnow

I
.MULTIPLECHOI CE
Di
rect
ions:Readandunder
standeachitem andchoosetheLETTERofy
ourchoi
ce.
Wri
teally
ouranswer
sonapi ecesheetofpaper
.(1poi
nteach)

1.Itist hepr ocessofinteracti

onandi ntegr
ati
onamongpeopl e,compani
es,
or ganizationsandgov ernmentallaroundt hewor ld.
a) global i
zati
on c.adapt ati
on
b) Encul turat
ion d.soci ali
zation
2.Whi choft hef ol
lowi
ngi snotconsideredasef fectofgl obali
zati
on?
a) Standar dofl i
vi
ng c.productlifecy cle
b) Qual it
yofl if
e d.mi ndset
3.Itist hestat eofbeingconnect edwitheachot her.
a) I
nt erconnect ed c.collabor ati
on
b) Cooper ati
on d.soci ali
zation
4.Thepr ocessofwor ki
ngt ogethert
ot hesameendi swhatwecal l
ed?
a) I
nt erconnect ed c.collabor ati
on
b) Cooper ati
on d.soci ali
zation
5.Itist heact ionofworkingwi t
hsomeonet opr oduceorcr eat
esomet hi
ng.
a) I
nt erconnect ed c.collabor ati
on

42
b) Cooper at i
on d.soci alization
6.Whatpar ti
cularcount ryt heAppl ebr andofacel l
phoneor igi
nat ed?
a) Uni tedSt atesofAmer ica c.Chi na
b) Japan d.Sout hKor ea
7.Amongt hemostusedbr andofcel l
phonei sSamsung, wher edoy outhinkit
or iginat es?
a) Uni tedSt atesofAmer ica c.Chi na
b) Japan d.Sout hKor ea
8.Jol libeei sver yf amousi nt hePhi l
ippinesf oriti sitspl aceofor i
gin,while
KFCi sv eryknowni nwhatcount ry?
a) Japan c.USA
b) Chi na d.Singapor e
9.Iti st hel evel ofweal thcomf ort
,mat eri
algoods, andnecessi ti
esav ai
lableto
acer tai nsoci o-economi ccl assi nacer t
aingeogr aphi carea.
a) St andar dofl i
v ing cpr oductl if
ecy cle
b) Qual ityofl i
fe d.global i
zation
10.I ti st hedegr eet owhichaper sonenj oyst hei mpor tantpossi bil
it
iesofhi s
orherl ife.
a) St andar dofl i
v ing cpr oductl if
ecy cle
b) Qual ityofl i
fe d.global i
zation
11.I ti st heper iodoft i
meov erwhi chani t
em i sdev eloped, broughtt omar ket
andev entual l
yr emov edf rom t hewor ldmar ket .
a) St andar dofl i
v ing cpr oductl if
ecy cle
b) Qual ityofl i
fe d.global i
zation
12.TonyTanCakt iongisoneoft hemostknownout standingFi l
ipino
ent r epr eneuri nt hePhilippineswhi chi sknownf orhi sproductknownas?
a) KFC c.SM
b) Jol libee d.Gai sano
13.Thef ol lowingar ethemeanswhywecoul dsaywear einterconnect edt o
eachot her,whi chamongt hesei sNOT?
a) Inter net c.Cellphones
b) Soci al Medi a d.play i
nggamesal one
14.Whati soneexampl eoft henegat i
veef fectofgl obal i
zationint hecount ry?
a) Ov er pr oduct i
onofpl asti
cwar esf orm chinaandhasbeenoneoft he
count ry ’spr obl em.
b) Dev el opmentofmar ket
c) St andar di zedway sofliv
ing
d) Impr ov ement sofest ablishment s
15.Oneoft hef ollowingisanexampl eofcauseandef fectofgl obalizati
on,
whi chonei sNOT?
a) Fr eet rade c.integr ationofEconomi es
b) Adapt at i
onofCul t
ure d.shr inkingwor ld

43
 LESSON

1
Ef
fect
sofGl
obal
izat
ion

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Lear
ningConcept
Global i
zat i
onhasbot hposi t
iveandnegat iveef fects.Onani ndi vi
duall ev el
,
global i
zat ionaf fect sbot ht hest andar dofl i
feandt hequal i
tyofl if
e.Onabusi ness
l
ev el,gl obalizationaf fect sanor gani zat ion' spr oductl ifecy cleandanor gani zat i
on' s
balancesheet .Gl obal izat ional soaf fect show gov er nment st hroughoutt hewor ld
creat epol i
ciesaf fect ingar eassuchasmonet aryr egul ationandt rade.Cul tural l
y ,in
thePhi l
ippines,Gl obal izat ioncanbecl ear l
ypor tray edonhow t eenager sl ov et o
wat chKor eanov elasandf or eignsongsaswel l.Wet endt oadoptt owhat ’
snewand
hotf rom ot hercount r
iest hatweal mosthav ecompr omi sedt hecul tureandcust oms
thatweal sohav e.
Indiv i
dual Effects
Onani ndi viduall ev el,gl obal izationhasaf fect edt hest andar dofl ifeand
qual it
yofl i
feofi ndi vidual sandf ami liest hroughoutt hewor ld. Standar dofl i
v i
ng  is
thel ev elofweal th,comf or t,mat er ialgoods,andnecessi tiesav ailablet oacer tain
soci o-economi ccl assi nacer taingeogr aphi car ea. Qual i
tyofl i
fe ist hedegr eet o
whi chaper sonenj oy st hei mpor tantpossi bil
iti
esofhi sorherl if
e.Inmanyi nst ances,
qual it
yofl if
ehasi mpr ov edf ort hosewhol iv
ei ndev elopingnat ions.Formany
dev elopi ngnat i
ons,gl obal izationhasl edt oani mpr ov ementi nst andar dofl i
v i
ng
throughi mpr ovedr oadsandt ranspor tat i
on,i mpr ov edheal thcar e,andi mpr ov ed
educat i
onduet ot hegl obalexpansi onofcor por ations.Howev er,gl obal i
zat ionhas
hadanegat iveef fectoni ndi vi
dual swhol ivei ndev elopednat ions.Thi si sduet ot he
factt hatcor porationsnowhav et heopt ionofest abl i
shi ngmanuf act uri
ngoper ations
i
nnat ionswher emanuf act ur i
ngandpr oduct i
oncost sar el essexpensi ve.Asar esul t
,
manymanuf acturingj obsl eav edev elopednat i
onsandmov et odev elopi ngnat ions.
Cor por ateEf fect s
Onacor por atel ev el, gl
obal izat i
onhashadanef fectonor gani zations' product
orser vicel if
ecy cle. Pr oductl i
fecy cl e 
ist heper iodoft imeov erwhi chani tem i s
dev eloped,br oughtt omar ketandev ent ual l
yr emov edf r
om t hewor ldmar ket .One
suchexampl eofgl obal izat ionhav ingaposi t
iveef fectonapr oduct '
sl ifecy clewoul d
bet heKi nderEgg.Ki nderEggsar eegged- shapedchocol atecandi eswi tht inyt oy s
i
nsi deandar ev erypopul arwi thchi ldr en.Howev er,duet ot hef actt hatt het inyt oy s
maybeachoki nghazar df orchi l
dr en,t heUni t
edSt atesbannedt hesal eoft hese
candi es.Howev er,duet ogl obal izat ion, theKi nderEggi sst il
lapopul arcandysol di n
Canadaandsev eral count ri
est hroughoutEur ope.
Mor eov er,gl obal i
zat ioncoul dhav eanegat iveef f
ectoncor por ation'sbal ance
sheet s.Anexampl eofgl obal izat ionhav inganegat iveef f
ectonacor por at i
on' s
balancesheetcanbef oundi nt hePhi l
i
ppi nei ndust ry .Fory ears,pl ast icwar esf rom

44
Asian nat i
ons l i
ke Chi na in
particul
arhascomei ntot he
Phili
ppines. This
plasticwares f r
om Chi na is
cheaper t
han t
he
plasticwares manuf actured
i
nt hePhi lippinesasweal l
know mat erials and l abors
arecheapal soinChi na.Asa
result, many cor porations
andor ganizat i
onst hatneed
plasticstomanuf acturet heir
goods pur chase t he Chi na
plastics ov ert he Phi l
ippine
plasticsinor dertodecr ease Sour
ce:ht
tps:
//sl
i
depl
ayer
.com/sl
i
de/
8413695/
theirownpr oducti
oncost .Thishadanongoi ngnegat i
veef fectont hebalance
sheet sofpl asticcompani esinthePhi
l
ippi
nes.

What
’sNew

Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
CauseandEf
fect

Dir
ect
ion:Completethecause-
and-eff
ectfamil
ytr
ee.Howdoesgl obal
i
zati
onaf f
ect
yourl
i
feandt heli
vesofmanyFili
pinostoday?Makeyouranswerbri
eforstr
aightto
t
hepoint.Useseparat
esheet.

45
 LESSON

2
Int
erconnect
edthr
ough
coll
aborat
ionandcooper
ati
on
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Lear
ningConcept

Doy oubeliev
ewear econnect ed?Yes,wecer tainlyare!Weal lhavet he
chancet obeconnect edwi t
honeanot herespeci all
yfrom peopl einothercountries.
Thankst osoci almediaandot heronli
neper i
pheralswear eabl etoseeatcl ose
thingswhi charereal
lyf
arfrom us.Weal soshar ethesameknowl edgeandt hought s
ofourr esearcheswhicharealreadyreadil
yav ail
ableonline.Thecar swehav ei
nt he
Phi l
i
ppi
nesar ealsothesamecarbr andacr osstheglobe.Thechocol atesmadef rom
theUnitedSt atesarethesamechocol atesweal sohav ei nourshelves.Wet r
av el
from onecount r
yt oanother.Wemayhav ethedi ff
erentski ncolorbutwear e
connectedbyf ai
thandl ongbeen,weal readybydonesomanycol l
abor at
ionand
cooperation.
Letusdef i
nethesethreeimpor t
antwor dsforclari
typur poses:

46
  Int
erconnectednessi
sthestat
eofbeingconnect
edwitheachother.
 Cooperati
oni sthepr
ocessofwor
kingtoget
hertothesameend.
 Coll
aborati
oni stheacti
onofwor ki
ngwi t
hsomeonet opr oduceorcr
eat
e
something.

Cooper ati
on among count ri
es can hel
p solvejointprobl
ems,and share
knowl
edgeandbestpr acti
ces.Cooperat
ionof
tenemergesaround3commonvect
ors:
 commonchal lengest hatext
end
bey ondnat i
onal borders;
 politi
cal,
cultural,rel
i
giousand
economi ccommonal iti
esthat
fosterintegrati
on;
 i
nter -
count r
yengagementi n
regionaland/ orglobal pr
ocesses.

I
n heal th, many count r i
es Source:https:/
/medium.com/ @ber atzf
idan/t
he-di
ff
erence-bet
ween-
exper i
encesi mi l
arheal t
hchal l
enges cooperati
on-and-col
laborati
on-4cda8868502f

andconcer ns.Cooper at ionamongcount riescanbeanef fect iv et oolt ost rengt hen,

shareandaccel er ateheal t
hdev elopmentwi thi ncount ri
esandacr ossr egi ons.I t
i
nv olvescr eating,adapt i
ng,t ransf erri
ngandshar ingknowl edgeandexper i
encest o
i
mpr oveheal th–whi l
eal somaki ngt hemostofexi stingr esour cesandcapaci ties.
Wor ldHeal thOr gani zat i
on( WHO)f acilit
atescooper at ionamongcount ri
esar ound
theirshar edchal lengesandconcer nst oachi ev epubl icheal thsol ut i
ons.Ov ert he
years, manyhav emadei mpor tantpol iciesinaddr essi ngshar edheal thgoal st hrough
cooper ationwi thot her s.
I
n educat i
on,count ryt o count ryhad been of fering t eacherand st udent
exchange pr ogr am wher ei
n par ticipant s are gi ven t he t ime and oppor tuni tyt o
exper i
enceont heki ndofeducat i
onbei ngof f
er edf r
om ot hercount ries.Thi si nt ime,
can bui ld benchmar king and somehow maygi ve chance t o adoptt o possi bl
e
changes al li nt he hope ofpr oviding qual ity educat ion.The Uni ted Nat ions
Educat ional,Scient ificandCul tur
alOr ganization( UNESCO)–i sv er yf aci l
itat i
veand
aimedatassi sting,suppor t
ing,andcompl ement ingt henat i
onalef fortsofmember
statest oeliminat e illi
ter acy andt oext endf reeeducat ionf oral l
.UNESCOal soseeks
toencour aget hef reeexchangeofi deasandknowl edgebyor gani zingconf erences
andpr ov i
dingcl ear inghouseandexchangeser v ices.
I
nenv ir
onment alpr otect i
on,wear et r
ulyi nterconnect ednessbyt hisspeci ally
whendeal i
ngaboutt hingst hatwecandowhent alki
ngaboutcl i mat echange.Heads
ofev erycount r
yar ewor kingcol l
abor ativelyinr e- assur i
ngt hatev ery bodyi swor king
towar dsenv i
ronment alpr otectionf orweal lknow i naaf actt hatweal lliv ei nt he
samepl anetcal ledear th.

What
’sNew

47
 Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Toget
her
,WeCan!

Makeanessayof100to150wordsonhow“
toget
herwecanchanget
hewor
ld”
.Use
separ
atesheetf
ory
ouranswer
.

_
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_
Ti
tl
e

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_

LESSON

3 Cont
t
ri
but
i
oaWhol
e
onsoft
hePar
ts

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__

Lear
ningConcept
“Thewhol eisgreaterthanthepar t
.”
Thequot eist ell
i
ngusabouthow
muchbet terthi
ngsar et ogetherthanas
pieces.Letussay ,arose.Thef l
oweri s
l
ov el
yitselfbutifonlyt her ootsandt he
restoft hestem isthere,chancesar ei t
s
beautyshoul dhav elastedmuchl onger.
Thisquot ealsoremindsust hatwhatone
cando,manycandobet ter
.Atl eastin
mostcases.Putt heopposi t
eway ,ifyou
Thei
mpor
tanceofat
ir
eint
heoper
ati
onoft
hecar
.
Sour
ce:
htt
ps:
//hi
stor
ygar
age.
com/
1904-
car
s-spar
e-no-
ti
res/
48
takesomethingthatwor ksandr emov esomeparts,it’
snotasusef ulasitwas.
Preci
sel
y,l
ikeacar ,havi
ngitcomplet
ei sgoodbuthavingitrunonhighwaywithit
s
wheelsmissi
ngi ssomet hi
ngy ouyoursel
fcoul
dnoti magine.Butputti
ngthatpart
backin,
thethingiswholeagain,andmuchmor eusefulthant hepi
l
eofpartsitwas
befor
e.
Whyisbeingpartoft hewholeimport
ant?

Anyonewi t
hmoder ni nvent i
onisnice,butusingaphonei npl acewi thout
electri
cityisn’tgoodf orverylong.I nhumant erms,t
hequot eisaboutbei ngmor eby
being par tofagr oup.Oneper son can do al ot
,butmor epeopl ecan dev ote
themsel vest odiff
erenttasks.Ast heoldsayinggoes,“
togetherwest and, divi
dedwe
fall
”.
I
fy ouaddy ourabi l
i
tyandy ourtal
ents,youshoulddoatl eastal it
tl
ebet t
er
thany ouwer ebef ore,andt hegr oupshouldal sobedoi ngbett
er.Thiscanal sobe
appliedt oy oursocialli
feaswel l.Oneper soncanhav eal otoffun,butsomet hings
arebet terinagr oup.Cheer i
ngf ory ourfav
oritespor
tsteam canbef un,buti t’
smor e
funwi thf riends.Thinkoft hedi ffer
encebet weensit
tingatacampf ir
eal oneand
hav i
ngf ri
endswi thy outoshar est ori
es.

Trylooki
ngatt hesuccessofaper soninyournei
ghbor
hood.Hissuccessi
sa
pr
oductofcol l
aborati
veeffortbyhim andt hepeoplehemetalongtheway–hi s
cl
assmates,fri
ends,teachers,coll
eagues,boss,l
ovedonesandofcour sebyt he
gr
aceofGod.Li key ou,y
ouar ethepersony ouarenowbecauseoftheexperi
ences
ei
thergoodorbadf rom t
hepeopl eyouhavedeali
ngsandencount
eredwit
h.

What
’sNew

Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Uni
tedWeSt
and!

Si
tuat
ion:

Yourfamil
ydreamsofbuil
dinganew,bi g,andel
eganthome.Tellwhateach
ofthefamilymember scanpossi
blycont
ribut
etomaket hedream possi
ble.Uset
he
successtableasyourgui
de.Useseparat
esheet.

Fami
l
yMember
s Cont
ri
but
ions Tar
get

You Dr
eam
Home

49
Fat
her

Mot
her

Br
other
/Si
ster

50
 LESSON

4
Or
igi
nat
edf
rom wher
eIcame

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_

Lear
ningConcept

Mostgadget sandot hertechnologi

calproduct
savai
labl
einourmarket
stoday
ori
ginat
edf r
om ot hercountries.ThechocolatebrandTobl
eroneisf
rom Swit
zer
land
andHer sheychocol ateisf rom t he
Unit
ed St ates of Amer i
ca. The
cell
phonebr andAppl eisal sof rom
theUnitedSt at
esofAmer icawhi l
e
Samsung or i
ginated from Sout h
Korea.Thefastf oodchainKFCal so
ori
ginat
edf r
om t heUnitedSt at
esof
Amer i
cawhilethemostpopul arfast
foodchainJol l
ibeeor i
ginatedf rom
thePhil
ippi
nes.

Letusl earnf r
om TonyTan
Cakt i
ong, bornonJanuar y5,1953,a
Fil
ipino bil
li
onai re businessman. He
i
s t he f ounder and chai rman
of Jolli
bee Foods Cor por ation,and
theco- chairmanof  
Doubl eDr agonPr opeJo
rtl
il
i
ebe
seor
. i
ginatedf rom Phi l
ippinesandnowhas
reachedsomepar tsoft hewor ld.
Tan was bor n t o Chi nese Source:https:
//www.
sli
deshar
e.net/
elpi
nchito/j
oll
ibees-gl
obal
-expansi
on-
i
mmi grantpar entsf r
om  Fujian.He s att
t
r
ae
t n
egded hi
y gh schoolat  
Chi ang KaiShek
Col l
ege andgr aduat edf rom t he Univer
sityofSant oTomas  wi thadegr eei n  chemi cal
engineer i
ng.Tanhadi nitiallyplannedan  i
cecr eam par lor  
whenhef oundedJol li
bee,
thenaddeddi shessuchas  hambur gers, 
frenchf ri
es, and  fri
edchi cken.
TonyTanCakt iongf oundedt hef astf oodchai n Jol l
ibee  in1978,af terhav ing
startedi tasani cecr eam par l
ori n1975.  Expansi onandacqui sit
ionof  Gr eenwi ch
PizzaCor poration enabl edi tt oenterthepi zza- past asegment .Inear ly2006,  Joll
ibee
FoodsCor porat i
on  boughtoutt her emai ningshar esofi tspar tner si nGr eenwi ch
PizzaCor poration,equi val entt oa20%st ake,f orP384mi ll
ioni ncash.  AsofAugust
2008,Tan' sJol l
ibeehasat otalof1, 480st or eswor ldwi dei ncl udi ng  Jol li
bee,  Red
Ribbon,  
Chowki ng, Greenwi ch,ManongPepe' sand  MangI nasal .

