THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPOSING SECURITY MEASURES WITHIN

THE COMMUNITY OF BARANGAY LUMBIA

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of School of Criminology and Criminal Justice

PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College

In partial fulfillment

of the requirement for the degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Ralf Curky D. Ragasajo

APRIL 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

The researcher entitled “The Significance of Imposing Security Measures

within the community of Barangay Lumbia Cagayan de Oro City” prepared and
submitted by Ralf Curky D. Ragasajo, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

JUVY U. BOTE, Ph.D. Crim

Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Criminology by the committee or Oral Examination with a grade of ____

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Criminology.

Date of Passing the Comprehensive Examination:

GERRY J.CAÑO, Ph., DPA

Dean, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank the Lord God for the unfailing guidance
since Day 1 of my journey. Also for the showers of blessings throughout the entire
process.

I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my research instructor,

Mrs. Juvy Unsay Bote for her invaluable guidance throughout this research. Her
excitement and willingness to provide feedback made the completion of this research an
enjoyable experience and also her dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have
deeply inspired me.
The completion of this research could not have been possible without the participation
and assistance of my research partner Ryan Angelo Manrique and also many people
whose names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated
and gratefully acknowledged.
 DEDICATION

THIS RESEARCH IS
GREATLY DEDICTED
To
Our loving Parents, Brothers and Sisters

Our Niece and Nephew

Our Relatives and In-laws

Our Friends and Classmates

Dean and Faculty of Criminology Department

Our Great Protector, Provider and Savior Lord Jesus Christ

Rowena D. Ragasajo

Dan J. Ragasajo

and

Memina R. Openshaw

1
 ABSTRACT

1. Title : The Significance of Imposing Security Measures within the Community of

Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City

2. Author : Ragasajo Ralf Curky Dabatian

(Last Name) (First Name) (Middle Initial)

3. Type of Document : Research

4. Type of Publication : Unpublished

5. Host Institution, Address of host Institution, Region :

Cagayan de Oro College

Phinma Education Network
Cagayan de Oro City
Region X

6. Sponsor : Phinma Cagayan de Oro College

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7. Abstract

7.1 Summary

The researchers conduct this study to have better understanding of the

significance of imposing effective security measures within the community. The
Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO) is tasked with
enforcing the law, to prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure
public safety and internal security with the active support of the community. Together
with the participation of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in implementing
community oriented policing and public safety system.

This kind of study applied the ‘Descriptive Survey Design’ which being chosen
by the researchers for efficient way of gathering necessary data to supplement vital
answers for the generated problems of this study. The data gathering was made through
the use of survey questionnaire. It has a sample size of 380 respondents who are subject
to answers those generated questions. The data being gathered were interpreted by
researcher to analyze using the frequency and percentage to determine if there is
significance in the demographic profile of the respondents.

Findings

The following are the remarkable findings from the data which are being analyze.

1. Based on the result of the survey, the age range form 18-28 years old has the highest
percentage of 43.95%
2. Mostly of the respondents are Male with a frequency of 297 and a percentage of 78.16%
3. The educational attainment of the respondents are High School which have a percentage
of 33.43%
4. As to the civil status of the respondents, the single has the highest percentage of 58.84%

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5. The respondents are strongly agree that those security measures being impose in the
community are effective in terms of Implementation of Liquor ban; Implementation of
Smoking ban; Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of Facemask.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the security measure
being imposed within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City in terms
of Implementation of Liquor Ban, Implementation of Smoking Ban, Enforcement of
Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of face-mask. The findings are systematically
summarized and interpreted in the demographic profile of respondents in terms of age,
sex, civil status and educational attainment.

Furthermore, findings and results can be serve as basis for security measure to
be created within the community in the near future. Learning the security measure are
useful because each one of us needs a security for our daily lives and also it can make the
community safe from crimes and harms.

Therefore, based on the result of the data being gathered the researcher
concluded that those security measure being tested in this study are effective in the
community in terms of; Implementation of Liquor Ban, Implementation of Smoking Ban,
Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of face-mask.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommend the following:
1. The Police should be strict in enforcing the rules and regulation mandated by law.
2. The Police should coordinate with the Local Government Unit.
3. The Police should be the role model of the community.
4. The Law enforcement agency should maintain the community relation program.

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 Table of Contents
1. THE PROBLEM

Introduction 1
Background of the Study 2
Conceptual Framework of the Study 4
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 7
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitation of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9
Acronyms 10

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Local Literature and Studies 11

Foreign Literature and Studies 13

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 17
Research Respondents 18
Research Instruments 18
Validation of Instruments 19
Data Gathering Procedure 19
Statistical Treatment 19

4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUTION OF DATA

Problem 1 21
Problem 2 25
Problem 3 26

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 5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 28
Findings 28
Conclusions 29
Recommendations 29
Internet Source 30

APPENDICES

A. Questionnaire 31
B. Documentation 35
C. Map 37

CURRICULUM VITAE

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents according to Age 21

Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents according to Sex 22

Table 1.3 Distribution of respondents according to Educational Attainment 22

Table 14 Distribution of respondents according to Civil Status 23

Table 1.5 Descriptive Statistics in Problem 1 24

Table 2.1 Descriptive Statistics in Problem 2 25

Table 3.1 Descriptive Statistics in Problem 3 26

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The researchers conduct this study to have better understanding of the

significance of imposing effective security measures within the community. The
Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO) is tasked with
enforcing the law, to prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure
public safety and internal security with the active support of the community. Together
with the participation of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in implementing
community oriented policing and public safety system.

