SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
Quarter 2 – Module 1
The Freedom of the Human Person

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Module 1- Quarter 2: The Freedom of the Human Person
First Edition, 2020

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Freedom of the Human Person

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators

from public and private schools, colleges and universities. We encourage teachers
and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and
recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 OVERVIEW
Good day learners! Congratulations on making it this far in Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human Person. We continue now with the next topic at hand, the Freedom
of the Human Person. In this module, we will explore the concept of freedom and the different
aspects connected to it. Further, we will examine different situations in our life wherein the
importance of our choices is emphasized. Afterwards, we will test how far you have
understood the lesson through short tests as well as reflective activities.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons:

• Lesson 1: What is Freedom?

• Lesson 2: Elements of Freedom

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving the To facilitate and ensure the students’
objectives of this module, do the learning from this module, you are
following: encouraged to do the following (you
may edit this part):
1. Read and follow instructions
carefully. 1. Clearly communicate learning
2. Write all your ANSWERS in competencies and objectives
your PHILOSOPHY ACTIVITY 2. Motivate through applications
NOTEBOOK. and connections to real life.
3. Answer the pretest before 3. Give applications of the theory
going through the lessons. 4. Discuss worked-out examples
4. Take note and record points 5. Give time for hands-on
for clarification. unguided classroom work and
5. Compare your answers discovery
against the key to answers 6. Use formative assessment to
found at the end of the give feedback
module. 7. Introduce extensions or
6. Do the activities and fully generalizations of concepts
understand each lesson. 8. Engage in reflection questions
7. Answer the self-check to 9. Encourage analysis through
monitor what you learned in higher order thinking prompts
each lesson. 10. Provide alternative formats for
8. Answer the posttest after you student work
have gone over all the lessons. 11. Remind learners to write their
answers in their Philosophy
Activity Notebook
 Lesson The Freedom of the
5 Human Person

What I need to know?

When you wake up this morning, what did

you do first? Did you wash your face? Took a bath?
Or immediately walked towards the dining table for
a hearty breakfast?

What made you do so? Who decided what

you wanted to do? If your answer is yourself then
you already have some practical application of
freedom.

In this module, the learner will be able to:

• Realize that all actions have consequences.

• Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
• Realize that choices have consequences and some things are given up while others
are obtained in making choices
• Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their
choices

What I know
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill the graphic organizer below with what you know of the meaning of
freedom.

Freedom
 What’s in?

Lesson 1.1: What is Freedom?

In our previous discussions about the human person, we have learned that a person
must possess 4 qualities that validates him or her as a person namely: self-awareness,
externality, dignity, and self-determination. Self-determination is the capability of the person
to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor, and regulate their
own actions and be goal-oriented and self-directed.
Let’s compare how animals and human persons behave to get a better understanding
of freedom. We see some animals behave like human beings because they seem to perform
actions in response to commands. A well-trained dog can perform certain tasks on command
such as “stay” or “fetch” because it has been trained and conditioned to perform them. The
same cannot be said about human beings. You cannot just approach a stranger, toss him or
her a ball and say “fetch!” Surely, you will be embarrassed with curious and suspicious stares
from that person. A person will not respond automatically to the command “fetch” because he
or she is not conditioned to obey like a dog.
The human person does not experience the world in the same way that animals do.
Animals act instinctively, meaning their actions are more like predetermined responses to
certain stimuli. A person on the other hand, can choose the course of action to take when
given incitement or faces with a certain situation. With us humans, our inherent freedom
makes us very dynamic creatures and our actions do not necessarily follow a set pattern.
Freedom is categorized into three kinds:

1. Physical Freedom
This is the first type of freedom that comes into mind when talking about freedom. It
refers to the absence of any physical restraint and the freedom of mobility to act and go
whatever, whenever and wherever he or she pleases.
2. Psychological Freedom
It is also called the freedom of choice. The person is free to perform actions that he
or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not to act. Psychological
freedom is innate and cannot be denied a person. No outside force or influence can compel
a person to act against his or her will.
3. Moral Freedom
This refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.
Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he or she pleases. A
person becomes freer when he or she uses freedom well but becomes less free when he
or she uses it in a bad way. Humans have a natural inclination for what is true and good
and when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violate human dignity and
goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates human
freedom.
 What’s New?

Read and reflect on the situation below:

Bert was on his way home from school when
unknowingly, he stumbled upon a wallet. It appears
to be full of cash as well as several Identification
Cards of the owner.
Bert knows he was short on the budget he needed
to complete the school project he was working on
and he could also spend some on new shoes.

