List #1

1. Affliction (28) state of pain, distress, or grief; misery

2. Anguish(65) excruciating or acute distress, suffering or pain
3. avenge(85) to take vengeance or exact satisfaction for
4. bewitch(48) to enchant; charm; fascinate
5. billow(120) to swell out, puff up, etc.; as by the action of wind
6. bitter(26) hard to bear; grievous; distressful
7. boast (25) to speak with exaggeration and excessive pride, esp. about oneself
8. borne (29) to carry; bring
9. brood (63) to think or worry about persistently
10. cavernous(94) being, resembling, or suggestive of a cavern
11. compel (99) to force to submit; subdue
12. confide (51) to tell in assurance of secrecy
13. courteous (85) having or showing great manners
14. decree(62) a formal and authoritative order
15. dismal (67) gloomy; dreary; cheerless
16. dwell (99) to live or stay as a permanent resident; reside
17. dynasty (93) a sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group
18. encrusted (117) to cover like a crust
19. endure (102) to hold out against; sustain without impairment or yielding
20. entrust (51) to commit (something) in trust to; confide
21. exile (26) expulsion from one's native land by authoritative decree
22. expedition (85) an excursion, journey, or voyage made for some specific purpose
23. exulting (81) delight, glory, revel
24. fetter (73) to confine; restrain
25. fiend (26) a person or thing that causes mischief or annoyance
26. flee (27) to run away, as from danger or pursuers; take flight
27. flourishing (77) to be successful, prosper
28. fret (37) to feel or express worry
29. gorge (37) to swallow greedily
30. gory (83) involving much bloodshed and violence
31. gruesome (46) causing great horror, horribly grisly
32. lair: a den; hiding place
33. stalked: pursued stealthily; hunted
34.gorge: to fill by eating greedily
35.gruesome: horrible; ghastly
36.writhing: making twisting or turning motions
37.loathsome: disgusting; detestable
38.embrace: hold (someone) closely in one's arms, especially as a sign of affection
39.adore: love and respect (someone) deeply
40.honor: high respect; great esteem

41.Advocate n. someone who promotes or I am an advocate for free

defends something higher education.
v. to defend or promote something Environmental protesters
(usu. a belief, theory, opinion, etc.) often advocate for cleaner
energy practices.

42.Aesthetic adj. relating to beauty or refined The aesthetic decorations at

taste the wedding reception made
you feel as if you were a
character in a fairy tale.
43.Afford v. to be able to buy He’s saving money so he can
v. to be able to spare afford to buy a new car.
I can’t afford to lose any more
pencils!
44.Agitate v. to promote something (usu. a They’re agitating for better
cause) health care.

45.Gifted adj. having exceptional talent or She was an extremely gifted

natural ability. poet.

46.Taste n. the sensation of flavour The scent, the taste , was

perceived in the mouth and throat unlike anything she ever
on contact with a substance experienced.

47.Fancy adj. elaborate in structure or Everyone at the party was

decoration. wearing fancy clothes, except
me.
48.Amnesia n. loss of a large block of She'd been terrified since
interrelated memories; complete or being told she had amnesia ,
partial loss of memory caused by but she'd stayed strong.
brain injury, shock, etc.
49.Cognitive adj. of or relating to the mental The tumor is still growing,
processes of perception, memory, which means there is still a
judgment, and reasoning, as chance at cognitive
contrasted with emotional and deterioration.
volitional processes.
50.Pathological adj. dealing with diseases She has a pathological fear
of heights.
THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
1. A phrase is a group of words without a subject and verb, used as one part of speech. (There are
several types of phrases including the verb phrase, noun phrase, and prepositional phrase.)
2. The prepositional phrase consists of the preposition, its object, and modifiers of the object. The
object of the preposition is always a noun, pronoun, or a group of words used as a noun. To find the
object of the preposition, first say the preposition, then ask, "Whom or what?" s v The coin fell
(between the cracks.) Between is the preposition in the above sentence. To find the object of the
preposition ask "Between what?" The noun "cracks" answers the question, so it is the object of the
preposition.
3. Prepositional phrases are used as adjectives or adverbs.
A. When prepositional phrases are used as adjectives, the phrase comes immediately after the noun
or pronoun it modifies. The phrase answers one of the following questions about the word it
modifies: Which one? What kind of? How many? Whose? My check (for the dress) is in the mail. The
prepositional phrase, "for the dress," tells which check. The phrase is used as an adjective modifying
the noun "check."
B. When prepositional phrases are used as adverbs, they may be found any place in the sentence.
The adverb phrase tells how, when, where, or under what condition about a verb, adjective, or
adverb. The boy fell (on the steps.) The phrase "on the steps" tells where the boy fell. It modifies the
verb "fell" and is used as an adverb.
4. The following is a list of frequently used prepositions:
about away from beside during on underneath above apart from besides except onto until according
to around between for out (out of) up across aside from beyond from outside upon after at by in
(into) over with against because of by means of including past within along before by way of like
through without along with behind concerning near to amid or amidst below despite of towards
among beneath down off under

