1965 Rules

Introduction: A leader among my favorites. I own purposes. A “T” counter is provided to

remember in the mid-1960’s when I first record the turn. A “Nuke” counter (the ice cream
purchased this game. The board just seemed to cone shaped counter) is provided to record
unfold forever. The map was huge. Unbelievable! locations of both nuclear and strategic air strikes.
Forget that Basic Game. Just throw those The filled side is for nuclear strikes and the open
optional rules onto the tournament game and side is for strategic strikes. The “Red and Blue
let’s get going. It was great. I couldn’t believe Control” flags are used to show city ownership
that the game got panned in the magazines as and are based on SPI’s Modular System sketches.
“Sitzkrieg”. The magazine gurus advised just
stack to the max in the middle, and nobody BLZ65 Rules: The original rules did not have
would go anywhere. Obviously, those boys never numbered paragraphs. My old rules have hand
messed with the nukes and invasions of the more written numbers in both the rules body and in
advanced rules. Stacking 12 factors in a hex, the question and answer (Q&A) appendix. I do
particularly in a city crammed with bomber units, not remember if that was my idea of was from
just invited a visit from a SAC nuclear bomber. some General issue. I have retained these
And, concentrating in the middle was an open numbers as it assists in locating references
invitation to a sea and airborne invasion on particularly with the Q&A. I have also added an
unprotected shores. No Blitzkrieg game that I index. Any changes or comments that I made to
ever played slowed to a WWI type halt. Attrition rules are contained in brackets. I have tried to
yes, but attrition that resulted from units making copy the original rules as closely as possible
rapid, sweeping movements that chewed up including any errors. – CGM, 10 Oct 98
enemy forces and then, in turn, those units were
ground up in the same manner. For me, no later Postscript: I reformatted this first version
variation or improvement matched the thrill of document for the third version of the ADC2
this initial game. Blitzkrieg module. All charts and tables
presented in the Battle Manual have been moved
Credits: This game is constructed using Aide De to a separate page to facilitate separate printing.
Camp 2 (ADC2) Version 2.06 for Windows 95 by The document was first saved as BLZ65. It now
HPS Simulations, Santa Clara, California, 95055- will be saved as BLITZKRIEG 1965 Rules. The
3245 (http://www.hpssims.com). The board original Basic Game rules were provided on a
game was originally published by The Avalon Hill four page sheet. The Tournament Game and
Company (later The Avalon Hill Game Company). Optional Rules were in a 16 page "Battle Manual"
Because the rules for this game were later that included Diagrams of Play, Commentary on
replaced by the 1975 version, I have included all Strategy, and in later printings a Question and
the 1965 rules and charts. Additionally, I have Answer (Q&A) Appendix. 
provided separately a list of questions and
answers about the 1965 game that I have cgm, 25 Jun 07
extracted from TAHGC’s General magazine.
Blitzkrieg is the registered trademark of TAHGC,
Baltimore, Maryland. Hasbro toy manufacturers
purchased TAHGC. Use of this game without
purchasing the actual board game is not nice and
will probably result in a visit by GI Joe and his
pals.

Blitzkrieg 1965 (BLZ65) Map and Counters:

As the ADC2 game is designed to support
different editions, some map areas and counters
are not used for the Blitzkrieg 1965 (BLZ65)
versions. Only the turn track is needed with all
versions of BLZ65. Even this need not be used if
you instead use ADC2’s turn recording system.
Use only the counters and markers in Red and
Blue and “65” Force Pools. Of course, you’re free
to use any of the other counters you like for your
1
 1965 Rules
Rules Index Para Page Rules Index Para Page
INTRODUCTION 3 How to Win 5.0 7
BASIC GAME 3 Automatic Victory 7.3 7
Mapboard 1.0 3 Sea Movement 6.1 7
Order of Battle Unit Counters 2.0 3 Invasions 6.2 8
Prepare for Play 3.0 3 Air Transport 6.3 9
How to Play 4.0 4 Rangers 20.0 9
How to Win 5.0 4 Supply 21.0 9
How to Move Units 6.0 4 Minor Countries 22.0 9
How to Have Combat 7.0 4 Air Power 23.0 10
More Than One Unit Per Square 8.0 5 Tactical 23.1 10
Multiple Unit Battles 9.0 5 Strategic 23.2 10
How to Control a City 10.0 6 Strategic Bombing of Cities 23.3 11
Transportation Lines 11.0 6 Replacements 17.1 11
Rivers 12.0 6 OPTIONAL RULES 11
Forests 13.0 6 Air Power 23.0 11
Great Koufax Desert 14.0 6 Fighter Combat (Interception) 23.6 11
Seas and Lakes 15.0 6 Air Interdiction 23.4 12
Mountains 16.0 6 Supply 21.1 12
Reinforcements 17.0 6 Weather 24.0 12
Airborne Infantry & Air Assault Units 18.0 6 Nuclear Capacity 23.5 12
How to Resolve Battles 19.0 7 Sea Based Aircraft 23.7 12
BATTLE MANUAL 7 SEND STAMPED ENVELOPE 13
TOURNAMENT GAME 7 DIAGRAMS OF PLAY 14
Prepare for Play 3.0 7 COMMENTARY ON STRATEGY 16
Substitute Counters 2.3 7 Appendix [Questions & Answers] 17
Combat 7.2 7 CHARTS AND TABLES 18

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 1965 Rules
BORDER: Gray lines running between the squares
separating the various countries.
BLITZKRIEG NEUTRAL COUNTRY: Whole gray squares which are
“off-limits” to both sides.
BLITZKRIEG is a fictional representation of the
great breakout of the 2nd World War. Five minor 2.0 - ORDER OF BATTLE UNIT COUNTERS
countries become engulfed in a tremendous Now study the die-cut Unit Counters. These Blue
conflict for territory waged by two major and Red counters are your "chessmen."
countries, Great Blue and Big Red. Hereafter, they will be called “Units.”

But now YOU are in command. YOU get the

thrill of leading Divisions of Infantry, Marines,
Artillery, Armor, Airborne, and Invasion forces
over a realistic topographical mapboard.

The background and research in the design of

BLITZKRIEG have come from the material edited
and authenticated by the United States War
College and the Office of the Chief of Military
History (OCMH), Washington, D.C.

