E-JOINT ( Electronica and Electrical Journal of Innovation Technology) ISSN : 2745 - 9292

Vol. 02, No. 1, June 2021

Cilacap State Polytechnic

ELECTRIC BILL MONITOR BASED AN

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Lutfiyah#1, Hera Susanti*2, Galih Mustiko Aji#3
D3 Electronic Engineering Study Program
Department of Electronics Engineering
Cilacap State Polytechnic
Jl. DR. Soetomo No. 1 Sidakaya,
Cilacap
E-mail :[email protected]

Abstract-People as electricity users need to monitor the use support life from a socio-economic perspective, for an
of electric power to maintain the availability of electricity. economic level that is still bad, and also countries with
The display of an electricity meter that only displays kWh electricity grid systems that are still underdeveloped. not good.
(kilowatt-hour) makes it impossible for someone to know If you often experience electrical overload, electronic devices
how much electricity they use. Therefore, a tool is made to will be damaged and will increase expenses so household
monitor the current, voltage, and electrical power in expenses will increase.
electrical loads. Electric Bill Monitor based on the Internet The manual measuring instrument uses the principle of
of Things is a development by the kWh Meter system. The magnetism with a mechanism in the form of a rotating disc that
output of electricity cost measurements in units of kWh converts the number of turns into a number that can indicate the
(kilowatt-hour) is converted into rupiah and can be amount of power consumption. While digital measuring
monitored through the android application. This Internet instruments are applied to power sensors that are connected to
of things-based electricity cost monitor uses the ESP32 Wi- a minimum system or microcontroller that can calculate power.
Fi module as a process component. Then use the With this digital system, customers pay in advance and enter in
PZEM004T sensor module as a current and voltage sensor. the form of pulses called tokens. The power consumption can
And using a step-down transformer LM2596 to lower the be used as long as there are tokens in it and will decrease
voltage, as well as a 1-channel relay module to control according to the size of the usage. From the kWh meter used by
circuit performance. The working principle of this tool is PLN, all users must look directly at the display inside to find
when the tool gets an energy source from the power supply, out the electricity consumption that has been used or the
the tool will work to measure the current and voltage at a remaining credit deposit that is still available.[13]
given load. The WiFi Module will process the data and Electrical power can be defined as the rate at which
convert it to be sent to Firebase via Wi-Fi and display the electrical energy is delivered to do work in an electrical circuit.
data on the LCD. Then the data will appear both on the Electrical power can be expressed in units of watts or hours of
android application and the LCD. Based on the tests that power. In an electric power system, power is the energy used to
have been carried out, the results show that the tool can do work or work, such as heat, sound, mechanics, and light. The
monitor current, voltage, and electrical power through the types of power forms in AC power networks with sinusoidal
android application. There are varying and not too large waveforms are apparent power, active power, and reactive
error percentages in each test. The test results show that the power.[14]
largest error value is 1.5%. Smartphone-based monitoring systems are excellent in
the IoT research environment. This is because there are
Keywords: microcontroller, ESP32, PZEM004T, Internet of currently many smartphone users who use their devices for
things. their daily needs.[15]
If the use of electricity in the household is not controlled
so that it can make household bills very high or electricity bills
I. INTRODUCTION soar, the absence of a monitoring system for the use of electrical
power at home when household electronic devices are used
In the development of increasingly advanced technology, indefinitely creates a risk of material loss. And by utilizing
awareness is needed to try to apply appropriate technology that existing technology, it is possible to create a monitoring system
can benefit people's lives, in general technology that can
 E-JOINT ( Electronica and Electrical Journal of Innovation Technology) ISSN : 2745 - 9292
Vol. 02, No. 1, June 2021
Cilacap State Polytechnic