The subject of this study is in the Barangay Lumbia in Cagayan de Oro City. To
be able to know or obtain information about the imposing effective security measures of
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) and Philippine National Police in Cagayan
de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO) within the community. What kind of programs or
policies they will made to prevent and address the criminal activities happening in the
community of Barangay Lumbia to maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) it is hereby declared to be the policy of the
State to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen local
government capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic services to the
citizenry through the establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force that
is national in scope and civilian in character. Towards this end, the State shall bolster a
system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the
integrated law enforcement and public safety agencies created under this Act.

The police force shall be organized, trained and equipped primarily for the
performance of police functions. Its national scope and civilian character shall be

1
paramount. No element of the police force shall be military nor shall any position thereof
be occupied by active members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. (Sec. 2 RA
6975) https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/12/13/republic-act-no-6975/

With the Barangay Peacekeeping Operations and the BPAT, security and safety
services traditionally dispensed by the PNP will be enhanced by the grassroots approach.
The BPAT, the prime movers of the BPO will render services tailor-made for the
community which they belong and serve. They will be focused on the three general
endeavors which are; security services focused on proactive community based policing
system, conflict resolution through Barangay Justice System and crisis management
which includes disaster mitigation. These and more, is what the BPO and the BPAT is all
about. This is the new dynamic and proactive approach to community peacekeeping
which the PNP leadership is pushing for. With the Barangay Peacekeeping Operations
and the BPAT, security and safety services traditionally dispensed by the PNP will be
enhanced by the grassroots approach. The BPAT, the prime movers of the BPO will
render services tailor-made for the community which they belong and serve. These and
more, are what the BPO and the BPAT are all about. This is the new dynamic and
proactive approach to community peacekeeping which the PNP leadership is pushing for.
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Manuals_and_Guides/brgypeaceopnmanual.pdf

dream

2
Background of the Study

Security measures are naturally being part of our lives. Security will not be
efficient when it’s done solely by individual. The area of this research is Barangay
Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City, and the aimed of subjects that are requested to fulfill the
generated hypotheses for the long run of this study are those residents, local officials
assigned to Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City, and as well as the involvement of
Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO); in
accordance of their functions. Additionally, the aforementioned subjects are subjected for
observation and evaluation for the efficacy rate of their cooperation on establishing and
executing the security measures within. Hence, according to International Journal of
Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356-5926, “the individuals living together and
cherished common culture are the core of the community which thoroughly need the
attention of security therein, and in able for them to distance themselves from risks and
threats the environment will offers.” A community free from major risks and threats is
healthy one. Basically, the growth of the community depends of its health. Therefore
without active participation of the effective security measures, the development of the
community will be just a myth living only in our dreams.

Accordingly, “Security” is considered as one of main commodities prior to any

needs. This shows healthy economy is not achieved if the security is not well established
(Nemouneh Interpretation, V.1,p452). In short, lack of development is resulted from the
absence of security within or probably the security applied is not enough from the ratio of
threats need to address. However, what are those threats and risks the environment will
offers? Since the subject area of this research is Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City
as selected by the researchers, those are defined as events that may cause damages to
properties and lives within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City.
Technically, those are recognized as the occurrence of violence, diseases, calamities, and
more worst, the occurrence of crimes therein.

In responding to the aforementioned matters, the researchers strive to decipher

deeply on how “Effective Security Measures Positively contribute Within a Community.”

3
 Secondly, the researchers aimed to be aware about the coordination and cooperation of
the Barangay Officials, Community of Lumbia, and the Philippine National Police in
accordance to their functions thereof. Lastly, to emphasize the importance of having the
security as part of our lives, thus it will be the armor of countermeasures we wear before
we step on the road paths forward to our dreams.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• Age • Implementation of Liquor

Ban
• Sex
• Implementation of
• Highest Degree of Smoking Ban
Educational Attainment
• Enforcement of Curfew on
• Civil Status Minor

• Mandatory wearing Face-

mask

Figure 1.
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the Conceptual Framework of this study. It consist of two

variables, which are the Age, Sex, Highest Degree of Educational Attainment and Civil
Status as an independent variable and Implementation of Liquor Ban, Implementation of
Smoking Ban, Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of Face-mask
as the dependent variable.

This study will be based on the significance of imposing effective security

measure within the community especially in Barangay Lumbia Cagayan de Oro City and

4
how the Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO) and
the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) handle or address the problem about
the violation of city ordinance and what are their programs and policies in the giving
solution to prevent the crime from happening, to maintain peace and order, and public
safety of the people in the barangay.

Age pertains to the actual age of the reported by the respondents of this research.
To determined how they recognize or understand the way of imposing the security
measure within their community.

Sex refers to the state of being male or female of the respondent. What are their
perspectives about the implementing security measures within the community and based
on the result what are the benefits that can give to them.

Highest Degree of Educational Attainment refers to the highest degree of

education an individual has completed at the time the study is conducted. They can give
suggestion and recommendation based on their skills, knowledge and experiences in the
implementing security measures within the community.

Civil Status represents the current condition of the respondents either single,
married, separated, common-law husband or wife and widowed.