51
 What
’sNew

Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Traci
ngOr
igi
ns!

Printacopyordraw awor
ldmapandl
ocatetheor
igi
nofatl
east5automobil
e
brand/
company.Bel
ow t
hemap,maker
efl
ecti
onpaperusi
ngt
hefol
l
owingguide
questi
ons.

Sour
ce:
htt
ps:
//www.
ist
ockphot
o.com/
il
lust
rat
ions/
wor
ld-
map

Gui
deQuest
ions:
1.Whati faut
omobil
ewerenotsol
dordi
stri
butedtoothercountr
ies?
2.I
st hereaspeci
fi
ccountr
ywhohaveproducedthemostnumberofaut omobil
e
brands?
3.I
fanewaut omobi
lebr
andistobei
ntr
oduced,inwhatcountrywouldy
oulikei
tto
ori
ginateandwhy?

52
 WhatICanDo

Lear
ningact
ivi
ty:
Ref
lect
ionPaper

I
nnotl essthan100wordsbutnotmor et
han150wor ds,wri
tearefl
ect
ionpaperon
the ef
fects oflabormigr
ati
on iny ourrespect
ive communi
ty usi
ng the gui
de
questi
onsbelow.Usesepar
atesheet
.

GuideQuesti
ons:
1.Whydopeopl efr
om yourcommunityhavet
oworkfrom anot
herpl
ace?
2.Whatjobsaretheymostlyl
ookingf
or?
3.Arether
efamili
esaff
ected?
4.Shouldt
heychoosenott ol
eave,whatar
epossi
blei
ssues?

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tl
e

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53
 WhatIhav
eLear
ned

 Global
izat
ion 
i
st he pr
ocess of
 i
nter
act
ion 
and i
ntegrat
ion among peopl
e,
companies,or
gani
zat
ions,
andgovernmental
lar
oundt heworl
d.

 Gl
obal
i
zat
ioni
sconsi
der
edbysomeasaf
orm ofcapi
tal
i
stexpansi
on.

 Gl
obal
i
zat
ionhasbot
hposi
ti
veandnegat
iveef
fect
s.

 I
nter
connect
ednessi
sthest
ateofbei
ngconnect
edwi
theachot
her
.

 Cooper
ati
oni
sthepr
ocessofwor
kingt
oget
hert
othesameend.

 Col
labor
ati
oni
stheact
ionofwor
kingwi
thsomeonet
opr
oduceorcr
eat
e
somethi
ng.

 “
Thewhol
eisgr
eat
ert
hant
hepar
t.
”

 Onepersoncandoal
ot,butmor
epeopl
ecandev
otet
hemsel
vest
odi
ff
erent
t
asks.

 Ast
heol
dsay
inggoes,
“toget
herwest
and,
div
idedwef
all
”.

 Mostgadgetsandothertechnologi
calproduct
savai
l
abl
einourmar
ket
stoday
or
igi
nat
edf rom ot
hercount ri
esbutt hereareal
soalotmorethi
ngswhich
or
igi
nat
edf r
om thePhil
ippines.

54
 Assessment

MULTI PLECHOI CE.

Di
recti
ons.Readeachi tem car efully.Chooset hel etteroft hecor rectanswer .Wr i
te
t
heletterofy ourchoi ceonasepar atesheetofpaper .( 1pointeach)
1.Oneoft hef ollowingisanexampl eofcauseandef fectofgl obali
zat i
on, which
onei sNOT?
a.Fr eet rade c.i ntegr ationofEconomi es
B.Adapt at i
onofCul ture d.shr inkingwor l
d
2.Whati soneexampl eoft henegat iveef fectofgl obal i
zat ioni nt hecount ry?
a.Ov er pr oduct ionofpl ast i
cwar esfor m chi naandhasbeenoneoft hecount ry
’s
probl em.
b.Dev el opmentofmar ket
C.St andar di zedway sofl iv
ing
D.Impr ovement sofest ablishment s
3.Thef ol l
owi ngar ethemeanswhywecoul dsaywear ei nt erconnect edt oeach
other ,whi chamongt hesei sNOT?
a.Inter net c.Cellphones
b.Soci al Medi a d.pl ay inggamesal one
4.TonyTanCakt iongisoneoft hemostknownout standi ngFi l
ipinoent repreneur
i
nt hePhi l
ippi neswhi chi sknownf orhi spr oductknownas?
a.KFC c.SM
b.Jol libee d.Gai sano
5.Itist heper iodoft imeov erwhi chani tem i sdev eloped, br oughtt omar ketand
ev ent ual l
yr emov edf rom t hewor ldmar ket .
a.St andar dofl ivi
ng cproductl ifecy cle
b.Qual ityofl ife d.global izat i
on
6.Whatpar ticul arcountr ytheAppl ebr andofacel lphoneor igi
nat ed?
a.Uni tedSt atesofAmer ica c.Chi na
b.Japan d.Sout hKor ea
7.Amongt hemostusedbr andofcel l
phonei sSamsung, wher edoy outhi nkit
origi nat es?
a.Uni tedSt atesofAmer ica c.Chi na
b.Japan d.Sout hKor ea
8.Jol libeei sv eryf amousi nthePhi l
ippinesf ori tisi tsplaceofor i
gin,whi leKFC
i
sv er yknowni nwhatcount ry?
a.Japan c.USA
b.Chi na d.Si ngapor e
9.Itist hel ev el ofwealthcomf ort,mat eri
al goods, andnecessi tiesav ai
labl etoa
cer tainsoci o-economi cclassi nacer taingeogr aphi car ea.
a.St andar dofl ivi
ng cproductl ifecy cle
b.Qual ityofl ife d.global izat i
on
10.I tist hedegr eet owhi chaper sonenj oy st hei mpor tantpossi bil
it
iesofhi sor

55
 herlif
e.
a.St andar dofliv
ing cpr oductlif
ecy cle
b.Qual it
yofl if
e d.global i
zat
ion
11.Itisthepr ocessofinteracti
onandi ntegrati
onamongpeopl e,compani
es,
organizationsandgov ernmental l
aroundt hewor ld.
a.globalization c.adaptation
b.Encul turati
on d.soci al
izat
ion
12.Whi choft hef ol
l
owingi snotconsideredasef fectofgl obali
zati
on?
a.St andar dofliv
ing c.pr oductli
fecy cle
b.Qual it
yofl if
e d.mi ndset
13.Itisthest ateofbei
ngconnect edwitheachot her.
a.Interconnect ed c.col
labor at
ion
b.Cooper ati
on d.social
izati
on
14.Thepr ocessofworkingt ogethertothesameendi swhatwecal l
ed?
a.Interconnect ed c.col
labor at
ion
b.Cooper ati
on d.social
izati
on
15.Itistheact ionofworkingwi t
hsomeonet oproduceorcr eat
esomet hi
ng.
a.Interconnect ed c.col
labor at
ion
b.Cooper ati
on d.social
izati
on

56
Keyt
oAnswer
s

57
 12
Tr
ends, Networksand
Cr
it
icalThinki
ngi nt
he
st
21 Cent ury
Quar
ter1–Modul
e4:
ConsequencesofAct
iontoPl
anetar
y
Cli
mateChange

Thisinstructi
onalmat eri
alwas col l
aborat
ivel
y devel
oped and rev
iewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr ivateschools,col
legesanduni ver
siti
es.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducationstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepartmentofEducati
[email protected].
ph.

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
ecommendat
ions.

58
 Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 59
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 59
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 59
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 60
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 60
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 62
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 64
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 70
PostTest ……………………………………………… 71
KeytoAnswers ……………………………………………….

59
 Module4
ConsequencesofAct
iontoPl
anetar
y
Cli
mateChange

WhatIneedt oknow
Climatechangei st hegl obalphenomenonofcl i
mat etransformationwhich
aresai dt o bechar acterizedbyt hechangesi nt heusualcl i
mat eoft heEar th
regar
di ngtemper ature,precipit
ati
on,andwi ndt hatareespeciallycausedbyhuman
acti
vit
ies.Asar esultofunbal ancing t
heweat heroft heEarth,t he 
sustai
nabil
it
y of
the planet’
s ecosystems is undert hreat,as wel las t he stabili
tyoft he global
economyandt hefutureofhumanki ndingener al.
ClimateChangehasbeent hedef i
ningissueofourt i
meandwear eal
soata
defi
ningmoment .Withoutouract ionst oday,adapt i
ngt otheimpact sbroughtabout
bycli
mat echangewi llsurelybemor ediff
icultandcost l
y.
Thismodul ewi l
lhelpy ouexpl oret hekeyconcept sont opicsthatwillgui
de
youanswert hequest i
onsper t
aini
ngt oproblemsandi ssuesoncl imatechange.

Thi
smodul
ehasthree(3)l
essons:
 Lesson1- ConsumptionandProduct
ion:Eff
ect
sonCl
imat
eChange
 Lesson2- WeCanHel pSolveCli
mateChange
 Lesson3- YourActi
onAffectst
heEnv i
ronment

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives
Af
terunder
goi
ngt
hrought
hismodul
e,y
ouar
emostl
i
kel
yto:

1.Explai
ntheeffect
sofconsumptionandproducti
onpatt
ernsoncli
matechange.
2.Discusspersonal
cont
ribut
ionst
hatcanactuall
ysolv
etheprobl
em ofcl
imate
change.
3.Makeast andonhowt heconsequencesofone’sact
ionaff
ectt
heliv
esofother
s

60
 andt
heenv
ironment
.

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachievet hecompet enciesoft

hismodul e,compl et
ethefol
lowing:
1.Understandandfollowt heinst
ruct
ionscaref ull
y.
2.Accompl ishthepre-testtoidenti
fyy ourprepar ednessaboutt helessonsi nthis
module.
3.Referyouranswerst othegivenanswerkey .
4.Readeachl essonanddot heacti
vi
tiesprovidedf oryou.
5.Demonst rat
etheact iv
iti
estoguidey ouincompr ehendi
ngthelessons.
6.Takethesel f
-t
estaftereachlessont oassessy ourunderstandi
ngoft het opics.
7.Answert hepost-
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egai
nedf r
om thet opics.

Pr
etest
MULTIPLECHOI CE
Dir
ecti
ons:Readandunder
standeachit
em andchooset
heCAPI
TALLETTERofy
our
choi
ce.Writ
eyouranswer
sonapi eceofpaper
.

1.Itistheglobal phenomenonofcl i
matechanget ransf or
mat i
onwhicharesaidtobe
characteri
zedbyt hechangesi ntheusualcli
mat eoft heEarth.
a) Climat eChange c.mini ng
b) Defor estat i
on d.volcanicerupti
on
2.Thef oll
owi ngar ecausesofcl imatechange,whi choft hefoll
owingisNOT?
a) Cuttingdownoft r
ees
b) Changi ngt helandscapeoft hearea
c) Const ruct i
onofconcr etemateri
als
d) Collectinggar bage
3.Whi choft hef ollowingi snotconsi der
edasoneoft heeffectsofcli
matechangein
ter
msofconsumpt ion?
a) Scar cit
yoff ood
b) Lowf oodr esour ces
c) Highdemandsofcr opst obeharvested
d) Risingoft heseal evel
4.Accor di
ngt ot heNat ional OceanServiceoftheUSNat i
onalOceanicand
Atmospher icAdmi nistr
at i
on,therearesimplethingswecandot ohelpprot
ectthe

61
Earth,onei st heappl icationoft he4R’ s,whatdoy oumeanby4R’ s?
a) Reduce, Reuse, Recy cle, Refuse
b) Reduce, Ref resh, Reuse, Recycle
c) Ref use, Recy cle,Reuse, Reser ve
d) Reduce, Reuse, Recy cle, Reserve
5.Whi choft hef ol l
owi ngi snotconsi deredasoneoft hef ewt hingswecandot o
protecttheEar t
h.
a) Appl i
cat ionoft he4R’ s
b) Vol unt eer
c) Educat e
d) Consumemor ewat er
6.Howdoespr oduct ionofgoodsandser vicescont r
ibut est ogl obalcli
mat echange?
a) Bymeansofpr oduct ion, cutti
ngdownoft reesisl essexpect ed
b) Bymeansofpr oduct ion, miningar ouseswhi cht henl eadt ocut t
ingdownof
t
reesf ort hear eat obecl eared.
c) Bymeansofpr oduct ion, ref
or estationisexpect ed.
d) Bymeansofpr oduct ion, theenv i
r onmenti ssafe.
7.Whi choft hef ol l
owi ngi sacause- effectwhencut ti
ngdownoft r
ees.
a) Soi ler osion c.environment alconservati
on
b) Ref or estat i
on d.healthf ami l
yandcommuni ti
es
8.Thef oll
owi ngar ecommonef fectsthathumanactaf f ectt heenv ir
onment ,which
ofthef ol
lowi ngi sNOT?
a) Decr easedwat erqual ityduet opoorwat ercontr ol management
b) I ncr easedpol l
ut i
on
c) Gr eenhousegasemi ssions
d) Segr egat ionofwast edi sposal
9.Howdoessol i
dwast emanagementpr operdi sposal af fectt heenv i
ronment ?
a) Pol lutedwat er c.Nopol lution, l
essflood
b) Cl ogwat erway s d.kil
li
ngmar i
newi ldl
ife
10.Whi choft hef oll
owi ngchoi cesisnotconsi deredast hi ngsshoul dbedoneat
homet opr otectmot herear th?
a) Segr egat ionofwast e c.burningofwast e
b) Cl eani ngt heenv ironmentd.pl antingt rees

62
 LESSON

1
Consumpti
onandProduct
ion:
Eff
ectsonCli
mateChange
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

LearningConcept
Int hi
ssect i
on,y ouwil
llearnaboutt hei mpactbr oughtaboutbypr oducti
on
andconsumpt i
ont otheenv i
ronment .Commonknowl edgeistelli
ngust hatwhen
decidi
ngt oconst ructaconcrete,weal soaredest r
oyingt heenvir
onment.First,t
he
spaceorl and,weal teritbycut t
ingdownt reest ocleart hearea.Wechanget he
l
andscapeoft hear eaandifnotki l
led,di
spl
acedt heprev i
ousoccupantsoft hearea
–t hetrees,thebirds,theant
s, bees,butt
erf
lies,l
izards,andearthwor mst
ospeakof
theleast.

Thest udycal led t

heCl imat ePubl i
cExpendi tureand I nstit
utionalRev iew
(CPEIR),providesagener albackdropofpr oject edincreasesingl obalt emper at
ure
anditscor r
espondi ngeffects:
 Gl oball
y ,si nce1950,ocean t emper at
ur e hasi ncreased byr oughlyabout
0.09oC
 Se alevelshav ealsobeenr i
singby15- 20cm f rom pre-indust r
iall ev
elswi t
h
theratenear lydoubli
ngf r
om t hatofthepastcent ury.
Asasmal landar chipel
agiccount ry
, t
hePhi l
ippi
nesi shighl yvulner abl
etosea
-l
evelrise.Ther epor tci
tedast udy( Dasgupt aetal .2009)whi chl i
stedt heci t
iesof
SanJose,Mani la,RoxasandCot abatoamongt hetop10mostv ulnerabl ecit
iesin
theEastAsi aandPaci fi
cRegiont osea-levelrise.Thisisv eryalarmi ngsi ncenotjust
byseawat er-l
ev el,mostl ow-ly
ingar easbot hci t
iesandur bani nt hecount ryarealso
suff
eringf r
om f lood.

OnConsumpt i
on
Cl i
mat e change i s altering production
syst
emsandcompr omisingf oodsecur i
tyand
nutr
iti
onf ormi l
lionsofpeopl ei nt hePhil
ippi
nes,
according t ot he Uni ted Nat ions Food and
Agri
culture Or ganizati
on ( UN FAO) . José
Manuel Fernandéz, FAO’ s count r
y
repr
esent ativei nt hePhili
ppines,sai dthatami d
an annualpopul ati
on growt hr at eof1. 5 per
cent,thePhi l
ippinesnow hav ean est i
mat ed
th
109 mi lli
on peopl e, r anks 13   biggest
Thef oodonourpl at e.
populationi nthewor l
dasof2019.Thi smeans source: ht
tps:
//thecul
turetr
ip.com/asia/
phi
l
ippi
nes
abiggert hreatt of oodsecur ityint hecount ry.T/
haemo
r
ti
cles/
hr
oemo
w-to- u
eat
-t
l
iht
ke- of
a-
true-e
f
ie
l
id
pn,
io/t
hemor e

63
foodr esour cesar eneededf rom t heenv i
ronment .
Imagi nef eedingnotl esst han109mi llionFi l
ipinosf oronemeal ,how many
animal smustdi eandhow manycr opsmustbehar vest edj usttoputf oodonour
plates?How manyl itersofwat ermustbef et chedj ustt oquenchourt hirst?The
biggert he populat i
on,t he bi ggeral so i st he damage we coul d gi vet ot he
env ironment .Mor eov er,wast ingf oodmustnow comet oanendandmustnotbe
pract iced.
OnPr oduct i
on
Hav ey oupi ctureouthow y ourdr eam house?Thest yl
e,t heel egance,t he
color ,t hesize,andt hel ocation?Butbef oret hedr eam house,hav ey out houghtof
whatar et hemat erialsneededt of i
ni shbui l
di ngev enj ustasmal lhouse?Pr obably
you’ llthi nkofcoconutl umber ,goodwood,nai l
s,hol low bl ocks,pl ywood,cement ,
def ormedst eelbar ,cor r
ugat edsheet ,sandandgr avel.I t
st rul
yeasyt onamet he
mat erialsbuthav ewet houghtonhowwer et heypr oduced?Letust rytol ookatt he
nails–madeofi ron.Bef or
ei tr eachest heshel vesi nt hehar dwar est ores,i thasto
bemi nedatani dent i
fiedar ea.Tr eesandot herpl ant smustbecutt ocleart hear ea.
Thiswoul dincludedi splaci
ngorwor stki l
lingt hel ivingani mal soccupy i
ngt hear ea.
Ter rainsofmount ainsandhi ll
shav et odest roy edf ordeepexcav ationjustt ogetthe
bestst ockofi ronmat erial
s.Theexcav ationgoesonandonunt ilitisal readyv ery
difficultandcost l
yt odoso.Fr om themi near ea,i tthengoest ot hepl antwher ethe
mi nedi ronwi llbepr ocessedandpr oducedaccor dingt ot hedesi reoft hepeopl ein
themar ket
.

