Minor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
Minor: CVL 282 – ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
Date: 10-11-2020
Max. Marks: 40
Note: (i) All questions are compulsory

(ii) Reasonably assume and state any data that are not provided
(iii) Show details of computations
Questions 1 – 10 carry 1 mark each (Negative Marking for Wrong answers – 0.5 Marks)
1) Computing areal average of rainfall over an area from the point measurements at a few rain
gauges will work best when:
(a) the area is climatically uniform; (b) rain-gauges are very large in number
(c) there are several hills and valleys; (d) all measurements are taken at the same
time
2) Out of the options given below, which one is correct about the following statements?
(i) Precipitation on the landmass is larger than the evaporation from it
(ii) More humid air will result in more precipitation
(a) (i) is true, (ii) is false (b) (i) is false, (ii) is true
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true (d) Both (i) and (ii) are false
3) What is meant by the consistency of a hydrologic dataset obtained at a station?

(a) It is spatially uniform; (b) It is not changing with time
(c) It shows a monotonic trend; (d) It agrees well with nearby stations
4) Terms “roaring forties”, ‘furious fifties” and “screaming sixties are commonly referred to
(a) Northeast trades in Northern Hemisphere;
(b) Northwesterly in Southern Hemisphere
(c) Southeast trades in Southern Hemisphere;
(d) Southwesterly in Northern Hemisphere
5) What would be optimum number of rain gauges required, if absolutely no error is allowed in
the estimation of mean rainfall in a catchment?
(a) Infinite (b) Depends on catchment area (c) Square of Coefficient of variation (d) Depends
on Std. deviation
(i) When the cold air mass moves into a warm air mass, it is called cold front
(ii) Warm fronts generally have more intense precipitation on a relatively smaller area
7) Which type of precipitation is more common in hot and humid tropical areas?
(a) Orographic (b) Cyclonic (c) Frontal (d) Convective
8) Reference ET and actual ET are related by:

(a) Field capacity; (b) Consumptive use; (c) Coutagne method; (d) Crop coefficient
(i) Maximum intensity of precipitation decreases as the duration increases
(ii) Maximum depth of precipitation decreases as the duration increases
10) Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to
produce flooding?
(a) pebbles (b) silt (c) sand (d) clay
Questions 11 – 15 carry 2 marks each
11) Define Reference evapotranspiration.
12) Give two major differences between warm and cold fronts?
13) Explain the predominant type (mechanism) of precipitation occurring on Western Ghats
region? (1-2 sentences)
14) State the assumptions of Horton’s and Philip’s equations

15) State the main difference between Energy Budget and Aerodynamic methods.
16) The number of rain gauge stations in a drainage basin is 18. The coefficient of variation of
the average annual rainfall measured in these 18 stations is 0.5. The percentage error in the
estimation of the average rainfall in the network is ______________________. (3 marks)
17) Cumulative rainfall (mm) measured by a raingauge during 5-minute intervals of a storm of
total duration 30 minutes is: 2, 4, 13, 25, 37, 45 respectively. The maximum and minimum
intensities (mm/hr) recorded during any 15 minute interval of the given storm are
_____________ (3 marks)
18) The initial rate of infiltration of a watershed is estimated as 2.1 in/hr, the final capacity is
0.2 in/hr, and the time constant, k, is 0.4 hr-1. Use Horton’s Equation to find:
a. The infiltration capacity at t = 2 hr and t = 6 hr; and
b. The total volume of infiltration over the 6-hr period. (2+2 marks)
Hint:
19) It is estimated that the average annual discharge of the river Amazon is about 200,000 m3/s
and the average volume of water in the river is about 1000 km3. What is the average
residence time of water particles in this river? (3 marks)
20) What is base flow? Explain briefly the procedures to separate base flow from a
hydrograph. [3 Marks]
21) Rainfall data of a storm event is recorded using tipping bucket rain-gauge, which records
the time it takes for a specific amount of precipitation (generally 0.25mm). During a storm
event, the tipping times (the accumulated rainfall is equal to 0.25 mm between two
consecutive times) were recorded as shown in the table below. Generate (in tabular form)
the rainfall hyetograph (Hint: Assume uniform intensity between two tipping times and
assign a mid-point of the interval). (4 marks)
Tipping time 58.75 73.50 83.75 92.85 99. 90 106.85 112.75 124.60 141.25
(minutes)

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI

Minor: CVL 282 – ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Note: (i) All questions are compulsory

3) What is meant by the consistency of a hydrologic dataset obtained at a station?

8) Reference ET and actual ET are related by:

(a) pebbles (b) silt (c) sand (d) clay

Questions 11 – 15 carry 2 marks each

11) Define Reference evapotranspiration.

14) State the assumptions of Horton’s and Philip’s equations

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