PTE APEUni March Prediction

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PTE Prediction: 1 Mar ~ 31 Mar (1/3 update)
APEUni PTE Monthly

Prediction
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A. Speaking 42
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Read Aloud 42
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1. Dynamics (New) (Prediction) 42
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2. sleep behavior (Prediction) (Incomplete) 42
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3. Summary and Abstract (Prediction) 42
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4. Deaf Children (Prediction) 42
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5. Drug Overdose Deaths (Prediction) 42
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6. European Wildcats (Prediction) 42
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7. X-ray (Prediction) 43
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8. Aromatic Substance (Prediction) 43
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9. Barley Grains (Prediction) 43
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10. Hydrogen Fuel (Prediction) 43
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11. Organic Molecules (Prediction) 43
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12. Injury or Disease (Prediction) 43
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13. Thermometer (Prediction) 43
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14. Protein Tau (Prediction) 44
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15. Effects of Alcohol (Prediction) 44
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16. Stretchable System (Prediction) 44
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17. Natural Networks (Prediction) 44
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18. Black Hole (Prediction) 44
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19. Smellicopter (Prediction) 44
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20. Electric Current (Prediction) 44
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21. Planet Nine (Prediction) 44
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22. Superhighway Network (Prediction) 45
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23. Burial (Prediction) 45
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24. Mice (Prediction) 45
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25. Memory Coding (Prediction) 45
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26. Statistical Information (B) (Prediction) 45
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27. Chasing the Flame (Prediction) 45
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28. Problem of Funding (Prediction) 45
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29. Moon (Prediction) 46
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30. US Market (Prediction) 46
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31. Madagascar (Prediction) (Shadowing) 46
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32. Disease Model (Prediction) 46
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33. Self-motivation (Prediction) (Shadowing) 46
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34. USA Uniforms (Prediction) (Shadowing) 46
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35. Electricity Discoveries (Prediction) 46
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36. Thesis (B) (Prediction) 47
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36. Thesis (B) (Prediction) 47
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37. Telecommunication (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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38. Negative Immigration (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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39. Different Dimensions (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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40. Starry Night (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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41. Market Research (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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42. Microscopic Invaders (Prediction) (Shadowing) 47
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43. Credit Unions (Prediction) (Shadowing) 48
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44. Legal System (Prediction) (Shadowing) 48
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45. Useful Resource (Prediction) (Shadowing) 48
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46. Closure Activities (Prediction) (Shadowing) 48
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47. Language Acquisition (Prediction) 48
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48. Zoom (Prediction) 48
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49. Critical Protein (Prediction) 48
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50. Child-deliverying (Prediction) 49
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51. Sake Yeast (Prediction) 49
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52. Stone Tools (Prediction) 49
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53. Brain Scans (Prediction) 49
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54. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction) 49
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55. Cosmic Rays (Prediction) 49
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56. Immune System (Prediction) 49
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57. Civil War (Prediction) 50
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58. Executive Order (Prediction) 50
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59. Economies of Scale (Prediction) 50
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60. High Quality of Life (Prediction) 50
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61. Scientific Evidence (Prediction) 50
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62. Economic Well-being (Prediction) 50
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63. Case Approach (Prediction) 50
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64. Australian Mining Industry (Prediction) 51
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65. Succulent Plants (Prediction) 51
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66. Atlantic Coast (Prediction) 51
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67. Second World War (Prediction) 51
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68. Bergson's Theory (Prediction) 51
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69. Constellation (Prediction) (Shadowing) 51
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70. Financial Crisis (Prediction) 51
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71. Microbes (Prediction) (Shadowing) 51
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72. Tourism (Prediction) 52
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73. Father (B) (Prediction) 52
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73. Father (B) (Prediction) 52
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74. Information Technology (Prediction) (Shadowing) 52
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75. Heterogeneous Student (Prediction) (Shadowing) 52
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76. Informative Speech (Prediction) 52
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77. Rural Population (Prediction) (Shadowing) 52
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78. Black Swan （B） (Prediction) (Shadowing) 52
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79. Becoming Carbon-neutral (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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80. Yield of Plants (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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81. Colloquialism (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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82. Girls v.s. Boys (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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83. Man-made Light (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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84. Learning Method (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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85. Values of Literature (Prediction) (Shadowing) 53
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86. Only Family (Prediction) (Shadowing) 54
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87. Internal Combustion Engine (Prediction) (Shadowing) 54
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88. Online Shopping (Prediction) (Shadowing) 54
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89. Beauty Contests (Prediction) (Shadowing) 54
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90. MBA (Prediction) 54
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91. Educational Demand (Prediction) (Shadowing) 54
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92. Abstract Preparation (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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93. Tea Ceremony (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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94. Recycling (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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95. Companies (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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96. Examination (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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97. Measurable Benefit (Prediction) 55
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98. Domestic Division (Prediction) 55
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99. Nutritionally Bankrupt (Prediction) (Shadowing) 55
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100. Actor Training (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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101. Orientalists (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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102. Hazard Assessment (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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103. Business School Admission (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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104. Elephant (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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105. Shrimp Farm (Prediction) (Shadowing) 56
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106. Statistical Information (Prediction) (Shadowing) 57
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107. Slang (Prediction) (Shadowing) 57
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108. Brain (Prediction) 57
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109. Grand Canyon 2 (Prediction) 57
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110. Electric Car (Prediction) (Shadowing) 57
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110. Electric Car (Prediction) (Shadowing) 57
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111. Tesla (Prediction) 57
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112. MBA Students (Prediction) (Shadowing) 57
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113. Fast Food (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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114. Bookkeeper Fraud (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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115. Restaurant Location (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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116. Black Swan (Prediction) 58
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117. Semiconductor Industry (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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118. Legal Writing (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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119. Lenient Parents (Prediction) (Shadowing) 58
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120. Russia (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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121. Choice of Book (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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122. The UN (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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123. Language Appearance (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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124. Marketing Management (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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125. Electronic Discourse (Prediction) 59
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126. Magnetar (Prediction) (Shadowing) 59
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127. Free Market (Prediction) 60
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128. December Sales (Prediction) (Shadowing) 60
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129. Private Equity (Prediction) (Shadowing) 60
····································································································
130. Most Important Things (Prediction) 60
····································································································
131. Carbon Dioxide Emission (Prediction) (Shadowing) 60
····································································································
132. Tulip (Prediction) (Shadowing) 60
····································································································
133. Vanilla (Prediction) (Shadowing) 60
····································································································
134. Industrial Revolution (Prediction) (Shadowing) 61
····································································································
135. Linguistic Diversity (Prediction) (Shadowing) 61
····································································································
136. Studying Topics (Prediction) 61
····································································································
137. Population Growth (Prediction) (Shadowing) 61
····································································································
138. Pay Scheme (Prediction) (Shadowing) 61
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139. Solar Energy (Prediction) 61
····································································································
140. Written Examinations (Prediction) 61
····································································································
141. Pluto (Prediction) (Shadowing) 62
····································································································
142. Productive Capacity (Prediction) (Shadowing) 62
····································································································
143. Cross-Protection (Prediction) 62
····································································································
144. Augustus (Prediction) (Shadowing) 62
····································································································
145. Blue (Prediction) (Shadowing) 62
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146. The Speaker (Prediction) 62
····································································································
147. Botanic Gardens (Prediction) 62
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147. Botanic Gardens (Prediction) 62
····································································································
148. Charles Darwin (Prediction) 63
····································································································
149. Long-distance Fliers (Prediction) 63
····································································································
150. Foreign Plant (Prediction) (Shadowing) 63
····································································································
151. Flattened World (Prediction) (Shadowing) 63
····································································································
152. Fiscal Year (Prediction) (Shadowing) 63
····································································································
153. Botswana (Prediction) (Shadowing) 63
····································································································
154. A Book (Prediction) 63
····································································································
155. Market Research (Prediction) 64
····································································································
156. Heavily Hunted Species (Prediction) 64
····································································································
157. Human Predilection (Prediction) 64
····································································································
158. Material and Non-material (Prediction) 64
····································································································
159. Historian (Prediction) 64
····································································································
160. Donor Countries (Prediction) 64
····································································································
161. Possession of Arms (Prediction) 64
····································································································
162. Introvert and Extrovert (Prediction) (Shadowing) 65
····································································································
163. Radio Burst (Prediction) 65
····································································································
164. Administration Option (Prediction) 65
····································································································
165. Methodology (Prediction) 65
····································································································
166. Cat's Paws (Prediction) 65
····································································································
167. Modern Buildings (Prediction) (Shadowing) 65
····································································································
168. Alphabet (Prediction) (Shadowing) 65
····································································································
169. Moods (Prediction) 66
····································································································
170. Avi Loeb (Prediction) 66
····································································································
171. Domestication (Prediction) 66
····································································································
172. Akimbo (Prediction) (Shadowing) 66
····································································································
173. Yellow (Prediction) 66
····································································································
174. Shakespeare (Prediction) (Shadowing) 66
····································································································
175. Lincoln (Prediction) (Shadowing) 66
······································································································
Repeat Sentence 68
······································································································
Describe Image 79
····································································································
1. Air Composition (New) (Prediction) 79
····································································································
2. Main Hall (New) (Prediction) 79
····································································································
3. Stationary Shopping (Prediction) (Incomplete) 80
····································································································
4. Recycling (Prediction) 80
····································································································
5. Renewable Energy (Prediction) 80
····································································································
6. Internet Users (Prediction) 81
····································································································
7. Ship Lock (Prediction) 82
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7. Ship Lock (Prediction) 82
····································································································
8. Coffee House (B) (Prediction) 82
····································································································
9. E-waste (Prediction) 83
····································································································
10. World Population Structure (Prediction) 83
····································································································
11. Historic Gardens (Prediction) 84
····································································································
12. Mosquito Life Cycle (Prediction) 84
····································································································
13. Ice Thickness (Prediction) 85
····································································································
14. Women in Labor Force (Prediction) 85
····································································································
15. Wind Power Capacity (Prediction) 86
····································································································
16. Disadvantaged Backgrounds of Students (Prediction) 86
····································································································
17. World Population Density (B) (Prediction) 87
····································································································
18. Dining Table (Prediction) 87
····································································································
19. Wash Your Hands (Prediction) 88
····································································································
20. Instant Coffee (Prediction) 88
····································································································
21. Personal Protection (Prediction) 89
····································································································
22. Coffee Processing (Prediction) 89
····································································································
23. Fruits and Vegetables Market (Prediction) 90
····································································································
24. Rhino Distribution Comparation (Prediction) 91
····································································································
25. Coffee House (Prediction) 91
····································································································
26. Music Revenues (Prediction) 92
····································································································
27. A Food Chain (Prediction) 92
····································································································
28. Upper Arms (B) (Prediction) 93
····································································································
29. Grape (Prediction) 93
····································································································
30. South American Rainforest (Prediction) 94
····································································································
31. Formation of Iceberg (Prediction) 94
····································································································
32. UK Income by Age&Gender (Prediction) 95
····································································································
33. Product Life Cycle (Prediction) 95
····································································································
34. Computer Then and Now (Prediction) 96
····································································································
35. Water Cycle (Prediction) 96
····································································································
36. Germination (Prediction) 97
····································································································
37. Penguin (Prediction) 97
····································································································
38. Journeys in the UK (Prediction) 98
····································································································
39. Number of Texts (Prediction) 98
····································································································
40. Auditorium (Prediction) 99
····································································································
41. Commuting Time (Prediction) 99
····································································································
42. China Age Group (Prediction) 100
····································································································
43. Tomato Life Cycle (Prediction) 100
····································································································
44. Sweden Government Budget (Prediction) 101
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44. Sweden Government Budget (Prediction) 101
····································································································
45. Green Bin Program (Prediction) 101
····································································································
46. UK Media (Prediction) 102
····································································································
47. Sitting Posture (Prediction) 102
····································································································
48. Rice in Palms (Prediction) 103
····································································································
49. London Fleet Street (Prediction) 103
····································································································
50. Laboratory Plan (Prediction) 104
····································································································
51. Income of Bachelor (Prediction) 104
····································································································
52. Luxembourg Age Group (Prediction) 105
····································································································
53. Life Expectancy (Prediction) 105
····································································································
54. Temperature and Precipitation (Prediction) 106
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55. Closed-loop Recycling (Prediction) 106
····································································································
56. Rain Forest Distribution (Prediction) 106
····································································································
57. Teaching Career (Prediction) 107
····································································································
58. Common Languages (Prediction) 107
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59. Input and Output (Prediction) 108
····································································································
60. World Population Development (Prediction) 109
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61. Arousal Level (Prediction) 109
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62. Climate Zones (Prediction) 110
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63. Australian Population Density 1 (Prediction) 110
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64. Apartment Plan 1 (Prediction) 110
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65. Food Pyramid (Prediction) 111
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66. Beijing Weather (Prediction) 111
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67. Projected Population (Prediction) 112
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68. Slum Area (Prediction) 112
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69. Most Livable States (Prediction) 113
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70. Browser Usage (Prediction) 113
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71. Customer Satisfaction (Prediction) 114
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72. Household Energy (Prediction) 115
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73. Hours Spent (Prediction) 115
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74. Countries' Employment Rates (Prediction) 115
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75. Educational Activities (Prediction) 116
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76. Cell Phone Use in Anytowne (Prediction) 116
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77. Chemical Lab (Prediction) 117
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78. Wind Machine (Prediction) 117
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79. Diameter of Planets (Prediction) 118
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80. Pet Expenditure (Prediction) 118
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81. Library Plan (Prediction) 119
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81. Library Plan (Prediction) 119
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82. 100% Health (Prediction) 119
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83. Gnat Life Cycle (Prediction) 120
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84. Temperature&CO2 (Prediction) 120
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85. Mean Temperature World Map (Prediction) 121
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86. Length of Fish (Prediction) 121
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87. Internet Access (Prediction) 122
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88. Butterfly Life Cycle (Prediction) 122
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89. Not Attending School (Prediction) 123
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90. Earth Structure 1 (Prediction) 123
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91. homologies of structure (Prediction) 124
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92. Sunshine Hours in France (Prediction) 124
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93. London Street View (Prediction) 125
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94. Economic Inactivity (Prediction) 125
····································································································
95. Garbage Patches 1 (Prediction) 126
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96. Australian Climate Zones (Prediction) 127
····································································································
97. Australian Population Density (Prediction) 127
····································································································
98. Iron Age Hut (Prediction) 127
····································································································
99. Earth Crust (Prediction) 128
····································································································
100. The Eatwell Plate (Prediction) 128
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101. Music Download (Prediction) 129
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102. Water Cycle 1 (Prediction) 129
····································································································
103. Temperature&Precipitation (Prediction) 130
····································································································
104. Population&Consumption (Prediction) 130
····································································································
105. World Water (Prediction) 131
····································································································
106. New House Prices (Prediction) 132
····································································································
107. Sunrise & Sunset (Prediction) 132
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108. World Income Distribution (Prediction) 133
····································································································
109. Earning&Unemployment (Prediction) 133
····································································································
110. Egypt Trading (Prediction) 134
····································································································
111. Photography Flowchart (Prediction) 134
····································································································
112. Radar Detection (Prediction) 135
····································································································
113. Forest Distribution (Prediction) 135
····································································································
114. CO2&Temperature Change (Prediction) 136
····································································································
115. Over Weight (Prediction) 136
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116. Government Expenditure (Prediction) 137
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117. Food&Oil Price (Prediction) 137
····································································································
118. Pencil Length (Prediction) 137
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118. Pencil Length (Prediction) 137
····································································································
119. Parrot Range (Prediction) 138
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120. Bird Migration (Prediction) 138
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121. S&P (Prediction) 139
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122. Deforestation Reasons (Prediction) 139
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123. Switzerland Language (Prediction) 140
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124. Bird Feeder (Prediction) 140
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125. Solar Eclipse 1 (Prediction) 141
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126. Parts of Tree (Prediction) 141
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127. Thatched Hut 1 (Prediction) 142
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128. Tree Ring and Saw (Prediction) 142
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129. Fish Shoal (Prediction) 143
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130. Happiness (Prediction) 143
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131. Student Apartment Plan (Prediction) 144
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132. Water Wheel (Prediction) 144
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133. Water Cycle 2 (Prediction) 145
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134. Singapore Map (Prediction) 145
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135. Age Percentage (Prediction) 146
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136. Apple Life Cycle (Prediction) 146
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137. Solar Yard Light (Prediction) 147
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138. Meat Consumption (Prediction) 147
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139. Sleeping Hours (Prediction) 148
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140. Australian Population Density 2 (Prediction) 149
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141. Fly Life Cycle (Prediction) 149
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142. Contries' GDP (Prediction) 150
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143. Urban Percentage 1 (Prediction) 150
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144. Most Used Technology (Prediction) 151
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145. Apartment Plan (Prediction) 151
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146. National Flags (Prediction) 152
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147. Depression Probability (Prediction) 152
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148. Oxbow Lake (Prediction) 153
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149. Earth Crust (2) (Prediction) 153
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150. Electricity Generation (Prediction) 153
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151. Adult Literacy (Prediction) 154
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152. Virus Replication (Prediction) 154
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153. Moon&Fish (Prediction) 155
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154. Simple Circuit (Prediction) 155
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155. Global Warming (Prediction) 156
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155. Global Warming (Prediction) 156
····································································································
156. States' Education Expenditures (Prediction) 156
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157. Earth Structure (Prediction) 157
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158. Height of Tree (Prediction) 157
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159. Air Pollution (Prediction) 158
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160. BMI (Prediction) 158
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161. Typing Hands (Prediction) 159
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162. Solar System (Prediction) 159
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Retell Lecture 161
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1. Bilingual Parents (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 161
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2. Research (Prediction) (Incomplete) 161
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3. Glass Ceiling (Prediction) (Incomplete) 161
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4. DNA (Prediction) (Incomplete) 161
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5. Soot (Prediction) (Audio Available) 161
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6. Noble Gases (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 161
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7. Leadership (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 162
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8. Bird Migration (Prediction) (Incomplete) 162
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9. Biological Forgetting (Prediction) (Incomplete) 162
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10. Leadership and Management (Prediction) (Incomplete) 162
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11. Hans Krebs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 163
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12. IT Department (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 163
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13. Library Introduction (Prediction) (Incomplete) 163
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14. Graphical Representation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 163
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15. Street Stalls (Prediction) (Incomplete) 164
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16. Security Official (Prediction) (Incomplete) 164
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17. Edmund Wilson (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 164
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18. Thermodynamics (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 164
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19. Children Obesity (Prediction) (Incomplete) 164
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20. Cloud Formation (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 165
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21. Procedural Fairness (Prediction) (Incomplete) 165
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22. ATM (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 165
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23. Kids in the Museum (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 165
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24. Child Birth Rate (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 166
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25. Fatherhood (Prediction) (Incomplete) 166
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26. Oracle (Prediction) (Incomplete) 166
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27. King (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 166
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28. Increasing Productivity (Prediction) (Incomplete) 167
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29. Greek Diet (Prediction) (Incomplete) 167
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29. Greek Diet (Prediction) (Incomplete) 167
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30. Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 167
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31. Pull and Push (Prediction) (Incomplete) 168
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32. Stem Cells (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 168
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33. Knee Cracking (Prediction) (Audio Available) 168
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34. Animal Behavior (B) (Prediction) (Audio Available) 169
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35. Housing Affordability (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 169
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36. Armor (Prediction) (Audio Available) 169
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37. British Population (Prediction) (Incomplete) 170
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38. British Policy (Prediction) (Incomplete) 170
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39. Food Label (Prediction) (Incomplete) 170
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40. Overfishing (Prediction) (Audio Available) 170
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41. Science and Scientist (Prediction) (Incomplete) 171
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42. Happiness and Social Relations (Prediction) (Incomplete) 171
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43. Truth and Rhetoric (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 171
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44. Ageing population (Prediction) (Incomplete) 171
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45. Small Languages (Prediction) (Incomplete) 171
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46. Robot (Prediction) (Incomplete) 171
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47. Absolute Zero (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 172
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48. Underwater Detectors (Prediction) (Incomplete) 172
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49. Survey (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 172
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50. Linguistic Training (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 173
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51. Earth v.s. Mars (Prediction) (Incomplete) 173
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52. Governmental Blogging (Prediction) (Incomplete) 173
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53. European Economic Structure (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 173
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54. Latin America Economic Reform (Prediction) (Incomplete) 174
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55. Advanced Machine (Prediction) (Incomplete) 174
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56. Dissociation of personalities (Prediction) (Incomplete) 174
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57. Visual Description (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 174
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58. Frog Mutation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 175
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59. Wage, Consumption and Debt (Prediction) (Incomplete) 175
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60. European Educational Expenditure (Prediction) (Audio Available) 175
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61. Mega Cities (Prediction) (Incomplete) 175
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62. Ship (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 175
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63. Loggerhead Turtle (Prediction) (Incomplete) 176
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64. CO2 Pollution (Prediction) (Incomplete) 176
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65. Motivation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 176
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66. Soot Emission (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 177
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66. Soot Emission (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 177
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67. Rural Poverty (Prediction) (Incomplete) 177
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68. Robot and Unemployment (Prediction) (Incomplete) 177
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69. Advertising Standard Authority (Prediction) (Incomplete) 177
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70. Language Learning (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 178
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71. Melatonin (Prediction) (Audio Available) 178
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72. Bee Language (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 178
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73. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Prediction) (Audio Available) 178
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74. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Audio Available) 179
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75. Salary Types (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 179
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76. Animal Behavior (Prediction) (Audio Available) 180
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77. Human Behavior (Prediction) (Audio Available) 180
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78. Drug Ads (Prediction) (Audio Available) 181
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79. Country Transformation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 181
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80. Australia’s Export (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 182
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81. America’s Economic Size (Prediction) (Incomplete) 182
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82. Teaching (Prediction) (Incomplete) 182
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83. Beautiful Melbourne (Prediction) (Incomplete) 182
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84. Former Civilization (Prediction) (Audio Available) 182
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85. Pavlov Experiment (Prediction) (Audio Available) 183
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86. Superman (Prediction) (Audio Available) 183
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87. Invention (Prediction) (Audio Available) 184
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88. Springtime (Prediction) (Audio Available) 184
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89. Implicit&Explicit Memory (Prediction) (Audio Available) 185
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90. Rice (Prediction) (Audio Available) 185
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91. Linguist (Prediction) (Audio Available) 185
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92. Arctic and Antarctic (Prediction) (Audio Available) 186
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93. Civilization and Art (Prediction) (Audio Available) 186
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94. London Taxi Drivers (Prediction) (Audio Available) 186
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95. Shy Fish (Prediction) (Audio Available) 187
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96. Music and Wellbeing (Prediction) (Audio Available) 187
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97. Taxonomy (Prediction) (Audio Available) 188
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98. Happiness (Prediction) (Audio Available) 188
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99. Sugar (Prediction) (Audio Available) 188
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100. London Fog (Prediction) (Audio Available) 189
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101. Early Robot (Prediction) (Audio Available) 189
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102. Chest X-Ray (Prediction) (Audio Available) 189
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103. Climate Change (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 190
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104. Make errors (Prediction) (Audio Available) 190
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105. Night Sky Darkness (Prediction) (Audio Available) 190
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106. Brain Development (Prediction) (Audio Available) 191
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107. Reconstruction of Paris (Prediction) (Audio Available) 191
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108. Marshmallow Test (Prediction) (Audio Available) 192
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109. Minority Languages (Similar) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 193
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110. Archaeology (Prediction) (Audio Available) 193
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111. Licking and Grooming (Prediction) (Audio Available) 193
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112. Bomb Calorimeter (Prediction) (Audio Available) 194
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113. Brain (Prediction) (Audio Available) 194
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114. (Prediction) (Audio Available) 195
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115. Infinite Monkey Theorem (Prediction) (Audio Available) 195
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116. Trade-off Triangle (Prediction) (Audio Available) 196
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117. Historic Library (Prediction) (Audio Available) 196
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118. Skoog (Prediction) (Audio Available) 196
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119. Economical Cycle (Prediction) (Audio Available) 197
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Answer Short Question 198
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B. Writing 219
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Summarize Written Text 219
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1. Africa (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 219
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2. Inequalities (Prediction) (Incomplete) 219
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3. New Women (Prediction) (Incomplete) 219
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4. The Women Institute (Prediction) (Incomplete) 219
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5. Legume (Prediction) 219
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6. UNV (Prediction) (Explanation) 220
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7. Assessment (Prediction) (Explanation) 220
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8. Carbon Dioxide (Prediction) 221
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9. Image of Africa (Prediction) (Incomplete) 221
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10. Sustainable Development (Prediction) (Explanation) 221
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11. Female Book Buyers (Prediction) (Incomplete) 222
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12. Social Networks (Prediction) (Explanation) 222
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13. Education Technology (Prediction) (Explanation) 222
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14. Complaints (Prediction) (Explanation) 223
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15. The Internet (Prediction) (Explanation) 223
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16. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Explanation) 224
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17. Importance of Soil (Prediction) (Explanation) 224
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18. Children's Online Safety (Prediction) (Explanation) 225
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18. Children's Online Safety (Prediction) (Explanation) 225
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19. Solar Energy (Prediction) (Explanation) 225
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20. Carbon-neutrality (Prediction) (Explanation) 226
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21. Positive Mindset (Prediction) (Explanation) 226
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22. Giant panda (Prediction) (Explanation) 227
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23. Coffee (Prediction) (Explanation) 228
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24. Twin studies (Prediction) (Explanation) 228
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25. Skipping Breakfast（B） (Prediction) (Explanation) 229
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26. Negotiation (Prediction) (Explanation) 229
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27. Shipping Container (Prediction) (Explanation) 229
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28. World Wide Web (Prediction) (Explanation) 230
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29. Energy Demand (Prediction) (Incomplete) 230
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30. Phoenician (Prediction) (Incomplete) 231
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31. Benefit of Honey (Prediction) (Explanation) 231
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32. Pre-service teachers (Prediction) (Incomplete) 231
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33. School Bullying (Prediction) (Explanation) 232
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34. Early Adopters (Prediction) (Explanation) 232
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35. Silent Movies (Prediction) (Explanation) 233
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36. Asda (Prediction) (Explanation) 233
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37. Future of Manufacturing (Prediction) (Explanation) 234
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38. Reading (Prediction) (Explanation) 234
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39. Raw Honey (Prediction) (Explanation) 235
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40. Written Language (Prediction) (Explanation) 236
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41. Writing system (Prediction) (Explanation) 236
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42. Wright brothers Version #2 (Prediction) (Explanation) 237
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43. Wright brothers (Prediction) (Explanation) 237
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44. Wine Industry (Prediction) (Explanation) 238
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45. Vividity of TV and Newspaper (Prediction) (Explanation) 238
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46. Twins (Prediction) (Explanation) 239
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47. Tree Rings (Prediction) (Explanation) 239
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48. The History of the Khoikhoi (Prediction) (Explanation) 240
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49. Technology Prediction (Prediction) (Explanation) 240
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50. Songbird (Prediction) (Explanation) 241
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51. Primary Carers (Prediction) (Explanation) 241
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52. Plug-in Vehicle (Prediction) (Explanation) 242
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53. Plants Research (Prediction) (Explanation) 242
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54. Children Watching TV (Prediction) (Explanation) 243
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55. Paleolithic People (Prediction) (Explanation) 243
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55. Paleolithic People (Prediction) (Explanation) 243
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56. Overqualified Employees (Prediction) (Explanation) 244
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57. Online Teaching & Learning (Prediction) (Explanation) 245
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58. Office Environment (Prediction) (Explanation) 245
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59. Nobel Peace Prize (Prediction) (Explanation) 246
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60. Museology (Prediction) (Explanation) 246
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61. Back to Countryside (Prediction) (Explanation) 247
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62. Mini War/Small War (Prediction) (Explanation) 247
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63. Malaysia Tourism (Prediction) (Explanation) 248
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64. House Mice (Prediction) (Explanation) 248
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65. Hookham (Prediction) (Explanation) 249
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66. Greenhouse Gases (Prediction) (Explanation) 250
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67. Grass & Cow (Prediction) (Explanation) 250
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68. Geothermal Energy (Prediction) (Explanation) 250
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69. Frog Amber (Prediction) (Explanation) 251
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70. Dowry (Prediction) (Explanation) 252
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71. Double Blind (Prediction) (Explanation) 252
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72. Crime rate (Prediction) (Explanation) 253
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73. America and India IT (Prediction) (Explanation) 253
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74. Compulsory Reburial (Prediction) (Explanation) 254
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75. Columbus (Prediction) (Explanation) 254
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76. Climate Change's Impact (Prediction) (Explanation) 255
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77. Beauty Contest (Prediction) (Explanation) 256
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78. Australian Indigenous Food (Prediction) (Explanation) 256
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79. Australian Education (Prediction) (Explanation) 257
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80. American English (Prediction) (Explanation) 257
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81. Ageing World (Prediction) (Explanation) 258
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82. Ageing Australia (Prediction) (Explanation) 258
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83. 2014 Olympics (Prediction) (Explanation) 259
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Write Essay 260
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1. Play Writing (New) (Prediction) 260
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2. (Prediction) 260
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3. Certain Jobs (Prediction) 260
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4. Air Travel (Prediction) 260
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5. Public Space (Prediction) 260
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6. Employers and Employees (Prediction) 260
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7. Foreign Languages (Prediction) 260
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8. City or Countryside (Prediction) 260
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8. City or Countryside (Prediction) 260
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9. New Inventions (Prediction) 261
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10. Over-competitive (Prediction) 261
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11. Air Planes (Prediction) 261
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12. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction) 261
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13. Wage Cap (Prediction) 261
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14. Harder Life (Prediction) 261
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15. Old or Modern Buildings (Prediction) 261
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16. Compulsory Learning (Prediction) 261
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17. Working Women (Prediction) 262
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18. Short Weeks (Prediction) 262
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19. School Uniforms (Prediction) 262
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20. Celebrities' Privacy (Prediction) 262
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21. Less Work Hours (Prediction) 262
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22. Television (Prediction) 262
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23. Inventions (Prediction) 262
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24. Dangerous Activities (Prediction) 263
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25. Environmental Influence (Prediction) 263
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26. Tourism's Pros and Cons (Prediction) 263
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27. Law Effect (Prediction) 263
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28. Business Profit (Prediction) 263
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29. University Education (Prediction) 263
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30. Extra Classes (Prediction) 263
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31. Music (Prediction) 263
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32. Best Teachers (Prediction) 264
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33. Marketing in Companies (Prediction) 264
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34. Educational Purpose (Prediction) 264
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35. Studying Climate Change (Prediction) 264
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36. Environmental Challenges (Prediction) 264
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37. Literature (Prediction) 264
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38. Studying abroad (Prediction) 264
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39. Environment Effect (Prediction) 264
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40. Pressing Problem (Prediction) 265
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41. Technology (Prediction) 265
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42. Distraction (Prediction) 265
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43. Life Experience (Prediction) 265
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44. International Organizations (Prediction) 265
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45. Effective Experience (Prediction) 265
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45. Effective Experience (Prediction) 265
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46. Credit Cards (Prediction) 265
····································································································
47. Age Limit (Prediction) 265
····································································································
48. Digital Media (Prediction) 266
····································································································
49. Tourism (Prediction) 266
····································································································
50. Newspapers (Prediction) 266
····································································································
51. Problems and Benefits (Prediction) 266
····································································································
52. Facing Issues (Prediction) 266
····································································································
53. Devotion (Prediction) 266
····································································································
54. Media Influences (Prediction) 266
····································································································
55. Building Effects (Prediction) 266
····································································································
56. Medical Technology (Prediction) 266
····································································································
57. Invention (Prediction) 267
····································································································
58. Deduction (Prediction) 267
····································································································
59. Law (Prediction) 267
····································································································
60. Student Grouping (Prediction) 267
····································································································
61. Experiential Learning (Prediction) 267
····································································································
62. Reputation (Prediction) 267
····································································································
63. Senior Executives (Prediction) 267
····································································································
64. Pop Music (Prediction) 267
····································································································
65. Legal Responsibility (Prediction) 268
····································································································
66. Personal Life (Prediction) 268
····································································································
67. Right Balance (Prediction) 268
····································································································
68. Television (Prediction) 268
····································································································
69. Mass Media (Prediction) 268
····································································································
70. Shopping Malls (Prediction) 268
····································································································
71. Getting Married (Prediction) 268
····································································································
72. Information Revolution (Prediction) 268
····································································································
73. Extreme Sports (Prediction) 269
····································································································
74. Inventions (Prediction) 269
····································································································
75. Formal Written Examination (Prediction) 269
····································································································
76. Different People (Prediction) 269
····································································································
77. Communication (Prediction) 269
····································································································
78. Global Issue (Prediction) 270
····································································································
79. Transportation Networks (Prediction) 270
···························································································
C. Reading 271
······································································································
Multiple Choice (Single) 271
Page 18 of 542
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1. Chinese game (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 271
····································································································
2. Spice (Prediction) (Incomplete) 271
····································································································
3. Social Scientists (Prediction) 271
····································································································
4. John Robertson (Prediction) 272
····································································································
5. Linguistic Turn (Prediction) 272
····································································································
6. Essay (Prediction) 273
····································································································
7. Lighthouse (Prediction) (Incomplete) 273
····································································································
8. Fear of Crime (Prediction) (Incomplete) 273
····································································································
9. Euripides (Prediction) (Incomplete) 273
····································································································
10. Labour Market (Prediction) (Incomplete) 273
······································································································
Multiple Choice (Multiple) 275
····································································································
1. Children Care (Prediction) (Incomplete) 275
····································································································
2. Optional Courses (Prediction) (Incomplete) 275
····································································································
3. (Prediction) (Incomplete) 275
····································································································
4. Social Media (Prediction) (Incomplete) 275
····································································································
····································································································
6. History of Sleep (Prediction) 275
····································································································
7. Decision (Prediction) 276
····································································································
8. Avalanche (Prediction) 276
······································································································
Re-order Paragraphs 278
····································································································
1. Chef (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 278
····································································································
2. Snakes (Prediction) 278
····································································································
3. Totalitarian (Prediction) (Incomplete) 278
····································································································
4. Dyslexia (Prediction) (Incomplete) 278
····································································································
5. Green Areas (Prediction) (Incomplete) 278
····································································································
6. Children Depression (Prediction) 278
····································································································
7. Teenage Drivers (Prediction) 279
····································································································
8. Pronunciation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 279
····································································································
9. Client Management (Prediction) (Incomplete) 279
····································································································
10. Probability of Event (Prediction) (Incomplete) 279
····································································································
11. Marriage Decline (Prediction) 279
····································································································
12. UK Carbon Emissions (Prediction) 279
····································································································
13. English Teaching (Prediction) (Incomplete) 280
····································································································
14. Bugs (Prediction) (Incomplete) 280
····································································································
15. Seawater Pollution (Prediction) (Incomplete) 280
····································································································
16. Marshmallow (Prediction) 280
····································································································
17. School Open Day (Prediction) 280
Page 19 of 542
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18. Book Writing (Prediction) 280
····································································································
19. Computational Thinking (Prediction) 281
····································································································
20. Bonpoint (Prediction) 281
····································································································
21. Vaccines (Prediction) 281
····································································································
22. Exceptional Health (Prediction) 281
····································································································
23. Deaf School (Prediction) (Incomplete) 281
····································································································
24. O'Keeffe (Prediction) 281
····································································································
25. Hudson (Prediction) 282
····································································································
26. Bitcoin (Prediction) (Incomplete) 282
····································································································
27. Tree Roots (Prediction) (Incomplete) 282
····································································································
28. Gender Stereotype (Prediction) 282
····································································································
29. Working Memory Capacity (Prediction) 282
····································································································
30. Actors' Performance (Prediction) 283
····································································································
31. Accounting System (Prediction) 283
····································································································
32. Chanan Tigay (Prediction) 283
····································································································
33. STM (Prediction) 284
····································································································
34. Sea Turtles (Prediction) 284
····································································································
35. Brain Function (Prediction) 284
····································································································
36. DRM (Prediction) 284
····································································································
37. Mink (Prediction) 285
····································································································
38. Local Sessions (Prediction) (Incomplete) 285
····································································································
39. Bar Coding (Prediction) (Incomplete) 285
····································································································
40. Examination (Prediction) 285
····································································································
41. Medical Education (Prediction) 285
····································································································
42. Sherbet Powder (Prediction) 285
····································································································
43. Rosa Parks (Prediction) 286
····································································································
44. Superpower (Prediction) (Incomplete) 286
····································································································
45. Turkey (Prediction) 286
····································································································
46. Eating Habits (Prediction) 286
····································································································
47. Nightinggale (Prediction) 286
····································································································
48. Speed (Prediction) 287
····································································································
49. Pidgin (Prediction) 287
····································································································
50. Internship (Prediction) 287
····································································································
51. Blue Halo (Prediction) 287
····································································································
52. Note-taking (Prediction) 288
····································································································
53. Marine Creature (Prediction) 288
····································································································
54. German Writer (Prediction) 288
Page 20 of 542
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55. Challenging Jobs (Prediction) 288
····································································································
56. Native Living Beings (Prediction) 288
····································································································
57. Worship (Prediction) 289
····································································································
58. Children's Verbal Skills (Prediction) 289
····································································································
59. Calf Experiment (Prediction) 289
····································································································
60. EU Fishing (Prediction) 289
····································································································
61. United Nation Conferences (Prediction) 290
····································································································
62. Hip Pop (Prediction) 290
····································································································
63. Historical records (Prediction) 290
····································································································
64. Bankruptcy (Prediction) 290
····································································································
65. Clothing Fibers (Prediction) 291
····································································································
66. International Economics (Prediction) 291
····································································································
67. The Job of a Manager (Prediction) 291
····································································································
68. Objectivity of Journalists (Prediction) 291
····································································································
69. Carbon Pricing in Canada (Prediction) 292
····································································································
70. Scientific Dishonesty (Prediction) 292
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71. Heart Attack (Prediction) 292
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72. Choose a School (Prediction) 292
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73. Vegetarian (Prediction) 293
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74. Wagonways (Prediction) 293
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75. Ocean Floors (Prediction) 293
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76. Bird-feeding (Prediction) 293
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77. Vegetable Intake (Prediction) 294
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78. Desert Festival (Prediction) 294
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79. Results Measurement (Prediction) (Incomplete) 294
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80. Voice above 5mhz (Prediction) 294
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81. Amino Acid (Prediction) (Incomplete) 295
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82. Financial Crisis (Prediction) (Incomplete) 295
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83. Stem Cells (Prediction) 295
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84. Electronic Device Disposal (Prediction) 295
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85. Color TV (Prediction) (Incomplete) 295
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86. German Invasion (Prediction) 295
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87. Copernicus (Prediction) 296
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88. Earthworm (Prediction) 296
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89. Mayor (Prediction) 296
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90. New Ventures (Prediction) 296
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91. Science and Technology (Prediction) 297
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92. Copernicanism (Prediction) 297
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93. Benefit of Language (Prediction) 297
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94. Health and Disease (Prediction) 297
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95. Solution of Issue (Prediction) 298
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96. Sea Level Rise (Prediction) 298
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97. Manage Health (Prediction) 298
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98. Sustainable Development (Prediction) 298
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99. Wal-Mart Shoppers (Prediction) 299
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100. Ethiopian Runners (Prediction) 299
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101. Piano (Prediction) 299
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102. Douglas DC-1 (Prediction) 299
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103. Common Mistake (Prediction) 300
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104. London Underground (Prediction) 300
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105. Foreign Aid (Prediction) 300
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106. Memory Loss (Prediction) 300
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107. Cash Transactions (Prediction) 301
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108. Mother of Storms (Prediction) 301
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109. Green Tea (Prediction) 301
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110. Literacy Project (Prediction) 301
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111. Immigrant Impact (Prediction) 302
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112. Language Skills (Prediction) 302
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113. Date Line (Prediction) 302
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114. Pilot (Prediction) 302
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115. Sepahua (Prediction) 303
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116. Blog Entry (Prediction) 303
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117. Multidisciplinary activity (Prediction) 303
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118. Motivation (Prediction) 304
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119. Summer School (Prediction) 304
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120. Private-equity (Prediction) 304
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121. Game (Prediction) 304
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122. Monash Abroad Program (Prediction) 304
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123. Tutorial (Prediction) 305
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124. Jet Stream (Prediction) 305
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125. Mittal (Prediction) 305
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126. Indian IT (Prediction) 305
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127. Competence and Performance (Prediction) 306
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128. George Marshall (Prediction) 306
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129. Reading (Prediction) 306
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130. Greener technologies (Prediction) 307
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131. Mission (Prediction) 307
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132. Elephant and Bee (Prediction) 307
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133. Earthquake (Prediction) 307
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134. Speaking English (Prediction) 308
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135. Bias (Prediction) 308
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136. Study abroad (Prediction) 308
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137. Exploratory Urge (Prediction) 308
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138. Pilot (Prediction) 309
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139. Humanities (Prediction) 309
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Fill in the Blanks (Reading) 310
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1. Agricultural Investment (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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2. Mathematics and Science (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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3. Empathy (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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4. Salt (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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5. Bumble Bees (Prediction) 310
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6. A Letter (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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7. Credit Cards (Prediction) (Incomplete) 310
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8. New Ideas (Prediction) 310
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9. Textile Industry (Prediction) 311
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10. Cultural Ideas (Prediction) 311
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11. Green Spaces (Prediction) 311
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12. Fossil Fuel (Prediction) 312
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13. UN (Prediction) 312
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14. Education and Well-being (Prediction) 312
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15. Ponzi Scheme (Prediction) (Incomplete) 312
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16. Fingerprints (Prediction) 313
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17. Electric Eels (Prediction) (Incomplete) 313
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19. Melting Ice (Prediction) 313
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20. Effective Leaders (Prediction) 313
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21. Rudman (Prediction) 314
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22. Statistical Theory (Prediction) 314
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23. Sydney (Prediction) 314
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24. Holy Grail (Prediction) 314
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25. Financial Markets (Prediction) 314
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26. Latino Vote (Prediction) 315
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27. Active Learning Classrooms (Prediction) 315
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28. Helping Others (Prediction) 315
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29. Sandra Lousada (Prediction) 316
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30. Management (Prediction) 316
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31. Carbon Prices (Prediction) 316
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32. Plasmonic Materials (Prediction) 316
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33. London Zoo (Prediction) 317
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34. Medical Jargon (Prediction) 317
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35. Trees (Prediction) 317
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36. Father in Family (Prediction) 317
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37. Chemistry (Prediction) 318
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38. Leading Business Schools (Prediction) 318
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39. Air Balloons (Prediction) 318
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40. Jury (Prediction) 318
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41. Marine Turtles (Prediction) 319
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42. Business Emission (Prediction) (Incomplete) 319
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43. Pet (Prediction) (Incomplete) 319
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44. Paris Stage (Prediction) 319
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45. Weather Predictions (Prediction) 319
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46. Wool Market (Prediction) 319
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47. Geography (Prediction) 320
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48. Study of Leadership (Prediction) 320
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49. Digital Media (Prediction) 320
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50. Mphil (Prediction) 320
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51. Scientists' Work (Prediction) 321
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52. E-Learning (Prediction) 321
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53. Folklore (Prediction) 321
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54. Factory Outlet (Prediction) 321
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55. Human Nature (Prediction) 322
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56. Suez Canal (Prediction) 322
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57. Secondary School (Prediction) 322
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58. Siblings (Prediction) 322
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60. Eutrophication (Prediction) 323
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61. Medicare (Prediction) 323
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62. Debtor (Prediction) 323
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63. Private School (Prediction) 323
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64. Food Prices (Prediction) 324
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65. Following Tips (Prediction) 324
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66. Research (Prediction) 324
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67. Farming (Prediction) 324
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68. Coffee (Prediction) 325
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69. Class Participation (Prediction) 325
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70. Critical Thinking (Prediction) 325
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71. Concentration (Prediction) 325
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72. The Environmental Policy (Prediction) 325
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73. Techniques (Prediction) 326
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74. The University of Maryland (Prediction) 326
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75. Physical Activity (Prediction) 326
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76. Telephone Networks (Prediction) 326
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77. Liquidity (Prediction) 326
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78. Scrambled Memory (Prediction) 327
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79. Lithium (Prediction) 327
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80. Repetitive Syllables (Prediction) 327
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81. Citizenship Education (Prediction) 328
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82. The Antarctic and the Arctic (Prediction) 328
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83. Number and Form (Prediction) 328
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84. Robot Definition (Prediction) 328
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85. Energy Intakes (Prediction) 328
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86. Australian Dwellings (Prediction) 329
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87. Radioactivity (B) (Prediction) 329
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88. Musical (Prediction) 329
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89. Shakespeare's Work (Prediction) 329
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90. Changing English (Prediction) 329
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91. Pupil Charity (Prediction) 330
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92. Air Moving (Prediction) 330
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93. Investment (Prediction) 330
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94. Ozone (Prediction) 330
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95. Paris (Prediction) 331
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96. Global Ecosystems (Prediction) 331
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97. Moth (Prediction) 331
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98. Pop Mega-star (Prediction) 331
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99. Housing Agency (Prediction) 332
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100. Revision (Prediction) 332
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101. Japan and China (Prediction) 332
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102. Breton Language (Prediction) 332
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103. Mathematics and Statistics (Prediction) 333
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104. Trade-off (Prediction) 333
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105. Under-nutrition (Prediction) 333
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106. Complementary Therapies (Prediction) 333
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107. Lake Turkana (Prediction) 333
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108. Linguistic Effects (Prediction) 334
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109. Fingerprint (Prediction) 334
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110. Recruitment (Prediction) 334
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111. Coral Reefs (Prediction) 334
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112. Donors (Prediction) 335
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113. Tidal Energy (Prediction) 335
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114. Standard Response (Prediction) 335
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115. Internet Growth (Prediction) 335
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116. Hay-drying Device (Prediction) 335
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117. Away from Home (Prediction) 336
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118. Good Looks (Prediction) 336
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119. Bach (Prediction) 337
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120. Ministerial Staffing (Prediction) 337
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121. Romans (Prediction) 337
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122. Eccentric Language (Prediction) 337
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123. Essays (Prediction) 338
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124. Modern Healthcare (Prediction) 338
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125. Space (Prediction) 338
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126. Bennett (Prediction) 338
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127. Estee Lauder (Prediction) 339
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128. Enigma (Prediction) 339
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129. Walt Disney World (Prediction) 339
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130. Wrinkle Cure (Prediction) 339
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131. Concrete Jungle (Prediction) 340
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132. Civilization (Prediction) 340
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133. Two Norths (Prediction) 340
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134. Dog Emotion (Prediction) 340
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135. Welfare Morality (Prediction) 341
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136. Shipwrecks (Prediction) 341
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137. Economists and Ecologists (Prediction) 341
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138. American People (Prediction) 341
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139. Daniel Harris (Prediction) 342
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140. Low Fertility (Prediction) 342
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141. Iceland (Prediction) 342
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142. Mini Helicopter (Prediction) 342
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143. Canada Gallery (Prediction) 343
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144. Leading Scientists (Prediction) 343
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145. Nutrition (Prediction) 343
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146. Music (Prediction) 343
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147. United Nation Library (Prediction) 344
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148. Gauss (Prediction) 344
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149. Biological Systems (Prediction) 344
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150. Psychoanalytic and Behaviorist (Prediction) 344
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151. Coral Reef (Prediction) (Incomplete) 345
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152. Sharkbite (Prediction) 345
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153. National Portrait Gallery (B) (Prediction) 345
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154. Material Culture Studies (Prediction) 345
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155. Work-ready International Students (Prediction) 346
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156. Sociology (Prediction) 346
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157. Most Respected Companies (Prediction) 346
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158. Fresh water (Prediction) 347
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159. The Gray Wolf (Prediction) 347
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160. Electorate (Prediction) 347
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161. Anthropologists (Prediction) 347
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162. Gun Violence (Prediction) 348
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163. Neuroscientists (Prediction) 348
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164. The Resultant Force (Prediction) 348
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165. Climate (Prediction) 348
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166. Plates (Prediction) 349
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167. Psychology (Prediction) 349
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168. Plagiarism (Prediction) 349
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169. UW Course Description (Prediction) 349
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170. Civil Society and the Market (Prediction) 350
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171. The Amount of Sleep (Prediction) 350
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172. Milky Way System (Prediction) 350
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173. People’s Savings (Prediction) 351
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174. Life changes (Prediction) 351
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175. Concept of Culture (Prediction) 351
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176. Agrarian Parties (Prediction) 351
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177. Health Professionals (Prediction) 352
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178. Impressionist Painters (Prediction) 352
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179. Radioactivity (Prediction) 352
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180. People Need Exercise (Prediction) 352
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181. Disadvantage in Early Childhood (Prediction) 353
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182. Children Skip School (Prediction) 353
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183. Colorful Poison Frogs (Prediction) 353
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184. Steven Pinker (Prediction) 354
····································································································
185. Science Warn Global Warming (Prediction) 354
····································································································
186. Wolf's Perspective (Prediction) 354
····································································································
187. Exams Looming (Prediction) 354
····································································································
188. Environmentalists (Prediction) 355
····································································································
189. Symbiosis (Prediction) 355
····································································································
190. The Sun and the Moon (Prediction) 355
····································································································
191. Australia and New Zealand (Prediction) 355
····································································································
192. Surface Water (Prediction) 356
····································································································
193. Truancy (Prediction) 356
····································································································
194. White Paper (Prediction) 356
····································································································
195. Retirement (Prediction) 357
····································································································
196. Just-in-time (Prediction) 357
····································································································
197. Study space (Prediction) 357
····································································································
198. Shark's Personalities (Prediction) 357
····································································································
199. The Origins of Music (Prediction) 358
····································································································
200. Sustainable Job Growth (Prediction) 358
····································································································
201. Genius (Prediction) 358
····································································································
202. Kids Distinguish Commercial Ads (Prediction) 359
····································································································
203. Child-Centric Mother (Prediction) 359
····································································································
204. Rampant Corruption (Prediction) 359
····································································································
205. Planes (Prediction) 359
····································································································
206. Orchestra (Prediction) 360
····································································································
207. Kashmiri (Prediction) 360
····································································································
208. Ikebana (Prediction) 360
····································································································
209. Reality (Camus' text) (Prediction) 361
····································································································
210. Sportswomen (Prediction) 361
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211. University Science (Prediction) 361
····································································································
212. Plainness (Prediction) 361
····································································································
213. Ice Storm (Prediction) (Incomplete) 362
····································································································
214. Chaucer’s Tales (Prediction) 362
····································································································
215. Recruitment Tool (Prediction) 362
····································································································
216. American Executive (Prediction) 362
····································································································
217. AVG (Prediction) 362
····································································································
218. Australian Business Etiquette (Prediction) (Incomplete) 363
····································································································
····································································································
····································································································
221. Teenage Daughter (Prediction) 363
····································································································
222. Volcanoes (Prediction) 363
····································································································
223. Allure of Book (Prediction) 364
····································································································
224. Microorganism (Prediction) 364
····································································································
225. Consumption Pattern (Prediction) 364
····································································································
226. Reading (Prediction) 364
····································································································
227. Answering Questions (Prediction) 364
······································································································
Fill in the Blanks (Reading & Writing) 366
····································································································
1. Gauss (New) (Prediction) 366
····································································································
2. Dog Emotion (New) (Prediction) 366
····································································································
3. Physical Activity (New) (Prediction) 366
····································································································
4. Studying Law (Prediction) 366
····································································································
5. Migrating Birds (Prediction) 367
····································································································
6. Kashmiri (Prediction) 367
····································································································
7. Welfare Morality (Prediction) 368
····································································································
8. Humans and Chimpanzees (Prediction) (Incomplete) 368
····································································································
9. Poetry (Prediction) (Incomplete) 368
····································································································
10. Bees (Prediction) (Incomplete) 368
····································································································
11. Killer Whale (Prediction) (Incomplete) 368
····································································································
12. Interaction (Prediction) (Incomplete) 368
····································································································
13. Ozone (Prediction) 369
····································································································
14. Ikebana (Prediction) 369
····································································································
15. City Parks (Prediction) (Incomplete) 369
····································································································
16. Pesticides (Prediction) (Incomplete) 369
····································································································
17. Horseman (Prediction) (Incomplete) 370
····································································································
18. Healthcare (Prediction) 370
····································································································
19. Colonial Era (Prediction) 370
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20. Colour Preference (Prediction) 370
····································································································
21. Sun and Moon (Prediction) 371
····································································································
22. Fossil Fuels (Prediction) 371
····································································································
23. Marshmallow (Prediction) 371
····································································································
24. Edible Insects (Prediction) 372
····································································································
25. Omniscience (Prediction) 372
····································································································
26. Marriage Decline (Prediction) 373
····································································································
27. A Letter (Prediction) (Incomplete) 373
····································································································
28. Forces of Globalization (Prediction) 373
····································································································
29. Heart (Prediction) (Incomplete) 374
····································································································
30. Abstract (Prediction) 374
····································································································
31. Paraphrasing (Prediction) 374
····································································································
32. Classical Music (Prediction) 374
····································································································
33. Study of Objects (Prediction) 375
····································································································
34. Psychology (Prediction) 375
····································································································
35. Mass Extinction (Prediction) 376
····································································································
36. School-skipping (Prediction) 376
····································································································
37. Elder Academy (Prediction) 376
····································································································
38. Australia's Dwellings (Prediction) 377
····································································································
39. Iphone (Prediction) (Incomplete) 377
····································································································
40. Drama (Prediction) (Incomplete) 377
····································································································
41. Noisy Studying (Prediction) 377
····································································································
42. Mechanical Engineering (Prediction) 378
····································································································
43. Noble Gas (Prediction) 378
····································································································
44. The Department of Fine Arts (Prediction) 378
····································································································
45. Low-cost Housing (Prediction) 379
····································································································
46. Laptop (Prediction) 379
····································································································
47. Small Lakes (Prediction) 379
····································································································
48. Biological Systems (Prediction) 380
····································································································
49. Cultural Studies (Prediction) 380
····································································································
50. Bones (Prediction) 380
····································································································
51. Society and Culture (Prediction) 381
····································································································
52. Daniel Harris (Prediction) 381
····································································································
53. Musical Experiences (Prediction) 381
····································································································
54. Wrinkle Cure (Prediction) 382
····································································································
55. Constitutional Interpretation (Prediction) 382
····································································································
56. Truancy (Prediction) 383
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57. New Republic (Prediction) 383
····································································································
58. Radioactivity (Prediction) 383
····································································································
59. Trinity Sport and Fitness (Prediction) 384
····································································································
60. Kiwi (Prediction) 384
····································································································
61. Electrons (Prediction) 385
····································································································
62. Mini Helicopter (Prediction) 385
····································································································
63. Amount of Sleep (Prediction) 385
····································································································
64. Renewable Energy (Prediction) 386
····································································································
65. Lucy (Prediction) 386
····································································································
66. Retirement (Prediction) 387
····································································································
67. Agrarian Parties (Prediction) 387
····································································································
68. Bedtimes (Prediction) (Incomplete) 388
····································································································
69. Most Respected Companies (Prediction) 388
····································································································
70. Home Appliances (Prediction) 388
····································································································
71. Underground Houses (Prediction) 388
····································································································
72. Mothers' Employment (Prediction) 389
····································································································
73. Brains or Brawn (Prediction) 389
····································································································
74. Melting Ice (Prediction) 389
····································································································
75. Sydney (Prediction) 390
····································································································
76. Life Expectancy (Prediction) 390
····································································································
77. Pop Mega-stars (Prediction) 390
····································································································
78. Linda Finch (Prediction) 391
····································································································
79. Wholeness of Thought (Prediction) 391
····································································································
80. Good Information (Prediction) 392
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81. Giant Turtle (Prediction) 392
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82. Papal Reform (Prediction) 392
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83. Good Looks in Votes (Prediction) 393
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84. When to Revise? (Prediction) 393
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85. Petrified Forest (Prediction) 393
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86. Computational Thinking (Prediction) 394
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87. Seminars (Prediction) 394
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88. Wind Moving (Prediction) 394
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89. UWS (Prediction) 395
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90. Wagonways in Germany (Prediction) 395
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91. Global Textile Industry (Prediction) 395
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92. Significance of Instinct (Prediction) 396
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93. Music in ancient Egypt (Prediction) 396
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94. The Speech of Alchemy (Prediction) 397
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95. Very Old Paris (Prediction) 397
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96. Wind (Prediction) 397
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97. DNA sequence (Prediction) 398
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98. Rudman (Prediction) 398
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99. UNEP (Prediction) 398
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100. Women’s participation in labour force (Prediction) 399
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101. Origin of Music (Prediction) 399
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102. Standard Language (Prediction) 400
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104. Conservancy (Prediction) 400
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105. Fresh Water (Prediction) 401
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106. Amazon Basin (Prediction) 401
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107. CPG (Prediction) 401
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108. Guilt and Responsibility (Prediction) 402
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109. Transportation System (Prediction) 402
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110. EE&AVG (Prediction) 402
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111. Mass-communications (Prediction) 403
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112. APS (Prediction) 403
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113. Bad Title (Prediction) 404
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114. Computer (Prediction) 404
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115. High-protein Diet (Prediction) 404
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116. Sigmund Freud (Prediction) 405
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117. Population Change (Prediction) 405
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118. Bones (Prediction) 406
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119. Interdisciplinary Centre (Prediction) 406
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120. Debt, Poverty and Development (Prediction) 407
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121. Spotted Owls (Prediction) 407
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122. Progressive Enhancement (Prediction) 408
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123. Rocket (Prediction) 408
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124. Effective Leader (Prediction) 408
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125. History Books (Prediction) 409
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126. Online Campus (Prediction) 409
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127. Disease (Prediction) 410
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128. Arbitration (Prediction) 410
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129. United Nations (Prediction) 410
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130. Sleep Patterns (Prediction) 411
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131. Politics Disciplines (Prediction) 411
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132. Australian Women Novelists (Prediction) 411
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133. Sociology (Prediction) 412
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134. Bizarre Universe (Prediction) 412
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135. Siblings (Prediction) 413
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136. Joseph Engelberger (Prediction) 413
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137. Nightjar (Prediction) 413
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138. Business (Prediction) 414
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139. Investment Choice (Prediction) 414
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140. Delegation (Prediction) 415
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141. Crime (Prediction) 415
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142. Writing Style (Prediction) 415
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143. Distance Learning (Prediction) 416
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144. Language (Prediction) 416
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145. English Language (Prediction) 417
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146. Parasitic Plants (Prediction) (Incomplete) 417
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147. Film (Prediction) 417
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148. Foreign Policy (Prediction) 417
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149. Allergies (Prediction) 418
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150. Oxford Course (Prediction) 418
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151. Museum (Prediction) 419
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152. Student-run Restaurant (Prediction) 419
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153. Dictatorship (Prediction) 420
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154. Emerald (Prediction) 420
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155. Zika (Prediction) 421
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156. Ironbridge Gorge (Prediction) 421
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157. Divorce in Australia (Prediction) 422
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158. Lumière Brothers (Prediction) 422
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159. DNA (Prediction) 422
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160. Language Deficit (Prediction) 423
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161. Chemistry (Prediction) 423
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162. Nutrition Scientists (Prediction) 423
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163. Bees (Prediction) 424
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164. Human Remains (Prediction) 424
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165. Granular Material (Prediction) 424
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166. Questionnaire (Prediction) 425
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167. Romans (Prediction) 425
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168. Cardona Salt Mountain (Prediction) 426
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169. Opportunity Cost (Prediction) 426
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170. Tutankhamun (Prediction) 427
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171. Viper (Prediction) 427
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172. Seatbelt (Prediction) 427
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173. Military Advance (Prediction) 428
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174. Hairstyles (Prediction) 428
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175. Corn People (Prediction) 428
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176. Questions (Prediction) 429
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177. Water Security (Prediction) 429
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178. Fingerprints (Prediction) 429
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179. Jury (Prediction) 430
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180. Legal Deposit (Prediction) 430
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181. Herbal (Prediction) 430
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182. Fluid Behavior (Prediction) 431
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183. Sales Jobs (Prediction) 431
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184. Trip (Prediction) (Incomplete) 432
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185. Business Emission (Prediction) 432
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186. EE and AVG (Prediction) 432
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187. Anesthetics (Prediction) 433
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188. Canadian Arctic (Prediction) 433
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189. Happy (Prediction) 433
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190. Jack Lewis (Prediction) 434
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191. Shakespeare (Prediction) 434
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192. Bookcase (Prediction) 435
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193. Business Schools (Prediction) 435
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194. Folklore (Prediction) 435
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195. Painting Movement (Prediction) 436
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196. Wolves and Willow (Prediction) 436
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197. Lauder (Prediction) 437
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198. Essay (Prediction) 437
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199. Carbon Detox (Prediction) 438
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200. David Lynch (Prediction) 438
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201. Farms (Prediction) 438
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202. Complementary Therapies (Prediction) 439
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203. Katakana (Prediction) 439
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204. Dog (Prediction) 440
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205. Space Work (Prediction) 440
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206. Wine and Ale (Prediction) 440
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207. Australia Higher Education Funding (Prediction) 441
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208. Hard Work (Prediction) 441
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209. Sales Activities (Prediction) 442
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210. Settlement (Prediction) 442
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211. Good Schools (Prediction) 443
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212. Enough Exercise (Prediction) 443
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213. Teen Writing (Prediction) 443
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214. Natural Capital (Prediction) 444
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215. Video Conference (Prediction) 444
····································································································
216. Medalists (Prediction) 444
····································································································
217. Hans Christian Andersen (Prediction) 445
····································································································
218. Pollination (Prediction) 445
····································································································
219. Egg-eating Snakes (Prediction) 446
····································································································
220. Carski Award (Prediction) 446
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221. Peter Garrett (Prediction) 446
····································································································
222. Aleutian Islands (Prediction) 447
····································································································
223. Job Hunting (Prediction) 447
····································································································
224. UN (Prediction) 448
····································································································
225. Definition of Country (Prediction) 448
····································································································
226. Jean Piaget (Prediction) 448
····································································································
227. Kimbell (Prediction) 449
····································································································
228. Burger King (Prediction) 449
····································································································
229. Ocean Floor (Prediction) 450
····································································································
230. Spanish Language (Prediction) 450
····································································································
231. Indian Onion (Prediction) 451
····································································································
232. Poverty (Prediction) 451
····································································································
233. Impressionist (Prediction) 452
····································································································
234. Edison (Prediction) 452
····································································································
235. Pinker (Prediction) 453
····································································································
236. (Prediction) 453
····································································································
237. Push and Pull (Prediction) 454
····································································································
238. Intelligence Comparison (Prediction) 454
····································································································
239. Paleoanthropologist (Prediction) 454
····································································································
240. Architectural Museum (Prediction) 455
····································································································
241. Australia and New Zealand (Prediction) 455
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242. Cloth-making (Prediction) 456
····································································································
243. Keith Haring (Prediction) 456
····································································································
244. Honorary Degree (Prediction) 457
···························································································
D. Listening 458
······································································································
Summarize Spoken Text 458
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1. Human Life (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
····································································································
2. Climate Change Experiment (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
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3. Chimpanzees (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
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4. Needs (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
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5. Stress (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
····································································································
6. Internet Growth (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 458
····································································································
7. Competition (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
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8. Patients' Recovery (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
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9. Global Marketing (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
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10. Old Buildings (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
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11. Nuts (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
····································································································
12. Group Students (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
····································································································
13. Newspaper Industry (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 459
····································································································
14. Management (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 460
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15. Competence (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 460
····································································································
16. Children's Lost Life (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 460
····································································································
17. Automatic Driving (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete) 460
····································································································
18. Sugar (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 460
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19. Remote Education (Prediction) (Incomplete) 461
····································································································
20. Fish Activities (Prediction) (Incomplete) 461
····································································································
21. Stone Balls (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 461
····································································································
22. Machines (Prediction) (Incomplete) 461
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23. Bees and Darwin (Prediction) (Incomplete) 462
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24. National Wealth (Prediction) (Incomplete) 462
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25. Sleep (Prediction) (Incomplete) 462
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26. Memory (C) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 462
····································································································
27. Memory (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 463
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28. Dancing Bees (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 463
····································································································
29. Children Directors (Prediction) (Incomplete) 463
····································································································
30. Literature in Poem (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 463
····································································································
31. Food Waste (Prediction) (Incomplete) 464
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32. Moods (Prediction) (Incomplete) 464
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33. Leadership (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 464
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34. MPA Campaign (Prediction) (Incomplete) 464
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35. Engineer and Engineering (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 465
····································································································
36. Stock Market and Business (Prediction) (Incomplete) 465
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37. Luxury Brand (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 465
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38. Paper Rejection (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 465
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39. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 466
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40. Global Economy (Prediction) (Incomplete) 466
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41. Inhabitants in Australia (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 466
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42. Food Label (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 467
····································································································
43. Survey on Happiness (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 467
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44. Human Freedom (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 468
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45. History of English (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 468
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46. Genetic Impact (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 469
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47. Sign Language (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 469
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48. HTML (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 469
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49. Housing Price in Australia (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 470
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50. Misuse of Drugs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 470
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51. Decline of Bees (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 471
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52. Change of body fat (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 471
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53. Memory (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 471
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54. Einstein (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 472
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55. Stanford Management (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 472
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56. Brand Image (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 473
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57. Agriculture and Urbanization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 473
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58. Shakespeare's Poem (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 474
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59. Curator (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 474
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60. Argument Construction (Prediction) (Incomplete) 475
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61. New Zealand (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 475
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62. Laundry History (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 476
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63. Description (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 476
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64. Wildlife as Food (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 477
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65. Ugly Building (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 477
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66. Industrial Revolution (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 478
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67. Internet (Prediction) (Incomplete) 478
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68. Architecture Design (Prediction) (Incomplete) 479
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69. IT Development (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 479
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70. The Republic (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 479
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71. Language Acquisition (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 480
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72. Definition of Risk (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 480
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73. Population Change (Prediction) (Incomplete) 481
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74. Telescope (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 481
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75. Human Minds (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 481
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76. Traveling&Transport in Paris (Prediction) (Incomplete) 482
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77. Government Tricks (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 482
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78. Youth Communities (Prediction) (Incomplete) 482
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79. Human Rights (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 483
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80. Welsh (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 483
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81. Australian Transportation (Prediction) (Incomplete) 484
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82. Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 484
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83. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 484
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84. Good Ideas (Prediction) (Incomplete) 485
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85. Body Fat Experiment (Prediction) (Audio Available) 485
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86. Power Devolution (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 485
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87. Mapping of Genes (Prediction) (Incomplete) 486
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88. Big Bang (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 486
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89. Recycling Water (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 486
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90. Basic Vocabulary (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 487
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91. Separation of Power (Prediction) (Incomplete) 487
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93. Food Production (Prediction) (Incomplete) 488
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94. Negative Emotions (Prediction) (Incomplete) 488
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95. Time Machine (Prediction) (Incomplete) 488
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96. Roman Building (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 488
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97. Climate and Crops (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 489
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98. Globalization and Detraditionalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 489
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99. Earthquake and Fault (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 489
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100. Talent War（B） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 490
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101. Canned Food (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 490
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102. Fight or Flight (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 491
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103. Wilson (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 491
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104. Indian Peasant Debt（2） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 492
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105. Vitamin D (2) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 492
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106. University Competition (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 493
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107. Marshmallow Test (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 493
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108. Krebs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 494
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109. Children Depression (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 494
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110. Smile of Mother (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 495
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111. Children Literature (Prediction) (Audio Available) 495
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112. Global Warming (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 496
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113. Monster (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 496
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114. Language Death (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 497
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115. Citizenship Education (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 497
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116. Market Economy (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 498
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117. Citizenship Development (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 498
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118. Environmental Law (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 499
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119. Economic Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 499
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120. Mr. Green (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 500
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121. Talent War（C） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 501
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122. DNA&RNA (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 501
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123. Laughter (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 502
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124. Talent War (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 502
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126. Glaciers (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 503
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127. Cocoa (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 504
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128. Sound Receptor (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 504
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129. A Novelist (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 505
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130. Drug Advertisement (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 505
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131. Modern Art (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 506
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132. English Subject (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 506
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133. Latin Writers (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 507
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135. Technological Nature (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 508
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Multiple Choice (Multiple) 509
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1. Complaints (Prediction) (Incomplete) 509
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2. Nano-gold (Prediction) (Incomplete) 509
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3. Sharks (Prediction) (Incomplete) 509
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4. Good Fat (Prediction) (Incomplete) 509
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5. Bank (Prediction) (Audio Available) 509
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Multiple Choice (Single) 511
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1. Lost Dog (Prediction) (Incomplete) 511
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2. Children Genders (Prediction) (Incomplete) 511
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3. Timetable (Prediction) (Incomplete) 511
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4. Thinking Ability (Prediction) (Incomplete) 511
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5. Media (Prediction) (Audio Available) 511
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6. Wright Brothers (Prediction) (Incomplete) 512
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7. Bibliography and Reference (Prediction) (Incomplete) 512
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8. Spy (Prediction) (Audio Available) 512
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Highlight Correct Summary 514
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1. Astronomers (Prediction) (Incomplete) 514
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2. Ambassador (Prediction) (Incomplete) 514
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3. Ugly Building (Prediction) (Audio Available) 514
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4. Pancake Ice (Prediction) (Audio Available) 515
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5. Proofreading (Prediction) (Incomplete) 515
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6. Extrovert or Introvert (Prediction) (Incomplete) 516
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Select Missing Word 517
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1. ageing population (Prediction) (Incomplete) 517
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2. Flowers (Prediction) (Audio Available) 517
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3. Eclipse (Prediction) (Incomplete) 517
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Fill in the Blanks 518
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1. Cars in America (Prediction) (Audio Available) 518
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2. Kimbell (Prediction) (Incomplete) 518
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3. The 400th Anniversary (Prediction) (Incomplete) 518
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4. Social Harm (Prediction) (Audio Available) 518
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5. Candace Galen (Prediction) (Audio Available) 519
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6. Green Chemistry (Prediction) (Audio Available) 519
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7. Weather Change (Prediction) (Audio Available) 519
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8. Radio Telescope (Prediction) (Audio Available) 519
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9. Sunflowers (Prediction) (Audio Available) 520
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10. Rebuilding Soils (Prediction) (Audio Available) 520
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11. Media (Prediction) (Audio Available) 520
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12. Entrepreneurs (Prediction) (Audio Available) 521
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13. Nanotechnology (Prediction) (Audio Available) 521
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14. Virus (Prediction) (Audio Available) 521
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15. Financial Markets (Prediction) (Audio Available) 521
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16. Oceanographer (Prediction) (Audio Available) 521
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17. Beautiful Building (Prediction) (Audio Available) 522
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18. CPG (Prediction) (Audio Available) 522
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19. Laurence Stephen Lowry (Prediction) (Audio Available) 522
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20. Water Crisis (Prediction) (Audio Available) 522
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21. Shakespeare (Prediction) (Audio Available) 523
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22. Neo-Latin (Prediction) (Audio Available) 523
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23. Public Views (Prediction) (Audio Available) 523
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24. CEO's Duty (Prediction) (Audio Available) 523
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25. Online Dating (Prediction) (Audio Available) 524
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26. Integrated Ticketing (Prediction) (Audio Available) 524
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Highlight Incorrect Words 526
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1. Poverty Ending (Prediction) (Audio Available) 526
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2. Loan Guarantee (Prediction) (Audio Available) 526
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3. Probability (Prediction) (Audio Available) 526
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4. Diabetes (Prediction) (Audio Available) 527
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5. Article (Prediction) (Audio Available) 527
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Write From Dictation 528
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A. Speaking
Read Aloud
Repeat Rate: 39%
Exam Strategy: Info: This month's exam prediction from APEUni. Real time updated.
1. Dynamics (New) (Prediction)

