FURTHER DETAILS REGARDING MAIN TOPICS OF

PROGRAMME NO. 05/2016 (Item No. 2)

LECTURER IN AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING (POLYTECHNICS)

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(CATEGORY No. 427/2012)

Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

Salient Features of Indian Constitution

Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the
interpretation of the Constitution.
Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.
Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other
Constitutional Authorities.
Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.
Services under the Union and the States.
Emergency Provisions.
Amendment Provisions of the Constitution.

Social Welfare Legislations and Programmes

Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities
against
Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare
Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.

RENAISSANCE IN KERALA

Towards A New Society

Introduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their
functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.

Efforts To Reform The Society

(A) Socio-Religious reform Movements

SNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana
Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma
Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.

(B) Struggles and Social Revolts

Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor
Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry
Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.
Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.
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Role Of Press In Renaissance
Malayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala
Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-
Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etc

Awakening Through Literature

Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam,
Library movement etc

Women And Social Change

Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha
Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and others

Leaders Of Renaissance
Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal,
Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr
Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan,
Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T
Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias
Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C.
Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor
Neelakantan Namboothiripad,
Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai,
A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C
Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and others

Literary Figures
Kodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran,
Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S
Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon,
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam
Varky, S K Pottakkad and others

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS

General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Part II (a): Technical Mathematics

I. Matrices – Identification of Matrices, matrix operations, adjoint and inverse.

II. Determinants – Evaluation of second and third order, minors and cofactors,
solutions of simultaneous linear equation in three unknown using Cramer’s
rule.

III. Binomial Series – Expansions using Binomial theorem.

IV. Trigonometric functions – Signs of functions in each quadrant. Trigonometric

values of angles, properties of trigonometric functions, applications of the
identities sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B).

V. Coordinate geometry – Equations to a straight line – slope-intercept form,

intercept form, Angle between two lines, condition for two lines to be
perpendicular, parallel.
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 VI. Differentiation – Limits and continuity, derivatives of functions, equation to
tangents and normals. Maxima and minima of functions of one variable.

VII. Integration of functions – Integration of different types of functions.

VIII. Applications of integration – Area bounded by a curve and X or Y axis,

solutions of differential equations using the method of variable separable,
solutions of linear differential equations of first order.

Part II (b): Basic Civil Engineering

Materials: Brick – varieties and strength, characteristics of good brick. Cement –

varieties and grade of cement and its uses. Steel – types of steel for reinforcement
bars, steel structural sections. Aggregates – types & requirements of good aggregates.
Concrete – grades of concrete as per IS code, water cement ratio. Workability,
mixing, batching, compaction and curing.

Construction: Parts of building – foundation – types of foundations – spread

footing, isolated footing, combined footing, Raft, pile and well foundations. Masonry
– types rubble masonry, brick masonry, English bond and Flemish bond. (One brick
wall).

Surveying: Chain surveying – principles, instruments, ranging, and chaining survey

lines, field work and field book, selection of survey stations, units of land area.

Levelling: Levelling instruments, different types, bench mark, reduced level of

points, booking of field notes, reduction of levels by height of collimation method
(simple problem). Modern survey – instruments – Total station, Electronics
theodolite, Distomat.

Part II (c): Basic Mechanical Engineering

The importance of IC Engines: Definition, classification – two stroke engines,

four stroke engines, working of two stroke engines and four stroke engines with the
help of line sketches, comparison between two stroke and four stroke engines,
comparison between petrol and diesel engines, function of fly wheel, clutch, gearbox,
propeller shaft and differential in power transmission, explain with sketch the working
of differential, briefly explain power transmission of 4 wheel vehicle with line
diagram.

The importance of Power Plants: Introduction, classification of power plants –

working of hydroelectric power plant with schematic sketches – working of thermal
(Steam and Diesel) power plant with schematic sketches – working of nuclear power
plant with schematic sketches.

Part II (d): Basic Electrical Engineering

Review with discussion of electric current, potential difference, power, EMF,

resistance and its laws, Ohms law and series parallel circuit, electromagnetism,
generation of AC and DC supply.

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Idea of Basic electrical circuit: Electrical supply and load and its functioning,
division of voltage and current in a parallel and series circuit – simple problems, units
of power and energy, solution of DC circuit with calculation of energy consumption
in an installation.