Directions: Circle all the prepositional phrases in the following sentences.

1. After the movie the group of teenagers went to McDonalds for a burger.
2. Without sugar the blueberries were too sour for the dinner guests.
3. Sally worked from midnight to noon on her science project.
4. Over the river and through the woods to grandfather’s house we go.
5. He ate three boxes of popcorn with butter during the movie.
6. Despite his fear of water Jack saved the drowning puppy.
7. Janet took her lunch with her to the seminar.
8. At the Country Fair the child with the freckles won the talent contest.
9. For breakfast she likes bananas with strawberries.
10. Down the dark alley the cat chased a rat with long whiskers.
11. The police searched throughout the apartment complex for the escaped criminal.
12. During the summer Gordie fishes under the large oak tree beside Silver Creek.
13. By noon Jimmy decided a nap on the hammock would be nice.
14. Geese live in flocks while cattle live among herds.
15. Around the world music brings together people of all nationalities.
16. He likes movies about war; she prefers movies with a romantic theme.
17. Away from home for the first time Mary wrote numerous letters to her family.
18. Mud squished beneath her feet as Ann walked through the woods during a rainstorm.
19. The sculptures above the entrance (was, were) designed by a nineteenth century artist.
20. Inside the auditorium a group of dancers (was, were) practicing.
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An infinitive is a verbal—usually preceded by the particle to—that can

function in a sentence as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. This exercise will
test your ability to recognize infinitive phrases and distinguish them
from prepositional phrases. See how many you can get right.

Instructions
Each sentence below contains at least one infinitive phrase. Some (but not all)
of the sentences also include prepositional phrases beginning with to. Identify
only the infinitive phrase(s) in each sentence, and then compare your
responses with the answers below.

1. More than anything else, I wanted some time alone to read.

2. My grandmother told me that we have been put on Earth to share, to
care, to give, and to receive.
3. While the train was stopped at the station, Bugsy attempted to climb to
the top of one of the freight cars.
4. In the book, "Mama Day," "Mama Day tells the citizens of the island to
listen to the crows instead of the news bulletins."
5. During the Great Depression, audiences wanted to laugh when they
went to the movies.
6. Every Wednesday, six women from Wisbech came to the castle to do the
weekly wash.
7. On the last night of the retreat, we wanted to sing a song to end an
evening that had been particularly touching to us all.
8. The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and proceeded to drive to
the country to see his mother.
9. At the end of their long adventure, Lucy and Edmund are told that they
are too old to return to Narnia again.
10. This is from the book, "Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret":
"Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had organized, there was a complete
assortment of powers: one to fight with ice, one to see through soil, one
to throw lightning, one to fly, one to fade, one to shrink, one to breathe
fire, one to run like the wind, one to burrow, one to see through rock,
one to levitate objects, and one to push and bind dreams."
Here (in bold print) are the answers.