How quickly this occurs depends on the dynamics of fertility, mortality and overseas migration. While a
moderate pace of demographic change allows for gradual adjustment of the economy and policies to
the changing population demographics, rapid changes are more difficult to manage. As a result,
governments and society as a whole may need to take actions to address these issues.
(APEUni Website / App RA #434)
2. sleep behavior (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: about sleep behavior
3. Summary and Abstract (Prediction)

The terms summary and abstract are often used interchangeably resulting in some confusion. This
problem arises because there are two distinct types of abstracts — descriptive and informative. The
informative abstract is another name for a summary; the descriptive is not. The descriptive abstract is
usually only two or three sentences in length, hence it is not a summary or very informative.
4. Deaf Children (Prediction)

Deaf children learning a sign language could certainly pursue the development of listening and spoken
language skills if desired, and doing so would carry much less risk knowing the child would have
mastery in at least one language. If a child does not succeed in mastering either a spoken language or
a sign language, we must then ask how much benefit the child derived from interventions in each
language relative to the amount of time and resources dedicated to those interventions.
5. Drug Overdose Deaths (Prediction)

The slight decline in drug overdose deaths in 2018 coincides with Chinese regulations on the powerful
opioid carfentanil, rather than the result of domestic U.S. efforts to curb the epidemic, a new analysis
reveals. What many — including President Donald Trump — perceived as a decline in overdose deaths
in 2018, appears to be a return to the historic exponential curve.
6. European Wildcats (Prediction)

European wildcats, thought to be extinct 50 or so years ago in the Jura mountains, have since
recolonized part of their former territory. This resurgence in an area occupied by domestic cats has
gone hand-in-hand with genetic crosses between the two species. A team of biologists modeled the
interactions between the two species to predict that hybridization will entail the irreversible genetic
replacement of wildcats.
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7. X-ray (Prediction)
Using an X-ray laser, a research team has investigated how water heats up under extreme conditions.
In the process, the scientists were able to observe water that remained liquid even at temperatures of
more than 170 degrees Celsius. The investigation revealed an anomalous dynamic behavior of water,
which is of fundamental importance for the analysis of sensitive samples using X-ray lasers.
8. Aromatic Substance (Prediction)

Researchers have found a way to convert the aromatic substance vanillin into a redox-active
electrolyte material for liquid batteries. The technology is an important step towards ecologically
sustainable energy storage.
9. Barley Grains (Prediction)

University of Adelaide researchers have uncovered fundamental new information about the malting
characteristics of barley grains. They say their finding could pave the way to more stable brewing
processes or new malts for craft brewers. Published in the Nature publication Scientific Reports, the
researchers discovered a new link between one of the key enzymes involved in malt production for
brewing and a specific tissue layer within the barley grain.
10. Hydrogen Fuel (Prediction)

The power of the sun, wind and sea may soon combine to produce clean-burning hydrogen fuel,
according to researchers. A team integrated water purification technology into a new proof-of-
concept design for a seawater electrolyzer, which uses an electric current to split apart the hydrogen
and oxygen in water molecules.
11. Organic Molecules (Prediction)

New research identifies a process that might have been key in producing the first organic molecules
on Earth about 4 billion years ago, before the origin of life. The process, which is similar to what might
have occurred in some ancient underwater hydrothermal vents, may also have relevance to the search
for life elsewhere in the universe.
12. Injury or Disease (Prediction)

Injury or disease that afflicts a relatively small number of brain cells causes a chain reaction that stops
activity across a vast network of neural circuits, according to new research. The study may help to
explain why people can suffer from temporary but severe loss of cognitive function in cases of
traumatic brain injury or disease.
13. Thermometer (Prediction)

Researchers have discovered a brain molecule that functions as a 'thermometer' for the presence of
others in an animal's environment. Zebrafish 'feel' the presence of others via mechanosensation and
water movements —which turns the brain hormone on.
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14. Protein Tau (Prediction)

Researchers have found a novel form of the Alzheimer's protein tau in the fluid surrounding the brain
and spinal cord. This form of tau -- known as MTBR tau -- indicates what stage of Alzheimer's a
person is in and tracks with tangles of tau protein in the brain.
15. Effects of Alcohol (Prediction)

The evidence for the harmful effects of alcohol on brain health is compelling, but now experts have
pinpointed three key time periods in life when the effects of alcohol are likely to be at their greatest.
16. Stretchable System (Prediction)

A stretchable system that can harvest energy from human breathing and motion for use in wearable
health-monitoring devices may be possible, according to an international team of researchers.
17. Natural Networks (Prediction)

Neural networks are some of the most important tools in AI. So far, they run on traditional processors
in the form of adaptive software, but experts are working on an alternative concept, the 'neuromorphic
computer'. In this case, neurons are not simulated by software but reconstructed in hardware
components. A team of researchers has now demonstrated a new approach to such hardware -
targeted magnetic waves that are generated and divided in micrometer-sized wafers.
18. Black Hole (Prediction)

Researchers used the Frontera supercomputer to model for the first time a black hole merger of two
black holes with very different sizes (128:1). The research required seven months of constant
computation. The results predict the gravitational waves such a merger would produce, as well as
characteristics of the resulting merged black hole.
19. Smellicopter (Prediction)

A team has developed Smellicopter: an autonomous drone that uses a live antenna from a moth to
navigate toward smells. Smellicopter can also sense and avoid obstacles as it travels through the air.
20. Electric Current (Prediction)

Almost 200 years after French physicist Jean Peltier discovered that electric current flowing through
the junction of two different metals could be used to produce a heating or cooling effect, researchers
say it is time to step up efforts to find new materials for the thermoelectric cooling market.
21. Planet Nine (Prediction)

Astronomers think planets can exist in orbits far from their star, and propose a two-step process:
interactions with the star or inner planets kick it out of the inner system, and then a passing star
stabilizes the orbit to keep it bound. Such a scenario could explain the hypothesized 'Planet Nine' in
our solar system. Astronomers have now confirmed that one binary star system, HD 106906, has a
planet in a bound, highly eccentric orbit.
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22. Superhighway Network (Prediction)

Researchers have discovered a new superhighway network to travel through the Solar System much
faster than was previously possible. Such routes can drive comets and asteroids near Jupiter to
Neptune's distance in under a decade and to 100 astronomical units in less than a century. They could
be used to send spacecraft to the far reaches of our planetary system relatively fast, and to monitor
and understand near-Earth objects that might collide with our planet.
23. Burial (Prediction)

Was burial of the dead practiced by Neanderthals or is it an innovation specific to our species?
Researchers have demonstrated, using a variety of criteria, that a Neanderthal child was buried,
probably around 41,000 years ago, at the Ferrassie site (Dordogne, France).
24. Mice (Prediction)

A new study in mice finds that a high-fat diet allows cancer cells to outcompete immune cells for fuel,
impairing immune function and accelerating tumor growth. Cancer cells do so by rewiring their
metabolisms to increase fat consumption. Blocking this rewiring enhances anti-tumor immunity. The
findings suggest new strategies to target cancer metabolism and improve immunotherapies.
25. Memory Coding (Prediction)

Two new studies shed new light on how the brain encodes time and place into memories. The findings
not only add to the body of fundamental research on memory, but could eventually provide the basis
for new treatments to combat memory loss from conditions such as traumatic brain injury or
Alzheimer's disease.
26. Statistical Information (B) (Prediction)

The provision of accurate and authoritative statistical information strengthens our society. It provides a
basis for decisions to be made on public policy, such as determining electoral boundaries and where to
locate schools and hospitals. It also allows businesses to know their market, grow their business, and
improve their marketing strategies by targeting their activities appropriately.
27. Chasing the Flame (Prediction)

It is precisely in observing the intertwinings of success and failure that Chasing the Flame makes its
greatest mark. With piercing insight and relentless logic, it reveals the pitfalls of international politics
and details an intricate struggle between individual and institution. It haunts us with the poignant truth
that even a great man can do only so much to reinvent the world.
28. Problem of Funding (Prediction)

The most important issue is concerned with the problem of funding. Social services receive different
donations or grants from the government. However, these sums are not sufficient for the solution of
all problems. The second most important issue consists in the huge spending. The money social
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services achieve is not enough for normal functioning. The third problem, affecting human services, is
the lack of skilled and experienced employees.
29. Moon (Prediction)

The asteroid that slammed into the moon 3.8 billion years ago creating the Imbrium Basin may have
had a diameter of at least 150 miles, according to a new estimate. The work helps explain puzzling
geological features on the moon's near side, and has implications for understanding the evolution of
the early solar system.
30. US Market (Prediction)

The United States is at present the world's market for motor cars and trucks. An agent for the U.S.
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce reports a prosperous condition of affairs prevailing in
Japan, which is buying more automobiles, especially large cars, than ever before.
31. Madagascar (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Scientists have recommended actions the government of Madagascar's recently elected president,
Andry Rajoelina should take to turn around the precipitous decline of biodiversity and help put
Madagascar on a trajectory towards sustainable growth. Madagascar's protected areas, some of the
most important for biodiversity in the world, have suffered terribly in recent years from illegal mining,
logging, and collection of threatened species for the pet trade.
32. Disease Model (Prediction)

The disease model remains dominant in the U.S. because of its stakeholders. First, the rehab industry,
worth an estimated 35 billion dollars per year, uses the disease nomenclature in a vast majority of its
ads and slogans. Despite consistently low success rates, that's not likely to stop because it pulls in the
cash. Second, as long as addiction is labeled a disease, medical insurance providers can be required
to pay for it.
33. Self-motivation (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Research on motivation has suggested that a strong sense of autonomy is the key to developing the
healthy self-motivation that allows children and teens to pursue their goals with passion and to enjoy
their achievements. But what we see in many of the kids we test or tutor is motivational patterns that
are at the extremes of one, an obsessive drive to succeed and two, seeing little point in working hard.
34. USA Uniforms (Prediction) (Shadowing)

For the designers and engineers who spend years crafting Team USA's uniforms to offer both style
and extraordinary aerodynamics, the need to keep athletes warm in these extreme temperatures
posed an added dimension of difficulty.
35. Electricity Discoveries (Prediction)

The Royal Institution is an organization that has been around for 209 years. Many of the people that
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have worked here have been scientists themselves, including Michael Faraday. He made the
discoveries that may be generating a using electricity much easier, making it possible for us all to
switch on lights, cook our dinner, play games consoles much, much more.
36. Thesis (B) (Prediction)

A thesis is a claim that you can argue for or against. It should be something that you can present
persuasively and clearly. The scope of your paper, so keep in mind that page count. If possible, your
thesis should be somewhat original.
37. Telecommunication (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the progress are common in many
parts of the world. There is also a vast array of networks that connect these devices, including
computer, telephone and cable networks. Computer communication across the Internet, such as e-
mail and instant messaging, is just one of many examples of telecommunication.
38. Negative Immigration (Prediction) (Shadowing)

There is a tendency, especially in the popular press to concentrate on the negative effects of
immigration. In that context, this lecture listing the benefits it brings to more developed nations is
much more welcome. Also, it is delivered in a lively and amusing style.
39. Different Dimensions (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The fact is that those different types of services affect many different dimensions of well-being of
people. And defining the human well-being is also extremely challenging. However, we identified that
there are certain items providing basic material for life, whether it is food, shelter or happiness.
40. Starry Night (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Nature offers no greater splendor than the starry sky on a clear, dark night. Silent, timeless, jeweled
with the constellations of ancient myth and legend, the night sky has inspired wonder throughout the
ages — a wonder that leads our imaginations far from the confines of Earth and the pace of present
day, out into boundless space and cosmic time itself.
41. Market Research (Prediction) (Shadowing)

There are two main types of market research. Quantitative research involves collecting a lot of
information by using techniques such as questionnaires and other forms of survey. Qualitative
research involves working with smaller samples of consumers, often asking them to discuss products
and services while researchers take notes about what they have to say.
42. Microscopic Invaders (Prediction) (Shadowing)

We all know about bacteria, viruses and microscopic protozoa. We can watch the way that these tiny
agents move into our bodies and damage our organs. We have a growing understanding of how our
body mounts defensive strategies that fight off these invaders, and have built some clever chemical
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that can help mount an assault on these bio-villains.