Implementation of Liquor Ban due to the recent numerous report of residents who
are violating the city’s social distancing and other safety security measures, by drinking
alcohol outside their homes and other public areas, thus exposing themselves and others
to the risk of catching and spreading the coronavirus disease. Moreover, this order will be
enforced by the Cagayan de Oro City Police Office (COCPO) and Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)

5
 Implementation of Smoking Ban, the Smoke Free Task will first pass an ordinance
to provide a clear-cut guidelines on the ban, particularly the penalties that will be
imposed. The smoker are not prohibited to smoke, but only in designated smoking areas
(DSA) per executive order 26 signed by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte last year. The
implementing agency will be the Cagayan de Oro City Police Office as well as the
Barangay Tanods.

Enforcement of curfew on minors as the city government implements a curfew

for minors aged 15 and below. The curfew’s objectives are to strengthen responsibility
among parents over their children as a basic obligation and to strengthen advocacy in
protecting children at risk from becoming children in conflict with the law. The Cagayan
de Oro City Police Office together with the Barangay Tanods are being tasked to be the
prime protector of the child and shall participate in rescue of minors during curfew hours.

Mandatory wearing of Face-mask, anyone caught in public not wearing a face-

mask will be fines P2000. If the person caught has no money to pay for the fine, he/she
will be required to render community service. Eight hours of community service will be
worth P500, or total of 32 hours of community service will be worth the P2000 fine,
According to City Ordinance No. 13946-2020. The barangay tanods together with the
Cagayan de Oro City Police Office shall give tooth in enforcing this law to prevent the
spread of coronavirus disease.

6
Statement of the Problem:

The study was directed towards its main objective of imposing effective
security measure within the community.

Specifically, the researchers sought answers to the following questions:

1. How may the profile of residents be describe in terms of:

1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Highest Degree of Educational Attainment; and
1.4 Civil Status?

2. What are the kinds of programs and policies being conducted to have an effective
security measure in terms of:

2.1 Implementation of Liquor Ban

2.2 Implementation of Smoking Ban
2.3 Enforcement of Curfew on Minors
2.4 Mandatory wearing face-mask

3. Is there any reaction of the residents towards the implementation of effective

security measure within the community?

Hypothesis

The first and second Statement of the Problem are Hypothesis free.

For the third statement of the problem the null hypothesis is being formulated to test if
this is accepted or rejected in the end of our study.

7
There is no reaction of the resident towards the implementation of effective security
measure within the community.

Significance of the Study

The focal points of this study are to visualize and realize the importance of
security measures within a community. Accordingly, the researchers will aren’t just to
decipher what is security, but also seek to define what are those suitable security
measures the Barangay Officials currently implementing with the congruence of
Philippine National Police within the area of study. Enable to be aware about the
denominator of reasons why those security measures are applicable to the situations the
Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City is currently facing; in terms of health, combating
the crimes, and other phenomenon’s that threaten the economy of the said chosen
community. Basically, the participation of the citizens are also being observed on how
they response to the security measures therein. Their cooperation are also accounted to
this study, because they are essentially being part of the formula for a healthy
community.

In addition, this study will showcase the vital benefits of having security as part
of our daily lives, thus the absence of security will certainly dragged a community into a
chaotic environment. This study will be the benefits of not just only to those people living
in Barangay Lumbia, but also for everyone who undoubtedly needs the participation of
security to their individual lives. In summation, the success of this research will also be
the success of the researchers and its beneficiaries therein, whereby those beneficiaries
are classified as long as an individuals are living part of the community bounded by our
constitution.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

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 This study is concentrated on community policing functions within Barangay
Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. Those functions are in accordance to Republic Act No.
7160, “An Act Providing for a Local Government Code of
1991.”(https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/10/10/republic-act-no-7160/).

The locality of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City is the area of defined
scope and boundaries of this research. Some of major concerns are defining the
importance and have a better comprehension about the effective security measures
currently implementing within the area of study, in terms of: Implementing Liquor Ban;
Implementing of Smoking Ban; Enforcement of Curfew Hours on Minors; and
Mandatory Wearing of Face-mask. Hence, those are to address the risks and threats
surrounding within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City.

Moreover, the researchers also planning in making survey questionnaires as an

effective instrument in gathering vital information for this study, and certainly have
coherent connection in this research thereof. The targeted subjects are the residents, Local
Government Units accompanied by Cagayan De Oro Police Office (COCPO) working
together within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. The subjects
are subjected for solicitation of their answers for the progress of this research in the long
run. Additionally, the responses of the community are also observed and subjected for
evaluation if the efficacy rate are satisfactory for them. However, beyond those all
matters are not the concerned of this study anymore. In summation, this study seek for
saturated answers within the area of study which are to feed the hypotheses of this study,
and will savor only present phenomenon within the locality thereof.

Definition of Terms

The following definition of terms are based on operational and conceptual definitions.

SECURITY- Refers to the state of being secure

BARANGAY TANOD – Refers to the lowest level of law enforcement officer in the
Philippines.

9
POLICE- Refers to the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the
prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order.

AGE- Refers to the amount of time during which someone or something has lived or
existed.

SEX- Refers to the physical differences between people who are male and female.

CIVIL STATUS- Refers to being single, married, separated or divorce, widowed, in a

civil partnership or being a former civil partner in a civil partnership that has ended by
death or been dissolved.

CRIME- Refers to an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be

prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law.