Clearly we couldt ellthat

product i
onofcer t
aingoods
and ser vices does clearl
y
affect t he env ir
onment
whi ch resul
ts and
cont r
ibutes t o gl obal
cl
imat echange.

At it
s cor e,
Mi ner almi ningi nt hePhi lippi nes producti
on and
Source:ht
tps:/
/ej
atl
as.org/
confli
ct/san-roque-
metal
s-i
nc-
nickel
-
mining-
in-
tubay-
agusan-del
-nort
e-phil
ippines
consumpt i
oncontri
butest o
cli
matechangeand t oday ,
cli
mate change has al so
broughtaboutpr obl emst opr oduct i
onandconsumpt
ion.Underst
andingtheproblem
ist heonl ywayt of indt hesol ution.

64
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Fi
llmeup
DI
RECTI
ONS:Usi
ngthecause-and-ef
fectt
reebel
ow,
enumer
atet
hepossi
bleef
fect
s
ofconv
ert
ingaf
orestl
andi
ntoasubdi
vi
sion.Usesepar
atesheet
.

Sour
ce:ht
tps:
//si
tes.
googl
e.com/
sit
e/f
ir
sty
ear
teacher
s/causeandef
fect

65
 LESSON

2 _
___
_
WeCanHel
Change
__
___
___
__
pSol

_
___
_
v

_
eCl

_
__
i

_
_
mat

__
_
e

__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Lear
ningConcept
Inthistopic,y
ouwillacqui
reknowl
edgeonway swecandoi nordert
ohelp
sol
vecli
mat echange.Iti
sbecauseofouractsthattheenv i
ronmenthassuff
ereda
l
otjusttosati
sfyourneedsandwant s.Wehavecreatedthepr obl
em t
henprobabl
y
wealsoshouldfindwaysandmeanst ofi
ndfort
hesol ut
ions.

HereareSi
mpleThi
ngsWeCanDot
oHelpProt
ecttheEar
thaccor
dingt
othe
Nat
ional Ocean Serv
ice of t
he US Nat
ional Oceani
c and Atmospheri
c
Admini
str
ati
on:
 Reduce,
Reuse,
andRecy
cle+Ref
use.

Reduce–i fpossi
ble,
wemustst opbuy i
ngforitemswithsomuchpl asti
cpacking.
Reuse–cutdownonwhatwet hrowaway ,wemi ghtpr
obablybeabletostil
luseit
.
Recycle–plasti
cscanalsoserveasnur serypotsrat
herthanjustthr
owingitand
addingpil
esforourcommuni t
ylandf
illspace.Aboveall
,pract
icethebigger“R”–
REFUSE.Ifwecanbr ingwit
huscont ainersforfoodit
ems,wepr obablycanstop
producti
onofplast
icwaste.

 Vol
unt .
eer

Wecanspareourt
imetovol
unteerforcoastalcl
ean-
upandothercl
ean-
upsinour
r
especti
vecommunit
y.Wealsoallcanv ol
unteertogeti
nvol
vedinprot
ect
ingour
wat
ershedbytr
eepl
anti
ng.

 Educ e.
at

When we furt
herourown educat i
on,we can help other
s underst
and t
he
i
mportanceandval
ueofournatur
alresources.Weal
socanattendsy
mposiaand
i
nfor
mat i
ondri
vesonenv
ironment
alprotecti
on.

 Conser
vewat
er.

Thel
esswat erweuse,thelessrunoffandwast
ewat
ert
hatwoul
dev
ent uall
yend
upintheocean.Wat er
sf r
om doi nglaundr
ycanal
sobeusedincleaningour
comfor
troomsthanjustthr
owingit.

66
 Choosesust
ai e.
nabl

Learnhowt omakesmartf
oodchoices.Eati
ngleafyv
eget
ablesaref arbett
erthan
meat .Why?Wewillj
ustperhapshurthorseradish(mal
unggay)treef orapl ain
nati
vesoupbutwehav et okillachickeninordertohaveaf r
iedchi ckenf or
breakfast
.

 Shopwi
sel
y.

Buylessplast
icandbr
ingar
eusabl
eshoppi
ngbag.Chooset
obuyi
temswhi
ch
useslesspl
asti
c.

 Usel
ong-
last
ingl
i bs.
ghtbul

Energyeff
icientl
ightbul
bsreducegr eenhousegasemi ssi
ons.St
opusingt
heol
d
l
ightbul
bsf oritcostl
yonelectr
ical
consumpt ion.Rat
heruseLEDbulbs.Al
sofl
i
p
theli
ghtswitchoffwheny ouleavether oom!

 Pl
antt
rees.

Treesprovi
defoodandoxy gen.
Theyhelpsaveenergy
, cl
eantheai r
,
andhelpcombatclimatechange.
Duringhi
ghnoon,manywoul dwant
tostayundert
heshadeofat ree,
butnobodycarestoplantatree.

 Don'
tsendchemi
cal
sint
oour
wat
er s.
way
Amanpl
ant
ingat
ree.
Choosenon-
toxi
cchemi
cal
sinthe Source:https:
//dai
l
yli
fe.
com/
art
icl
e/pl
ant
ing-
tr
ees-
to-
feed-
your
-soul
homeandoffi
ce.Thr
owwasteproper
ly.Batter yaci dsshoul dbet hr ownany wher e.

 Bi e.
kemor

Dri
veless.Pol
l
uti
oncomesi
nthemomentwestar
ttheengi
neofourmot
orcy
cles
andautomobil
es.Bi
ki
ngorwal
kinghel
pst
heenvi
ronmentanditev
enmakesus
heal
thi
er.

67
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningActi
vit
y:Absolutely,
WeCan!
DI
RECTI ONS:Usingthetreediagram bel
ow,othert
hantheonelist
edabove,li
stsi
x
thi
ngswecandoathomei nor dertohel psavemothereart
handlessenedtheeffect
sof
cli
matechange.Useseparat
esheet .

Sour
ce:ht
tps:
//f
reeol
ogy
.com/
graphi
cor
gs/
det
ail
s-t
ree-
not
e-t
aki
ng-
organi
zer
/

68
 LESSON

3 YourAct
Envi
_
_
r
_
_
i

_
onAf
onment
_ _
___
_
f

_
ect

_
__
st

_
__
he

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Lear
ningConcept

Inthi
slesson,youwil
lacqui
reknowl edgeonhowy ouractcanaffecttheliv
es
of ot hers especi
all
y the env i
ronment . We al l know humans  i
mpact t he
environment  
inseveralways.Commonef fectsi
ncludedecr easedwaterqual i
tydue
to poorwat ercontrolmanagement ,increased poll
uti
on duet oi mproperwast e
disposal ,andgreenhousegasemi ssionsanddepl eti
onofournat uralresources.
Indeed,humanshav econtr
ibutedalotf orthewor seni
ngofourenv i
ronmentwhi ch
resultedt ogl
obalcli
matechange.

Based on r eports by WWF- Phil

ippines, t he countr
y's Nat i
onal
Soli
d Waste ManagementCommi ssion,andt heWor l
dBank,awhopping74percent
ofplasti
cleakagecomesf rom wast e 
thathasact uall
ybeencoll
ect
ed.Forexample,
of2.7mi l
li
ont onnesof  
garbage,2.27mi l
li
ont onnesar ecol
lect
edperyear.Ofthi
s,
386,000tonnesar esti
l
lleakedintot heocean,mai nl
ybecauseofhaulerdumping,
whenpr i
vatehaul ercompaniesunl oadt heirtr
ucksi ntowaterbodi
esont hewayto
properdisposalsitesinordert ocutcost s,andbecauseofpoor l
ylocat
eddumps
si
tuatednearwat erways.

Meanwhil
e, uncoll
ected
garbageininformalsettl
ementsi s
haphazar
dly dumped el sewher e,
whilesmallcommuni t
iesli
vingnear
ri
versandwat erbodiesdisposeof
personalwast e di
rectl
yi ntot he
waterwaysorcanalsandirr
igati
ons.

Weknow t hatmar i
nedebr s Seawat
i erPol l
ution
Source:
htt
ps://
www. t
heguardian.
com/ envi
ronment/2016/j
an/07/hum
affectsbothhumanandnat uralsystems
an-
imp.I
an
cg
t
- e
has
s-
pt
ui
ona
shed-n
earde
th-
intnt
o-
tan
he-
ag
nle
t
hrme
opocnt
en i
np
e-
scienl
a
t
iss
tt
si
-
scsi
ay n
theoceanhav ebeendocument edinmanypost sonsoci almedi asi teski llingmar ine
wildli
fel
ikewhales, t
urtl
es, f
ishesandot hert errest rialani mal sl i
keseabi rds.Humans
alsofacethedangerofi ngestingper si
st entor gani cpol lut ant s( POPs)t hrougheat ing
seafood,asthisl i
nkst ot hef oodchai n.Pl asticsabsor bpol y chl orinat edbi pheny l
s
(PCBs)anddi chlorodiphenyltr
ichloroethane( DDT) ,whi char ePOPst hatwi l
ldi rect l
y
affecthumanheal th.

Mor
eov
er,mar
inedebr
isal
sohav
enegat
ivei
mpact
sonr
evenue-
gener
ati
ng

69
nature-basedtouri
sm,aswellasthefishi
ngi ndust
ry.Fisher
meni nWWF- Phil
i
ppines
projectsiteshavecommentedthatplasti
csar esmot heri
ngcor alreef
s.Thisresul
ts
i
necosy stem-wi
deimpact
s,whichalsoaffectthei
ryiel
dorcat ch.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:BeforeandAfter
DI
RECTIONS:Makeapost ersloganshowingthebef
oreandafterofone’
sacti
on
whichaff
ectstheli
vesofothersandt heenvi
ronmentingener
al.Useguidebel
ow.Use
separ
atesheet
.
SAMPLEPOSTER- SLOGAN

Past
ePi
ctur
e/Dr
awi
ngHer
e Past
ePi
ctur
e/Dr
awi
ngHer
e

BEFORE AFTER

(
Ex.Api
ctur
eofamant hr
owinggar
bagesat (
Ex.Api
ctur
eofdeadf
ishes,
pol
l
utedsea
thebeach) water
s)

YourSl
ogan

(
Ex.Yourgar
bagecanKI
LL,
Disposegar
bagePROPERLY.
)

WhatIhav
elear
ned

70
  Climat
echangei sthegl obalphenomenonofclimat
etransformati
onwhich
aresaidtobecharacter
izedbyt hechangesint
heusualcli
mat eoftheEar
th
regar
dingtemper
ature,precipi
tat
ion,andwindt
hatareespeciall
ycausedby
humanact i
vi
ti
es.

 Atit
score,product
ionandconsumpti
oncont r
ibutestoclimatechange.
 Cli
mate change has also brought aboutpr oblems t o product
ion and
consumpti
on.
 Underst
andingtheprobl
em i
stheonlywayt ofi
ndt hesoluti
on.
 Inoursi
mpleway s,wecanalwayshelpsolv
ecl i
mat echange.

 Youract
ionmayaf
fectt
hel
i
vesofot
her
sandal
sot
otheenv
ironment
.

\
3. Assessment

MULTIPLECHOI CE
Dir
ecti
ons:Readandunderstandeachit
em andchooset
heCAPITALLETTERofy
our
choi
ce.Writ
eallyouranswer
sonapi eceofpaper
.(1poi
nteach)

1.Itisthegl obal phenomenonofcl imat echanget r

ansf ormat ionwhichar esaidtobe
characterizedbyt hechangesi ntheusual cl i
mateoft heEar t
h.
a) Climat eChange c.mi ni ng
b) Def orestat i
on d.v olcani ceruption
2.Howdoespr oduct i
onofgoodsandser vicescontribut est oglobalcl
imat echange?
a) Bymeansofpr oduction,cutti
ngdownoft r
eesi slessexpect ed
b) Bymeansofpr oduction,miningar ouseswhi cht henl eadtocut t
ingdownof
t
reesf ort hear eatobecl eared.
c) Bymeansofpr oduction,ref
orest ationisexpect ed.
d) Bymeansofpr oduction,theenv ironmenti ssaf e.
3.Whi choft hef ollowingisacause- effectwhencut t
ingdownoft r
ees.
a) Soi lerosion c.env ironment alconservati
on
b) Ref orestat i
on d.heal thfami lyandcommuni ti
es
4.Thef oll
owi ngar ecommonef fectsthathumanactaf fecttheenv i
ronment ,which
ofthef ol
lowi ngisNOT?
a) Decr easedwat erqualit
yduet opoorwat ercont rolmanagement
b) Increasedpol luti
on
c) Gr eenhousegasemi ssions
d) Segr egationofwast edi sposal
5.Howdoessol i
dwast emanagementpr operdi sposal affecttheenvironment ?

71
 a) Pollut edwat er c.Nopol l
ution,l
essf l
ood
b) Clogwat erway s d.kil
li
ngmar i
newi l
dli
fe
6.Whi choft hef oll
owi ngchoi cesi snotconsi deredast hingsshoul dbedoneat
homet oprotectmot herear th?
a) Segr egat ionofwast e c.burningofwast e
b)Cleaningt heenv i
ronment d.planti
ngt r
ees
7.Thef oll
owi ngar ecausesofcl i
mat echange, whi chofthef oll
owingisNOT?
a) Cuttingdownoft rees
b) Changi ngt hel andscapeoft hear ea
c) Const ructionofconcr etemat eri
al s
d) Collect inggar bage
8.Whi choft hef oll
owi ngi snotconsi deredasoneoft heeffectsofclimat
echangein
termsofconsumpt i
on?
a) Scar cityoff ood
b) Lowf oodr esour ces
c) Highdemandsofcr opst obehar vest
ed
d) Risingoft heseal ev el
9.Accor di
ngt ot heNat i
onal OceanSer v
iceoft heUSNat ionalOceanicand
Atmospher icAdmi nistrati
on, t
her earesimpl ethingswecandot ohelpprotectt
he
Earth,oneist heappl icationoft he4R’ s,whatdoy oumeanby4R’ s?
a) Reduce, Reuse, Recy cl
e, Refuse
b) Reduce, Refresh, Reuse, Recycle
c) Refuse, Recy cle,Reuse, Reser ve
d) Reduce, Reuse, Recy cl
e, Reserve
10.Whi choft hef oll
owi ngi snotconsi deredasoneoft hefewt hingswecandot o
protecttheEar th.
a) Appl icat i
onoft he4R’ s
b) Volunt eer
c) Educat e
d) Consumemor ewat er

72
 12
Tr
ends, Networksand
Cr
it
icalThinki
ngi nt
he
st
21 Cent ury

Quar
ter2–Modul
e5:
Democr
ati
cInt
erv
ent
ion

Thisinstructi
onalmateri
alwas collaborat
ivel
y devel
oped and revi
ewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr i
vateschool
s,col l
egesanduni ver
sit
ies.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducati
onstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepar
tmentofEducationatacti
[email protected].

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
Modul
e5
ecommendat
ions.

Democr
ati
cInt
erv
ent
ion

Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

73
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 75
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 75
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 75
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 76
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 76
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 8
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 10
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 40
PostTest ……………………………………………… 41
KeytoAnswers ………………………………………………. 44

74
 Modul
e5
Democr
ati
cInt
erv
ent
ion

WhatINeedt
oKnow

Thi
smodul edemonst rat
esanunder st
andingofthemeaninganddi mensi ons
ofdemocracy.Thedemocr ati
cpracti
cesthatpeoplepreferr
edwi
llbeidenti
fiedand
theimpor
tanceofpar ti
cipat
ionindemocracywi l
lbeexpl ai
nedthor
oughly.Among
themodelsofdemocr acy,part
ici
pator
yandr epresentati
vewil
lbedi f
ferenti
at ed.
Democrat
icintervent
ionswillbeassessedandf ormulateav i
ablealter
nat i
vet o
undemocr
aticpracti
ces.

Howdoesdemocr acywork?Thisov err

eachingquestionmightbel ingeri
ngi n
yourmindandwonderhow peopl eandgov ernmentexer cisedemocr acy .Through
t
hismodul ethecur rentst
ateofdemocr acyint hePhil
ippineswillbeanal yzed.As
wellasexamini ngthepossibl
eeffect
sofdemocr at
icandundemocr aticpract i
ces
r
elatedtofact orssuchasgenderbi ases,pov ert
y,poli
ti
calmar ginalizati
on,r acial
i
nequali
ty,
cul
t uraldominat
ion,
cri
sisofrepresentat
ionandpol i
ti
csofr ecogni t
ion.

Thismodulewi llhelpy oulooksi ntothenat ureofdemocr acy,democr

atic
pract
icesandint
erventi
ons.
Thismodulehasfiv
e( 5)lessons:
 Lesson1-Democr aticPracti
ces
 Lesson2-TheI mpor tanceofPar ti
cipati
oni nDemocr acy
 Lesson3-Par ti
cipatoryVersusRepr esentati
veDemocr acy
 Lesson 4-Democr aticIntervent
ions Pr evail
ing in Polit
icaland Social
I
nsti
tut
ion
 Lesson5-ViableAl t
er nat
ivestoUndemocr ati
cpr act
ices

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives
Aft
ergoingthrought hi
smodul e,
youar eexpectedto:
1.I
dent i
fypref
err
eddemocr ati
cpracti
ces.
(HUMSS_ MCT12- II
d-f
-1)
2.Explai
ntheimpor t
anceofpar ti
cipat
ionindemocr acy.(HUMSS_
MCT12- I
Id-
f-
1)
3.Dif
ferenti
atepart
ici
patoryfrom repr
esentat
ivedemocr acy.
(HUMSS_ MCT12- II
d-f
-1)
4.Assessdemocr ati
cinterventi
onsprevai
li
nginpoliti
calandsoci
ali
nst
it
uti
ons.
(HUMSS_ MCT12- II
d-f
-1)
75
5.For
mul
ateav
iabl
ealter
nat
ivet
oundemocr
ati
cpr
act
ices.
(HUMSS_
MCT12-II
d-f
-1)

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachi
evethecompet enciesoft hi
smodul e,completethef ol
lowing:
1.Under standandf ollowt hei
nstructi
onscarefull
y .
2.Accompl i
sht hepr e-testtoidenti
fyyourpreparednessaboutt helessonsin
t
hismodul e.
3.Refery ouranswer st othegivenanswerkey .
4.Readeachl essonanddoact i
vit
iesprovi
dedf oryou.
5.Demonst ratet heact i
vit
iestoguideyouincompr ehendingthelessons.
6.Taket hesel f-testaftereachlessontoassessy ourunderstandi
ngoft he
t
opics.
7.Answert hepost -
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egainedf r
om the
t
opics.

