‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم‬

Present simple Tense:

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
play / go / eat :‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬to ‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺪون‬
(he / she /it) ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬s ‫ ﯾﻀﺎف ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﺮف‬
want - wants hate - hates
sell - sells say – says
‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬o / ss / sh / ch / x ‫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑــ‬es ‫ ﯾﻀﺎف‬
go - goes miss - misses wish - wishes watch - watches mix - mixes
y ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺬف ﺣﺮف اﻟــ‬y ‫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑﺤﺮف‬ies ‫ ﯾﻀﺎف‬
carry - carries fly-flies
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬y ‫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑﺤﺮف‬s ‫ ﯾﻀﺎف ﺣﺮف‬
buy - buys stay-stays
- We use petrol in our cars. - The sun rises in the east.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ Usage:
‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺗﻜﻮن داﺋﻤﺎ‬
- Doctors help ill people.
repeated action ‫ أو ﺣﺪث ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬habit ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدة‬
- I go to work at 7 o’clock. I do my homework every night.
true situation ‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أو ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻰ داﺋﻢ‬
- I prefer coffee to tea.
‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ أو أوﻟﮭﺎ‬
every day/ week / year - twice a week / a month - on Sundays / Fridays
- We watch TV every night.
- Every night we watch TV.
- I go to the library once a week.
verb to be ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ ظﺮوف اﻟﺘﻜﺮار و ﺗ ﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻰ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ أو ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
(am / is / are)
- often ً‫ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ‬- sometimes ً‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬- - usually ً‫ داﺋﻤﺎ‬always
– ever – frequently - occasionallyً‫ أﺑﺪا‬- never ‫ﻧﺎدرا‬ ً rarely / seldom
- I always try to save energy. I rarely watch television.
- I’m always in a hurry in the morning.
‫ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬: ‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
:‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ am / is / are + pp + by + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
- Farmers grow cotton (‫)ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
- Cotton is grown by farmers . ( ‫) ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬
Present Continuous Tense
‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
am / is / are + v. + ing ‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
- It is raining now.
- She is cooking at the moment.
- They are studying at present.

٢٦
 ing ‫ ﯾﺤﺬف ﻋﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟـ‬e ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑﺤﺮف‬
write writing leave leaving
move moving
ing ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟـ‬y ‫ إﻟﻰ‬ie ‫ ﻧﺤﻮل اﻟـ‬ie ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑـ‬
die dying lie lying
‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ و ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
. ing ‫اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟــ‬
stop stopping run running
cut cutting
‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻌ ﯿﻦ أو اﻛﺜ ﺮ و ﯾﻨﺘﮭ ﻰ ﺑﺤ ﺮف ﺳ ﺎﻛﻦ ﻣ ﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤ ﺮف ﻣﺘﺤ ﺮك ﯾ ﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤ ﺮف‬
. ing ‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟــ‬
begin beginning prefer preferring
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ Usage:
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﺤﺪث اﻵن أو ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻼم‬
- They are watching TV.
- I’m eating ice cream now.
- Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺊ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
- I’m leaving early today. I’ve arranged it with the headmaster.
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﯾﺤﺪث و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﻓﻰ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻼم‬
- I’m reading an interesting book at the moment.
:‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺒﮫ‬look ! / ‫ ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬at the moment / ‫ اﻵن‬now
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬at present / ‫ أﻧﺼﺖ‬Listen !
- Look! A car is coming.
- They are playing tennis now.
‫ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬:‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ إﻟ ﻰ ﺻ ﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭ ﻮل‬active ‫ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﯾ ﻞ ﺟﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻓ ﻰ زﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﺒﻨ ﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠ ﻮم‬
:‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬passive

‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ am / is / are + being + p.p. + by + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

- My mother is cleaning the room .( Active )
The room is being cleaned. ( Passive )
 Choose the correct answer:
1- In many countries, the wind (use-uses-is using-is used) to generate electricity.
2- Huge amounts of electricity (is produced-produce-are produced-are producing) in nuclear power
stations.
3- Holes (drill-is drilled-are drilling-are drilled) into the earth to find hot water.
4- In some cities, rubbish (burn-burns-is burnt-is burring) to produce electricity.
5- Water (heat-is heated-are heated-is heating) to turn it into steam.
6- The steam (is piped-pipes-is piping-are piped) to a power station.
7- Electricity (produces-is producing-is produced-produce) from the water in the power station.
8- Electricity is sometimes (to make-making-makes-made) from wind turbines.
9- In many parts of the world, wood (burns-is burnt-is burning-to burn) to heat people's homes.
10- Sugar cane is (grow-growing-to grow-grown) and used to make fuel for cars and other vehicles.

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬Past Simple Tense

‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
Active ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
Passive Was / were + pp

٢٧
Ex: At the age of seven, my parents took me to London.

At the age of seven, I was taken to London by my parents.

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ Usage:
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ واﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
- We met in 1987. - We didn’t meet in Egypt. Where did we meet?
:‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬- In the past ‫ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬...last .. ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ‬- ago ‫ أﻣﺲ‬Yesterday
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬- In old times ‫ ذات ﻣﺮة‬- once upon a time ‫ ذات ﻣﺮة‬Once
‫ ﻓﻰ ﯾﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷﯾﺎم‬- one day ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬In ancient times
‫ ﺳﻨﻮات( ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ‬/ ‫ ﺷﮭﻮر‬/ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ أﯾﺎم )أﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬The other day (week-month-year)
In 1999 - when I was young
‫ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬Past Continuous Tense
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
Active was / were + v. + ing
Passive was / were + being + pp
Ex: Somebody phoned me while I was cooking the dinner.
Somebody phoned me while the dinner was being cooked.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ Usage:
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
- Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast.
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﮫ ﺣﺪث آﺧﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
- I was having a shower when the phone rang.
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
- While father was watching TV, mother was cooking in the kitchen.
:‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬- when ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ‬- just as ‫ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬- as ‫ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬while
‫ طﻮال اﻟﯿﻮم أﻣﺲ‬all day yesterday = the whole day yesterday
‫ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺎﻋﺔ أﻣﺲ‬- for an hour yesterday ‫ طﻮال اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬all the time
- While he was leaving the house, the phone rang.
- As he was leaving the house, the phone rang.
- While Just as he was leaving the house, the phone rang.
.‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﺛﻢ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ أو اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬when ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
- I was studying English when the lights went out.
- The lights went out when I was studying English.
.‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺧﺮ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬because ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
- Magdy couldn’t hear the phone because he was having a shower.
:ing ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑـ‬while ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
- While I was having lunch, the phone rang.
:‫ أو اﺳﻢ‬ing ‫ و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﺑـ‬While ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬During ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- During having lunch, the phone rang.
- During my lunchtime, the phone rang.
:‫ أو اﺳﻢ‬ing ‫ و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑـ‬When ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬on ‫ ﯾﻤﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- On seeing the police, the thief ran away.
‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺎم‬Past Perfect
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
Active had + pp
Passive had been + pp