43. Credit Unions (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Credit unions are nonprofit organizations that were imported to the United States from Germany in the
early 1900s. They were regulated in 1934 by the Federal Credit Union Act, which limits membership to
groups having a common bond of occupation or association. Groups from particular geographical
areas also were eligible to join credit unions.
44. Legal System (Prediction) (Shadowing)

This course provides an introduction to the history and development of the British legal system. Its aim
is to describe the evolution of the Common Law of England, the legal system of England and to
introduce you to the study of constitutions as law, and to the legal aspects of constitutional systems
of government.
45. Useful Resource (Prediction) (Shadowing)

This is an extremely useful resource, which ranks books and academic papers on the subject not only
in terms of their reliability but also their readability. As a result, it is likely to save students time and
effort that would otherwise have been spent working through a lot of dense texts before finding the
one they really need.
46. Closure Activities (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Closure activities allow participants to consolidate learning, say goodbye to group mates, and attend to
any unfinished business prior to the ending of the group experience. Generally, these activities involve
some reflection upon what has been learned or accomplished during the preceding time together and
a sharing of those thoughts or insights with other participants.
47. Language Acquisition (Prediction)

Thus, language acquisition might be like other biological functions. The linguistic clumsiness of tourists
and students might be the price we pay for the linguistic genius we displayed as babies, just as the
decrepitude of age is the price we pay for the vigor of youth.
48. Zoom (Prediction)

The coronavirus pandemic has shifted many of our interactions online, with Zoom video calls replacing
in-person classes, work meetings, conferences and other events. Will all that screen time damage our
vision? Maybe not. It turns out that our visual perception is highly adaptable, according to new
research.
49. Critical Protein (Prediction)

Researchers have conducted a study that has determined the role that a critical protein plays in the
development of hair cells. These hair cells are vital for hearing. Some of these cells amplify sounds
that come into the ear, and others transform sound waves into electrical signals that travel to the
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brain.
50. Child-deliverying (Prediction)

Women who deliver their first child by cesarean section (C-section) are less likely to conceive a
second child than those who deliver vaginally, despite being just as likely to plan a subsequent
pregnancy, according to researchers. The team followed more than 2,000 women for three years after
they delivered their first child.
51. Sake Yeast (Prediction)

Researchers have found that a mutant strain of sake yeast produces high levels of the amino acid
ornithine. Ornithine has been found to reduce fatigue and improve sleep quality, and the non-
genetically modified mutant yeast strain discovered in this study could be easily applied to brewing
sake, a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage, as well as wine and beer.
52. Stone Tools (Prediction)

Modern humans arrived in westernmost Europe 41,000 to 38,000 years ago, about 5,000 years earlier
than previously known, according to an international team of researchers that discovered stone tools
used by modern humans dated to the earlier time period in a cave near the Atlantic coast of central
Portugal. The tools document the presence of modern humans at a time when Neanderthals were
thought to be present in the region.
53. Brain Scans (Prediction)

Scientists studying brain scans of people who were asked to come up with inventive uses for everyday
objects found a specific pattern of connectivity that correlated with the most creative responses.
Researchers were then able to use that pattern to predict how creative other people's responses
would be based on their connections in this network.
54. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction)

Researchers have designed an artificial intelligence model that is better able to predict how much
students are learning in educational games. The improved model makes use of an AI training concept
called multi-task learning, and could be used to improve both instruction and learning outcomes.
55. Cosmic Rays (Prediction)

Killer cosmic rays from nearby supernovae could be the culprit behind at least one mass extinction
event, researchers said, and finding certain radioactive isotopes in Earth's rock record could confirm
this scenario.
56. Immune System (Prediction)

Whether flu or coronavirus, it can take several days for the body to ramp up an effective response to
a viral infection. New research describes how different cells in the immune system work together,
communicate, and - in the case of cells called neutrophils - bring about their own death to help fight
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off infections. The findings could have important implications for the development of vaccines and
anti-viral therapies.
57. Civil War (Prediction)

A new study comprehensively reveals how civil wars impact wildlife in countries affected by conflict.
Researchers found that the main impacts of civil wars on native mammals are often indirect, ultimately
arising from institutional and socioeconomic changes, rather than from direct military tactics.
58. Executive Order (Prediction)

But on May 3, a couple of weeks later, Lincoln issued an executive order calling for 43,000 three-year
volunteers for the army, and also increasing the size of the regular army and navy by 40,000 men.
Both of these actions were in apparent violation of the constitution.
59. Economies of Scale (Prediction)

If countries can specialize in certain goods they can benefit from economies of scale and lower
average cost. This is especially true in the industry with high fixed costs or that require a high level of
investment. The benefits of the economy of scale will ultimately lead to lower prices for consumers
and greater efficiency for exporting firms.
60. High Quality of Life (Prediction)

In spite of the spectacularly high quality of life for the vast majority of the people who live in the
European Union, its inhabitants seem obsessed by the region's relative decline in the world. Slow
economic growth rates and high unemployment have reinforced the impression that Europe is unhappy
with today and unsure of tomorrow.
61. Scientific Evidence (Prediction)

The latest scientific evidence on the nature and strength of the links between diet and chronic
diseases is examined and discussed in detail in the following sections of this report. This section gives
an overall view of the current situation and trends in chronic diseases at the global level.
62. Economic Well-being (Prediction)

The current measure has remained virtually unchanged over the past 30 years. Yet during that time,
there have been marked changes in the nation's economy and society and in public policies that have
affected families' economic well-being, which is not reflected in the measure.
63. Case Approach (Prediction)

It was found that while many companies express interest in Jacobson's use case approach, actual
scenario usage often falls outside what is described in textbooks and standard methodologies. Users
therefore face significant scenario management problems not yet addressed adequately in theory or
practice, and are demanding solutions to these problems.
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64. Australian Mining Industry (Prediction)

Australia has one of the world's most important mining industries. It is a major exporter of coal, iron
ore, gold and copper and is self-sufficient in all minerals bar petroleum. Since the first discoveries, the
coal in 1798, mineral production has risen every year in the decade to 1992 it doubled.
65. Succulent Plants (Prediction)

Most succulent plants are found in regions where there is little rainfall, dry air, plenty of sunshine,
porous soils and high temperatures during part of the year. These conditions have caused changes in
plant structures, which have resulted in greatly increased thickness of stems, leaves and sometimes
roots, enabling them to store moisture from the infrequent rains.
66. Atlantic Coast (Prediction)

The Atlantic coast of the peninsula can be thought of as the cold side, and the sea on this coast
tends to be clear and cold, with a variety of seaweeds growing along the rocky shoreline. On a hot
day, however, this cold water can be very refreshing and is said to be less hospitable to sharks, which
prefer warmer waters.
67. Second World War (Prediction)

For the first two or three years after the Second World War, a new title would often sell out within a
few months of publication. However, unless public demand for the book was unusually high, they were
rarely able to reprint it. With paper stocks strictly rationed, they could not afford to use up precious
paper or tie up their limited capital with a reprint.
68. Bergson's Theory (Prediction)

The starting point of Bergson's theory is the experience of time and motion. Time is the reality we
experience most directly, but this doesn't mean that we can capture this experience mentally. The
past is gone and the future is yet to come. The only reality is the present, which is real through our
experience.
69. Constellation (Prediction) (Shadowing)

A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of stars forms an imaginary outline
or pattern, typically representing an animal, mythological person or creature, or an inanimate object.
The origins of the earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory.
70. Financial Crisis (Prediction)

New research shows that during the global financial crisis, workers who stayed in jobs did not reduce
their working hours, despite the claims that cuts in hours have led to job losses. A study found that
the life of people who stayed with the same employer remained relatively unchanged.
71. Microbes (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Investigators also compared those microbes with those living in 52 other soil samples taken from all
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around the planet. The park had organisms that also exist in deserts, frozen tundra, forests,
rainforests, and prairies. Antarctica was the only area that had microbes that did not overlap with
those found in Central Park. Only a small percentage of the park’s microbes were found to be already
listed in databases.
72. Tourism (Prediction)

Tourism is a challenging sector on which divides statistics since businesses serving tourists, also
service local people. Therefore, it is not straightforward to estimate how much business sectors'
revenues and how many jobs are due to tourist expenditures.
73. Father (B) (Prediction)

Every morning, no matter how late he had been up, my father rose at 5:30, went to his study, wrote
for a couple of hours, made us all breakfast, read the paper with my mother, and then went back to
work for the rest of the morning. Many years passed before I realized that he did this by choice, for a
living, and that he was not unemployed or mentally ill.
74. Information Technology (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The emergence of information technology has created new products, processes and distribution
systems. New products include the computer, the Internet and digital TV; new processes include
Internet banking, automated inventory control and automated teller machines; and new distribution
systems include cable and satellite TV.
75. Heterogeneous Student (Prediction) (Shadowing)

To work effectively with the heterogeneous student populations found in our schools, educators have
the responsibility of acknowledging the cultural backgrounds of their students and the cultural setting
in which the school is located in order to develop effective instructional strategies.
76. Informative Speech (Prediction)

The purpose of the informative speech is to provide interesting, useful, and unique information to your
audience. By dedicating yourself to the goals of providing information and appealing to your audience,
you can take a positive step toward succeeding in your efforts as an informative speaker.
77. Rural Population (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Thus, a country might possess a sizeable rural population, but have an economic system in which the
interests of the voters were predominantly related to their incomes, not to their occupations or
location; and in such a country the political system would be unlikely to include an important agrarian
party.
78. Black Swan （B） (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Before the discovery of Australia, people in the old world were convinced that all swans were white, an
unassailable belief as it seemed completely confirmed by empirical evidence. The sighting of the first
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black swan might have been an interesting surprise for a few scientists, but that is not where the
significance of the story lies.
79. Becoming Carbon-neutral (Prediction) (Shadowing)

You used to think that being green was a luxury for your company, but climate change has made you
realize that you can no longer ignore it. The buzz is about becoming carbon-neutral, but where do you
start? Consider your drivers. Do you want to become carbon-neutral for marketing reasons, for
financial reasons or to help save the planet?
80. Yield of Plants (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The maximum yield of plants, determined by their genetic potential, is seldom achieved because
factors such as insufficient water or nutrients, adverse climate conditions, plant diseases, and insect
damage will limit growth at some stage. Plants subjected to these biotic and abiotic constraints are
said to be stressed.
81. Colloquialism (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Australian speak English of course. But for many tourists and even some locals, Australian English has
only tenuous links with mother tone. Our speech is prepared with words and phrases whose arcane
meanings are understood only by the initiate. It is these colorful colloquialisms that Australian slang set
to truly explain.
82. Girls v.s. Boys (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Teenage girls are continuing to outperform boys in English while the gender gap in achievements in
math and science has almost disappeared. The figures show that last year 80% of 14 year old girls
reached at least the expected level 5 in English, compared with 65% of boys. But in math, the girls are
just 1% ahead of boys, while in science the difference is 2%.
83. Man-made Light (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Have you ever pictured a world without light? Just think how much we rely on man-made light sources
in our lives. Without engineers, we wouldn't be able to live the way we do. No street lights, no TV, no
computer display, no house lights. Engineers design and build all these things, and they also design,
build and run the electricity systems that power all these light sources.
84. Learning Method (Prediction) (Shadowing)

There is no single method of learning that guarantees success. How we learn that depends on many
different factors. And what works best for you will not necessarily be the same as the approach used
for the other students even they study the same course. We are all unique as learners, although some
patterns emerge from any groups of students.
85. Values of Literature (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Certainly one of the important values of literature is that it nourishes our emotional lives. An effective
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literary work may seem to speak directly to us especially if we are ripe for it. The inner life that good
writers reveal in their characters often gives us glimpses of some portion of ourselves. We can be
moved to laugh, cry, tremble, dream, ponder, shriek, or rage with a character by simply turning the
page instead of turning our lives upside down.
86. Only Family (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Imagine living all your life as the only family on your street. Then, one morning, you open the front
door and discover houses all around you. You see neighbors tending their gardens and children walking
to school. Where did all the people come from? What if the answer turned out to be that they had
always been there — you just hadn't seen them?
87. Internal Combustion Engine (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Internal combustion engine enables the driver to decide which source of power is appropriate for the
travel requirements of a given journey. Major US auto manufacturers are now developing feasible
hybrid electric vehicles, and some are exploring fuel-cell technology for their electric cars.
88. Online Shopping (Prediction) (Shadowing)

A unique characteristic of online shopping environments is that they allow vendors to create retail
interfaces with highly interactive features. One desirable form of interactivity from a consumer
perspective is the implementation of sophisticated tools to assist shoppers in their purchase decisions
by customizing the electronic shopping environment to their individual preferences.
89. Beauty Contests (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Beauty contests, whether it's Miss Universe or Miss Teen International, are demeaning to women and
out of sync with the times. Opponents say that they are nothing more than symbols of decline. Since
Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen
International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this
country.
90. MBA (Prediction)

Exhilarating, exhausting and intense. There are just some of the words used to describe doing an
MBA. Everyone’s experience of doing MBA is, of course, different through denying that it’s hard and a
demanding work whichever course you do. MBA is one of the fastest growing areas of studying in the
UK so that must be a sustainable benefit against form in one pain.
91. Educational Demand (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Public demand for education has remained strong, reflecting the importance of education as a means
of social progress. Aware of the social value of education to the world of the work, the government
continues to innovate and update the education system in order to produce a qualified and competent
work force.
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92. Abstract Preparation (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The preparation of abstracts is an intellectual effort, requiring general familiarity with the subject. To
bring out the salient points of an author’s argument calls for skills and experience. Consequently, a
considerable amount of qualified manpower that could be used to advantage in other ways must be
diverted to the task of facilitating access to information.
93. Tea Ceremony (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The Japanese tea ceremony is a ritual tour influenced by Buddhism in which green tea is prepared and
served to a small group of guests in a peaceful setting. The ceremony can take as long as four hours
and there are many traditional gestures that both the server and the guest must perform.
94. Recycling (Prediction) (Shadowing)

When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume
natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw
material from the Earth, through mining and forestry. Recycling helps conserve important raw materials
and protects natural habitats for the future.
95. Companies (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Companies will want to be known not just for the financial results they generate, but equally for the
imprint they leave on society as a whole. First, ensuring that their products contribute positively.
Second, operating in a way that approaches a "net-neutral" impact to the natural environment. And
third, cherishing their people.
96. Examination (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The department determines whether or not the candidate has passed the examination. In cases where
an appearance for the final public oral examination would constitute a substantial financial hardship for
the candidate, the director of graduate studies may recommend to the dean of the Graduate School
that the examination be waived.
97. Measurable Benefit (Prediction)

Perhaps the most measurable benefit of the program has been the opportunity to me in small groups,
something that is difficult to arrange such a desperate organization. Many officers would have to work
together for thirty years but would not know other's strengths and weaknesses.
98. Domestic Division (Prediction)

Traditional divisions of domestic work are understood to persist because of the strong association of
the home with femininity and paid work with masculinity - to challenge who does what in the home is
arguably tantamount to challenging what it is to be a woman or a man.
99. Nutritionally Bankrupt (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Globalization has affected what we eat in ways we are only beginning to understand. Modern food
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production no longer relates to our biological needs but is in direct conflict with them. The relationship
between diet and our fertility, our risk of cancer, heart disease and mental illness is becoming clearer.
Yet much of our food is nutritionally bankrupt.
100. Actor Training (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Training to become an actor is an intensive process which requires curiosity, courage and
commitment. You’ll learn how to prepare for rehearsal, how to rehearse and how to use independent
and proactive processes to achieve your best work possible for stage and screen.
101. Orientalists (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Orientalists, like many other nineteenth-century thinkers, conceive of humanity either in large
collective terms or in abstract generalities. Orientalists are neither interested in nor capable of
discussing individuals; instead, artificial entities predominate. Similarly, the age-old distinction between
"Europe" and "Asia" or "Occident" and "Orient" herds beneath very wide labels of every possible
variety of human plurality, reducing it in the process to one or two terminal collective realities.
102. Hazard Assessment (Prediction) (Shadowing)

A Hazard Assessment should be performed for work involving distillations of organic liquids and should
thoroughly address issues relating to residual water and possible decomposition of the solvent in
question, as well as the physical placement of the distillation apparatus and heating equipment to be
employed.
103. Business School Admission (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Business school admissions officers said the new drive to attract younger students was in part the
result of a realization that they had inadvertently limited their applicant pool by requiring several years'
work experience. Talented students who might otherwise have gone to business school instead opted
for a law or policy degree because they were intimidated by the expectation of work experience.
104. Elephant (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The elephant is the largest living land mammal. During evolution, its skeleton has greatly altered from
the usual mammal, designed for two main reasons. One is to cope with the great weight of huge
grinding cheek teeth and elongated tusk, making the skull particularly massive. The other is to support
the enormous bulk of such a huge body.
105. Shrimp Farm (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Shrimp farmers used to hold animals in nursery ponds for 30 to 60 days; now they try to move them
into grow-out ponds in less than 30 days. This reduces stress on the animals and dramatically
increases survivals in the grow-out ponds. Many farms that abandoned nursery ponds have gone back
to them, and the results have been surprisingly positive. They're using the old, uncovered, earthen,
nursery ponds.
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106. Statistical Information (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The provision of accurate and authoritative statistical information strengthens modern societies. It
provides a basis for decisions to be made on such things as where to open schools and hospitals, how
much money to spend on welfare payments and even which football players to replace at half-time.
107. Slang (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Australians do speak English. However, for some tourists and travelers, it can be difficult to
understand the slang. Also, the links between Australian and American English were seen to be very
tenuous. At least some colloquialisms in Australian English do not exist in other types of English.
108. Brain (Prediction)

The brain is divided into its 'hemispheres' by a prominent groove. At the base of this lies nerve fibers
which enable these two halves of the brain to communicate with each other. But the left hemisphere
usually controls movement and sensation in the right side of the body, while the right hemisphere
similarly controls the left side of the body.
109. Grand Canyon 2 (Prediction)

Few things in the world produce such amazement as one's first of glimpse of the Grand Canyon; it
took around more than 2 billion years to create this vast wonder - in some places. 17 miles wide,
largely through the relentless force of Colorado River, which runs 277 miles along its length, a mile
beneath its towering rims.
110. Electric Car (Prediction) (Shadowing)

First-year university students have designed and built a groundbreaking electric car that recharges
itself. Fifty students from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Engineering spent five months cobbling
together bits of plywood, foam and fiberglass to build the ManGo concept car. They developed the
specifications and hand built the car. It's a pretty radical design: a four-wheel drive with a motor in
each wheel.
111. Tesla (Prediction)

Tesla's theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power systems.
Thomas Edison promised him almost one million dollars in today's money to undertake motor and
generator improvement. However, when Tesla asked about the money, Edison reportedly replied
"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor." The pair became arch-rivals.
112. MBA Students (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Along with customary classes on subjects such as finance, accounting, and marketing, today's MBA
students are enrolling on courses for environmental policy and stewardship. Indeed, more than half of
business schools require a course in environmental sustainability or corporate social responsibility,
according to a survey of 91 US business schools, published in October 2005.
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113. Fast Food (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Hundreds of millions of American people eat fast food every day without giving it too much thought,
unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They just grab their tray off
the counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in. The whole experience is transitory
and soon forgotten.
114. Bookkeeper Fraud (Prediction) (Shadowing)

A national study into fraud by bookkeepers employed at small and medium-sized businesses has
uncovered 65 instances of theft in more than five years, with more than $31 million stolen. Of the
cases identified by the research, 56 involved women and nine instances involved men. However, male
bookkeepers who defrauded their employer stole three times, on average, the amount that women
stole.
115. Restaurant Location (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The physical location of a restaurant in the competitive landscape of the city has long been known as
a major factor in its likely success or failure. Once restaurants are established in such environments
they can do little about their location. All they can do is work to improve customer access to their
premises. Restaurateurs often do this by engaging in battles with local authorities about car parking.
116. Black Swan (Prediction)

Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white. Dutch
mariner, Antonie Caen, was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia's Black swans on the Shark
Bay in 1636. Explorer Willem de Vlamingh captured two of these creatures on Australia's Swan River
and returned with them to Europe to prove their existence. From that point on, black swans and
Australia have been closely linked.
117. Semiconductor Industry (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The semiconductor industry has been able to improve the performance of electronic systems for more
than four decades by making ever-smaller devices. However, this approach will soon encounter both
scientific and technical limits, which is why the industry is exploring a number of alternative device
technologies.
118. Legal Writing (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Legal writing is usually less discursive than writing in other humanities subjects, and precision is more
important than variety. Sentence structure should not be too complex; it is usually unnecessary to
make extensive use of adjectives or adverbs, and consistency of terms is often required.
119. Lenient Parents (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Two sisters were at a dinner party when the conversation turned to upbringing. The elder sister started
to say that her parents had been very strict and that she had been rather frightened of them. Her
sister, younger by two years, interrupted in amazement. "What are you talking about?" she said. "Our
parents were very lenient."
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120. Russia (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Long isolated from Western Europe, Russia grew up without participating in the development like the
Reformation that many Russians taking pride in their unique culture find dubious value. Russia is, as a
result, the most unusual member of the European family, if indeed it is European at all. The question is
still open to debate, particularly among Russians themselves.
121. Choice of Book (Prediction) (Shadowing)

This book is no ordinary book, and should not be read through from beginning to end. It contains many
different adventures, and the path you take will depend on the choices you make along the way. The
success or failure of your mission will depend on the decisions you make, so think carefully before
choosing.
122. The UN (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Since its inception, the UN system has been working to ensure adequate food for all through
sustainable agriculture. The majority of the world's poorest people live in rural areas of developing
countries. They depend on agriculture and related activities for their livelihoods. This makes them
particularly vulnerable to man-made and natural influences that reduce agricultural production.
123. Language Appearance (Prediction) (Shadowing)

It seems that language appeared from nowhere since no other species has anything resembling human
language. However, other animals do possess basic systems for perceiving and producing sounds that
enable them to communicate. These systems may have been in place before the appearance of
language.
124. Marketing Management (Prediction) (Shadowing)

For any marketing course that requires the development of a marketing plan, such as Marketing
Management, Marketing Strategy and Segmentation Support Marketing, this is the only planning
handbook that guides students through the step-by-step creation of a customized marketing plan
while offering commercial software to aid in the process.
125. Electronic Discourse (Prediction)

Electronic discourse is one form of interactive electronic communication. In this study, we reserve the
term for the two-directional texts in which one person using a keyboard writes language that appears
on the sender’s monitor and is transmitted to the monitor of a recipient, who responds by keyboard.
126. Magnetar (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The best comparison is likely a magnetar, a young neutron star with a powerful magnetic field, the
researchers said. Magnetars also produce bright X-ray flares. While magnetars are thought to be
young stars, the two flaring objects in this study reside near elliptical galaxies, which contain older
stars. So the objects are likely too old to be magnetars, the researchers said.
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127. Free Market (Prediction)

The free market is extremely competitive and companies are constantly trying to gain an edge over
their rivals. Merchandising and brand image play a major role in attracting customers, but they often
lead to over-packaging. This is a serious problem since most packaging these days are made of
plastics which are not biodegradable. Some people blame the manufacturers for their blatant
disregard, while others point the finger at consumers.
128. December Sales (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Weakness in electronics, auto and gas station sales dragged down overall retail sales last month, but
excluding those three categories, retailers enjoyed healthy increases across the board, according to
government figures released Wednesday. Moreover, December sales numbers were also revised
higher.
129. Private Equity (Prediction) (Shadowing)

It isn't rare for private equity houses to hire grads fresh out of business school, he said, but 9 times
out of 10, the students who nab these jobs are the ones who had private equity experience under their
belt before even starting their MBA program.
130. Most Important Things (Prediction)

Food is one of the most important things you'll ever buy. And yet most people never bother to think
about their food and where it comes from. People spend a lot more time worrying about what kind of
blue jeans to wear, what kind of video games to play, what kind of computers to buy.
131. Carbon Dioxide Emission (Prediction) (Shadowing)

When countries assess their annual carbon dioxide emissions, they count up their cars and power
stations, but bush fires are not included presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond
human control. In Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand hectares burn each year; in
both 2004 and the present summer, the figure has been over 1 million hectares.
132. Tulip (Prediction) (Shadowing)

How do we imagine the unimaginable if we're asked to think of an object - say, a yellow tulip - a
picture immediately forms in our mind's eye. But what if we try to imagine a concept such as the
square root of a negative number?
133. Vanilla (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The uniquely scented flavor of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world’s palate.
It’s also the second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labor intensive cultivation methods
and the plant’s temperamental life cycle and propagation mean production on a global scale is
struggling to keep up with the increasing demand for the product.
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134. Industrial Revolution (Prediction) (Shadowing)

As to the Industrial Revolution, one cannot dispute today the fact that it has succeeded in
inaugurating in a number of countries a level of mass prosperity which was undreamt of in the days
preceding the Industrial Revolution. But, on the immediate impact of the Industrial Revolution, there
were substantial divergences among writers.
135. Linguistic Diversity (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The diversity of human language may be compared to the diversity of the natural world. Just as the
demise of plant species reduces genetic diversity, and deprives humanity or potential medical and
biological resources. So extinction of language takes with it a wealth of culture, art and knowledge.
136. Studying Topics (Prediction)

In classes, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information that they provide
will be important to know when you take tests. You must be able to take good written notes from what
your teachers say.
137. Population Growth (Prediction) (Shadowing)

How quickly is the world's population growing? In the United States and other developed countries, the
current growth rate is very low. In most developing countries, the human population is growing at a
rate of nearly 3 people per second. Because of this bustling growth rate, the human population is well
on its way to reaching 9 billion within lifetime.
138. Pay Scheme (Prediction) (Shadowing)

If bonus or “incentive pay” schemes work so well for senior executives and bankers, why does
everyone not get them? After all, many jobs involve making important decisions or taking risks. Is there
anything about corporate decisions and financial risks that makes these categories of work special in
terms of how they need to be incentivised and rewarded?
139. Solar Energy (Prediction)

Solar energy is an excellent source of supplying power to homes and companies and by utilizing solar
power you’re not merely protecting the environment from becoming polluted but also you are saving
the rest of the earth’s natural resources. Capturing solar energy does not contribute to any pollution
and does not harm the atmosphere. One of the factors why many individuals are still hesitant to make
use of solar power is because it is expensive. The need of big location of space is another reason why
people aren’t taking into consideration solar power.
140. Written Examinations (Prediction)

Written examinations are a fact of life for most high school and university students. However，recent
studies have shown that this traditional form of assessment may not be an accurate indicator of
academic performance. Tests have shown that many students experience anxiety during exam
weeks，which leads to poorer results. As a result, some learning institutions are replacing exams with
alternative assessments such as group work and oral presentations.
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141. Pluto (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Pluto lost its official status as a planet yesterday, when the International Astronomical Union
downsized the solar system from nine to eight planets. Although there had been a passionate debate
at the IAU General Assembly Meeting in Prague about the definition of a planet, and whether Pluto
met the specifications, the audience greeted the decision to exclude it with applause.
142. Productive Capacity (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The core of the problem was the immense disparity between the country’s productive capacity and
the ability of people to consume. Great innovations in productive techniques during and after the war
raised the output of industry beyond the purchasing capacity of U.S. farmers and wage earners.
143. Cross-Protection (Prediction)

Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same sort of
mutualism in microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-
protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli
bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to chloramphenicol.
144. Augustus (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Augustus was given the powers of an absolute monarch, but he presented himself as the preserver of
republican traditions. He treated the Senate, or state council, with great respect, and was made
Consul year after year. He successfully reduced the political power of the army by retiring many
soldiers, but giving them land or money to keep their loyalty.
145. Blue (Prediction) (Shadowing)

While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least appetizing. Blue food is rare in
nature. Food researchers say that when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or
spoiled objects, which were often blue, black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study
subjects, they lose appetite.
146. The Speaker (Prediction)

It is difficult to tell whether the speaker approves of Hemingway's lifestyle or not. He was famously
macho and spent a lot of time hunting wild animals, going to wars and getting into fights. All these
things got into his books, and the speaker thinks that this is not necessarily a good thing as it means
that too many people prefer reading about his life to his books.
147. Botanic Gardens (Prediction)

Botanic gardens are scientific and cultural institutions established to collect, study, exchange and
display plants for research and for the education and enjoyment of the public. There are major
botanic gardens in each capital city. Zoological parks and aquariums are primarily engaged in the
breeding, preservation and display of native and exotic fauna in captivity.
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148. Charles Darwin (Prediction)

Charles Darwin published his paper "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. It is one of the most well-
known pieces of scientific literature in human history. In the paper, Darwin proposes the theory of
natural selection. He states that for any generation of any species, there will always be a struggle for
survival. Individuals who are better suited to the environment are "fitter", and therefore have a much
higher chance of surviving and reproducing. This means that later generations are likely to inherit
these stronger genetic traits.
149. Long-distance Fliers (Prediction)

The researchers think that long-distance fliers such as the American golden-plover and the white-
rumped sandpiper picked up the spores while lining their nests. Then when the birds arrive in new
places they molt, leaving behind the feathers and their precious cargo-to start growing again at the
other end of the world.
150. Foreign Plant (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Although it hails from a remote region of the western Himalayas, this plant now looks entirely at home
on the banks of English rivers. Brought to the UK in 1839, it quickly escaped from Victorian gardens
and colonized river banks and damp woodlands. Now it is spreading across Europe, New Zealand,
Canada and the US.
151. Flattened World (Prediction) (Shadowing)

The beginning of the twenty-first century will be remembered, not for military conflicts or political
events, but for a whole new age of globalization - a 'flattening' of the world. The explosion of
advanced technologies now means that suddenly knowledge pools and resources have connected all
over the planet, levelling the playing field as never before.
152. Fiscal Year (Prediction) (Shadowing)

At the beginning of each fiscal year, funds are allocated to each State account in accordance with
the University's financial plan. Funds are allocated to each account by objects of expenditure. Account
managers are responsible for ensuring that adequate funds are available in the appropriate object
before initiating transactions to use the funds.
153. Botswana (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Although Botswana's economic outlook remains strong, the devastation that AIDS has caused
threatens to destroy the country's future. In 2001, Botswana had the highest rate of HIV infection in
the world. With the help of international donors it launched an ambitious national campaign that
provided free antiviral drugs to anyone who needed them, and by March 2004, Botswana's infection
rate had dropped significantly.
154. A Book (Prediction)
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So, as much as this is a book about the experience of traveling – the contemplation of cities that are
vast in scale and villages that are as remote and strange as anything Westerners are ever likely to
encounter – it is also a book that tries to describe another kind of journey.
155. Market Research (Prediction)

Market research is a vital part of the planning of any business. However experienced you or your staff
may be in a particular field, if you are thinking of introducing a service to new area, it is important to
find out what the local population thinks about it first.
156. Heavily Hunted Species (Prediction)

It's not that human activities didn't impact wildlife at all of course. Heavily hunted species, like white-
tailed deer, grey squirrels, and raccoons, were photographed somewhat less often in hunted areas.
Coyotes showed up more often in hunted areas. While most species didn't avoid hiking trails, the
predators actually preferred them.
157. Human Predilection (Prediction)

Networking is easy and fun because it taps into this human predilection to talk about ourselves when
asked. Consider successful networking as little more than the process of guiding a person to tell you
about his life, what he's doing, the company that employs him, and his current industry.
158. Material and Non-material (Prediction)

For the purposes of argument, culture is divided into material and non-material, and the speaker's aim
is to show how they both affect each other. Material developments in tools and technology can affect
non-material culture, our customs and beliefs, and the other way around. Genetics is used as an
example as it has changed the way we think about life, but also our beliefs have affected its rate of
development.
159. Historian (Prediction)

As a historian, if you really want to understand the sensibilities of those who lived in the past, you
must be like a novelist and get into the skins of your characters and think and feel as they do. You are
asked to imagine what it's like to be a peasant in medieval times, asking the sort of questions a
peasant might ask. What the writer is saying is that a historian needs imaginative sympathy with
ordinary people in the past.
160. Donor Countries (Prediction)

In 2005, donor countries agreed on an accord to harmonize their practices. Since then, aid officials
have complained that too little has changed on the ground. Conferences of donors in developing
countries still tend to be dominated by a small group of north European governments, with the US
often absent.
161. Possession of Arms (Prediction)
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Unlike the United Kingdom, which has taken a relatively restrictive approach to the possession of
arms, the United States has taken a more lenient approach. In the United States, three models have
evolved regarding the interpretation of the meaning of the right to bear and keep arms as delineated
in the Second Amendment.
162. Introvert and Extrovert (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Introverts (or those of us with introverted tendencies) tend to recharge by spending time alone. They
lose energy from being around people for long periods of time, particularly large crowds. Extroverts, on
the other hand, gain energy from other people. Extroverts actually find their energy is sapped when
they spend too much time alone. They recharge by being social.
163. Radio Burst (Prediction)

First discovered in 2007, 'fast radio burst' continue to defy explanation. These cosmic chirps last a
thousandth of a second. The characteristics of the radio pulses suggested that they came from
galaxies billions of light-years away. However, new works points to a much closer origin-flaring star
within our own galaxy.
164. Administration Option (Prediction)

Another administration option is to bake marijuana at a relatively low temperature to kill any dangerous
microorganisms and then allow that patient to eat it or drink it. Both of these methods of
administration make smoking the drug unnecessary. However, criticism of medical marijuana has also
been raised because as a natural plant, it cannot be patented and marketed by pharmaceutical
companies and is unlikely to win widespread medical acceptance.
165. Methodology (Prediction)

Certain types of methodology are more suitable for some research projects than others. For example,
the use of questionnaires and surveys is more suitable for quantitative research whereas interviews
and focus groups are more often used for qualitative research purposes.
166. Cat's Paws (Prediction)

In the photo, the wild cat's huge paws are clamped onto the side of the white safari Jeep in which
Chappell was a passenger. Almost as tall as the Jeep on her hind legs, she appears to be forcing her
muzzle into the back window.
167. Modern Buildings (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Modern buildings have to achieve certain performance requirements, at least to satisfy those of
building codes, to provide a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment. However, these conditioned
environments demand resources in energy and materials, which are both limited in supply, to build and
operate.
168. Alphabet (Prediction) (Shadowing)
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The problem begins with the alphabet itself. Building a spelling system for English using letters that
come from Latin - despite the two languages not sharing exactly the same set of sounds - is like
building a playroom using an IKEA office set.
169. Moods (Prediction)

Moods may also have an effect on how information is processed, by influencing the extent to which
judges rely on pre-existing, internal information, or focus on new, external information. Positive moods
promote more holistic and top-down processing style, while negative moods recruit more stimulus-
driven and bottom-up processing.
170. Avi Loeb (Prediction)

“The situation is similar to a pregnant woman that has twin babies in her belly,” says Avi Loeb of the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. He's proposing the idea in a paper that's been accepted
for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
171. Domestication (Prediction)

Domestication is an evolutionary, rather than a political development. They were more likely to survive
and prosper in an alliance with humans than on their own. Humans provided the animals with food and
protection, in exchange for which the animals provided the humans their milk and eggs and yes --
their flesh.
172. Akimbo (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Akimbo, this must be one of the odder-looking words in the language and puzzles us in part because
it doesn't seem to have any relatives. What's more, it is now virtually a fossil word, until recently
almost invariably found in arms akimbo, a posture in which a person stands with hands on hips and
elbows sharply bent outward, one signaling impatience, hostility, or contempt.
173. Yellow (Prediction)

Yellow is considered as the most optimistic color. Yet surprisingly, people lose their tempers more
often in yellow rooms and babies cry more in them. The reason may be that yellow is the hardest color
for eyes to take in. So it can be overpowering if overused.
174. Shakespeare (Prediction) (Shadowing)

A young man from a small provincial town -- a man without independent wealth, without powerful
family connections and without a university education -- moved to London in the late 1580's and, in a
remarkably short time, became the greatest playwright not of his age alone but of all time. How was
this achievement of magnitude made? How did Shakespeare become Shakespeare ?
175. Lincoln (Prediction) (Shadowing)

Lincoln's apparently radical change of mind about his war power to emancipate slaves was caused by
the escalating scope of war, which convinced him that any measure to weaken the Confederacy and
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strengthen the Union war effort was justifiable as a military necessity.

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Repeat Sentence
Repeat Rate: 46%
Audio Available: There're available audio records for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.
1. Good research presents many benefits to the real people. #1073 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
2. You should include your name and identity number in the registration form. #1072 (New)
(Prediction) (Audio Available)
3. Half of the marks in mathematics are allocated to the correct working. #1071 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
4. What is the most effective way of interaction between teachers and students in class? #971 (New)
5. The development in the information technology has greatly changed the way people work. #935
(New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
6. I would like the assignment less than 2000 words. #902 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
7. We can meet in my office after the lecture. #827 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
8. The sports team members often practice on weekdays and play games on weekends. #867
9. The office opens on Wednesday and Thursday. #370 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
10. You need to read the chapter before the management class. #863 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
11. Talented people do special marketing. #707 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
12. I have a sandwich and milk for my breakfast. #1070 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
13. The course will be tested at the end of the semester. #1069 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
14. Biographical information should be removed prior to the publication of the results. #1068
15. The United States is the largest chocolate manufacturing country. #1067 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
16. Children are not allowed to be in the laboratory at any time. #719 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
17. If you forget your password, you need to contact the student center. #1066 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
18. If you forget your passport, you need to contact the student center. #1065 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
19. The quality of our accommodation is high, but it is still affordable for students. #1064 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
20. An extra lecture is about to be scheduled at the end of this week to assist you with revision.
#1063 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
21. Can you help me complete this new questionnaire that university asks for? #1062 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
22. I guess, the only way to make up for all the lost time is by doing overtime. #1059 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
23. It was a groundbreaking discovery, but they had to pay a very high price for it. #1056 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
24. Public speaking is one of the qualities they were seeking among the candidates. #1054
25. What is the best possible way to get the work permit for this job? #1053 (Prediction)
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(Audio Available)
26. You need a valid visa letter from the department to join the workforce. #1048 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
27. You are supposed to provide your research efforts to your project coordinator. #1044 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
28. The newly discovered star was a subject to global debate about its origin. #1034 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
29. Wearing a mask is one of the best ways to curb the pandemic. #1033 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
30. During an official ceremony, a memorandum of understanding was signed by the academic dean.
31. Please be careful when using internet sources. #1030 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
32. Globalization problems need to find globalized solutions. #1029 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
33. Biology is the backbone of many specialized courses in the university. #1025 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
34. Please be careful when using online translation programs. #1024 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
35. All course materials will be posted online. #1023 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
36. If you need help, I can give you a hand in finding a flat. #1022 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
37. The course comprises twenty hours of lectures, seminars and tutorials each week. #1021
38. Professor Gordon just called me a few minutes ago. #1014 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
39. You need to use a Bunsen burner and a test tube. #1013 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
40. Her father prevented me from talking to her. #1008 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
41. There won't be any space for me in the car. #1007 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
42. Read the fitness center instructions before attempting to use the equipment. #1005 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
43. The books are filled with drawings of machines invented when he was a student. #1004
44. Our tutorial will take place on the second floor in room one. #1000 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
45. The library offers group study rooms, so you can work with other students. #999 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
46. Proficiency in a foreign language may be demonstrated by assessment. #998 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
47. The burning of fossil fuels leads to pollution and global warming. #997 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
48. I think we can all agree that being fluent in two languages is a good thing. #996 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
49. 85% of people say they fear speaking in public. #994 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
50. When we are stressed, our skin releases a natural chemical, a hormone, that repels mosquitoes.
51. People tend to be least happy in middle age. #991 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
52. I think of those leaders who inspire us to go beyond the call of duty. #985 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
53. If you want to receive the reimbursement, you must submit the original receipts. #980
54. Please read the first five chapters to prepare for next week's tutorial. #978 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
55. When the demand for the course rose, university authorities took on additional academic staff.
Page 69 of 542