WhatIknow
MULTIPLECHOICE:
Di
rect
ions:Readandunder
standeachitem andchoosethel et
teroft
hecor
rect
answer.Wr
it
eyouransweronasepar
atesheetofpaper.

1.Theactivi
tyofchoosi
ngsomeoneorsomethi
nginanel
ect
ion.
A.Franchi
se C.Sel
ecti
on
B.Suffr
age D.Vot
ing

2.I
tdefines'
minori
ty'as'agroupofpeoplewhoshar esomecharacter
isti
cbybi
rt
h
thatmakestheirgroupsmal l
erthansomeot hergr
oupsinasocietyandmay
causeotherstotreatthem unf
airl
y.
'
A.Special
protect
ionpr ogram C.Equal i
ty
B.HumanRi ghts D.Speci
alprot
ectionf
orminor
iti
esinthesoci
ety

3.Therightt ovot
einpol
i
tical
elect
ions.
A.Suffrage C.Di
sagr
eement
B.Attestati
on D.Bal
l
ot

4.Aclassofri
ghtsthatprotecti
ndi
viduals'f
reedom fr
om i
nfri
ngementby
gover
nment s,
socialorgani
zati
ons,
andpr i
vatei
ndi
vidual
s.
A.Civi
landpolit
icalri
ghts C.Fundament al
right
s
B.Soli
dari
tyr
ights D.Humanr i
ghts

76
5.Isaf orm ofgov ernmenti nwhichthepeopl ehav etheaut hori
tytochoosethei
r
governingl egislati
on.
A.Rev olutionary C.Monar chy
B.Democr acy D.Federalism
6.Prejudiceagai nstpeopleofapar ti
culargender .
A.Equi ty C.GenderBi as
B.St ereot ype D.GenderIdent i
ty
7.Itgener all
yr efertotradi
tionalpol
it
icalfamil
iesort hepr acticesbythesepoli
ti
cal
famili
esofmonopol i
zingpol i
ti
calpowerandpubl i
cof f
ices.
A.Pol i
ti
cal Dynast y C.Poli
ticalMisconduct
B.Pol i
ti
cal Mar ginali
zation D.Polit
ical Fami l
ies

8.Amodelofdemocr
acyt
hatal
l
owpeopl edeci
deonpol
i
cyi
nit
iat
ivesdi
rect
ly.
A.Repr
esent
ati
ve C.Dir
ect
B.Fr
eePress D.Ci
vi
lSociet
y

9.Amodel ofdemocr
acyfoundedonthepri
nci
pleofel
ect
edof
fi
cial
srepr
esent
inga
groupofpeople,
asopposedtodi
rectdemocr
acy.

A.Part
icipat
ory C.Revol
uti
onar
y
B.Representat
ive D.Feder
al

10.Thestat
eofbei
ngext
remel
ypoor
.
A.Pover
ty C.Fami
sh
B.Hunger D.Depr
ivat
ion

TRUEORFALSE:Wr i
teTRUEi ft hestatementiscorrectandFALSEi fi ti
swr ong.
__
_____
__11.I
nademocr acy,peoplecol l
ecti
vel
yexerciseequal r
ightst oparti
cipat
e
i
ndeci sion-makingpr ocesses.
__
_____
__12.I
napar tici
patorymodelofdemocr acy
,onl yaf ew member shav ethe
oppor t
unitytor aise an issue,provide possibl
e sol utions tot he
problem, andtakepar tinthecraf
ti
ngoft hefinaldecision.
____
____13.Repr esent at
ive democr acyi sfounded on t he principle ofelected
offi
cial
s.

_
___
___
_14.Par
ti
cipat
orydemocr
acyi
sal
soknownasdi
rectdemocr
acy
.

_
___
___
_15.I
npartici
pat
orydemocracyci
ti
zenneedsomebodyt
orepr
esentt
hem
inst
eadofv ot
ingdi
rect
lyonthei
ssues.

_
___
___
_16.I
nrepr
esent
ati
vedemocr
acyel
ect
edof
fi
cial
swi
l
lmakedeci
sionsf
ort
he

77
 peopl
eandpr
oposel
aws.

_
___
___
_17.
Theadvant
ageofr
epr
esent
ati
vedemocr acyi
speopl
ecanchoose
exper
tst
omakeandcarr
youtdeci
sionsforthem.

_
___
___
_18.I
nademocracy,
theciv
ilandpol
i
tical
rightsofaci
ti
zencanbetaken
awayf
rom hi
m orherduetohi
sorherr ace,mor
als,
orwayofli
fe.

_
___
___
_19.Fr
eedom ofmovement
,assembl
y,associ
ati
on,expressi
on,
and
i
nformati
onar
eexamplesofci
vi
landpolit
icalr
ights.

_
___
___
_20.Realconceptofdemocracyi
snotmer
elybasedonst
ati
sti
csor
stati
sti
caldemocracy
.

78
 Democrat
icPracti
ces
_
___
___
___
___
___
____
____
_ __
____
_
Lear
ningConcept
Don’ty ouknow t hatt het erm democr acyor i
ginatesf rom aGr eekwor ds
demos( people)andkr at os( r
ule)whi chmeansr uledbyt hepeopl e.Thepeopl eunder
democr acyexer ciseagenui necont rolov erthegov ernmentandhav eequalright
st o
par t
icipatei nthedeci sion-maki ngpr ocesses.Itpr otectsi ndiv
iduall iberti
essuchas
ther ightt of reespeech,pr ivacyandev enther i
ghtt or emai nsi l
entinapol ice
i
nt errogation.Andsi ncedemocr acyi sat ypeofgov ernmenti nwhi chpeoplear e
vestedwi thsupr emepowert henweal lcanenjoyaf airandf reeel ectionsandseek
tocont r
olwhowi l
lholdaposi t
ion.Thus, t
heassur anceofpol i
ticalequal i
tyi
nwhi ch
cit
izenspr eferencesandi nterestsar eequal l
yconsi deredandsaf eguar dedbyt he
state
Ther ear esev eraldemocr at
icpr acti
cest hatpeopl epr eferredsuchasci vi
l
ri
ght sorourf r
eedom ofspeech, rel
i
gi on,ri
ghttov ote, andpubl iceducat i
on.Another
democr aticpracticepr eferredbypeopl ei sarespect abl eandbi as-freemassmedi a
andequal itybeforethel aw.

Befor
ewedi
scusstheidenti
fi
eddemocr
ati
cpr
act
icespr
efer
redbypeopl
elet
usf
ir
stanswert
hef
oll
owingacti
vit
y.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
MyDemocracyConceptMappi
ng
Compl
etet
heconceptmapbelow.
WhatisDemocr
acy?

Def
ini
ti
onofDemocr
acy

Char
act
eri
sti
c Concept Exampl
e

79
 1. Ci vilRight s
Havey ouev eraskedy our selfwhatcoul dy oupossi bl
eenj oyasaFi li
pino
citi
zen?Wel l,wehav et hef reedom ofspeechbutnev ergoany t
hingl ewdorobscene
aswel lasnott opr ov okesv iolenceordi sorder .Thatf reedom l imitsust ocr eate
sedi ti
ousmessagesandpr esentdangert oany one.
Anot herci vilrightweobv iouslyenjoyi st hef reedom ofr eligionwher einour
prefer encef orar eligioncannotbeendor sedbyt hest ateorany oneel se.Wecan
freelychoosear eligionwewant edt oembr aceandpr actice.
Ani ndiv i
dual ’spr i
vil
egeanddut yt ov ot eshoul dnotbet akenf orgr anted
sincet hechoi ceofmaj ori
tywi l
lr uleourcount ry .Thus,t hecapt i
on“ votewi sely
”
shoul dbepr acticedser iously .Last ly,wear eprivilegedt oaccessaqual i
tyandpubl i
c
educat i
onatal l l
ev els.
2.Respect ableandBi as- fr
eeMassMedi a
Forsur eweal lhav eourf av orit
echannelt owat chf ornewsandcur r
entev entsbut
how r el i
ablear et hey ?Dot heyf ai r
lyrepr
esental lgroups?Thi smi ghtbear elevant
quest iont oconsi deraswhenast ationbecomesbi aswi tht heirrepor ti
ngpeopl ewi ll
l
osst hei rtr
ustl i
kewhathappenedl astpresident ialelectionwher eadv erti
sementof
apr esident i
alcandi datewasr ef usedbyacer tainnet wor kt oshow orbr oadcast
becauset heyf av orot hercandi dat es.
Medi acani nfluenceourt hought s,manner s,andev enthewaywel i
vei nthesoci et
y
becauset heyar esomepeopl ewhobel i
evesi nanyi nformat i
onwi thoutassur ingi fit
af actormer elyaspecul ation.Thus,ar espect ableandbi as-f
reemassmedi ai sa
thingFi lipi
noshoul denj oysi ncei tispartoft heirci v
ilri
ght .
3.Equal it
ybef oret hel aw
Allpersonsareequalintheeyeofthelawregar
dlessofstat
us,wealt
horpowerj ustli
ke
how thest at
ueofLadyJust iceweari
ngblindf
old.Asi
def r
om theblindfol
dthestatue
also carr
iesa balance scal
e whi
ch meanst hatitisgoi ng t
o weigh the evi
dence
presentedtothecourtanditshoul
dlookandcompar eeachsideasjusticei
sdone.And
theswor dwhi chisunsheathedisasy mbolthatjust
icei str
ansparentandnotan
i
mpl ementoff ear
.

Cr
edi
t:ht
tp:
//www.
stat
ue.
com/
Product
s/Bl
i
nd-
Just
ice-
Lady
-Just
ice-
Themi
s/
Ari
ghttoaf ai
rtr
iali
sav i
sibl
epract
iceint
hePhil
ippinesthusthecour
tpresumed
i
nnocentunt
ilt
hecontr
aryi
sprovedbeyondr
easonabledoubtorprov
enguil
ty.

80
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Democr at
icPr
act
icesint
hePhili
ppi
nes
Thel
ear
ner
sshouldbeabletoident
if
ysomeprefer
redpr
act
icesinthePhi
l
ippi
nes.

Writ
ey ouranswerusi
ngthegraphi
corgani
zerbel
ow.
Topic:
Whatar eexamplesofdemocrat
icpr
acti
cesint
hePhi
l
ippi
nes?

Exampl es
ofdemocr at
ic
practicesinthe
Phil
ippines

What
’sNew

LearningActi
vi
ty:
Namet heLadyofJust
icesy
mbol
Identi
fythesymbolsaskedineachit
em.Chooseananswerbel
ow.

SWORD BLI
NDFOLD BALANCESCALES

__
______
___
_ _
_Asy mbolwhi
chrepr
esentt
heobl
i
gat
ionoft
hel
awt
owei
ght
he
evi
dencepresent
edtothecour
t.

_
___
_ _
___
___
__Asy mbol
thatr
epr
esentt
heenf
orcementofj
ust
iceandpr
otect
ionof
t
helawordefense.

___
_ _
___
____
__Asymbolthatrepr
esentst
heobjecti
vit
yofthelawt
hatitdoesn’
tlet
outsi
defact
ors,
suchaspoli
ti
cs,wealt
horfame,inf
luenceit
sdeci
sions.

What
’sMor
e

Exi
tti
cket:
Aft
ergaini
ngknowl edgeaboutdemocr acyandi denti
fi
est hepracti
cespref
err
edby
ci
ti
zenletstestyourcompr ehensionandr easoningont hepresentpandemicby
answeri
ngt hequestionthatfol
lows.Whati sther el
ati
onshipbetweenCov i
d–19
andthelevelofdemocr acy?Willt
herelateddeat hsdecreaseast helev
elof
democracyincreases?

81
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
.
LESSON

_
___
__
2
_
___
___
___
__
i
_
__
TheEssenceofPar
nDemocr
_
___
___
_
acy
__
___
___
___
__
t

_
_
i
ci

__
_
pat

__
_
i

_
oni

_
__
n

_
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Nowt haty ouhav egainedbackgr oundaboutDemocr acythatiti

sapeopl e
‘
vote,indivi
dual r
ightsareprotected,l
awst oprotectandmaj ori
tyrul
e.It
’sti
mef or
yout odiscoveraboutt heimpor t
anceofpar ti
cipat
ionindemocr acy.Theysayt hat
cit
izensmaket hefutureofthecount ry
,buthowcanci ti
zendosomet hi
ngusef ulor
contri
butetot hedev el
opmentoft hecountry?Parti
cipat
ionplaysav i
talrol
einor der
toachievesuccessf orexamplepar t
ici
pationinpov er
tyreducti
onandpar ti
cipati
ons
fr
om ahumanr ightsperspecti
ve.

Wearedr i
ventoliveinbett
erconditi
onssoitisourindi
vi
dual
dutytodo
ever
ythingtoachieveit
.Byactivel
yparti
cipat
ingindemocracypri
vat
eindi
vidual
wil
l
beprovidedwithopportunit
ytoinfl
uencepublicdeci
sionsandbeapartof
democraticdeci
sion-makingprocess.

“
Whi l
edemocr acyi
st heprocesswher ebythepeoplecoll
ecti
velydecideon
thepr
iori
ti
esandpol ici
esofpubli
cl i
fe,humanr i
ghtsaretheindi
vidualguarant
ees
thatt
he st at
ei s setto uphol
d and r espect
– and thatmake par ti
cipat
ion i
n
democrati
cgov er
nancemeaningf
ul.”
https:
//www.sida.
se/
content
asset
s/ab660766bcdd4129ac018be2f
e19d8b6/
par
ti
cip
at
ion-
in-democrati
c-gover
nance_
746.pdf

What
’sNew
Part
icipatoryDemocr acyinPracti
ce
Observat
ionandRef lectionWr i
ti
ng
Inyourenti
rebei ngy ouhaveexperi
encet ovoteinvari
ousel ecti
onsli
ke
el
ecti
ononacl assroom andel ecti
ononstudentgov ernmentof f
icers.Haveyou
obser
vedhowpar ticipatorydemocracyispracti
ceddur i
ngelecti
ons?Descr i
beand
di
scusstheimportanceandi mpactofparti
cipati
oninthisel
ection.
___
______
____
________________
_____
_____
________
______
_ _
____
_ _
__________
_____
___
___
_
___
______
____
________________
_____
_____
________
______
_ _
____
_ _
__________
_____
___
___
_
___
______
____
________________
_____
_____
________
______
_ _
____
_ _
__________
_____
___
___
_
___
______
____
________________
_____
_____
________
______
_ _
____
_ _
___.

82
Cur
LEr
Se
S ntPar
ON t
ici
pat
oryVer
sus

3
Repr
esent
ati
veDemocr
acy

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept
We alr
eadygai n knowledge aboutt he i
mport
ance ofparti
cipat
ion
democr acysonowwewi lldeepeny ourunderstandingbydif
fer
enti
ati
ngparti
cipat
ory
andr epresentat
ivedemocr acy.Parti
cipatorygov ernmenti
sal soknownasdi r
ect
democr acywher eallpeoplev oteonal ldecisions.Theydon’tneedsomebodyt o
represent them but rather v ot
e on i ssues di r
ectl
y.The only advant
age of
parti
cipator
ydemocr acyist hatpeoplehav eal lthepower.Thedisadvant
agesar e
uninformedpeoplevoteoni ssuesandi twill
onlywor kinsmall
groups.

Inrepresentat
ivedemocracy,peoplev oteanel ectedof f
ici
all
i
kecongr essmant o
voteoni ssuesforthem.Thiselectoffici
alwi l
lmakedeci si
onsforthepeopleand
proposelaws.Theonl yadvantageoft hisrepresentati
vedemocracyi speopl
ecan
chooseexper t
stomakeandcar ryoutdecisionsf orthem.Thedisadvant
ageisthat
wecannev erguar
anteethattheoffi
cialweel ectedorleaderwi
llrepr
esentpeopl
e’s
i
nterest.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct i
vi
ty:
Representat
iveorPart
ici
pator
y?
Thelearnerwil
lidenti
fyt
hefoll
owingil
lust
rat
ionasrepr
esent
ati
veor
par
ti
cipat
orydemocr acy.

Peopl
e Repr
esent
ati
ve Laws -_
___
___
___
___
___
___

Peopl
e Laws -_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

83
 LESSON
Democr ati
cInterventi
ons
4 Prev
ai
Soci
li
ngi
alI
npol
nsti
tut
i
t
i
icaland
ons
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear ni
ngConcept
Whenappl yingf oragov ernmentv acantposi ti
on,ther esponsible
agency wi l
lannounce t he v acancy t ot he publ ic and acceptqual if
ied
applicant sandev aluat
et hem al lf
air
lywi t
hnoper sonalinterestofaf avored
applicantt oplacei nt heposi tion.Thisi sanex ampl eofdemocr aticsoci al
i
nt er
v entions.Thesameper sonsorf amili
eswer ebei ngtappedasv acancies
aroseshoul d no longerbepr acti
ced to achi evedemocr acyi nt hesoci al
i
nst i
tut i
on.
Polit
icaldy nastyi sr ampanti nt hePhi lippinesi thappenswhen an
electedgov ernmentof ficialissucceededbyamemberofhi shousehol dupt o
thefirstdegr eeofconsangui nityoraf f
ini
tyandwhensev eralmember soft he
familyoccupi esv ari
ousposi ti
onsi nthegov ernment .Thismakei tunfairtoa
newaspi ringpoliti
cianort al
entst openet r
ateandi nef f
ectitwilldecreaset he
l
ev elofpol iti
calpartici
pat i
onamongt hepopul ace.
Asci ti
zens,t opr act i
cedemocr acyweshoul dgivef airchancet oal l
polit
ical candidatesandnotbeper suadepat ronizingpoliti
caldynasty.

What
’sNew
LearningActiv
ity
:PhotoAnaly
sis
Looki
ngatt hephotobelow,whatcanyousayaboutpol
i
tical
dynast
yandhow
wi
l
litaff
ectsourdemocr acy?