٢٨
Ex: As soon as he had taken the photograph, he showed it to his friend.
As soon as the photograph had been taken, it was shown to his friend.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ usage:
.‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث وﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪث آﺧﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
:‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬
After / When / As soon as + past perfect + past simple
Before / By the time + past simple + past perfect
Negative past simple + till / until + past perfect
Ex: After he had done his homework, he watched television.
When he had read the novel, he watched TV.
As soon as he had found a place, he parked his car.
Before he parked TV, he had found a place.
By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
He didn’t park his car until he had found a place.
‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬Present perfect simple tense
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ Form:
‫ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬Active Has / have + pp
‫ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬Passive Has / have + been + pp
Ex: Something is wrong with his car, so he has taken it to the garage.
Something is wrong with his car, so it has been taken to the garage.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ Usage:
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ و ﻣﺎزال ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬
- I have lived in Cairo for many years. = I still live there.
.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ و ﻻزاﻟﺖ آﺛﺎره ﺑﺎﻗﯿﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬
- I’ve lost my keys. = I can’t open the door.
.‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ و اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ already:
- Have you already written to John?
- He has already had dinner. - I have seen the film already.
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ just:
- I’ve just spoken to Ahmed on the phone.
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ و اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬ yet:
- Has he arrived yet? They haven't eaten yet.
 ever:
‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ و ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ و اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑـ‬no one / no body / nothing
- Have you ever been to the zoo?
. - This is the most exciting film I have ever seen
- Nothing like this has ever happened to us.
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬ never:
- No, I have never been to the zoo.
 so far / lately / recently:
- He has typed five letters so far. It has been hot lately.
- He has bought a new mobile recently.
 for:
‫و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬
- He has lived in Cairo for 10 years.
 since:
‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﺪث أو ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
I haven’t seen him since last week. I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo.
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات‬
 It’s/This is the first (second …) time …..  It’s (This) is the only

٢٩
  In the last few years / months  In recent years
‫اﻟﻘﺮون‬/‫ اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬ over the ages / over the years / over the centuries
Ex: It’s the first time I have been to London.
This is the only friend I have met there. Egypt has changed a lot in the last few
years.
 Choose the correct answer:
1- I (used to read-was reading-had read-have read) the newspaper everyday. Now I don’t
have the time.
2- As soon as he (takes-has taken-will take-had taken) the photograph, he showed it to his
friend.
3- I (was taken-took-was taking-had taken) to a football match at the weekend.
4- I (already saw-have already seen-had already seen-was already seeing) the film before I
read the book.
5- What (did you do-were you doing-have you done-do you do) when I called you?
6- I (have had-had-had had-was having) my own computer for three years now.
7- While I (did-was doing-have done-doing) my homework, my sister was listening to music.
8- The windows at school (cleaned-were cleaning-were cleaned-had cleaned) this morning.
9- We (told-were telling-have told-were told) to give in our homework on Tuesday.
10- I (enjoy-was enjoying-enjoyed-have enjoyed) reading novels since I was a young child.

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬Future time

:‫ ھﻨﺎك طﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬Future Simple

will / shall + ‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬:‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻦ‬
- I expect I will ('ll) see you tomorrow. When will she get here?
- We shall probably go to Alex. In the summer.
:‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬I / we ‫ ﻣﻊ‬shall ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬will ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
:‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬
next year / in the future / soon / in a year / tomorrow / this time next week
this time tomorrow / soon
- I'll travel tomorrow morning. - They will arrive soon.
:‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
I expect / I'm sure / I think / probably /I hope / I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps /
I know / I wonder / I suppose
- I expect he will win the first prize.- I don't think she will get the job.
- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.
: ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬If ‫ وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ‬
- If it rains, we will stay at home.

:will ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬
.(future facts) ‫ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ‬will ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬
- I’ll be 16 next week.
.(predictions) ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ‬will ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
. - I’ll probably be away for a week
.(quick decision) ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮار ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬will ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬
- That’s the phone – I’ll answer it.
(request) ‫( و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬offer) ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺮض‬will ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- I’ll go shopping with you if you like. (Offer)
- Will you look at my homework tonight, please? (Request)

٣٠
 .(threat) ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬will ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- I’ll resign if I don’t get a pay rise.

Will + inf. + when/as soon as/after/before/till/until + present simple/perfect

- I’ll leave the office after I finish (have finished) my work.

- I’ll finish my work before I leave (have left) the office.
- I won’t leave the office until I finish (have finished) my work.

2) Going to
- I’m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
- He isn’t going to visit his uncle until Saturday.
- Watch out! The baby is going to fall.
.(decisions) ‫( و ﻗﺮارات‬intentions) ‫( و ﻧﻮاﯾﺎ‬plans) ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﻂ‬going to ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- We’re saving up because we’re going to buy a car.
- I’m going to make some coffee. Do you want some?
- My sister is going to apply for a place at medical school.
- When I get home, I’m going to watch the news on TV.
.‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺤﺪث ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ و ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﮫ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻵن‬going to ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- I think I’m going to fail this exam. I haven’t done much work.
- I think it’s going to rain. The sky’s looking very dark.
- I just read the weather report. It’s going to be sunny.

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬3)The present continuous

.‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻟﮫ و ھﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد‬
- He’s travelling to Assiut tomorrow. (He’s got his ticket.)
- I’m going home in half an hour. (I’ve arranged it with the boss.)
- She’s flying to India in the summer. (She’s arranged that)
- I’m not doing anything tomorrow. (I’ve arranged that)
- Tomorrow, we are visiting friends. (We’ve arranged that)
- I can’t see you tomorrow. We’re visiting relatives.

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬4)The present simple

‫ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺆﻛﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮاﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﺨ ﺎص ﻣ ﺜﻼ ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻ ﻼت و‬
.‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ و اﻟﻤﺴﺮح و اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ و ﺟﺪاول اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت‬
. - The course starts in March .
- This lesson doesn’t finish until 2.30.
- My plane leaves at 7.30 in the morning.