56. I will be in my office every day from 11 to 12. #976 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
57. Being a vegan means not consuming any animal product. #974 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
58. The university supplies a number of scholarships for those who have specific goals. #919
59. I would like an egg and tomatoes on white sandwich bread with orange juice. #640 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
60. Applicants for the course preferably have a degree in English or journalism. #516 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
61. Opposition to the government tax policies is widespread across business sectors. #350
62. Residence hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time in the semester. #357
63. The health center is situated at the corner of the university behind the library. #569 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
64. The cafeteria closes soon but the snack machine is accessible throughout the night. #826
65. The puppets do comedy routines and there is some terrific formation dancing. #225 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
66. Only those who are over 18 years of age are eligible to open a bank account in our bank. #243
67. Ideally, free trade is beneficial to both trading partners. #968 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
68. All applications of internship are available in the office. #967 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
69. Robert Frost thinks the rural area is livable for people in New England. #965 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
70. This is how we deliver health care to millions of people over the world. #964 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
71. A thorough bibliography is needed at the end of every assignment. #961 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
72. I'm glad you arrived here with safety. #963 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
73. Contemporary critics dismissed his idea as eccentric. #960 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
74. The translator is not available in our department. #958 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
75. My laptop has crashed and cannot save any file. #957 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
76. You must ensure you do not include too much irrelevant information. #953 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
77. You can pay by cash or using a credit card. #951 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
78. You are required to submit the assignment before Friday. #949 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
79. We are required to submit the assignment before Friday. #948 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
80. They have enough works to keep them going. #947 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
81. The United States has developed a coffee culture in recent years. #945 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
82. The lecture theatre one is located on the ground floor of the Pack Building. #944 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
83. Most printers in the library are out of ink. #941 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
84. Is the hypothesis on black hole rendered moot as the explanation of astrophysics? #939
85. I can give you a hand if you need help. #936 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
86. The company number of bankruptcy skyrocketed in the third quarter. #934 (Prediction)
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(Audio Available)
87. Our capacity to respond to national needs will determine our ability to flourish. #933 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
88. In my free time, I would like to read current affairs and newspapers. #930 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
89. Negative discourse continues to be predominant in discussions about gender. #929 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
90. The trip for the professional training will start soon, so pack the items before we leave. #927
91. The competency of the language in the assignment is to use more formal words. #926
92. In the dark, before the dawn, the plane was assembled. #925 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
93. Lots of students had money and passports stolen especially at night. #924 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
94. The books reserved in the library can be borrowed for up to 3 hours. #920 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
95. The number of bankruptcy skyrocketed in the third quarter. #918 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
96. We would like a videotape for the lecture. #912 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
97. Internet provides unusual opportunities for students and current events. #911 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
98. Children can share their lunch at around noon. #910 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
99. The university has a number of travel scholarships that students can apply for. #909 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
100. I don't like cheese and tomato sandwiches on white bread and orange juice. #907 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
101. To answer such a complex question with a simple yes or no is absolutely impossible. #905
102. Fishing is a sport and a means for surviving. #904 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
103. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. #901 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
104. Since the problems we face are global, we need to find the global solutions. #900 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
105. Many of the universities' original buildings are still in use. #899 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
106. The key to success in the exam is to study hard and do well. #898 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
107. We will study the following two pictures in the next lecture. #896 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
108. Companies are aiming to earn the money not to change the society. #895 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
109. We need to read the first five chapters to prepare for next week's tutorial. #894 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
110. It is good for the environment also good for your electricity bill. #893 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
111. As a student union member, we can influence the change of the university. #892 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
112. Animals grow larger and stronger to help them to hunt better. #891 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
113. The new English class will start next Monday morning. #890 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
114. The generic biology technology lab is located at the North Wing of the library. #888 (Prediction)
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(Audio Available)
115. Don’t hesitate to email me if you have any questions. #883 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
116. She feared becoming an object of ridicule. #874 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
117. There are varying approaches to plagiarism across different university departments. #691
118. The timetable will be posted on the website before the class starts. #868 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
119. Students should book a library tour on the first week of the first semester. #864 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
120. In 1880, cycling became a major phenomenon in Europe. #134 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
121. The hypothesis on black hole is rendered moot as the explanation of the explosion. #103
122. Care needs to be taken for vulnerable groups during the periods of turmoil. #859 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
123. The older equipment has been put at the back of the building. #853 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
124. The genetic biology technology lab is located at the North Wing of the library. #850 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
125. Expertise in particular areas distinguishes you from other graduates in a job interview. #842
126. Make sure the financial director knows the full details of the pay agreement. #834 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
127. Students are competing for every place in the computer courses. #824 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
128. Our school of arts and technology accepts applications at all points throughout the year. #811
129. There are a range of housing options near the university. #810 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
130. All sources of materials must be included in your bibliography. #807 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
131. Native discourse continues to be predominant in discussion of gender. #806 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
132. She told the faculty to be very supportive. #796 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
133. Many undergraduate students go back home to stay with their parents after graduation. #788
134. Nearly half of television outputs are given away for educational program. #782 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
135. The minimum mark for Distinction grade is no less than 75%. #780 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
136. Number the beakers and put them away until tomorrow. #775 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
137. Organic food is grown without applying chemicals and the process is without artificial additives.
138. I used to have coffee with milk and one sugar. #764 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
139. I would like tomato and cheese sandwiches on white bread and orange juice. #762 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
140. You can only choose one subject from biology and media. #760 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
141. If you want to sell all your books, it must have a list of bibliography. #757 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
142. The student service center is located on the main campus behind the library. #752 (Prediction)
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(Audio Available)
143. I don't understand what the comment of my essay means. #750 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
144. A renowned economist is selected to have a speech tonight at eight. #721 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
145. We didn't have any noticeable variance between the two or three tasks. #354 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
146. You should enquire about the direct deposit. #35 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
147. The search for universal explanations plays an important role in the development of
archaeological theory. #882 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
148. We are constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture close together. #875
149. Environmental friendliness is a new category in which campuses are competing. #873
150. She is an expert of the eighteenth century French literature. #862 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
151. History is not a simple collection of dates and events. #849 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
152. Newspapers across the world are reporting stories of presidents. #843 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
153. Student loans are now available for international students. #839 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
154. Physics is a detailed study of matter and energy. #836 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
155. All lectures’ handouts are downloadable on the university website. #829 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
156. This small Indian state is a land of forests, valleys and snowy islands. #823 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
157. I’m glad you got here safely. #821 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
158. He was constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture together. #817 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
159. Globalization has been an overwhelming urban and urbanization phenomenon. #816 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
160. You should include your name and identification number on the registration form. #808
161. To receive the reimbursement, you must keep the original receipts. #799 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
162. The wheelchair lift has been upgraded this month. #793 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
163. The visiting professor is going to give a lecture on geology. #792 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
164. The office opens on Mondays and Thursdays directly following the freshman seminar. #785
165. The first few sentences of an essay should capture the readers' attention. #776 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
166. The current statistical evidence indicates the need of further research. #773 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
167. The course registration is open early March for new students. #772 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
168. The author expressed an idea that modern readers inevitably cannot accept. #766 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
169. Students can download the materials from the website. #763 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
170. Sport is the main cause of traumatic brain injuries in the United States. #759 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
171. She used to be everywhere, but today she is missing. #758 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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172. The Resident's hall is closed prior to the closing time of the academic building at the end of the
semester. #756 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
173. Put the knife and fork next to the spoon near the edge of the table. #754 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
174. Please finish all the reading chapters before the field trip. #753 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
175. Meeting with tutors could be arranged for students who need additional help. #744 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
176. Many of the urban poor lived in an extremely cramped condition. #743 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
177. It’s time to finalize the work before the Wednesday seminar. #740 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
178. Elephant is the largest land living mammal. #731 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
179. Don’t forget to hand in your assignments by the end of next week. #730 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
180. The context includes both the land history and the human history. #727 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
181. Conferences are always scheduled on the third Wednesday of the month. #725 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
182. Basketball was created in 1891 by a physician and a physical instructor. #723 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
183. All undergraduate students should participate in the seminar. #717 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
184. A computer virus has destroyed all my files. #702 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
185. You can change your courses on the website during the registration period. #783 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
186. Your watch is fast, you need to reset it. #700 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
187. You can pay using cash or a credit card. #353 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
188. It is good for the environment also good for your bill. #382 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
189. You can find the student service center on level one of Home Building. #709 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
190. Please do not bring food into the classroom. #708 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
191. Please pass the handouts along to the rest of the people in your row. #699 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
192. To measure distance could take as much as three weeks. #698 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
193. Vessels carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body. #686 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
194. Proteins constitute at least thirty percent of the total mass of all living organisms. #681
195. A science-based approach is vital for effective advancements. #674 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
196. The gap between the rich and the poor did not decrease rapidly as expected. #669 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
197. The professor will be the last speaker this evening. #668 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
198. We would like a first draft of the assignment by Monday. #666 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
199. Our university has strong partnerships with industry as well as collaborative relationships with
government bodies. #664 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
200. What distinguishes him from others is the dramatic use of black and white photography. #663
201. A lot of people who have up until now been spending money having a good time now need to be
more careful with their money. #662 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 74 of 542
202. Organic food is growing without applying chemicals and no artificial additives. #660 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
203. Meeting with mentors can be scheduled for students who require additional support. #648
204. The US ranks twenty-second in foreign aid, given it as a percentage of GDP. #647 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
205. Leading scientists speculate that numerous planets could support life forms. #637 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
206. That country's economy is primarily based on tourism. #636 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
207. The study of archaeology requires intensive international fieldwork. #635 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
208. She doesn't even care about anything but what is honest and true. #632 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
209. Higher fees cause the student to look more critically at what universities offer. #631 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
210. During that period, heavy industry grew rapidly in the north of the country. #627 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
211. The lecture management in Japan will take place in the week seven. #562 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
212. You can retake the module if your marks are too low. #621 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
213. Please explain what the author means by sustainability. #618 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
214. Hypothetically, insufficient mastery in the areas slows future progress. #616 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
215. Once more under the pressure of economic necessity, practice outstripped theory. #615
216. Our class is divided into two groups. You come with me, the others stay here. #609 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
217. You can find the students service desk located on the ground floor of the whole building. #589
218. Would you prepare some PowerPoint slides with appropriate graphs? #588 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
219. We need to hand in our assignments by the end of the/this week. #586 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
220. We are delighted to have professor Robert to join our faculty. #584 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
221. Try to explain how your ideas are linked so that there is a logical flow. #580 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
222. This lecture was meant to start at 10. #574 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
223. There will be ample opportunities to ask questions about the presentation. #571 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
224. There is varying plagiarism across different university departments. #568 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
225. There is no entrance fee for tonight’s lecture. #567 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
226. There are varying plagiarism across different university departments. #565 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
227. The thoughts never cross my mind. #558 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
228. The Psychology Department is looking for volunteers to be involved in research projects. #550
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229. The clear evidence between brain events and behavioral events is fascinating. #541 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
230. The bookshop is located at the north of main campus. #535 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
231. Physiology is the study of internal and external structure of the body. #528 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
232. The agricultural sector in that country has been heavily subsidized. #525 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
233. Students will not be given credits for assignments submitted after the due date. #522
234. She was always here, but today she is missed. #517 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
235. On this project, you will be asked to work as a group of three. #514 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
236. No more than four people can be in the lab at once. #511 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
237. Meteorology is a detailed study of earth’s atmosphere. #509 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
238. John went rushing off down the corridor. #506 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
239. It is important to take gender into account when discussing the figures. #502 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
240. In Europe, the political pressure is similar regarding globalization. #499 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
241. If you forgot your student number, you should contact Jenny Brice. #496 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
242. I didn’t understand the author’s point of view on immigration. #479 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
243. Every year, students pass biology course easily. #470 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
244. Reserved collection of books can be borrowed up to three hours. #467 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
245. A preliminary bibliography is due the week before the spring break. #449 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
246. The topic next week on colonialism will be the nuclear disarmament. #448 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
247. The library is located at the other side of the campus behind the student center. #447
248. Residence Hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time in the semester. #446
249. A demonstrated ability to write clear, correct and concise English is bigotry. #444 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
250. Many students are so scared of writing essays, because they never learned how. #442
251. Many health workers think that pensioners are too old to understand. #441 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
252. In consultation with your supervisor, your thesis is approved by the faculty committee. #440
253. There will be open book exams on Monday the 28th. #435 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
254. The program depends entirely on private funding. #434 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
255. The first person in space was from the Soviet Union. #426 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
256. People with an active lifestyle are less likely to die early or to have a major illness. #424
257. I could not save my work as my computer got crashed. #421 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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258. I was overwhelmed with too much irrelevant information. #420 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
259. Interpreters are not readily available in this department. #417 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
260. To understand its entity, we need to go back to its origin. #416 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
261. The tutor is there for help, so do ask if you don't understand anything. #413 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
262. Biographical information should be removed before the publication of the results. #412
263. Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures. #411 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
264. The verdict depends on which side was more convincing to the jury. #410 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
265. Unfortunately, the two most interesting economic electives clash on my timetable. #401
266. It is acknowledged that his work is groundbreaking. #399 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
267. Even with the permit, finding a parking spot on campus is still impossible. #397 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
268. She has been in the library for a long time. #392 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
269. The real reason for global hunger is not the lack of food, but poverty. #390 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
270. Being a vegan means not eating any meat. #386 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
271. Remember to sign the attendance register before leaving the lecture hall. #384 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
272. 39.5% California residents don’t speak English at home. #381 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
273. 39.5% California residents speak a language other than English at home. #379 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
274. The minimal mark for distinction is 75%. #377 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
275. The glass is not the real solid, because it doesn't have crystal structure. #372 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
276. Students are afraid of writing an essay, because they have learned nothing about it. #371
277. The professor has promised to put his lecture notes online. #364 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
278. Just wait a minute, I will be with you shortly. #360 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
279. The original Olympic game is one kind of original festival. #347 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
280. Rules about breaks and lunch time vary from one company to another. #346 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
281. Company exists for money, not for society. #344 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
282. Acupuncture is a technique involved in traditional Chinese medicine. #342 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
283. Don't forget to do a library tour on the first week of your semester. #340 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
284. Knives and forks should be placed next to the spoon on the edge of the table. #338
285. New York City is famous for its ethnic diversity. #323 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
286. The mismatch between the intended and reported uses of the instrument has become clear.
287. Students can get access to computers on a daily basis. #311 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
288. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. #305
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289. The student welfare officer can help with questions about exam techniques. #299 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
290. The English word Typhoon comes from the Chinese word big wind. #295 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
291. Please hand in assignments at the main office. #289 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
292. A lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work. #283 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
293. Make sure you correctly cite all your sources. #264 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
294. But we have confirmed the dates and planned the optional extra visits. #49 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
295. If you are unable to complete the task in time please notify me by email. #148 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
296. Anyone who feels ill should visit our medical center. #120 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
297. Extra seminars will be scheduled to assist you with revision. #33 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
298. Next time, we'll discuss the influence of the media on public policy. #1 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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Describe Image
Repeat Rate: 51%
1. Air Composition (New) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about compositions of air. The items include oxygen, nitrogen,
and other gases. You can see from this graph that, in oxygen, the value is around 20 percent. You
can see from this graph that, in other gases, the value is around one percent, which is lower. You can
see from this graph that, in nitrogen, the value is around seventy-nine percent，which is the highest.
You can also see from this graph that, in oxygen, the color is pink. And other gases include carbon
dioxide, argon and water vapour. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #554)
2. Main Hall (New) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about a floor plan. The items include a main hall, an office, a
kitchen and toiltes. You can see from this graph that there is a main hall, which is in the upper area of
the plan. You can see from this graph that there are toilets for males and females，which are on the
right of the plan. You can see from this graph that there is a toilet for the handicapped，which is in
Page 79 of 542
the bottom right corner with a sign of wheelchair. You can see from this graph that there are a
kitchen in the bottom left corner and an office in the middle of the plan. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
3. Stationary Shopping (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Two pictures. The left: in a stationary store, a white woman in pink sweater with her daughter
in the arms, and the daughter with a pink bag on the back. The right: the daughter with the bag in the
arms and pens in the hand standing in the stationary store alone.
4. Recycling (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about different types of recycling. The items include thermal
recycling, chemical recycling, and material recycling. You can see from this graph that, in unrecycling,
the value is around one point eighty-five million tons. You can see from this graph that, in material
recycling, the value is around two million tons, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in
thermal recycling, the value is around five point two million tons，which is the highest. You can also
see from this graph that, in chemical recycling, the value is around zero point thirty-eight million tons,
which is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
5. Renewable Energy (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about renewable energy. The items include heating and cooling,
transport and power. You can see from this graph that there are two thermometers in heating and
cooling，which is fifty-one percent with ten percent renewable energy in it. You can see from this
graph that there are a ship and a plane in transport，which is thirty-two with three percent renewable
energy in it. You can see from this graph that there is a plug in power，which is seventeen with
twenty-six renewable energy in it. You can see from this graph that there is an arrow below
power，which means an increase of the share of renewable energy. It’s a beautiful picture and it
shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
6. Internet Users (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about internet users who accessed via mobile phone. The items
include sixteen to twenty-four, fifty-five to sixty-four, and sixty-five plus. You can see from this
graph that, in forty-five to fifty-four, the value is around thirty-two percent. You can see from this
graph that, in thirty-five to forty-four, the value is around fifty, which is higher. You can see from this
graph that, in sixteen to twenty-four, the value is around seventy percent，which is the highest. You
can also see from this graph that, in sixty-five plus, the value is around eight percent, which is the
lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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7. Ship Lock (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about how a ship lock works. It shows how the process is done.
The items include a ship lock, a ship, dams, and pipes under the bottom. You can see from this graph
that the first step is that the upstream gate opens and the ship goes into the lock. You can see from
this graph that the second step is that the upstream gate closes and the water level evens. You can
see from this graph that the third step is that the downstream gate opens and the ship moves out of
the lock. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
8. Coffee House (B) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about a coffee house. The items include a sale clerk, a
customer and the counter. You can see from this graph that there is a wooden counter，which is
brown and has some glass coffee kettles and cups on it. You can see from this graph that there is a
female sale clerk in pink，who is smiling and has a POS terminal and a paper bag in the hands. You
can see from this graph that there is a male customer，who is in a blue T-shirt and passing a blue
card to the clerk. You can see from this graph that there are a blackboard and some cupboards on
the wall. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
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9. E-waste (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about E-waste. The items include electronic waste, electric
waste, and their percentages. You can see from this graph that, in electronic waste, the value of
monitors is around ten percent. You can see from this graph that, in electronic waste, the value of
computers, telephones, fax and printers is around fifteen percent, which is higher. You can see from
this graph that, in electric waste, the value of washing machines, dryers, air-conditioners, vacuum
cleaners is around thirty percent，which is the highest. You can also see from this graph that, in
electronic waste, the value of televisions is around ten percent, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
10. World Population Structure (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the world population structure. The items include
developed countries, less developing countries, and developing countries. You can see from this graph
that, in developing countries, the value of age below forty-five is around one billion. You can see from
this graph that, in less developed countries , the value of age above sixty-five is around one point two
billion, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in less developed countries, the value of age
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below forty-five is around two billion，which is the highest. You can also see from this graph that, in
developed countries, the value of age above sixty-five is around nine hundred million, which is the
11. Historic Gardens (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about historic garden noticeboard. The items include icons,
characters and background. You can see from this graph that there is a notice board，which is saying
'please respect and enjoy these historic gardens' with black characters. You can see from this graph
that there is a notice board，which has three red icons and one green icon on it. You can see from
this graph that there are forbidden icons，which say 'no cycling', 'no drinking' and 'no football'. You
can see from this graph that there is a permitted activity on the board，which is a guide dog. It’s a
beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
12. Mosquito Life Cycle (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the mosquito life cycle. It shows how the process is done.
The items include adult, eggs, larva and pupa. You can see from this graph that the first step is the
adult laying eggs into water. You can see from this graph that the second step is eggs developing as
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the larva below the water surface. You can see from this graph that the third step is the larva
developing as the pupa. You can see from this graph that the next step is the adult emerging on the
water surface. The final step is a new fully developed adult flying out of water. In conclusion, this
13. Ice Thickness (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about minimal ice thickness guidelines. The items include an
adult, a kid, a car and a truck. You can see from this graph that, in the kid, the value of ice thickness
is around four inches. You can see from this graph that, in the sled, the value of ice thickness is
around five to seven inches, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in the green truck, the
value of ice thickness is around twelve to fifteen inches，which is the highest. You can also see from
this graph that, in the adult, the value of ice thickness is around zero, which is the lowest. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
14. Women in Labor Force (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about women in the labor force. The items include percentage,
years, and marital status. You can see from this graph that, in nineteen twenty, the value of married is
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around ten percent. You can see from this graph that, in nineteen ten, the value of not married is
around sixty percent, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in nineteen ninety, the value
of not married is around eighty percent，which is the highest. You can also see from this graph that,
in nineteen hundred, the value of married is around five percent, which is the lowest. In conclusion,
this graph is very informative.
15. Wind Power Capacity (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about wind power global capacity. The items include years,
gigawatts, wind mill and clouds. You can see from this graph that the value of 1997 is around seven
point six gigawatts. You can see from this graph that the value of 1998 is around 10 gigawatts, which
is higher. You can see from this graph that the value of 2012 is around two hundred and eight-three
gigawatts, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that the value of 1996 is around 6.1
gigawatts, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
16. Disadvantaged Backgrounds of Students (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about percentage of students from disadvantaged backgrounds
entering university in England. The items include years and student percentages. You can see from
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this graph that the value of two thousand and seven is around twelve percent. You can see from this
graph that the value of two thousand and eight is around thirteen percent, which is higher. You can
see from this graph that the value of twenty fourteen is around eighteen, which is the highest. You
can see from this graph that the value of two thousand and six is around eleven percent, which is the
17. World Population Density (B) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about world population density. The items include Asia, Africa,
America and Europe. You can see from this graph that the values of central Europe and some eastern
areas of the United States are around 350 people per square kilometer. You can see from this graph
that the values of coastal areas of north Africa, southeast Asia and Turkey are around 400, which are
higher. You can see from this graph that the values of eastern China and India are around 700 people
per square kilometer, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that the values of Antarctic,
northern Russia and the inland area of Australia are around 0, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this
18. Dining Table (Prediction)
Answer:
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The following graph gives information about people at dining table. The items include tableware, table
and food. You can see from this graph that there is a brown table，which is made of wood and
surrounded by adults and babies. You can see from this graph that there is a lot of tableware on the
table，which includes forks and knives. You can see from this graph that there are some
drinks，which are water, orange juice and wine. You can see from this graph that there is some salad
in a glass bowl，which is in the middle of the table. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things.
In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
19. Wash Your Hands (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the way hands are washed. It shows how the process is
done. The items include 'rub fingertips', 'rub palms with fingers interlaced', and 'rinse with water', and
so on. You can see from this graph that the first step is to wet the hands. You can see from this
graph that the second step is to take liquid soap. You can see from this graph that the third step is to
rub hands to lather. You can see from this graph that the next step is to rub hand backs. You can see
from this graph that the next step is to rub thumbs. The final step is to rinse well with running water.
20. Instant Coffee (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about instant coffee. It shows how the process is done. The
items include adding coffee beans, adding sugar, and stirring. You can see from this graph that the
first step is adding coffee beans to a cup with a spoon and a tray. You can see from this graph that
the second step is adding sugar from a sugar pack. You can see from this graph that the third step is
stirring the beans and sugar with the spoon. You can see from this graph that the next step is adding
boiling water to the cup with a kettle. The final step is the instant coffee completed. In conclusion, this
21. Personal Protection (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about personal protection. The items include a worker, helmets
and rubber boots. You can see from this graph that there is a worker wearing a yellow helmet and a
pair of brown gloves, who is standing in the middle of the graph. You can see from this graph that
there is a pair of goggles on the face of the worker, which protects his eyes. You can see from this
graph that there is a pair of earplugs worn by the worker, which protects his ears. You can see from
this graph that there is a blue T-shirt worn by the worker, which is under the yellow overall. You can
see from this graph that there is a pair of rubber boots worn by the worker, which protects his feet.
It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
22. Coffee Processing (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about making instant coffee. It shows how the process is done.
The items include roasting, extraction, cooling, concentration, and drying. You can see from this graph
that the first step is to process coffee beans or green coffee by roasting. You can see from this graph
that the second step is extraction. You can see from this graph that the third step is to have soluble
coffee ingredients cooled. You can see from this graph that the next step is concentration. You can
see from this graph that the next step is drying. The final step is instant coffee ready to sell. In
23. Fruits and Vegetables Market (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about a fruit and vegetable Market. The items include market
stalls, products, traders and customers. You can see from this graph that there are bunches of
bananas, which are yellow and piled next to green grapes on the stall. You can see from this graph
that there is a woman standing in front of the stall, who is buying some green vegetables, with a black
plastic bag on the left arm. You can see from this graph that there are many basins，which are red
and blue, and put on the electronic balances. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In
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24. Rhino Distribution Comparation (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about rhino distribution. The items include Pakistan, India,
Bangladesh and Nepal. You can see from this graph that there is inferred historic distribution in the
north of Pakistan and India. You can see from this graph that there is inferred historic distribution in
the south of Nepal and the north of Bangladesh. You can see from this graph that there is current
distribution only in some black spots in Nepal and the Northeast of India. You can see from this graph
that there is no rhino distribution in Myanmar. In conclusion, the rhino distribution has decreased
sharply.
25. Coffee House (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about a coffee house. The items include sale clerks, customers
and the counter. You can see from this graph that there is a coffee house，which is bright with
sunshine through big windows. You can see from this graph that there is a female sale clerk in white
and black，who is smiling and taking a customer's order on an ipad. You can see from this graph that
there is a male customer，who is wearing glasses with black rims and a blue T-shirt. You can see
from this graph that there are some coffee facilities including cabinets and coffee makers，which are
behind the sale clerks It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is
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very informative.
26. Music Revenues (Prediction)
Answer:
The following line chart gives information about music revenues by dollars from 1977 to 2017.
According to the line chart, the blue area means the physical revenue, which drops from sixteen billion
in nineteen seventy eight to nine billion in nineteen eighty two, before reaching the highest point,
twenty two billion in two thousand. Then the green area means the digital revenue, which rises from
zero in two thousand and five to seven billion in twenty seventeen. In conclusion, we can find the
physical revenue is always higher than the digital revenue. The following graph gives information about
music revenues by dollars from 1977 to 2017. The items include physical revenue in blue and digital
revenue in green. You can see from this graph that, in physical revenue, the value of nineteen seventy
eight is around sixteen billion. You can see from this graph that, in physical revenue, the value of two
thousand is around twenty two billion, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in digital
revenue, the value of two thousand and five is around zero, which is the lowest. You can see from this
graph that, in digital revenue, the value of twenty seventeen is around seven billion, which is the
highest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
27. A Food Chain (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about a food chain. It shows how the process is done. The items
include bees, small fish, bear, and a tree. You can see from this graph that the first step is bees
feeding on flowers of the tree. You can see from this graph that the second step is small fish feeding
on bees. You can see from this graph that the third step is a bear feeding on fish and a fish skeleton
remaining. You can see from this graph that the next step is the dead bear decaying into a skeleton.
The final step is dead bear nourishing the tree. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
28. Upper Arms (B) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about different species' upper limbs. The items include human
arm, seal limb, bird wing, and bat wing. You can see from this graph that, in human, hand, wrist and
fingers are smaller than those in seal limb. You can see from this graph that, in bird wing, radius and
ulna are thin and short. You can see from this graph that, in bat wing, humerus is thinner than that in
seal limb. You can see from this graph that, in bat wing, there is a wing membrane connecting fingers.
29. Grape (Prediction)
Answer:
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The following graph gives information about how grape comes to customers. According to the graph,
the first step is purple grape ripening on the vine, followed by the second step, in which the grape is
loaded onto a truck and transported. After that, the third step is the grape conveying on a conveyer
belt, followed by the fourth step, in which the grape is stowed into a brown paper box as its package.
The final step is the grape loaded in a cart, which means the grape reaches customers. In conclusion,
30. South American Rainforest (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the rain forest distribution in South America. According to
this graph, the largest part of rain forest is in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Suriname, which is
tropical rain forest, coloured with light green. We can also see a narrow, long stretch of tropical rain
forest lying along the eastern coast of South America, next to Atlantic Ocean. And aother stretch is
located along the northwest coast of South America, next to Pacific Ocean. We see temperate rain
forests in Chile, the southmost area of South America, coloured with dark green. In conclusion, this is
an informative map.
31. Formation of Iceberg (Prediction)
Answer:
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The following graph gives information about the formation of iceberg. The steps is snow, which comes
down from the sky. The second step is snow turning into ice sheet on the bedrock, which is coloured
brown. According to this graph, the third the ice sheet continuing to stretch beyond the ground line
into the sea, which means the formation of ice shelf. The forth step is the ice shelf melting with warm
ocean water. The final step is small part of the ice shelf coming off and iceberg coming into being. In
32. UK Income by Age&Gender (Prediction)
Answer:
The following line chart gives information of median pre-tax income by age and gender in the UK.
According to the graph we can see three lines, in which the blue one is male, the red one both, and
the green one female. We can see male rises from 12 thousand at under 20, reaches the highest point
of 30 thousand at 45 to 49, and falls to the lowest point of 18 thousand at 70 to 74. We can also see
female rises from 11 thousand, reaches the highest point of 21 thousand at 30 to 34, and falls to the
lowest point of 15 thousand at and over. Finally both reaches the highest point of 25 thousand at 35 to
39, and falls to the lowest point of 17 thousand at and over. In conclusion female is the lower than
both, with both lower than male.
33. Product Life Cycle (Prediction)
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Answer:
This line chart gives the information about product life cycle, in which sales vary in different periods of
time. There are four phases in the line chart, which are intro, growth, maturity and decline. In intro,
sales rise from zero, followed by growth, in which sales keep rising. In maturity, sales reach the highest
point, and then in decline, sales begin to drop gradually. In conclusion, this line chart gives very
thorough information about product life cycle.
34. Computer Then and Now (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture gives a comparison between computer then and now. In the left half, there is a primitive
computer with a black and white screen, a green keyboard, and a black panel, which is very
cumbersome and can only be placed on the ground. In the right half, there is a modern computer with
a blue screen, a black keyboard and a black mouse, which is light-weight and is also called desktop. In
conclusion, this picture about computer then and now is very informative.
35. Water Cycle (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about water cycle in nature. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include evaporation, transportation, precipitation and surface run-off. According to this
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graph, the first step is evaporation in the sun, with water forming clouds into the sky from the blue
sea. The second step is clouds' transportation into the sky above green and grey mountains, followed
by the third step of precipitation, in which water forms surface run-offs. The final step is surface run-
offs going to the sea. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
36. Germination (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture gives information about the process of germination. In the first step, a seed is buried in
the soil, before it develops its green embryo in the second step. In the third step, the seed coat begins
to peel off and the black root begins to grow. After that, the light green cotyledon can be seen and
the seed rises from the soil. Finally, the dark green foliage leaves grow. In conclusion, this picture tells
how a seed grows.
37. Penguin (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about heights of penguins. According to this graph, emperor is
the tallest, which is about 1.2 meters tall. After that, the second tallest penguin is king, which is about
1 meter. The third tallest penguin is gentoo, then chinstrap and macaroni. The smallest penguin is
adelie, which is less than 0.7 meter tall. In conclusion, this graph compares the heights of several
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kinds of penguin.
38. Journeys in the UK (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about journeys made in the UK in 2006 according to their
purpose. The items include walking, education, shopping, personal business, school run, day trip, sport,
entertainment, and commuting. According to this graph, in walking, the value of men and women are
around 4%. You can see from this graph that the highest value of women is in shopping, which is
23%, and the highest value of men is in commuting and business, which is 23%. In conclusion, men
and women have the lowest value in holiday and day trip, which around 3%.
39. Number of Texts (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about adults versus teens, number of texts on a typical day. The
items include None, one to ten, eleven to twenty, twenty-one to fifty and one hundred and one plus.
You can see from this graph that, in None, the value of adults is around 9%. You can see from this
graph that, in None, the value of teens is around 2%, which is lowest. You can see from this graph
that, in one to ten, the value of adults is around 51%, which is the highest. You can see from this
graph that, in eleven to twenty, the value of teens is around 11%, which is the second lowest. In
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40. Auditorium (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about an auditorium. This is a very beautiful picture, and it
shows a number of things. According to this graph, there are seven columns of seats, which are red.
Followed by that, there is a small dais standing in front of the seating area. You can see from this
graph that the indoor lighting is very bright. You can also see from this graph that there is a big and
white projection screen behind the dais. There are six windows in the walls. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
41. Commuting Time (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about commuting time in different regions in Britain, 2014. The
items include London, Yorkshire, South east, North west, and South west. According to this graph, in
London, the value of the commuting time is around 107 minutes, which is the highest value. You can
see from this graph that the second highest value of the commuting time is in East of England, which
is 71. The lowest value of commuting time is in South west, which is around 56. In conclusion, London
has the highest value of commuting time.
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42. China Age Group (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about age group in China. The items include male, female, age
group, and the population. According to this graph, in male, the population of age from 20 to 24 is
around 52 million, and that of age from 0 to 4 is lower, which is around 45 million. You can see from
this graph that the highest population of age from 80 to 84 is in female, which is around 10 million.
You can also see from this graph that the lowest population of age from 90 to 94 is in male, which is
around 0.5 million. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
43. Tomato Life Cycle (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about how a tomato seed can become a tomato plant. It shows
how the process is done. The steps include tomato seed, a young plant, a mature plant, a flower, and
a fruit. According to this graph, the first step is tomato seed, which is in a tomato fruit cut in half.
According to this graph, the second step is to become a young tomato plant, which is green. You can
see from this graph that the third step a mature tomato plant with green leaves rooted in brown soil,
followed by a flower as the fourth step. The final step is a red fruit that comes out of the flower, and
the cycle will start over. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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44. Sweden Government Budget (Prediction)
Answer:
The graph gives information about the Sweden government budget in 2018. According to this graph,
expenditure SEK is 999 billion, which is in a blue bar, followed by revenue SEK of 1043 billion, which is
in an orange bar. According to the center of the graph, it shows that surplus is plus 44, which is in a
white circle. In addition, there is a white cube in the lower left corner, and there is a white 2018 in the
upper left corner. According to this graph, the background is dark blue. in conclusion, this graph is
about Sweden government budget in 2018, and it's very informative.
45. Green Bin Program (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about stuff in the rubbish bin. This is a very beautiful picture,
and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, at the upper area, there is a lot of
acceptable food scrap including egg shell, fish bone, soiled paper, noodle, plate scraping, vegetable
and orange, surrounding a rubbish bin. The colour of the bin is grey. You can see from this graph that,
at the lower area, there is a lot of unacceptable items including disposable lunch-box, diaper, animal
waste, plastic container, flowerpot. The colour of the lunch-box is white. And the colour of the
flowerpot is brownish red. You can see from this graph that, at the background, there is comparison
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between acceptable and unacceptable items in the rubbish bin. In conclusion, this picture is very
informative.
46. UK Media (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about media in UK. The items include internet, TV, newspaper
and radio. According to this graph, in internet, the value of 2005 is around 60%, and that of 2003 is
lower, which is around 50%. You can see from this graph that the highest value of 2001 is in radio,
which is 63%. In conclusion, newspaper has the lowest value in 2005, about 3%.
47. Sitting Posture (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture gives information about correct and incorrect posture; It is a very interesting picture,
because it shows a number of things; (According to the picture, at the top area, I can see there is a
clock and a bookshelf, also I can see the window and the sky is dark blue.) According to the picture,
at the left area, there is a man sitting on the chair, he sits very straight and his eyes are looking at the
computer screen, and his hands placed naturally on the keyboard; According to the picture, at the
right area, the man is sitting on the chair and his back is hunched [hʌntʃt]弯腰驼背bend over; (and his
hands placed too close to the table) In conclusion, this picture is very informative (because it gives
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information about correct and incorrect posture; )

48. Rice in Palms (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about rice in the palms. This is a very beautiful picture, and it
shows a number of things. According to this graph, at the left area, there is a handful of rice in
someone's right palm; the colour of it is white. You can see from this graph that, at the right area,
there is a handful of grains in someone's left palm; the colour of it is yellow or golden. You can see
from this graph that, at the background, there is person in white shirt with two black buttons on it. The
weather is sunny. The sun cast a shadow on the white shirt. In conclusion, this picture is very
informative.
49. London Fleet Street (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about London's street view. This is a very beautiful picture, and
it shows a number of things. According to this graph, at the left area, there is a street view of the 19th
century; the colour of it is black and white. You can see from this graph that, at the right area, there
is a today's street view; the colour of it is colorful. You can see from this graph that, at the
background, there is Saint Paul's Cathedral, the colour of those are white. The weather is sunny. The
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sky is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very informative.

50. Laboratory Plan (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the graduation laboratory. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. At the central area, there are storage and toilets. At the left area, there are
animal sciences. According to this graph, the largest area is plant sciences. In comparison, the
smallest area is office. In conclusion, there are computer station and meeting room shown on the
map.
51. Income of Bachelor (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the annual income of bachelor degrees holders in different
fields. The items include business, education, language and literature. According to this graph, in
business, the value of annual income in 1980 is around 91000. And in education, the value of annual
income in 1980 is around 78000, which is lower. You can see from this graph that the highest value of
annual income is business in 2000, which is around 1050000. You can also see from this graph that
the lowest value of annual income is language and literature in 1980, which is around 64000. In
conclusion, in 2000, the business has the highest annual income.
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52. Luxembourg Age Group (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about Luxembourg. The items include male, female, and the
population. According to this graph, in male, the population of age from 20 to 24 is around 20000, and
that of age from 0 to 4 is lower, which is around 15000. You can see from this graph that the highest
population of age from 80 to 84 is in female, which is around 10000. You can also see from this graph
that the lowest population of age from 90 to 94 is in male, which is around 2000. In conclusion, this
53. Life Expectancy (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about Life Expectancy. The items include ages, years. and
males The horizontal axis is years, ranging from 1981 to 2005. According to this graph, in 1981, the
value of males is around 70, and that of females is higher, which is around 75. According to this
graph, the highest value of males is 80, which is in 2005. According to this graph, the value of females
is higher than males, from 1981 to 2005. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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54. Temperature and Precipitation (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the monthly temperature and precipitation. The data on
precipitation and temperature are displayed. According to this graph, the highest value is the
temperature of 70 degree, which is in July. On the contrary, the lowest value is the temperature of 20
degree, which is in January. You can see from this graph that the largest proportion is precipitation of
5 inch, which is in June You can also see from this graph that the smallest proportion is precipitation
of 1 inch, which is in February. In conclusion, June has the highest number of precipitation.
55. Closed-loop Recycling (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the closed-loop recycling process. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include collect & recycle, sort & shred, mold&manufacture, and so on.
According to this graph, the first step is to collect & recycle. According to this graph, the second step
is sort & shred. You can see from this graph that the third step is mold&manufacture. You can also
see from this graph that the next step is to assemble & ship. The final step is to purchase & use. In
56. Rain Forest Distribution (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the rain forest distribution. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. According to this graph, the largest areas of the distribution of tropical rain
forests are in South America. In comparison, the smallest areas of the distribution of tropical rain
forests are in Asia. You can see from this graph that the largest areas of the distribution of rain forest
are in South America. In conclusion, the area of the distribution of tropical rain forest in South America
is much larger than that of Asia.
57. Teaching Career (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about teaching as a career. The items include final year student
who wants to be a teacher, graduate students working in teaching, employed in the teaching field.
According to this graph, the value of final year students who want to be a teacher is around 1%. And
the value of graduate students working in teaching is around7%, which is higher. You can see from
this graph that the highest value is in employed in the teaching field, which is around 95%. You can
also see from this graph that the lowest value is in final year students who want to be a teacher,
which is around1%. In conclusion, employed in the teaching field has the highest teaching as a career.
58. Common Languages (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the most common languages in the world. The items
include language, the approximate number of the native speaker, and countries with substantial
numbers of native speakers. You can see from this graph that, in Mandarin Chinese, the value of the
approximate number of the native speaker is around 874 million. You can see from this graph that, in
Mandarin Chinese, the value of countries with substantial numbers of native speakers is around 16,
which is close to that in Hindu. You can see from this graph that, in Bengali, the value of the
approximate number of the native speaker is around 207 million, which is the lowest. You can see from
this graph that, in English, the value of countries is around 104, which is the highest. In conclusion, this
59. Input and Output (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about two examples of input-process-output. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include materials, factory, and product, According to this graph, the first
step is input materials. According to this graph, the second step is to go to the factory, You can see
from this graph that the third step is to become the product, which is the output. .You can also see
from this graph that the next step is data is the input. According to this graph, the next step is to go
to the computer. According to this graph, the next step is to become the information, which is the
output. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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60. World Population Development (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about world population development from 1750 to 2050 in
developing and industrialized countries. Form the graph we can see that the population in developing
countries has remained stable in 1 billion from 1750 to 1900, after that it witnessed a dramatic increase
to 10 billion until 2050. . However, for industrialized countries, it remained at a relatively low level
throughout the years, which is around 1 billion. In conclusion, while developing countries have
undergone a sharp population increase, the population in industrialized countries has seen little
change.
61. Arousal Level (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the relationship between arousal level and performance
quality. The blue line represents the difficult tasks, and the red line represents the easy tasks. It is
clear that when the arousal level and performance quality start at a low level, boredom or apathy.
Then difficult tasks reach the highest point called the optimal level earlier than easy tasks. After that
the two lines drop to the lowest point called high anxiety. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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62. Climate Zones (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about different zone globally. When we look at the pink
representing polar zone that can be found over 60 degrees north and south. When we look at yellow
standing for the temperate zone which can be found between 30 to 60 degree north and south. When
we look at the area lower than 30 degrees north and south including equator, we can see the green
zone representing the tropical zone. In conclusion, there are different zones in a different latitude.
63. Australian Population Density 1 (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the Australian population density. Data of different areas
are displayed on the map, based on statistical local area boundaries, with one dot equal to one
thousand people. According to this graph, the most densely populated cities are Sydney, Canberra and
Melbourne which are located in southeast coast, followed by eastern Australia's Brisbane, southern
Australia's Adelaide, Hobart, western Australia's Perth, northern Australia's Darwin. In comparison, the
most sparsely populated areas are the vast outback in the middle of the continent. In conclusion, the
most highly populated areas are in the southeast coast.
64. Apartment Plan 1 (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the apartment plan. Data of different areas are displayed
on the map. According to this graph, the house is 6.2 meters wide and 3.8 meters long. According to
this graph, the bathroom is 2 meters wide and 1.4 meters long. You can see from this graph that the
kitchen design is without doors. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
65. Food Pyramid (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture shows the pyramid of food. At the bottom of the pyramid, we can see water, which is the
most essential to human bodies. Above water, on the second layer of the pyramid, we can see fruits,
bread, and cereals. Above the fruits, bread, and cereals., there is a milk, cheese and meat level.
Above the milk products and meat, we can see junk food, which at the top of the pyramid. In
66. Beijing Weather (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about temperate of Beijing, China. The items include daily high
and daily low throughout the year. You can see from this graph that, in daily high, the value of January
is around 1 degree centigrade. You can see from this graph that, in daily high, the value of July is
around 30 degrees centigrade, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that, in daily low, the
value of July is around 22 degrees centigrade, which is lower. You can see from this graph that, in
daily low, the value of December is around minus 10 degrees centigrade, which is the lowest. In
67. Projected Population (Prediction)
Answer:
The line chart shows the projected population in Australia in millions. .According to the chart, the
series A has increased dramatically from 20 in 2001 to 65 in 2101. Following that, series B has
increased moderately from 20 to 45, from 2001 to 2101. However, series C has increased slowly from
20 to 35 over the same period. In conclusion, the projected population in Australia is expected to
increase in the coming years.
68. Slum Area (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Slum Area. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, in the bottom area, there is a river; the colour of it is black.
You can see from this graph that, in the middle area, there are some old residential buildings; the
colour of them are different. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there are
skyscrapers, the colour of those are black and white. The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear.
In conclusion, this picture is very informative.
69. Most Livable States (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about most livable states. The items include rank in 2011, rank in
2007, and states. According to this graph, in Iowa, the value of rank in 2011 is around 5. And in New
Jersey, the value of rank in 2011 is around 7, which is lower. You can see from this graph that the
highest value of rank in 2007 is in New Hampshire, which is the first. You can also see from this graph
that the lowest value of rank in 2007 is in North Dakota, which is around 13. In conclusion, this graph
is very informative.
70. Browser Usage (Prediction)
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Answer:
This map gives information about browser usage on Wikimedia in October 2011. The largest area is
more than 100 million, which is represented in dark blue, and you can find it in the south and
northwest of North America, east of South America, north of Asia and Europe. More than 1 billion is
represented in black, and you can find it only in China and a little bit in the south of Asia. The least
area is less than 1 million, which is represented in yellow, and you can find it in the northeast of North
America, and a little bit in Africa and South America. In conclusion, this map shows very interesting
information about browser usage on Wikimedia in the world.
71. Customer Satisfaction (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the process flow chart. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include initial stage, presentation, and signing of the contract. According to this graph, the
first step is the initial stage. Followed by that, the second step questions and presentation. You can
see from this graph that the third step is the signing of the contract . You can also see from this
graph that the next step is construction. Followed by that, the next step is handling over after
completion. Followed by that, the next step defects liability period. The final step is customer
satisfaction. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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72. Household Energy (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the average household energy consumption. The items
include other appliances, water heating, cooking and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of
other appliances is around 24%, and that of water heating is lower, which is around 23%. You can see
from this graph that the highest proportion is other appliances, which is around 24%. You can also see
from this graph that the lowest proportion is cooking and stand by, which is around 5%. In conclusion,
other appliances have the highest proportion of average household energy consumption.
73. Hours Spent (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about students' hours spent at the University. The items include
sleeping, leisure and sports, grooming and so on. According to this graph, the value of sleeping is
around 8.3 hours, and that of leisure and sports is lower, which is around 3.9 hours. You can see from
this graph that the highest value is sleeping, which is around 8.3 hours. You can also see from this
graph that the lowest value is grooming, which is around 0.8 hours. In conclusion, sleeping has the
highest number of students' hours spent at university.
74. Countries' Employment Rates (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about employment rates. The items include Australia, UK, and
the USA. According to this graph, in Australia, the number of 1995 male is around 50. and that of
Switzerland is higher, which is around 60. You can see from this graph that the highest value of 2994
male is in Keland, which is around 80. You can also see from this graph that the highest value of 2005
Female is around Switzerland. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
75. Educational Activities (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture gives information about percent of university and college students who did educational
activities, by the hour of the day on weekdays from 12 am to 11 pm. According to the picture, for full-
time students in blue, the largest figure can be found at around 12 pm, which is around 36%, and the
smallest figure can be found at around 3 am which is around 0. For part-time students in green, the
largest and smallest figure can be found at 10 am and 3 am respectively, which is 20% and 0
respectively. In conclusion, no one is studying at 3 am.
76. Cell Phone Use in Anytowne (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about cell phone use in Anytown. The items include men,
women, and the year. The horizontal axis is the year, ranging from 1996 to 2002. According to this
graph, in 1996, the value of both sexes is around 3000, and that of men is lower, which is around 1500.
According to this graph, the highest value of both sexes is around 3500, which is in 2002. According to
this graph, the lowest value of women is around 1500, which is in 2000. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
77. Chemical Lab (Prediction)
Answer:
The picture gives information about the chemical experiment. As we can see from the picture, on the
left hand, there is a bottle with blue liquid in it, also there is some chemical equipment which allows
the students to do the experiment. In the right of the picture, the man is monitoring the chemical
experiment. .Also we can notice that the students are wearing protective glasses and there are big
windows behind them. In conclusion, the picture shows how a chemical class can be conducted.
78. Wind Machine (Prediction)
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Answer:
The picture describes the wind machine. As can be seen from the graph, the wind machine is rotating
counter-clockwise and the rotation used the power of wind blades. We can also see that the
advantage of this wind machine is its no pollution and the disadvantaged part is its dependence on
wind power. In conclusion, the picture shows a vivid description of the wind machine.
79. Diameter of Planets (Prediction)
Answer:
The graph gives information about the diameter from the earth for different planets. As we can see
the largest is taken up by Jupiter, which is 150000 km away. After that Saturn has occupied the
second largest, this is 120000 km away. Following that, Neptune and Uranus have a similar diameter,
which is 50000 km away. However, Pluto has the smallest which is only 1 km. In conclusion, different
planets have different diameters from the earth.
80. Pet Expenditure (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of pet expenditure in the US. The items
include vet care and wellbeing, food and litter, pet purchase and so on. According to this graph, the
proportion of vet care and wellbeing is around 47%, and that of food and litter is lower, which is
around 41%. You can see from this graph that the highest proportion is vet care and wellbeing, which
is around 47%. You can also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is the pet purchase, which
is around 2%. In conclusion, vet care and wellbeing have the highest proportion of pet expenditure in
the US.
81. Library Plan (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the library plan. Data of different areas are displayed on
the map. According to this graph, the elevator is located near the men's toilet. According to this
graph, the largest areas of the library are room 4 and room 3. You can see from this graph that the
functions of the rooms are different. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
82. 100% Health (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about 100% health. It shows how the process is done. The steps
include food&nutrition, fitness&exercise, relaxation&stress management. According to this graph, the
first step is through food&nutrion to achieve health and wellbeing. According to this graph, the second
step is through fitness&exerciese to make a positive change. The final step is through
relaxation&stress management to achieve motivation. In conclusion, the process will repeat.
83. Gnat Life Cycle (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about fungus gnat lifecycle is about 28 days. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include eggs, larva, pupa, and adult. According to this graph, the first step
is eggs. According to this graph, the second step is from eggs to larva in 4-6 days. You can see from
this graph that the third step is from larva to pupa in 12 - 14 days. You can also see from this graph
that the next step is from pupa to adult in 3 - 6 days. The final step is from adult to eggs in 7-10
days. In conclusion, the process will repeat.
84. Temperature&CO2 (Prediction)
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Answer:
The graph shows the temperature and CO2 for the last 400000 years. As we can see from the graph,
for temperature, the highest one can be found in 5 in every 100 thousand years. Moreover, the lowest
one can be found in minus 15 in the same interval. In addition, for the carbon dioxide level, it is range
from 200 to 300. Most important, the highest CO2 level can be found at present, which is nearly 400.
In conclusion, the CO2 level and temperature follow a similar pattern.
85. Mean Temperature World Map (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about mean temperature world map. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. According to this graph, the largest areas of annual mean temperature are
located near the equator. In comparison, the smallest areas of annual mean temperature are located
in the Arctic and Antarctic. You can see from this graph that the most suitable area for temperature is
around 60 degrees north latitude. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
86. Length of Fish (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the length of fish. The items include 1 year, 3 years, 8
years and more than 15 years. According to this graph, in 1 year, the length of fish is around 16cm.
and that of 3 years is longer, which is around 20cm. You can see from this graph that the highest
length of fish is in more than 15 years, which is around 50cm You can also see from this graph that
the second biggest length of fish is in 8 years, around 30cm. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
87. Internet Access (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the household with access to the internet. The items
include 2006, 2007, and 2008. According to this graph, in 2008, the value of household with access to
the internet is around 58. and that of 2007 is higher, which is around 60. You can see from this graph
that the highest value is in 2009, which is around 70. In conclusion, 2009 has the highest percentage
of the household with access to the internet.
88. Butterfly Life Cycle (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the painted lady butterfly life cycle. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include egg, larva, pupa and adult. According to this graph, the first step is
the egg with the size of pin head. According to this graph, the second step is the egg transformed into
larva in black or purple with yellow-green stripes. You can see from this graph that the third step is
the larva grows to pupa after forms shells. You can also see from this graph that the next step is pupa
emerges to adult. The final step is adult lay eggs. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
89. Not Attending School (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about reasons for no longer attending school. The items include
male and female. The data of the completed study, obtained employment, illness and so on are
displayed. According to this graph, for the female, the highest value is the completed study, which is
65%. On the contrary, the lowest value is illness, which is 5%. For the male, you can see from this
graph that the largest proportion is 60%. You can also see from this graph that the smallest proportion
is 3%. In conclusion, the completed study is the most popular reasons for both male and female.
90. Earth Structure 1 (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Earth structure. According to this graph, the outermost
layer of the mantle is a thin layer of earth and liquid. According to this graph, the asthenosphere is
directly under the lithosphere and is part of the upper mantle. You can see from this graph that core
is divided into two layers, a solid inner core, and a liquid outer core. You can also see from this graph
that the crust is the very thin, outermost solid layer of the Earth. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
91. homologies of structure (Prediction)
Answer:
The picture gives information about different arm bones. As we can see from the picture, the human
has the largest upper arm bone. Following that, birds and bats have the longest lower arm bone and
they are almost the similar length. .After that the bats have the longest metacarpals, however, the
seal limb has the longest fingers. In conclusion, different body structure has different kinds of bones.
92. Sunshine Hours in France (Prediction)
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Answer:
The map shows us the annual sunshine hours for France. According to the map, more than 2750
hours, which is represented by dark red, is located in the southeastern part of France. After that,
2250-2750 hours, which is represented by orange, is located in the southern part of France.
Noticeably, the 1750 -2000 hours, which is represented by yellow, is located in the middle and the
majority areas of France. However, less than 1750 hours can only be found in the northern part of
France. In conclusion, France has relatively long hours of annual sunshine hours generally.
93. London Street View (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about London's Fleet Street Then and Today. This is a very
beautiful picture, and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, in the central area, there is
a carriage; the colour of it is black. You can see from this graph that, in the right area, there is a bus;
the colour of it is red. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there is a temple, the
colour of it is white. The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very
informative.
94. Economic Inactivity (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about economic inactivity through the generation. The items
include birth cohorts, average work expectancy at age 15 years, and average inactivity. According to
this graph, in average work expectancy at age 15 years, the value of the 1901 Federation is around
44.2. And in average work expectancy at age 15 years, the value of 1925-1946 war is around 42.6,
which is lower. You can see from this graph that the highest value is in average life expectancy, which
is around 70.6. You can also see from this graph that the lowest value is on average inactivity, which
is around 9.4. In conclusion, 2004-2025 Gen Z has the highest average life expectancy.
95. Garbage Patches 1 (Prediction)
Answer:
The picture shows us out of sight, out of mind. According to the picture, we can see the continent-
sized cortex of plastic waste is blighting the Pacific. Specifically. There are two rubbish soups, the
eastern garbage patch which is next to Japan and the western garbage patch which is next to the
Hawaii, The north pacific gyre currents are running differently in two different patches. Apart from
that, the translucent soup of degrading plastic waste is as deep as 10 meters and the north pacific
gyre currents keep soup in constant movement. We can also see the section of garbage patch is in
color red. In conclusion, the picture indicates that we need to take environmental problems seriously.
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96. Australian Climate Zones (Prediction)
Answer:
This picture gives information about climate zones for temperature and humidity. According to the
picture, the largest area can be found in the hot dry summer, cold winter in yellow. It is in the middle
of Australia. However, the smallest area can be found in the cool temperature in blue. It is in the
southeast of Australia. It also mentions information about other areas, including hot humid, warm
humid, temperature and so on. In conclusion, different areas in Australia have different climates.
97. Australian Population Density (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about Australian Population Density. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. According to this graph, Melbourne and Sydney are the most populated city in
Australia. In comparison, the smallest population is in the middle of Australia. You can see from this
graph that Queensland will become the third largest populated city in Australia. In conclusion, this
98. Iron Age Hut (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information of the iron age hut. According to this graph, this is a cross
section of an ancient hut, which is triangular in shape. In the middle of the graph, you can see a pillar
supporting the sloping rafters. And the roofs are covered by reed thatch. In the hut, you can see
ashes and seats below the ground level. On the ground level, you can see the turf wall. In conclusion,
99. Earth Crust (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about earth crust. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, the first layer is the atmosphere. Followed by that, the
second layer is the crust. You can see from this graph that the third layer is the mantle. You can also
see from this graph that the next layer is the outer core. The final layer is the inner core. In
100. The Eatwell Plate (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of the Eatwell plate. The items include fruit
and vegetables, bread&rice, food&drinks and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of fruit and
vegetables is around 35%, and that of milk and dairy food is lower, which is around 18%. You can see
from this graph that the highest proportion is fruit and vegetables, which is around 35%. You can also
see from this graph that the lowest proportion is food and drinks high in fat/sugar, which is around
8%. In conclusion, fruit and vegetables have the highest proportion of the Eatwell plate.
101. Music Download (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about how to download music from Tesco Extra. It shows how
the process is done. The steps include search, purchase, download and play. According to this graph,
the first step is to search for the music you like online. According to this graph, the second step is to
purchase it through the website. You can see from this graph that the third step is to download the
music on digital devices, such as laptops and phones. The final step is to enjoy the songs after
finishing all these steps In conclusion, the process will repeat.
102. Water Cycle 1 (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the water cycle. It shows how the process is done. The
steps include transpiration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and percolation. According to this
graph, the first step is transpiration. According to this graph, the second step is evaporation. You can
see from this graph that the third step is condensation. The final step is precipitation and percolation.
In conclusion, the process will repeat.
103. Temperature&Precipitation (Prediction)
Answer:
This graph presents the relationship between temperature and precipitation throughout the year from
January to December. The temperature is represented in an orange line and measured in degree
Celsius. It starts at about 26oC in January and gradually increases. A maximum is reached in October
at about 0.oC. It concludes at about 4 oC in December. The precipitation is represented in blue bars
and measured in mm. The maximum occurs in May at 110mm, and the minimum occurs in February at
about 70mm. In conclusion, this graph gives very detailed information.
104. Population&Consumption (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the population and consumption level worldwide. You can
see from this graph that the value of middle income in 2004 is 2.3 thousand million, including Russia
and Mexico. You can see from this graph that the value of high income in 1960 is 0.7 thousand million,
including the United States and Japan, which is the lowest. You can see from this graph that the value
of low income in 2004 is 3 thousand million, including India, which is the highest. You can see from this
graph that China and Indonesia joined the middle income world in 1990s. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
105. World Water (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the world’s water distribution. It can be seen that 97.5%
of the world’s water is salt water and only 2.5% is freshwater. In the freshwater sector, glaciers and
permanent snow occupy the largest proportion at 68.7%, followed by which groundwater occupies
30.06% of the fresh water. Ground ice and permafrost takes 0.86% of fresh water and other
resources take 1.22% of fresh water. In the other sector, lakes occupy the majority of the proportion
at 0.26%. In conclusion, this image gives very thorough information about the world’s water
distribution.
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106. New House Prices (Prediction)
Answer:
The graph gives information about a vivid description of the median and average sale prices for new
homes sold in the US between 1963 and 2011. For the average sales figure, it remained stable at
40,000 from 1963 to 1977, after that it began to increase slowly to 150,000 in 1989, then it fluctuated a
bit before climbing up again to the highest point, which is at 300,000 in 2007, However, after the peak,
it began to drop to 260,000 in 2009. In terms of the median sales figure, it has shared a similar pattern
with the average one with a peak at 250,000 in 2007. In conclusion, for the new homes sold in the
United States, 2007 is a turning point for both median and average sales prices.
107. Sunrise & Sunset (Prediction)
Answer:
This graph reveals the information about sunrise and sunset times over the year, recording the first
days and the fifteenth days of the months from January to December. It is clear that the sunrise time
represented in blue is early in January and December, and gradually becomes the latest in June. In
contrast, the sunset time represented in pink is the latest in January and December, while it is the
earliest in June. It can be observed that the times of the sunrise and sunset are exactly the opposite,
and the shapes of the trends of both sunrise and sunset times show an “S” shape. In conclusion, this
graph gives very interesting information about sunrise and sunset times.
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108. World Income Distribution (Prediction)
Answer:
The following line charts give information about world income distribution over the population.
According to the upper line chart, in nineteen seventy the world population is three point severn
billions, and those spending less than one dollar per day accounts for thirty-eight percent, one point
four billions. We see in nineteen ninety the world population is five point three billions, and the poor to
the left of the poverty line accounts for twenty-six percent, one point four billions. In conclusion, the
poor decrease from nineteen seventy to nineteen ninety.
109. Earning&Unemployment (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the earnings and unemployment rates by educational
attainment. The items include doctor degree, professional degree, and master degree. According to
this graph, in doctor degree, the value of the unemployment rate is around 2.5. and that of a
professional degree is lower, which is around 2.1. You can see from this graph that the highest value
of unemployment is in less than a high school diploma, which is 12.4. You can also see from this graph
that the highest value of median weekly earnings is 1735, which is on a professional degree. In
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110. Egypt Trading (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about ancient Egypt trading. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include import goods and export goods. According to this graph, the first step is to import
cedar oil and timber from Lebanon. According to this graph, the second step is to import copper,
precious stones and gold from Nubia. You can see from this graph that the third step is to import
slaves and animals from Africa. You can also see from this graph that the next step is to import
horses, fruit, and honey from other countries. The final step is to exports linen, tools, bread and
weapons to other countries. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
111. Photography Flowchart (Prediction)
Answer:
The picture shows us the process of photography. It can be seen from the flowchart that the first step
is about whether you have a camera or not, if the answer is yes, you then need to make sure it has
batteries. After that, you still need to confirm that the batteries are fully charged. And then the next
step is to ensure that the camera can work as normal, finally, you need to figure out how to use the
camera and whether it is complicated. If you may answer no to any questions during the process, the
only thing you need to do is to find another hobby. In conclusion, the flowchart shows us a clear
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process of using a camera as a hobby.