BLITZKRIEG has been play-tested by Avalon

Hill’s Consumer Test-Panel to present you as
realistic a portrayal of modern warfare as
humanly possible...
IDENTIFICATION: (For organization only) MAR:
INSTRUCTIONS – READ FIRST Marines, LT: Light, T: Tank

MOVEMENT FACTOR: Maximum number of

BASIC GAME squares a Unit may be moved over clear terrain
in one Turn.
1.0 - MAPBOARD
The map board shows the playing area. It COMBAT FACTOR: Basic fighting strength.
contains two major countries, Great Blue and Big (Note: Break-through Artillery Units have 2
Red, plus several unnamed minor countries. The combat factors: the first is used when the Unit is
hexagons have been super-imposed to determine attacking, and the second is used when the Unit
movement and will hereafter be referred to as is defending.)
squares. Terrain features are as follows:
3.0 - PREPARE FOR PLAY
CLEAR TERRAIN: Any square devoid of terrain
features. STEP 1: Lay the mapboard out on a table. Blue
CITY SQUARE: Any square containing black criss-
sits on the northern side and Red on the southern
cross lines.
RIVER SQUARE: Any square containing a solid blue
side.
line, wholly or partially.
FOREST SQUARE: Any square containing green STEP 2: Punch out the Order of Battle Basic
splotches, wholly or partially. Game Units and place them on the corresponding
MOUNTAIN SQUARE: Any square containing brown spaces provided on each player's Order of
splash contours. Appearance card. Place Substitute Units aside as
SEA AND LAKE SQUARES: Any square wholly blue. they are not used in the Basic Game.
Partially blue squares are considered land squares.
TRANSPORTATION LINES: Red lines running
STEP 3: Blue sets up his Units on the mapboard
through the squares.
DESERT SQUARE: Any non-coastal square containing
first. He refers to all Units he has listed under
yellow, wholly or partially. “TURN 1,” on his Order of Appearance Card and
INVASION BEACH SQUARE: Any coastal square con- places them directly on the mapboard anywhere
taining yellow. he chooses within his country, Great Blue. (The
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 1965 Rules
peninsula containing "River Sparling" also part of Turn.
Great Blue.)
5. Unlike chess and checkers you may move all
STEP 4: Red sets up his Units anywhere in his Units you choose to move before resolving any
own country, Big Red, in the same manner. battles.

4.0 - HOW TO PLAY 6. You may move Units over top of friendly Units
but you are not allowed to move your Units on
BLITZKRIEG is played in complete Turns. A top of or over opponent's Units.
complete Turn is as follows:
7. Movement rates are not transferable from one
STEP 1: Blue consults the Time Record card and Unit to another nor can they be accumulated
places the Units he receives that Turn on the from one Turn to the next.
board in any city or cities in his home country he
controls. He then moves all Units he chooses to NOTE: The die is used only to resolve battle-it
move. No Red movement is allowed. has nothing to do with movement.

STEP 2: All battles caused by Blue movement 7.0 - HOW TO HAVE COMBAT
are resolved one battle at a time.

STEP 3: Red consults the Time Record Card and

places the Units he receives that Turn on the
board in any city or cities in his home country he
controls. He then moves all Units he chooses to
move. No Blue movement is allowed.

STEP 4: All battles caused by Red movement are

resolved one battle at a time.

STEP 5: Red then checks off one Turn on the

Time Record card. Play reverts to Steps 1
through 5 for the remainder of the game.
ZONE OF CONTROL: Every Unit's zone of
5.0 - HOW TO WIN control is its 6 adjacent squares (A-F) regardless
of which square it is on. A Unit's zone of control
A player wins if he either (1) eliminates all of his even extends across rivers and into mountain,
opponent's Units or (2) occupies all of the Cities forest and desert squares. You automatically
in his opponent's country for one complete Turn cause combat when you move a Unit into any
or (3) holds more than 25 cities by the 15th one square of an enemy Unit's zone of control.
Turn. Any other situation at the 15th Turn is The player moving his Units is always the
considered a draw. attacker; his opponent is the defender. To
determine battle odds the attacker's combat
6.0 - HOW TO MOVE UNITS factor is stated first and the defender's combat
factor is stated second. For example: If the
1. In any Turn you may move all your Units on Guards Armored Division (8) attacks the 15th
board. Infantry Division (4) battle odds are 8 to 4 which
reduces to 2 to 1. To resolve combat the attacker
2. You may move each Unit any number of rolls the die once and matches up the die roll
squares not exceeding its normal movement rate. with the 2 to 1 odds column on the Attrition
Table.
3. You do not have to move every Unit nor do
you have to move any Unit in your Turn. ATTACKING:

4. You may move Units in any direction or 1. An attacking Unit must stop as soon as it
combination of directions you wish in the same
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 1965 Rules
enters the first enemy controlled square. after splitting away from the slow moving Units.

2. You are not allowed to move an attacking Unit 9.0 - MULTIPLE UNIT BATTLES
through enemy controlled squares.
1. When two or more Units attack one defending
3. You may attack as many enemy Units as you Unit the factors of the attacking Units must be
can reach in the same Turn. totaled into one combined combat factor.

4. You may move as many Units into enemy 2. When one Unit attacks two or more defending
zones of control as you are able before resolving Units the factors of the defending Units must be
combat. totaled into one combined combat factor.

5. You resolve all combat one battle at a time 3. When several Units attack several defending
after moving all the Units you choose to move in Units the attacker has the choice of dividing
your Turn. combat into more than one battle as long as:

6. The attacker has the choice of resolving (a) he battles every defending Unit he has
battles in any order he wishes. attacking Units adjacent to and,

7. The attacker must resolve combat against (b) his Units are adjacent to the specific Units
every enemy Unit he has moved Units next to. they are attacking.

8. The combat factor of a Unit when attacking is 4. You may deliberately sacrifice one or more
always basic regardless of terrain it is attacking attacking Units at unfavorable odds in order to
from. gain more favorable odds over other defending
Units-this tactic is called "soaking off." Soak off
odds cannot be worse than 1-6.
DEFENDING:
5. The combat factor of a Unit cannot be split and
1. The defending player is not allowed to move applied to more than one battle.
any Unit while his opponent is attacking.
6. No Unit, attacking or defending can fight more
2. The combat factor of a Unit when defending than one battle in any one player's Turn even if it
varies according to the terrain it is defending on. finds itself adjacent to the enemy after all battles
Examples are shown on the Attrition Table. have been resolved. In this event, the defending
Unit must either attack or withdraw in its Turn.
If it chooses to attack it may do so staying where
8.0 - MORE THAN ONE UNIT PER SQUARE it is or by withdrawing from the enemy zone
altogether and then re-entering by a different
1. Both players are allowed to stack Units square. In this instance Units may not withdraw
totalling up to 12 combat factors on one square. and re-enter by a route that would force them
(For Break-through into or through zones of control of other enemy
Artillery, the limitation is based on defense Units.
factors.)
7. The attacker with stacked Units on the same
2. Stacked Units may stay together indefinitely or square may divide combat into more than one
they may combine on one Turn and split up on battle against defending Units on separate
the very next. squares.