COMMUNITY- Refers to a group of people living in the same place or having a

particular characteristic in common.

EDUCATION- Refers to the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction,

especially at a school or university.

PEACEKEEPING- Refers as an intervention into an area of instability in order to

facilitate the transition of that area back towards peace.

CIVILIAN- Refers to a person not in the armed services or the police force.

THREATS – Refers to an events that may cause damages to properties and lives within
the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City.

RISKS- Refers to the occurrence of violence, diseases, calamities, and more worst, the
occurrence of crimes therein.

ACRONYM:

PNP COCPO- Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro City Police Office

BPAT- Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team

10
AFP- Armed Forces of the Philippines

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter present review of related literature and studies which have the
bearing with the present investigation. The proponent search legal basis and studies to
have a source of information to support the study, the concept discusses in the chapter in
our related literature. The presentation is categorized into related literature and studies in
foreign setting and related literature and studies in local setting.

Local Literature and Studies

Community-oriented policing is an approach in which the police involve citizens

in a working relationship to minimize crime and improve public safety by recognizing
and reducing community conditions that promote crime (KASH, 2020; Moore, 1992). In
specific communities, the role of police officers is very significant. It is because societies
rely on police forces in which police are required, as a matter of policy, to “protect and
serve” the community citizens. On the other hand, the police often rely on assistance and
cooperation from the community. The problem is that the police and society’s connection
is not always harmonious, raising the crime rate. This is because people do not have faith
that the police are fair and impartial; while the police feel threatened by the citizens. The
key elements for policing identified above are not new. The most recent version of
neighborhood law enforcement is part of a much more extensive history of community-
based policing programs established in various countries for more than three decades
(Lloyd et al., 2009).

An emphasis on community-based policing services was to help improve the

public’s confidence in the police and other law enforcement agencies. Community-based
policing improves linkages between the police and the community and enhances public

11
trust, community engagement, and productivity in protecting life, property, and human
rights for the police and other law enforcement sectors (United Nations Police, n.d.).
Police-community relations is a slowly evolving police system that is being adopted by
police organizations all over the world (Philippine National Police, 2012).

As such, further studies should concentrate on the advancement of this reasoning

paradigm and the recognition of appropriate methods that come from a community-based
policing culture. The police's contact with people is unlikely to be sufficient to deter
crime. Specific tactics such as problem- oriented policing intervention can mediate the
links between community involvement and control of crime (Gill et al., 2014)

Moreover, citizens are crucial in providing police with the evidence necessary to
solve the crime and the knowledge to prevent it. However, poor relations between
community members and police can lead to distrust, anger, and fear. Citizens may think
the police are prejudice. Police may feel the blame for all sorts of social issues, and they
may think they don’t deserve credit for doing their work. Dialogue to change programs
help people build trusting relationships necessary for long-term change. Citizen
engagement stresses that it is vital to the success of the criminal justice system. It reflects
on the importance of, and solutions for, productive police-community relations and
discusses the internal and external cultures that the police represent (Hunter, 2011).

Community policing is both an operational and conceptual approach that allows

the police and community to work together to address crime, disorder and safety issues
and enhance the quality of life for those in the community (OSCE, 2011; Philippine
National Police, 2012). Community policing cannot thrive without the help of a public
that is often suspicious of the police and other state officials. Police-community relations
are a slowly developing police structure implemented by police departments all over the
world. Diplomacy can be compared to this police system so that even those engaged in
police action see the system as the most acceptable form of police- community
interaction with the crime, as a guarantee of public safety, or as a guarantee peace and
security (Ungar & Arias, 2012).

12
 The community is faced with various social problem and concerns. One of these
problems is criminality, which affects all parts of the country and every aspect of
community life. The problem of criminality is aggravated due to the population growth,
unemployment and rapid urbanization. To ensure community safety of the people, the
elected and appointed local government official, Philippine National Police and enacted
ordinances that served as the tool or instrument in the protection of the community.

People who have this sense of security are more likely to participate in
community activities that aim to improve the livelihood and well-being of all. In this
matter, the maintenance of peace and order is part of the foundation for genuine,
community-based development. The community oriented policing system of the
Philippine National Police (PNP) has gone a long way towards providing proactive police
services to the citizens. However, a continuous effort to improve the delivery of these
services must be implemented as peace and order and public safety concerns are
constantly evolving. The Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) and its
implementers, the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT) are examples that the
PNP does not stop in giving our countrymen the best possible policing system. Thus, all
PNP members and even citizen are enjoined to submit or forward comments,
recommendations or reactions to the nearest police station or BPAT Desks.
(https://www.pnp.gov.ph/Manuals_and_Guides/brgypeaceopnmanual.pdf)

Foreign Literature and Studies

An essential related foreign literature entitled “The Effects of Community

Policing on Fear of Crime and Perceived Safety Findings from a Pilot Project in Trinidad
and Tobago,” (Maguire, R., et al.2017).Distressed urban communities plagued by
poverty, inequality, crime, and a variety of other social ills provide a compelling context
for testing the impact of interventions meant to improve community conditions. Several

13
definitions of community policing exist in .Community partnerships form the core of
community policing, reminding police that working collaboratively with the public is
essential to be effective and to maintain legitimacy in the eyes of the populace. However,
research has consistently shown that community partnerships alone are insufficient to
solve community problems like crime and disorder.