112. Radar Detection (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about radar detection. It shows how the process is done. The
steps include snow, ice sheet, and ice melting. According to this graph, the first step is the snow
formation. According to this graph, the second step is that the ice sheet becomes melting. You can
see from this graph that the third step is the grounding line. You can also see from this graph that the
next step is the ice shelf melts from the bottom up. The final step is to measure water depth and to
predict future sea level rise. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
113. Forest Distribution (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about world forest distribution. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. The items include evergreen forest and deciduous forest. According to this
graph, South America is the most distributed place in the evergreen forest. In comparison, Northern
Africa is the smallest distributed place in the evergreen forest. You can see from this graph that In
Australian, deciduous forests are generally distributed in eastern Australia. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
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114. CO2&Temperature Change (Prediction)
Answer:
The graph shows the temperature and CO2 for the last 400000 years. As we can see from the graph,
for temperature, the highest one can be found in 5 in every 100 thousand years. Moreover, the lowest
one can be found in minus 15 in the same interval. In addition, for the carbon dioxide level, it is range
from 200 to 300. Most important, the highest CO2 level can be found at present, which is nearly 400.
In conclusion, the CO2 level and temperature follow a similar pattern.
115. Over Weight (Prediction)
Answer:
The following line chart gives information of how to define over weight. According to the chart, the
green area means under weight, with height more than one point fifty-six meters and weight less than
twelve stones. We can see the blue area is healthy weight, with weight less than sixteen stones. We
can also see the pink area is over weight, with bigger ratio of weight over height than healthy weight.
Then we can see the yellow area is obese and the red area is extreme obese. Finally, extreme obese
has the biggest ratio of weight over height, with height less than five feet and six inches and weight
more than seventy-four kilograms. In conclusion, this chart is very informative.
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116. Government Expenditure (Prediction)
Answer:
This graph shows the government expenditure in different sectors of education. It is shown on the
graph that $11 billion are invested in education in total. At the top of the pyramid, we can see higher
education in which $1.8 billion are invested, followed by which vocational educational training and
schools get $2 billion and $3-4 billion respectively. At the bottom of the pyramid, we can see the early
childhood in which $0.8-1.4 billion are invested. It can be seen that schools get the highest investment
while early childhood gets the least. In conclusion, this graph gives very interesting information.
117. Food&Oil Price (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about food price vs oil price. The items include oil price, food
price index, and years. The horizontal axis is years, ranging from 2000 to 2009. According to this
graph, in 2000, the value of the oil price is around 40, and that of the food price index is lower, which
is around 20. According to this graph, the highest value of oil price is around 140, which is in 2008.
According to this graph, the lowest value of the food price index is around 20, which is in 2001. In
118. Pencil Length (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about pencil length. The items include New Jersey, Chicago, and
Michigan. According to this graph, in Chicago, the length of the pencil is around 46.750. And that of
New Jersey is higher, which is around 50.680. You can see from this graph that the highest length of
the pencil is in New Jersey, which is 50.680. You can also see from this graph that the lowest length
of the pencil is Virginia, which is around 18.950. In conclusion, New Jersey has the highest length of
the pencil.
119. Parrot Range (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the grey parrot range. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. The items include congo grey parrot and Timneh grey parrot. According to this
graph, the Congo grey parrot is most distributed in Congo and Cameroon. According to this graph, the
Timneh grey parrot is most distributed in Corbyria and Cote d'Ivoire. You can see from this graph that
Congo grey parrot is the largest parrot in African. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
120. Bird Migration (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about bird migration in the continent of America. In this graph
Canada is marked as a breeding area in blue, and the north of South America is marked as a wintering
area in orange. According to this graph, birds will fly northwards in the spring from the wintering area
to the breeding area, as the yellow arrow shows. And birds will come back in the fall to the wintering
area, as the green arrow shows. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
121. S&P (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about S&P/ASX 200, a sharemarket index. You can see from
this graph that the value of ten is around zero, the lowest. You can see from this graph that the value
of eleven is around three thousand four hundred ninety, which is higher. You can see from this graph
that the value of eleven thirty is around three thousand five hundred, which is the highest. You can
see from this graph that the value of twelve fifteen is around three thousand four hundred ninety-two,
which is the third peak. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
122. Deforestation Reasons (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of deforestation reasons. The items include
cattle ranching, small-scale agriculture, other and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of
cattle ranching is around 65%, and that of small-scale agriculture is lower, which is around 20%. You
can see from this graph that the highest proportion is cattle ranching, which is around 65%. You can
also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is the other, which is around 1%. In conclusion,
cattle ranching has the highest proportion of deforestation reasons.
123. Switzerland Language (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about Switzerland Language. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. The items include German, Italian, French, Romansch. According to this graph,
the largest areas of language is German, which is in the center of Switzerland. In comparison, the
smallest areas of language are Romansch, which in the east of Switzerland. In conclusion, using
German is much larger than that of using Romansch.
124. Bird Feeder (Prediction)
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Answer:
The graph gives information about how to use a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. According to the
picture, it is clear that on the first stage, there is a water bottle with two pencils in it, which is brown
and blue, respectively, and the bottle is full of food. After that, on the second stage, the two pencils
are replaced with two spoons, which are made of wood. In conclusion, the little bird standing on the
spoon can get food from the bottle, and we can see the caps of two bottles have different colors,
namely blue and white.
125. Solar Eclipse 1 (Prediction)
Answer:
The graph shows different eclipse. When we look at the left-hand side of the picture, we can see the
sun. In the middle of the picture, we can see the moon, which is on the moon’s orbit. On the right of
the picture, there is the Earth, which orbits around the sun. As we can see in the graph when the sun,
moon, and Earth parallel each other. we can see the shade of moon called penumbra creating the
partial eclipse. we also can see the middle of a shade called umbra, which means that there is a total
eclipse. In conclusion, this graph shows the formation of different eclipses.
126. Parts of Tree (Prediction)
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Answer:
The graph shows a different part of the tree. When we look at the top of the picture, we can see the
crown of the tree, which includes leaves on top, a twig in the middle, and branches at the bottom in
the crown. Followed by the crown we can see a trunk, which connects the roots in the soil. Finally, the
crown of the tree shares a similar size with roots so that they provide a lot of information to scientists.
In conclusion, this picture demonstrates the structure of trees.
127. Thatched Hut 1 (Prediction)
Answer:
This graph shows us the structure of the thatch. As we can see, from the bottom, there are wattle
and daub. And up to the top, we can see upright loom, large timbers to make mainframe, space for
smoking preserving meats and fish, and the smoke released through the thatch, which means, there is
no need for a chimney. Inside the tent, we can see a door, some beds, the main hearth, a small
domed kiln and some logs for sitting. In conclusion, the structure is complex, and the hatch is brown.
128. Tree Ring and Saw (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the evidence of tree growth rings. This is a very beautiful
picture, and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, in the central area, there is a tree
ring; the colour of it is brown. You can see from this graph that, in the right area, there is a saw; the
colour of it is black. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there are grasses, the
colour of those is green. The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is
very informative.
129. Fish Shoal (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about fish shoal. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, In the morning, the number of fish is relatively small but
more predatory. You can see from this graph that, in the evening, the number of fish is relatively large
but less predatory. The sea is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very informative.
130. Happiness (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about what determines happiness. The items include the genetic
set point, intentional activities, and life circumstances. According to this graph, the proportion of
genetic set point is around 50%, and that of intentional activities is lower, which is around 40%. You
can see from this graph that the highest proportion is the genetic set point, which is around 50%. You
can also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is life circumstances, which is around 10%. In
131. Student Apartment Plan (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about student apartment plan. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. At the right area, there is an entrance. At the Top left, there is a bedroom with
two windows. According to this graph, the bath and the kitchen are at the lower left. you can see from
this graph, the smallest area is the kitchen. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
132. Water Wheel (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about water wheels with different rotational directions. On the
left, we can see a water wheel, which is rotating anticlockwise. On the right, we can see another water
wheel, which is rotating clockwise. According to this graph, the water wheels are both overshot ones,
with a flume overhead, through which water flows down on the wheels. And we can see tail races lying
below the water wheels, in which water falling down from the wheels flow away. In conclusion, the
graph is informative.
133. Water Cycle 2 (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about us the evaporation process of evaporation. The first step
is about clouds, which will generate rains and precipitations. After that, the second step is about the
sun, which will transform the rainfalls into the snow. Then the third step is about the snow which will
accumulate in the mountains and further flow into the ocean. Then the evaporation will take place in
the ocean. Finally, the evaporated water will be collected in the waterfalls and the whole evaporation
will start again. In conclusion, the whole evaporation process requires several steps to complete.
134. Singapore Map (Prediction)
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Answer:
The map shows Singapore. As we can see from the map, Singapore is located in the middle of the
map, after that, we can see Malaysia is located in the northern part of it and Indonesia is located in
the southern part of it. Apart from that, we can see Singapore is not a very big country with around 50
km in width, also this country is surrounded by sea and there are some small islands next to it. In
conclusion, Singapore is a small country located between two other southeastern countries.
135. Age Percentage (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the age distribution in the UK from 1911 to 2011. When we
look at the age of 65 and over, the percentage has increased from 5% in 1911 to 15% in 2011. In
contrast, the age below 14 has decreased from 30% to 20% over the same period. At the same time,
people age between 15-64 has remained stable at around 70% throughout the years. In conclusion, it
can be expected that the UK is undergoing an aging population from 1911 to 2011.
136. Apple Life Cycle (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about how an apple seed can become an apple tree. It shows
how the process is done. The steps include apple seed, a small apple tree, the blossom of the tree.
According to this graph, the first step is the apple seed. According to this graph, the second step is to
become a small apple tree. You can see from this graph that the third step is the blossom of the tree.
The final step is small apples will come out of the blossoms. Finally, we can get red and big apples
from the apple tree. n conclusion, the process will repeat.
137. Solar Yard Light (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about how solar yard lights work. It shows how the process is
done. The steps include the glass cover, the solar cells, and the battery. According to this graph, the
first step is the glass cover. According to this graph, the second step is solar cells. You can see from
this graph that the third step is photoresistor. You can also see from this graph that the next step is
the battery. According to this graph, the next step is the controller board. According to this graph, the
next step is LED. The final step is the lamp cover. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
138. Meat Consumption (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about annual per capita meat consumption from 1961 to 2009,
measured in kilograms, in different countries including USA, China, and Liberia. USA, which is shown in
blue, starts at 90 kg in 1961 and concludes at 120kg in 2009. China, which is shown in red, starts at
5kg in 1961 and then increases rapidly and concludes at a maximum of 60kg in 2009. However, for
Liberia, India, and Ethiopia which are shown in green, orange and grey, the meat consumption remains
relatively stable throughout the years. In conclusion, this graph gives impressive information about
meat consumption.
139. Sleeping Hours (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about baby sleep hours. The items include age, nighttime sleep,
daytime sleep, and total sleep. You can see from this graph that, in one month, the value of daytime
sleep is around seven hours with three naps. You can see from this graph that, in six months, the
value of nighttime sleep is around ten hours, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in one
month, the value of total sleep is around fifteen point five hours，which is the highest. You can also
see from this graph that, in eighteen months, the value of daytime sleep is around one point two five
hours with one nap, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
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140. Australian Population Density 2 (Prediction)
Answer:
This map gives information about the population density in Australia, measured in people per square
kilometer and categorized by 100 people or more, 10 to 100 people and less than 0.1 people. It is clear
that the majority of Australia has a population density of fewer than 0.1 people per sq km, which is
represented in very light orange. You can find these areas in the middle of Australia. On the west edge
of Australia, the population density is about 0.1 to 1.0 people per sq km. On the east coast of
Australia, the population is a little bit denser, about 10 to 100 people per sq km, represented in orange.
In conclusion, this map shows very significant information about population density in Australia.
141. Fly Life Cycle (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about how houseflies work, that is, the life cycle of a fly. It starts
with eggs which are laid by an adult fly, and then the eggs become 1st larva stage. In this stage, the
larva is relatively small. Then the cycle goes to the 2nd larval stage where the larva grows larger but
the color remains relatively constant. When it comes to the 3rd larva stage, the larva becomes much
larger and the color starts to become darker. After that, the cycle reaches the pupa stage where the
larva is covered with dark skin. The pupa becomes an adult fly eventually which can lay eggs again
and let the process continues. In conclusion, this image gives a vivid illustration of the life cycle of a
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fly.
142. Contries' GDP (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the countries by GDP per capita in 2014 in the world,
measured in dollars. The largest area is $20,000 to $35,000 which is represented in dark green and
you can find it in most of the northern parts of Asia. The second largest area is $2000 to $5000 which
is represented in yellow, and you can find it in most parts of Africa as well as some central parts of
Asia. $5,000 to $10,000 is represented in light green and you can find this color in China and most
parts of South America. Most parts of North America and Australia lie in the category of $25,000
which are represented in dark colors. In conclusion, this map gives very detailed information on GDP.
143. Urban Percentage 1 (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the percentage of the population in urban areas in 1950,
2007 and 2030. As we can see the largest proportion goes to North America, which increased from
64% in 1950 to 79% in 2007 and ends at 87% in 2030. For the second largest amount, it is Latin
America which increased dramatically from 42% to 84% over the same years. However, Africa has
taken up the smallest amount which also climbed up from 15% to 51% impressively. In conclusion, the
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world’s total urban population has significantly increased from 29 % in 1950 to 49% in 2007 and is
expected to continue the increase to 60% in 2030.
144. Most Used Technology (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the most used technology. The items include the number
of users. computer, and telephone. According to this graph, on the computer, the number of users is
around 4. and that of TV is higher, which is around 6. You can see from this graph that the highest
number of users is in telephone, which is around 8. You can also see from this graph that the lowest
value of users is Webcam, which is around 1. In conclusion, the telephone has the highest number of
users.
145. Apartment Plan (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the housing structure. When we enter the house from the
entrance, on the left-hand side we can see a small kitchen with a stove in it and on the right-hand
side there is a small toilet and a place for a shower. Going deeper into the house, we can find the
main bedroom which is on the left corner with a double bed and a desk in it, and the living room is on
the right corner with spacious room, a long lounge, and some sofas. In conclusion, it is a very
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comfortable house to live in.

146. National Flags (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about two national flags. In the first national flag, from the top to
the bottom, the colors are green, white and black; there is also a red rectangle on the left-hand side.
In the second national flag, the color composition is the same. However, from the top to the bottom;
the colors are red, white and black, with a green triangle on the left-hand side. In conclusion, the two
national flags are quite similar in color while they are still different in shapes and composition.
147. Depression Probability (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about depression probability. As we can see from the age of 16
to 45, the depression probability has increased dramatically from 0.002 to 0.02, and people who are
middle-aged have the highest probability of depression. Following that the depression rate begins to
decline to around 0.007 as the age grows older and ends at around 0.006 when they are 70 years old.
In conclusion, as young people are growing older they are more likely to get depression, especially in
their middle ages.
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148. Oxbow Lake (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about water channels and how they can be formed. From the
first picture, we can see that there is a meander and along the meander, there are lots of trees, there
is also a neck in between the meander. However, when we move to the next stage, the sand becomes
deposited in the river and finally, it becomes silt around the river neck, therefore there is a new
channel formed and a new oxbow lake begins to run in this way. In conclusion, the formation of the
oxbow lake requires water and sand forces to shape its channels.
149. Earth Crust (2) (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about earth crust. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, the first layer is the atmosphere. Followed by that, the
second layer is the crust. You can see from this graph that the third layer is the mantle. You can also
see from this graph that the next layer is the outer core. The final layer is the inner core. In
150. Electricity Generation (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about electricity generation in China by type from 1994 to 2004.
For the conventional thermal, it has increased from 600 in 1994 to 1500 in 2004 gradually. When we
look at the hydroelectric, it remained relatively stable at around 100 throughout the period. For the
total generation, it has increased dramatically from 900 to 2000 from 1994 to 2004. To sum up,
conventional thermal still occupies the largest part of electricity generation in China.
151. Adult Literacy (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about adult literacy by region from 2000-2004. As we can see
the largest amount can be found in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is 89% in females and
91% in males. Following that Asia has the second largest rate, which is 73% in females and 86% in
males. However, we can find the smallest amount in sub-Saharan Africa, which is 53% in females and
79% in males. In conclusion, males have a larger adult literacy rate than males in all the regions.
152. Virus Replication (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Virus Replication. It shows how the process is done. The
steps include adsorption, entry, replication, assembly, release, According to this graph, the first step is
adsorption. According to this graph, the second step is the entry. You can see from this graph that
the third step is replication. You can also see from this graph that the next step is assembly.
According to this graph, The final step is to release. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
153. Moon&Fish (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about lunar and fish. As we can see for the first quarter moon,
the fish are located at the bottom of the sea. When entering into the next stage, fish begin to move
upwards and are located in the middle part of the sea. Next, when it comes to the full moon, the fish
are distributed all over the sea. Finally, for the last quarter moon period, the fish are located near the
surface of the sea. In conclusion, the picture shows that lunar and fish are closely related to each
other.
154. Simple Circuit (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about simple circuit with light. This is a very beautiful picture,
and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, at the central area, there is a battery; the
colour of it is black and yellow. You can see from this graph that, at the left area, there is a bulb; the
colour of it is white. You can see from this graph that, there is a line connecting the bulb and the
battery. The electricity flows from the negative pole to the positive pole. In conclusion, this picture is
very informative.
155. Global Warming (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about global warming predictions. Light color represents low
temperature and dark color represents high temperature. From the map, we can see that the highest
temperature can be found in North America, which is 6-8 degrees. Following that, the second highest
temperature can be found in Africa and Europe, which is around 3-5 degrees. And the lowest
temperature can be found in Australia and North America, which is around 1-3 degrees. In conclusion,
the world is going to have global warming as predicted.
156. States' Education Expenditures (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the state higher education expenditure in FY 2012. As can
be seen from the bar chart, the highest total can be found in Oklahoma, which is around 24.00.
Following that the second highest can be found in North Carolina, which is around 22.00. And the
smallest can be found in Florida which is just over 10.00. Moreover, we can see the highest for
education can be found in Oklahoma which is 20. And the smallest for education can be found in
Florida which is 9. In conclusion, for the state higher education expenditures in 2012, education has
occupied the largest amount while auxiliary only accounts for a small part.
157. Earth Structure (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the core. According to the picture, we can see from the
inside to the outside, there is an inner core, which is 800 miles, 1300 kilometers. Following that, it’s the
outer core, which is 1400 miles, 2250 kilometers. And then it’s the mantle, which is 1800 miles, 2900
kilometers. The most outside one is the crust, which is 5-25 miles, 8-40 kilometers. In conclusion, the
core has a very complex structure.
158. Height of Tree (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the height of trees. The items include hemlock, cedar,
spruce, douglas fir. According to this graph, in Hemlock, the value of height is around 130 feet, and
that of Cedar is higher, which is around 200 feet. You can see from this graph that the highest value
of height is in Douglas Fir, which is around 280 feet. In conclusion, Douglas Fir has the highest
number.
159. Air Pollution (Prediction)
Answer:
The following graph gives information about the chemical transformation. According to the chart, the
first step is about chemical sources, which generated from industry, transportation, ore smelting, and
power generation. Following that, the second step is about emissions, which means wastes will be
emitted to the atmosphere such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. The third step is about chemical
transformation, which transforms the chemicals into nitric acid and sulfuric acid. After that is divided
into two ways, for one it goes to condensation and for the other, it becomes dry fallout which includes
particulates and gases. Finally, they will form the precipitation, acid rain, fog, snow, and mist. In
160. BMI (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Aim for a healthy weight: BMI chart for adults. The graph
shows the information about body mass index. The height is between 140 centimeters to 200
centimeters, and the weight is between 30 kilograms to 150 kilograms. It is clear that obese occupies
the largest percentage, above BMI 30; followed by overweight, normally occupies the area between
BMI 30 and BMI 25; then the heavily weight range, between BMI 25 and BMI 18.5. Finally it is
underweight below BMI 18.5. In conclusion, this graph summarizes information about body mass.
161. Typing Hands (Prediction)
Answer:
At the upper left area, there is a keyboard, the color of it is black, and there are hands which parallel
with each other, which is right. At the lower left area, there is a hand which parallels with the
keyboard. And it is the right gesture. At the upper right area, there are two hands which are twisted
against each other.,and it is wrong. The second picture in the right area, 2 hands are the point in the
opposite direction, which are wrong. The third picture at the right area, there is a hand forming an
angle with the keyboard. At the lower right area, there is a hand whose wrist forming a right angle. In
162. Solar System (Prediction)
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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the solar system. This is a very beautiful picture, and it
shows a number of things. According to this graph, the largest planet is Jupiter; the colour of it is
brown. You can see from this graph that, the second largest planet is Saturn; the colour of it is brown.
And the smallest planet is Mercury, followed by Mars, Earth, Venus, Neptune, Uranus. In conclusion,
this picture is very informative.
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Retell Lecture
Repeat Rate: 84%
1. Bilingual Parents (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Many parents communicate and educate their children with two languages, probably because
they both know more than one language, or them comes from different countries. Most of these
parents think this can benefit their children’s language learning. But actually kids will get confused
when their parents uses different language from each other to describe the same object. If one parent
sticks to one language, and the other one stics to another language, their children will not be
confused any more.
(APEUni Website / App RL #311)
2. Research (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About the the main goal of doing research, which is to support your own idea in your paper. If
you use research paper from only one source, that does not mean it is not accurate, but you should
be careful. To save time, the best way is to make sure the researches you use are reliable, latest at
the first time.
3. Glass Ceiling (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A picture of a female surgeon in blue. A glass ceiling is a metaphor which refers to an invisible
barrier typically applied to minorities to keep them from rising beyond a certain level in workplaces.
Key words: women role, leadership in surgery, making decisions.
4. DNA (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Genes decide, produce and make the protein in the cells. The process from genes to proteins
is complex. They are the fundamental building blocks of all organisms. DNA, as shown in the picture, is
like a chain.
5. Soot (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Soot, which comes from combustion of many different things, is black so it's a strong absorber. In fact
it's second only to CO2 in terms of warming, so it's actually ahead of methane, which you hear a lot
about. The interesting thing about soot and aerosols' impact on climate is that their lifetimes are so
much shorter. So if we can reduce the soot we can make changes within months versus tens of years.
It's not to say we should ignore the CO2 and the greenhouse gases but it could buy us some time
while we actually do the right strategies to reduce the greenhouse gases.
There're available audio records for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.
6. Noble Gases (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)
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Original:
Uniquely stable, they seemed to participate in no chemical reactions. But by understanding the
stability of the noble gases, physicists discovered the key to chemical bonding itself. Dmitri Mendeleev
added the noble gases to his periodic table in 1902, where he arranged the elements in rows and
columns according to their atomic weight. Mendeleev was able to see repeating (or periodic) patterns
in their properties. The noble gases appeared regularly in the periodic table, occurring in every eighth
position, at least amongst the lighter elements.
App to listen.
7. Leadership (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
A leader can define or clarify goals by issuing a memo or an executive order, an edict or a fatwa or a
tweet, by passing a law, barking a command, or presenting an interesting idea in a meeting of
colleagues. Leaders can mobilize people’s energies in ways that range from subtle, quiet persuasion to
the coercive threat or the use of deadly force. Sometimes a charismatic leader such as Martin Luther
King Jr. can define goals and mobilize energies through rhetoric and the power of example. We can
think of leadership as a spectrum, in terms of both visibility and the power the leader wields. On one
end of the spectrum, we have the most visible: authoritative leaders like the president of the United
States or the prime minister of the United Kingdom, or a dictator such as Hitler or Qaddafi. At the
opposite end of the spectrum is casual, low-key leadership found in countless situations every day
around the world, leadership that can make a significant difference to the individuals whose lives are
touched by it. Over the centuries, the first kind–the out-in-front, authoritative leadership–has
generally been exhibited by men. Some men in positions of great authority, including Nelson Mandela,
have chosen a strategy of “leading from behind”; more often, however, top leaders have been quite
visible in their exercise of power. Women (as well as some men) have provided casual, low-key
leadership behind the scenes. But this pattern has been changing, as more women have taken up
opportunities for visible, authoritative leadership.
App to listen.
8. Bird Migration (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A map of Australia with three pictures of bird to the left of it. The male speaker talks about
migrations of birds.
9. Biological Forgetting (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: People forget things every day including experiences, feelings and thoughts. We call this
process biological forgetting. Remembering is hard for people, and people try to overcome biological
forgetting. Human' memory is not fixed, but it can be reconstructed and shaped by the past. Since
ancestors, we have always been trying to improve our memory.
10. Leadership and Management (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About profound differences between management and leadership. Leaders often dislike the
status quo, and want to make some challenges to change directions. However, management stays in
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the status quo and follows procedures to make sure everything goes well. So in other words,
leadership disrupts management.
11. Hans Krebs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is Hans Krebs, who in 1937 published a paper showing the sequence of chemical reactions, by
which energy is released in individual cells. It is called the Krebs cycle, which some of you may
remember from your chemistry course in your high school. Krebs is a wonderful example to me of how
a scientist who is determined can overcome all kinds of human obstacles. Krebs’ father constantly
discouraged him and told him that he had just mediocre intelligence whenever to anything important in
his life, as a teenager. What Krebs remembers in his memoir, his father said to him "you can't make a
silk purse out of a sow's ear". And later on, when Krebs studied with the great biochemist Otto
Warburg, Warburg also told him the same thing. Not the same quote but that he had only mediocre
ability and would never be a great scientist. And we all hear about how important it is for parents to
encourage their children, but sometimes the children will go on to do great things no matter what we
say to them.
App to listen.
12. IT Department (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
And our survey, over 100 CEOs who had recently been through an acquisition or merger were asked
which areas of their activities needed the most effort. As you can see, the most frequent response to
this question was that information technology requires the most integration effort. According to 58
percent of those we surveyed, IT was the most time consuming and needed the most work. This is
understandable as many of the IT issues are extremely complex and the consequences of any change
in IT can have a significant impact. The key is how quickly and effectively IT integration can be
achieved and there has to be a clear understanding of the consequences there maybe of not getting
it right. The two other areas requiring significant attention, sales, marketing and business development
on the one hand and financial management on the other, both were selected by forty nine percent of
the respondents.
App to listen.
13. Library Introduction (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: An introduction of a library includes： functional areas and services in the library; every level of
the library has computers, which students can use to process problems and send and receive emails;
the location of the printers in the library; students can use their student cards; when they need help,
they can ask the staff at the front desk.
14. Graphical Representation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：视频题。男lecturer在讲台上演讲，背景ppt标题是graphical representation。其中很多次提
到graphical representation和software。
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15. Street Stalls (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：图⽚题。集市上很多⼈在摆摊，摊位有三排，每⼀排中都有⼀个是空⽩的。
16. Security Official (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：视频题。⼀個⼈可能是security council官員。⼀個⼈介紹他這個⼈很堅強XXX, 但也有柔軟的
⼀⾯ (soft side)。Sometimes, he is just sitting quietly at security council. We all think he is taking notes
or something, but he is just listening carefully. ⽐如說如果⼝譯員(interpreter)翻得不好，他會直接跟說翻
譯沒有傳達出我要的意思(… does not translate what he said)。在⼀些情況下(具体待确定)，他也會直接跟
對⽅講俄語。…寫在scrap paper上，people pick up the scape papers that he left.
17. Edmund Wilson (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Wilson came then from a different world and he became the focal point of a broad mainstream
American culture that thought that modern literature and wanted modern literature to be able to be
read and appreciated by ordinary people. They were not modernists in an abstract sense and certainly
some of them like TS Eliot and Faulkner were too difficult for some of their writings to be read by
ordinary people, but this was a world before the division between the brows or between elite or
whatever had established itself as part of our consciousness. Wilson was a major player in the
successful effort of his generation to establish at the heart of American life and innovative literature
that would equal the great cultures of Europe. And he knew that the great cultures of Europe were
there he was not a product of a narrow American Studies kind of training at all. He joined a high
artistic standard with an openness to all experience and a belief that literature was as much a part of
life for everyone as conversation. He thought that Proust and Joyce and Yeats and Eliot could and
should be read by ordinary Americans and helped that to happen. Wilson was a very various man over
a period of almost 50 years. He was a dedicated a literary journalist, an investigative reporter, a
brilliant memoirist and a dedicated journal keeper.
App to listen.
18. Thermodynamics (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Thermodynamics is the science of the flow of heat. So, thermo is heat, and dynamic is the motion of
heat. Thermodynamics was developed largely beginning in the 1800's, at the time of the Industrial
Revolution. So, taming of steel. The beginning of generating power by burning fossil fuels. The
beginning with the problems with CO2 and global warming. In fact, it's interesting to note that the first
calculation on the impact of the CO2 on climate was done in the late 1800's by Arrhenius. Beginning of
a generation of power moving heat from fossil fuels to generating energy, locomotives, etcetera. So,
he calculated what would happen to this burning of fossil fuels, and he decided in his calculation, he
basically got the calculation right, by the way, but he came out that in 2,000 years from the time that
he did the calculations, human would be in trouble.
App to listen.
19. Children Obesity (Prediction) (Incomplete)
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Points: 要点：There are 20% of children in the USA today have obesity. As a result, heart diseases
have become more and more common among children. The smallest is 5 years old. This has to be
solved because obesity will lead to more negative health consequences, such as Type 2 Diabetes,
kidney failure, and strokes.
20. Cloud Formation (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Absolutely. There's a lot of interest in what forms those clouds. Why are those clouds there, why do
they stick around? At the center of every cloud drop is a particle. You can't grow a cloud drop without
having a particle there for the water to condense on. The key questions that people have not directly
addressed until very recently is what actually forms those clouds. And so the ones that you’re looking
at over the ocean, it turns out sea salt is a very effective nucleator for forming clouds,, so there’s a
really good chance that those are loaded with sea salt. But as you go inland you start to have pollution
come from all different kinds of sources, and so different sources form clouds more effectively than
others. And we're trying to unravel which sources are actually contributing to the clouds. The clouds
are incredibly important players in climate change in that they reflect the light back to space, and so
they're keeping things much, much cooler than they would be if they weren't there. They also play a
huge role in regional weather. So we're actually starting to see shifts where having more pollution input
into the clouds is affecting weather patterns, and in particular it's actually reducing the amount of
precipitation, so we're starting to see drought in areas with super high levels of air pollution.
App to listen.
21. Procedural Fairness (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：图⽚题。屏幕上有个淡橘⾊的PPT，title是Kumar Case。写了justice, procedural fairness,
conclusion等。⼀男⼀⼥的对话，男问⼥：你对于法律系统有什么concern，提到⼀些专业术语justice,
independency, procedural fairness。然后⼥说就是procedural fairness，它可以让这个party able to see
the other’s evidence, provide information/ opportunity to question the other side，但是最后结论是
actually影响到了fairness。可能的意思是程序正义影响了实体正义。
22. ATM (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
In the early years of ATM machines there were many complaints with the ATMs. The machine was
programmed to allow a customer to collect their money first and then take their card. However, this
made many people forget their cards and it was a worrying issue because anyone could have access
to one's bank account. Now, in the UK, the ATM machines have been reprogrammed so that
customers will take their card first and then collect their money. As a result, it will be less likely for
them to forget the money since that was the main reason for them to use an ATM. Although, people
sometimes still forget to take their money. It is more catastrophic to lose your card because it can
access your bank account.
App to listen.
23. Kids in the Museum (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)
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Original:
So, we were founded just over ten years ago, when I was in the Royal Academy, a museum in the
centre of London, with my three children, at the Aztec exhibition. I don't know if any of you saw it. I
had an older child and two younger children, twins, strapped in a pushchair, and one of my children,
three years old, shouted and I've never denied he shouted he shouted, 'Monster, monster ! ' at this
statue which looked just like a monster, had snakes for hair, a big beak for a nose. And, I thought, this
is fantastic. I've got a three-year-old that's appreciating art. How good can it get? So, I bent down
and I said, 'Yes, it looks just like a monster' And, at that moment, a room warden came over, a gallery
assistant came over and said we were being too noisy, and threw us out to the wrong family. I was, at
that time, a journalist with The Guardian newspaper, and two days later wrote a big piece in The
Guardian about being thrown out of the Royal Academy. What was really interesting was, by the end of
that day, we had had, at the paper, over 500 emails from other families saying, museums aren't
working for us. Let's try and make it work. So, that's what we did. In the Guardian, we set up a
campaign. We called it the Kids in Museums campaign, but it didn't really exist. It was just a few
pages. We ran loads of stories on it; I began touring the country talking about how to make your
museum family-friendly.
App to listen.
24. Child Birth Rate (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The western countries women, especially those under 30 years old, are becoming more and more
reluctant to give birth to babies. However, the male's status in the society remains strong in recent
years. The birth rates increased during 20's century but it remain to decrease in the last two decades,
reaching its historical low. In the year 2000, the birth rate remained at around 1%. There are even
some negative birth rates in other countries. Birth rate dropped to its lowest point that has never been
seen in the history. It also has impacts on male in the society especially the young man, and it might
have some connection with unemployment rate as well.
App to listen.
25. Fatherhood (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 图⽚题:⼀双⼿抱住⼀个婴⼉。关于⽗亲在孩⼦成⻓过程中的⻆⾊。主要是令孩⼦有安全感(safe,
take risk)地去锻炼独⽴能⼒（independent)和⾃主能⼒(autonomy), 成为⼀个有责任感(responsible)和热⼼
(compassionate)的公⺠。
26. Oracle (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Oracle is the largest database company in the world. It has many services such as emails,
voice mails and database. It helps business people travel around and do business anywhere they need.
Mobile phone let people communicate on the way. In conclusion, technology provides convenience. (In
the exam, there is a picture going with this audio, and you can give your response according to the
words in the picture.)
27. King (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)
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Original:
At the top, you would have a king. Now the king would rule over a kingdom. Now, this is not so easy to
govern especially during the Middle Ages. And the king might owe many people, things especially
people who help the king come to power, helped him dispose the previous king or to conquer this land.
And so in exchange for that and to help govern, he might grant land or feasts to other people. And the
key currency in the Middle Ages under the feudal system island. And land in exchange for loyalty and
service. So this whole thing is a kingdom. Now right over here, this is a Duchy. And a Duchy will be
controlled by a Duke. I guess I didn't call it duckie because that just doesn't sound as serious. So the
king might grant a Duchy, a Duchy to a Duke and in exchange, the Duke would provide loyalty pledged
their fealty. If the kingdom is threatened, the Duke will fight alongside. The King would provide their
own troops if the king wants to go conquer other territories, same thing, and also provide the king with
taxes which might be in the form of coinage depending on what time and region we are in the Middle
Ages or it might be in the form of a percentage of the agricultural production from this Duchy.
App to listen.
28. Increasing Productivity (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：The development of technology during Industrial Revolution has increased productivity.
Thus, there is more output for every unit of input, which reduces cost significantly. For example, in the
past, the cost of computer production was relatively high because the price of semiconductors was
expensive. With increased productivity, the cost of computer parts goes down and computers become
cheaper.
29. Greek Diet (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：有⼀张配图是⼀堆沙拉和⻥，关于希腊Diet为什么会这么受欢迎和有保健功效。⽂中说到希腊
⼈的沙拉⽤⼤量橄榄油，以及他们喜欢吃⻥等等。
30. Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it's changed over the last 20, 30, 40 years.
Twenty or thirty years ago, if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East
Asia, it would have been a tragedy for the chicken and its closest relatives, but I don't think there was
much possibility of us fearing a global pandemic and the deaths of millions. Twenty of thirty years ago,
if a bank in North America lent too much money to some people who couldn't afford to pay it back
and the bank went bust, that was bad for the lender and bad for the borrower, but we didn't imagine it
would bring the global economic system to its knees for nearly a decade. This is globalization. This is
the miracle that has enabled us to transship our bodies and our minds and our words and our pictures
and our ideas and our teaching and our learning around the planet ever faster and ever cheaper. It's
brought a lot of bad stuff, like the stuff that I just described, but it's also brought a lot of good stuff. A
lot of us are not aware of the extraordinary successes of the Millennium Development Goals, several
of which have achieved their targets long before the due date. That proves that this species of
humanity is capable of achieving extraordinary progress if it really acts together and it really tries hard.
App to listen.
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31. Pull and Push (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：视频题。通过⼀个例⼦讲pull and push force: 给⼀个箱⼦施加了⼒但箱⼦也不⼀定会动。
force is work done either push or pull. In the diagram there's a cart, pushing and pulling a cart, the
cart experience force Force does not necessarily move the object. Objects can be stationary and still
experience force.
32. Stem Cells (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated, meaning they do not have a specific job or function.
While skin cells protect your body, muscle cells contract and nerve cells send signals, stem cells do
not have any specific structures or functions. Stem cells do have the potential to become all other
kinds of cells in your body. Your body uses stem cells to replace worn-out cells when they die. For
example, you completely replace the lining of your intestines every four days. Stem cells beneath the
lining of your intestines replace these cells as they wear out. Scientists hope that stem cells could be
used to create a very special kind of personalized medicine, in which we could replace your own body
parts with, well, your own body parts. Stem cell researchers are working hard to find ways in which to
use stem cells to create new tissue to replace the parts of organs that are damaged by injury or
disease. Using stem cells to replace damaged bodily tissue is called regenerative medicine. For
example, scientists currently use stem cells to treat patients with blood diseases such as leukemia.
Leukemia is a form of cancer that affects your bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside
your bones where your blood cells are created. In leukemia, some of the cells inside your bone marrow
grow uncontrollably, crowding out the healthy stem cells that form your blood cells. Some leukemia
patients can receive a stem cell transplant. These new stem cells will create the blood cells needed by
the patient's body. There are actually multiple kinds of stem cells that scientists can use for medical
treatments and research. Adult stem cells or tissue-specific stem cells are found in small numbers in
most of your body's tissues.
App to listen.
33. Knee Cracking (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The sound of a cracking knee isn't particularly pleasant. But it gets worse when you listen up close.
Knee-cracking recording "It does for most people. But for me, it actually just makes me excited."
Omer Inan, an electrical engineer at Georgia Tech. "I actually feel like there's some real information in
them that can be exploited for the purposes of helping people with rehab." Inan's experience with
cracking knees goes back to his days as an undergrad at Stanford, where he threw discus. "If I had a
really hard workout, then the next day, of course, I'd be sore, but I'd also sometimes feel this catching
or popping or creaking every now and then in my knee." A few years later, he found himself building
tiny microphones at a high-end audio company. So when he got to Georgia Tech and heard the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, wanted better tech for knee injuries, he
thought: knee-cracking recording Why not strap tiny microphones to people's knees, to eavesdrop as
their legs bend? "What we think it is, is the cartilage and bone rubbing against each other, the
surfaces inside the knee rubbing against each other, during those movements." He and a team of
physiologists and engineers built a prototype with stretchy athletic tape and a few tiny mics and skin
sensors. And preliminary tests on athletes suggest the squishy sounds the device picks up are more
erratic, and more irregular, in an injured knee than in a healthy one. Which Inan says might allow
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patients and doctors to track healing after surgery. Details appear in the IEEE Transactions on
Biomedical Engineering. "The primary application we're targeting at first is to give people a decision aid
during rehabilitation, following an acute knee injury, to help them understand when they can perform
particular activities, and when they can move to different intensities of particular activities." A useful
thing to take a crack at.
App to listen.
34. Animal Behavior (B) (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Why should we bother studying animal behavior? Well, first and foremost, because we are interested in
understanding why animals do what they do. There are lots of other reasons for studying animal
behavior. Conservation biologists need to know what animals do if they’re going to save them. Are
those animals social or solitary? How much space do they need and how many mates do they have?
Sometimes you can’t predict the outcome of the research. Fernando Nottebohm started out being
interested in how birds know what to sing. Yet his research eventually led to a complete overhaul of
the entire field of neurobiology, a totally unanticipated yet utterly monumental effect. And this is the
course textbook by John Alcock the fact that this is in its ninth edition tells you how fast an afield
animal behavior is. There are lots of new developments.
App to listen.
35. Housing Affordability (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The impact on young Australians who are interested in buying a home of their own has been very
significant. Australia's housing affordability now shapes the typical housing cycle or housing career as
some people call it. Most Australians in the normal course of events are people who move through the
housing cycle in a way that matches the stages of life that they're at. So, they move out of the family
home in their late teens or early 20s as they gain their independence from their families, then they
rent save for a home they can afford as either a group, or maybe a couple. And maybe they can
upgrade it when they have a family in their middle age, they are more than likely to have paid off their
mortgage. And that means they have housing security in their old age. That's no longer the typical
housing cycle for Australians, young people generally live at home for much longer than they once did.
They generally rent for longer and they're more likely to be saddled with a mortgage not just into their
middle age but more often than not into their retirement as well. In fact, in 2006, 65,000 retiree
households were still paying off the mortgage. Affordable rent is also an elusive right around Australia.
We have very low rental vacancies, we see high turnover as landlords want to maximize their profits in
tight market, and we see less long-term or lifelong rental, as we see in other countries and other
economies.
App to listen.
36. Armor (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Hello, I'm David Brown, curator of Italian and Spanish paintings at the National Gallery of Art. The
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treasures in our exhibition, The Art of Power, Royal Armor and Portraits from Imperial Spain, come
from the royal armory in Madrid. They range from the 15th to the 17th century and include some of
the finest examples of Renaissance armor in the world. Fabricated by master craftsmen and artists,
the shields, helmets and armor were made for Holy Roman emperors, kings, and the flower of Spanish
royalty. This is parade armor, made for show, not combat. In form, it looks back to a world
tournaments, jousts and noble gesture. And among the images worked into the steel is something
quite different, a subtle advertising campaign for the imperial ambitions of the Spanish monarchy and
the Hapsburg dynasty. Those who wore it took the words Holy, Roman and Empire very seriously.
App to listen.
37. British Population (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：有⼀张关于UK population的表，列出并朗读了London, Wales, Scotland和British的⼈⼝。⼤
部分⼈⼝居住在伦敦，London⼈⼝差不多7百万，等于Wales和Scotland⼈⼝之和，所以管理伦敦⽐另外两地
要困难，主要因为英国没有⼀个national party。
38. British Policy (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于British policy，在18th century, 有⾔论⾃由，在各种公共场所如coffee house、街道等都
可以读报纸、可以评论政治，这是public freedom的⼀个重要标志。
39. Food Label (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Traffic light colors (red, amber and green) are used to indicate food’s nutritional values
according to the healthy standard. Different colors represent different food types, so that people can
determine what to eat when they need some certain types of nutrient. The responsibility to label food
properly on the packages is on the retailers. Thus consumers can be aware of food with less salt or
less fat. This system makes it easier for consumer to make decisions.
40. Overfishing (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Aquaculture, the farming of fish, shrimp, shellfish and seaweeds, has been the sources of human
protein for nearly four thousand years, especially in Asia. In the last decade, however, there is been
unprecedented growth in aquaculture production, more than 300% since 1984, which has increased
the importance of the modern food supply. It’s the world’s fastest growing food production activity.
And globally, more than 25% of the odd fishing and shellfish production in 1999 was attributable to
aquaculture. Yes, this industry’s contributions to human diet is actually greater than the numbers
imply, whereas 1/3 of the conventional fish catch is used to make fish meal and fish oil. Virtually all
farmed fish are used as human food. Today, nearly 1/3 of fish consumed by human is the product of
aquaculture, and that percentage will only increase as aquaculture expands the world’s conventional
fish catch, for the oceans and lakes continues to decline because of overfishing and environmental
damage.
App to listen.
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41. Science and Scientist (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点: The difference between science and scientist is mentioned. The interviewees' inclination
towards scientists is also mentioned. A man interviewed says that he does not like science very much,
and science is like furniture. Scientists can tell the story and do research about happy family.
Scientists can propose questions to find what is true.
42. Happiness and Social Relations (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Happiness comes from frequency and quality of social relation. The higher the
frequency, the more happiness relations with friends and family and others produce. It is not sure why
social relation is correlated with happiness. But there’s evidence that when people feel more satisfied
with their social relations, they will feel happier, in turn, when people feel happier, they will get more
satisfied with social relations. Happy people tend to be social more with friends and have more
interaction between family. Some people wonder if their social activities make them happier or their
happy personalities drive them to be social more with their friends and families.
43. Truth and Rhetoric (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
But Aristotle says the reason we need rhetoric is we have to be able to use it. To use rhetoric
influence the ramble, we try to get them to understand truth. Truth is suggest ... is different than XX
Rhetoric is the dressing, is the body, right? Truth is the spirit, is the soul, is abstract. It doesn't have a
body. It's not particular. If you wanna get somebody to the truth, you might have to use some kind of
tricks. Right? Because most of people are not sound and can see the truth. That's what we think.
Most people are rambles. Really. Only the educated be erudite are actually capable of seeing the
truth. If you wanna get the general mass there, you may have to do a little bit. So Aristotle that is
rhetoric. Rhetoric is something that is used to influence people. Right? And it's a kind of mentally
promised a logic.
App to listen.
44. Ageing population (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：As the world population grow, the ageing population has become more serious. Ageing
percentage in the US is now 13% and is expected to be 23% in 2030. The situation is the same in
Japan and Germany. There will be more than 20% of the German population aged over 65 years old in
2030. Ageing problem is related to industrialization.
45. Small Languages (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Small languages are dying out due to globalization and urbanizations. Global languages
such as English has taken place of many small languages. People have been moving to urban areas
where is hard for small languages to survive. Some small languages can now only survive in some
remote, isolated islands.
46. Robot (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：It’s hard to make a robot complete a task that seems extremely simple for a human. For
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example it is very easy for us to see a person but it’s very hard for a robot. A robot has a camera on
it to capture pixels, and then the robot will transform the pixels into an image, which is not as easy as
it sounds like. it is not easy to design a robot to do tasks that are simple to humans.
47. Absolute Zero (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Can we never get to absolute zero? What a wonderful question. I wish I had a wonderful answer to go
with it. Here is the problem, there is actually a law of physics called the third law of thermodynamics,
that says you cannot get to the absolutely zero, but we don' t really know it’s true, but we are pretty
sure it is for the following reason: every time you think of some way of cooling something down a little
bit, it means you try to get energy out of that thing and make the temperature lower. Well if you can
get energy out, usually there is a way that the energy can go in as well. And that always means there
is a competition between taking the energy out and putting the energy in. Now you can try to make it,
so you are favoring getting energy out, but you can’t completely stop the energy from going in and
that means you might be able to get colder and colder, but you won' t be able to get all the way to
absolute zero. Could we go back to my power point, because I think that one of these slides will
illustrate that point a little bit better. Yes, here, remember the logarithmic thermometer? There is no
zero on this logarithmic thermometer, just keeps going down, you make it a fact of 10 colder, you' re
not a zero. You make it a fact of 10 colder, you’re still not a zero. You make it a fact of 10 colder, you'
re still not a zero. So, you start a million of a degree, now you are 10 millions of a degree, now you are
100 millions of a degree. Now you are billions of degree. You never get to zero that way. You get
closer and closer, but you never get to zero. So that’s why we cannot get to absolute zero.
App to listen.
48. Underwater Detectors (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Underwater remote detector called Antares is a camera installed under the water for fish
monitoring. It is a remote technology system. Researchers can monitor fishes on their computers in
universities. The camera can detect surrounding environments and fish. This help find out what they
eat and what they don’t eat. They can stop feeding them if necessary in some situation to save time
and labor.
49. Survey (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
要点：Let’s say if I'm asking which source do you often use to get information. Newspaper? Radio?
And the survey shows 62% of the people chose internet. You might be thinking I am going to say, how
important the internet is, or how quickly it has changed the world for a few years. But what if I tell you
this survey is conducted on the website global and mail.com? Our answer will be different. Because
the people who did this survey on a website must be frequent users of internet. This sample is a
biased sample. So we have to pay attention to how a survey is conducted. (屏幕上有topic：what’s the
most common way that you get access to information? 结果62%的受访者反馈是internet。）
App to listen.
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50. Linguistic Training (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I think with our linguistic training we also get all this invisible training to be authorities, to be the people
who know. It is part of that process that you come out as a world authority on your chosen subject.
But when we move into working with communities, we have to recognise that the communities have to
be the authority in their language. Actually, a woman in the class I'm teaching at Sydney at the
moment, a career woman, expressed this very nicely, although she was talking about something else,
she was distinguishing expertise from authority. And certainly linguists, because of our training we do,
have expertise in certain very narrow areas of language, but we don't have the authority over what to
do with that knowledge or what to do with other knowledge that the community produces. I guess for
me the bottom line is languages are lost because of the dominance of one people over another. That's
not rocket science, it's not hard to work that out. But then what that means is if in working with
language revival we continue to hold the authority, we actually haven't done anything towards undoing
how languages are lost in the first place, so in a sense the languages are still lost if the authority is
still lost.
App to listen.
51. Earth v.s. Mars (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A PPT is given, and you can read it accordingly. This lecture compares the conditions on the
earth and Mars, as well as the habitability of Mars. There are some similarities such as polar caps,
atmospheres and water climate. But Mars and the earth also have lots of difference. Even the most
inhabitable areas on the earth are way different from those on Mars. In preparing for the Phoenix
Mission, scientists have done Antarctica trial runs. The lecture also describes different forms of water
(hydrology) on the surface and underground of the earth and Mars.
52. Governmental Blogging (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：有⼀张⽂字简洁的PPT，基本可以照着读。 We normally see blogging as a two-way
interaction, in which the blogger/author creates the content and the readers interact or challenge the
author. But the case will be much difficult when it comes to government, such as the White House.
Because people will become coarser and ride online, especially in the comment area. Hence the
governor blog may go wild and chaotic.
53. European Economic Structure (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
After the recession era Europe confronted a change in economy structures in Europe. After industrial
revolution around the 19th century, the machinery was widely used in the manufacturing, so the
production in factories increased. As a result, circulation of goods became faster, and this led to more
accumulation of social wealth. Because of this, the population of middle class expanded and this
resulted in the additional accumulation of wealth. This research that conducted by pioneering
scientists examined the extent and patterns of structural changes that have occurred in European
economies during the recent crisis using some stylized facts on changing output and employment
structures at a detailed sectoral level. Focusing mainly on the new EU member states, we compare
the performance of various European countries by looking at the differentiated impact of the recent
crisis on structural shifts in their economy. We start with stylized facts related to output and
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employment structures at broader sectorial (NACE-2) level and attempt to find out whether there has
been a structural convergence (or divergence) of the New EU Member States (NMS) compared to the
more advanced 'old' EU countries (OMS) during the crisis. Finally, we provide also some policy
conclusions related to the future role of the NMS in the economy of an integrated Europe, especially
in view of post-crisis growth challenges. The financial crisis 2008-2011 adversely affected the
manufacturing industry more than services--particularly in terms of employment--and accelerated
structural change in favor of the services sector. The latter tendency was more pronounced in the
NMS though even here country-specific differences were remarkable. The importance of industry in
this group of countries remains strong. There has been no EU-wide uniform pattern of structural
change; the formulation of industrial policy at the EU level-- even reaching the 20% target of
industry's share in GDP--is challenging and hardly attainable.
App to listen.
54. Latin America Economic Reform (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：有⼀⾏Economic growth percentage的数据作为配图。 Over the past 20 years, the
economy in Latin America developed by 80%. After globalization and reform the growth slowed down
to 10%. People were asking why and start to consider if the reform is positive or not. The growth rate
of economy was even slower than that before the reform. It is not sustained at all. The poverty rate
which was at $2 per day has increased.
55. Advanced Machine (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Human used to utilize simple machines to understand themselves and improve wellbeing.
Later, engineers developed more complicated machines to expand human’s life expectancy. So that
we can have more time to create more advanced machines. For example, now we have ECG to study
the different parts in our body and how they work, without going into the body.
56. Dissociation of personalities (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Morton Prince was an American physician and psychologist, his book “Dissociation of a
Personality” was the best-seller at that time. It tells a story of Miss Christine Beauchamp, who was
suffering from MPD (Multiple Personality Disorder) . Miss Beauchamp have several personalities,
namely B1, B2 and B3. There was hidden memory in these 3 personalities. Miss Beauchamp was B2.
B2 knows about B1, B3 knows both B1 & B2, but B1 knows nothing about B2 or B3. The strongest
personality account for most of the time and it will take over the others and become the main
personality at the end. This case and theory give great help to crime investigation.
57. Visual Description (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The comics I show you with lots of people chatting around in a room is a form of description. We use
different kinds of methods to describe a situation. Sometimes we have to use visual description,
particularly when we do not witness the scenario. I was born during the Second World War and my
hometown is X, for example when I asked my mother about the war, I always ask her you have
mentioned this or that when you talked to me when asked her about the shelter, I asked her what the
shelter looks like and when did you go to the shelter. From her response I could get more visual
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evidence as I can to write my book.