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬5)The future continuous

‫( و ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣ ﺪث ﺳ ﻮف ﯾﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻓ ﻰ‬will / shall + be + v. + ing) ‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
– Can I come and see you at 4 o’clock tomorrow?”
- No I’ll be driving to the airport then. Come at 2.30, before I leave.”

 Choose the correct answer:

1) It’s arranged. We (are going-will go-go-shall go) to the Red Sea this summer.
2) I think my brother (is-is going to be-is being-will be) a doctor. He’s very clever.
3) My lesson (finishes-is finishing-is going to finish-was finishing) at four o’clock this afternoon.
4) I (meet-am meeting-will meet-is going to meet) a friend from Cairo on Monday. I’ve
arranged that.

٣١
5) He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-will be flying) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket.
6) You (will break-would break-have broken-should break) it if you aren’t careful.
7) We won’t start the meeting until you (arrives-had arrived-will arrive-arrive).
8) The concert this evening (starts-will start-is starting-is going to start) at 7.
9) We (start-have started-will start-started) the meeting as soon as he arrives.
10) When he (visits-will visit-visiting-visit) me tomorrow, I’ll tell him all about my new book.

٣٢
 Skills – Mr.Gawad Elshafey
1
1) Translate into Arabic:
1. Preservation of the environment has become a global issue that everyone seeks to achieve.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Researchers link internet addiction with existing mental health issues, most notably
depression.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ أﺛﺮ اﯾﺠـﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻟﺬا ﯾﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮون اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬-١
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
.‫ﺗﺼﺪر ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻄﻦ و اﻟﻔﻮاﻛﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ إﻟﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻷﺧﺮى وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻮرد اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻤﺢ‬-٢
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1-A lot of African countries suffer from droughts and famines. Although
governments are distributing food aids to millions of people, more and more people
are in dire need of assistance.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
2-Scientists tell us that the best way to protect endangered species is to protect the
places where they live, so they can have a better chance of survival.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﻧﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻹﻧﻌﺎش اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي‬-١
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
‫اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ ُﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪاً ﺧﻄﯿﺮا ﻟﻠﺴﻼم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺬا ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة أن ﺗﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ‬-٢
‫و اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬
Translate into Arabic:
1-Without reclaiming the desert and building more and more factories in the new
cities, it will be impossible to face the serious problem of over-population.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-The majority of climate scientists agree that global warming is actually happening
and that human activity is the primary cause
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫ ﻷن ﻗﻄــﺮة ﻣﯿـــﺎه ﺗﺴــﺎوي ﺣﯿــﺎة‬، ‫ ﻻ ﺑــﺪ أن ﻧﻘﺘﺼــﺪ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨــﺪام اﻟﻤﯿــﺎه و ﻻ ﻧﺒﺪدھﺎ‬-١
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
‫إﻗﺎﻣــﺔ اﻟﻤــﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸــﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻀﺨﻤــﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﺳﻮف ﯾﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬-٢
.‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻹﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬

٣٣
 Words and Expressions important for Translation & comprehension
passages
On the other hand ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ undeniable fact ‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫إﻧﻜﺎرھﺎ‬
Depression ‫اﻛﺘﺌﺎب – إﺣﺒﺎط‬ reconstruction ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬
genius ‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮي‬ in favour of ‫ﻣﺆﯾﺪ ل‬
Association ‫ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ‬- ‫اﺗﺤﺎد‬ public sector ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺎم‬
Audience ‫اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر‬ considerable ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﺮي‬
significance
undoubtedly ‫ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ‬ areas of specialization ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬
economic depression ‫رﻛﻮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ from a legal ‫ﻣﻦ وﺟﮭﺔ‬
standpoint ‫ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
statistics ‫إﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎت‬ alternative ‫ﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ‬
summit conference ‫ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﻗﻤﺔ‬ economic supremacy ‫ﺗﻔﻮق‬
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
unrest / ‫اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت‬ vitality ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻼﻗﻞ‬
global village ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬ globalization ‫اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬
extinction ‫اﻧﻘﺮاض‬ expansion ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊ‬
rate ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ marketing ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬
prosperity ‫رﺧﺎء‬ welfare ‫رﻓﺎھﯿﺔ‬
on the world stage ‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح‬ all around the world
‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ أﻧﺤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
throughout the ‫ﻓﻲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
heavenly religions ‫اﻷدﯾﺎن‬
world ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﯾﺔ‬
developed countries ‫اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ developing countries ‫اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬
supporters ‫اﻟﻤﺆﯾﺪون‬ oppose ‫ﯾﻌﺎرض‬
the Western culture ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ fast-changing world ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
Write an essay of about 180 words about : ( The importance of eating healthy food )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 Skills – Mr.Gawad Elshafey
1) Translate into Arabic:
1- The world's climate is changing. Scientists believe that this is due to a number of
natural reasons, like heat from the sun, volcanoes and the increase in carbon dioxide.
Global warming will cause ice in some regions to melt, sea levels will rise, there will
be floods and lots of people will be homeless.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2-Today tourism has become a huge business. It is a good source of national income
for countries on the Mediterranean coast. Hence, we have to attract more tourists to
visit Egypt all year round by building more comfortable hotels and making all tourist
facilities available.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ دورا ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺟﯿﻞ واع ﺑﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﺬا ﯾﺠﺐ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ وﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺪارس‬-١
.‫وﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬
…………………………………………………………………………………………

٣٤
 ‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﺗﺘﻌــﺎون ﻛﻞ اﻟﺪول ﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿــﻞ اﻟﺘﻠـــﻮث اﻟﺒﯿـــﺌﻲ ﻷﻧﮫ ﯾﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪا ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت و ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬-٢
.‫أﻣﺮاﺿﺎ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﺮطﺎن‬
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1-Many people are worried about the influence television now has on people's lives.
This is especially true of children who watch TV for hours without any adult
supervision.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Internet shopping has greatly grown nowadays. Lots of shops and companies now
have user-friendly websites to make buying easier, cheaper and more interesting. In
this way, more and more people are attracted to online shopping.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
‫إن زﯾﺎدة اﻹﻧﺘﺎج و ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻮاردات ﺳﻮف ﯾﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي و ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪم و رﺧﺎء‬-١
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
. ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮء أن ﯾﺤﻘﻖ أھﺪاﻓﮫ إذا ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺮ و اﻟﻌﺰﯾﻤﺔ واﻹرادة اﻟﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬- -٢
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1-The Government of Egypt is launching an ambitious investment program so that
Egypt can realize its full economic potential and provide employment for millions of
young men.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2- All living creatures need to cooperate in order to achieve their goals. Teamwork,
which means the ability of a group to work wee together, is something we cannot do
without. Teamwork, together with tolerance, is essential for the success of any
project.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
. ‫ إن اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻷرض ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻟﮫ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﺧﻄﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬-١
.‫ ﺑﺪون اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت و اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺳﻮف ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻈﻞ أﺣﯿﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‬-٢