84
ht
tps:
//pol
i
tical
issuexe1.
wordpress.
com/2014/04/07/pol
i
tical-
dynasty
/
__
____
_____
__ _
_______
____
___
_ _
______
____
_____
_____
_ __
____
__ _
_______
_____
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___
___
___
___
___
_
__
____
_____
__ _
_______
____
___
_ _
______
____
_____
_____
_ __
____
__ _
_______
_____
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
__
____
_____
__ _
_______
____
___
_ _
______
____
_____
_____
_ __
____
__ _
_______
_____
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___
___
___
___
___
_
__
____
_____
__ _
_______
____
___
_ _
______
____
_____
_____
_ __
____
__ _
_______
_____
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_
__
____
_____
__ _
_______
____
___
_ _
______
__.

LESSON

5
Vi
abl
eAl
ter
nat
ivet
o
85
 Undemocr
ati
cPr
act
ices
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

LearningConcept
Undemocr aticpr acti
cesar ev eryev identi nev erywher ej ustl i
kegender
biases, pov erty ,
politicalmar ginalizat i
on, raci alinequal ity, cul t
ur aldomi nati
on,
crisisofr epr esent ationandpol i
ticsofr ecogni tion.Thebi ggestchal lengei s
howt ost opi tandmakei tr
ightbyf ormul atingav iabl
eal ternat ive.
Genderbi as occurwhen t herei s unequalt r
eat menton men and
womenbecauseoft hei rgender .I nor dert oel iminategenderbi ases,we
shoul dpr ohibitgenderdi scrimi nation, l
ear nawar enessandaccept ance.
Pov ertyi st hest ateofbei ngext remel ypoor .Somef ami li
esr emai n
poorduet ol ackofoppor tuni t
ies,educat ionandski lls.Toachi evesoci al
equi tythePhi li
ppinegov ernment ,launchaspeci alpr ogr am l i
ket hePant awid
Pami l
yangPi li
pinoPr ogr am t oer adi catepov erty.Par toft hecondi ti
onoft he
progr am ist opr ovidef ami l
ydev elopmentsessi onst ot hegr ant eesandt hisis
veryhel pful sincef rontl inersoft hepr ogr am ar eeducat ingpar ent sathome.
Pol i
ti
calMar ginal i
zation i s an ef fectofpol i
t i
calexcl usions t hat
prev entsorl i
mi tst heenj oy mentofcer t
ai nr i
ght s.Justl ikehow womenar e
l
essl i
kelyt owi naposi tioni nanel ect i
onduet opr ej
udice.So, weshoul dgive
fairchancet oev er
y oner egardlessofgender .
RacialI nequal i
tyi sdef i
nedasdi spar it
yi noppor tuni tyandt reatment
thatoccur sasar esul tofsomeone’ sr ace.Anexampl eofr aciali nequal i
tyis
Asi anst udent sar emor elikelyt or eceiveaschol ar
shipf rom anAsi annon-
prof i
torgani zat i
ont hananon- Asianst udent .

Cultur
aldomi nat
ionisdef inedascul t
uralpracti
cet hatisdominant
wit
hin a part
icularpoliti
cal
,soci aloreconomi c enti
ty,in which mul
ti
ple
cul
tur
esar epresent.(ht
tps:
//en.
wikipedi
a.or
g/wi
ki/
Dominant_cul
tur
e)

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Phot
oAnal
ysi
s

86
 Looki
ngatthephotobel
ow,
howwi
l
lyouappl
ythedemocr
ati
cpr
inci
plei
n
r
esol
vi
nggenderinequal
it
y.

ht
tps:
//gem-
repor
t-
2017.
unesco.
org/
en/
chapt
er/
gender
_account
abi
l
ity
_thr
ough_
school
/

87
 12
Tr
ends,Networksand
Cri
ti
calThinki
ngin
st
the21 Cent ur
y

Quarter2–Module6:
I
nfor
mat i
onCommunicat
ion
Technol
ogy(
ICT)

Thisinstructi
onalmat eri
alwas col l
aborat
ivel
y devel
oped and rev
iewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr ivateschools,col
legesanduni ver
siti
es.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducationstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepartmentofEducati
[email protected].
ph.

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
ecommendat
ions.

Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

88
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 91
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 91
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 92
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 92
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 92
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 94
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 98
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 106
PostTest ……………………………………………… 109
KeytoAnswers ……………………………………………….

89
 Module6
I
nfor
mat
ionCommuni
cat
ionTechnol
ogy
(I
CT)
WhatINeedt
oKnow
Infor mation and communi cat i
on t echnol ogy ( ICT)i s consi der ed as an
i
mpor t
antpar toft hedev elopmentoft hemoder nwor ld.I tstartedwi tht hei nventi
on
offirstmoder npost alsy stem,t ot hei nv ent ionoft het elephone,andofcour sethe
t
h
fi
rstcomput ers.TheAgeofI ndust rialRev ol utionwhi chbeguni nt he18 cent uryhas
produced numer ous i nventions and adv ances t hatmade agr i
culturalsoci eti
es
becamemor eindust riali
zedandur ban.I CTsawgi ganticpr ogressdur i
ngt hisper i
od
l
iket hei nventionofbet terpr i
ntingmet hods,t het elegr aphcabl es,andl at eront he
tel
ephone.Butt henov eltyofI CTdur ingt heAgeofI ndust ri
alRev olutionwast he
actualinv enti
onoft echnol ogyt hatmadecount riesandcont inent sconnect edthat
havenev erbeenpossi blebef ore.
Todat e,I CTshapeaccesst opeopl e.Theexi st enceofcomput er s,mobi l
e
phonesand t hei nternetar enotonl ygr ound- breaking act uali nvent ionsbutan
exceptionalaccessi bili
tyt o al otofpeopl e.I ti sev enpr oduced cheapert o be
accessibl etoav eragewor kersoi tmeansany onewhoneedsi tcansi mpl yhav ei t
nowaday s.Var iousser vi
cesandappl i
cat ionsar eal soassoci atedwi thI CTj ustlike
thein-demandv ideoconf erencingofbusi nessmeet i
ngsanddi stancel ear ninglike
onli
necl asses.
Thi smodul edi scussest hedi fferentdi mensi onsofI CT,whi cht akesi nt o
considerat i
ont hebenef itsi tbr ingst ot hesoci etyandchal l
engesi tposes.One
i
nterestingdev elopmentwhi chwi llbeexpl oreaswegoal ongwi t
ht hel essoni sthe
rol
epl ay edbyI CTi nf acilit
atingsoci alr el ationshi psandev enor ganizingpol it
ical
mov ement s.Itmayhav est ar t
edl ongagodur ingI ndust ri
alRev olutionbutsur e
st
enoughi tr eachesi nthegl obal scal edef initel ybel ongst ot he21 cent ur y.

Thi
smodulehasf
ive(
5)lessons:
 Lesson1- DimensionsofTechnol ogy
 Lesson2- Benefi
tsofTechnology
 Lesson3- WeakestLinkinaSy stem usi
ngStrat
egi
candI nt
uit
iveThi
nki
ng
 Lesson4- How I CT can Facili
tate Soci
alRelat
ionshi
ps and Poli
ti
cal
Mov ement
s
 Lesson5- Creat
iveInter
vent
ionst oImproveHumanLifeusi
ngICT

90
 Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

Af
terunder
goi
ngt
hrought
hismodul
e,y
ouar
eli
kel
yto:

4.I
dent i
fyt he dimensi
ons oft echnology thatare enabl i
ng and inhibi
ti
ng.
(HUMSS_ MCT12-II
d-f
-1)
5.Discussthebenef i
tsoft echnol
ogy.(HUMSS_ MCT12- II
d-f
-2)
6.Explaintheweakestl inki nasy stem usingstrategi
candi ntui
ti
vet hi
nki
ng.
(HUMSS_ MCT12-II
d-f
-4)
7.Explain how infor
mat ion communi cati
on technology can facil
it
ate soci
al
rel
ationshipsandpoli
tical movements.(HUMSS_ MCT12- I
Id-f
-5)
8.Propose a cr eat
ive i nter
vent
ion t o improve human l i
fe using ICT.
(HUMSS_ MCT12-II
d-f
-6)

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachiev
et hecompet enciesoft hi
smodul e,compl etethefol
lowing:
8.Understandandf ollowt hei
nst r
ucti
onscarefull
y .
9.Accompl ishthepr e-testtoident i
fyyourprepar ednessaboutt helessonsint hi
s
module.
10.
Referyouranswer st ot hegiv
enanswerkey .
11.
Readeachl essonanddoact ivit
iesprovi
dedf ory ou.
12.
Demonst ratetheact i
v i
tiest
ogui deyouincompr ehendingthelessons.
13.
Takethesel f-
testaftereachl essontoassessy ourunderstandi
ngoft hetopics.
14.
Answert hepost -
testt omeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egainedf r
om thetopics.

WhatIknow
A.Fil
luptheA-
B-CChart
.Wri
teontheA-col
umnwhaty ouknowaboutt hetopi
cand
ontheB-col
umnwhatyouwanttoknowaboutt
hetopic.Attheendofthelesson,
fil
l
uptheC-col
umnwit
hwhatyouhavelear
nedaft
eral
ltheclassdiscussi
onsand
act
ivi
ti
es.

A B C

I
CTandeconomi
c
gr
owt
h

I
CTandclassr
oom
l
ear
ning

I
CTandsoci
al

91
 mov
ement
s

B.Tr ueorFal se.Wr it

eTi fthest atementi strueandFi tisfalse.
_____ _____1.Thegr owthi nt heI CTi ndustryresul tedint heexpansi onoft hewor l
d
economyaswel l.
_____ _____2.ThePhi l
ippineswentagai nstthet ideandexper iencedadownwar d
trendi nt heuseofI CTi ni tsindust ries.
_____ _____3.I CTi sabl etocr eat ejobsdi r
ectl
yf r
om wi thinit
si ndust ryandi nthe
otheri ndust ri
est hatitser vice.
_____ _____4.Busi nessesgai nsf rom ICTbybr ingingmor eeffici
encyi nt he
manuf act uri
ng,mar keti
ng, anddi stri
but i
onoft heirgoodsandser v i
ces.
_____ _____5.Cl oudcomput i
ngwasbr oughtaboutbecauseoft hepr oblemsof
l
imi tedst orage, corruptionoff i
les, expensi v
ecostofcomput ation,andappl icati
on
host ing.
_____ _____6.Ther eisanequal di st
ributionofI CTi nbot ht heur banandr uralsett
ing.
_____ _____7.Tel edensi tyindev elopedcount ri
esar eincreasing, butindev eloping
count r
ies, i
tisdecr easing.
_____ _____8.Mobi lephoneshav eov ertakent heuseofl andl
inesorper manentf i
xtur
e
telephonesaspr i
mar ycommuni cationdev i
ce.
_____ _____9.I CTi sconf inedt ot het echnological ,academi c,andbusi nesssect ors
andcanbeconsi deredapol iti
cal.
_____ ____10.I ndust ri
esundert heI CTsect orf ulfi
l
l and/orenabl et hepr ocessing,
communi cation, t
ransmi ssi on,anddi splayofi nformat ionusingel ectri
cmeans.

LESSON

1 92
 Di
mensi
onsofTechnol
ogy
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Int hi
ssect ion,wewi l
ldi scusst henatureofI nformat i
onandCommuni cat i
on
Technol ogy( ICT) ,identifyitsdi mensionsandcont ri
butions.Hav ey ouev erasked
your selfwhatI CTmeansandhow doesi tcont r
ibutet ot hedev el
opmentofour
count ry?I nformat i
onandCommuni cat i
onTechnol ogyusual lyabbr eviat
edasI CT,
refert ot hedi versesetoft echnol ogicaltoolssuchassmar tphone,comput er,radi o,
televisi
on,net wor k har dwar e and sof tware,satelli
te sy stems and t he var ious
ser vi
cesandappl icati
onsr el atedwi t
ht hem,suchasv i
deoconf erencinganddi stant
l
ear ning andot herr esour cesusedt ot r
ansmi t
,store,cr eate,shar eorexchange
i
nf ormat ion.
ICT’sf ar-reachingi mpl i
cationisnotj ustinbusinessbutal soi nthedeliver yof
soci alser vi
ces.TheWor l
dSummi tont heInformationSoci ety( WSI S),whicht ook
placei nGenev ain2003andTuni sin2005, wast hef i
rstmaj orUni tedNat i
onsev ent
dedi catedt oi mpr ovepeopl e’
squal i
tyofl i
feandf ort hem t or eacht heirful l
est
pot enti
alwi thint hel argerf ramewor kofsust ainabledev elopmentandhumanr ights
witht he use ofI CT.I CT i s bui l
ti nf ourdi mensi ons -namel y comput ing,
communi cations, content ,andhumancapaci ty.

1.Comput
ing

Itisanyactivi
tyt
hatusescomputer
stomanage,process,andcommuni cat
e
i
nformation.I
tincl
udesdevel
opmentofbot
hhardwareandsoftware.Computingisa
cr
iti
cal
,integr
alcomponentofmoderni
ndustr
ial
technol
ogy
.(en.m.
wi ki
pedi
a.org)

1.
1Tr ansit
iontoBroadband
I
n t el
ecommunications, br
oadband is wi de bandwi
dth data
tr
ansmi ssi
on whi ch transport
s mul
ti
ple si
gnal
s and t
raf
fi
ctypes.The
medium can be coaxi al cable,opti
cal fi
ber,radi
o or twi
sted pai
r.
(
htt
ps:
//en.
wiki
pedi
a.or
g/wi
ki
/Br
oadband)

Broadbandhav ebeendescr i
bedashigh-speedi nter
netaccessand
si
nceitoffer
shi gh-
qualit
yconnect
ivi
tyi
tal
l
owsuni nt
erruptedvideost
reaming
andcomput eri
zedst ockt r
adi
ngwhichmadebusinesst r
ansactionef
fort
less.
Thus,infr
astructur
e dev el
opmentmustcontinue in orderto achi
evet he
nat
ionalgoalsrelat
edt oICT.

93
 ht
tps:
//what
ismy
ipaddr
ess.
com/
broadband

ht
tps:
//www.
i
money
.ph/
art
icl
es/
broadband-
int
ernet
-pr
ovi
der
s-phi
l
ippi
nes/

1.
2Cl
oudcomput
ingandt
hecl
oudeconomy

Cloudcomput i
ngisanotherinnov at i
oni nthefiel
doft echnology
asitaddr essespr oblemsl i
kelimit
edstor age,cor rupti
onoff i
les,expensive
costofcomput ation,andappl i
cati
onhost ingbyconnect i
ngal ar
gepoolof
systems,whet herpubl i
corpr ivat
e,inordert opr ovideani nfr
astructurefor
comput ati
on,dat aandf il
est or
age.So,wheny oust orey ourphot osonl i
ne
i
nsteadofony ourownper sonalcomput ert erminal,awebmai l
,asoci al
networkingsite,oranonl inebusinessappl icationt heny ouareusi ngcl oud
comput i
ng.Thiswayuser swontencounterpr obl emswher etostoret hei
rfil
es.

94
 ht
tps:
//en.
wiki
pedi
a.or
g/wi
ki
/Cl
oud_
comput
ing

Cloud pr oviders of fers ser v

ices t hatf allundert hr
ee cat egori
es:
softwareasaser vice,platform asaser vi
ce,andi nfrastructureasaser vi
ce.Sof t
war e
asaser vi
cepr ovidesI nternet-
basedappl i
cationst hatar ehostedonacl oudand
theseser vi
cescanbegetbyt hecust omerwi t
houtpay inghugesumsf orserversand
softwarel icenses.Pr oviderswi llsi milar
lybenef itwi thl owercostsi ncet heyonl y
needasi ngleapplicati
ont omai ntainandhost ed.Exampl esofsof t
wareasaser vice
cloudcomput i
ngmodel sar eAcr obat.com andGoogl eDocs.Pl atf
orm asaser vice
all
owst heenduser st odev el
op,bui ld,designandt estappl i
cati
onsusi ngpl atf
orm
provided byt he cloud infrastructure.Exampl esofpl atf
orm asa ser vi
ce cloud
comput ingmodel sar eAzur eSer v i
cesandGoogl eAppEngi nePl atfor
m.Last ly
,
i
nf r
astructureasaser vi
cecomput ingmodelpr ov i
desbasi cstorageandcomput ing
capabili
tiesusi ngser vers,net wor kingequi pment ,st oragesy stems,andt hel i
ke.
Sinceiti sapay -
per-usemodelt hencust omerhav et ousehi sownsof twareont he
i
nf r
astructure.Exampl esar eGoGr idandAmazonWebSer vi
ces.

1.3Dataficat
ion,datamanagement,andbi gdataanalysis
Datafi
cationisthet er
m usedtodescribeanor gani
zationaltrendtotheprocessof
putti
ngt oget
herallthetoolsandtechnologyneededt ot ransform abusi
nessint
oa
datadrivenenter
pr i
se.
Datafi
cationisimpor t
antinensuri
ngt hatbusinessor ganizati
onsandothersimil
ar
establ
ishment shavetotalcontr
oloverthest orage,extracti
on,andmanipulat
ionof

95
dat
aandot herinfor
mat ion.
Busi
nessor ganizat
ionsf el
tondat aandextr
actedknowl
edgeandi
nfor
mat
iont
o
per
form necessarytransact
ionsandoper
ati
ons.

Datamanagementi stheimpl ementati

onofpol i
ciesandpr oceduresthatprov i
des
theguideli
nesfordatacontrol
.Itisconcernwiththelif
ecy cl
eofdat a,
from creat
ion
toret
irement,andtheprogressionofdataf r
om wi t
hineachst ageoft hecycle.With
data managementdupl icati
on can be avoided while synchronizi
ng data across
dif
fer
entsy stem.Italsopr ovi
desaccesst oaccur atedat awhenandwher eitis
neededy etensur
ingfr
eef l
owofi nfor
mationandcommuni cation.

Bigdat
aanalysi
sdescr
ibesthegat
heri
ngandanal
ysi
sofl
arge-
scal
edat
aset
sfor
admini
str
ati
veorcommerci
alpur
poses,

1.4Smar tsy
stems
Today ’
swor ldhavingcomput erormobilephonethatkeepsy ouconnect edis
notenoughbecauset hesy stem thatrubsthem hastobe“ smart”thust hi
spav eto
theupgr adeofy ourgadget sassmar tphones,smartTV,andsmar tcar sarenow
possible.Thi s syst
em moni t
ors,communi cates,measures,analyzes,and act s
vary
ingl evel
sofsmar tsystems.I tmayal socoll
ectdat
a,processthem andpr esent
theinformationtoahumanoper at
orwhoact sbasedontheinformation.Anexampl e
ofthisar esmar ttel
evisionorconnect edtelevi
sionwhichisessent iall
yinter
net
connect ed.

