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    Anatomy Past Paper

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    Abdul Samad Noonari
    The document contains questions and answers related to human anatomy. It discusses different types of joints like synovial joints which allow movement. It also describes the different types of cartilage, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of organs like the uterus and breast. Other topics covered include the differences between small and large intestines, anterior surfaces of kidneys, male and female pelvis, and retroperitoneal structures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Anatomy Past Paper

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Samad Noonari
    49 views7 pages
    The document contains questions and answers related to human anatomy. It discusses different types of joints like synovial joints which allow movement. It also describes the different types of cartilage, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of organs like the uterus and breast. Other topics covered include the differences between small and large intestines, anterior surfaces of kidneys, male and female pelvis, and retroperitoneal structures.

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    The document contains questions and answers related to human anatomy. It discusses different types of joints like synovial joints which allow movement. It also describes the different types of cartilage, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of organs like the uterus and breast. Other topics covered include the differences between small and large intestines, anterior surfaces of kidneys, male and female pelvis, and retroperitoneal structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views7 pages

    Anatomy Past Paper

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Samad Noonari
    The document contains questions and answers related to human anatomy. It discusses different types of joints like synovial joints which allow movement. It also describes the different types of cartilage, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of organs like the uterus and breast. Other topics covered include the differences between small and large intestines, anterior surfaces of kidneys, male and female pelvis, and retroperitoneal structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Q1.

    Classify the joint and describe briefly any one with example:
    Ans: There are three types of Joints

    1. Fibrous joint
    2. Cartilaginous joint
    3. Synovial joint

    Synovial joint
    Synovial joints allow for movement. Where the bones meet to form a synovial joint, the bones' surfaces
    are covered with a thin layer of strong, smooth articular cartilage.

    Examples: Plane Joint, Hing Joint, Pivot Joint, Ball and Socket Joint, Condyloid Joint, Saddle Joint,
    Ellipsoid Joint.

    Q2. Describe and Differentiate Between the types of cartilages with example:
    Ans: There are three types of cartilage:

    1. Hyaline Cartilage i.e most common, found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea
    2. Fibrocartilage i.e is found in invertebral discs, joint capsules, ligaments.
    3. Elastic cartilage i.e is found in the external ear, epiglottis and larynx.

    Q3. Write short note on uterus with its blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic
    drainage?

    Ans: The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and
    rectum. The ovaries produce the eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the
    ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus.
    Blood Supply: Uterine artery.
    Nerve Supply: Uterine artery.
    Lymphatic drainage: obturator lymph nodes.

    Q4. Write short notes on breast and its lymphatic system:

    Ans: Breast situated in the pectoral region. The breasts are specialized accessory
    glands of the skin that secrete milk.
    They are present in both sexes and share similar structure in males and
    immature females. The nipples are small and surrounded by a colored area of
    skin called the areola

    Lymph Drainage: Lateral quadrants drain into the anterior axillary


    Medial quadrants drain by means of
    vessels that pierce the intercostal spaces and enter the internal thoracic group of
    nodes
    Q5. Difference between Small and Large intestine
    Small Intestine Large Intestine
    Large in length Short in length
    narrow in width Wide in length
    Villi is present in small intestine. Villi is absent in large intestine.
    Small intestine has three parts, jejunum, duodenum Large intestine has four parts, which are, rectum,
    and ileum. colon, caecum and anal canal.
    Taenia coli is absent in small intestine. Taenia Coli are present in large intestine.
    Peyers Patches are present in small intestine. Peyers patches are absent in large intestine.

    Q6. Draw the diagram of anterior surface of both kidney?


    Ans:

    Q7. Difference Between Male and Female Pelvis?


    Ans:
    Male Female
    Thick and heavy Thin and light
    Greater pelvis deep Greater pelvis shallow
    Laser Pelvis Narrow and Deep Wide and shallow
    Pelvic inlet Heart shape, narrow Oval and rounded, wide
    Pelvic outlet Small Pelvic outlet large
    Acetabulum Large Small

    Q8. Name Retroperitoneal Structure and describe any one?


    Ans: SAD PUCKER
    Retroperitoneal organs only partially covered with visceral peritoneum.
    Example:
    S = Suprarenal gland
    A = Aorta
    D= Duodenum
    P= Pancreas
    U= Ureter
    C= Colon
    K= Kidney
    E= Oesophagus
    R= Rectum s

    Pancreas
    During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down
    sugars, fats, and starches. Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.
    Q1. Describe posterior abdominal wall
    Ans: The posterior abdominal wall is formed in the midline by the five lumbar
    vertebrae and their intervertebral discs and laterally by the 12th ribs, the
    upper part of the bony pelvis, the psoas muscles, the quadratus lumborum
    muscles, and the aponeuroses of origin of the transversus abdominis muscles.