Words and Expressions important for Translation &

comprehension passages
Armed with ‫ﯾﺘﺴﻠﺢ ب‬ global catastrophe ‫ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬
/disaster
sincerity ‫اﻹﺧﻼص‬ global challenge ‫ﺗﺤﺪي ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
human society ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬ globalization ‫اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬
complaints ‫ﺷﻜﺎوى‬ Participate /share /take ‫ﯾﺸﺎرك ﻓﻰ‬
part in
reinforce ‫ ﺗﻘﻮى‬/ ‫ﺗﻌﺰزﺗﻌﺰز‬ honesty
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬
the financial crisis ‫اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ hinder
‫ ﯾﻌﺮﻗﻞ‬/ ‫ﯾﻌﻮق‬
global economy ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ fatal diseases
/ ‫أﻣﺮاض ﻓﺘﺎﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬
logical ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ generation ‫ﺟﯿﻞ‬
stability ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ economic recovery ‫اﻧﺘﻌﺎش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬

٣٥
 economic reform ‫إﺻﻼح اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ economic issue ‫ﻗﻀﯿﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬
terrorism ‫اﻹرھﺎب‬ deterioration ‫ﺗﺪھﻮر‬
Devastation – ‫دﻣﺎر‬ seeks to ‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻰ‬
destruction - ruin
homeland ‫وطﻦ‬ exploitation ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬
social factors ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ comprehensive ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
Write an essay of about 180 words about : ( A story with a moral )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 Skills – Mr.Gawad Elshafey

1) Translate into Arabic:
1- People nowadays need to understand that learning must be lifelong. This is
necessary because the world of work is changing very fast. To remain employable,
people must always look ahead and learn new knowledge and skills.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
2-To reduce air pollution, we must avoid burning wood and garbage. We must leave
our cars at home and use public transport. We should encourage people to walk and
cycle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..……
Translate into English:
. ‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻮه ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت و اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬-١
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
.‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﻮض ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻔﻞ وﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻮاھﺒﮫ ﻟﻜﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮫ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺑﺪاع‬-٢
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1- Unfortunately, in the last fifty years many animals have become extinct. Now,
some animals are protected and hunting them has been banned. In this way, we may
be able to preserve wildlife.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2- The issue of education reform is one of the most serious issues facing the Egyptian
society as scientific research is one of the pillars of national security.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺪن ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﺣﻼ ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‬-١
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
.‫ﯾﻤﻮت آﻻف اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻋﺎت واﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﺤﺮوب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ‬-٢
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1- Psychologists think that the rising rate of unemployment leads in turn to the
spread of violence , terrorism and crime in our society.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2-The Egyptian healthcare system faces multiple challenges in improving the health
and well-being of the Egyptian people and protecting them from sicknesses.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………

٣٦
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬-١
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

.‫ ﺗﺒﺬل اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻊ دول ﺣﻮض اﻟﻨﯿﻞ‬-٢
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Words and Expressions important for Translation &

comprehension passages
be equipped with ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺰوﯾﺪه أو‬ acquire sufficient ‫ﯾﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰه ﺑـ‬ knowledge ‫ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬
get acquainted with ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ‬ a peace-loving country ‫دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺤﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼم‬
at an incredible rate ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ھﺎﺋﻞ )ﻻ‬ heavenly bodies ‫اﻷﺟﺮام‬
(‫ُﯾﺼﺪق‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﯾﺔ‬
look with wonder ‫ﯾﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬ result in / ‫ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻲ‬
‫ﯾﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻨﮫ‬
result from ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ‬ illegal immigration ‫اﻟﮭﺠﺮة ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬
avoid dangers ‫ﯾﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ traffic rules ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺮور‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎطﺮ‬
the control of nature ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬ partially ‫ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬
chemical wastes ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎﯾﺎت‬ educational system ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ‬
the most modern ‫أﺣﺪث اﻟﻄﺮق‬ update ‫ُﯾﺤﺪث‬
methods
strengthen the body ‫ﯾﻘﻮي اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ aggressive ‫ﻋﺪواﻧﻰ‬
fundamental / main/basic ‫رﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ face hardships ‫ﯾﻮاﺟﮫ‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬
Impact/ influence ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ encourage creativity ‫ﯾﺸﺠﻊ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر‬
Focus/ concentrate on ‫ﯾﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ major ‫رﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬
rejection of violence ‫ﻧﺒﺬ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ‬ information technology ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
locally and ‫ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ و ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎ‬ heart transplant ‫زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
internationally
remarkable progress ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬ actions and reactions ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل وردود‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
Write an essay of about 180 words about : (The importance of reading )

4 Skills – Mr.Gawad Elshafey

Translate into Arabic:
1-People in third-world countries are highly affected by the degradation of our planet
and unhealthy practices cause illnesses and sometimes death.
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the
demands of people in a certain region.

٣٧
 …………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﮭﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ وﺗﺰوﯾﺪھﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ‬-١
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
‫ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم و اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﯿﺎل ﻋﻦ اﻷرض‬-٢
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into Arabic:
1- Education aims at preparing a generation of scientists, writers and engineers who
can enlighten and lead the world.
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-Practising activities at school is of great importance , so teachers should encourage
their students to participate effectively in school activities.
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫رﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺠﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋﻼج ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬-١
‫ إن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء ﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ ﺿﻐﻮط اﻟﻌﻤﻞ و اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬-٢
Translate into Arabic:
1-The main source of noise pollution is from transportation. In urban areas, automobiles
and motorcycles can cause sleep disruption, hearing loss and heart diseases.
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-We should educate children at an early age about the importance of hygiene and
sanitation to live in a healthy environment .
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translate into English:
.‫اﺧﺘﺮع اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺟﮭﺎزا ﺟﺪﯾﺪا ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮫ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻻزل ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪوﺛﮭﺎ وھﺬا ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ طﻔﺮة ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺜﯿﻞ ﻟﮭﺎ‬-١
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻛﻞ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-٢
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Words and Expressions important for Translation & comprehension