1. More than anything else, I wanted some time alone to read.

2. My grandmother told me that we have been put on earth to share, / to
care, / to give, and to receive.
3. While the train was stopped at the station, Bugsy attempted to climb to
the top of one of the freight cars.
4. In the book, "Mama Day," "Mama Day tells the citizens of the island to
listen to the crows instead of the news bulletins."
5. During the Great Depression, audiences wanted to laugh when they
went to the movies.
6. Every Wednesday, six women from Wisbech came to the castle to do
the weekly wash.
7. On the last night of the retreat, we wanted to sing a song / to end an
evening that had been particularly touching to us all.
8. The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and proceeded to drive to
the country to see his mother.
9. At the end of their long adventure, Lucy and Edmund are told that they
are too old to return to Narnia again.
10. This is from the book, "Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret":
"Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had organized, there was a complete
assortment of powers: one to fight with ice, one to see through soil,
one to throw lightning, one to fly, one to fade, one to shrink,
one to breathe fire, one to run like the wind, one to burrow,
one to see through rock, one to levitate objects, and one to push
and bind dreams."

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Instructions
Combine the sentences in each set below into a single clear sentence with at
least one participial phrase. Here's an example:

• I stood on the roof of my apartment building at dawn.

Sample combination: Standing on the roof of my apartment building at

dawn, I watched the sun rise through gray clouds.

When you're done, compare your sentences with the sample combinations on
page two.

Exercise: Building Sentences with Participial Phrases

1. The dishwasher was invented in 1889.
The dishwasher was invented by an Indiana housewife.The first
dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.
 2. I took small sips from a can of Coke.
I was sitting on the ground in a shady corner.I was sitting with my back
against the wall.
3. I was sitting on the window ledge.
The ledge overlooked the narrow street.
I watched the children.The children were frolicking in the first snow of
the season.
4. The first edition of Infant Care was published by the U.S. Government.
The first edition of Infant Care was published in 1914.
The first edition of Infant Care recommended the use of peat moss for
disposable diapers.
5. The house sat stately upon a hill.
The house was gray.
The house was weather-worn.The house was surrounded by barren
tobacco fields.
6. I washed the windows in a fever of fear.
I whipped the squeegee swiftly up and down the glass.I feared that some
member of the gang might see me.
7. Goldsmith smiled.
He bunched his cheeks like twin rolls of toilet paper.
His cheeks were fat.
The toilet paper was smooth.The toilet paper was pink.
8. The roaches scurried in and out of the breadbox.
The roaches sang chanteys.
The roaches sang as they worked.
The roaches paused only to thumb their noses.
They thumbed their noses jeeringly.They thumbed their noses in my
direction.
9. The medieval peasant was distracted by war.
The medieval peasant was weakened by malnutrition.
The medieval peasant was exhausted by his struggle to earn a living.The
medieval peasant was an easy prey for the dreadful Black Death.
10. He eats slowly.
He eats steadily.
He sucks the sardine oil from his fingers.
The sardine oil is rich.He sucks the oil with slow and complete relish.

Exercise Answers
Here are sample combinations for the 10 sets of sentence-building exercises
on page one. Keep in mind that in most cases more than one effective
combination is possible.

1. Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was

driven by a steam engine.
2. Sitting on the ground in a shady corner with my back against the wall, I
took small sips from a can of Coke.
3. Sitting on the window ledge overlooking the narrow street, I watched
the children frolicking in the first snow of the season.
4. Published by the U.S. Government in 1914, the first edition of Infant
Care recommended the use of peat moss for disposable diapers.
5. The gray, weather-worn house sat stately upon a hill surrounded by
barren tobacco fields.
6. Fearing that some member of the gang might see me, I washed the
windows in a fever of fear, whipping the squeegee swiftly up and down
the glass.
7. "Goldsmith smiled, bunching his fat cheeks like twin rolls of smooth
pink toilet paper."
(Nathanael West, Miss Lonelyhearts)
8. "The roaches scurried in and out of the breadbox, singing chanteys as
they worked and pausing only to thumb their noses jeeringly in my
direction."
(S. J. Perelman, The Rising Gorge)
9. The medieval peasant, distracted by war, weakened by malnutrition,
exhausted by his struggle to earn a living, was an easy prey for the
dreaded Black Death.
10. He eats slowly, steadily, sucking the rich sardine oil from his fingers
with slow and complete relish.