3. Stacked Units may pass over squares 8. The attacker may not divide combat into more
containing other friendy Units. than one battle against defending Units on the
same square.
4. The movement rate of stacked Units is that of
the slowest Unit in the stack. Of course, the
fastest Unit in the stack may continue on its way
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 1965 Rules
10.0 - HOW TO CONTROL A CITY 14.0 - GREAT KOUFAX DESERT

A player controls a City if he was the last person The intricacies of play across the desert are
to place that City in his zone of control. When pertinent only in the Tournament Game. For
both sides have a City in their zone of control Basic Game play consider the desert the same as
simultaneously, the City is friendly to neither clear terrain.
side. Hereafter, controlled Cities will be called
friendly cities. 15.0 - SEAS AND LAKES

11.0 - TRANSPORTATION LINES Sea movement is pertinent only to the

Tournament Game. And movement onto Lake
1. Movement along Transportation Lines, squares is not permitted either in the Basic or
hereafter called Roads, is 3 times faster than Tournament Games.
normal. Thus a Unit whose normal movement
rate is 4 can move 12 squares along a road in 16.0 - MOUNTAINS
one Turn. In other words, movement along 3
road squares is the same as one clear terrain All Units are allowed in mountains. Units must
square. stop when they land on a mountain square. They
may not proceed until the next Turn. Units move
2. All Units may combine road travel with off- through mountains at the rate of 1 square per
road travel in the same Turn. For instance, let's Turn. Units may leave mountains or swamps at
assume a Unit with a normal movement rate of 4 their normal movement rate.
is 2 squares away from a road; as soon as it
moves to the road square it can travel up to 6 17.0 REINFORCEMENTS
more squares along the road; or, up to 3 more
squares along the road and 1 square off the road. Both players receive Reinforcements at specific
NOTE: Units lose the benefit of fractions. intervals. Reinforcements are new Units and have
Example: If the Unit, above, had moved 4 nothing to do with Units already eliminated. The
squares along the road instead of 3, it could not Order of Appearance Cards state the earliest time
move off the road in that Turn. that Reinforcements can be put into play.
However, players have the option of delaying
3. All Units may change roads at intersections at their arrival as long as desired.
the road movement rate.
1. Reinforcements are placed in any friendly city
4. All Units may move through Cities at the road a player wishes in his home country.
movement rate but only if they enter and leave
the City by road squares. Otherwise, travel 2. Reinforcement Units may not be stacked more
through Cities is done at the normal movement than 12 factors high when placed on the board.
rate.
3. Reinforcements may be placed on board at any
12.0 - RIVERS time during a player's Turn prior to the combat
portion of his Turn. They may be moved and
Rivers incur no delay to movement. Travel along used in combat in the Turn of arrival.
or across rivers is the same as over clear terrain.
18.0 - AIRBORNE INFANTRY & AIR ASSAULT
13.0 - FORESTS UNITS

Armor and Break-through Artillery Units may not Airborne Units may be "flown", that is - they may
enter forest squares. They may, however, attack be picked up from any friendly city square and
Units that are in the forest. All other Units travel "dropped" on any land square up to 20 squares
at the reduced rate of one square per Turn in the away. They may not, however, land next to
forest. Units must stop when they reach a forest enemy Units. They may move after they land.
square and may not proceed until the next Turn. They may also move part of their Turn's move-
Units leave forest squares at the normal ment rate before flying out of the City and part
movement rate. after they land. NOTE: The flight is in addition to
6
 1965 Rules
the normal movement capability and does not STEP 4: Red places all his remaining starting
affect their movement rate for that Turn. Units on the board.

19.0 - HOW TO RESOLVE BATTLES STEP 5: Play proceeds as in the Basic Game.

Use the Attrition Table headed BASIC GAME, 2.3 SUBSTITUTE COUNTERS
only.
Each player may break larger Units down into
STEP 1: Reduce battle odds to basic odds shown smaller Substitute Units at anytime, before and
on the Attrition Table. To do this simply divide after combat.
the defender's Combat Factor into the attacker's
Combat Factor and round off any fraction in favor 7.2 - COMBAT
of the defender. Examples:16 to 9 converts to 1
to 1; 14 to 6 is 2 to 1; 4 to 15 is 1 to 4; etc. In the Tournament Game Units engage in combat
battle exactly as in the Basic Game. The results,
STEP 2: The die is rolled once for each attack by however, are rolled on the Tournament Attrition
the attacker. Table instead of the Basic Table. The Attrition
Table provides for partial elimination of defending
STEP 3: The die roll is matched up with the basic and attacking Units rather than total annihilation.
odds to get the result of the attack. Example: a The details are explained below in the table itself.
3 to 1 attack with a die roll of 3 means that the
defender is pushed back 2 squares. 5.0 - HOW TO WIN

BATTLE MANUAL A player wins if he either: (1) eliminates all of his

opponent’s Units or: (2) occupies all of his
You have finished the rules to the Basic opponent’s home country cities for a single com-
Game. Examples of play and a commentary on plete turn. There is no time limit and play
strategy are included in the Battle Manual. The continues until one of the above victory
Battle Manual also contains complete instructions conditions is met (or exhaustion sets in).
for the Tournament Game which adds greater
realism and depth to the play of Blitzkrieg. 7.3 - AUTOMATIC VICTORY

As soon as enough attacking Units are in combat

TOURNAMENT GAME against a defending Unit to create an automatic

elimination situation (7 to 1 normal or 5 to 1
surrounded) that defending Unit’s zone of control
is immediately ignored for the remainder of the
All Basic Game rules apply except where attacker’s Turn. Therefore Units not yet moved
indicated in the following: by the attacker may move through and beyond
that defending Unit’s adjacent squares.
3.0 - PREPARE FOR PLAY Attacking Units may even move over the de-
fending Unit itself and stop on top of it. The
STEP 1: Units are placed on the Order of defending Unit remains in play but is turned
Appearance cards in the same manner as in the upside down; then removed when the attacker is
basic game. The only difference is that in the ready to resolve all battles.
tournament version, Rangers and Air Force Units
(except Fighters) are included. 6.1 - SEA MOVEMENT

STEP 2: Red places Units he wishes to start At 1. All Units except Aircraft are allowed to be At
Sea in any of the 5 At Sea boxes. (Consult Sea Sea. Each player is allowed to have up to 40
Movement section.) factors At Sea at any one time.

STEP 3: Blue places all of his starting Units on 2. Units may move into a port city and out to sea
the board, including Units At Sea. in the same Turn.