Circuit parameters: Resistance, Capacitance and inductance. AC circuit with R, L,

C. Simple solution of typical AC circuit with resistance, impedance, power and power
factor.

Electrical circuit of an installation: Earthing, lightning protection.

Part II (e): Basic Electronics Engineering

Active and passive devices – review only. LED – working, applications, comparison
of LED lighting and CFL lighting. Full wave rectifier – diagram and explanation, 5 V
power supply – with bridge rectifier and 7805. SMPS – block diagram and
advantages. Integrated circuits. SMDs – advantages. Static electricity – precautions in
handling electronic circuits.

Switches: ON / OFF, push to ON, push to OFF, push to ON / OFF, SPST, SPDT,
DPDT. Working and application of limit switches, proximity switches, relays.

Microcontrollers: Simple block diagram of 8 bit microcontrollers – application.

Mobile technology: CDMA and GSM. Compare – 2G and 3G technologies.

Inverter & UPS: Block diagram. Compare – inverter and UPS. Online and off line
UPS – differentiate. Battery selection for UPS and inverter.

E-waste: Health hazards of e-waste.

Part III

Module I: Automobile Power Plant

Constructional Details of I. C. Engines: Cylinder block – Single cylinder and

multi-cylinder, materials, Water jackets – cooling fins, cylinder liners – wet type and
dry type – materials. Cylinder head – Materials, method of fixing the cylinder block,
cylinder head gasket, combustion chamber of petrol engines – expansion chambers
Pistons – Trunk type pistons, composite pistons – piston materials expansion control
in pistons – methods and types of piston, Piston rings – Materials, method of
manufacture, types of rings – compression ring, oil ring and special purpose ring.
Gudgeon pin – Types of fastening, material used Connecting rod – Function,
materials used big end and small end bearings Crank shaft – different shapes, different
crank shaft arrangements Main bearings, Fly wheel functions Types of valves –
Poppet, reed valve and disc valve, sodium vapour cooled valves, hydraulic tappet and
free valve rotators Classification of engine according to valve arrangement 1-Head, L-
Head, T-Head and F-Head engines - Valve operating mechanisms – side cam shaft
and over head cam shaft - Inlet and exhaust valve materials, valve timing diagram
Cam shaft – functions and drives, cam shaft bearings.

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Fuel Systems in Engines ---- Petrol: Different fuel feed systems, A. C.
mechanical pump, S U Electrical pump, petrol Filters and air Cleaners, Carburettors,
Simple carburettors – parts, principle of working, compensation, mixture strength
requirement, modern carburettors, float system, idle and slow speed system, high
speed system, Acceleration pump and choke system. Other commercial carburettors,
Su, Solex and Solex – Mikuni carburettor. Exhaust system – Manifolds, silencer
types, tail pipes etc.
Diesel: Various components in Diesel fuel system – types of fuel injection – air
injection and mechanical injection, common rail and unit injection system. Types of
combustion chamber in Diesel engines – open, turbulent and pre-combustion chamber
etc. Fuel injection – single cylinder and multi cylinder. Distributor type pump, rotary
type pumps, Fuel feed pump and hand priming, diesel fuel filters. Governors –
purpose, types – mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic governors, Fuel injectors –
single hole, multi hole, pintle and pintox type.

Lubrication and cooling system: Lubrication system : Properties of lubricating

oil, different ratings of lubricating oil, types of engine lubrication – wet and dry sump
lubrication, splash and pressure feed systems. Oil pumps – gear type, Vane type,
plunger type and lobe type, pressure relief valve, oil pressure indicator Oil coolers, oil
filters, oil seals, Crank case ventilation – dilution Cooling system : - air and water
cooling, thermo-siphon and pump circulation system over cooling, under cooling and
optimum cooling – thermostat radiators – types, pressure cap, types of coolants,
pump, antifreeze solution, cooling fan – types.