with the use of electrical power.[1] And by utilizing the current language. Before being sold to the market, the Arduino
technology, it is possible to create a monitoring system with the microcontroller IC has been implanted with a program called
use of electrical power. Bootloader which functions as an intermediary between the
The design of internet-based electrical power monitoring Arduino compiler and the microcontroller.[5]
is designed to obtain information related to electrical power
measurements, including Real Power (Watt), Voltage (V), and D. Internet of Things (IoT)
Current (A) in real-time that can be accessed from the Internet IoT is a communication system where objects in everyday
network at any time.[ 2] By utilizing the internet network, you life will be equipped with a microcontroller as a transceiver and
can monitor the electrical power that is commonly used. Thus, equipped with a program from a personal computer that can
information related to electrical power measurements can be make them communicate with each other. The concept of IoT
monitored with appropriate or accurate results in real-time. aims to make the function of the internet more profound. For
Monitoring of electrical power is carried out on household example household appliances, surveillance cameras,
electrical loads which generally consist of lighting lamps, fans, monitoring sensors, and so on. IoT will also encourage the
and others. Internet of things-based electricity cost monitoring development of some applications to provide new services to
is a development of the kWh Meter system, where the output of the agencies needed. [6]
residential electricity cost measurements in units of kWh
(kilowatt-hour) is converted into rupiah and can be monitored E. Firebase
through the android application. The use of this tool is expected
to monitor the amount of electricity consumption. Firebase is a very useful framework for building portable
web applications intended for business purposes. This of course
II. METHOD requires a real-time database so that when someone updates the
records in the database, the update is then forwarded to every
A. Electrical Load Measurement other user instantly.[7] Firebase has a main product that
provides real-time database and backend services. This service
Measurement of electrical load is the activity of reading provides application developer APIs that allow application data
an electrical quantity from a certain component. In this study, to be synchronized on the client and stored in the Firebase
the electrical load measured is the housing load, which is the cloud.
electrical load most of which is distributed in residential areas.
Electrical equipment in housing loads generally consists of F. AppInventor
lighting, irons, fans, and so on.[3] In this study, the device will
only operate on an apparent electric power of at least 2,200 VA AppInventor is an open-source web application originally
for Rp. 1,444 per kWh. developed by Google and currently maintained by the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). AppInventor
B. Android allows users to create software applications based on the
Android operating system. AppInventor uses a graphical
Android or mobile is a hardware device with various interface based on visual block programming[8] which allows
features and applications. Android is a subset of software for users to drag and drop visual objects during the application
mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware, development process without the need to create any code.
and core applications released by Google. The use of Android
for programming is usually used to give a better impression G. ESP32
with the addition of IoT mode with Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
connections. The android system that can access the IoT-based ESP32 is the name of the microcontroller designed by the
electricity cost monitor application is an android system that Shanghai, China-based company Espressif Systems. The
operates with android at least android version 8. [4] ESP32 offers a standalone WiFi network solution as a bridge
from the existing microcontroller to the WiFi network. The
C. Arduino IDE Programming ESP32 uses a dual-core processor running on Xtensa LX16
instructions. The main advantages of this microcontroller are
IDE is an abbreviation of Integrated Development that it is relatively cheap, easy to program, has an adequate
Environment, or simply an integrated environment used for number of I/O pins, and has an internal WiFi adapter to access
development. It is called an environment because it is through the internet network.[9]
this software that Arduino is programmed to perform the
functions embedded through programming syntax. Arduino H. PZEM-004T Sensor Module
uses its programming language that resembles C language. The
Arduino programming language (Sketch) has been changed to The PZEM004T module is an integrated current and
make it easier for beginners to programming from the original voltage sensor module capable of measuring power, voltage,
and energy in electric currents. In its application, this module
 E-JOINT ( Electronica and Electrical Journal of Innovation Technology) ISSN : 2745 - 9292
Vol. 02, No. 1, June 2021
Cilacap State Polytechnic

is used specifically for indoor use and the installed load does K. Flow chart
not exceed the power capacity that can be transferred to it.
Sensor module it outputs by serial communication. [10]

I. LM2596 . Step Down Transformer

Step down transformer is a transformer that serves to
lower the voltage and adjust it to the needs of electronics. This
transformer performs its action by changing the voltage and
current without causing a change in frequency. The LM2596
step-down transformer module is an integrated circuit that
functions as a step-down DC converter with a current rating of
3A. In this study, we use an adjustable module series whose
output voltage can be varied. The advantage of the LM2596
step-down module compared to the step-down resistor /
potentiometer is that the output voltage does not change
(stable) even though the input voltage goes up and down.[11]

J. Block Diagram

Picture2.. Flow chart

A flowchart is a simple mapping tool that shows the

sequence of actions in a process in a form that is easy to read
and communicate.[12] The working principle of this tool is
when the tool gets an energy source from the power supply, the
tool will work to measure the current and voltage at a given
load. The WiFi Module will process the data and convert it to
Picture1. Block Diagram be sent to Firebase via Wi-Fi and display the data on the LCD,
then the data will appear on both the android application and
the LCD.
Block diagrams are used to clarify the working system of
the tool to be made. The block diagram above has input, L. Overall Circuit
process, and output. The input section is the initial part, namely
the PZEM-004T sensor gets a source from the power supply,
and current, voltage and electric power measurements are
taken. Then in the process section, ESP32 processes the data
and converts it into rupiah, and sends it to Firebase through an
internet connection, also sends data to the android application.
In the output section, the LCD and the android application
display the measurement data.