This study examines the Gonzales Community Policing Project, a community

policing initiative implemented in a distressed urban community located in East Port of
Spain, the capital of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago is the southernmost
nation in the chain of Caribbean islands. Trinidad is located just seven miles northeast of
the coast of Venezuela and Tobago is located 21 Miles northeast of Trinidad. Although it
is one of the wealthiest countries in the area due to its Natural resources, Trinidad and
Tobago is considered a developing nation. In the year 2000, Trinidad began to experience
a serious increase in violent crime. The number of homicides more
Than quadrupled in less than a decade, from 120 in 2000 to 540 in 2008. Most of the
increase was due to gang violence concentrated in the disadvantaged hillside
communities of Port of Spain, the nation’s capital (Maguire, Willis, Snipes, and Gantley
2008).The Gonzales Community Policing sought to achieve four objectives: (1) to
reduce crime and victimization; (2) to reduce disorder; (3) to reduce fear of crime; and
(4) to improve police-citizen relationships. It was the first community policing program
in the nation to emerge as the result of a grass roots community effort and which actively
sought to blend community partnerships and problem-solving strategies. The projects
leaders were aware of the challenges associated with cultivating such an initiative within
the developmental, institutional, and operational context of the TTPS (Deosaran 2007)
and were committed to ensuring community involvement in the policing process
(Wallace 2011; 2012).

The key elements associated with the initiative included: officer training in
community policing and problem-oriented policing; additional vehicle and foot patrols by
community policing officers (above and beyond the ‘business as usual’ police patrol in
the community); the presence of a mobile police post in the community; community

14
engagement; problem-oriented policing projects; and the procurement of equipment
(protective gear, flashlights, computers, weapons, etc.) for the community policing
officers assigned to the unit. A female police inspector9 with training in community
policing, problem-oriented policing, and strategic crime control was selected to command
the unit, and initially, ten officers were assigned to staff it. As detailed in the brief history
below, the Gonzales Project faced significant challenges associated with project
implementation. The unit experienced poor and unstable staffing, limited access to
vehicles and necessary equipment, and inconsistent support from police leaders. While
these challenges hampered the project’s implementation, officers were able to form
community partnerships, were supported by U.S. field advisors, received extensive
training, and ultimately completed several significant problem-solving projects in the
community. The Gonzales Project unfolded unevenly over time and experienced
significant challenges associated with project implementation. From approximately
February 2006 to June 2006, the Gonzales officers were trained in community policing,
problem-oriented policing, and Strategic crime control, and received technical assistance
during monthly visits from members of our team. The officers spent a significant amount
of time in the community staffing a Mobile Police post, carried out limited patrols and
community outreach activities, and began to design Problem-oriented policing (POP)
projects. For example, following a series of door-to-door visits
To at least 30 neighborhood homes, and at the request of several elderly residents in the
area, the Officers conducted a small-scale POP project on a recurring problem, thefts of
pension checks. In May of 2006, the Gonzales Project won first prize in a Caribbean
community policing Competition sponsored by the Motorola Corporation (Catholic News
2006).

Unfortunately, soon after receiving the award, the community policing unit
encountered a series of setbacks and obstacles that all but closed down the project. This
challenging period ran from approximately July 2006 to January 2007. During this time,
the unit’s commander was promoted and assigned to new duties, several officers were
transferred, one of the two vehicles was taken away, equipment promised to the unit was
not delivered, and the mobile police post was regularly broken down or deployed

15
elsewhere. Foot patrols in Gonzales declined dramatically, leadership was weak and
sporadic due to competing responsibilities, and the officers became more and more
demoralized. The project continued, but at a minimal level of programmatic dosage.
Implementation challenges that had featured so prominently in the U.S. community
policing literature had also become a reality in Trinidad and Tobago (Giacomazzi, Riley,
and Merz 2004; Maguire, Uchida and Hassell 2015; Sadd and Grinc 1996).Attempts to
re-invigorate the initiative began in earnest in February of 2007. We hired a retired U.S.
police official with extensive experience in community and problem-oriented policing to
live in Trinidad and provide guidance on POP projects and oversight to the unit’s
officers. Beginning in February 2008, the Gonzales Community Policing Project was
infused with renewed sense of vigor. The new inspector received a customized course in
Community Policing, problem-oriented policing, and strategic crime control at two
universities and a police Department in the U.S., and set about rebuilding the unit. In the
months following his placement, Requests for equipment and supplies began to be
fulfilled, new personnel were appointed to replace those who had been transferred, and
the unit’s officers began to show a renewed sense of Excitement and commitment to the
project. Working with members of our team and the onsite Technical advisor, the officers
partnered with government and non-governmental organizations and local residents to
address problems identified by the community. The officers engaged in Several POP
projects which focused on: 1) the removal of two dozen abandoned/derelict vehicles
Which were often used by gang members to hide drugs or weapons; 2) the removal of
excessive And bulk trash and rubbish in the neighborhood; and 3) youth truancy. By
February 2008, the community policing unit had stronger leadership, its officers had been
fully trained in community policing and POP, a full-time technical advisor from the U.S.
had been implanted in the unit, and the officers were engaged in a variety of meaningful
community outreach and POP projects. (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
as_ylo=2017&q=foreign+literature+about+community+policing&hl=en&as_sdt=0,
5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DxxjeL_11wO0J).