Module II : Autoelectrical systems and equipments

Battery: Introduction, Types of battery. Brief description of lead acid and alkaline
cell, Constructional details of lead acid cell, nickel alkaline cell, Active materials of
lead acid cell, Chemical action of lead acid cell, Rating of Battery, Capacity of
Battery – ampere hour and watt hour, Efficiency Battery – ampere hour and watt hour,
Effect of discharge rate on voltage and capacity, Effect of temperature on voltage and
capacity, Battery charging, Constant voltage, Constant current. Defects – Effect of
overheating, Effect of overcharging, dislocation of active material, sulphation,
Internal short circuits, Corrosion / sulphation of terminals. Testing of battery –
Polarity test, State of charge, Specific gravity test by hydrometer, high rate discharge
test by cell tester, Cadmium test, Lamp test Care and maintenance of battery –
Topping up of Battery & other maintenance schedule, Storage of lead acid battery (in
dry & wet condition), Maintenance free battery.

Generator and Alternator: Constructional details of automobile dynamo – special

features of automobile dynamo, constructional details of alternator – special features
of automobile alternator, charging system – Introduction – necessity, Types of
regulators – circuit diagram, Cut out, Voltage regulator, current regulator – 3 stage,
Electronic voltage regulator in alternators, Starter motor & its drive mechanism,
Introduction, Starting of I. C. Engine (Petrol & Diesel) – motor characteristics, Terms
like Engine torque – motor torque – cranking speed – motor locked torque etc, starter
switch, starter motor – constructional features – special features of automobile
starters, Starter Motor Drives, Necessity, Types of starter motor drives – mechanisms
of – Bendix drive (inboard & outboard), Over running Clutch, Axial starter (sliding
armature), Pre-engaged type

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Spark Ignition System: Introduction, Types of ignition system – coil & magneto
– study of coil ignition, Component study of ignition system – ignition coil, Contact
breaker points, Cam angle, condenser, distributor, Spark plug – types, Spark plug
specifications, Spark advance & retard mechanism (centrifugal & vacuum), Magneto
ignition system – Low tension & high tension, Rotating armature & rotating magnet
type, Polar inductor type C. D. ignition system, Electronic ignition systems, Magnetic
pickup type & hall effect sensor type, Transistorized ignition, computer controlled
ignition, Distributor-less ignition system.

Lighting system & other electrical accessories: Head light – Reflectors,

lenses, Bulbs (constructional features), Dazzle and its avoidance, Focusing of head
lamps, Automatic dim & bright circuit, other lights – parking light, side lamp, tail
lamp, roof lamp, fog lamp, brake light, dash board light, Types of bulbs – vacuum,
gas filled, halogen. Introduction, Electrical fuel pump, electric horn, wind screen
wiper – types, constructional features, working, Traffic Indicator – Electrical &
Electronic, gauges like, fuel level indicator, oil pressure gauge, temperature gauge,
Electrically operated – power window, solenoid operated fuel cut off, wind shield
washer, constructional features & working, electronically operated central locking
system.

Module III : Automobile Chassis

Chassis: Introduction, constructional details, types of frame, frame for two wheeler,
three wheelers and four wheeler, frame sections, bumpers, sub frames, materials used,
testing of chassis – Front Axle – Introduction, types – dead & live axle, construction –
material – cross section – checking the alignment of front axle, stub axle – different
arrangements.

Suspension Systems: Types of front suspension for two, three and four wheeler,
air suspension, hydro-elastic suspension, rear suspension system. Types –
Introduction to springs and shock absorbing devices, Types leaf coil, springs & their
arrangements, Helper spring, spring shackle – shackle pin, Telescopic type shock
absorber, Hydraulic, gas filled type, twin tube type, Basic suspension movements –
pitching, bouncing, rolling etc.

Steering System & Steering Geometry: Principles of steering, Ackerman,

Davis fifth wheel, Steering gear box – types, worm & roller, worm & sector, Re-
circulating ball, Rack & pinion, Steering linkages – arrangement – components,
Power steering – integral – linkage type, Collapsible type steering column, Wheel
alignment – factors affecting wheel alignment.

Brake Systems: Principle of operation, weight transfer principle, types of brakes –

mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, servo brake, Air brake – vacuum brake – fail safe
brake – dual brake – antilock brake, Drum and disc brake system – Internal expanding
and externally contracting – Layout of brake system, mechanical components,
hydraulic – master cylinder, types – working principle – wheel cylinder – brake
bleeding, brake shoe. Air brake – construction details – working – details components
– servo brakes – working of servo brake – types, vacuum and air – disc brake –
constructional details and working of engine exhaust brake – testing of brake
efficiency.