passages
labour market ‫ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ severe competition ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺷﺪﯾﺪة‬
heavy burdens ‫أﻋﺒﺎء ﺛﻘﯿﻠﺔ‬ collapse ‫ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر‬/ ‫ﯾﻨﮭﺎر‬
improvement ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻦ‬ evidence ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬
heavy rain ‫أﻣﻄﺎر ﻏﺰﯾﺮة‬ heavy smoker ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻦ ﺑﺸﺮاھﺔ‬
heavy industry ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ heavy traffic ‫ازدﺣﺎم اﻟﻤﺮور‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ‬
deadly weapons ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﺘﺎﻛﺔ‬ become extinct ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺿﺎ‬
instincts ‫ﻏﺮاﺋﺰ‬ substances ‫ﻣﻮاد‬
regulate ‫ﯾﻨﻈﻢ‬ think positively ‫ﯾﻔﻜﺮ اﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺎ‬
tornado ‫اﻹﻋﺼﺎر‬ volcanoes ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻛﯿﻦ‬
hurricanes ‫اﻷﻋﺎﺻﯿﺮ‬ electrical storm ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬
thunderstorm ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻔﺔ رﻋﺪﯾﺔ‬ starvation ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬
famines ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺎت‬ results ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
energy reserves ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎطﯿﺎت‬ energy consumption ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
energy requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ improve the ‫ُﯾﺤﺴﻦ‬

٣٨
 ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ economy ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬
contribute effectively ‫ﯾﺴﮭﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ insist on ‫ﯾﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
to+ ing ‫ﻓﻌﺎل ﻗﻲ‬
share / ‫ﻧﺼﯿﺐ‬ the Nile Basin ‫دول ﺣﻮض‬
‫ﯾﺸﺎرك‬/‫ﺣﺼﺔ‬ countries ‫اﻟﻨﯿﻞ‬

Write an essay of about 180 words about : (The pros and cons of modern technology )

Skills – Mr.Gawad Elshafey

1) Translate into Arabic:
1-Tourism represents Egypt’s biggest source of hard currency. The number of
tourists visiting Egypt is expected to reach 11 million by the end of this year.
2- We should honour great writers and thinkers , especially those who have
published distinguished works.
Translate into English:
.‫إن ﺣﺮق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد و إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ﯾﺴﺒﺒﺎن ﺗﻐﯿﺮا ﻣﻨﺎﺧﯿﺎ ﺧﻄﯿﺮا ﻗﺪ ﯾﺆدى اﻟﻰ ھﻼك اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬-١
. ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ أﺳﮭﻞ إﻻ إﻧﻨﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬-٢
.
2) Translate into Arabic:
1-People around the world are affected by natural hazards. These may be caused by
climate (e.g. drought, flood) or the environment (e.g. pollution, deforestation,
desertification).
2-According to economists, the Suez Canal Axis Development Project is one of the
most significant and important projects to be implemented in Egypt in recent years.
Translate into English:
.‫إن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮة و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﺗﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-١
‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻧﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺮﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﮭﻼك اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬-٢
3) Translate into Arabic:
1-The demand for water has increased over the years and this has led to water
scarcity in many parts of the world. The situation is aggravated by the problem of
water contamination.
Translate into English:
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪون أن اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ وظﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﮭﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن‬-١
.‫ﻧﻌﺪ أطﻔﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺟﯿﺪا ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.‫إن اﻷﻣﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة وﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﻧﺒﺬل ﺟﮭﻮدا ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬-٢
by all means ‫ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ by peaceful means ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
solar system ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ spacecrafts ‫ﺳﻔﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
food shortage ‫ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻐﺬاء‬ an international ‫ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ دوﻟﻲ‬
conference
mistreat ‫ﯾﺴﻲء ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ cultivation ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
consequences ‫ ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ‬/ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ floods and droughts ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎﻧﺎت و‬
‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
a growing interest in ‫اھﺘﻤﺎم ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ‬ potentials ‫ﻗﺪرات‬

٣٩
 ‫ﺑـ‬
fertilizers ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺪة‬ special skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
eradicate = eliminate ‫ ﯾﺰﯾﻞ‬/ ‫ﯾﻤﺤﻮ‬ illiteracy ‫اﻷﻣﯿﺔ‬
maintain / ‫ﯾﺼﻮن‬ hygiene ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬
sanitation ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ spread of infections ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻌﺪوى‬
make people aware of ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس‬ psychological ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ وﻋﻲ ﺑـ‬
genetically modified ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﺪل‬ evidence ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬
food ‫وراﺛﯿﺎ‬
victory ‫ﻧﺼﺮ‬ poisonous chemicals ‫ﻛﯿﻤﺎوﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
the mass media ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم‬ vital role ‫دور ﺣﯿﻮي‬
industry and ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ و‬ terrorist acts ‫أﻋﻤﺎل إرھﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬
agriculture ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
the national income ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬ the main source of ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟـ‬
sound depressing ‫ﺗﺒﺪو ﻛﺌﯿﺒﺔ‬ entirely ‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬/ ‫ُﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬
confront = face ‫ ﯾﺠﺎﺑﮫ‬/ ‫ﯾﻮاﺟﮫ‬ challenges of modern ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬
life ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬
farmland ‫اﻷرض‬ future generations ‫أﺟﯿﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
natural resources ‫اﻟﻤﻮارد‬ distance learning ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬
widespread ‫واﺳﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ be greatly interested ‫ﯾﮭﺘﻢ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬
in ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﺑـ‬
children with special ‫اﻷطﻔﺎل ذوي‬ household ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬
needs ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
enormous amounts ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺎت ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ for different ‫ﻟﻸﻏﺮاض‬
purposes ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
hard efforts ‫ﺟﮭﻮد ﻣﻀﻨﯿﺔ‬ hard currency ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
reveal = disclose ‫ﯾﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ‬ on a large scale ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ‬
equal opportunities ‫ﻓﺮص ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ national project ‫ﻣﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻗﻮﻣﻲ‬
traffic congestion ‫ﺗﻜﺪس اﻟﻤﺮور‬ road accidents ‫ﺣﻮادث‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬
expenditure ‫اﻹﻧﻔﺎق‬ expenses ‫ﻣﺼﺮوﻓﺎت‬
minimize ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ إﻟﻲ أدﻧﻲ‬ maximize ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ إﻟﻲ أﻗﺼﻲ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
raise the standard of ‫ﯾﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي‬ the high cost of ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬
living ‫اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬ living ‫اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬
impose taxes ‫ﯾﻔﺮض‬ Seize the opportunity ‫ﯾﻨﺘﮭﺰ‬
‫ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬
reduce consumption ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬ textbooks ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ‬
appetite ‫اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺔ‬ obesity ‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻧﺔ‬
enrich ‫ُﯾﺜﺮي‬ bear responsibility for ‫ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
valuable information ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ possessions ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
٤٠
combat terrorism ‫ﯾﺤﺎرب‬ combat corruption ‫ﯾﺤﺎرب‬
‫اﻹرھﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‬
inflation ‫اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ‬ unemployment ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
independence ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬ self-confidence ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
revival / ‫إﺣﯿﺎء‬ marvelous ‫راﺋﻊ‬
‫ﻧﮭﻀﺔ‬
destroy = ruin ‫ُﯾﺪﻣﺮ‬ does (its) best ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﻌﮭﺎ‬
provide job ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮص‬ thanks to ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬
opportunities ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
a golden rule ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ذھﺒﯿﺔ‬ bringing up children ‫ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻷطﻔﺎل‬
a favourite hobby ‫ھﻮاﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ a complex process ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬
a remarkable effect ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬ over the ages ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬
‫أو ﺑﺎرز‬
over the centuries ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮ‬ means of transport ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
flyovers ‫ﻛﺒﺎري ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬ construct = build ‫ ﯾﺒﻨﻲ‬/ ‫ﯾﺸﯿﺪ‬
state ‫ُﯾﺼﺮح‬ a source of pride ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺨﺮ‬
teamwork ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ strengthen ties ‫ﯾﻘﻮي‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬
enhance ‫ﯾﻌﺰز‬ satisfy needs ‫ﯾﻠﺒﻲ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬
disabled children ‫اﻷطﻔﺎل‬ gifted children ‫اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﻮھﻮﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﯿﻦ‬
constructive dialogue ‫ﺣﻮار ﺑﻨـﺎء‬ constructive criticism ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
4) Translate into Arabic:
1-Notwithstanding the debt we owe to trees, the forested area of the earth is steadily
diminishing. This is leading to the degradation of the environment and the extinction
of many species.