7
 1965 Rules
3. The mapboard is divided into 5 sea zones, A squares colored yellow, hereafter called Beach
through E. Units moving out to sea are placed in Squares.
the At Sea box in the sea zone of the port they
left through. 2. All Units except Aircraft, Armor and
Breakthrough Artillery may conduct beach
4. On any subsequent Turn following placement invasions.
At Sea, Units may do any of the following:
3. Invasion procedure is as follows:
(a) land at a friendly port city of the sea zone
they are in (including the port they embarked (1) Transfer desired Units from the At Sea box to
from on the previous Turn), Sea Squares that are adjacent to the Beach
Squares under assault.
(b) land at a friendly port city of an adjacent sea
zone (Zone A is adjacent only to Zone B, not E; (2) The assaulting Units on Sea Squares that are
Zone B is adjacent to both A and C; etc.), adjacent to vacant Beach Squares may be moved
onto such vacant squares at player’s option-even
(c) move into an adjacent sea zone but remain At if such movement places assaulting Units
Sea, adjacent to enemy Units.

(d) remain in the same sea zone, (3) Conduct combat in the usual manner after
which victorious Units must be moved onto the
(e) conduct a beach landing (see Invasion Beach Squares vacated by the losing defending
section.) Units.

5. In any one Turn Units At Sea can move no 4. Invasions can be made only against Beaches
farther than into an adjacent sea zone. Thus it that are adjacent to or in the same sea zone
would take 4 Turns for Units to sail from Zone A where the invading Units have been At Sea.
to Zone E.
5. A player is not allowed to invade the same
6. Units may remain At Sea indefinitely. beach that his opponent just invaded in his Turn;
except when opponent invades with Rangers,
7. The return to land at a port or beach square only.
counts the same as one clear terrain square
move off the movement rate. 6. No Units can embark from a land square and
invade in the same Turn. Units must be At Sea
8. Units may move inland in the same Turn that for at least one Turn before invading.
they return to land.
7. Units assaulting from Sea Squares must attack
9. A player is allowed to have Units in more than all adjacent enemy Units on land squares - even
one sea zone at a time; however, the total those that are not on Beach Squares.
number of Units At Sea cannot exceed 40 factors.
8. Assaulting Units on Sea Squares cannot
10. Opposing player's Units are allowed in the exceed the 12-factor stacking maximum per
same sea zones simultaneously. square.

11. No sea movement is allowed across the 9. Units defending on Beach Squares can be
Lakes. attacked in combination from both Sea Squares
and Land Squares. Thus Units already on land
6.2 - INVASIONS can be moved adjacent to enemy Units in support
of the invasion attacks.
Each player is allowed to invade just one beach
per Turn. Invasions may be conducted on every 10. Two or more assaulting Units on the same
Turn if desired: Sea Square may divide attacks into more than
one battle. However. assaults against two or
1. Invasions are conducted only against coastal more defending Units on the same coastal
8
 1965 Rules
squares must be resolved as one battle. 21.0 - SUPPLY

11. Assaulting Units on Sea Squares that are 1. A player can supply Units totaling 12 combat
required to retreat or have no place to go after factors for each city square he controls: a 2-
combat has been resolved are eliminated instead. square city naturally can supply 24 combat fac-
tors; a 3-square city can supply 36 combat
12. Assaulting Units that are unopposed may factors.
move directly inland up to their movement rate in
the invasion Turn. Movement onto a Beach 2. Aircraft Units are supplied according to combat
Square counts the same as one clear terrain factors in the same manner as ground Units.
square move off the movement rate. The road Supply for Artillery is based on their defense
bonus cannot be taken by invading Units on the factors.
invasion Turn.
3. If a player has more factors than he can
13. The entire coastal area of the Great Koufax supply, he has one turn in which to capture
Desert can be used for invasion purposes. enough additional supply cities. If he cannot
bring supply back into balance he must eliminate
6. 3 - AIR TRANSPORT those Units of his choice necessary to bring
supply back into balance. Units At Sea are also
Both sides have a limited air transport capability subject to the supply restriction.
as follows:
4. The supply requirements double for Units in
1. All Units up to a maximum of 12 factors per the Great Koufax Desert. For example, Units in
Turn may be transported by air. The maximum the desert totaling 12 combat factors must be
for Artillery is based on their defense factors. treated the same as if they totaled 24 factors.
Thus it would take two city squares to supply 12
2. Units may be flown any distance on board factors of Units in the desert.
from any friendly city to any other friendly city in
the same Turn. 22.0 - MINOR COUNTRIES

3. Landing on the city square is counted as one 1. All Units may cross borders without incurring
clear terrain square move off the movement rate. any movement delay.

4. Units may move to a take-off city, be air- 2. Units may not pass through cities of minor
transported to another city, and moved overland countries until they have been captured.
up to the limits of their movement factor-all in
the same Turn. 3. To capture a city, one moves his Units
adjacent to the city then totals up the attacking
5. No Units, Airborne or otherwise, may take off factors and refers to the City Capture Table.
from any square other than a friendly city
square. [CITY CAPTURE TABLE on page 18]

20.0 - RANGERS 4. Minor cities have no zones of control thus

Units may pass next to an uncaptured minor city
Rangers are treated as normal infantry except without stopping.
that they have the ability to invade any coast
square instead of just beach squares. Rangers 5. The first player to cross a border into a minor
may invade as often as desired subject to the country is considered in violation of a treaty and
one invasion per Turn rule. Rangers assault coast is met with minor opposition. This opposition is
squares in the same manner as infantry invades reflected in the following rule: The violator loses
beaches. Like infantry, Rangers may not use road 2 factors per Turn for each Turn he has Units in
bonus on the invasion Turns. the country. The 2 factors must come only from
Units in that country-the exact Units to be
eliminated are chosen at the violator's option at
the end of his Turn. If Units simply pass through,
9
 1965 Rules
or over by air, the violator must eliminate 2 the ground Units before the Aircraft Units become
factors also. eliminated. Partial elimination of such friendly
ground Units causes no losses to the Aircraft
6. A minor country becomes de-violated in two Units.
ways:
5. The Aircraft Units remain stationary in their
(1) when one player captures all cities within said base cities until the end of the ground Units’
country. In this event, the violator no longer movement portion of the Turn. They can then be
suffers the 2 factor per Turn loss. Instead, the moved to the squares they wish to attack.
country becomes an occupied country and all
cities therein become friendly. Such friendly cities 6. After all combat has been resolved, the
can then be used for the usual supply, air Aircraft Units must either be returned to the
transport, and sea movement purposes. cities they flew from or placed on any friendly
city within range of the attacked square. All
(2) when the opposing player also crosses into Aircraft Units must be in a friendly city at the end
the same minor country. In this event, neither of the player's Turn. or instance, the 14th TAC (8
player suffers the 2 factor per Turn loss. square range) may fly from U-11 to attack Units
on U-19, and then end its Turn by flying to S-25.
7. The "violated” status of a minor country can
occur only once per game, regardless of the 7. Units may not fly to targets further than their
number of times its borders are crossed. range regardless of how close the distance from
target to landing city might be.
8. Once a minor country becomes completely
occupied it can never revert to the status of a 8. Aircraft Units that have not attacked in a
minor country, even if it becomes evacuated by particular Turn may move to any friendly city
occupying forces for some reason or other. If anywhere on board regardless of range.
evacuated, an opposing side may occupy part or
all of it with that country automatically becoming 9. An unlimited number of aircraft Units may be
friendly to the occupying forces. in the air over a single square.