App to listen.
58. Frog Mutation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：配了⼀个饼图 60% frog with normal limbs 20% with… The graph shows tree types of
frogs in different region, indicating their life habits and their influence on human. The variation of frog
has been existing for many years that some have more limbs while some have fewer limbs. The lecture
also explains the reason for the gene mutation. Many people are worried that river those frogs live will
be polluted by them and affect our health.
59. Wage, Consumption and Debt (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：According to the speaker, the wage increase is 5%, which is very weak. The
consumption is about 15%, which seems decent. The housing debt is about 40%, which is unusual. But
can be understandable after the wage and consumption increase.
60. European Educational Expenditure (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today, I wanna talk about an important aspect of education which is the education expenditure of the
UK, compared with other European countries. Based on a recent paper published in the economist
journal, UK has only spent 1% of its total GDP on tertiary education, which was insufficient as
compared with other European countries such as Finland and Denmark. For instance, the expenditure
of Spain is close to the UK in some cases in 2007 and this survey conducted among 50 major cities
around the country. However, Denmark and Finland spent much more than the other European
countries. So, if we decide to compare the education expenditure of the UK with various developing
countries, we will find mindboggling figures in this regard compared to the other countries.
App to listen.
61. Mega Cities (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于mega cities' impact。 Global population has increased by 4 folds, from 1.5 billion in
1900 to 6 billion in 2000. While resource consumption has increased more significantly by 16 folds over
the century. Due to urbanization, cities, which only account for 2% of the land, have 50% of the total
population and consume 75% of the resources. People not only use every resource but also produce
tons of wastes.
62. Ship (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Our civilization, which subsumes most of its predecessors, is a great ship steaming at speed into the
future. It travels faster, further, and more laden than any before. We may not be able to foresee every
reef and hazard, but by reading her compass bearing and headway, by understanding her design, her
safety record, and the abilities of her crew, we can, I think, plot a wise course between the narrows
and bergs looming ahead. And I believe we must do this without delay, because there are too many
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shipwrecks behind us. The vessel we are now aboard is not merely the biggest of all time; it is also the
only one left. The future of everything we have accomplished since our intelligence evolved will depend
on the wisdom of our actions over the next few years. Like all creatures, humans have made their way
in the world so far by trial and error; unlike other creatures, we have a presence so colossal that error
is a luxury we can no longer afford. The world has grown too small to forgive us any big mistakes.
App to listen.
63. Loggerhead Turtle (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Main points: The lecture talks about loggerhead turtle, one of the largest turtles in the world,
and almost distinct in the USA. They have big heads and short necks. In September, 1986, scientists
put a tracker on a turtle’s shell, and use satellites to track and locate the migration route of the turtle.
They reach different localities in different time. The migration takes three months, from the south
Florida to the north. The text to be confirmed: It is time for this young loggerhead Turtle to go to work.
We can tether turtles in these little cloth harnesses, put them in this tank and they'll swim in place.
University of North Carolina Biologist Ken Lohmann studies sea turtles that are programmed from birth
for an extraordinary journey. The mother turtles bury the eggs on the beach and then return to the
sea and the eggs hatch about 50-60 days later. With support from the National Science Foundation,
Lohmann is learning how these reptiles use the Earth magnetic field to navigate a 5-10-year joumey
around the Atlantic Ocean. The turtle seems to inherit a set of responses that tell them what to do
when they encounter specific magnetic field at particular locations. This animal magnetism can be a
life saver. One filed off Portugal triggers the turtles to turn south. If they don't, they will likely die,
swept into frigid North Atlantic waters. In one lab test, turtles responded to magnetic fields similar to
what they would encounter off coast of Florida. The great majority of them turned southeast. Now,
this is an exciting finding because south easterly orientation in this part of the world, would presumably
take turtles further into the Gulf Stream. So turtles actually have, what might be considered, a crude
global positioning system that is based on the Earth magnetic field. And check out this experiment,
these turtle moves may look odd. The turtles will actually act out their swimming behaviour in air. But
this wave simulator recreates the first environmental cue hatchling turtles respond to, and so
swimming into waves is a highly reliable trick that turtles use to guide themselves offshore. I guess you
can call it, TPS, the turtle positioning system and while we humans spend hundreds of dollars for
device like this that tells us where in the world we are, the turtles just know. Understanding how that
works will help us protect the species. Now the only question is, how can we help them get out of their
shell?
64. CO2 Pollution (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The topic is the correlation between greenhouse gases and temperature. Greenhouse gas has
increased during these years. It does not prove one causes the other, but the correlation is true and
undeniable. CO2 is a lot worse than we thought, but we don’t know how to reduce the amount.
Developing sustainable energy resources is important to conserve the energy we have.
65. Motivation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：讲到two types of motivation, 即Approach Motivation and Avoidance Motivation。
Approach Motivation means moving to things that are positive, such as vocational plans. Avoidance
Motivation is driving away things that are negative and whose purpose is to reduce anxiety. Avoidance
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Motivation is quite intense.

66. Soot Emission (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Sometimes it's the little things that can make big things happen. Fleas and the plague, atoms and
nuclear bombs. Diminutive leaders in world history. Soot is one of these little things. Soot also known
as black carbon is released when you burn dung, coal, diesel fuel and wood. From Los Angeles to
Mumbai, soot causes respiratory illnesses like lung cancer and asthma and contributes to one point six
million premature deaths every year. Mostly among the poor. And it gets worse. Atmospheric currents
carry soot thousands of miles from where it is produced, to the Himalayas and the Arctic. Black
carbon being black, absorbs sunlight, so even a little soot on snow makes it melt faster. And when
snow melts global sea levels rise, threatening our freshwater indigenous communities and polar bears
who hunt on the Arctic ice. Climate Change has been a big thing for a while and carbon dioxide has
been its main cause. Scientists estimate that soot causes twenty five percent of human-caused
global warming. It’s the second leading cause of Arctic warming after carbon dioxide. Let’s not
underestimate the impact of this tiny particle. But there’s good news, reducing black carbon may be
the fastest way to slow global warming. Buy time for the Arctic. Yes even more so than changing a
light bulb. Since black carbon only stays in the atmosphere for a couple of weeks, reducing it will
produce results immediately. Of course, reducing soot alone won’t solve global warming, but solving
our soot problem now will help buy time for the Arctic and allow us to deal with the bigger problem of
carbon dioxide. We have the cleaner industries, cook stoves, and diesel now we have to use them. In
developed nations, we’ve significantly reduced our black carbon, but we still have much more to do.
We need to tighten our standards at home and invest in cleaner technologies in developing nations. In
a world going on seven billion people, you might feel rather little yourself. But if you urge the US
government and the European Union to take the lead on black carbon reduction, you can make a big
difference.
App to listen.
67. Rural Poverty (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A table showing populations in rural and urban areas of India, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. The
topic is the poverty in rural and urban areas. Firstly, the poverty rates in rural areas are much higher
than those in urban areas, because most of the poor live in rural areas. Rural areas also have high
infant mortality rate and low education level. It is important to make sure the population in rural areas
have access to sanitation and education. The poverty in urban areas is caused by the migration from
rural areas.
68. Robot and Unemployment (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：视频题，关于robot，提到某某是the father of technology, 貌似是Henry Ford，以及提到
unemployment。有了robot，有的⼯作就不需要⼈做了，导致了失业率的上升。 robot的出现是好还是坏?
69. Advertising Standard Authority (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 介绍HFSS，意思是food high in fat, sugar and salt。介绍ASA这个组织，即Advertising Standard
Authority，helps consumers make healthy decisions in buying food and drinks, also helps consumers
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identify the food contents in the labeling, like sugar, salt。

70. Language Learning (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive skills, because
language stands apart in several ways. For one thing, the use of language is universal-all normally
developing children learn to speak at least one language, and many learn more than one. By contrast,
not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few people learn to paint well,
and many people cannot carry a tune. Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and
understand language, it may seem to be simple. But just the opposite is true-language is one of the
most complex of all human cognitive abilities. Sample answer: The lecture talks about the differences
between language learning and other cognitive skills’ learning. The use of language is universal used,
and all developing children learn to speak as least one language, even more than one. Not everyone
becomes proficient at other cognitive skills, such as mathematical reasoning, painting or carrying a
tune. The universal use of language makes it capable of learning simply. Language is one of the most
complex human cognitive skills.
App to listen.
71. Melatonin (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
I'm just going to take on where stuff left off. The hormone I want to now talk about it's called
melatonin. The synthesis is in the Pineal Gland, which is very small. It is the size of a pea in your brain.
Descartes called it the 'seat of soul', and it is where melatonin is made. And it has a rhythm as well.
And in the sense, it is the opposite of the cortisol. It peaks at night. We call it as the darkness
hormone. In every species that we studied, melatonin occurs at night. And it's hormone that prepares
you for the things, that your species, does at night. So, of course, in humans we sleep, but animals,
like rodents, they are awake. So, it's a hormone that is related to darkness behavior.
App to listen.
72. Bee Language (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Honey bees do a waggle dance to direct other bees to the source of nectar. The dancing bees like
this one can be halted by a headbutt from another bee. Now research has found that this headbutt is
actually a warning signal. A feeding station was set up in the lab to mimic the a source of nectar, then
foraging bees were introduced to the dangers at the station, such as competition from rival colonies.
When foragers returned to the hive they stopped bees dancing. Scientists think the behavior warns
dancers of a dangerous source of nectar.
App to listen.
73. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
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Protons are finally transferred to the LHC (both in a clockwise and an anticlockwise direction) where
they are accelerated for 20 minutes to 6.5 TeV. Beams circulate for many hours inside the LHC beam
pipes under normal operating conditions. For each collision, the physicist's goal is to count, track and
characterize all the different particles. The charge of the particle, for instance, is obvious since
particles with positive electric charge bend one way and those with negative charge bend the opposite
way. Also the momentumof the particle can be determined. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's
largest particle accelerator lies in a tunnel. The LHC is a ring roughly 28km around that accelerates
protons almost to the speed of light before colliding them head-on. Protons are particles found in the
atomic nucleus, roughly one thousand-million-millionth of a meter in size. The LHC starts with a bottle
of hydrogen gas, which is sent through an electric field to strip away the electrons, leaving just the
protons Electric and magnetic fields are the key to a particle accelerator.
App to listen.
74. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Vitamin D refers to a group of fat--soluble secosteroids responsible for enhancing intestinal
absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. In humans, the most important
compounds in this group are vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be
ingested from the diet and from supplements.[1][2][3] Very few foods contain vitamin D; synthesis of
vitamin D (specifically cholecalciferol) in the skin is the major natural source of the vitamin. Dermal
synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol is dependent on sun exposure Vitamin D from the diet or
dermal synthesis from sunlight is biologically inactive; activation requires enzymatic conversion
(hydroxylation) in the liver and kidney.Evidence indicates the synthesis of vitamin D from sun exposure
is regulated by a negative feedback loop that prevents toxicity, but because of uncertainty about the
cancer risk from sunlight, no recommendations are issued by the Institute of Medicine (US), for the
amount of sun exposure required to meet vitamin D requirements. Accordingly, the Dietary Reference
Intake for vitamin D assumes no synthesis occurs and all of a person's vitamin D is from food intake,
although that will rarely occur in practice. As vitamin D is synthesized in adequate amounts by most
mammals exposed to sunlight[citation needed], it is not strictly a vitamin, and may be considered a
hormone as its synthesis and activity occur in different locations. Vitamin D has a significant role in
calcium homeostasis and metabolism. Its discovery was due to effort to find the dietary substance
lacking in rickets.
App to listen.
75. Salary Types (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Straight salary sales compensation plans aren't very common, but they do have a place in some
organizations. With this type of structure, you'd pay your sales people a straight albeit competitive
salary like all of your other employees, and nothing else. No bonuses, no commissions, and few, if any,
sales incentives. This type of compensation plan is most often used when the industry you operate
within prohibits direct sales, when sales people work as part of small groups or teams and all
contributions are equal, when your sales team is relatively small, or when your sales people are
expected to spend much of their time on other responsibilities other than selling. However, these plans
don't tend to offer motivation to sales people, as there are no incentives for them to work harder.
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Salary plus commission sales compensation plans are possibly the most common plans used today.
They're structured in a way that sales people receive a lower base salary along with commission pay
that makes up the majority of the total compensation. Organizations use salary plus commission sales
compensation plans when there are opportunities to support all sales people on this structure and
when there are proper metrics in place for tracking sales to ensure that the splits are fair and
accurate. This type of plan is often the better choice as opposed to straight salary because it offers
motivation to increase productivity and to achieve goals. It also offers more stability. Sales people will
still get some types of pay even if they're in training, when sales are low during certain months, or if
market conditions get volatile. However, it can be more complex to administer. Commission only sales
compensation plans are exactly what they sound like you pay your sales people for the sales they
bring in and nothing else. There is no guarantee of income. These types of plans are easier to
administer than salary plus commission and provide better value for your money paid as they are
based solely on sales achieved. They also tend to attract fewer candidates, but do attract the most
top-performing and hardest working sales professionals who know they can make a good income
because they know how to sell. On the other hand, though, they can create aggression within your
sales team and low income security, which can lead to a high turnover rate, and sales rep burnout
from stress.
App to listen.
76. Animal Behavior (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
We can ask 2 fundamental questions about animal behavior they referred to as proximate and
ultimate. Proximate questions are those concerned with the mechanisms that bring about behavior.
Ultimate questions are those concerned with the evolution of behavior. We can divide the proximate
and ultimate into 2 sub-questions. For proximate, how does behavior develop and secondly what
causes the behavior. For ultimate, you can ask how did the behavior evolve and secondly what is the
adaptive of significance of the behavior. What’s its purpose? Together these comprise what are called
Tinbergen’s 4 questions about animal behavior. Niko Tinbergen was one of the founding fathers of the
study of the animal behaviors. These questions represent different ways of studying animal behavior
and understanding the difference between those 4 questions are fundamental to understanding
behavior and indeed the whole of biology. How do we study animal behavior? Well that depends on the
type of question we’re hoping to answer.
App to listen.
77. Human Behavior (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Determinant, human behavior is affected by internal and external factors. At the end of lecture, the
speaker mentioned that psychologists are interested in explaining human behavior. Determinant is
influenced by two factors, the personal factors which are internal and the environmental factors which
are external. The personal factors include people's belief on certain things and their individual thinking
about it, while the environmental factors include temperature, air pressure and the others' thinking
about them. In conclusion, one's determinants are affected by both himself and the environment.
Sample answer: This lecture is about determinants of human behavior. It is affected by both internal
and external factors. At the end of lecture, the speaker mentioned that psychologists are interested in
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explaining human behavior. Generally, the personal factors are considered to be internal and
environmental factors are external. Personal factors include people’s belief on certain things and their
individual thinking about it, while the environmental factors include temperature, air pressure and the
others’ thinking about them. In conclusion, human behavior is affected by both himself and the
environment.
App to listen.
78. Drug Ads (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The amount of money drug companies spend on TV ads has doubled in recent years. Studies show
they work: Consumers go to their doctor with a suggestion for a certain prescription drug they saw
advertised on TV. Now a study in the Annals of Family Medicine raises questions about the message
the ads promote. You’re most likely to see drug ads during prime time, especially around the news.
Researchers analysed ads aimed at people with conditions like hypertension, herpes, high cholesterol ,
depression, arthritis and allergies. The drug industry says the ads arm consumers with information.
Researchers found that the information was technically accurate, but the tone was misleading.
”Typically, what we would see with these ads is that before taking a particular prescription drug, the
character’s life is out of control and the loss of control extended beyond the impact of their health
condition says UCLA psychologist Dominick Frosch, who headed the study. For example, herpes
patients were portrayed as being incapacitated for days. Insomniacs were utterly out of23 synch on
the job. Depressed patients were friendless and boring at parties. ”When the character is then shown
taking the drug, he then magically regains complete control of his life.” Frosch notes. None of the ads
mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition . That’s not surprising, given that
the ads are just another form of mass marketing. But prescription medicines are not soap. Sample
answer：The lecture was about advertising. He mentioned that the advertisement on medicine
prescription has doubled, compared to its prime time. People buy drugs depending on what they saw
on the ads. Despite medicine ads may be technically accurate, they are misleading in tones.
Depression patients, for example, may feel better after taking the medicine. However, it does not
mean there is a change in their life style. Therefore, buying the prescription medicine is not like buying
a soap, it takes a sober mind and careful decision and understanding of what we really need to
improve.
App to listen.
79. Country Transformation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点(版本⼀）：有⼀张线图，左边是pre-industralial period，右边是the great transformation。
The lecture talks about GDP, and a lot of countries' GDP didn't change for decades. 以China和印度为
例，说⼀些国家处在transformation的begging和early stages。 rich and developed world都经历过turning
points，with extraordinary GDP growth，经济和科技take off。 Developed countries will not have further
progress，but early stages of transformation will be improved markedly, 转变后会遇到瓶颈。要点（版本
⼆）：Rich countries have reached the turning point of development. During pre-industrial societies,
the increase of income contributed to human’s wellbing. Countries such Africa and China has
developed a lot recently, and the increase of income has contributed to the improvement of human
wellbeing. But for rich countries, it seems that there is no correlation between economic and
technological progress and contentment.
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80. Australia’s Export (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Thanks for this opportunity to speak about Australia's engagement with Asia from the perspective of
trade and in particular to say a few words about what trade is doing in this, in this space. And I'm
particularly pleased to be addressing trade and investment not just of course because these two
things are inextricably linked but also of course because Australia reports to Australia's first ever
Minister for trade and investment. Asia's importance to Australia's economy is growing by the day. It is
one of the most important factors to consider. When assessing the International conditions for national
prosperity Asian demand for our exports has helped Australia manage the global financial crisis better
than most other developed economies. In fact, probably better than all other developed economies. An
investment from Asia has added to the productive capacity of the economy and to overall productivity
in 2013. Seven of our top ten export markets were in Asia and represented 65 percent of our total
exports. Asian markets and Australia's geographic proximity are critical not just for our trade ties and
our capacity to access important global supply chains, but also to the level of foreign investment in
Australia. FDI has grown markedly in Australia over the past decade. In fact it has more than doubled
from about two hundred ninety two billion dollars to 630 billion dollars in 2013.
App to listen.
81. America’s Economic Size (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: In terms of the size of economy, the US economy is more than the total amount of China,
Japan UK and Germany. In terms of the industrial output, US output is $2.8 trillion, but it only equals
to the sum of China and Japan.
82. Teaching (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：讲教师如何应对教育⾰命的。Traditionally, teachers use desks, chairs, paper and pencil to
teach children handwriting and reading from paper.随着技术的发展，the way of teaching has been
radically changed. Teachers are using new technology in classrooms. Education in the future will be
focusing on developing children's critical thinking skills.
83. Beautiful Melbourne (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A picture of Flinders Station，and a female speaker speaking fast. Melbourne is a beauty, but
can be better. It’s important to do……Diversity contributes a lot to the market and its culture.
84. Former Civilization (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The first thing I want to argue is that the former civilization is running into pretty profound crisis in its
relationships to the rest of nature, which we do and what we have depended on for survival and for
flourishing. And this is the most widely and well-recognized in relation to climate change, CO2
emissions, greenhouse gas emissions. But I want to argue the certain dangers in the way that has
been presented as the central question that we have to address. Because ifs interlocked with a
number of other crises that is most noticeably as the crisis in access to fresh water, crisis in access
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to food, biodiversity loss on a huge scale, and associated problems of human in equality not just in a
common world, but actually in the kinds of environmental resources, and pleasures that I can enjoy.
So all those together, have to be looked at an interconnected set of really deep profound crisis.
App to listen.
85. Pavlov Experiment (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
During this time my goals are going to be to talk about the phenomenon that we may share impart
with other animals, and our language and that is emotion. And also talk about some new technology,
brain imaging, functional magnetic imaging. And we try to answer some very old questions about howls
does motivation and emotion work. I’m going to put you with the scenario first and some of you may
be familiar with. This was developed by Pavlov over a century years ago. And in this scenario the dog
presented with the sound, the dog waits, and then feeds food powder and this happened repeatedly,
things starts to happen in the middle of the experiment there. Interesting things start to happen here.
Pavlov’s study was salivation the dog, the salivation increases more time to paralyzes. But other things
happened here, too. You have a dog move around here more, all kinds of things are going on here.
What we trying to capture was the experiment 11m going on to describe today is what is going on in
the brain to generate that state which we called it competitive state. But you can also think about
state in terms of how the dogs' feeling layer, how you feeling about eating lunch today.
App to listen.
86. Superman (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today we’re going to recount heroic tales of superhuman feats of strength, when in the face of
disaster, some people are said to have summoned up incredible physical power to lift a car off of an
accident victim, move giant rocks, or like Big John of song, single-handedly hold up a collapsing beam
to let the other miners escape. Are such stories true? There are many anecdotes supporting the idea,
but we’re going to take a fact-based look at whether or not it truly is possible for an adrenalin-
charged person to temporarily gain massive strength. In proper terminology, such a temporary boost of
physical power would be called hysterical strength. The stories are almost always in the form of one
person lifting a car off of another. In one case in Colorado in 1995, a police officer arrived at a single-
car accident where a Chevy Chevette ended up on top of a baby girl and sank into the mud. The
officer lifted the car and the mother pulled the girl out. In 2009, a man in Kansas lifted a Mercury
sedan off of a six-year-old girl who had been trapped underneath when it backed out on top of her. In
1960, a Florida mom lifted a Chevy Impala so that a neighbor could pull out her son, who had become
trapped when he was working on the car and his jack collapsed. There’s even the case where the MD
500D helicopter from Magnum, P.I. crashed in 1988, pinning the pilot under shallow water; and his burly
friend (nicknamed Tiny) ran over and lifted the one-ton helicopter enough for the pilot to be pulled
out. And, of course, the list goes on, and on, and on. In each of these cases, some aspect of leverage
or buoyancy probably played some role in reducing the magnitude of the feat to something more
believable. And even lifting many cars by several inches still leaves most of its weight supported by the
suspension springs. But our purpose today is not to "debunk" any of the specific stories. The majority
of them are anecdotal, and interestingly not repeatable; in many cases, the person who summoned
the superstrength later tried it again only to find that they couldn’t do it. Basically, what we have is a
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respectably large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests that in times of crisis, danger, or fear,
some people have the ability to temporarily exercise superhuman strength.
App to listen.
87. Invention (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
All of my research and that I conducted was my 60 plus graduate students, was motivated by their
need to learn, so that we can teach. Of course, in some inventions happened along the way but I've
always considered the end the result. And I always consider that this invention to be byproduct,
byproducts of the learning process. The end product for me was always better understanding or when
one really succeeded in unifying theory that can help us in teaching the subject. I've also looked at
teaching as a vehicle to try new ideas, of new ways to doing things on an intelligent group of learners.
That is as the vehicle for the teaching research results. And in my experience, this kind of teaching is
the most stimulated and motivating to students. I am also uncovered many interesting research
problems is the cause of teaching assumption. It is this unity of research and teaching their close
connection and the benefits gathered by exercising and the interplay that to me characterizes the
successful professor.
App to listen.
88. Springtime (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The Earth’s temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of
flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light
pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a
double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the
University of Exeter. He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the
U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights
in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures
could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem. "The caterpillars that feed on
trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the
caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the
caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also
trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So
earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the
Proceedings of the Royal Society B. The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is
growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter
lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we
understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of
street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping
springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.
App to listen.
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89. Implicit&Explicit Memory (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
I want you to try and remember two things. First, I want you to try and remember learning how to ride
a bike. Maybe you have a scar you received when you flipped over the handlebars. The next thing I
want you to remember is how to ride a bike. The reason I asked you to recall both of these memories
is that they belong to two different designated realms of memory. Memory is a fluid and dynamic
system that is exceedingly complicated. To this end, psychologists have attempted to divide memory
up to make it easier to study. There are two main categories. Explicit memory is a memory that can
be intentionally and consciously recalled. This is your memory of riding a bike and falling over the
handlebars, and skinning your knee. The other is implicit memory which is an exponential functional
form of memory that cannot be consciously recalled. This is your memory of how to ride a bike or how
to balance. These are often not tied to a visual memory, but a more like muscle memory. The
examples of implicit memory include using language naturally, driving and reading, and answering
multiple questions in the test, etc., will be natural. Let's look at explicit and implicit memory in a little
more detail, and see how age influences these. It is an experimental or functional form of memory.
Explicit memory consists of a great deal of highly personal memories related to time, space and
people. It is totally different from implicit memory. Now, if we look at the examples of explicit memory,
it includes remembering people's birthdays and answering multiple questions on the test.
App to listen.
90. Rice (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
In 1943, what became known as the Green Revolution began when Mexico, unable to feed its growing
population, shouted for help. Within a few years, the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations founded the
International Rice Research Institute in Asia, and by 1962, a new strain of rice called IR8 was feeding
people all over the world. IR8 was the first really big modified crop to make a real impact on world
hunger. In 1962 the technology did not yet exist to directly manipulate the genes of plants, and so IR8
was created by carefully crossing existing varieties: selecting the best from each generation, further
modifying them, and finally finding the best. Here is the power of modified crops: IR8, with no fertilizer,
straight out of the box, produced five times the yield of traditional rice varieties. In optimal conditions
with nitrogen, it produced ten times the yield of traditional varieties. By 1980, IR36 resisted pests and
grew fast enough to allow two crops a year instead of just one, doubling the yield. And by 1990, using
more advanced genetic manipulation techniques, IR72 was outperforming even IR36. The Green
Revolution saw worldwide crop yields explode from 1960 through 2000.
App to listen.
91. Linguist (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
But when we move into working with communities, we have to recognize that the communities have to
be the authority in their language. Actually a woman in the class I’m teaching at Sydney at the
moment, a career woman, expressed this very nicely, although she was talking about something else,
she was distinguishing expertise from authority. And certainly linguists because of our training we do
have expertise in certain very narrow areas of language, but we don’t have the authority over what to
do with that knowledge or what to do with other knowledge that the community produces. I guess for
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me the bottom line is languages are lost because of the dominance of one people over another.
That’s not rocket science, it’s not hard to work that out. But then what that means is if in working
with language revival we continue to hold the authority, we actually haven’t done anything towards
undoing how languages are lost in the first place, so in a sense the languages are still lost if the
authority is still lost.
App to listen.
92. Arctic and Antarctic (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
So, when we talk about the polar regions, just to clarify exactly what we mean. And we have first of all
the Arctic at the top of the earth and the Antarctic at the bottom, and so the Arctic was named after
the Greek word for bear. Now surprisingly it’s not after the polar bears that live in the Antarctic or live
in the Arctic and based on it’s after the little and great bear constellations that can be seen in the
sky. Now the Greek also hypothesize that there would be the Anti-arctic, which is how we get the
name Antarctica and of course it wasn’t discovered until much later on. Now these regions are
opposite in many ways other than just their names and their location on the globe, and so if we look at
the arctic first of all, and the Arctic is actually ocean surrounded by land, and so you can see here
this is the UK down here and this kind of Russia and then American Canada around here, and so there
is a bit of land cover in our ice on the top in the Arctic, which is Greenland here and Macie all this
area here. Surprisingly a lot of people don’t realize that this isn’t actually land. The north pole isn’t on
land. It’s just one big ocean.
App to listen.
93. Civilization and Art (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
I have said before that you can't have a civilization that doesn't have art. When we think about the
great civilizations historically, all of them had great production of culture and art, because a society
has to be able to observe itself. And the sophistication of the great civilizations were their ability to
look at themselves and what allows a society to do that. Are the producers of Art and Culture mirror
back to the core of the society? Exactly what is being produced at that moment? How people are
thinking of themselves and how individuals are relating to the social structure at that time? Art is the
vehicle through which we understand that. Were you to take away art? What would be that
mirror？How would we see what we are about? How would we understand what was going on in Paris
at the time of the impressionists when people were learning to see in a completely different way. Pre
cinematograph appear all of these things are just emerging and here are people looking at the world in
a very different way which was considered so radical at the time.
App to listen.
94. London Taxi Drivers (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
But we can really thank the Great Exhibition of 1851 for giving us the world’s premier taxi service, for it
was going to this exhibition, and this fabulous exhibition inventions from all around the four corners of
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the Empire that the visitors were appalled, dismayed and vexed by their journeys to this exhibition
because the cabbies of the day, and their horse-drawn carts were absolutely terrible, could not find
their way to this exhibition. And, so, a great public outcry, the London Authority sets up Public
Carriage Office, which is an organization that still exists. And you can take a short walk to Penton
Street up the road. And this Public Carriage office took on the responsibility of licensing all major taxi
drivers in London. All taxi drivers from 1851 onwards had to pass what is now known as the London
knowledge, was phenomenal knowledge of London. What is the London knowledge? It’s the ability to
remember the 25,000 streets, have it all interconnected and all the main arterial roads in and out of
London. Cabbies need to know all this plus a thousand points of specific interest cafes, bars, public
offices. They need to know them all as part of their training.
App to listen.
95. Shy Fish (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
But a new study of fish called sticklebacks shows that shy individuals actually prefer to follow fish that
are similarly timid. Researchers had trios of sticklebacks with known personalities play follow the
leader. The fish were placed in a tank that had some plastic plants at one end and some food hidden
at the other. In some of the groups, a bold fish and a shy fish acted as leaders, while another shy fish
followed. And in other groups, it was a bold fish that did the following. The researchers recorded
whether the follower sallied forth more frequently with the fish that was behaviorally similar or the one
that was different. What they found is that shy fish were more likely to emerge from undercover when
an equally wary fellow was already out there. Bold follower fish did not seem to care which leader they
followed. Of course, no matter which fish a stickleback chose to stick with, the bold fish did lead more
expeditions over the course of the experiment than their more retiring friends. That's because the bold
fish initiated more trips, regardless of who might be tailing them. The researchers write that "when
offered a choice of leaders, sticklebacks prefer to follow individuals whose personality matches their
own, but bolder individuals may, nevertheless, be able to impose their leadership, even among shy
followers, simply through greater effort."
App to listen.
96. Music and Wellbeing (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
So what do we mean by well-being? Health, happiness, a sense of achievement and contentment, a
state of mind and body where people can thrive. Well-being is not something that is purely limited to
people who are facing extraordinary challenges in their lifestyle, health or personal circumstances,
everybody here has a level of well-being. Music so often forms an intuitive part of our well-being
management, music to pick us up, music to calm us down, music to heal our sorrows. Our aim through
research is to move from this level of intuitive application of music through to informed use in our
communities to take the next step in the understanding of the power of music in human life. Music
already works for us on so many levels whether it's soothing and teaching our infants bringing people
and communities together adding spirit to our work and personal endeavors, but there is no reason to
stop here.
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App to listen.
97. Taxonomy (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Welcome to today's lesson. We're continuing with our study of taxonomy. Taxonomy is how scientists
classify organisms into different groups based on the characteristics that they share. So, for instance,
a good way to think about taxonomy is the US Postal Service. If we want to send a letter to someone,
we first start off by addressing it to the nation they are in. By default, we usually assume that's
America but it doesn't have to be in England or Costa Rica or Spain. You put their nation or their
kingdom. Then within that kingdom, you address it to a slightly more specific level their states. So, for
instance, South Carolina would be the same as a phylum. And within that state, you would address it
to their city and then to their street number, the street they live on. Then you would address it to say
their apartment complex and within that complex, you'd address it by their last name to their family
and then finally their first name to the specific person you want to get it to and in that way we're able
to weed out all the 400 million people we don't want to send our letter to in America and pinpoint the
exact person we want the letter to reach. And in the same way, scientists use a taxonomy chart to
pinpoint a living creature and organism and how it relates to everything else in the world.
App to listen.
98. Happiness (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
As Joanne pointed out, only one country, tiny little Bhutan, wedged between China and India, has
adopted the Gross National Happiness as the central index of the government policy, and actually has
a good deal of success in education and in health and in economic growth and in environmental
preservation. They have a rather sophisticated way of measuring the effects of different policies on
people's happiness. They are the only country to go that far. But you are now beginning to get other
countries interested enough to do kind of white paper policy analyses of happiness research—what
effects would it have if we used it more for public policy? You are beginning to get countries like
Australia, France, Great Britain, that are considering publishing regular statistics on happiness. So it is
beginning to become a subject of greater interest for policymakers and legislators in different
advanced countries.
App to listen.
99. Sugar (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
There's sugar in a lot of foods where you don't expect it. Of course there's lots of sugar in donuts of
ice cream, or pastries, or other things that are sweet; candy of course, but there are other places
where you see it and you don't necessarily expect it. So as an example: peanut butter. Here's a list of
ingredients from Skippy Peanut Butter and you see that sugar is the second most common ingredient.
So that you may know from the reading food labels that these ingredients in any food labels that are
listed in order of how much there is in the food itself, so sugar comes right after peanuts. Here's
another example, Beef stew, you wouldn't necessarily expected to find sugar in beef stew but it's
there. Now it's down the list of ingredients, it's actually toward the end, but if you look at the
marketing of this and food at the can, it says, there's fresh potatoes and carrots, but actually there's
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more sugar in this than there is carrots. And so you wouldn't eat something like beef stew and expect
to find this to be the case.
App to listen.
100. London Fog (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Turner, not surprisingly, painted one of the earliest pictures of London's fog, in the 1835 painting the
Thames above Waterloo Bridge. Turner is a trueborn Londoner, is advertising his familiarity with
London's air problem by putting smoke, an atmospheric pollution at its center. And as you can see, in
here, the bridge is the central elements, which is a theme that's later taken up by Monet. And it's
partly obscured by the steam and smoke which rises from both sides of the river. Here, we see a
shot-tower. I think you can just about to see, which was constructed in 1826. Do you know what shot-
towers are? They produce shot for guns, ammunition. And they were very smoky, one of the more
smoking industries. But it's barely visible, as you can see, as are the various industries on the Lambuth
side of the river. There's, on this side, there's a steamship about to dock or preparing to leave. It's
black smoke thrusting up to join the kind of swirling arc of smoke there. William Rodner sees this
painting as a potent essay on the energy and complexity of modern polluted organism. Smoke, I think,
here represents for a flourishing economy, which brings employment and food on tables but also the
dirt and pollution associated with the fumes all seems to be tainted by sulfurous yellow.
App to listen.
101. Early Robot (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is a kind of object that you're probably all familiar with when you had the term robot, but I'm
gonna show you the very, very first robots. These were the very first robots. They were characters in a
play in the 1920s called Rossum's Universal Robots and they, the play was written by Czech writer
called Karel Capek. And basically, these robots, you know, people tend to think of robots as kind of
cute cuddly toys or, you know, Hollywood depictions kind of devoid of politics. But the first robots were
actually created and imagined in a time of absolute political turmoil. You just had the First World War,
you know, it finished had a devastating impact across Europe and so people will kind and people are
kind of reflecting on what does it mean to be human, what makes us human, those kinds of question.
And this kind of context is what inspired Capek to kind of write this play. And interestingly, these
robots being human, they are actually in the play assembled on a production line, a bit like the Ford
manufacturing production line. So even though they are human, they are assembled and these robots
are designed to labor, and that is their primary purpose in society.
App to listen.
102. Chest X-Ray (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is one picture that you probably you all know what it is when you see it. It's a familiar looking
image. It's something that probably we all have some personal experience with, right? This is a chest
x-ray that would be taken in your doctor's office, for example, or a radiologist's office. And it is a good
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example of Biomedical Engineering and that it takes a physical principle, that is how do x-rays interact
with the tissues of your body, and it uses that physics, that physical principle to develop a picture of
what's inside your body, so to look inside and see things that you couldn't see without this device. And
you'll recognize some parts of the image, you can see the ribcage here, the bones you can see the
heart is the large bright object down here. If you, have good eyesight from the distance,you can see
the vessels leading out of the heart and into the lungs, and the lungs are darker spaces within the
ribcage.
App to listen.
103. Climate Change (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Climate change, some adverse effects of climate changes to agricultural productions. Some lands are
unsuitable for growing crops. There will be millions of people facing hunger in Africa in the future.
Climate change will result in less production and less food. It is difficult for developing countries to
deal with climate change due to their financial status and other issues. There are many people living in
hunger especially in Africa. The climate change has devastating effects on world economy. The
tropical areas on earth are dry and hot, and are originally not suitable for food production. The change
of the climate leads to extreme weather conditions such as flood and hurricane, which exacerbates
the food production. As a result, it leads to a continuous decline in food supply annually around 10-
17%. And this trend is perceived to be continue in the future by 2070. The regions suffering the most
will be some African countries.
App to listen.
104. Make errors (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Thinking of doing the right thing or wrong thing. For example, if a task is well designed, people are
likely to do the right things, otherwise they are prone to make mistakes.Distractions: People will forget
they are in the middle of doing something. For example, we usually forget to take the original copy
after using the copy machine if something disrupt the thinking process.There are two strategies to
avoid making mistakes. The chance of making mistakes depends on the quality of task design so you
could polish the instructions. If the task is well designed, people are likely to do right things. People are
likely to make mistakes. Remember to avoid distractions. The people who do photocopying might leave
the original copy in the machine if the thinking process is disrupted.
App to listen.
105. Night Sky Darkness (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Our friends at the Highlands Museum and Discovery Center in Ashland, Kentucky, asked a very good
question. Why is it dark in space?That question is not as simple as it may sound. You might think that
space appears dark at night because that is when our side of Earth faces away from the Sun as our
planet rotates on its axis every 24 hours. But what about all those other far away suns that appear as
stars in the night sky? Our own Milky Way galaxy contains over 200 billion stars, and the entire
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universe probably contains over 100 billion galaxies. You might suppose that that many stars would
light up the night like daytime!Until the 20th century, astronomers didn't think it was even possible to
count all the stars in the universe. They thought the universe went on forever. In other words, they
thought the universe was infinite.Besides being very hard to imagine, the trouble with an infinite
universe is that no matter where you look in the night sky, you should see a star. Stars should overlap
each other in the sky like tree trunks in the middle of a very thick forest. But, if this were the case, the
sky would be blazing with light. This problem greatly troubled astronomers and became known as
"Olbers' Paradox." A paradox is a statement that seems to disagree with itself.To try to explain the
paradox, some 19th century scientists thought that dust clouds between the stars must be absorbing a
lot of the starlight so it wouldn't shine through to us. But later scientists realized that the dust itself
would absorb so much energy from the starlight that eventually it would glow as hot and bright as the
stars themselves.Astronomers now realize that the universe is not infinite. A finite universe—that is, a
universe of limited size—even one with trillions and trillions of stars, just wouldn't have enough stars to
light up all of space.Although the idea of a finite universe explains why Earth's sky is dark at night,
other causes work to make it even darker.
App to listen.
106. Brain Development (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
3 stages of Brain development- brain development during childhood, there are three stages, starting
from the primitive brain (the action brain), limbic brain(feeling brain), and finally to the neocortex
(thought brain).Although interrelated, the three had its own function. Primitive brain functions to
manage the physical to survive, manage reflex, motor motion control, monitoring body funtions, and
process information coming from sensing. Limbic brain functioning as a liaison to process emotions
and the brain thinks, and the primitive brain.While the thinking brain, which is the most objective part
of the brain, receiving input from the primitive brain and the limbic brain. However, he needed more
time to process information from the primitive brain and the limbic brain. The brain thinks the merger
is also a place of experience, memory, feeling, and thinking ability to give birth to ideas and
actions.Nerve myelination of the brain take place in sequence, starting from the primitive brain, the
limbic brains, and brain thought. Neural pathways are more frequently used to make more myelin
thicken. Increasingly thicker myelin,the faster the nerve impulses or signals travel alone nerves.
Therefore, a growing child is encouraged to receive input from the environment in accordance with its
development.
App to listen.
107. Reconstruction of Paris (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works program commissioned by Emperor Napoleon
III and directed by his prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugene Haussmann, between 1853 and 1870. It
included the demolition of crowded and unhealthy medieval neighborhoods, the building of wide
avenues, parks and squares, the annexation of the suburbs surrounding Paris, and the construction of
new sewers, fountains and aqueducts. Haussmann's work met with fierce opposition, and he was
finally dismissed by Napoleon III in 1870; but work on his projects continued until 1927. The street plan
and distinctive appearance of the center of Paris today is largely the result of Haussmann's
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renovation.In the middle of the nineteenth century, the center of Paris was overcrowded, dark,
dangerous, and unhealthy. In 1845 the French social reformer Victor Considerant wrote "Paris is an
immense workshop of putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where
sunlight and air rarely penetrate. Paris is a terrible place where plants shrivel and perish, and where, of
seven small infants, four die during the course of the year." The street plan on the Tie de la Cite and
in the neighborhood called the "quartier des Arcis", between the Louvre and the "Hotel de Ville" (City
Hall), had changed little since the Middle Ages. The population density in these neighborhoods was
extremely high, compared with the rest of Paris；in the neighborhood of the Champs—EIysees, there
was one resident for every 186 square meters；in the neighborhoods of Arc is and Saint- Avoye, in
the present Third Arrondissement, there was one inhabitant for every three square meters. In 1840, a
doctor described one building in the tie de la Cite where a single room five meters squares on the
fourth floor was occupied by twenty-three people, both adults and children. In these conditions,
disease spread very quickly. Cholera epidemics ravaged the city in 1832 and 1848. In the epidemic of
1848, five percent of the inhabitants of these two neighborhoods died. Traffic circulation was another
major problem. The widest streets in these two neighborhoods were only five meters wide； the
narrowest were only one or two meters wide. Wagons, carriages and carts could barely move through
the streets. The center of the city was also a cradle of discontent and revolution；between 1830 and
1848, seven armed uprisings and revolts had broken out in the centre of Paris, particularly along the
Faubourg Saint-Antoine, around the Hotel de Vi Ile, and around Montagne Sainte Genevive on the left
bank. The residents of these neighborhoods had taken up paving stones and blocked the narrow
streets with barricades, and had to be dislodged by the army.
App to listen.
108. Marshmallow Test (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Let's take a look at this video of these little kids they were offered the option of having one
marshmallow immediately now or two marshmallows 15 minutes later and you've got some very cute
video tape of this experiment. So let's take a look okay, what we found is a very simple and direct way
of measuring a competence that seems to make an important life difference a researcher tells these
preschoolers that she's going to leave the room if they wait for her to come back without eating the
marshmallows. They'll get two marshmallows or they can ring the bell and she'll come back right away
but then they only get one marshmallow. I would baby though you won't ring the bell. okay, looking at
children over time. Dr. Michelle has found that being able to wait longer at four has some pretty
powerful implications and what are those powerful implications is that that later in life. They're more
discipline and have more self-control is that pretty much it. Well, they are more likely to achieve their
life goals. They have better relationships. They did better on their SI is crazy all because they waited
15 minutes for don't wash me, and I think it is crazy. I probably would have eaten all three but yeah me
too. But um you know actually yes, the ability to be able to pursue your goals in this case it was
stabbed two marshmallows versus one and not going automatic and just grabbed the marshmallow is a
very important skill, but I think a main point in mind in the making is that these skills can be caught,
taught if you' re 14 or 40 or or four it's not ever too late and any child can learn the many adult can
teach them and it's never too late.
App to listen.
Page 192 of 542