16
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents and explains the method and technique that were used in
obtaining the data other information related to this study. It describes the research design,
the research respondents, and the data gathering procedure, the research instrument, and
the scoring procedure.

Research Design

The security has been universally being part of our living. In the course of this
study, the researchers solely focus on proactive approach and its essence of effective
security measures within the community. Accordingly, since the nature of this research is
quantitative research, this kind of study applied the ‘Descriptive Survey Design’ which
being chosen by the researchers for efficient way of gathering necessary data to
supplement vital answers for the generated problems of this study. The data gathering
was made through the use of questionnaire. This provides how essential imposing
security measures within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City on
the implementation of liquor ban and smoking ban, enforcement of curfew on minors and
mandatory wearing of facemask together with the participation of BPAT and PNP
COCPO. The efficacy rate is also being observe based on the stands of the respondents
thereof.

Research Respondents

Since the area of this study is Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro City, therefore
the residents of its locality are the most suitable therein. Precisely, to come up with no

17
bias results, stratified random sampling of residents with an age ranges from 18 to 60
years of age are hereby selected by researchers to answer the survey questionnaire .In
observing also the maturity of perceptions in classifying the satisfaction rate of the
respondents. It excluded the members of Local Government Units assigned of the said
area for the purposes of preserving neutrality and impartiality therein.

However, due to massive probable respondents’ population, out of the entire

population, only 380 randomly qualified respondents are being chosen to participate in
the survey. Additionally, the selected respondents are free to all genders as long as it
qualified.

Research Instrument

The manner of gathering the data will be through survey questionnaire and will
interview randomly selected respondents. The questionnaire is divided into three (3)
major parts: The first part is asking how essential those effective security measures
within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro City; The second part is
concerned with the satisfaction of the residents in Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro
City from the effective security measures imposed; And lastly, it pertains to the
consistency of those effective security measures are being operated therein. Furthermore,
those effective security measures are the following: Implementation of Liquor Ban
; Implementation of Smoking Ban; Enforcement of Curfew on Minors; And
Mandatory wearing face-mask.

Subsequently, the questionnaire is carefully made by the researchers based on the

three (3) major parts that address the concerns for the statement of the problems. It’s also
to ensure the relevancy of the generated questions to this study.

18
Validation of Instrument

In accordance with this quantitative research, the researchers will prepare set of
questions as the survey questionnaire in accumulating process of data. In proportion with
the means of classifying the respondents, the survey questionnaire will be distributed
from the age range 18-60 years of age with the total number of 380 respondents.
Moreover, for the long run of this study, the data will be treated and statistically
calculated based on the frequencies, average, and differences of the said category. The
means of distribution of survey questionnaire shall only be valid for those qualified
respondents. Furthermore, the conduct of interviews should be isolated within the area of
study which is the Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro City only. Beyond the boundaries
of the area of study is not anymore valid as data to this study. In addition, as required to
this research, the total amount of respondents should be accumulated totally for
impartiality and balance amount of observation to different perceptions by the
respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The area of this study is within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de
Oro City, therefore the conduct of survey questionnaire shall be solely done within the
said locality. Afterwards, the distribution of survey questionnaire will be randomly done
within the area of study, but still, qualification of respondents shall be follow.
Undoubtedly, the cooperation of researchers and respondents is the key to success of no
bias results. Hence, the researchers will ensure the confidentiality of the respondents for
being part of this study if they wished to. No traces of force interview should be done,
and the accumulation process must be done with the consent of the respondents before an

19
official interview will starts. Lastly, in respect of the health protocols, the researchers will
religiously follow all the necessary health security protocols imposed within the area.

Statistical Treatment of Data

As soon as the researchers gathered the data, they were compiled, sorted,
organized and tabulated. They were subject to statistical treatment in order answer the
questions proposed in the study. Hence, in the manner of this systematically means of
calculation, the researchers will able to observe the frequency of responses, average, and
differences within the outcome of data gathering procedure. The statistical tools
employed were the frequency distribution, percentage, ordinal scale and weighted mean.

1. Frequency distribution is an arrangement of the data which shows the frequency

of different values or group variable.
2. Percentage is to be used to determine the proportion of each given data by using
the formula.

Formula:

%= (−¿f n)100
Where: %= percent
f= frequency
n= total number of respondent
Slovin Formula:

The total population of Barangay Lumbia Cagayan de Oro is 7,597 in year 2020.

n = N / (1+Ne2). SOLUTION: n= 7,597(1+7,597) x (0.05x0.05)

20
N= 7,597 n? n=7,597(1+7,597) x (0.0025)

e= 0.05 n=7,597(1+18.9925)

n=7,597(19.9925)

n=379.99 or 380
CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the statistical results and the analysis of the data
gathered. Insights, meanings and interpretations are also drawn:

PROBLEM 1: How may the profile of the residents be described in terms of age,
sex, educational attainment and civil status?

Table 1.1

Distribution of Respondents According to Age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

18-28 167 43.95%

29-39 75 19.74%

40-50 83 21.84%

51-60 55 14.47%

Total 380 100%

21
 Table 1.1 show the demographic profile of the respondents according to age,
the age range of the respondents 18-28 years old has the highest frequency of 167
(43.95%), followed by 29-39 years old which has 83 (21.84%), age range of 40-50
(19.74%) and lastly, 51-60 years old has the lowest frequency which is 55 (14.47%).