2-There is now a real danger that in the near future man will destroy a large
proportion of the present population of species on earth, create an unfit environment
to live in, and then die out himself.

Translate into English:

.‫ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﮫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬-١
.‫ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻧﺒﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪﻧﺎ ﻻﺟﺘﺬاب اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ و اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﯿﺎح ﺑﮭﺪف زﯾﺎدة دﺧﻠﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬-٢
5) Translate into Arabic:
1-The effects of global warming are a set of environmental results, in addition to any
normal changes in climate. That is why the effects of global warming have
catastrophic consequences.

2-Egypt is digging a new canal, parallel to the existing one, to maximize benefit from
the present Canal, to facilitate traffic in the two directions and minimize the waiting
time for transiting ships.
Translate into English:
.‫ﺗﺒﺬل اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﮭﻮدا ﻣﻀﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ و اﻹﺳﻜﺎن واﻟﺰﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬-١
.‫رﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺐ إﻟﻲ ﻋﻼج ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﺮطﺎن‬-٢

٤١
 6) Translate into Arabic:
1-Biofuels are generally produced from plants. Biofuels are cheaper than fossil fuels.
When biofuels are burnt, the amount of carbon dioxide they release is much less than
that released by conventional fuels.

2-Research has proved that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to
develop some types of cancer.
Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ أن ﻧﺴﺎھﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻋﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﻦ أﺑﺴﻄﮭﺎ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬-١
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أطﻔﺎﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ و ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬-٢

7) Translate into Arabic:

1-The government should show due interest in setting up giant projects. This will
increase the national income. It will also solve a lot of our economic problems. Such
projects will help young people to find more and more job opportunities.

2-Poor soil and diminishing water supplies are contributing to famines throughout
the world.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ اﻟﻤﺎء أﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻼ ُﺗﻔﺴﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﻮﯾﺚ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﻨﯿﻞ‬-١
.‫ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺎ أن اﻟﺸﯿﻜﻮﻻﺗﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ‬-٢

8) Translate into Arabic:

1-Sports reinforce values important to society like honest competition and teamwork.
'There is no I in TEAM' is a good sports saying. It teaches us that success is achieved
by putting the group above individual glory.
2-Global warming means a gradual increase in the earth's temperatures caused by
polluting gases such as carbon dioxide.

B) Translate into English:

.‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬-١
.‫ ﻗﺮاءة اﻷدب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ُﺗﺜﺮي ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺮء وﺗﺠﻌﻠﮫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺴﺎﻣﺤﺎ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬-٢
9) Translate into Arabic:
1-Life in areas with little or no water is very difficult. Any rain that falls must be
stored for times when there is no water. In fact, people have to recycle water.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﻣﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل وﺗﺸﺮﯾﺪ اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬-١
.‫ ﻟﻮﻻ اﻟﻤﺎء و اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻟﮭﻠﻜﺖ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬-٢
10) Translate into Arabic:
1-Many people think that growing plants in water could help to solve the world's food
problems. As cities become larger, there is less land for agriculture. Countries with little
land for growing crops could produce more of their food without soil.

2-Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we
breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air.
Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮﺑﺔ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-١
.‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف وﻧﺪرة اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻲ ﻣﻮت آﻻف اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬-٢
11) Translate into Arabic:
٤٢
1-Groundwater is very important for the existence of human society. Millions of
people living in rural and urban areas use groundwater for drinking, cooking,
cleaning, showering and all other types of activities.