Picture3. Overall Circuit

The overall hardware circuit consists of the NodeMCU

Wi-Fi Module ESP32 component, the PZEM004T sensor
module, the LM2596 step down transformer module, and the 1
 E-JOINT ( Electronica and Electrical Journal of Innovation Technology) ISSN : 2745 - 9292
Vol. 02, No. 1, June 2021
Cilacap State Polytechnic

channel relay module. In the circuit diagram above, the output 217.8 0.24 38.1
30000 29998.97 20
pin (+) of the transformer is connected to the 5V pin on the V A W
ESP32, while the output pin (-) is connected to the GND pin on 216.4 0.23 37.6
the ESP32. The 1 channel relay module is also connected to the 70000 69999,60 48
V A W
ESP32. The VCC pin on the relay module is connected to the 149998,7 218.1 0.24 37.9
5V pin on the ESP32, the IN1 pin is connected to the IO18 pin 150000 103
6 V A W
on the ESP32, then the GND pin is connected to the GND pin
on the ESP32. Based on the above calculation, the kWh obtained for each
Table1Overall Circuit Description 10,000 pulse filling device is 6.9 kWh. This depends on how
much the price per unit kWh is and how big the nominal pulse
PZEM004T Relay Transformer ESP32 Color is filled in. The calculations have been programmed as such in
- IN1 - IO18 Blue the Arduino IDE software programming.
5V VCC OUT(+) 5V Red
B. Overall Tool Test
GND GND OUT (-) GND Black
Next is monitoring electricity costs. This is done to find
RX - - TXD Yellow
out the difference in the nominal pulse at the time of reloading,
TX - - RXD Green after top-up, and after use. Besides being able to be monitored
on the tool, the monitoring results are also displayed on the
android application and a comparison can be seen between the
two.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table3 Electricity Cost Monitoring
The test is carried out after the tool design is Reload kWh Results On Tools
implemented, to know and analyze the level of success, phone
weakness, and limitations of the Internet of things-based credit
electricity cost monitor that has been made. This is done to find 10,000
out about the performance and function of the tool so that it can
be used optimally. Data retrieval from the Internet of things-
based electricity cost monitor test was carried out at the 6.9
Department of Electronics Engineering.

A. Overall Tool Test

Overall testing of the tool is carried out to monitor the 20,000
voltage, current, power, and the number of electrical pulses that
are inputted and used. The test is carried out by connecting the
load of two lamps and a fan to the tool, then monitoring the 13.8
input and used voltage, current, power, and electrical pulses.

Table2Overall Tool Test

50,000
Reload kWh
Remaini Curre Powe
phone Voltage on 34.6
ng Credit nt r
credit Apk
215.6 0.24 37.8
10000 9998.91 6
V A W
216.4 0.23 37.5
20000 19999,62 13
V A W
218.7 0.24 38.3
50000 49999,38 34
V A W
212.8 0.23 36.5
100000 99999.54 69
V A W
 E-JOINT ( Electronica and Electrical Journal of Innovation Technology) ISSN : 2745 - 9292
Vol. 02, No. 1, June 2021
Cilacap State Polytechnic

100,000 𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑎𝑙= nominal pulse without electrical load.

𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑊ℎ= price per unit kWh of 1444 rupiah.
For example, kWh obtained = = 6.9 kWh
69.2
Based on the above calculation, the kWh obtained for each
10,000 pulse filling device is 6.9 kWh. This depends on how
much the price per unit kWh is and how big the nominal pulse
is filled in. The calculations have been programmed as such in
30,000
the Arduino IDE software programming.
The formula to calculate the error in kWh obtained is,
20.7 (%Error=x100%) ............................................................. 3.3
With the following information:
𝑎= original kWh.
70,000 𝑏= kWh obtained.
,
1. %Error = x100% = 0.9 %
,
2. %Error = x100% = 0.2 %
48.4

IV. CONCLUSION
The following conclusions are obtained from the internet
150,000
of things-based electricity cost monitor in the design and
manufacture process for the analysis of this Final Project are as
follows:
103.8
1. Internet of things-based electricity cost monitoring can be
done by charging electricity pulses of up to 150,000 rupiahs
and even more as needed.
2. The electric pulse will increase when charging, and will
decrease when the tool is given a load in the form of lights,
Based on the experiments that have been carried out, it fans, and others.
can be understood that in the experiment using a load of 2 5 3. The test is carried out using the PZEM004T sensor which is
Watt lamps, a 26 Watt fan, and the PZEM004T Sensor Module. integrated with the ESP32 and the LM2596 Step-down
In the experiment, it was found that between the nominal pulse Transformer Module. The test results show the largest error
content and the pulses obtained the results were appropriate, value is 1.5%.
and the pulses would decrease little by little when the electrical
load was added. There is an error in the kWh reading obtained. REFERENCE
Monitoring results are also displayed on the android
application. [1] Maria Febrianti Pela, Rully Pramudita. 2021.
ELECTRICITY USE MONITORING SYSTEM
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(%Error=x100%) ............................................................ 3.1 HOME USING BLYNK APPLICATION. Bekasi :
With the following information: Bina Insani University.
𝑎= measurement result by measuring instrument. [2] S. Dolly Handarly. 2018. IoT (Internet of Thing)-Based
𝑏= measurement result by sensor. Electrical Power Monitoring System. Bengkalis :
, POLBENG.
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[3] Cekdin, Cekmas. 2021. Electric Power Distribution.
Based on the above calculation shows that the percentage error Yogyakarta : Publisher Andi.
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is due to the sensitivity of the sensor. Prasetyo, E. (2019). Arduino Uno Line Follower
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Cilacap State Polytechnic

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