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Transmission Systems: Various components in transmission required for a good
transmission system, principle of friction clutches – constructional features and
working of – single plate dry clutch – diaphragm clutch – cone clutch – centrifugal
clutch – semi centrifugal clutch – vacuum clutch – hydraulic clutch – electromagnetic
clutch – over running clutches – Multiplate clutch (dry & wet) Fluid fly wheel –
clutch disc – constructional details and functions of each part, pressure plate –
constructional details and functions of each part, Clutch operating mechanism.

Necessity and functions of gearbox: Gearbox constructional features &

working of – Sliding mesh gearbox – Constant mesh gearbox – Synchromesh gearbox
– progressive type gearbox – Epicyclic gearbox – Torque converter – Gear selector
and shifting mechanism, two wheeler transmissions – Gear drive – chain drive – V
matic transmission, CVT & ECVT – Automatic transmission in cars – Introduction of
Propeller shaft and universal joint – Torque tube drive – Hotchkiss drive – Variable
velocity joints – constant velocity joints – Front wheel drive – differential mechanism
– Locking differential – limited slip differential – Rear Axles – types

Wheels & Tyres: Wheels – wire – spoked wheel, disc wheel and alloy cast wheel,
composite wheel – wheel specification – Tyres – Tyre specification – Tyre
construction (cross sectional details.) – Tubeless tyre – Tyre treads patterns – Inflation
pressure and its effects (both over & under inflation) – Factors affecting tyre
performance.

Module IV : Fuels and Combustion and Applied Thermodynamics

Fossil and non Fossil Fuels: Properties of SI and CI engine fuels – Properties and
performances – LPG, CNG, Alcohol – Hydrogen and Bio-diesel – Bi-fuel and Dual
fuel systems – electric cars, hybrid vehicles – fuel cell

Combustion Phenomenon in SI Engines: Stages of combustion in SI engines –

the effects of engine variables – ignition lag – flame propagation – abnormal
combustion – detonation, pre-ignition & surface ignition.

Combustion Phenomenon in CI Engines: Stages of combustion in CI engines –

various air fuel ratios – delay period and variables affecting the delay period – Diesel
Knock and its control

Super Charging & Air Conditioning System: Super charging – Effects of super
charging. Methods of supercharging and turbo charging. Lean burn engines –
Automobile air conditioning system – working – components and their location,
Refrigerants, their properties, refrigeration controls

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamic Processes: Revision of topics like, thermodynamic system,

thermodynamic properties, boundary, state, process, internal energy, flow of work,
enthalpy, and entropy, first and second law of thermodynamics. Specific heats at
constant volume and at constant pressure. Establish the relation between specific heats
and gas constant. Derivation of formulae for work, heat, change in internal energy,
relation between pressure, volume and temperature during constant volume, constant
pressure, constant temperature, adiabatic and polytropic processes – problems.

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Air Standard Cycles: Reversible and irreversible cycle. Available work and energy
of a cycle. Theoretical thermal efficiency and air standard efficiency. Pressure-volume
diagram and temperature-entropy diagram. Derivation of formulae for air standard
efficiency of Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle – problems to find air standard
efficiency.

Power Developed in I. C. Engines: Indicator diagram and measurement of mean

effective pressure. Engine indicators. Indicated power, brake power, friction power,
indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific
fuel consumption, Morse test and preparation of heat balance sheet. Air compressors –
uses of compressed air, classification of air compressors – working of single stage and
multistage air compressors. Intercooler.

Module V: Automobile Service & Maintenance and Transport

Management
AUTOMOBILE SERVICE & MAINTENANCE

Introduction to Servicing and Maintenance of Automobiles: Various signs

showing the necessity of overhauling engine decarburizing, vacuum test, compression
test and cylinder leakage test. Causes of excessive lubricating oil consumption.
Engine dismantling and assembling. Checking of engine components – causes of
cylinder wear – cylinder rebooting and honing – linear replacement. Servicing of
valves. Valve adjustment and defects of valves. Piston defects and reconditioning
methods. Testing of connecting rods. Defects and reconditioning methods.
Measurement of bearing clearance and adjustment of connecting rod bearings. Crank
shaft balancing and machining processes. Renewal of flywheel ring gear.