109. Minority Languages (Similar) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Welsh is a Celtic language spoken in Wales by about 740,000 people, and in the Welsh colony in
Patagonia, Argentina by several hundred people. There are also Welsh speakers in England, Scotland,
Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand.At the beginning of the 20th century about half of the
population of Wales spoke Welsh as an everyday language. Towards the end of the century, the
proportion of Welsh speakers had fallen to about 20%. According to the 2001 census 582,368 people
can speak Welsh, 659,301 people can either speak, read or write Welsh, and 797,717 people, 28% of
the population, claimed to have some knowledge of the language.According to a survey carried out by
S4C, the Welsh language TV channel, the number of Welsh speakers in Wales is around 750,000, and
about 1.5 million people can 'understand' Welsh. In addition there are an estimated 133,000 Welsh--
speakers living in England, about 50,000 of them in the Greater London area.
App to listen.
110. Archaeology (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are
historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any
other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the
human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and
social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human
action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes
what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and
deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological
history and the more familiar kind based upon written records. Not all human behavior fossilizes. The
words I utter and you hear as vibrations6 in the air are certainly human changes in the material world
and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological
records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops
on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the
archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything
made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few
years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the
archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still
modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few
lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
App to listen.
111. Licking and Grooming (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
So the way a mother rat takes care of its pups is by licking and grooming, nipple switching an arch
back nursing. So the rats that do a lot of licking and grooming and their last rats that rule very little.
But most rats are in between. So that resembles a human human behavious as well, right, you have
mothers that are highly mothering and mothers that couldn't care less and most mothers are
somewhere in between. So if you look at these rats. So all you do you observe them and put them in
Page 193 of 542

separate cages. So you put the high lickers in one cage not the mothers, but the offspring and the low
lickers in another cage and then you let them grow and they're adults now, their mothers are long
buried and you look in the brain and you see that those who had high licking mothers express a lot of
glucocorticoid receptor, gene and though so our lawmakers express know that reflects a number of
factors and that results in a different stress response, but this is not the only difference. We found
later on there are hundreds of genes that are differently expressed. So if you get in a mutation, you
know polymorphism once in a million. Here, just the motherly lauching just hundreds of genes in one
shot and it changes them in a very stable way that you can look at the old rat and you can say
whether it was licked or not. But you can also save by behavior. So if you walk to the cages to the
room the rats that were poorly lit are highly anxious, hard to handle, aggressive, and , and the rats
that were very well handled as as off as little pups. They are much more relaxed much easier to
handle. So you know, like every technician in the lab knows looking at the adult rat how it was licked
when it was a little tough any question , of course, mechanism , how does this work?
App to listen.
112. Bomb Calorimeter (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is a bomb calorimeter; this is the actual piece of equipment that researchers used to calculate
the energy content of either biodiesel or maybe even the potato chips that you had for lunch today.
When they calculate the amount of energy. They’re going to calculate it in heat unites which would
either be joules or calories. I want you to look inside the bomb calorimeter inside here, you can see
that there’s a silver bucket water goes all in here and this is actually the bomb is the smaller silver
cylinder what you do is put your fuel sample in there then these two electrodes are connected to the
bomb. These provide the spark that will ignite your sample when your sample burns or combust that
gives off energy. So how is the energy collected or how did a scientist figure out how much energy is
being given off. Well, it’s a closed system, there’s a lid here that goes on top of this calorimeter and
what’s in here in the lid is a stirrer. The stir is going to stir the water. That’s in this big pool here so
that the heat given off from the sample is going to warm the water in a uniform way. This is the
temperature probe, this goes down in the water also and measures the change in temperature
because as the sample is burned, it will give off heat and the temperature the water will increase. So
the lid goes on the sample is prepared. The last thing that you need to make a combustion reaction
happen is oxygen and at some point during the process, some oxygen is added by a tank. That’s
connected to the calorimeter here. So we are going to burn a sample of the biodiesel that you’ve
prepared and get some feedback on the energy content of it. You’ll be able to use this to compare it
to petroleum-based fuels like octane.
App to listen.
113. Brain (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The brain is basically built from the bottom up first the brain builds basic circuits that are responsible
for basic skills, and then more complex circuits are built on top of those basic circuits as we develop
more complex skills. Biologically, the brain is prepared to be shaped by experience. It’s expecting the
experiences that a young child has to literally influence the formation of its circuitry it’s built into our
biology. The interaction between genetics and experience that shapes brain architecture is embedded
Page 194 of 542

in a reciprocal relationship, the relationships that children have with the adults in their lives. And by
that we mean what we refer to as the serve-and-return nature of children’s interaction with their
adults development. And the impact of experience on development is not a one-way street. It’s a
back-and-forth interaction. The brain is a highly integrated organ which has multiple sections that
specialize in different kind of processes, so we have parts of the brain that are involved more in
cognitive function and other parts that are involved in processing of emotion and parts involved in
seeing and hearing. So if a child is emotionally kind of…well…put together and socially competent,
that will affect more positive and productive learning. And if a child is preoccupied with fears or
anxiety or is dealing with considerable stress no matter how intellectually gifted that child might be, his
or her learning is going to be impaired by that kind of emotional interference.
App to listen.
114. (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Wind turbine is a device that will convert wind into mechanical movement, which we can use to power
water pump or electricity generator. Now the power that the turbine creates is obviously depended on
the wind speed, it also depended obviously on the number of sails, the area of the sails and the angle
of the sails makes to the wind. So you can imagine if the turbine blades flat onto the wind, the wind's
going to just bend it, if there is slight angle when the wind hits it, it's going to turn the blades. We can
use that for powering things. Now, we're going to have a go, making some of the very, very simple
paper windmills, a sort of things that you can make from the bits and pieces lying around home, and
use that to drive very small generator to power electronic devices.
App to listen.
115. Infinite Monkey Theorem (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
This illustration often used is the one that the monkeys and the typewriters. Ok, we have a monkey
sitting at a typewriter and the claim here is basically if you leave chance in time long enough you will
get life, don't worry about it, yes, its's strange, yes, it's wonderful, but leave enough matter 600 million
years on earth and you will have life. So, the monkey sitting at the typewriter the chances are
eventually he produces the complete works of Shakespeare so what's the problem. So, there's no
problem. There's no issue, right? You just leave it long enough and you'll find. And one key striker
seconds, the monkey might well eventually get to you the complete works of Shakespeare but he
doesn't manage to do it in 600 million years. So, what I decided to do is to run the numbers. I, instead
of saying typing the complete work of Shakespeare, I just run the numbers for how long would it take
a monkey typing one key striker a second. To type "to be or not to be that is the question'. Right? On
average how long is it gonna take my monkey friend one keystroke a second. I don't know how you
think it would be. Maybe you could have a guess. Would it be less or more than 600 million years,
which is the period life on earth isn't supposed to have emerge within and when I run the numbers" to
be or not to be is the question' takes 12.6 trillion trillion trillion years to type just that phrase and a
DNA string has got as much as information the encyclopedia Britannica. Are we saying that something
of that complexity emerges by chance undirected within 600 million years? Again, it's mathematically
possible but it's so incredibly unlikely that it would have that it tilts me in favour of the Christian story
in which God creating life, simply a question of saying let that be and there was.
Page 195 of 542


App to listen.
116. Trade-off Triangle (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well, it‘s about whether you can achieve a win-win solution, whether you can achieve economic
growth which brings wealth in order to cut poverty without damaging the biodiversity. And the
argument is that if you want to protect biodiversity, you have to focus on that as a goal; but if you do
that, you have… you run the risk of hurting the poor and you also run the risk of inconveniencing and
reducing the economic growth. We use the developed and industrialized countries to see this
argument, this axis argued about with, let us say, a government wishing to start drilling for oil in place
X which is full of wildlife, and wildlife conservation society is urging them not to on the grounds that
it’s a wilderness refuge. We use to that debate. What I’m saying is that in the developing world there’s
a third axis and it’s a complex one.
App to listen.
117. Historic Library (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Indeed, the library. We've all been to a historic library. We've all enjoyed the smell of a historic library.
But what is it? And what does it mean? When we've recently, when at UCL Center for Sustainable
Heritage, we've recently been asked to assess the environment at another historical library at Saint
Paul's Cathedral, the Wren library, an incredible place. And it has a such an intensive smell of old
books, and we were also asked for the first time really I was actually taken aback by the brief, we were
asked what you do please preserve the smell. It is so important to our audience. It is so important how
people perceive the library. So, that is, that was quite an important message in our research. And
indeed the smell is an important way of how we communicate with the environment. This piece of
research was done by an advertising company because advertisers are so interested in how we, how
we interact with each other and the environment. And we see that the majority of people use sight
obviously to interact with the environment, but on the second place, we see the smell is also very, very
important.
App to listen.
118. Skoog (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
The Skoog is a new university accessible musical instrument. It is designed to use by children or adults
with special needs or in fact be used by anyone. It’s soft, it’s easy to play, it’s robust and it can be
customized to suit anyone’s abilities. The Skoog helps students with special needs by allowing them to
get involved in making music themselves. It’s an instrument that they can play it and they can take
ownership of and start creating their own sounds and music. Traditional instruments are the shape and
size and made of the materials they are because of the sound that they need to make. If you want to
make a sound like a plucked string, you need a string and it needs to be under tension, whereas with a
Skoog, because it’s a mixture of software and a sensor, then thus the computer can handle making
the sound. And so we can design an object that’s designed to be touched and designed to be played
Page 196 of 542

with. In developing the screen and working with kids in the schools and in the classrooms, it’s really
helped us make the Skoog something that’s usable by the children themselves. They’ve informed us
massively on how it needs to work and they’ve given their opinions on colors and designs. And just the
feedback they’ve given to us has been just marvelous. It’s just so enriching and it’s really inspiring to
actually work with these kids, particularly when you can provide them with an ability to start to playing
their own music as opposed to just taking part through listening and listening to other musicians and
really learning from.
App to listen.
119. Economical Cycle (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today's economy: materials are extracted, products manufactured, used and thrown away at as low a
cost as possible. This cycle is not only polluting, it is unsustainable in a planet with limited resources.
But, it can be improved. Have you heard about the circular economy? Products stay in the economy
for longer, and at the end of their life they are reused, repaired, remanufactured, upgraded or
recycled. Truly creating a circular economy could give a 1.8 trillion Euro boost to the European
economy. That's the same amount as Italy's entire economy. It would also be good for the
environment: reducing the damaging extraction of raw materials, improving air quality by reducing
incineration and preventing toxic residues leaking into the soil through landfill waste sites. But what
about people? It is estimated that for every 10,000 tonnes of waste: 1 job can be created if that waste
is incinerated, 6 jobs if it is landfilled, 36 if it is recycled and 296 if it is reused. Examples from all
around Europe show that when people and social enterprises are able to get involved in the circular
economy, the social, environmental and financial benefits are enjoyed by all. [show a repair cafe, a
lending shop, a social enterprise that collects textiles, a tool library, people saving money because of
longer-life or reuse of products, etc.] On 2 December, the European Commission published the
circular economy package, which places people at a secondary level. The Greens are calling for a
better integration of people's interests in the circular economy, such as stronger support for citizen's
initiatives and social enterprises and a stronger focus on green job creation. This is why the greens
are calling for 5 things to change in the package.
App to listen.
Page 197 of 542

Answer Short Question

Repeat Rate: 97%
1. What do we call the cloth that covers the screen after a movie ends in cinema?
Answer: curtain (APEUni Website / App ASQ #756) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
2. What do people usually use to cut food？

Answer: knife (APEUni Website / App ASQ #755) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
3. Points:
Answer: (APEUni Website / App ASQ #754) (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
4. If your knees are located in the centre of your legs, which centre are your elbows located in?
Answer: arms (APEUni Website / App ASQ #753) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
5. What is the name of the liquid in the pen?

Answer: ink (APEUni Website / App ASQ #752) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
6. What do you call a person from Netherlands?

Answer: dutch (APEUni Website / App ASQ #751) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
7. What do you call someone who buys something?

Answer: consumer / customer / shopper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #750) (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
8. What do we call a period of 1000 years?

Answer: millennium (APEUni Website / App ASQ #275) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
9. What do you call a place where tennis is played?

Answer: tennis court (APEUni Website / App ASQ #749) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
10. What do you call a person who studies the weather?

Answer: meteorologist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #748) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
11. What is the replacement of a typewriter?

Answer: printer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #747) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
12. Points: What do you call a thin island that is extended and surrounded by the sea?
Answer: peninsula (APEUni Website / App ASQ #746) (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
13. Points: What is the name of study that studies past and people's interaction?
Answer: anthropology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #745) (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
14. Points: If you are eating soup, what kind of utensils do you use?
Answer: spoon / spoons (APEUni Website / App ASQ #744) (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
15. How many sides does a hexagon have?
Page 198 of 542

Answer: six (APEUni Website / App ASQ #743) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
16. What is the name of the third month of the year?

Answer: march (APEUni Website / App ASQ #742) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
17. Where are the eyes located?

Answer: face (APEUni Website / App ASQ #741) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
18. What do you call a statue or a building that is dedicated in memory of someone?
Answer: monument (APEUni Website / App ASQ #740) (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
19. What do you call it when a person copies someone else's writing?
Answer: plagiarism (APEUni Website / App ASQ #739) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
20. What kind of food that vegetarians do not eat?

Answer: meat (APEUni Website / App ASQ #370) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
21. What is the joint between your shoulder and your forearm?
Answer: elbow (APEUni Website / App ASQ #123) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
22. In the sentence: “He has been quite upset since he went back to school.” Which word uses a past
tense?
Answer: went (APEUni Website / App ASQ #736) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
23. Points: There are three eggs, what is the location of the special egg?
Answer: on the right (there is a picture including three eggs: the left two have eggshells while the right
one does not (APEUni Website / App ASQ #735) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
24. What are buses, trains, and cars used for?

Answer: travel / transport / transportation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #724) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
25. Points: What is this instrument?

Answer: telescope (there is a telescope shown on the screen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #638)
(Prediction) (Incomplete)
26. What will ice become when it melts?

Answer: water (APEUni Website / App ASQ #613) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
27. What do pedestrians move by?

Answer: foot / feet (APEUni Website / App ASQ #626) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
28. Would you go to a pharmacist or a surgeon with a prescription after visiting a doctor?
Answer: pharmacist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #734) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
29. What do you call a list in a book which outlines the structure of the book?
Answer: table of contents (APEUni Website / App ASQ #733) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
30. What is the opposite of north?

Answer: south (APEUni Website / App ASQ #732) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
31. What is the heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine?
Page 199 of 542

Answer: headline (APEUni Website / App ASQ #731) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
32. What is the term used to describe a period of seven days?

Answer: week (APEUni Website / App ASQ #730) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
33. Which organ is the blood pumped from?

Answer: heart (APEUni Website / App ASQ #174) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
34. What is the activity of inhaling tobacco substances?

Answer: smoking (APEUni Website / App ASQ #729) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
35. What do you call the diagram which includes X-axis and Y-axis?
Answer: coordinate system (APEUni Website / App ASQ #728) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
36. How many years are there in a century?

Answer: one hundred (APEUni Website / App ASQ #727) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
37. What is the section in the library where books can be read but cannot be borrowed?
Answer: reserve collection (APEUni Website / App ASQ #726) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
38. What is a line that divides a circle into halves?

Answer: diameter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #725) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
39. What organ on your face do you breathe with?

Answer: nose (APEUni Website / App ASQ #723) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
40. How do you describe a line that segments a circle?

Answer: chord (APEUni Website / App ASQ #722) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
41. What do humans and animals need to inhale for survival?

Answer: air / oxygen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #721) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
42. What can bring astronauts to space?

Answer: spacecraft (APEUni Website / App ASQ #720) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
43. What is the opposite direction of sunrise?

Answer: west (APEUni Website / App ASQ #719) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
44. What do we use to launch a space shuttle?

Answer: rocket / booster (APEUni Website / App ASQ #718) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
45. What do we call the treatment in which people use needles to ease others' pain?
Answer: acupuncture (APEUni Website / App ASQ #717) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
46. If a building is one thousand meters high, from where do we measure the height?
Answer: sea level (APEUni Website / App ASQ #228) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
47. If someone tells something funny to you, what is your reaction?

Answer: laugh / laughing (APEUni Website / App ASQ #716) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
48. What is the act of reusing waste materials?

Answer: recycling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #715) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 200 of 542

49. Which part of our body does a gastroscope look into?

Answer: stomach (APEUni Website / App ASQ #714) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
50. What series of process will politicians go through for election?

Answer: campaign / campaigns (APEUni Website / App ASQ #713) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
51. How do we call a person who writes his own story?

Answer: autobiographer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #224) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
52. What is the political system in which a country is ruled by a king or a queen?
Answer: monarchy (APEUni Website / App ASQ #214) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
53. How many days are there in a fortnight？

Answer: fourteen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #712) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
54. What do you call a person who is guilty in terms of law?

Answer: convict / criminal / offender (APEUni Website / App ASQ #710) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
55. What do you call a word formed from the first letters of other words?
Answer: acronym (APEUni Website / App ASQ #708) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
56. What vehicle runs on railways?

Answer: train (APEUni Website / App ASQ #707) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
57. What do you call a person who is suspected by the police?

Answer: suspect (APEUni Website / App ASQ #706) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
58. What is the opposite of even numbers?

Answer: odd numbers (APEUni Website / App ASQ #702) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
59. How often is a centennial celebrated?

Answer: one hundred years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #698) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
60. What do you call the people who work on boats?

Answer: sailors (APEUni Website / App ASQ #697) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
61. What does 'subterranean' mean?

Answer: underground (APEUni Website / App ASQ #696) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
62. What do you call the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular
service?
Answer: monopoly (APEUni Website / App ASQ #695) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
63. What are the external organs used for hearing?

Answer: ears (APEUni Website / App ASQ #694) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
64. What is the opposite of the word 'public'?

Answer: private (APEUni Website / App ASQ #693) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
65. What is the boat that carries people from one side of a river to the other?
Answer: ferry (APEUni Website / App ASQ #692) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 201 of 542

66. What do you call the people who visit sightseeing locations?
Answer: tourists (APEUni Website / App ASQ #691) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
67. Where on campus are the periodical collections located?

Answer: library (APEUni Website / App ASQ #690) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
68. What do you call the buildings of a university or college and the land around them?
Answer: campus (APEUni Website / App ASQ #689) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
69. How do you call the money that you pay in advance for receiving newspapers or journals?
Answer: subscription (APEUni Website / App ASQ #688) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
70. How many sides does an octagon have?

Answer: eight (APEUni Website / App ASQ #687) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
71. What do you call the persons who study religions?

Answer: theologians / theologists (APEUni Website / App ASQ #686) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
72. What do you call the food made without applying chemicals or artificial additives?
Answer: organic food (APEUni Website / App ASQ #249) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
73. If an event happens annually, how often does it happen?

Answer: once a year (APEUni Website / App ASQ #685) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
74. If you are celebrating a biannual activity, how many years ago did you celebrate it last time?
Answer: half a year (APEUni Website / App ASQ #684) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
75. What gas will be generated from the boiling water?

Answer: water vapor / steam (APEUni Website / App ASQ #683) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
76. What is the line where the sky meets the land?
Answer: horizon / skyline (APEUni Website / App ASQ #682) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
77. What animal is a shepherd responsible for?

Answer: sheep / goat (APEUni Website / App ASQ #681) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
78. What do people with claustrophobia fear?

Answer: confined space (APEUni Website / App ASQ #680) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
79. What clothing do people wear, such as students or nurses, to show that they belong to the same
organizations?
Answer: uniform (APEUni Website / App ASQ #679) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
80. In what room do scientists usually do experiments?

Answer: laboratory (APEUni Website / App ASQ #678) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
81. What will students receive at the end of the term?

Answer: transcript (APEUni Website / App ASQ #674) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
82. What do we call a person who thinks only for himself or herself?
Answer: egoistic / selfish (APEUni Website / App ASQ #673) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 202 of 542

83. What is the yellow stuff that can be found on beaches or deserts?
Answer: sand (APEUni Website / App ASQ #671) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
84. What do we call the subject that studies weather and temperature?
Answer: meteorology / climatology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #669) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
85. What do you call the hard objects in your mouth for eating food?
Answer: teeth (APEUni Website / App ASQ #663) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
86. What will you hear after a flash of lightning?

Answer: thunder (APEUni Website / App ASQ #654) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
87. What do we call a person who writes a book?

Answer: author / writer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #650) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
88. What do we call a cat's baby?

Answer: kitten (APEUni Website / App ASQ #645) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
89. What is the verb describing the process that water becomes ice?
Answer: freeze (APEUni Website / App ASQ #644) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
90. What is the horizontal line that separates the globe into two halves?
Answer: equator (APEUni Website / App ASQ #642) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
91. What is the nominal form of the wide?

Answer: width (APEUni Website / App ASQ #641) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
92. Which day of the week starts with 'th'?

Answer: thursday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #84) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
93. What document does a student get when graduating from the university?
Answer: graduation certificate (APEUni Website / App ASQ #637) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
94. How many quarters are there in a calendar year?

Answer: four (APEUni Website / App ASQ #633) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
95. When trains or cars need to go through a mountain, where do they enter the mountain?
Answer: tunnel (APEUni Website / App ASQ #629) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
96. What is the job title for someone who makes meals in a restaurant?
Answer: chef (APEUni Website / App ASQ #608) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
97. What do you call the document that tells your qualification and work experience?
Answer: cv / curriculum vitae / resume (APEUni Website / App ASQ #606) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
98. What device do you type on when you use a computer?

Answer: keyboard (APEUni Website / App ASQ #280) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
99. How do you call the place where someone is in the jail?
Answer: prison (APEUni Website / App ASQ #605) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 203 of 542

100. What do we call a person's move to a more important job or rank in a company?
Answer: promotion (APEUni Website / App ASQ #603) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
101. Which one in the four seasons has the lowest temperature?
Answer: winter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #602) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
102. What day is the first day of a week which starts with T?
Answer: tuesday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #597) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
103. What does sub-Mediterranean mean?

Answer: climate (APEUni Website / App ASQ #592) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
104. What is the process of moving information from a computer to the Internet?
Answer: upload / uploading (APEUni Website / App ASQ #591) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
105. What do you call a difficult time when economic activities slow down, and there are more people
unemployed?
Answer: recession (APEUni Website / App ASQ #590) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
106. Whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures?
Answer: carpenter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #587) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
107. What do you call students in universities who have not yet graduated?
Answer: undergraduates (APEUni Website / App ASQ #586) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
108. What do you call the son of your sister or brother?

Answer: nephew (APEUni Website / App ASQ #585) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
109. What is the device that controls electrical appliances on and off?
Answer: switch (APEUni Website / App ASQ #582) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
110. Jack is having a presentation on Wednesday. Today is Tuesday. When will Jack have his speech,
today, tomorrow or next week?
Answer: tomorrow (APEUni Website / App ASQ #580) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
111. What is the frozen type of water called?

Answer: ice (APEUni Website / App ASQ #579) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
112. Who is the Swiss greatest scientist in physics?

Answer: einstein (APEUni Website / App ASQ #423) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
113. What is the description of events that is spoken with background music during a film or a play?
Answer: narration (APEUni Website / App ASQ #578) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
114. What do we call famous people?

Answer: celebrity (APEUni Website / App ASQ #577) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
115. What is the highest position in the embassy?

Answer: ambassador (APEUni Website / App ASQ #576) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
116. What device is used to measure the height of mountains?

Answer: altimeter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #575) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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117. In the solar system, which heavenly body produces sunshine?

Answer: sun (APEUni Website / App ASQ #506) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
118. What is the long speech that is spoken by only one actor in a film or play?
Answer: monologue (APEUni Website / App ASQ #574) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
119. What is the list that shows the names of actors and actresses in a movie?
Answer: cast (APEUni Website / App ASQ #394) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
120. If you have a toothache, who will you go to?

Answer: dentist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #573) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
121. Which century is the year 1642 in?

Answer: seventeenth (APEUni Website / App ASQ #572) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
122. When your bone is injured and broken, what would you say you have?
Answer: fracture (APEUni Website / App ASQ #571) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
123. What do meter and millimeter measure, weight or length?

Answer: length (APEUni Website / App ASQ #566) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
124. What is the legal document protecting someone's intellectual property?

Answer: patent (APEUni Website / App ASQ #565) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
125. What thing do postgraduate students have that undergraduate students don’t？
Answer: master degree (APEUni Website / App ASQ #563) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
126. What do people hold overhead when it is raining?

Answer: umbrella (APEUni Website / App ASQ #562) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
127. What is the process where the color becomes lighter and lighter when exposed to sunlight for a
long time?
Answer: fade (APEUni Website / App ASQ #559) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
128. How do you call some one with no hair?

Answer: bald (APEUni Website / App ASQ #558) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
129. What do we call counting people who are living in a state or country?
Answer: census (APEUni Website / App ASQ #555) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
130. What does a barometer measure?

Answer: air pressure (APEUni Website / App ASQ #554) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
131. What is the act of jumping into the water?

Answer: diving (APEUni Website / App ASQ #553) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
132. What is a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the
same language?
Answer: synonym (APEUni Website / App ASQ #364) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
133. What do we call the pen that receive its ink from its reservoir?
Answer: fountain pen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #552) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 205 of 542

134. Apart from coffee and hot chocolate, what beverages also contain caffeine?
Answer: tea / coke / cocoa (APEUni Website / App ASQ #547) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
135. What is the musical instrument which has both pedals and strings?
Answer: harp / piano (APEUni Website / App ASQ #546) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
136. Where can we find the page numbers of books?

Answer: footer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #545) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
137. Which part of our bodies do we use nasal spray in?

Answer: nose / nostril (APEUni Website / App ASQ #356) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
138. What do we call the sound when people clap their hands?
Answer: applause (APEUni Website / App ASQ #284) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
139. What do forks, spoons, and knives belong to?

Answer: cutlery / tableware (APEUni Website / App ASQ #544) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
140. What is the occupation that transfers one language to another language?
Answer: translator (APEUni Website / App ASQ #543) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
141. What do you throw underwater to keep ships staying on rivers or oceans without drifting away?
Answer: anchor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #542) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
142. How do you call the movements that the babies move by using hands and legs?
Answer: crawling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #541) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
143. Points: What do we call the behavior that people cannot sleep?
Answer: insomnia (APEUni Website / App ASQ #538) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
144. What is the opposite of division in mathematics?

Answer: multiplication (APEUni Website / App ASQ #320) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
145. What force makes humans stay on the earth?

Answer: gravity (APEUni Website / App ASQ #537) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
146. How often does a biennial convention take place?

Answer: every two years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #536) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
147. How do you describe an event that is held every two years?
Answer: biennial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #535) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
148. Which sense is related to your ears?

Answer: hearing (APEUni Website / App ASQ #534) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
149. What do you call the people who work for a company?
Answer: employees / employee (APEUni Website / App ASQ #533) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
150. What instrument would scientists use to examine very small life forms?
Answer: microscope (APEUni Website / App ASQ #532) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
151. What is the habitat of camels?
Page 206 of 542

Answer: desert (APEUni Website / App ASQ #531) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
152. What is the force that draws objects toward a planet's center?
Answer: gravity / gravitation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #530) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
153. How many sides are there in a pentagon?

Answer: five (APEUni Website / App ASQ #529) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
154. What do we call the person who plays musical instruments as a job?
Answer: musician (APEUni Website / App ASQ #527) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
155. Where do people go to watch plays?

Answer: theatre / theater (APEUni Website / App ASQ #526) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
156. What movement can babies do before they can sit and walk?
Answer: crawl / crawling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #525) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
157. What is the act of students to be present at school?

Answer: attendance (APEUni Website / App ASQ #524) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
158. What do we call the ship that runs underwater?

Answer: submarine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #521) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
159. What subject involves the study of the Periodic Table?

Answer: chemistry (APEUni Website / App ASQ #520) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
160. What is the magazine that is dedicated to academic news?

Answer: journal / academic journal (APEUni Website / App ASQ #519) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
161. What rises from the east in the morning and sets to the west in the evening everyday?
Answer: sun (APEUni Website / App ASQ #518) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
162. How many years are there in a bicentennial?

Answer: two hundred (APEUni Website / App ASQ #516) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
163. What is the device that shows the time of the day according to the shadow of sunlight?
Answer: sundial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #513) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
164. Tomorrow’s lecture has been cancelled. If today is Tuesday, then on which day is the lecture
cancelled?
Answer: wednesday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #512) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
165. What device is used to measure a 200-meter sprint?

Answer: stopwatch (APEUni Website / App ASQ #511) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
166. Who takes care of people who are sick and stay in hospital?
Answer: nurse (APEUni Website / App ASQ #510) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
167. What do we call dollars, cents, pounds and euros?

Answer: currency (APEUni Website / App ASQ #509) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
168. How do you call the doctor who treats sick animals?
Page 207 of 542

Answer: vet / veterinarian (APEUni Website / App ASQ #508) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
169. What do we call the legal document that states how people's property should be allocated after
their deaths?
Answer: testament / will (APEUni Website / App ASQ #505) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
170. How often does February have one extra day?

Answer: every four years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #504) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
171. What do we call stop, comma or ellipsis?