23.0 - AIR POWER 10. Aircraft Units may attack during every Turn if
so desired.
There are 3 basic types of offensive Air Power:
23.1 - TACTICAL (Assisted by Ground Units)
TAC (Tactical Fighter Bombers) - 8 square range.
MDM (Medium Bombers) - 10 square range. 1. Only MDM and TAC may make Tactical air
SAC (Strategic Heavy Bombers) - 20 square range. attacks.

1. The target range of all aircraft is shown by the 2. The attacker simply adds the tactical air
movement factor. factors to his ground attack and rolls it as one
battle. As in ground combat each player may
2. At the start of the game, players may place decide which Units he wishes to lose if he suffers
Aircraft Units on any friendly cities within their losses. Thus the attacker may absorb his land
own country they choose. battle loss in air Units if he so chooses.

3. Aircraft Units can be stacked no more than 12 3. Units that would normally be doubled behind a
air factors per city square. The stacking of air river have basic defense factors when Tactical air
factors is over and above the 12 factor stacking take part in the attack.
limit of ground Units in a city square.
23.2 - STRATEGIC (Unassisted by Ground
4. Aircraft Units have no zone of control and are Units)
eliminated automatically if attacked by enemy
ground Units. If there are friendly ground Units in 1. Only SAC and MDM may make strategic
the city square that also contains Aircraft Units attacks.
then the enemy must eliminate or retreat all of
10
 1965 Rules
2. Enemy Units being attacked in a strategic air 23.0 – AIRPOWER
strike may not be attacked by ground Units in the
same Turn. 1. When employing this rule, include the fighters
in the original set-up.
3. All such combat is rolled on the Strategic Air
Table. 2. Fighters are based, moved and supplied in the
same manner as other types of aircraft.
4. Retreating Units may not pass through a
square being attacked by strategic air. If they are 3. Fighters may not attack ground units.
forced to, they are eliminated instead.
4. Fighters may escort bombers to their targets if
5. Strategic Air attacks may not be made against the targets are within the fighters’ range.
vacant squares.
5. The escorting fighters are moved at the same
[STRATEGIC AIR ATTACK TABLE on page 18] time the bombers are moved.

23.3 - STRATEGIC BOMBING OF CITIES 6. Unlike any other type of aircraft, fighters may
intercept. (i.e. move during opponent’s turn,
Both sides may strategically bomb opponent’s after opponent has finished moving his units.)
cities to reduce their opponent’s supply capacity.
The city square being attacked automatically 7. Intercepting fighters are moved to the squares
loses one supply factor for every bomber factor containing the enemy aircraft (provided the
employed against that city square. Thus if 12 squares are within range of the fighters' base
bomber factors attack a single city square, that city). Combat is resolved after which the
city's supply capacity is reduced to zero for that surviving fighters are returned to the base cities
turn and for the next 3 consecutive turns. And if in the same manner as are the opponent's
5 bomber factors attack, the city's supply bombers.
capacity is reduced to 7 for that turn and 3
subsequent turns, etc. Bombers that are used in 8. Fighter Combat is resolved first-before any
this manner cannot be employed against any other battles are resolved.
other targets in that same turn.
9. Fighters may escort on their part of the turn
17.1 – REPLACEMENTS and intercept on their opponents’ turn.

Both players have a replacement capacity. 10. There is no limit to the number of Turns
Beginning on the 5th Turn and continuing for fighters can be used - fighters can be employed
every Turn thereafter each player receives 4 as both escorts and interceptors every turn at
replacement factors per Turn. Replacement player’s option.
factors may be any type or types of Units subject
to the number actually available in the game. NOTE: The fighter interception rule is an
Neither side may have more than 16 SAC and 12 exception to the normal Avalon Hill ruling that
Airborne Infantry factors on board at any time. prohibits a player from moving his units during
Replacements are taken only from the dead pile the other player's Turn.
and are placed on board exactly as are
reinforcements. Replacement factors may be 23.6 - FIGHTER COMBAT (INTERCEPTION)
accumulated from Turn to Turn.
AGAINST UNESCORTED BOMBERS:

OPTIONAL RULES a. Bombers lose one factor for every two factors
of fighters intercepting. (Whenever an odd
Optional Rules may or may not be added at number of fighters intercept the factors are
your discretion. They add additional realism rounded off in favor of the bombers.)
and complexity for the player who thrives
on handling many complicated variables b. The fighters incur no losses when attacking
inherent in true-to-life battle situations. unescorted bombers.
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 1965 Rules
it to go around a blocking enemy Unit. The same
c. The bombers incur losses before resolving road may supply an unlimited number of Units
strategic or tactical combat. subject to the supply capacity restrictions.

AGAINST ESCORTED BOMBERS: 2. Units invading a beach may trace a supply

route to any one or more squares of the beach,
a. Intercepting fighters must fight the escorting out to sea and into a friendly port any distance
fighters with at least an equal number of fighters. away. A maximum of 40 factors may be supplied
In this event, odds would be 1 to 1. Results are through an invaded beach. The beach may be
resolved on the Fighter vs. Fighter Table. If there used as a supply line continually until the
are more escorting fighters than intercepting opponent invades the same beach or places the
fighters, then all of the interceptors must fight entire beach under his zone of control.
the escorts at odds less than 1 to 1. Intercepting
fighters may use more than an equal number if 3. A supply line may also be traced to a friendly
they so desire in order to obtain odds better than port, out to sea, into another friendly port any
1 to 1 against enemy fighters. However, the distance away and to the city being used for
intercepting player may divert all interceptors in supply.
excess of the necessary number required for the
1 to 1 attack, and use them against bombers. 24.0 – WEATHER

b. All intercepting fighters not being used against At the beginning of every complete Turn, the
escorting fighters may attack the bombers using Blue player rolls on the following table [WEATHER
the same method as described in attacks on TABLE on page 19] to determine the weather for
unescorted bombers. (above.) the entire turn.

c. Intercepting fighters being used against 23.5 - NUCLEAR CAPACITY

escorting fighters may not fight against bombers
in that same Turn. 1. Both sides may launch up to 1 nuclear attack
per turn.
[FIGHTER VS FIGHTER TABLE on page 19]
2. Such an attack is delivered by a single SAC
23.4 - AIR INTERDICTION factor (fighters may accompany).