2.Communi
cat
ion

Cany ouimagi nehow peopl ecoul dlivewit houtcommuni cations?Li fecouldbe

l
onel yforsomeonewor ki
ngabr oadbeingfarf rom l
ovedones.Butt hisisnol ongera
problem withthepr esenceoft echnology.Onecancal li
nabl i
nkofaney eusingour
smar tphonethr oughmessenger ,skypeorv i
deocal ltogetconnect edandeaset he
l
onel i
nessofmi ssinghome.Oneoft hemostdr amat i
cchangest hattakespl acein
thef i
eldofcommuni cati
oni sprobablyther apidspreadofmobi let elephony.With
thi
speopl eareal l
owedt ocommuni cateinstantaneouslyatadi stancenomat t
er
wher etheyareasl ongast hereisanexisti
ngnet workthatser
vicest hearea.Mobi l
e
devicesar eextremel yportablet hatitcanf i
ti nyourhandandhav ebecomet he
pri
mar ymodeofi nt ernetaccessf ormanyuser snotonl yindev eloped,butal soin
developingcount r
ies.

Ot
hert
rendst
hathav
eemer
gedsi
nce2010ar
e:

a.Mobil
ephonesisdigi
taldev
icethatcanserv
ethefuncti
onofaradi
o,acamer
a,an
al
arm cl
ock,
av i
deoplayer,afl
ashl
ight,
anaudio,acal
endarandsomuchmore.So,
i
tperf
ormsmulti
plefuncti
onsasidefrom i
tspr
imarypur
poseastel
ephone.

96
b.Thespreadof3Gconnectionsandavail
abl
eWi -
Ficonnecti
onshaveincr
easedthe
useofint
ernetaccesst
hroughmobilephones,makingitpossi
blet
oaccessone’se-
mailaddr
ess,doonli
nebanking,
andvideochatusi
ngahandl eddev
ice.

c.Thepriceofmobil
ehandsetsandmobi lephoneusagehasbeenfal
li
ng.Unli
ke
bef
orewher emobi
lephoneisconsider
edal uxur
yatpresenty
oucanaf
for
dtohave
onebecauseiti
scheapestnowthanithaseverbeen.

d.Ther ampantav ail

abil
i
tyanduseofsmar tphoneshasl edt othecreati
onofnew
mobi l
e appli
cati
ons orwhatwe cal led “
apps”t hatallows mobi l
e devices to
substi
tuteforper
sonal computers.
e.Tabl etcomput ers have also emer ged wit
h bui l
t-
inf uncti
ons of personal
comput er
si nport
abledev i
ces.Italsodesignedtobecont i
nuouslyonli
neanduse
cloud serv
ices.Likesmar tphones,t heuseoft abletcomput ershasi ncreased
foll
owingitsadoptionofgovernmentandi nter
nat
ionalagencies,whichseesitasan
i
mpor tantdevel
opmentt ool
.

So,canyouappr eciatethecomf ortyouexper i

encenowaday scomparedt o
theancientti
mewher epeopl eli
vewithouttechnology?Athomey oucanusedy our
comput erfordoing r esearch works,pr oject
s and pr epar
ing assi
gnment.For
communi cati
on purposes y ou can geti nt ouch withy ourlov
ed ones abroad,
classmatesandfri
endst hroughv i
deocallormessengerwi t
hyoursmartphoneusing
i
nt er
net.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Phot
oAnal
ysi
s
Wit
hyouranal
yzat
ionont
hephot
obel
ow,
howdoy
out
hinkt
echnol
ogyhel
psmobi
l
e
compani
esint
hisera?

ht
tps:
//www.
tgdai
l
y.com/
technol
ogy
/technol
ogy
-how-
technol
ogy
-hel
ps-
mobi
l
e-compani
es-
in-
thi
s-
er
a/

97
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_.

3.Content
TherelevanceofI CTi
stiedt oitsabili
tytobei ntegratedintothe
delivery of t raditi
onal serv
ices l ike educat i
on, busi ness, and
empl oyment.Andi tsmeaningfulusagei scar r
iedouti fitisappli
edt o
speci fi
c dev elopment goal sl i
ke l i
teracy,pov ertyr eduction,and
sust ainabl
edev elopment .
4.HumanCapaci t
y
Iti
simpor t
antt oacqui
real lt
henecessar yskil
lsandknowl edge
relatedt oICTi nor dertounderst
and,par ti
cipat
eact i
velyin,andbenef i
t
fullyf r
om ICT. I mpr ovi
nghumancapaci tymeansI CTi neducat i
onand
trainingatalllevelsofsociet
yincludingdistancelearni
ng.

What ’
sNew
Learni
ngAct i
vit
y:ConnectedorDisconnected?
Choosewhet herthefoll
owingdev i
cesorapplicati
onsconnector
di
sconnectpeoplef r
om eachother.Expl
ainyouranswer .
1.Messenger
____
_ _
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2.Facebook
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__
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________
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_ _
__.
3.PlayStati
on
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_ _
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____
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__
__
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________
_______
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__.
4.Tabletcomputers
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__
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________
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__.
5.Drones
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________
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6.Smar tTV

98
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_
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________
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.
7.Mobi l
eGames
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_
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________
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.
8.Digit
al Cameras
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_
_
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.
9.PokemonGo
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_
_
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.
10.Instagram
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_
_
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____
.

LESSON

2 Benef
it
sofTechnol
ogy
99
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__

LearningConcept
Therearecount l
essbenef i
tsoftechnologyi
tdoesnotonl yprovi
dej obs
tomill
ionsofpeopl ear oundthewor l
dbutf orstimul
ationofi nnovat
ionand
busi
nessexpansi on.New andmor eadv anceethnol
ogiesar eneededf orthe
cont
inuous compet iti
veness ofbusiness and an i ndispensabletoolf or
i
ndustryleader
stost ayont op.

1.Di
rectjobcreati
on
The ICT industry cont
inues to be one oft he l
argestsources of
employment.From thecoreICTgr oup,t
hegreat
estnumberofest abl
ishments
arefoundinICTenabl edservi
ces,broadcastmedia,andcomput erhardwar
e,
whil
et heonest hatempl oystheut mostnumberofwor ker
sar eIT-BPM,
el
ectroni
csandsemi conductors,andcomputerhardwarefi
rms.

2.Emergenceofnewservi
cesandindustr
ies
TheemergenceofICTpavedthewayf orpubl
icservi
cestogai
ngreater
accessi
bil
it
ybyusingonl
inechannel
sandmobi lephones.I
CThasal sol
edt o
thecreati
onofacompl etel
ynew sector,whichistheappi ndust
ry.Study
showsthatFacebookappalonehascreatedmor et
han182,000jobsin2011,
andthattheaggregat
evalueoftheFacebookappeconomyexceedsUSD12
bil
l
ion.

3.Tr ansformationoftheworkforce
I
CThaspushedt heboundariesoft hewor kplacestr
ucturejusthow
onlinecl assesdone.Ifyouwantt oteachonli
neabr oadnoneedf ory
out ogo
abroadl ikeChinaandJapanbutst ayatthecomf ortofyourhomeand
technol ogywillhandleit
.Beingempl oyednowaday sdoesnothav etomean
thaty ouhav etobephy si
cal
lypresentintheactualcompanyorestabl
ishment.
Fil
ipinosar esosmar ttosellandadv ert
iseproductsonli
neusingFacebook
thatt hey no l ongerneed a phy sicalstor
et o display
.Sell
ing product
s
nowaday sisaccessibl
e.

4.Busi
nessi
nnov
ati
on

100
 I
CT pr
ovidesal ltheneededt oolsforbusinessexpansionandi nnov
ati
on.
Socialnetwor
kingsiteshav eproventhemselvesasef f
ect
iveandpower f
ulmarket
ing
tool
ssuchasFacebook, onl
inestorelikeShoppeandLazada.Fili
pinosaresosmart
tosel landadverti
sepr oduct sonli
neusi ngFacebookthattheynol ongerneeda
physicalst
oretodisplay.Sell
ingproductsnowadaysisaccessi
ble.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:Technol
ogyi
ntheCl
assr
oom

VideoVi wei
ng.Theremayst i
llbesomeappr ehensionsintheuseof
technologyintheclassroom butforthemostpar t,t
hereisaccept
ance
thattechnologyplaysav i
talr
oleinimprovinglearni
nginsidet
he
classroom.Thesev ideosshowsdi ff
erentperspecti
vesonhow
technologycanbeut i
l
izedeff
ectiv
elyasopposedt obei
ngan
i
mpedi menttostudentlearni
ng.

1.TheFut
ureofEducat
ion(Lear
ningandTeachi
ng)
(Pr
esent
edbyPocketMedia)
ht
tps:
//www.
yout
ube.
com/
wat
ch?
v=9DwQDL6K3ws
2.Technol
ogyinEducat
ion:AFutur
eCl
assr
oom
(pr
esentedbyNemroffPict
ures)
ht
tps:
//www.
yout
ube.
com/
wat
ch?
v=uZ73ZsBkcus
3.5Technol ogi
esthatwi
llChangeClassr
oom educat
ion
(PresentedbyAJ+)
htt
ps://
www.yout
ube.
com/watch?
v=l m8I
oFL5gT_

LESSON WeakestLi
nkinaSy
stem

3 usi

_
__
ngSt
Thi
nki
_
__
ng
_
__
r
at

_
__
egi

_
__
candI

_
___
__
nt

_
__
ui

_
_
t

_
i
v

_
_
e

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__

101
 Lear
ningConcept
Whi let hepot entialbenef it
sofI CTar eabundant ,somechal lengesst i
ll
needt obeaddr essedi nor dert omaxi mizethef ul
lgainsf rom i nvest i
nginthis
technology .
Ast odat e,per sonalcomput ersar est i
llprohibi ti
v el
yexpensi vef or
many .Thi sist her easonwhyshar edaccesst hroughcommuni tycentersand
cybercaf esi sst illpract iced.Compl ementar yt echnologi est hatar enon-PC
devicesl ikemobi lephonesshoul dbemadei ntoav i
ableopt ion.
Mobi let elephonyhasi mprov edwor l
dwi debuti tst i
llremai nsexpensi ve,
l
imited,unr eliablei nrur alar eas,remot eisland,andpooratpr ovi
dingdat a
connect i
on.
I
nsev eralcases,cont entisnotmeani ngf ulorl ocal lyr elevanttot he
enduser s.Thesy stem todayt endst omaket heconsumer spassi vereci
pient
ofi nformat ioni nst eadofcr eatorsandpr oducer sofl ocali nf ormati
on.I n
additi
on, r i
chcont entrequi redmul timedia,which, inturn, requi resaconsi stent
andr eli
abl ebr oadbandconnect i
vity.
Comput erl it
eracyr emainsachal l
enge.Thi smeanst hatuser sneedt o
beawar e, li
terate, andi nnov ati
vetomaxi mizet hef ul
lgai nsf rom I CT.Justas
readingandmat hemat icall i
teracyar econsideredaspr ior i
tiesandnecessi ties
bybot ht hest at eandsoci ety,thesameshoul dbet ruef orI CT.I CTi sa
l
anguageofi tsown.Peopl ear eempower edift heycanmast ert hislanguage.

What
’sNew
Learni
ngAct i
vi
ty:SeeSawBattl
e
Li
statl
istt
hreeposit
iveandthreenegat
iveef
fect
softheprol
i
fer
ati
onoftheuseofI
CTi
n
Soci
ety
.Howdoy oubalancetheuseofICTtomini
mizeit
snegat
iveef
fect
s?

102
LESSON ICTtoFaci
l
itat
eSoci
al

4 Rel
at
Mov
_
___
__
i
onshi
ement
_
___
__
psandPol
s
_
___
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___
__
i
t

_
_
i
cal

__
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__

103
 Lear
ningConcept

Technol
ogyhasbecomeani
ntegr
alpar
tofpeopl
e’
sli
v th
esandi as
changedt hewaywet hink,
communi cateandpl anev ent
swithfr
iends.
Howev er,wit
htheex pansi
onoft heinternetand communicati
onand
thecreati
onsofe-mai l
sandsocialnetwor kssuchasTweet er ,
Facebook,andI nst
agram socialrelat
ionshipst ookthei
rfir
ststeps
towardsacompl et
elynew era.Thedev elopmentofbot hsoftware
andhar dwaremakescommuni cat i
onmucheasi er.

I
CTf aci
l
itat
esocialrel
ati
onshi
pasi tmakespeoplecl
oser.Wecan
i
nstantl
yt extorcallusi
ngourphoneandwi tht
hepresenceofsoci
almedia
peoplecaneasi l
yupdatethemsel
veswitht
helat
estt
rendsandgetconnect
ed
wit
hf r
iendsandl ovedones.

Technologiessuchasr adi
o,t
heI nt
ernetandt hemobil
ephoneprovides
av ari
etyofi l
l
ust rat
ionsoft hei
rusesandappl icati
onsinsoci
alstruggles,
l
argeandsmal lforpolit
icalmovements.Poli
ti
cianstakessomuchadv antage
on technologyas i thel ps t
hem buildtheirimage bybr oadcast
ing their
pl
atformsandachi evementtogainpopular
ityfr
om people.

 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Phot
oAnal
ysi
s

Analy
zedthephot
obel
owandexpl
ainhowt
echnol
ogymakespeopl
e
connect
ed.

ht
tps:
//www.
thechi
efof
fi
cer
.com/
Nur
tur
ing-
Posi
ti
ve-
Rel
ati
onshi
ps.
html

104
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__.

LESSON

5
I
nter
vent
iontoI
mprov
e
HumanLifeusi
ngI
CT

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__

LearningConcept
Technologyhas help human r ace t
remendouslybutwi tht he
count
lessposi ti
vi
tyi tbri
ngsitcoul
dst il
ldestr
oyhumanandr el
ati
onshipif
usedwr onglyandexcessi vel
y.Agr owingupchi l
di fall
owedt oexcessi
vely
usedmobi l
ef orentertai
nmentthentechnologywil
lli
kel
ydest r
oythatchi
ldfor
i
tcouldpossi blyleadt omobileaddicti
onandl osesi nt
erestatschool.So,
105
usedoft
echnol
ogyamongchi
l
drenshoul
dber
egul
atedandgui
dedbypar
ent
s.

Te

 What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Phot
oAnal
ysi
s

Whatdoyouthi
nkthephot
obelowill
ust
rat
e?Whati
nter
vent
ionyoucould
possi
blycomeuptosavehumanr
elat
ionshi
pwitht
hepr
esenceoftechnol
ogy?

htt
ps:
//www.i
ri
shti
mes.com/ l
i
fe-
and-
sty
le/heal
th-
famil
y/parenti
ng/how-
t
echnol
ogy-
and-
social
-medi
a-i
s-under
mini
ng-f
ami l
y-
rel
ati
onships-1.
3568291

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WhatIhav
elear
ned

106
  Infor mat ionandCommuni cationTechnol ogies( I
CT)r eferst ot echnol ogi es
thatpr ov i
deaccesst oinformat iont hr ought elecommuni cat i
ons.Iti ssimi l
ar
toI nformat i
on Technol ogy( I
T) ,butf ocuses pr imarilyon communi cat ion
technol ogies.
 Comput ing i sanyact i
vityt hatusescomput erst o manage,pr ocess,and
communi catei nf ormation.I ti ncludesdev elopmentofbot hhar dwar eand
sof twar e.
 Br oadbandi st hemostusedf orm ofI nternetaccessbecauseofi tshi gh
accessspeeds;i tisof f
eredi nf ourdi ffer entf orms,DSL( orDi gi
talSubscr iber
Line) ,alsof iber-opt i
c,cable,andsat elli
te.
 Cloudcomput i
ngi stheon- demandav ai labi l
i
tyofcomput ersy stem r esour ces,
especi all
y dat a st orage and comput ing power ,wi thout di rect act ive
managementbyt heuser .
 Dat af i
cation i s a col l
ectivet ool s,t echnol ogies and pr ocesses used t o
transf orm anor gani zati
ont oadat a-driv enent erpri
se.
 Dat aManagementcompr isesal ldi scipl inesr elat
edt omanagi ngdat aasa
val uabler esour ce.
 BigDat aAnal ysisdescr i
best hegat her ingandanal ysisofl ar
ge- scal
edat a
set sf oradmi ni
st rati
veorcommer cial pur poses.
 Smar tsy stemsi ncor poratef unct ionsofsensi ng,act uation,andcont roli n
ordert odescr i
beandanal yzeasi tuat i
on,andmakedeci sionsbasedont he
av ailabledat ainapr edict
iveoradapt ivemanner ,therebyper f
ormi ngsmar t
act ions.
 Communi cat i
ont hei mpar t
ingorexchangi ngofi nformat i
onornews.

4. Assessment

I
.Essay
:Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ion.

1.How does Inf

ormati
on and Communi
cat
ions Technol
ogy(
ICT)cont
ri
but
eto
nat
ional
dev
elopment?

_
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_
_
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___
___
.

2.Howdothef
ourdimensi
onsofICTbr
ingaboutbet
terdel
i
ver
yofsoci
alser
vicesi
n
botht
heur
banandrural
sett
ing?

107
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_
_
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___
_.

3.Howwoul dyouassesstheimpactoftechnol
ogytosoci ety?Expl
ainyouranswer
bygiv
ingexamples.
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__.
4.HowdoesI CTactascataly
sttopoli
ti
calandsocialchanges?
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5.HowdoesI CTaff
ectthecountr
y’seconomy ?
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___.

I
IPer
for
manceTask

Wri
teaposi
tionpaperthatexplainsy
ouri
deaaboutt
herol
es,benef
it
s,andi
l
l-
eff
ect
sofICTtoPhili
ppi
nespolit
ics,economy,
soci
ety
,andcul
tur
e.Givecl
ear
exampl
estoback-
upy ourar
gument s.

108
 12
Tr
ends, Networksand
Cr
it
icalThinki
ngi nt
he
st
21 Cent ury

Quar
ter2–Modul
e7:
Neur
alandSoci
alNet
wor
ks

109
 Thisinstructi
onalmat eri
alwas col l
aborat
ivel
y devel
oped and rev
iewed by
educatorsfr
om publ i
candpr ivateschools,col
legesanduni ver
siti
es.Weencourage
teachersandot hereducationstakehol
derst oemai lthei
rfeedback,commentsand
recommendationst otheDepartmentofEducati
[email protected].
ph.

Wev
aluey
ourf
eedbackandr
ecommendat
ions.