Imagine that you are in his situation.

Which among the situations pictured below will be
your most truthful action?

Turn-in the wallet to the Take the money and Leave the wallet alone
nearest police station and spend it on the things you and continue walking
tell them what happened need and want home

Freedom gives us the choice to undertake one of these possible actions. It also
enables us to come up with new choices. For example, some may take some of the cash
before reporting it to the police to purchase their needs. The essence of freedom is that it does
not confine our actions to those do set or expected by others; we can imagine you actions and
decide to undertake them.
Now recall your answer and ask yourself why you chose to take that action. Reflecting
upon your actions will enable you to know yourself better as a person. Your actions also
determine to uphold human dignity and freedom. Having freedom, however, also entails
certain responsibilities. It is possible for a person to diminish or deny a freedom through the
choices that he or she makes.
 Freedom requires a degree of control from the person who exercises it. A person
becomes freer when he or she exercises control over himself or herself. On the other hand, a
person becomes less free when he or she is no longer in control of himself or herself and is
instead controlled by other forces.
“We are who we are because of the choices we make.” Life is a long journey, and, in
this journey, we would likely face the same situations again and again. Every repeated choice
that we make in the same scenario can develop into a habit. If this habit continues, it becomes
one of your character traits.

What is it?

Lesson 1.2: Elements of Freedom

What makes us Free?

How does Freedom shape our experiences?

There are two elements that define freedom. Voluntariness refers to the ability of a
person to act out of his or her own free will and self-determination. This means that a person
may decide to act or not to act, and these decisions are made of his or her own free will.
Voluntariness also means that a person may act even if he or she is not required or called to
act. Voluntary acts are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding moral value.
Let us analyze the following scenario and figure out how voluntariness was expressed in the
situation.
Freddy was on vacation in a resort prior to
graduating senior high school. He was relaxing on
the poolside when he noticed two kids playing near
the pool without their parents. He did not mind
them since he knows there is an on-standby
lifeguard in the area. After a short while Freddy
heard a splash. When he looked, he saw both kids
struggling to grasp for air desperately wailing their
hands on the air to call for help. He immediately got
up and headed for the Lifeguard tower but to his
dismay, no one was there. Freddy knows he is not
an expert swimmer, but he decides to rescue the
children himself. He successfully secured both to
the side of the pool.
Reflect on the actions and choices that were made in that situation. Why did the
children play near the pool unsupervised? Why was the Lifeguard not there? Why did Freddy
save them? Did Freddy have to save the two children whom he did not know at the expense
of his own life? One can argue that he does not have the responsibility to save them since he
is not a lifeguard. If he did that, what would be the result of his inaction?
 Whenever we decide to act, this results in a certain consequence. All human actions
have consequences, and this affect not only the person who commits the action, but also other
people in our surroundings. As a free being, the person must accept the consequences of his
or her actions to take responsibility for them. The second element of freedom, responsibility,
refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their consequences.
Taking responsibility can either mean a person will voluntarily taking responsibility for
his or her own actions or being held responsible by other people. Whenever you know you
committed a bad action, you can either voluntarily confess to it or other people will point it out
and hold you responsible. Responsibility can also have a positive or negative meaning, and it
goes hand in hand with voluntariness in determining the morality of an action.
Another reality that we must face as we exercise our freedom is the fact that freedom
is experienced through the path of making choices. Although human freedom gives us the
ability to think of countless decisions and possible actions, we only get to choose one of these
possible actions or decisions. Having the ability to choose and to enact a course of action
does not automatically mean that we should act every time.
When we make the choice to do a particular action, we can never go back and redo
our actions and make another choice. Real life is not a movie where we can stop and get a
second take on the situation. Therefore, it is very important that when confronted with choices,
we exercise caution and prudence and reflect on our possible courses of action.

What’s more?

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions briefly and straight to the point.
1. Why are voluntariness and responsibility important elements of freedom?

2. Is the choice of “doing nothing” a valid and moral choice? In what situations is this choice
acceptable?

3. How can self-reflection aid you in exercising freedom and making choices?

What I have learned?