Strategic bombers may attack unoccupied 3. No friendly units may be next to the square
squares. However, they must attack the squares being attacked nor may friendly units advance
with at least 4 factors of bombers (that is, there next to the attacked square.
must be 4 bomber factors remaining after
intercepting fighters have attacked-otherwise, 4. A Nuclear attack is resolved on the following
such bomber attack has absolutely no effect). table: [NUCLEAR CAPACITY TABLE on page 18]
Enemy troops may not retreat through a square
that is being attacked by bombers. Strategic *Other units may not move through the square
bombers attacking an unoccupied square have no for one complete turn.
zone of control except the square that they are
placed on. Thus enemy units, that might be The Defender has the choice of which factors are
retreating, may move adjacent to and beyond the to be eliminated.
square containing strategic bombers without
stopping. 23.7 - SEA BASED AIRCRAFT

21.1 – SUPPLY 1. Both players are allowed to have up to a

maximum of 4 factors in aircraft Units at sea
1. A player must be able to trace a supply route during any one turn. Such aircraft units may be
one square wide, untouched by enemy zones of either TAC or FTR Units.
control, a maximum of 10 square to a road then
along the road any distance to a friendly city. 2. Aircraft Units going to sea must first be flown
Once the route reaches the road it may not leave to a port city in one turn, and then moved to the
12
 1965 Rules
At Sea box of the same sea zone on the following 7. The 4 factors of aircraft Units are over and
turn. above the 40 factor maximum of ground Units
that can be kept at sea.
3. The turn after the aircraft are placed At Sea
flight operations may be conducted. 8. Aircraft Units at sea need not be all of one
type and need not all be in the same sea zone.
4. Flight operations may be conducted only if the However, the total in all zones cannot exceed 4
aircraft do not change sea zones. They move at factors.
sea in the same manner as ground Units are
moved and are landed in ports the same manner. 9. Fighters at sea may escort and intercept in the
usual manner.
5. Flight operations are conducted in the exact
same manner as for ground based aircraft except SEND STAMPED ENVELOPE
that their range may be counted from any sea
square in the sea zone currently containing such General information and inquiries will be
aircraft. answered upon receipt of a self-addressed
envelope containing current first class postage.
6. Such “carrier” based planes returning from an Please keep such correspondence separate from
attack may not land in a different sea zone from mail orders. Address all correspondence to: The
their take-off zone but may land in a friendly Avalon Hill Company, Baltimore, Maryland. [Note
base city that is within range of the attacked the pre-ZIP code day address, you’d have better
square. luck addressing to Santa now – you might get an
answer.]

13
 1965 Rules

DIAGRAMS OF PLAY

All 3 Blue Units are moved into Red’s zone of control. Notice that Blue 19th
circled square B to gain an attack position that would leave Red 14 th
completely surrounded by Blue’s zone of control. This means that Red 14th
would be eliminated even it the Attrition Table calls for a “back 2.”
However, had Blue 19th stopped at square B instead, then Red 14th would
have a retreat route through square D which would be the only one not
under Blue’s zone of control.

Blue’s Unit is not allowed to move directly from square F to square E. It may enter
square E only by pulling out of Red’s zone of control altogether and then re-
entering by an uncontrolled square, square X in this case.

Blue is attacking 2 of Red’s armored divisions. He is accepting poor

odds on the GD division to get 3-1 surrounded on the 4th Armored.

Blue is attacking Red’s position on two

mountain squares. Red 17th is being
attacked by Blue 5th, 14th and 4th armored
divisions at 2 to 1. Red 16th is being
attacked by Blue 1st SAC. After combat
the SAC Unit chooses to fly to city V20.
Note that Red 17th may retreat along the
indicated route because the SAC Unit has
no zone of control.

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 1965 Rules

Blue is attacking Red 26 with his 16th and 12th armored. Note that the 12th was flown and “parachuted”
into square A and then moved into the attack. Also, Blue’s 3 artillery Units are attacking Red’s 24 th, 25th
and 31st divisions across a river at 1 to 1 odds.

Blue is attacking Red 15th at 2 to 1 with his 5, 6, and 8 divisions. Note that the 8th division is on a sea
square and must be able to advance after combat – otherwise it becomes automatically eliminated. Red
35th is being attacked by Blue 30th and “2” Rangers. Note that the Rangers landed to the right of the
beach and helped surround the 35th. Since the Blue 7th did not enter an enemy zone of control, it moved
inland. It must end its turn at square BB27 because invading Units are not allowed to employ their road
bonus in the invasion Turn.

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 1965 Rules

COMMENTARY ON STRATEGY
SITUATION: preclude any major advances by Blue. Red,
however, may see an important sector that Blue
Both major countries have an army that is has neglected to protect. In this event, Red
generally similar at the start of play. These should immediately take the offensive and
countries are separated by five minor countries, neglect Blue's initial advances. Sometimes the
all of which have token armies not included in the best defense is a good offense.
game itself. These “armies” are reflected in the
border-crossing rule. Remember, you need to occupy your opponent’s
cities or eliminate him to win. Cutting his supply
The terrain which plays the major role is that line is often a very practical method of accom-
found on the center section of the three-section plishing both objectives.
mapboard. Lake Pinsky and the mountains to the
north divide the routes of advance into three TACTICAL HINTS:
channels. The major fighting will occur in these
three channels. Protect your Aircraft Units at all costs. Those near
the front should be well garrisoned. Front lines
Both sides have the same number of city squares should be well screened against Paratroop attack
in their home country; however, Red has access in the rear and Ranger attack from the coasts.
to more minor country cities than does Blue. On Remember, also, that you can re-invade a beach
the other hand, Blue gets to make the first move with just one combat factor per Turn, thereby
of the game. preventing your opponent from landing on that
beach in his Turn.
BASIC STRATEGY:
It should be stated here that BLITZKRIEG, with
Blue moves first and as such is offered the first its almost unlimited number of play variables, is
opportunity to take the initiative. Since there is considered by consumer test panel members to
usually no contact with enemy forces on the first be the most well balanced game in the line.
move, Blue must take the initiative with troop Judicious employment of Aircraft often turns the
movement. Such commitment of his troops will tide from seeming hopelessness to victory.
determine the sector where the major fighting in Among other things, the play of BLITZKRIEG
the early stages will occur. This sector, thus, quite dramatically convinces the amateur
should be as far away as possible from areas Red militarist of the great importance that must be
has used for his initial placement of troops. placed on air power in any armed conflict.