Servicing of Petrol Engine: Defects in coil ignition system like ‘No spark’, weak
spark, Intermitted spark and spark at some wires. Testing of ignition system
components. Setting of ignition timing. Checking of advancing units. Servicing of
spark plug. Trouble shooting of fuel system. Testing of A. C. mechanical pump.
Tuning of carburettor. Causes of excessive fuel consumption and defects of
carburettor. Engine tuning procedure. Servicing of diesel engine – F. I. pump timing
and bleeding of diesel fuel system. Testing of Nozzles. Phasing and calibration of F. I.
pump. Defects of F. I. Pump and Nozzles. Troubles and diagnosis in MPFI and CRDI
systems.

Servicing of Clutch Assembly: Fitting of clutch, clutch adjustments. Removal

and refitting of trans-axle. Dismantling of propeller shaft and universal joint. Defects
in propeller shaft. Servicing of differential and rear axle. Removal of axles in full
floating, semi floating and three quarter floating types. Differential troubles and
adjustments. Tube repair. Causes of tyre wear. Tyre rotation, retreading and balancing
of wheels.

Servicing of Suspension System: Checking of wheel alignment. Adjustment of

torsion bars. Care and maintenance of vibration dampers. Replacement of suspension
rubber bushes. Play adjustment in steering gear boxes. Centralizing steering wheel.
Troubles in steering system. Brake shoe removal and re-lining. Brake bleeding and
adjustment. Servicing of master cylinder and wheel cylinder checking of braking
efficiency. Troubles in hydraulic and air brake systems. Periodic and break down

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maintenances. Maintenance schedule. Cleaning of vehicle in a service station.
Equipment used in a service station.

Vehicle Body Engineering: Car body construction details, major body sections of
a passenger car – front section, centre section, rear section, construction types –
conventional body over frame, unitised frame and body construction. Fibre reinforced
and Metal reinforced body structures. Classification of coach work, coach and bus
body styles, typical layout of bus and coach body, typical layout of commercial
vehicles, vehicle body materials – steel, light alloys, plastics, textiles, glass, wood,
aluminium materials, adhesives and their properties, corrosion and their prevention.
Hand tool study, power tool and equipment, shop safety, minor repairs – repairing
plastics, hood, bumper, fender, lid, and trim service, door, roof, glass service,
passenger compartment service Major body repair – frame repair, frame / body
damage measurement, frame re-alignment. Paint materials, paint characteristics,
refinishing process – paint removal, preparing bare metal, prime coat selection, final
sanding, masking, surface cleaning. Spray guns, equipment and material preparation,
spray gun setup, spray booth.

TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

Features of M. V. Act: Definition of terms – test for drivers and conductors –

registration of vehicles – duties of drivers and conductors – traffic signs – mode of
staffing in a depot – site selection and facilities in a depot – M. T. O. and functional
wings – organization chart – type of co-ordination and co-coordinating factors.

Bus Operation: Factors governing bus schedule – making a bus schedule –

operating characteristics – trip generation and trip distribution – Number of buses
required for operation – preparation of time table for bus and crew – factors governing
crew scheduling – making a crew scheduling. Intermediate public transport in Indian
cities (IPT) / Para transit, Characteristics of IPT modes, Light rail transit
(LRT/Tram), electric trolley bus (ETB), Magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) system,
container freight station, Trailer, on flat car, Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV).
Fare collection – Route planning – Fare structure and table – trip sheet and way bill –
ticket system – accident prevention – operational cost – fare methods – fare stage –
organization of automotive business – marketing background – functions of marketing
activities – workshop management – responsibilities of dealer – duties of workshop
staff – warranty, Consignment shipment.

Importance of Roads: Traffic studies and high way planning – Road geometry –
width of high way – gradient – cross section of road – super elevation and sight
distance – road intersection – traffic lights – location of bus stop, bus bay, zebra
crossing and parking positions – traffic census. Insurance surveying – companies –
classification of policies – third party insurance – factors involved in assessing –
MACT

NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics

detailed above, questions from other topics prescribed for
the educational qualification of the post may also appear
in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the
topics above may be covered in the question paper.