Subsystem Interconnection

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Table 1.

1 Interactions of Some Major Earth Systems

Only a few of the most important interactions are listed here. Note that systems can interact with
themselves. Also note that many interactions work both ways. For example, the atmosphere provides
gasses for respiration by organisms and the plants gasses given off by organisms affect the atmosphere.
Chains of interactions also occur, for example, solar heating warms the land, unequal heating of land and
water helps drive the winds which in turn drive ocean currents.
SOURCE EFFECTS ON
SYSTEM EARTH- ATMOSPHER HYDROSPHER BIOSPHERE LITHOSPHER
UNIVERSE E E E
SYSTEM
EARTH- Gravitationa Solar energy Heating by solar Solar energy Heating by
UNIVERSE l interaction; input; creation energy; tides for solar energy;
SYSTEM recycling of of ozone layer photosynthesis meteor
stellar ; daily seasonal impacts.
materials rhythms.
ATMOSPHERE Affects Interaction of Winds drives Gases for Wind erosion;
escape of air masses surface currents; respiration; transport of
heat evaporation transports of water vapor fro
radiation to seeds and precipitation
space. spores
HYDROSPHER Tidal fiction Input of water Mixing of Water for cell Precipitation;
E affects vapor and oceans; deep fluids; medium water and
moon’s stored solar ocean for aquatic glacial erosion;
orbits heat circulation; organisms; solution of
hydrologic cycle transport of minerals
organisms
BIOSPHERE Biogenic Gases from Removal of Predator-prey Modification of
gases affect respiration dissolved interactions; weathering and
escape of materials by food cycles erosion
heat organisms processes;
radiation to formation of soil
space
LITHOSPHERE Gravity of Input of stored Source of Source of Plate tectonics;
earth affects solar heat; sediments and mineral crustal
other bodies diversion of air dissolved nutrients; movements
movements by materials modification of
mountains habitats by
crustal
movements

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