Red is thereby forced to send sufficient number THE AVALON HILL COMPANY
of troops into the Blue threatened areas to

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 1965 Rules
21.1
Question: What happens to Units that do not have a supply
Appendix route as outlined in the Optional Rules?
Answer: Such Units have one turn to open up a supply route,
or they become automatically eliminated.
The following is a series of questions and
answers dealing with unusual situations that 22.0
occur from time to time. [The questions have been Question: Must an entire minor country be subdued in order
rearranged into a sequence by reference paragraph.] to receive supplies for the conquered cities?
Answer: Yes.
6.1
Question: Can you attack enemy units At Sea? 22.0
Anwer: No! Question: If all the cities in a minor country fall on the turn it
is first violated, does the violator still lose 2 factors?
6.2 Answer: No.
Question: Can you invade on the very first turn?
Answer: Yes. 23.0
Question: Can planes fly out of a city they are being
6.2/20.0 Strategically attacked?
Question: May units that have invaded a beach withdraw Answer: Only FTRS may fly during the enemies turn.
through that beach on a subsequent turn?
Answer: Only if the units are Ranger units. 23.0
Question: Can planes fly out of a city which is in an enemy
7.3 zone of control?
Question: May Aircraft be used to achieve automatic victory? Answer: Yes, but they may not land in a city in an enemy
Answer: Yes, however if during the battle portion of the turn zone of control.
enemy Fighters reduce the odds below automatic victory
conditions, then all of the Units that moved adjacent to or 23.0
over the intended AV victims are eliminated. This applies even Question: Can you place 12 Aircraft factors in a city that has
if intended AV victims are subsequently eliminated. had its supply capacity reduced?
Answer: No. Aircraft based in a city cannot exceed that city's
10.0 current supply capacity.
Question: Can paratroops and other airmobile troops leave
from a two or three square city even if one of the city squares 23.2/23.5
is an enemy zone of control? Question: May a Strategic attack be made on the same
Answer: Yes, this applies to units leaving 2 and 3 square square as a nuclear attack in the same turn?
ports also. Answer: Yes, the attacker determines the order he wishes to
roll the attacks.
10.0
Question: May a player land aircraft in a city that he has just 23.3
captured and may units at sea land in a port that has just Question: Can occupied cities be bombed to destroy supply
been captured? capacity?
Answer: No, you cannot capture and use a city in the same Answer: Yes, but the units in the city must be “soaked-off”
turn. against.

23.3
11.0
Question: Suppose a friendly city contains 12 Ground units
Question: If a unit uses two unconnected roads in its move,
and 12 Aircraft units and the enemy “bombs” it thus reducing
may it carry over uncompleted fractions of road moves from
its supply capacity by, say 5 factors. What happens to the
one move to another?
Units in the city?
Answer: Yes.
Answer: The 12 Ground Units remain. But you must
eliminate Aircraft Units equaling the number of supply factors
18.0
reduced, 5 in this case.
Question: Can Paratroops be split before flying and can a 1-4
paratrooper jump alone?
23.5
Answer: Yes.
Question: Does a Nuclear attack destroy the supply capacity
of a city?
19.1
Answer: Yes, just the same as if it was totally destroyed by a
Question: Are defenders in cities or mountains doubled
normal Strategic air attack.
against strategic air attack?
Answer: Yes.
23.5/23.4
Question: May a Nuclear attack be used as an interdiction
attack instead of the 4 SAC factors normally required for an
interdiction?
Answer: Yes.

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 1965 Rules

Charts and Tables

22 -- CITY CAPTURE TABLE 23.5 -- NUCLEAR CAPACITY TABLE
Die Factors Attacking Die
Result
Roll 4-7 8-11 12-15 16-19 20-23 24+ Roll
1 2 2 2 1 -* -* 1 2 factors destroyed.
2 3 3* 3* 2* 1* -* 2 *4 factors destroyed, remaining units
3 4* 4* 3* 3* 2* 1* may not move in that turn.
4 5 4 4* 4* 3* 2* 3 *1/2 of the factors destroyed,
5 6 6 5* 4* 4* 3* remaining units may not move in that
6 7 8 6 5* 5* 4* turn.
4 *1/2 of the factors destroyed,
Attack can be made with Aircraft (Bombers only) remaining units may not move in that
Units in support ground Units. Cities cannot be turn.
attacked by less than 4 ground Unit factors. An 5 *Defender eliminated.
asterisk (*) indicates that the city is captured; 6 *Defender eliminated.
each number represents the number of factors
the attacker must eliminate. Eliminated factors *Other units may not move through the
can be either ground or aircraft, or both. City square for one complete turn.
under attack is not captured unless signified by
the asterisk. Surviving attacking Units have the The Defender has the choice of which factors
option to advance into the city after capture. are to be eliminated.

23.2 -- STRATEGIC AIR ATTACK

Die Odds
Roll 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
1 E -- E -- 2 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 2 -- 2 -- 2 -- 2
2 E -- E -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 4 -- E
3 E -- E -- 2 -- 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 -- 5 -- E -- E
4 E -- E -- E 1 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 5 2 6 2 6 1 E -- E
5 E -- E 1 E 1 3 1 2 2 2 4 1 6 1 7 1 E 1 E 1 E
6 E 1 E 2 E 2 E 2 2 3 1 5 1 8 -- E -- E -- E -- E

Odds worse than 1-6 are not allowed: odds greater than 6-1 are considered automatic elimination for
ground Units with no loss to Aircraft Units.

Procedure is similar to that of the Attrition Table; Bomber losses are shown in bold face and ground Unit losses are
in light face type. Example: on a die roll of 4 under 3-1 odds, 2 factors are lost from Bomber Units and 6 factors
are lost from defending ground Units. "E" means that the entire forces engaged are eliminated.

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 1965 Rules

23.6 -- FIGHTER VS FIGHTER TABLE

Die Odds
Roll 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
1 1 1 1 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 1 -- 1
2 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- 2 -- 2
3 2 -- 2 - 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- 2 -- 2 -- 2
4 2 -- 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 -- 2
5 2 -- 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 -- 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
6 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 -- -- 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

The attacker is the player with the Bombers. Fighters attacked at odds greater than 6 to
1 are automatically eliminated with no loss to attacking fighters - fighters attacking at
worse than 1 to 6 odds are automatically eliminated with no loss to defending fighters.

Procedure is similar to that of the Attrition Table; attacker’s losses are shown in bold face and
defender’s losses are shown in light face type. Example: on a die roll of 5 under 2-1 odds, the
attacker losses 1 Fighter factor and the defender losses 2 fighter factors.