    Q2. Conducting system of heart


    Ans: A network of specialized muscle cells is found in the heart's walls. These muscle cells send
    signals to the rest of the heart muscle causing a contraction. This group of muscle cells is called
    the cardiac conduction system.

    The main parts of the system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, and
    Purkinje fibers.

    Q3: Name the opening in diaphragm with their content:


    Ans: The diaphragm has 3 major openings and 5 minor openings.
    1. Aortic opening at the level T12 transmit Aorta
    2. Esophageal opening at the level T10 transmit Esophagus, the right and left
    vagus nerves.
    3. Caval opening lies at the level of the T8 transmit Inferior vena cava, right
    phrenic nerve.

    Q4. Write short note on pelvic diaphragm?


    Ans: The paired levator ani and coccygeus muscles and their covering fasciae form
    the pelvic diaphragm. It is incomplete anteriorly to allow passage
    of the urethra in males and the urethra and the vagina in females.

    Q5. Write short note on Lungs and Difference between right and left lungs
    Ans: During life, the lungs are soft and spongy and very elastic. Lungs covered with
    visceral pleura. Lungs have Apex, Base, Costal Surface and Mediastinal surface.

    Difference between right and left lungs


    Right Lung Left Lung
    3 lobes = Superior, Middle, Inferior 2 lobes = Superior, Inferior
    Fissure = Horizontal lies forth intercostal Oblique Fissure
    Oblique lies T2 to T6
    Larger Smaller
    Q6. Coronary Blood Supply of Heart?
    Ans: The right and left coronary arteries provide the arterial supply of the heart.

    Right Coronary Artery


    Branches
    1. Right conus artery
    2. right marginal artery
    3. anterior ventricular branches
    4. posterior ventricular branches

    Left Coronary Artery


    Branches
    1. left conus artery
    2. left marginal artery
    3. circumflex artery

    Q7. Draw a diagram of structure of the testis and label it


    Ans:
    Q1. Write down the types of bones and how to ossifies?
    Ans: There are many types of bones:
    1. Long bones
    2. Short bones:
    3. Flat bones
    4. Irregular bones
    5. Pneumatic bones
    6. Sesamoid bones

    Ossification of bones:

    This process involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone. It begins when mesoderm-derived
    mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. Chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an
    extracellular matrix to form the cartilage model for bone.

    Q2. Discuss the histology of the muscular tissue with examples?

    Ans: There are three types of Muscular Tissue

    1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue - striated, voluntary, long cylindrical, Multinucleated

    2. Smooth Muscle Tissue - striated, involuntary, Single Nucleated

    3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue - nonstriated, involuntary. Short cylindrical, Single Nucleated

    Q3. What are types of epithelium? Write examples:

    Ans. There are 4 types of Epitheliums!

    1) simple squamous – pericardium, alveoli.


    2) simple cuboidal – kidneys, pancreas
    3) simple columnar – microvilli, cilia
    4) pseudostratified – uterus

    Q4. A. Which types of joints present b/w femur and hip bone?
    B. What are the characteristics feature of synovial joint?
    Ans: A. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint:

    B. Synovial joints. In this type of joint, bones can perform larger movements, in part, because joint
    surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage.

    Q5. What are anatomical position of Human Body and describe planes:
    Ans: Standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and
    the palms facing forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.

    Plane of Human Body:


    1.Sagittal Plane
    2. Transverse Plane
    3. coronal plane
    Q7. What cell present in nervous system describe in details?
    Ans: The nervous system comprises of two groups of cells, glial cells and neurones. Neurones
    are responsible for communicating with other neurones via electrochemical signals.
    Glial cells work to support, nourish, insulate neurones and remove the waste products of
    metabolism.

    Q8. Describe connective tissue and types?


    Ans: Connective tissues bind structures together, form a framework and support for organs

    There are 4 types of connective tissues


    1. Loose connective
    2. Adipose
    3. Bone
    4. Blood

    Q1. What are type of basic tissue? Describe any one:


    Ans: There are 4 basic types of tissue:
    1. Connective tissue
    2. Epithelial tissue
    3. Muscle tissue
    4. Nervous tissue

    Nervous Tissue: Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for
    coordinating and controlling many body activities

    Q2. How thoracic wall formed is formed? Classify ribs?


    Ans: The thoracic wall is made up of five muscles:
    1. External intercostal muscles
    2. Internal intercostal muscles
    3. Innermost intercostal muscles
    4. Subcostalis
    5. Transversus thoracis

    Classification of Ribs
    1. True Ribs
    2. False Ribs
    3. Floating Ribs

    Q3. Write short note on Liver.


    Ans: The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It removes toxins from the body's blood supply,
    maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital
    functions.

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