2-Most nuclear reactors are used to make electricity. Nuclear reactors are very
expensive to build because of the many safety precautions they need to have.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬-١
.‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻓﯿﮫ أن ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻮاﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ وﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬-٢
12) Translate into Arabic:
1-Many of us are very worried about the future of our planet and unless we can find a
way of solving the problems we have made, then the environment will suffer even
more.
2- More than 30 million children and adults in Africa face a devastating hunger
crisis. Little rainfall, crop failures and skyrocketing food prices have made it hard for
parents to provide nutritious food for their children.
B) Translate into English:
.‫إن اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺼﺒﺢ واﺳﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬-١
.‫إذا ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻮازن اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬-٢

13) Translate into Arabic:

1-Our drinking water today, far from being pure, contains some two hundred deadly
chemicals. Add to that bacteria, viruses, inorganic minerals and you have a chemical
cocktail that is unsuitable for human consumption.
2-We urgently need to save the Environment. Every second, the Earth is getting
polluted by poisonous gases and fumes emitted by cars and factories.
B) Translate into English:
.‫إن ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺧﺎء اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬-١
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أن ﻧﺤﺎول ﺗﺮﺷﯿﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل و أﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-٢
14) Translate into Arabic:
1-To me, freedom means feeling safe, confident and secure in my country. Freedom
is being able to have a voice and to let it be heard.
2-Freedom means having the right to make my own decisions and choices. Freedom
is only possible because of the men and women who have and still are sacrificing and
dying for it.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻲ وﻓﺎة ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷطﻔﺎل‬-١
.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺼﺎدرات وﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻮاردات‬-٢
15) Translate into Arabic:
- Our current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century. In
order to survive the energy crisis, many companies in the energy industry are
inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable sources.

Translate into English:

.‫إن اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮھﻮﺑﯿﻦ وﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﺪراﺗﮭﻢ ھﻮ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺣﻀﺎري ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‬-١
.‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء واﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬-٢
16) Translate into Arabic:
1-There are many animals and plants whose survival is threatened There are many
reasons they might be endangered, including human exploitation of their habitats.

٤٣
 2- Thousands of workers were used to dig the Suez Canal. The main purpose of the
canal was to enable ships to travel more quickly between the Indian Ocean and the
Mediterranean Sea.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬-١
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺄھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬-٢
17) Translate into Arabic:
1-Pollution can be defined as the human alteration of chemical or physical
characteristics of the environment to a degree that is harmful to living organisms.

2-It is our responsibility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of

our country. Folk music is certainly part of our cultural identity.
B. Translate into English:
‫ وﻛﺎﻻت اﻻﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻟﻀﺤﺎﯾﺎ اﻷوﺑﺌﺔ واﻟﺰﻻزل‬-١
.‫ اﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺳﻮف ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮا ﺧﻄﯿﺮا ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻮازن اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬-٢
18) Translate into Arabic:
The widespread use of mobile phones, cheaper air travel, the appearance of the
internet and social networking sites have changed the way we think, work and live.
2-Travel and experiences of other cultures can open people's eyes to different ways of
life and make them more tolerant of other people.
B. Translate into English:
‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ آﺛﺎرﻧـﺎ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ واﺟﺐ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﻷﻧﮭــﺎ ﻛﻨـﻮز ﻻ ُﺗﻘﺪر ﺑﺜﻤﻦ‬-١
.‫ ﻓﺈن ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﺨﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ‬-٢
19) Translate into Arabic:
Without plants and animals, it will be impossible for us to survive on this planet. We
are dependent on these plant and animal species for everything - including the basics
such as oxygen and food.
2-Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make new paper. Fortunately, the
type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly.
B. Translate into English:
.‫ ﻣﺎزال ﻣﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻼج اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﮭﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ‬-١
.‫ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﺳﻼح ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ وﻟﺬ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﻜﻤﺔ وﺣﺬر‬-٢
20) Translate into Arabic:
1-The memory of the human brain is an incredible phenomenon. Just think what you
would accomplish without your memory! Well, you probably wouldn't be able to
remember the question long enough to answer it. That is how crucial memory is to
our lives.
2-It is important for sick people to have access to the latest drugs available to
help them recover from the diseases they suffer from.

B. Translate into English:

.‫ﯾﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺤﻔﺮي ﯾﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬-١
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أﯾﻀﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬، ‫ﻧﮭﺮ اﻟﻨﯿﻞ ﯾﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬-٢
.‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﺔ‬
21) Translate into Arabic:
1-Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really much more
sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers have concluded that there is a
great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally believed.
2-Some of the most important aims of education are to build up an Egyptian citizen
who is able to face the future and to create a productive society.

٤٤
 B) Translate into English:
.‫ُﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﻄﯿﺮا ﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ و اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺒﺐ أﺿﺮار ﻟﻠﻤﺦ و اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬-١
.‫ اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎﻧﺎت ظﻮاھﺮ طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻲ ﻛﻮارث ﺗﺴﺒﺐ دﻣﺎرا ھﺎﺋﻼ‬-٢

22) Translate into Arabic:

1-Unemployment is a serious problem and its main cause is overpopulation. To solve
this problem, we should encourage young people to go to the desert and reclaim it.
New cities can also be built to provide more job opportunities.
2-Great achievements have been made in Egypt to move population from narrow
inhabited areas to new wider expanses.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺒﺬل اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻧﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬-١
‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﻧﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت و اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ وإﻻ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﺳﻮف‬-٢
.‫ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬
23) Translate into Arabic:
1-Sport plays a very important role in forming man’s character. It keeps us healthy
and teaches us patience, co-operation and self-confidence. Therefore, we should
provide public sports centres for people of all ages.
2- Desertification is becoming a major problem as more and more of the world's land
surface is turned into desert. The new deserts which are being created are not
necessarily hot, dry sandy places, but are any areas where the soil has been so
mistreated by humans that it is now useless for growing crops.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﻷداء اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬-١
.‫ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﺪل وراﺛﯿﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬-٢
24) Translate into Arabic:
1-Excessive noise can cause deafness. It may also affect the brain and the stomach and
cut down the blood supply to the heart. . In fact, noise is one of the most dangerous
problems nowadays.
2-Cutting down forests and trees, over-cultivation of the soil and over-grazing can all
contribute to desertification.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-١
‫ إن ھﻨﺎك اﻵن دﻟﯿﻼ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻄﺮق إﻟﯿﮫ اﻟﺸﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ أن وﺟﻮد ﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ و اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬-٢
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوﯾﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ و اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
25) Translate into Arabic:
1-The United Nations is an international organization that tries to find peaceful
solutions to world problems. All world countries must cooperate with this
organization so that peace can prevail in the world.

2-Maintaining personal hygiene is necessary for many reasons; these can be

personal, social, for health reasons, psychological or simply as a way of life.