➢ ________ is an intrinsic and essential property of a person. The human person is by

nature free and seeks freedom. Our freedom to act sets us apart from other beings.
➢ Freedom is also understood to be the power to create and define oneself. It is also
rooted in the person’s _____________ and the exercise of intellect and free will.
➢ Having and exercising freedom requires certain responsibilities. Human action can
either uphold or diminish freedom. A person becomes ___ free when he or she does
not exercise control over his or her actions. Actions that diminish freedom also
dehumanize a person.
 ➢ There are three kinds of freedom. _____________ refers to the absence of physical
restraint. _______________ is the freedom of choice. ______________ refers to the
responsible use of freedom which upholds human dignity and goodness.
➢ The two important elements of human freedom are voluntariness and responsibility.
____________ refers to the ability of the person to act out of his or her own free will
and self-determination. ______________ refers to the person being accountable for
his or her actions and their consequences.
➢ Freedom is experienced through the act of making choices. It is therefore important
for persons to exercise caution and __________ and reflect on possible courses of
action in making decisions or doing actions.

What I can do?

INSTRUCTIONS: Analyze the following situations. Give your recommendations on how the
persons involved can exercise freedom more responsibly.
1. Julia’s family is well-known for being wealthy and influential. However, her family faced
hard times in the previous year. Her father’s business closed, and they were forced to sell
most of their possessions and live a much simpler life. Julia, however, wishes to maintain
her image among her friends. She has resorted to borrowing money from relatives to keep
up with her well-off barkada.

2. Mang Tony’s meat stall has been very profitable these days. It turns out that he has been
tampering with the weighing scales and has been selling less meat at increased prices. One
time, some meat went stale and he decided to mix it with other fresh meat so he could still
sell it.
 Assessment

A. INSTRUCTIONS: Identify the following. Place your answer on a separate piece of paper.
_______________1. This is the ability to make choices and perform actions and is an
essential property of the human person.
_______________2. This is freedom from any physical restraint.
_______________3. This is the freedom of choice.
_______________4. This is the ability to act out of one’s own free will and self-
determination.
_______________5. This refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and
their consequences.
B. INSTRUCTIONS: Put a check beside the number of the statement which shows
responsible use of freedom. Write your answers on a separate piece of
paper.
________1. Instead of spending her excess allowance on a new pair of shoes, Reyna
decides to open a bank account and start saving up for her future.
________2. Despite the threats made on his life, the witness decided to come forward and
divulge important information regarding the crime he witnessed.
________3. A woman used the internet to humiliate her ex-boyfriend by spreading lewd
photos of him on social media.
________4. Despite knowing that many of his clients were poor and desperate, a
moneylender continues to impose very high interest rates on loans.
________5. A businessman did not accept a high-paying position in an overseas firm and
instead decided to start his own business and spend more time with his family.

Additional Activities

INSTRUCTIONS: Reflect on the following questions and write your answers on a separate
piece of paper
1. In what way can you change or improve your behavior so that you will be better able to
uphold human freedom?

2. What is the most significant decision that you have made in your life so far? Describe how
this has affected you.

Good Job!
You have now finished this module. You may
now proceed to the next one
 ANSWER KEY
Grammar - 5
Coherence – 10 Grammar - 3
Content – 15 Coherence – 7
Content – 10
Rubric:
Rubric:
What I can do?
What’s more?

Grammar - 5
5. √
Coherence – 10
4. __
Content – 15
3. __
Rubric: 2. √
1. √
Additional Activities B.
5. Responsibility
8. Prudence 4. Voluntariness
7. Responsibility 3. Psychological Freedom
6. Voluntariness 2. Physical Freedom
5. Moral Freedom 1. Freedom
5. Psychological Freedom A.
4. Physical Freedom
3. less Assessment:
2. Self-determination
1. Freedom
What can I do?
-Varied words related to freedom
What I know?
References:
Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 2016. C & E
Publishing, Inc. Quezon City
Image: Girl Waking up in Bed. Retrieved from: https://classroomclipart.com/clipart-
view/Clipart/Home/girl-waking-up-in-the-morning-streching-in-bed-clipart_jpg.htm
Image: Man Finding Wallet on the Ground. Retrieved from:
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/lost-wallet-224154025
Image: Man Reporting to the Police. Retrieved from: https://www.gograph.com/vector-clip-
art/male-cartoon-police-officer_4.html
Image: Man Picking-up lost Wallet. Retrieved from:
https://depositphotos.com/13950964/stock-illustration-cartoon-wallet-prank.html
Image: Boy Running. Retrieved from: https://www.clipart.email/clipart/fast-clipart-free-
432828.html
Image: Man, Rescues Drowning Children. Retrieved from:
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/water+rescue+child
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