Table 1.2

Distribution of Respondents According to Sex

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 297 78.16%

FEMALE 83 21.84%

Total 380 100%

Table 1.2 present the demographic profile of the respondents according to sex,
the male respondents has the highest frequency of 297 (78.16%) and the female
respondents have only 83 (21.84%).

Table 1.3

Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

ELEMENTARY 49 12.89%

HIGH SCHOOL 127 33.43%

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 44 11.58%

COLLEGE LEVEL 102 26.84%

22
 COLLEGE GRADUATE 58 15.26%

Total 380 100%

Table 1.3 show the educational attainment of the respondents, the High School has
the highest frequency of 127 (33.43%), followed by College Level has 102 (26.84%)
frequency, College Graduate has 58 (15.26%) frequency, while the Elementary has 49
(12.89%) frequency and lastly, the Senior High School has the lowest frequency of 44
(11.58).

Table 1.4

CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

SINGLE 216 58.84%

MARRIED 139 36.58%

WIDOW 25 6.58%

Total 380 100%

Distribution of Respondents According to Civil Status

Table 1.4 present the civil status of the respondents, the single status has the
highest frequency of 216 (58.84%), followed by married status which has the frequency
of 139 (36.58%) and lastly, widow status has the lowest frequency of 25 (6.58%).

23
 Table 1.5

Descriptive Statistics

QUESTION STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY TOTAL

AGREE DISAGREE RESPONDENTS:

1. Does the age and sex matters 187 132 45 16 380

how much they needs for the
security?

2. Does the educational 153 181 28 18 380

attainment of the residents
affects how much or less the
need for the security?

3. Does the Civil Status of the 204 86 49 41 380

resident matters how they need
for the security?

Table 1.5 comprises of three relevant questions which are being answered by 380
randomly selected respondents within the area of the study. To show the results and
outcomes of the survey questionnaires formulated by the researcher and being conducted
through interview and Google forms in data gathering. The first question there are
49.21% strongly agreed that age and sex matters how much they needs for the security,
34.74% agree, 11.84% disagree and only 4.21% strongly disagree. Followed by the
Second question there are 47.63% agreed that the educational attainment of the resident

24
 affects how much or less they needs for the security, 40.26% strongly agreed, 7.37%
disagreed and 4.74% strongly disagree. However the third question there are 53.68%
strongly agreed that the civil status matter how they needs for the security followed by
22.63% agreed, 12.90% disagreed and only 10.79% strongly disagree.

PROBLEM 2: What are the kinds of policies and programs being conducted to have
an effective security measure in terms of Implementation of Liquor Ban,
Implementation of Smoking Ban, Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and
Mandatory wearing of Facemask.
Table 2.1
Descriptive Statistics
The table 2.1 show the second major problem of this study. To test the
effectiveness of this currently implemented security measures within the said community.
However, its produces a straightforward results on how people needed those security
measures.

QUESTION STRONGL AGREE DISAGRE STRONGLY TOTAL

Y AGREE E DISGAREE RESPOND
ENTS

1. Does the implementation of

Liquor ban are essential at this
time of pandemic? 143 209 21 7 380

2.Does the implementation of

curfew Hours for minors and
mandatory wearing of facemask 229 93 46 12 380
are strictly implemented

3. Does the policies that currently

implemented are really necessary? 231 72 48 29 380

25
 As the survey questionnaires aftermath, these three questions are also related to the
aforementioned above in the table 1.5. The first question shows that there are 55% agreed
that the implementation of Liquor and smoking ban are essential during this time of
pandemic, 37.61% strongly agree, 5.54% disagree and there are only 1.85% strongly
disagree. The second question there are 60.26% strongly agreed to the Implementation of
Curfew hours for Minors and mandatory wearing of face-mask are strictly implemented,
24.47% are agreed, 12.11% disagree and 3.16% for strongly disagree. Lastly, the third
question there are 60.79% strongly agreed that the current policies being implement are
really necessary, 18.95% agree, 12.63% disagree and 7.63% for the strongly disagree.

PROBLEM 3: Is there any reaction of the resident towards the implementation of

effective security measure within the community?

Table 3.1

Descriptive Statistics

The last table shows the reaction of the residents towards how the effective
security measures being implement within the area of the study. To be able to know what
are there feedback and suggestion to the currently security measures throughout the result
of this survey questionnaires.

QUESTION STRONGL AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY TOTAL

Y AGREE DISAGREE RESPONDENTS:

1. Is there anything that we need to

improve to those security measures?
182 147 39 12 380

2. Do you agree to the security

measures implemented?
198 124 37 21 380

26
3. Does our Law Enforcement Agencies
are strict towards its implementation?
211 93 51 25 380

4. Have you ever experienced to commit

or violate any of those security
91 68 189 32 380
measures?

The first question result 47.90% strongly agreed that there are anything that we
need to improve to those security measures, 38.68% agree, 10.26% disagree and 3.16%
for the strongly disagree. Furthermore the second question shows that there are 52.11%
strongly agreed to the security measure being implemented, 32.63% agree, 9.74%
disagree and only 5.52% strongly agree. However, the third question have a 55.53%
strongly agreed that our Law Enforcement Agencies are strict towards its
implementation, 24.47% agree, 13.42% disagree and 6.58% for the strongly disagree.
Lastly there are 49.74% disagreed that they experience to commit or violate any of those
security measures, 23.95% strongly agree, 17.89% agree and 8.42% strongly disagree.