B) Translate into English:

.‫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ دوﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮاري وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﮭﺎ‬-١
.‫ ﺑﺪون اﻟﻀﻮء و اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ھﻨﺎك ﺣﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻷرض‬-٢
26) Translate into Arabic:

٤٥
1-Efforts to improve the standard of living for humans through the control of nature
and the development of new products have also resulted in environmental pollution.
The world's air, water and land are now partially poisoned by chemical wastes.
2- Almost every day we seem to hear of yet another problem affecting the
environment - and what a list of problems! - pollution, acid rains, climate change, the
destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats, the extinction of thousands of
species of animals and plants....and so on.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﺿﺮوري ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬-١
.‫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﻧﻘﻨﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺎﻟﺪم ﻷن ھﺬا ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ إﻧﻘﺎذ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬-٢
27) Translate into Arabic:
1-Communications satellites can transmit radio and TV programmes at great distances.
Egypt’s satellite, Nile Sat 101, serves the whole of the Arab world. Egypt is planning to
launch more satellites in the future.

2-Much of our household rubbish is made up of glass, metal, plastic and paper. Our
natural resources such as trees, oil, coal and aluminum are used up in enormous
amounts to make these products and the resources will one day be completely used up.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﺗﺸﺎرك اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬-١
.‫ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﯾﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ و ﻧﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل إﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬-٢

28) Translate into Arabic:

1-Peace gives us a golden chance to carry out useful projects. It saves the money
spent on wars and destructive weapons. In peace, this money can be used for
building new factories, improving health care and solving many problems.

2-Rainforests are valuable habitats. About half of all the species of animals and
plants in the world live in rainforests with a possible 50,000 species a year becoming
extinct.
B) Translate into English:
. ‫ ﺗﺸﺎرك ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬-١
.‫ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬، ‫ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ووﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬-٢
29) Translate into Arabic:
1-Scientists have tied global warming to wildfires, droughts and heat waves, and the
phenomenon is believed to make hurricanes stronger as it begins to destroy the
balance of the ecosystem in our oceans.
2-Thousands of rainforest plants contain substances that can be used in medicines.
Rainforests are also important because they provide us with oxygen and help to
regulate the world's climate and atmosphere.

Translate into English:

.‫ ُﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮات دوﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ إﻟﻲ آﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬-١
.‫ ﺗﺒﺬل اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ورﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬-٢
30) Translate into Arabic:
1-There is now indisputable evidence that the existence of all humans and animals is
in great danger because of using many poisonous chemicals in farming and industry.

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2-Human activities play a role in the frequency and severity of natural disasters. A
natural disaster is a disruption in the balance of the environment.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ اﻟﺰﻟﺰال ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ دﻣﺎرا ھﺎﺋﻼ وﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﮫ‬-١
.‫اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺿﺮوري ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮاض‬-٢
31) Translate into Arabic:
1-Climate change is no longer just an environmental issue. It is a looming
humanitarian catastrophe, threatening ultimately our survival on this planet.

2-There is no doubt that understanding the causes of natural disasters can help us to
prevent them or at least alleviate their repercussions.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ إﺟﺮاءات ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻛﻞ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-١
.‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم دورا ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬-٢

32) Translate into Arabic:

1-Global warming will cause the ice at the Arctic and the Antarctic to melt. If this
continues, sea levels will rise and some parts of the world will be flooded, making
many people homeless.

2-Droughts have more widespread effects than any other natural disaster.
Undoubtedly, droughts have greater impacts in modern times. More people are
affected by loss of land and food crops as well as environmental damage.
B) Translate into English:
.‫إن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷرض ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺠﺎح ﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺬﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﻮد ﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬-١
.‫إن اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت و اﻻﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻗﺪ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﺮات ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬-٢

33) Translate into Arabic:

1-Egyptians are proud of Dr. Magdi Yacoub. Thanks to his high qualifications, he
has become the pioneer of heart transplant operations. Though he is in his 70s, he's
still making great efforts for the sake of children with heart problems.

2-Tropical rainforests are of particular significance; although they now occupy less
than six per cent of the land surface of the earth, they sustain more than half of the
biological species on the planet.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ‬-١
.‫ إن ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺎق ھﻤﺎ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﮫ‬-٢
34) Translate into Arabic:
1-Satellite technology offers the opportunity, as never before, for continuous
television coverage of major international events. Satellite communication is widely
used nowadays. Some countries use spy satellites to collect information about other
countries.

2-With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body
consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evident that water is one of the prime elements
responsible for life on earth.

B) Translate into English:

.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻋﺪت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ طﻤﻮﺣـﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ورﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬-١

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 .‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﺮا ھﺎﺋﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬-٢
35) Translate into Arabic:
1-The problem of over-population has occupied the minds of economists. They believe
that the world will face starvation if people go on increasing in number the same way
they do now. Moreover, progress in the medical field has reduced death rate.

2-Lifelong learning has become a necessity in the era of globalization. We live in the
Knowledge Age, which means that the ability to apply the right knowledge effectively
is an important skill and the cornerstone of our success.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺎول ﻣﺼﺮ زﯾﺎدة اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ وﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬-١
.‫ إن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ أﺛﺮ اﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﻧﺸﺎطﮫ اﻟﺬھﻨﻲ‬-٢
36) Translate into Arabic:
1-Much more care has been recently given to public libraries. Children are
encouraged to widen their scope of knowledge by reading. People can borrow
various kinds of books on science, literature, art and religion.

2-The need for lifelong learning has been recognized since ancient times but it wasn’t
until the 20th century that serious and effective methods were employed on a large
scale to provide adult education opportunities.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﺮاء اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ وھﺬا ﺳﻮف ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬-١
.‫ إن ﻟﺪي ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺴﺘﻐﻠﮭﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬-٣

37) Translate into Arabic:

1-Man should exert efforts to put an end to wars. Otherwise, all discoveries and
inventions will turn to weapons of destruction. Our civilization must be preserved
and human discoveries must bring happiness to mankind.

2-Egypt needs a powerful and reliable energy system to support its long-term,
sustainable economic development.

B) Translate into English:

ُ ‫ ُﯾﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬-١
.‫وﺗﺸﺎرك ﻓﯿﮫ دول ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
.‫ ُﺗﺴﮭﻢ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳـﻂ‬-٢
38) Translate into Arabic:
1-The rights and the position of women have been gradually improving and
nowadays the role of women in society is equal to that of men.
2-At the medical level, technology can help treat more sick people and consequently
save many lives and combat very harmful viruses and bacteria.
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن ﯾﻨﻀﺐ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺬا ﯾﻮاﺻﻠﻮن ﺑﺤﺜﮭﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ وآﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬-١
.‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ أن اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ اﻹﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﯾﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺛﻘﺔً ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ وﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫ ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ‬-٢

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