Depar
tmentofEducat
ion•Republ
icoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

TABLEOFCONTENTS

PAGE
WhatINeedt oKnow ………………………………………….. 113
ModuleContent
s …………………………………………… 113
Lear
ningObject
ives …………………………………………… 113
General
Inst
ruct
ions …………………………………………… 114
WhatIknow …………………………………………… 114
Lear
ningConcept ……………………………………………. .
. 116
What’
sNew ……………………………………………… 120
WhatIhavelear
ned ……………………………………………… 127
PostTest ………………………………………………
KeytoAnswers ……………………………………………….

110
 Modul
e7
Neur
alandSoci
alNet
works

WhatINeedt
oKnow

Thewor l
dhasbecomesmal lerf
orhumani t
ybecauseoft hemaj ortrendsand
development sininformati
onandcommuni cationt echnol
ogyint he21stcent ury.The
fast
-pacedpr oduct i
onofknowl edge,informat ion,andcommuni cat
iont echnology
anditsapplicationbecamet hebr idgethatconnect edust oeachandev er
ycor nerof
thewor l
d.Eachoneofusi sconnect edinonewayoranot hertodi f
ferentgroupsor
contactsbecauseoft hesigni
ficantdev el
opment sinthef i
eldsofcommuni cat i
on
andtransportation.Becauseoft helinksthattechnol ogyhascr eat edintoeachofour
l
ives,iti
sinevitablethatouracti
onscannowi nfluencethosear oundus.Anact ionor
acti
vityofani ndivi
dualcanaf f
ectt hoseinot herpar tsoftheglobe.Needl esst osay ,
i
thasbecomei nevit
ablethatourconnect ionsandsoci alrelationwi thot herscan
producediverseconsequences.

Themodulediscussestheconceptofrelat
ionshipsandnetworksinsoci
etyi
n
st
the 21 centur
y.Itlooks intothe natur
e ofconnect i
ons,rel
ati
onships,soci
al
networ
ks,and neuralnetworks.Itcompar es as wellthe connecti
on ofneural
st
networ
kswithsoci
alnetworksandit
simportanceint he21 centur
y.

Thi
smodul
ehast
wo(
2)l
essons:

111
  Lesson1-Connecti
ons,Relat
ionshi
psandNet
wor
ks
 Lesson2-NeuralandSocialNetworks

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

Aftergoingthrought hi
smodul e,youareexpectedto:
1.Dif
ferenti
at econnectionsfrom rel
ati
onship,andnetworks
2.Compar et heneuralnetwor kswithsocialnet
wor ks(HUMSS_ MCT12-11g-3)
3.Establi
shl i
nkagebetweensel fandthesocialnetworkonebelongsto
4.Demonst ratehowt hinkingprocessesar eshapedbysocialr
elati
onshi
ps
5.I
dentifythesignifi
cantsoci alr
olesstudentsplaywit
hinthecommuni t
ybycreat
ing
asocialmapoft hei
rrelationshi
ps.

Gener
alI
nst
ruct
ions

Toachi
evet hecompet enciesoft hi
smodul e,completethef ol
lowing:
8.Under standandf ollowt hei
nstructi
onscarefull
y .
9.Accompl i
sht hepr e-testtoidenti
fyyourpreparednessaboutt helessonsin
thi
smodul e.
10.Refery ouranswer st othegivenanswerkey .
11.Readeachl essonanddoact i
vit
iesprovi
dedf oryou.
12.Demonst ratet heact i
vit
iestoguideyouincompr ehendingthelessons.
13.Taket hesel f-testaftereachlessontoassessy ourunderstandi
ngoft he
topics.
14.Answert hepost -
testtomeasur ehowmuchy ouhav egainedf r
om the
topics.

WhatIknow
ANTICIPATI
ONREACTI ONGUIDE
Di
recti
ons: Bef
orethemodulest
udy.Pl
aceacheckmark(
√)onthe“Befor
ethe
modul
estudy”col
umnifyouagr
eewit
hthestat
ementandacrossmark
(
x)i
fyoudonotagree.

Af
tert
hemodul
est
udy.Gobackt
othi
sact
ivi
tyaft
ery
ouhaveread
t
hemodul
e.Pl
aceacheckmark(√)onthe“
Aftert
heModul
eStudy”

112
col
umni fy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hest
atementandacr
ossmar
k(x)i
fyoudo
notagr
ee.

Beforet
he Aft
erthe
module modul e
study STATEMENT Study

1.Examplesofrel
ati
onalunit
sinclude
nei
ghbourhood,f
ri
endship,al
l
iance,or
tr
adenetworks.

2.Anexampleofanaf f
il
iat
ionalnet
wor k
i
st he dist
ributi
on of the diff
erent
prov
inci
alpopulat
ionbasedonr el
igion
orethni
caff
il
iati
ons.

3.Act
orsarealsocal
ledasnodesand
ver
ti
cesi
nsocial
net
workanal
ysi
s.

4.Noder
efer
stothet i
ethatl
i
nkactor
s
t
ooneanother
.Itshowswhatl
inksA
t
oB

5.Tri
adisthebasi
cuni
tofsoci
al
net
workswhichismadeupofapai
rof
act
ors.

6.Networ
kscanberepresent
edusi
ng
gr
aphsormatr
ices.

7.Thehumanbr aini
scal
ledabi ol
ogical
neur
alnetworkwhichi
smadeupofan
i
nter
connectedwebofneur onsthat
tr
ansmitpat
ternsofel
ectr
icalsi
gnals.

8.Neuronsref
ert
othebasi
ccomput
ing
uni
tsofthener
voussyst
em.

9.Neur
alnetworksarest
ructur
edi
n
l
ayer
sconsisti
ngofanumberof
i
nter
connectednodeswhichhasan

113
 act
ivat
ionf
unct
ion.

10.
Soci
al networkanal
ysi
sall
owsust o
syst
emat ical
lyshowhowinteract
ions
amonggr oupmembersledtoa
part
icularoutcomeordeci
sion.

Connecti
ons,Rel
ati
onshi
ps,
And
Networks
_
___
___
___
___
______
____
____
_____
Lear
ningConcept
Socialrel
ati
onslinkeachofust oapar ti
culargr
oupandt heser el
at i
ons
thatconnectuswi thotherscanpr oducedi ver
seconsequences.Thi slessonl ooks
i
ntot hev erynat ureofsocialrelations.Itexplainshow relati
onshipsar eformed
throughtheconnect i
onsthatexistamongi ndiv
idual
swhet herstudents,teacher s,
schools,empl oyees,oradmini
str
at ors.Ituncoverstheimportanceofconnect ionsin
understanding the natur
e ofsoci alnet wor ks atthe same time ,st udents will
understandt henat ur
eofconnect ion,relat
ionships,andnetworksinunder standing
socialnetworks.

What
’sNew
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
Howt
oDev
elopNet
wor
ks?

114
 Eachoneofushasasetofsocialnetworks.Theacti
vi
tybel
owshowst he
dif
ferentnetworksthatwefor
m.Readeachquest i
onbelowandanswerthem by
yourself
.Wr i
teallt
henamesofindi
vi
dualsthatyoucanthinkofasyouanswerall
the
questionsbelow.
Quest
ion Answer

1.Whoar
ethememberofy
our
i
mmediat
efami
l
y?

2.Whom doy ouusual

l
yhangout
wi
thortalkwit
hduri
ngthe
weekends?

3.Wheny ouneedtomake
i
mportantdeci
sionsaboutyour
per
sonalorprof
essionall
i
fe,
whom doyouseekf oradvi
ce?

4.Whenyoufeell
onelyorsad,
whom doyoucall
ortalkwit
hto
di
scussyourpr
oblem ?

5.I
fyouneededfi
nanci
alhel
p,
whom doyouusual
lygoto?

Gui
deQuest
ions
1.Whatdidyounoti
cefrom thelistofnamest
haty
ouwrote?Dideachquest
ion
gener
ateadiffer
entlistofnames?Di di
tcont
ainsi
milarnamesforevery
quest
ion?Wri
teyourobservat
ions.

2.Checkt
henamesofthepersonsthaty
ouwr
oteforeachquest
ion,whi
ch
nameswoul
dusual
l
ycomeoutoft
en?Howmanyt
imesdidt
henameshow?

3.Eachl i
str epr
esentsadi f
ferentsocialnetworkfory ouandmostl i
kel
yit
overl
apswi thothernetworks.Labelthelistt
hatyoudev el
opf oreachnumber
bygivinganamef oreachlisttorepresentaparti
cularsocialnetwor
k.You
cancr eateforexampl e,“af amil
ynet work,
”“aprofessionalcareersuppor
t
network,”ora“personaladvi
cenetwor k.
”

4.Li
stal
lthenamesforeachnet
wor
kthaty
oufor
medf orev
erynumber
.Ident
if
y
aswel
ltheageandgenderoft
henamesiny
ourl
ist
.

115
 Whati
sIt

NETWORKS

ZeevMaoz( 2011, 7and38- 39)inNet workofNat i

ons, defi
nesnetwork
asasetofuni t
slikener ves,species,indiv
idual
s,i
nsti
tutionsorst at
es,anda
rul
et hatdet er
mines t he “magni tude,and/ordirect
ion oft i
es”thatexist
betweenanyt wosoci alentit
iesornodes.I nmostcases, thesamenodescan
besimul t
aneouslyrelatedtomul t
iplenetworkswitheachnet workdefi
nedby
a parti
cularsetofr ules.Forexampl e,a group ofper sons i
n a church
organi
zation may be a memberofdi ffer
entnetwor ks like a f
ri
endship
networks, neighbor hood net wor ks, or communi ty-based net works
(Maoz,2011,40)
.Asetofnet workst hatismadeupoft hesamesetofnodes
i
sknownasahy pernetwor koramul ti
plex

Net works can be cl assi f

ied i
ntot wo t ypes,namel yr elati
onaland
aff
ili
ationalnet wor ks.Rel ati
onalnet works or one- mode net works ar e
character i
zedbyr ulesthatdet erminethepr esence,directi
on,andext entofa
rel
ationship between any t wo uni t
s.Exampl e ofr elat
ionaluni tsi nclude
neighbor hood,fr
iendship ,al liance,ortradenet works.Affi
li
ationnet wor ks
ref
ert onet worksi nwhicht her uledeterminesanaf fi
li
ati
onofauni twi than
event,or ganizat
ion,orgr oup.Exampl es ofaf fi
li
ati
onalnet wor ks include
member ship in a pr ofessional organization, national member ship i n
i
nternat i
onalogani zati
ons,ort he distr
ibuti
on oft he diff
erentpr ovincial
populationbasedont heirrel
igionorethnicaf f
ili
ati
ons.

CONNECTI
ONS

Connect i
on ref
erst ot he ti
et hatl i
nks act orst o one anot her.It
i
llustrat eswhatl i
nksunitAt oUni tB.Ther angeofconnect ionsort i
est hatlink
anyt woact or
sar ewide-rangi ng.Exampl esofconnect i
onst hatcanbeused
to show t i
es among act or si ncl
ude behav ioral interact i
ons,phy si
cal
connect ions,associat
ionoraf fi
li
ati
on,ev aluati
onofoneper sonbyanot her
per son, andev enformalr elati
ons.I naschoolset -
upf orexampl e,ti
esamong
act ors can be based on who ar e chat ti
ng wit h each ot her( behav i
or
i
nt eract ion)
,who are seat ed t ogetherdur ing class ordur ing break t i
me
(phy sicalconnect i
on),
whoar et aki
ngt hesamesubj ectsorbel ongi
ngt ot he
samegr oupf oraparticularcl asspr oject( associationoraf fi
l
iati
on),whom
oneconsi dersasaf ri
end( evaluati
onofoneper sonbyanot her).Ori tcanbe
basedonwhohasaut horityov erwhom ( f
or mal r
elations).

116
 Connecti
onsbet weensocialunit
sestabl
i
shesatieorl
inkbetweentwo
actor
sorsoci aluni
ts.Connectionsbetweentwoactor
sform adyad.DYADi s
thebasicunitofsoci alnet
workswhichismadeupofapai rofactors.Bel
ow
areexamplesofady adsocial
net wor
k:

1.Achil
dwhowi shestoformfri
endshi
pt i
eswithanot
herchil
d
2.Astoremanagerconsult
swithhisassi
stantmanager
3.ThePhil
ippi
neswant stoform analli
ancewithanothercount
ryi
n
theSout
heastAsianregi
on.

Whenthr
eeactor
sar
einv
olv
ed,
iti edat
scal
l ri
ad.Exampl
eofat
rai
dincl
udes
t
hefol
l
owing:
1.Achi l
dwhowi shest
oformfriendshi
ptieswitht
woot herchi
ldren
2.Ast or
emanagerconsul tswit
hhi sassi
stantmanagerandstore
3.supervisor
.
4.ThePhi li
ppineswantstoform analli
ancewithtwoot hercountr
ies
i
nt heSout heastAsi
anregi
on

RELATIONSHI PS
In under standi
ng connections,itisi mpor t
antto coll
ecti nformat i
on on
multi
plet i
esi nor dertounder st
andt hedept hofconnectionsort hel ackt hereof
amongsoci aluni tsoractors.Thecol l
ecti
onoft iesamongt heact orsi nagr oupi s
call
edrelati
onshi p.Insoci
alnetwor kanaly
sis,rel
ati
onshi
psrefersto“ acollecti
onof
ti
esofaspeci fi
cki ndmeasuredonpai r
sofact or
s”from aparti
culargr oupofsoci al
enti
ti
es.(Carolan,2014,6)
.Asi ngl
egr oupofact or
scanhav e severaldi f
ferentforms
ofrelat
ionships.Forexampl e,ifyouwantt ostudytheconnectionsofmi ddle-
aged
fr
iends,onecanal solookintotheconnect ionsoft hepar
entsoft hemi ddle-
aged
fr
iends.

What
’sMor
e

Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty:I
dent
if
yingExampl
esofNet
wor
ks

Canyouthi
nkofdi
ff
erentexamplesofrel
ati
onal
andaf
fi
li
ati
onnet
wor
ks?
Wr
it
eyouranswer
sonthedataret
riev
alchar
t.

Rel
ati
onal
Net
wor
ks Af
fi
li
ati
onal
Net
wor
ks

117
 I
nunder standingnetwor ks,it
simperati
vet ounderstandtheconnect i
ons
amongsoci alunitsincl
udingt heef f
ectsoroutcomesassoci at
edwiththese
connections.The“ socialunits”referredtoi
nt hiscontextarecall
edactors.Actors
aredefinedas“ di
scretei
ndiv i
dual orcoll
ect
ivesocialunits.
”Intheactiv
ityabove,the
namesofpeopl eli
stedinoneoft henet wor
ksy ouhavef ormedar etheactorsinthe
network.Theuseoft heterm actorsdoesnotmeant hatt heyperf
orm apar t
icul
ar
acti
onbuti tisasoci alunitthatisplay i
ngaroleinalargersocialsystem.”

Exampl
eofaFami
l
yNet
wor
kofFr
anci
s

Name Gender Age

Fr
anci
s Mal
e 26

Jane Femal
e 22

Er
nest Mal
e 42

James Mal
e 38

Thetableaboveisanexampleofanegonetwork.Egonet worksi smadeupofa

focalactorornodecalledegoandthenodestowhom theegoi sdirectl
yconnectedorli
nked.
Thesesoci aluni
tstowhom theegoisconnect
edarecall
edalters.I
nt heexampleabove,
Francisistheegowhi l
eJane,Er
nest,
andJamesaretheal t
ers.Francishasaconnectionor
ti
ewi t
heachoft hefamil
ymember.

Anegonetwor
kal
sost
atest
het
iest
hatexi
stbet
weent
heal
ter
s.Thi
sisknownasa
f
ir
st-
orderegonet
.

118
 Di
agr
am Anal
ysi
s

Af
ir
st–or
deregonetofCount
ryX’
sti
eswi
thot
hercount
ri
es

A B
A
A

X
A

C D

A A

E
A

Asecond-or
deregonetofCount
ryX’
sti
eswi
thot
hercount
ri
es

G
A

R A
A A

P G

A A

119
J X J
 A A A

LESSON Neur
alNetwor
ksand

2
Soci
alNet
works
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Lear
ningConcept

Socialnetworksandneur alnetworksar einterrelatedconcept sbecause

both dealwi t
hi denti
fying and tr
acing patter
ns,t rends,connect ions,and
rel
ati
ons.Socialnetwor klooksint
ot herelat
ionsofagr oupofsoci alentit
ies
andanyi nformationwithr egar
dt oeachact ori ncludingt her elat
ionswi thin
the network whi l
e neur alnetworks develop meani ng from compl ex or
i
naccuratepatterns.Neur alnet
workscanbeconsi der edasanappl icati
onof
the socialnetwor k analysi
s because neur alnet wor ks can be used t o
eff
ecti
velyidentif
yconnect i
onsandr el
ati
ons.I tcanbeut il
i
z edt oex t
ract
patt
ernsand t racetrendsandconnect i
onst hatar ev er
ycompl icated for
humanst oprocess.

Thel essondiscussest henat ur

eofneur alnet
works.Itexplai
nshow
neuralnet
wor kscanbel ikenedt othefuncti
onsofthehumanbr ai
n.Itl
ooks
i
ntot hechar act
eri
sti
csofneur alnetworksand it
sapplicati
on intoday’
s
soft
war et
echnology.Ital
sodi scussestheconnecti
onofsocialnetwor
kswith
neuralnet
wor ks.

What
’sI
n

Pr
esentandexpl
ainy
ouregonet
.

120
 What
’sNew
Lear
ningActi
v i
ty:ConceptDiagnosi
s
Whatisaneuralnet
wor k?Whatwor dcanyouassoci
ati
onwi
thneur
alnet
wor
k?
Wr
it
eyouranswer
susingt henetworktreebelow.

Neur
alNet
wor
k

Whati
sit
NEURALNETWORKS
Dr.Rober tHecht -Nielsen,theinventorofoneoft heear li
est
neur ocomput ers,def inesneur alnet wor kormor ecommonl ycal l
ed“ar tif
ici
al ”
neur alnetwork( ANN)as“ acomput i
ng sy stem madeupanumberofsi mpl e,
highlyi nt
erconnect ed processi ng element s,whi ch pr ocessi nformation by
theirdynami cst ater esponset oext ernal i
nputs”(Shiffman, 2012) .
Themostcommonexampl eofar ti
fici
alneur alnet workconsi stsof
threegr oupsorl ayersofuni ts,calledast hei nputl ayer,hi ddenl ayer,and
outputl ayer.Thel ayerofi nputuni tsisconnect edt oal ay erofhi ddenuni ts.
Thehi ddenl ayer sar econnect edt oal ayerofout putuni ts.Theact i
vit
yoft he
i
nputuni t
sr epresent sther aw informat i
ont hatisf edi ntot henet wor k.The
actionofeachhi ddenuni tdependsont heact i
vi
t i
esoft hei nputuni tsandt he
wei ghtsont heconnect i
onsbet weent heinputandt hehi ddenuni t
s.The
response oft heout putuni tisdet ermi nedbyt heact ivityoft hehi ddenuni t s
andt hewei ghtsbet weent hehi ddenandout putuni ts.