27
 Chapter 5

Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presented the summary of results, conclusions that are based on
the findings, and recommendations for future studies.

7.2 Summary

The researchers conduct this study to have better understanding of the

significance of imposing effective security measures within the community. The
Philippine National Police in Cagayan de Oro Police Office (PNP COCPO) is tasked with
enforcing the law, to prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure
public safety and internal security with the active support of the community. Together
with the participation of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in implementing
community oriented policing and public safety system.

This kind of study applied the ‘Descriptive Survey Design’ which being chosen
by the researchers for efficient way of gathering necessary data to supplement vital

28
 answers for the generated problems of this study. The data gathering was made through
the use of survey questionnaire. It has a sample size of 380 respondents who are subject
to answers those generated questions. The data being gathered were interpreted by
researcher to analyze using the frequency and percentage to determine if there is
significance in the demographic profile of the respondents.

Findings

The following are the remarkable findings from the data which are being analyze.

1. Based on the result of the survey, the age range form 18-28 years old has the highest
percentage of 43.95%
1. Mostly of the respondents are Male with a frequency of 297 and a percentage of 78.16%
2. The educational attainment of the respondents are High School which have a percentage
of 33.43%
3. As to the civil status of the respondents, the single has the highest percentage of 58.84%
4. The respondents are strongly agree that those security measures being impose in the
community are effective in terms of Implementation of Liquor ban; Implementation of
Smoking ban; Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of Facemask.

Conclusions

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the security

measure being imposed within the community of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro
City in terms of Implementation of Liquor Ban, Implementation of Smoking Ban,
Enforcement of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of face-mask. The findings

29
are systematically summarized and interpreted in the demographic profile of respondents
in terms of age, sex, civil status and educational attainment.

Furthermore, findings and results can be serve as basis for security measure to
be created within the community in the near future. Learning the security measure are
useful because each one of us needs a security for our daily lives and also it can make the
community safe from crimes and harms.

Therefore, based on the result of the data being gathered the researcher concluded
that those security measure being tested in this study are effective in the community in
terms of; Implementation of Liquor Ban, Implementation of Smoking Ban, Enforcement
of Curfew on Minors and Mandatory wearing of face-mask.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends the following:
1. The Police should be strict in enforcing the rules and regulation mandated by law.
2. The Police should coordinate with the Local Government Unit.
3. The Police should be the role model of the community.
4. The Police should maintain the community relation program.

INTERNET SOURCE

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/12/13/republic-act-no-6975/

http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Manuals_and_Guides/brgypeaceopnmanual.pdf

dream
(https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/10/10/republic-act-no-7160/)
(https://www.pnp.gov.ph/Manuals_and_Guides/brgypeaceopnmanual.pdf)

30
(https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
as_ylo=2017&q=foreign+literature+about+community+policing&hl=en&as_sdt=0,
5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DxxjeL_11wO0J).

APPENDICES

A. QUESTIONNAIRE

A survey which concerned with "The Significance of Imposing Security Measures within the
Community of Barangay Lumbia." In direct relation to the researchers' study for the reactions,
responses, and observations by those residents of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro City

NAME (optional)

GENDER

( ) Male

( ) Female

AGE *

( ) 18-28

( ) 29-39

31
( ) 40-50

( ) 51-60

DOES THE AGE AND SEX OF THE RESIDENTS OF BRGY. LUMBIA CAGAYAN DE ORO
CITY MATTERS HOW MUCH THEY NEED FOR THE SECURITY? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DOES THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE RESIDENTS AFFECTS HOW MUCH

OR LESS THEY NEED FOR THE SECURITY? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DOES THE CIVIL STATUS OF THE RESIDENTS MATTERS HOW MUCH OR LESS THEY
NEED FOR THE SECURITY?

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

32
DOES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LIQUOR BAN AND SMOKING BAN ARE
ESSENTIAL AT THIS TIME OF PANDEMIC?

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DOES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS FOR MINORS AND MANDATORY

WEARING OF FACE-MASK ARE STRICTLY IMPLEMENTED? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DOES THE POLICIES THAT CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED ARE REALLY NECESSARY?

*

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

IS THERE ANYTHING THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE IN OUR SECURITY MEASURES?

*

( ) Strongly Agree

33
( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DO YOU AGREE THAT THE RESIDENTS SHOULD ALSO HAVE PARTICIPATION OF

THE SAID COMMUNITY POLICING? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

DOES OUR LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ARE STRICTLY ENFORCING THESE

SECURITY MEASURES WITHIN THE COMMUNITY? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

HAVE YOU EVER EXPERIENCED TO COMMIT OR VIOLATE ANY OF THOSE

SECURITY MEASURES? *

( ) Strongly Agree

( ) Agree

( ) Disagree

( ) Strongly Disagree

34
B. Documentation

35
36
 D. MAP
This image shown the area of the study which is the Brgy. Lumbia Cagayan de Oro City.

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Ralf Curky D. Ragasajo

37
Birthdate : September 06, 1999

Address : Lower Dulawon, Lumbia Cagayan de Oro City

Parents : Dan J. Ragasajo

: Rowena D. Ragasajo

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Lumbia Central School

High School : Lumbia National High School

Senior High School : PHINMA- Cagayan de Oro College

College : PHINMA- Cagayan de Oro College

38