24 -- WEATHER TABLE
Die Turn
Roll 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20
1 CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR
Only Units on Roads
may move. No off
2 CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR
the Road movement
allowed.
All units at sea No Invasions
3 CLEAR must land. No units CLEAR allowed.
may go to sea
All rivers frozen and
No units may go to All Units reduced 1
do not double Units No Airborne drops
4 sea. Units at sea movement factor Air
defending behind allowed.
may land Units unaffected
them
No air operation
All Units on No movement to sea
over the desert. Air No air operations
5 mountain squares - no Units at sea can
Units may not fly allowed
may not move land.
over desert squares
All ground Units
All Units except reduced 2
No air operations armor reduced 2 movement factors.
6 No invasions allowed
over seas or lake movement factors - Air Units not
air Units may not fly affected

19
 1965 Rules

BASIC GAME ATTRITION TABLE

Die Odds
Roll 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
1 AB2 AB2 AB2 AB2 DB2 DB2 DE DE DE DE DE
2 AE AB2 AB2 AB2 EX EX EX EX EX DB2 DB2
3 AE AE AB2 AB2 AB2 DB2 DB2 DB2 DB2 DE DE
4 AE AE AE AB2 AB2 DB2 DB2 DB2 DB2 DB2 DE
5 AE AE AE AE AE AB2 EX EX DE DE DE
6 AE AE AE AE AE AE AB2 DE DE DE DE

AB2 = Attacker Back 2, AE = Attacker Eliminated, EX = Exchange, DE = Defender Eliminated, DB2 = Defender Back 2.

Odds worse than 1-6 are not allowed. Odds greater than 6-1 are considered D Eliminated.

EXPLANATION OF BASIC GAME ATTRITION RESULTS

ELIMINATED: All losing Units are eliminated from the board. “A” applies to all attacking Units and “D” applies to all defending
Units. The winner, attacker or defender, has the option to move up to 12 factors of victorious Units onto the loser’s vacated square.

BACK 2: The loser retreats his Units 2 full squares. The loser may retreat his Units in any direction through friendly Units, across
rivers, through mountains, forests, cities and the desert. Retreats along roads and through forests is done as if they are clear terrain
squares. nits cannot retreat through enemy zones of control, off the board, into sea or lake, into the neutral country or placed on
friendly Units that would result in stacks exceeding 12-factor maximum. Thus retreating Units are eliminated, instead, if the only
available retreat route is through these areas. The winner had the option to move onto the loser’s square.

EXCHANGE: The defender removes all of his Units – the attacker removes a number of Units whose combined combat factors total
at least that of those removed by the defender. Sometimes an exchange of combat factors does not work out even-up in which event
the attacker may have to remove Units whose combined factors total more than those removed by the defender. Combat factors are
computed at value accrued according to terrain. Example: if the 15 th Infantry Division, whose combat factor is 4, is defending in a
city the attacker must remove 8 (see line 4 of defensive terrain chart below.) The attacker has the option to move surviving Units, if
any, onto the defender’s vacated square.

HOW DIFFERENT TERRAIN AFFECTS COMBAT FACTORS ON DEFENSE

DEFENDING UNITS ARE ON: ATTACKING UNITS ARE ON: DEFENSE FACTORS ARE:
1. Clear terrain squares Any non-river clear terrain,
Basic
Forest squares River Squares City, road, and forest squares
2. Clear terrain squares
River squares Doubled
Forest squares (a)
3. Clear terrain squares River and non-river
Basic
Forest squares Squares in combination
4. City squares (b)
Any other square Doubled
5. Mountain squares (b) All squares including
Doubled
Adjacent mountain squares
6. River squares
River squares of same river Basic
7. River squares
River squares of different river Doubled
8. Non-city coastal squares
Sea squares Basic
Beach squares

(a) If a Unit is attacked from the end of a river, its defense factor stills doubles.
(b) The defense factor of Units defending in these areas remains doubled, not tripled, when attacked from rive squares also.

IMPORTANT: The presence of roads does not alter any of the above situations.

20
 1965 Rules

TOURNAMENT GAME ATTRITION TABLE

Odds
1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
ATTACKER 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 3 - 3 - 4
1
DEFENDER - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5
ATTACKER 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 1
2
DEFENDER - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 2 1 2 2
ATTACKER 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 2 - 3
3
DEFENDER - 2 - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
ATTACKER 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 - 2 1 - - 2
4
DEFENDER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 3
ATTACKER 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 2 - 1 - 3
5
DEFENDER - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 3 3 2 2 2 4
ATTACKER 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 4
6
DEFENDER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 5

ADVANCE OR RETREAT
ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT

ADVANCE OR RETREAT
FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED

FACTORS ELIMINATED
Die Roll

Odds worse than 1-6 are not allowed. Odds greater than 6-1 are considered D elim (attacker advance 4)

EXPLANATION OF TOURNAMENT GAME ATTRITION RESULTS

FACTORS LOST: The loser has the choice of which Units are to be eliminated. Substitute Units are used to replace Units that are
partially eliminated. Example: under 4-1 with a die roll of 5 the defender must lose 3 factors. Thus a 6-factor Unit is removed and
replaced by Units whose combat factors total 3. Each partially eliminated Unit must be replaced by its own type: armor for armor,
infantry for infantry, etc. Also in this example the attacker must eliminate 1 factor in the same manner. In cases where the table
specifies losses greater than Units engaged, only the Units engaged are eliminated.

RETREAT: The loser must retreat all surviving Units the full number of squares specified. This number is printed in bold face.
Example: in the 4-1, 5-die roll situation, the defender retreats all surviving Units 3 squares. The retreat restrictions are exactly the
same as in the basic game.

ADVANCE: After losing Units have been retreated, the opponent has the option to advance all remaining victorious Units up to the
number of squares specified. In the above 4-1 example, the attacker has his choice of moving some or all of his surviving Units 0, 1,
or 2 squares. Units may advance in any direction according to the following restrictions: (a) the first square of advance must be the
loser’s vacated square and (b) advancing Units must stop as soon as they land on an enemy controlled square. Units that advance
adjacent to enemy Units whose battles have not been resolved cannot participate in such battles... however, their presence does
serve to cut off retreat routes. In the even retreating Units must be eliminated, because retreat routes are blocked, the winner may
advance his Units the full number of squares specified.

EXAMPLE: Here’s what happens when the Guards Armored Division attacks the 15th Infantry Division at 2 to 1 with a die roll of 1:

Attacker does not lose Attacker has option to

Any combat factors move the Guards Division
up to 2 squares

-- 2

2 3
Defender loses 2 factors. Defender Defender must retreat Substitute Units
must replace the 15th with Substitute 3 full squares. Notice that the
Units totaling 2 factors. retreat number is in bold face.

21