PhotoAnaly
sis
Thedi
ff
erentl
ayer
sandconnect
ionsofanar
ti
fi
cialneur
alnet
wor
k

Hi
ddenLay
ers

connect
ions

121
 Sour
ceUni
ver
sit
yofWisconsin(
2007).“
TheBasi
csOfNat i
onalNetworks.”
AccessedonAugust1,
2016.www.pages.
cs.
wisc.
edu/
-bol
o/shi
pyar
d/neural
/l
ocal.htm

ThePer
cept
ron

The per ceptron isinvent

ed by Fr ank Rosenblatt at t
he Cornell
Aeronaut
icall
abor atoryi
n1957.Aperceptr
oni sthesimplestneutr
alnetwork.
I
tisacomput ati
onalmodelofasi ngleneuron.Iti
smadeupofoneormor e
i
nputs,apr ocessor ,andasingl
eoutput
.Itf ol
l
owst he“feed-
forward”model.
I
nt hi
smodel ,t
hei nputsaresenti
ntot
heneur on.Thentheyareprocessedand
theresul
tareshowni nanoutput(
Shif
fman,2012).

Phot
oAnaly
sis
ThePer
cept
ron

I
nput0

Out
put

I
nput1 Pr
ossesor

Sour
ce:Dani
elShi
ff
man(2021)
.TheNatureofCodes:Sti
mul
ati
ngNatural
System wi
thProcessing.
AccessedonAugust1,
2016.ht
tp:
//nat
ureof
code.
com/book/
chapter
-10-
neur
al-
networks/

Char
act eri
sticsofNeur alNet works
1.Pr ocesst heinfor mationLiket heHumanbr ain
Itiscomposedof“ alar
genumberofhi ghlyinterconnect
ed
processi ngelement s( neutrons)worki
nginparalleltosolveaspecifi
c
problem.Theycannotbepr ogrammedt operf
orm aspeci fi
ctask.
(Stergi
ouandSi ganos, n.d.
)
2.“ Connect i
onist”comput ati
onalsystem
Thissy stem ispr ocedural.Aprogram star
tsatt hefir
stcode,t
hen
executesi t,andi tgoesont othenext,f
oll
owinginst r
ucti
onsinalinear
manner .(Shif
fman, 2012) .

122
 3.Havetheabi l
it
yt olear
n
Aneuralnetworkisnotjustacompositesystem butacomplex
adapti
vesyst
em t hatcanalt
eritsi
nter
nalst
ructur
ebasedont he
i
nformati
onfl
owi ngt hr
oughit(Shi
ff
man,2012).

Di
agr
am.Neur
onsandt
hePat
hwayf
ort
heFl
owofi
nfor
mat
ion

Soci
alNet
wor
ks
Soci
alnet
wor kismadeupofa“ subsetofnodest hatareorgani
zedthrough
t
hei
rti
eswitheachot her”(Maoz2011, 38).
Soci
alnet
wor kasasetofr elat
ions“ madeupofwhoknowswhom, whoi sa
f
ri
endofwhom, orwhot alkswit
hwhom”(Car ol
an,2014,7)
Soci
alnet
wor kdef i
nesasasetofr elati
onsthatapplytoasetofact or
s, as
wel
lasanyaddit
ionalinformati
onont hoseactorsandr elat
ions.
”(Chri
sti
naPr ell
(
2012,8-
9)
Threeessenti
alelement sofsocialnetworks
(Carolan2014,7)

1.Iti
smadeupofasetofact ors
2.Everyact
orhasasetofindi
vidualat
tri
but
es
3.Itathasasetoft
iesorconnecti
onsthatdef
ineatl
eastoner
elat
ion
amongact or
s

Social net work analysis f ocuses on t he” measur ement of t he

characterist
ics ofli
nkages bet ween ‘unit
’,whet herindiv
iduals,groups or
organizati
onst hatform adef inedpopul at
ion,”
(Holton2008,50)Anal ysisof
socialnet worksprov i
deani ncreaseunder standingoft he“ morphological
patterns”wi thi
n networks and i tcenters on questions thatexplain why
cl
ust ers and connecti
ons form wi t
hin socialli
fe,and anal yzes “
networ k
compl exi
tiesanddirecti
onalasy mmet r
iesinnetwor kli
nks”(Holton2008,50)

123
 What
’sMor
e
Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty:
Phot
oAnal ysi
s
How2DFacialscanner
srecor
dident
it
ies

Scannerstar
tsreadi
ng Point
sar etr
ansf
err
ed Onceamat chis
Geomet r
yofface,pl
ott
ing t
oadat abaseasan foundanidenti
ty
Featur
esonagr id algor
it
hm ofnumbers canbev er
ifi
ed

Howdoesfacial
recogni
tiont
echnol
ogyserveasanexampl
eofsuper
visedl
ear
ning
st
rat
egy?
Thr
eeSt
rategi
esf orl
earni
ngneut
ralnet
works
1.Superv
isedLearni
ng
Astr
ategyinvolv
esateacherwhi
chisconsi
deredt
obesmar
ter
t
hanthenetworkitsel
f.Anexamplei
sthefaci
alr
ecogni
ti
on
2.Unsupervi
sedLearni
ng
Astr
ategyr
equi
reswhent
herear
enoexampl
edat
aset
swi
thknown
Answer
sandsomeunknownpatter
n.
3.Rei
nfor
cementLearni
ng
Astrat
egythati
sbui
l
tonobser
vat
ionandcommonl
yappl
i
edi
n
Roboti
cs.

GRAPHS

Avi
sualr
epresent
ati
oncanbeusedtounderst
andnetworks.In
t
heexampleabove,Fr
anci
s’net
workcanberepr
esentedv
isual
lyusing
agr
aph.
Agr
aphordigraphisa”v
isual
repr
esent
ati
onofasocialnetwork,

124
 where act or
s arerepresented as node orv er
ti
ces and t
he t
ies
(connecti
ons)arerepresent
edasl i
nes”(Pr
ell
,
2012,9)
.Theli
nesinthe
digr
aphr epresentt
het iesorconnecti
onswhilethearr
owheadshow
thedirect
ionoftheconnecti
ons

Di
agr
am.Exampl
eofaDi
graphofaNet
wor
k

Fr
anci
s

Jame

Er
nest

Jane

WhatIhav
elear
ned

Socialnetworks and neur alnet works ar ei nt

errelat
ed concept s
becausebot hdealwi t
hi denti
fyi
ngandt racingpat t
erns,tr
ends,connect i
ons,
andr elati
ons.Socialnet worklooksi nt
ot her elat
ionofagr oupofsoci al
enti
ti
esandanyi nformat ionwit
hr egardtoeachact orsincl
udingt herelati
ons
wit
hint henetwork.St udyi
ng socialnetwor kall
owsanexper tto proper l
y
i
dentifyandanalyzerelati
onsandconnect ionswi t
hinsociet
y .Neuralnetwor ks,
ont heot herhand,hav etheabi l
it
yt odev elopmeani ngf rom compl exor
i
naccur atepat
ter
ns, I
tcanbeusedt oext
ractpatternsandi dentit
ytrendst hat

125
 ar
etoocomplicat
edf
orhumansorot
hercomput
ert
echni
ques(
Ster
giouand
Si
ganos,
n.d.
)

Neuralnetworkscanbeconsi deredasanappl icat

ionoft hesoci al
networkanalysi
sbecauseneuralnet
wor kscanbeusedt oef f
ecti
vel
yi denti
f y
connectionsandr el
ati
ons.Itcanbeut il
izedtoextr
actpat t
ernsandt race
trendsandconnect i
onsthatarever
ycompl i
cat
edforhumanst opr ocessor
forothercomputerstoperf
orm.

WhatIcando

A neuralnetworkinr
elat
ion t
o soci
alnet
wor
k makes i
tan
i
mpor
tantf
iel
dinar
ti
fici
alint
ell
i
gence.

UsesofNeur
alNet
wor
ksi
nSof
twar
e

UsesofNeural
Networ
ksi
n Descr
ipt
ion
Sof
tware

Pat
ter
nrecogni
ti
on Themostcommonappl
i
cat
ionofneur
alnet
wor
k
Exampl
es:
Faci
alr
ecogni
ti
on
Opt
ical
char
act
err
ecogni
ti
on

Ti
meSer
iesPr
edi
cti
on Neur
alnet
wor
kscanbeusedt
omakepr
edi
cti
ons.
Exampl
es:
Wi
l
lthest
ocki
ncr
ease,
rise,
orf
all
nex
tweek?
Wi
l
litbesunnyorar
ainydayt
omor
row?

Si
gnal
Processi
ng Eari
mplant
sandheari
ngai
dsfil
teroutunnecessar
y
noi
seandincr
easet
heimport
antsounds.

Neur
alnetwor
kscanbetaughttopr
ocessanaudi
o
si
gnalandscr
eeni
tappr
opriat
ely
.

126
 Cont
rol Neuralnet
worksareusedinself
-dri
vi
ngcar
s.Neur
al
networkscanbeusedtodr i
vephysi
calv
ehi
clesor
eventhesimul
atedvehi
cles.

Sof
tSensor
s Neuralnetwor
kscanbeusedtoprocesst
heinput
datafrom manyi
ndi
vi
dualsensor
sandesti
mat e
them asawhole.

Anomal
yDet
ect
ion Neuralnet
wor kscanbeusedt or
ecognizepatt
erns
Theycanbet aughttogenerat
eanoutputwhen
somethingthatdoesn’
tfi
tthepat
ternoccurs.

Sour
ce:Shif
fman(2012)
.“TheNatur
eofCode:Simulati
ngNatur
alSyst
em wit
hProcessi
ng.”
AccessedonAugust1,
2016.ht
tp:
//nat
ureofcode.
com/book/
chapt
er-
10-
neural-
networ
ks/

Appl
icat
ionofNeur
alNet
wor
ks

Opt
ical
Pat
ter
nRecogni
ti
on Eari
mpl
antandhear
ingai
d

Sel
f–dr
ivi
ngcar Sof
tSensor

127
 Neur alnetworksalsohav ediv
er seappl i
cati
onsinsolvi
ngbusinesspr oblem.
Atpresent,theyhav ealreadybeensuccessf ul
lyuti
li
zedinmanyi ndust
ries.Since
neuralnetworksar eeffectivei
nidentif
y i
ngpat ter
nsortrendsindata,t
heycanbe
usedforpr edicti
onorfor ecast
ing.Neur alnetworksareneededinsalesf or
ecast i
ng,
i
ndustrial
pr ocesscont r
ol,cust
omerr esear ch,dat
av al
i
dation,
andr i
skmanagement
(St
ergiouandSi ganos,n.d.)

5. AAssessment
Matchi
ngTy pe:
Di
recti
ons:Choosetheanswerfr
om theli
stont
henextpage.Wr
it
ethel
ett
eroft
he
cor
rectansweront
hefi
rstcol
umn.

1.I
tisacomputat
ionalmodelofasingl
eneuronthati
smade
upofoneormor
ei nput
s,apr
ocessor
,andasingl
eout
put
.

2.I
tismadeupofaf ocalact
orandthepersonsori
ndi
vi
dual
s
t
owhom theegoi
sdirect
lyconnect
edorl
i
nked.

3.Refer
st o setofuni tsli
ke ner
ves,speci
es,indivi
duals,
i
nstit
uti
onsorstates,andarulethatdeter
mineswhet her,
how,and t o whatex t
entare any t
wo unitslinked or
connect
edtooneanother.

4.Thesear ecellsthatprov
ideanimportantsupportfuncti
on
forneurons,bothmetaboli
candphy
sical,becausetheyfor
m
amat r
ixinwhichneuronsgrow.

5.Acomput i
ngsyst
em composedofanumberofsimple,highly
i
nter
connected processi
ng el ement
s, which pr ocess
i
nfor
mat i
on by t
hei
rdy namic stat
eresponse t
o external
i
nputs.

6.I
tref
erst
othebasi
ccomput
inguni
tsoft
hener
voussy
stem

7.Avisualr
epresent
ati
onofasoci
alnet
work,
wheretheactor
s
ar
er epr
esentedasnodesorv
ert
iceswhi
l
etheconnecti
ons
ar
er epr
esentedasli
nes.

8.Acoll
ecti
onofti
esofsspeci
fi
ckindmeasuredonpai
rsof
act
orsfr
om apar
ti
cul
argr
oupofsoci
alent
it
ies

128
 9.At ypeofnetworkcharact
eri
zedbyrul
esthatdet
ermi
nethe
presence,
dir
ecti
on,andextendofar
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenany
twounits.

10.I
tref
erst
othet
iet
hatl
i
nksact
orst
ooneanot
her

11.I
trepr
esent
sthebasi
clev
elofst
ruct
ural
organi
zat
ion

12.The i
nvent
orofone oftheear l
iestneur
ocomputer
swho
cal
l
edneuralnet
wor
kas“art
if
ici
alneural
networ
k(ANN).

13.Itr
eferstoagroupofsynapsesorgani
zedint
opat t
ernsof
connect
ivi
tyt
oproduceaf
uncti
onal
operati
onofint
erest

14.Itrefersto net
wor
ks i
n whi
ch the rul
e det
ermines an
aff
il
iati
onofauni
twi
thanev
ent
,or
ganizati
on,
orgroup.

15.Refer
stoasetofr elat
ionsthatappl
ytoasetofact or
s,as
wellas any addi
ti
onali nf
ormati
on on t
hose act
ors and
rel
ati
ons.

A.Network E.Ego I
. Rati
onal M.Connecti
o
B.Percept
ro Network network n
n F.Rel
ation J.Gluecell
s N.Neuron
C.Neural G.Neuron K.Graph O.Dr.Robert
Network H.Aff
il
iati
on L.Social Hecht-
D.Neural net
wor ks network Niel
sen
Microci
rcu P.Media
i
t networ
k

ESSAY:Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.

1.Howwoul dyoudifferenti
ateconnecti
ons,r
elati
onshi ps,andnetworks?
2.Howwoul dyoucompar esocialnet
worksandneur alnetworksusi
nga
schematicdi
agram.
3.Whyar esoci
alnetwor ksimport
antinunderstandi
ngconnect i
onsand
rel
ati
ons?
4.Howdoneur alnet
wor ksaff
ecttheli
vesofsocietyi nthe21stcent
ury?
5.Howdomember sofsoci etyfor
m connecti
onort ies?Gi veexamplesto
expl
ainyouranswer .

129
Addi
ti
onalAct
ivi
ty
Net working
Identif
yapar ti
cularnetworkint hecommuni ty(town, ci
ty,orbarangay)i
n
whi
chy ouar eapar tof.Creat
eadi graph(social mapormat ri
x)t hattr
acesy ourrol
eand
par
ti
cipationint hatparti
cularcommuni tynetwor k.Thegraphmust
(
1)ident i
fyt hesignif
icantsocialrol
esy ourplaywithi
nthecommuni t
ynet work;
(
2)showy ourrelati
onshipwi t
hthedi f
ferentmember soft henet work;and
(
3)r ankther ol
esoft hemember si nthecommuni t
ynetwor ki nter
msofsi gnifi
cance.
Explainthegr aphbywr iti
ngashor treflecti
onpaperorl earni
ngjournal.

Ref
erences
I
nter
net

https://www. academi a.edu/ 35741328/ Vi ncent _Sayson_12-

_Venus_ TRENDS_ NETWORK_ AND_ CRI TICAL_ THI NKING_ IN_ THE_ 21ST_ CENTURY
https://www. eco- busi ness. com/ news/ cli
mat e-change- will
-impact -phi
li
ppi nes-abil
it
y-
to-feed-its-peopl e/
https://www. tokr esour ce. org/intuiti
on- anony mous
https://en. wikipedi a.org/ wiki/Global izati
on
https://y oumat ter .
wor l
d/ en/def i
nition/ cl
imat e-change- meani ng-def i
nit
ion-causes-
and- consequences/
https://freeol ogy .com/ graphicor gs/ details-tr
ee-not e-
taki
ng- organizer/
https://bl ogs. wor ldbank. or g/east asiapaci fic/f
ili
pinos-how- are-y
ou- adapting-to-
cli
mat e-change- y ou- ask-we- answer ?page=5
https://oceanser v i
ce. noaa. gov /ocean/ earthday .html
https://wwf .panda. or g/knowl edge_ hub/ wher e_ we_ work/coraltr
iangle/?329831/ The-
scour ge- of-single- use- plastic-i
n-the-
Philippines#: ~:text =Based%20on%20r epor ts%20by %20WWF, tonnes%20ar e%20col l
e
cted%20per %20y ear .
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com/ academy /lesson/ what -i
s-globalizati
on-def i
nit
ion-effects-
exampl es. html #:~: text=For %20many %20dev eloping%20nat i
ons%2C%20gl obalizati
o
n,who%20l ive%20i n%20dev eloped%20nat i
ons.

ht
tps:
//www.who.int
/country-
cooperati
on/what
-who-does/i
nter
-count
ry/
en/
ht
tps:
//www.bri
tanni
ca.com/ t
opic/UNESCO
ht
tps:
//phi
l
osibl
og.com/ 2016/03/17/t
he-whol
e-i
s-more-
than-t
he-sum-
of-i
ts-
par
ts/

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ps://medi um. com/ @beratzfi
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erence-between- cooper
ati
on-
and-
col
laboration-4cda8868502f
htt
ps://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki
/ Tony _
Tan_ Cakt i
ong
htt
ps://l
ink.springer.
com/ content /
pdf /10. 3758/MC. 36.3.554.pdf
htt
ps://www. mindtools.
com/ pages/ article/newTMC_ 05_ 1.htm
htt
ps://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki
/ Fad#:~:text =Though%20some%20consi der
%20the%20
ter
m,term%20or %20even%20per manent %20change.
htt
ps://www. l
ead-innovat
ion.com/ engl ish-blog/trend-
resear ch
htt
ps://www. whataventure.
com/ coll
abor ati
on/trends-
101/#:~:text=You%20now%20under stand%20t he%20t hree,i
t%20comes%20to%20co
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131
132