Answer: punctuation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #287) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
172. What do we call the extra performance that actors give?

Answer: encore (APEUni Website / App ASQ #383) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
173. What do you call the strap that circles a person in a car or an airplane?
Answer: seatbelt (APEUni Website / App ASQ #296) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
174. What do you call the government where the power is concentrated in the hands of one person?
Answer: autocracy (APEUni Website / App ASQ #503) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
175. What shines at night in the sky and uses its own brightness?
Answer: star (APEUni Website / App ASQ #501) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
176. What document would doctors give patients for them to buy medicines?
Answer: prescription (APEUni Website / App ASQ #499) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
177. When you have the PRIMARY, the SECONDARY, what do you have next?
Answer: tertiary (APEUni Website / App ASQ #497) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
178. What kind of educational institution does a ten-year old child study in?
Answer: primary school / elementary school (APEUni Website / App ASQ #496) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
179. What is the place you share bedroom with your classmates?
Answer: dormitory (APEUni Website / App ASQ #494) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
180. What do you need to submit for completing a degree in the university?
Answer: dissertation / thesis (APEUni Website / App ASQ #234) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
181. When a person’s blood alcohol level is higher than the standard range, what activity can’t the
person do?
Answer: driving (APEUni Website / App ASQ #490) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
182. How do we call the car that uses two types of fuels?
Answer: hybrid (APEUni Website / App ASQ #298) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
183. If there are 8 black balls and 1 white ball, and I randomly pick one, which color is mostly likely to
be picked?
Answer: black (APEUni Website / App ASQ #489) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
184. Where do people go for watching sports or games?
Page 208 of 542

Answer: stadium (APEUni Website / App ASQ #487) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
185. What material are windows made of?

Answer: glass (APEUni Website / App ASQ #486) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
186. What do birds use to fly?

Answer: wings (APEUni Website / App ASQ #485) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
187. What’s the color of the medal that a champion gets?

Answer: golden (APEUni Website / App ASQ #32) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
188. What is the music that is recorded for a movie or a film?

Answer: soundtrack (APEUni Website / App ASQ #483) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
189. What do we call the northernmost and southernmost parts of the earth?
Answer: pole / poles (APEUni Website / App ASQ #482) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
190. How do you call the siblings born by your mother at the same time?
Answer: twins (APEUni Website / App ASQ #291) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
191. If you want to read tragedies or comedies, what kind of book do you read?
Answer: fiction books / novels (APEUni Website / App ASQ #477) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
192. What do you use to test the body temperature?

Answer: thermometer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #474) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
193. How do we call that animals and plants preserved in the rocks?
Answer: fossil (APEUni Website / App ASQ #469) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
194. Which one is more widespread, Korean, Thai or Hindi?

Answer: hindi (APEUni Website / App ASQ #464) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
195. How do you describe the money that citizens must contribute to the government for public use?
Answer: tax / taxes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #452) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
196. How would you describe an animal that no longer exist on the earth?
Answer: extinct (APEUni Website / App ASQ #454) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
197. What is the collection of maps called?

Answer: atlas (APEUni Website / App ASQ #658) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
198. Where can you find index in the book?

Answer: at the end of the book (APEUni Website / App ASQ #653) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
199. What device do you use to measure your weight?

Answer: scale / weighing machine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #651) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
200. What are the people who study history and historical evidence?
Answer: historian (APEUni Website / App ASQ #649) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
201. When you get lost in city, what item do you need to buy to find out where you are and where you
go?
Page 209 of 542

Answer: map (APEUni Website / App ASQ #632) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
202. What is the force happened between the relative motion when objects are rubbed against each
other?
Answer: friction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #620) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
203. How many wheels does the tricycle have?

Answer: three (APEUni Website / App ASQ #468) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
204. What is the hardest/toughest part of your hand?

Answer: nails (APEUni Website / App ASQ #467) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
205. What kind of thing can play the role of protection that oranges and bananas all have?
Answer: peel (APEUni Website / App ASQ #466) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
206. What is the opposite of artificial?

Answer: natural (APEUni Website / App ASQ #465) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
207. What is H2O in chemical substances?

208. In mathematics and arithmetic, there are addition, multiplication, division. What's the other one?
Answer: subtraction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #462) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
209. What kind of shoes do you wear to keep it comfortable when hiking?
Answer: hiking boots / hiking shoes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #460) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
210. What do bees collect from flowers?

Answer: pollen / nectar (APEUni Website / App ASQ #458) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
211. Which literacy genre describes all details of a famous person's life?
Answer: biography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #457) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
212. What material is the tire made of?

Answer: rubber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #456) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
213. What is the hard object in the center of peaches, apples and pears?
Answer: core / stone (APEUni Website / App ASQ #662) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
214. What does human and animal skeleton consist of?

Answer: bone / bones (APEUni Website / App ASQ #660) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
215. What are the people who study ancient bones or plants in rocks?
Answer: paleontologists / paleontologist / archaeologists / archaeologist (APEUni Website / App ASQ
#646) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
216. How many eggs are there in a dozen?

Answer: twelve (APEUni Website / App ASQ #607) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
217. If you want to find the map of US, what type of book should you use?
Page 210 of 542

218. Which day is between Tuesday and Thursday?

Answer: wednesday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #444) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
219. Which color do we make by blending black and white?

Answer: grey (APEUni Website / App ASQ #441) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
220. What do we call the liquid which is in a car?

Answer: gasoline / petrol / gas (APEUni Website / App ASQ #312) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
221. What's the name of the company that produce books?

Answer: publisher / publishing house / press (APEUni Website / App ASQ #311) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
222. Which continent do China, India, Korea and Japan locate?

Answer: asia (APEUni Website / App ASQ #440) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
223. Before airplanes were invented, how did people travel from America to Europe?
Answer: by ship (APEUni Website / App ASQ #438) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
224. Who is a physician who performs operations?

Answer: surgeon (APEUni Website / App ASQ #437) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
225. In the word ‘postgraduate’, what does the ‘post’ mean?

Answer: after (APEUni Website / App ASQ #436) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
226. What natural resource is used by a carpenter?

Answer: wood / timber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #435) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
227. If you invented something, what can you apply for to prevent others copying your invention?
Answer: patent (APEUni Website / App ASQ #434) (Explanation) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
228. How do you describe the type of magazine that is published four times a year?
Answer: quarterly (APEUni Website / App ASQ #289) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
229. When something has increased by triple, how many times does it increase?
Answer: three times (APEUni Website / App ASQ #432) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
230. Who sits in the cockpit of an airplane?

Answer: pilot (APEUni Website / App ASQ #431) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
231. Which place has higher humidity, a desert or a rainforest?

Answer: rainforest (APEUni Website / App ASQ #391) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
232. What publication reports daily news?

Answer: newspaper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #429) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
233. What will snow become after it's melt?

234. Which part of your leg can make it possible to bend?

Answer: knee (APEUni Website / App ASQ #425) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 211 of 542

235. Oral English is different from academic English. Which is the best term to describe academic
English: tolerant or rigorous?
Answer: rigorous (APEUni Website / App ASQ #424) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
236. What is the opposite of convex?

Answer: concave (APEUni Website / App ASQ #422) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
237. What do we call the first paragraph of a report?

Answer: introduction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #418) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
238. What do we call a doctor who can sell prescribed medicines?

Answer: pharmacist / chemist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #415) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
239. What kind of drugs are used for killing bacteria?

Answer: antibiotics (APEUni Website / App ASQ #412) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
240. What category do the bee, the butterfly, and the mosquito fall into?
Answer: insect (APEUni Website / App ASQ #407) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
241. What is a thermometer used to measure?

Answer: temperature (APEUni Website / App ASQ #406) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
242. How many hemispheres does the equator divide earth into?
Answer: two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #404) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
243. What is the collection of pictures called?

Answer: album (APEUni Website / App ASQ #321) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
244. How many extra days in February in a leap year?

Answer: one (APEUni Website / App ASQ #282) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
245. In statistics, what is a circle divided into many parts called?

Answer: pie chart (APEUni Website / App ASQ #315) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
246. If one’s response is simultaneous, quick or slow?

Answer: quick (APEUni Website / App ASQ #146) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
247. How do you call a student that has finished his first year?
Answer: sophomore (APEUni Website / App ASQ #145) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
248. Which one is quicker? Running, jogging or walking?

Answer: running (APEUni Website / App ASQ #401) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
249. What does the sun do during dawn?

Answer: sunrise (APEUni Website / App ASQ #400) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
250. What do we call a festival which is held every four years gathering people together as a sporting
event?
Answer: the olympic games (APEUni Website / App ASQ #396) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
251. What stellar system do the planets, such as Saturn, Jupiter, belong to?
Answer: solar system (APEUni Website / App ASQ #395) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 212 of 542

252. What is the feature that guitars and violins have in common?
Answer: string / strings (APEUni Website / App ASQ #393) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
253. What is the line between countries?

Answer: boundary / border (APEUni Website / App ASQ #389) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
254. What do we call the person who can speak two languages?
Answer: bilingual (APEUni Website / App ASQ #388) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
255. What type of shape has four right corners, four lines that are equal in length?
Answer: square (APEUni Website / App ASQ #384) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
256. If a couple have a pair of children, how many children do they have?
Answer: two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #378) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
257. Which is easier to be recycled, plastic or paper?

Answer: paper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #377) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
258. What is the opposite word of "stale"?

Answer: fresh (APEUni Website / App ASQ #376) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
259. What do we call the "Times New Roman" in word？

Answer: typeface / font (APEUni Website / App ASQ #374) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
260. Which kind of mountain can erupt?

Answer: volcano / volcanos (APEUni Website / App ASQ #373) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
261. The instructions that tell you how to cook food?

Answer: recipe / recipes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #371) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
262. What is one half of 100% ?

Answer: fifty (APEUni Website / App ASQ #365) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
263. What is the opposite of positive?

Answer: negative (APEUni Website / App ASQ #362) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
264. What are the strings on shoes?

Answer: shoelace / shoelaces (APEUni Website / App ASQ #361) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
265. Which part at the end of book can be used for further reading? An index or a bibliography?
Answer: a bibliography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #354) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
266. What is the name of the student who has not completed his course?
Answer: undergraduate student (APEUni Website / App ASQ #350) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
267. A dozen is a grouping of which number?

Answer: twelve (APEUni Website / App ASQ #349) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
268. What material is used for most of vehicles and craft?

Answer: metal / plastic / glass (APEUni Website / App ASQ #348) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
269. In the library, which books we are not allowed to bring them out with ourselves?
Page 213 of 542

Answer: closed reserve book / closed reserve books (APEUni Website / App ASQ #347) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
270. What century are we now?

Answer: twenty first (APEUni Website / App ASQ #346) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
271. Inhalation of which tobacco substance or activity is dangerous?

Answer: nicotine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #345) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
272. What kind of dictionary provides synonyms, antonyms and related words?
Answer: thesaurus (APEUni Website / App ASQ #344) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
273. What is a standard set of letters that is used to write one or more languages based upon the
general principle?
Answer: alphabet (APEUni Website / App ASQ #343) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
274. In addition to the A, E, I, O, what is the other vowel?

Answer: u (APEUni Website / App ASQ #338) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
275. If you want to buy a ring, who do you approach, a jeweler or a pharmacist?
Answer: a jeweler (APEUni Website / App ASQ #337) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
276. What does a sundial measure?

Answer: time (APEUni Website / App ASQ #336) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
277. What is the opposite to “predecessor”?

Answer: successor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #335) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
278. What do we call the thread in the center of the candle?

Answer: wick (APEUni Website / App ASQ #332) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
279. What is the thing you touch when you play the guitar?
Answer: strings / string (APEUni Website / App ASQ #329) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
280. Which one is past tense: has gone, went or going?

Answer: went (APEUni Website / App ASQ #327) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
281. What do we call the animals with white ivory and long trunk?
Answer: elephant / elephants (APEUni Website / App ASQ #325) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
282. Which kind of book can we find Africa maps?

283. What do we call the things of 88 keys covered by color white and black?
Answer: pianos (APEUni Website / App ASQ #322) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
284. How many times a year is a quarterly journal published?

Answer: four (APEUni Website / App ASQ #306) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
285. What do we call the piece of paper that proves you have bought an item?
Answer: a receipt (APEUni Website / App ASQ #304) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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286. What is 3 quarters of 100%?

Answer: seventy five (APEUni Website / App ASQ #302) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
287. What is more fuel-efficient, car or truck?

Answer: car (APEUni Website / App ASQ #297) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
288. What do you call a piece of equipment we use to look at stars?

Answer: telescope / astronomical telescope (APEUni Website / App ASQ #295) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
289. What is the meeting point of sea and sky called?

Answer: horizon (APEUni Website / App ASQ #286) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
290. How many years are there in a decade?

Answer: ten years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #283) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
291. What kind of liquid do mammals feed their babies?

Answer: milk (APEUni Website / App ASQ #279) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
292. What is the antonym of vertical?

Answer: horizontal (APEUni Website / App ASQ #277) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
293. What is the economic sector that deals with farming?

Answer: agriculture (APEUni Website / App ASQ #273) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
294. Some calendars begin the week on Sunday, what is the other day which commonly starts a
week?
Answer: monday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #270) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
295. In a recession, does economic activity increase or slow down?

Answer: slow down (APEUni Website / App ASQ #265) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
296. In medical terms, are antibodies harmful or beneficial for patients?

Answer: beneficial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #264) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
297. What is the name of the field of study that studies the human mind and behavior?
Answer: psychology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #262) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
298. Which symbol is used to complete a sentence?

Answer: full stop / period (APEUni Website / App ASQ #261) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
299. Which of the following is not a means of transportation: by plane, by public transportation or car
model?
Answer: car model (APEUni Website / App ASQ #259) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
300. How many days are in a week?

Answer: seven days (APEUni Website / App ASQ #246) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
301. Where would you expect to find equipment like microscopes, a Bunsen burner, beaker and petri
dish?
Answer: laboratory (APEUni Website / App ASQ #243) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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302. In which direction does the sun come up?

Answer: east (APEUni Website / App ASQ #237) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
303. What key mineral makes sea water different from fresh water?
Answer: salt (APEUni Website / App ASQ #235) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
304. When the writer of the book is unknown, what word do we use for the writer?
Answer: anonymous (APEUni Website / App ASQ #223) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
305. What is the name of the instrument used to measure variations in temperature?
Answer: thermometer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #220) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
306. What is the joint called where your hand is connected to your arm?
Answer: wrist / wrists (APEUni Website / App ASQ #212) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
307. Which hospital department would you go for an X⼀ray⼀radiology or cardiology?

Answer: radiology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #209) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
308. What do you call a specialist who repairs leaking water pipes?
Answer: plumber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #204) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
309. What do we call a period of ten years?

Answer: decade (APEUni Website / App ASQ #203) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
310. What we call it when the moon completely blocks out the light from the sun?
Answer: a solar eclipse / an eclipse (APEUni Website / App ASQ #198) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
311. What do we call a period of 100 years?

Answer: century (APEUni Website / App ASQ #195) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
312. On what geographical location would someone be living if their country is surrounded by water on
all side?
Answer: island (APEUni Website / App ASQ #191) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
313. What is the study of stars and planet called?

Answer: astronomy / uranological / uranology / cosmology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #179)
314. What is the job of someone that looks after your teeth and gums?
Answer: dentist / surgeon dentist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #171) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
315. Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries?

Answer: baker (APEUni Website / App ASQ #157) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
316. What is the name of a building where you can borrow books?
Answer: library (APEUni Website / App ASQ #156) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
317. What kind of book is written by a person about their own life?
Answer: autobiography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #152) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
318. Whose job is it to treat people that are ill or have an injury at a hospital?
Answer: doctor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #150) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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319. What is the name of ground military forces?

Answer: army (APEUni Website / App ASQ #147) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
320. What do you call the very long essay that students have to write for a doctoral degree?
Answer: thesis / dissertation / paper / discourse (APEUni Website / App ASQ #141) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
321. Who would you consult to treat a fear of crowded places, a philosopher or a psychologist?
Answer: psychologist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #140) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
322. What does a king or queen wear on their head at official ceremonies?
Answer: a crown / a diadem (APEUni Website / App ASQ #138) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
323. How many days are in a leap year?

Answer: three hundred and sixty six (APEUni Website / App ASQ #136) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
324. What special document do most people traveling between one country and another need to
carry?
Answer: a passport (APEUni Website / App ASQ #130) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
325. What do we call the first meal of the day?

Answer: breakfast (APEUni Website / App ASQ #125) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
326. How many years does a millennium have?

Answer: one thousand (APEUni Website / App ASQ #122) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
327. Despite all the advances in equality between the sexes, would more men or women play
professional football?
Answer: more men (APEUni Website / App ASQ #120) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
328. If telescopes are used to locate distant objects, what instrument is employed to magnify
miniscule objects?
Answer: microscope / microscopes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #111) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
329. Where do people usually go to deposit money?

Answer: a bank (APEUni Website / App ASQ #106) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
330. What is the source of solar energy?

Answer: the sun (APEUni Website / App ASQ #102) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
331. What kind of equipment is used to protect motorbike riders' brains from injury？
Answer: helmet (APEUni Website / App ASQ #89) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
332. What can be added to a drink to cool it down on a hot day?

Answer: ice (APEUni Website / App ASQ #88) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
333. Which is the longest: a decade, a millennium or a century?

Answer: millennium (APEUni Website / App ASQ #77) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
334. If a figure is hexagonal, how many sides does it have?

Answer: six (APEUni Website / App ASQ #75) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 217 of 542

335. What is the name of ceremony in which two people get married?
Answer: wedding (APEUni Website / App ASQ #61) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
336. Which one word is used for a brother or sister?

Answer: sibling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #55) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
337. Where can people go to borrow books?

Answer: library / bibliotheca (APEUni Website / App ASQ #52) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
338. Which sweet food is produced by bees?

Answer: honey (APEUni Website / App ASQ #51) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
339. What do we call the study of living things?

Answer: biology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #43) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
340. What do we call a book that contains lists of words with their meanings?
Answer: dictionary (APEUni Website / App ASQ #42) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
341. What do we call the organs in our chest that we use to breathe?
Answer: lungs / lung (APEUni Website / App ASQ #41) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
342. If someone lives in an urban area, where do they live?

Answer: city / town (APEUni Website / App ASQ #35) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
343. If something such as fabric or medicine is artificially made, not natural, what do we say it is?
Answer: synthetic / artificial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #28) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
344. What do you call the alphabetical list at the end of a textbook that tells you where to find specific
information?
Answer: index / reference (APEUni Website / App ASQ #25) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
345. What is the word for a period of one hundred years?

Answer: century (APEUni Website / App ASQ #12) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
346. What is it that you wear on your wrist and that tells you time?
Answer: wrist watch / watch (APEUni Website / App ASQ #5) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
347. What is the quickest way to travel from Hong Kong to Paris?
Answer: plane / by plane / airplane (APEUni Website / App ASQ #3) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
Page 218 of 542

B. Writing
Summarize Written Text
Repeat Rate: 95%
1. Africa (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: African culture is widespread across Africa. This continent has many countries and people are
all working hard. It is a paradise for ..., but it still needs international aids.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #182)
2. Inequalities (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About inequalities against women, in education and scientific fields, particularly in the medical
field. For the achievements they make, they devote themselves.
3. New Women (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About New Women in British and North America, which was a concept brought forward by a
writer named Sarah, who wrote a book which triggered dispute between two kinds of commentators.
The book mainly talks about women's position in the middle class, including a few aspects, such as
finance, employment, marriage, etc.. The write advocated protecting women's position. Although the
idea did not go well, it was still commemorated as women's movement.
4. The Women Institute (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: It has been more than 100 years since The Women Institute was established, but gender
equality has not yet been achieved. Even with the equality law, the gender pay gap still exists and
women are still earning much less than men are. Women need to improve themselves, in areas
including…… So there is still a lot more that we need to do, such as STEM. And governments should
also take actions.
5. Legume (Prediction)
Original:
Gardeners can feed their families and enrich the soil by growing legumes, such as green beans,
soybeans, lentils and peas. Legume roots produce their own nitrogen, which is a major fertilizer
nutrient needed by all plants for growth. Nitrogen is produced in nodules that form on the roots of
legumes, which contain Rhizobium bacteria. The bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it into
a form the plants can use. When legumes are pulled up in the fall, excess nitrogen from the nodules is
left in the soil. The excess organic nitrogen can be used by other plants the following growing season.
It's considered organic nitrogen because it was produced naturally, making green beans or peas great
rotational crops in an organic crop production system. Organic growers prefer organic nitrogen
because of its natural origins and because it breaks down slowly in the soil, thus slowly feeding plants
throughout the growing season. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers tend to release nitrogen quickly and are
harsher on the environment. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are generally applied in split applications
during the season to mimic the slow release of organic nitrogen sources. Each specific legume
generally requires a specific type of Rhizobium bacteria to produce nodules on their roots. Gardeners
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who have never grown green beans before can purchase small bags of inoculum or bacteria from
most popular vegetable seed catalogs. Before planting beans, open the package and pour in the dust-
like bacteria among the seed. Shake the package and then plant. Nodules will form on the roots as
they develop. The bacteria will remain in the soil, making it unnecessary to inoculate the seed next
year. Do not apply extra nitrogen fertilizer to bean crops. Doing so makes bacteria in the nodules lazy,
encouraging them to stop producing their own nitrogen. Legumes that are particularly popular in the
home vegetable garden include lima beans, peas, edible soybeans, lentils and fava beans. In a recent
survey, 44 percent of gardeners trained through New Mexico State University's Master Gardener
Program said they grew green beans and other legumes in their home gardens. When planting, be sure
to purchase appropriate strains of Rhizobium bacteria for each type of legume.
6. UNV (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
If you are inspired to take concrete action for global peace and development, take a look at the United
Nations Volunteers (UNV) program. Every year, up to 8,000 qualified and experienced women and men
of some 160 different nationalities volunteer at least six months of their lives to help others. These UN
Volunteers work in some 130 countries promoting peace, responding to disasters, empowering
communities and helping to build sustainable livelihoods and lasting development. UN Volunteers come
from dozens of professional backgrounds but all of them are catalysts of positive change. They are
encouraged to be creative and entrepreneurial, and foster volunteerism for peace and development
both within and beyond their assignments. They work at the heart of communities in partnership with
governments, United Nations entities and civil society. Being a UN Volunteer is not a career (you are
currently limited to four years of service), but it is rich with opportunities and experience and offers
huge personal rewards. As a UN Volunteer you receive a Volunteer Living Allowance (VLA) which
covers basic needs, housing and utilities. Additionally, UNV will provide a settling-in-grant, life, health,
and permanent disability insurance, return airfares and a nominal resettlement allowance.
Answer:
United Nations Volunteers (UNV) program, which is rich with opportunities and offers huge personal
rewards fosters volunteerism for peace and development both within and beyond their assignments
and these volunteers in work in 130 countries promoting peace, responding to disasters, empowering
communities and helping to build sustainable livelihoods and lasting development; they also work at the
heart of communities in partnership with governments, United Nations entities and civil society, so
UNV program.
7. Assessment (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Assessment is a central process in education. If students learned what they were taught, we would
never need to assess; we could instead just keep records of what we had taught. But as every
teacher knows, many students do not learn what they are taught. Indeed, when we look at their work,
it is sometimes hard to believe that they were in the classroom. In fact, it is impossible to predict with
any certainty what students will learn as the result of a particular sequence of classroom activities.
And because we cannot teach well without finding out where our students are starting from, we have
to assess. Even if all our students started out at the same point (a highly unlikely situation!), each of
them will have reached different understandings of the material being studied within a very short
period of time. That is why assessment is the bridge between teaching and learning—it is only through
Page 220 of 542

assessment that we can find out whether what has happened in the classroom has produced the
learning we intended. Of course, assessment is also used for other purposes in education, which
makes the picture much more complicated. In all countries, assessments of the performance of
individual students are used to determine which students are, and which students are not, qualified for
subsequent phases of education, and also to decide which kinds of education students should receive.
Answer:
Assessment is a central process in education and a bridge between teaching and learning as many
students do not learn what they are taught because they have reached different understandings of
the material being studied, but assessment is also used for other purposes in education such as
assessments of the performance of students, and also to decide which kinds of education students
should receive.
8. Carbon Dioxide (Prediction)

Original:
Carbon dioxide, mostly produced by human activities, is the most significant one of greenhouse gases
and has caused the rise of the global temperature and the sea level, so businesses should take
responsibilities to tackle the problems inherited in the business models, and World Wildlife Fund
partners with companies should ensure the sustainability of the entire market.
9. Image of Africa (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The generalization of the negative image of Africa is unfair because African countries are rich
in natural resources and cultural diversity, and hardworking Africans are struggling to address issues of
poverty, disease and war, so Africa can be an attractive place for business development and cultural
tourism if concerted international support and assistance are provided.
10. Sustainable Development (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future (1987), defines sustainable development as "development
which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs'. Implicit in this definition is the idea that the old pattern of development could not be
sustained. Is this true? Development in the past was driven by growth and innovation. It led to new
technologies and huge improvements in living standards. To assume that we know what the
circumstances or needs of future generations will be is mistaken and inevitably leads to the debilitating
sense that we are living on borrowed time. Only if we assume that society will remain static can we
understand the needs of the future. The way we live today could not have been predicted twenty
years ago. The sustainability paradigm fails to recognize this. It is a static view and thus places limits
on human ingenuity. Similarly, a whole host of false assumptions dominate environmental thought; the
scale of problems is exaggerated, the amount of resources is underestimated and spurious links are
made between areas such as green policies and profit, poverty and environmental degradation. Those
of us who want a better future need to question these assumptions.
Answer:
Although the implicit of sustainable development is that the old pattern of development which was
driven by innovation and led to huge improvements could not be sustained, we assume that society
remains static and we can understand the needs of the future, which means that sustainability
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paradigm fails to recognize that the way we live today couldn’t be predicted and placed limits on
human ingenuity, so we need to question these assumptions.
11. Female Book Buyers (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: There was an increase in female customers to buy books in the bookstore in London in 1970s.
There was also another increase in female book purchasers who intentionally wanted to buy female-
authored books because females had higher income and more leisure time, as well as a growing
eagerness to engage in males-dominated political world.
12. Social Networks (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Ten years ago, Barsky and Purdon (2006) discovered that social networks which are expanding
communication through social media are becoming popular and the costs involved are getting further
reduced. Yet, library executives did not see how such a phenomenon could become a part of library
and information services. They felt that the users should be left to their social media while the library
carried on with its traditional roles (De Rosa et al., 2007). This was also the case when Charnigo and
Barnett-Ellis (2007) conducted a survey of 126 academic librarians and concluded that 54% of the
librarians surveyed did not believe that there was an academic purpose for Facebook. The rationale
behind these librarians’ belief was that the social media was a space where students interact with
each other, hence, the librarian was not welcome as their coming in might be viewed as an invasion of
space. But time has proved that as the technology of the social media became more popular, users
and librarians acquired digitally literacy, and libraries, seeing an explosion of social media around it,
were forced to reconsider their stance. In a survey involving 497 international librarians, Taylor &
Francis (2014) discovered that over 70% of librarians now feel that the use of social media is
important. Though the wave began with public libraries (Mon, 2015), today, libraries of every type
either have a social media presence or they are seriously considering it. Hence, the use of social
media by libraries has become mainstream.
Answer:
Library executives, who did not see how social networks could become a part of library and
information services and believe their coming in might be viewed as an invasion of space against
students, were forced to reconsider their stance, because time has proved with the technology of the
social media becoming more popular, users and librarians acquired digital literacy, and now the use of
social media by libraries has become mainstream.
13. Education Technology (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In 1953 B.F. Skinner visited his daughter’s maths class. The Harvard psychologist found every pupil
learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. A few days later he built his first
"teaching machine", which let children tackle questions at their own pace. By the mid-1960s similar
gizmos were being flogged by door-to-door salesmen. Within a few years, though, enthusiasm for
them had fizzled out. Since then education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and
flop, even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life. One reason is the conservatism
of teachers and their unions. But another is that the brain-stretching potential of edtech has remained
unproven. Today, however, Skinner’s heirs are forcing the sceptics to think again (see article). Backed
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by billionaire techies such as Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, schools around the world are using new
software to "personalize" learning. This could help hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal
classes—but only if edtech boosters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how
children learn. To succeed, edtech must be at the service of teaching, not the other way around. The
conventional model of schooling emerged in Prussia in the 18th century. Alternatives have so far failed
to teach as many children as efficiently. Classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized
curriculums and fixed timetables are still the norm for most of the world’s nearly 1.5bn schoolchildren.
Answer:
Despite education technology, which must be at the service of teaching, having repeated the cycle of
hype and flop, schools around the world are using new software to "personalize" learning, helping
hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal classes, but alternatives of the conventional model of
schooling failed to teach as many children as efficiently, with classrooms, hierarchical year-groups,
standardized curriculums and fixed timetables being still the norm for most of the world's
schoolchildren.
14. Complaints (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Humans love to complain to each other. It helps us feel less alone. Think about what happens when a
family member or friend is going through a tough time; they call up someone who will listen to their
tale of woe. Unfortunately, negative bonding is the default for many groups. In some families
complaining is the only way to get attention. When one person says, I had a bad day; the other person
has to top it. "You think you had a tough day, I had to do three TPS reports!" The same thing happens
at work and social settings. "Your child didn't sleep through the night until 6 months? Mine was a full
year old before she went over six hours." It's a race to the bottom, the worst situation wins. In Bitching
is Bonding, A Guide To Mutual Complaint, Irene S. Levine, Ph.D., a professor of psychiatry at the NYU
Langone School of Medicine says, "the reason these conversations feel good is because we feel
understood." People raised in negative environments learn early on, being positive gets you thrown out
of the club. When family dinner is a complaint fest, you’re not going to risk alienation saying, "Wow, I
had an awesome day, don't you just love life?" Translate this into a work setting, people, often
unconsciously, believe being positive keeps you out of the cool club. When negativity provides bonding,
humans are reluctant to abandon the behavior that brings them comfort.
Answer:
With complaining to each other helping us feel less alone and understood and in some families being
the only way to get attention, negative bonding is the default for many groups, and people believe
being positive keeps you out of the cool club and are reluctant to abandon the behavior that brings
them comfort.
15. The Internet (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
By 1984, the internet had grown to include 1,000 host computers. The National Science Foundation
was one of the first outside institutions hoping to connect to this body of information. Other
government, non-profit, and educational institutions followed. Initial attempts to catalogue this rapidly
expanding system of networks were simple. Among the first was Archie, a list of FTP information
created by Peter Deutsch at McGill University in Montreal. However, the greatest innovation in the
Internet was still to come, brewing in an MIT laboratory in Cambridge, Mass. The World Wide Web, or
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the Web, is often confused with the Internet. In fact, it is just one part of the Internet, along with
email, video conferencing, and streaming audio channels. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, now a scientist at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, introduced a new system of communication on the Internet
which used hyperlinks and a user-friendly graphical interface. His slice of the Internet pie camera to
be known as the World Wide Web. Berners- Lee says, “The Web is an abstract (imaginary) space of
information. On the Net, you find computers –on the Web, you find documents, sounds, videos, …
information. On the Net, the connections are cables between computers; on the web, connections are
hypertext links. The Web exists because of programs which communicate between computers on the
Net. The Web could not be without the Net. The Web made the Net useful because people are really
interested in information (not to mention knowledge and wisdom!) and don’t really want to know about
computers and cables.”
Answer:
The National Science Foundation with other government, non-profit, and educational institutions hope
to connect to the Internet, with initial attempts to catalogue including Archie, a list of FTP information
created by Peter Deutsch at McGill University in Montreal, The World Wide Web, or the Web, which is
an abstract space of information.
16. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Vitamin D refers to a group of fat--soluble secosteroids responsible for enhancing intestinal
absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. In humans, the most important
compounds in this group are vitamin D3 and vitamin D2. Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be
ingested from the diet and from supplements. Very few foods contain vitamin D; synthesis of vitamin D
(specifically cholecalciferol) in the skin is the major natural source of the vitamin. Dermal synthesis of
vitamin D from cholesterol is dependent on sun exposure Vitamin D from the diet or dermal synthesis
from sunlight is biologically inactive; activation requires enzymatic conversion (hydroxylation) in the
liver and kidney.Evidence indicates the synthesis of vitamin D from sun exposure is regulated by a
negative feedback loop that prevents toxicity, but because of uncertainty about the cancer risk from
sunlight, no recommendations are issued by the Institute of Medicine (US), for the amount of sun
exposure required to meet vitamin D requirements. Accordingly, the Dietary Reference Intake for
vitamin D assumes no synthesis occurs and all of a person's vitamin D is from food intake, although
that will rarely occur in practice. As vitamin D is synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals
exposed to sunlight[citation needed], it is not strictly a vitamin, and may be considered a hormone as
its synthesis and activity occur in different locations. Vitamin D has a significant role in calcium
homeostasis and metabolism. Its discovery was due to effort to find the dietary substance lacking in
rickets.
Answer:
Synthesis of vitamin D, a group of fat, in which the most important compounds are vitamin D3 and
vitamin D2, in the skin is the major natural source of the vitamin, with activation requiring enzymatic
conversion, but it is not strictly a vitamin and may be considered a hormone as its synthesis and
activity occur in different locations.
17. Importance of Soil (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
It's very easy to forget about what's in the ground beneath our feet and why it's so important to
Page 224 of 542

protect it. One tablespoon of soil contains more organisms than there are people on Earth; billions of
bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms combine with minerals, water, air and organic matter to
create a living system that supports plants and, in turn, all life. Healthy soil can store as much as
3,750 tons of water per hectare, reducing the risk of flooding, and the International Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) has said that 89% of all agricultural emissions could be mitigated if we improved the
health of our soil. Good soil management also increases disease resistance in livestock and ultimately
drives profits for farmers - yet soil and its impact on the health of our animals has, over recent
decades, been one of the most neglected links in UK agriculture. Over the last 50 years' agriculture
has become increasingly dependent on chemical fertilizers, with applications today around 10 times
higher than in the 1950s. Farmers often think the chemical fertilizer NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous and
potassium) provides all the nutrition a plant requires, but it also has a detrimental effect on the long-
term health of the land: research suggests there are fewer than 100 harvests left in many of the
world's soils.
Answer:
Soil, containing so many organisms, combine with minerals, water, air and organic matter to create a
living system for all life, which reduces the risk of flooding, mitigates agricultural emissions, increases
disease resistance in livestock and ultimately drives profits for farmers, but soil and its impact on the
health of our animals has been one of the most neglected links in UK agriculture because they use
fertilizers, which has a detrimental effect on the land.
18. Children's Online Safety (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
When Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web, he surely didn’t anticipate that children would
end up becoming some of its main users. Most start using the internet at the average age of three –
and as recent research shows, children now spend more time playing and socializing online than
watching television programs. Given this change in habits, it is not surprising that a recent House of
Lords report has raised online safety and behavior as an important issue. The report said that for
children, learning to survive in a world dominated by the internet should be as important as reading
and writing. The House of Lords Communications Committee also warned that children should not be
leaving school without “a well-rounded understanding of the digital world”. It also suggested that the
government should think about implementing new legal requirements and a code of conduct
companies would have to adhere to, which would help to bring the internet up to “child-friendly
standards”. Of course, trying to rectify this lack of child-centered design is not an easy task, but one
that requires the cooperation and goodwill of many sectors. It will need to involve consultation with
technology, education, legal and policy experts. And it would also be a good idea to make children and
young people part of the process.
Answer:
Children, for whom learning to survive in a world dominated by the internet should be as important as
reading and writing, now spend more time playing and socializing online than watching television
programs, and it also suggested that the government should think about implementing new legal
requirements and a code of conduct for companies, which would help to bring the internet up to
“child-friendly standards”, and requires the cooperation and goodwill of many sectors.
19. Solar Energy (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
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The advantages and disadvantages of solar power compared to other forms of renewable energy have
been greatly debated. While obviously superior to some forms of energy, solar power's high cost and
efficiency dependent on geography have limited its appeal. However, a large number of advantages
also merit further development and even possible adaptation for residences. Advantages of Solar
Power Solar energy remains popular because it is both a renewable and clean source of energy. These
advantages along with the hope that eventually nations can use solar power to decrease global
warming ensure its popularity. Renewable Solar energy is a true renewable resource. All areas of the
world have the ability to collect some amount of solar power and solar power is available for collection
each day. Clean Solar energy is non-polluting. It does not create greenhouse gases, such as oil-
based energy does, nor does it create waste that must be stored, such as nuclear energy. It is also far
more quiet to create and harness, drastically reducing the noise pollution required to convert energy to
a useful form. Residential size solar energy systems also have very little impact on the surrounding
environment, in contrast with other renewable energy sources such as wind and hydroelectric power.
Low Maintenance Solar panels have no moving parts and require very little maintenance beyond
regular cleaning. Without moving parts to break and replace, after the initial costs of installing the
panels, maintenance and repair costs are very reasonable.
Answer:
Despite great debate, solar energy, whose advantages merit further development and possible
adaptation for residences, remains popular because it is a true renewable resource which is available
for collection in all areas of the world each day and it is non-polluting, creating no greenhouse gases
or wast, reducing noise pollution and having very little impact on the surrounding environment, without
reasonable maintenance and repair costs.
20. Carbon-neutrality (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
You used to think that being green was a luxury for your company, but climate change has made you
realize that you can no longer ignore it. The buzz is about becoming carbon-neutral, but where do you
start? Consider your drivers. Do you want to become carbon-neutral for marketing reasons, for
financial reasons or to help save the planet? Simon Armitage of the Carbon Neutral Company believes:
"Your drivers will help you tailor your carbon-reduction program and determine key performance
indicators." This will help build a case for going carbon-neutral. First, measure your carbon footprint,
or get a specialist to do it for you. That primarily means taking account of your energy usage and
emissions caused through travel. Before you begin, think about whether you're collecting the right data
and whether it's readily accessible. When implementing any energy reduction measures, ensure you
engage with your staff. "It's much better if your people decide for themselves when it's sensible for
them to travel," says Armitage. You'll also need them to participate in switching off the lights and
other energy-saving measures. Set targets and show it's not a one-off exercise.
Answer:
Drivers will help companies tailor their carbon-reduction program and determine key performance
indicators to build a case for going carbon-neutral, for which companies not only need to measure
their carbon footprint, but also ensure that they engage with their staff when implementing any energy
reduction measures; companies will also need them to set targets and show it's not a one-off
exercise.
21. Positive Mindset (Prediction) (Explanation)
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Original:
Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set, performance on nearly every level –
productivity, creativity, engagement - improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood
driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success precedes happiness. “Once I get a
promotion, I'll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I'll feel great.” But because
success is a moving target – as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again, the happiness that
results from success is fleeting. In fact, it works the other way around: People who cultivate a positive
mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage” – every
business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role
as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and
success. And I'm not alone: In a meta-analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers Sonja
Lyubomirsky, Laura King, and Ed Diener found strong evidence of directional causality between life
satisfaction and successful business outcomes. Another common misconception is that our genetics,
our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors
have an impact. But one's general sense of well-being is surprisingly malleable. The habits you
cultivate, the way you interact with coworkers, how you think about stress – all these can be
managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.
Answer:
People who cultivate a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge, which is called
"happiness advantage”, supported by strong evidence of directional causality between life satisfaction
and successful business outcomes, and another common misconception is that our genetics, our
environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are, despite the fact that one's
general sense of well-being is surprisingly malleable.
22. Giant panda (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The worldwide population of wild giant pandas increased by 268 over the last decade according to a
new survey conducted by the government of China. The increase in population brings the total number
of wild giant pandas to 1864. The population increase represents 16.8% rise compared to the last
panda survey in 2003. Wild giant pandas, a global symbol of wildlife conservation, are found only in
China’s Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu provinces. According to the report, formally known as the Fourth
National Giant Panda Survey, the geographic range of pandas throughout China also increased. The
total area inhabited by wild giant pandas in China now equals 2,577,000 hectares, an expansion of
11.8% since 2003. "These results are a testament to the conservation achievements of the Chinese
government," said Xiaohai Liu, executive director of programs, WWF- China. "A lot of good work is
being done around wild giant panda conservation, and the government has done well to integrate
these efforts and partner with conversation organizations including WWF. The report, the fourth in a
series of decadal (10- year) surveys conducted by the State Forestry Administration of China, began
in 2011 with financial and technical support from WWF. Much of the success in increasing the panda
population comes as a result of conservation policies implemented by the Chinese government,
including the Natural Forest Protection Project and Grain for Green. The report found that 1,246 wild
giant pandas live within nature reserves, accounting for 66.8% of the total wild population, and the
habitat within nature reserves accounts for 53.8% of the total habitat area. There are currently 67
panda nature reserves in China, an increase of 27 since the last report.
Answer:
Wild giant pandas, a global symbol of wildlife conservation, are found only in some provinces of China,
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and both the population and the geographic range increased since 2003, resulting in a testament to
the conservation achievements with the Chinses government and conversation organizations including
WWF; the number of wild giant pandas and panda nature reserves increased due to conservation
policies implemented by the Chinese government.
23. Coffee (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Coffee is enjoyed by millions of people every day and the 'coffee experience' has become a staple of
our modern life and culture. While the current body of research related to the effects of coffee
consumption on human health has been contradictory, a study in the June issue of Comprehensive
Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, which is published by the Institute of Food Technologists
(IFT), found that the potential benefits of moderate coffee drinking outweigh the risks in adult
consumers for the majority of major health outcomes considered. Researchers at Ulster University
systematically reviewed 1,277 studies from 1970 to-date on coffee's effect on human health and
found the general scientific consensus is that regular, moderate coffee drinking (defined as 3-4 cups
per day) essentially has a neutral effect on health, or can be mildly beneficial. The authors noted
causality of risks and benefits cannot be established for either with the research currently available as
they are largely based on observational data. Further research is needed to quantify the risk-benefit
balance for coffee consumption, as well as identify which of coffee's many active ingredients, or
indeed the combination of such, that could be inducing these health benefits.
Answer:
The current body of research related to the effects of coffee consumption on human health found
that the potential benefits of moderate coffee drinking outweigh the risks in adult consumers for the
majority of major health outcomes considered, but further research is needed to quantify the risk-
benefit balance for coffee consumption, as well as identify which of coffee's many active ingredients,
or indeed the combination of such, that could induce these health benefits.
24. Twin studies (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Twin studies have been very useful in giving us information about whether our genes or our
environment makes us who we are. A surprising result is the way that genes influence our work. At a
basic level, our genes affect how we look and so they influence whether we can become a basketball
player or a supermodel, for example. However, there is evidence that genes influence our job choice in
much greater ways. Research shows that identical twins choose more similar jobs than non-identical
twins. In fact, identical twins who have grown up apart choose more similar jobs than non-identical
twins who have grown up together. Studies also show that identical twins suggests that our genes
affect both the satisfaction that comes from doing a job and satisfaction that comes from working
conditions such as a person's pay or their manager. So what does this mean? It means that from birth,
you are more likely to prefer one occupation to another and find certain jobs more satisfying than
others. However, genes are not the only factor. Other things in your life, such as family background
and education, will also be influential in your career choices.
Answer:
Twin studies reveal a surprising result that genes have a greater influence on our job choices than we
expected, which means people with similar genes are more likely to choose similar jobs and get
satisfaction at the same level.
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25. Skipping Breakfast（B） (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Skipping Breakfast Has Drawbacks - It's no mystery why so many people routinely skip breakfast: bad
timing. It comes at a time when folks can be more occupied with matters of grooming, attire and
otherwise making themselves presentable for a new day. However, studies conducted both in the
United States and internationally have shown that skipping breakfast can affect learning, memory and
physical well-being. Students who skip breakfast are not as efficient at selecting critical information
for problem-solving as their peers who have had breakfast. For school children, skipping breakfast
diminishes the ability to recall and use newly acquired information, verbal fluency, and control of
attention, according to Ernesto Pollitt, a UC Davis professor of pediatrics whose research focuses on
the influence of breakfast on mental and physical performance. Skipping breakfast can impair thinking
in adults, also. For both children and adults, a simple bowl of cereal with milk goes a long way toward
providing a sufficiently nutritious start to the day. Green-Burgeson recommends choosing a cereal
that's low in sugar — less than five grams per serving — and using nonfat or one percent milk.
Frederick Hirshburg, a pediatrician at UC Davis Medical Group, Carmichael, says that babies and other
preschoolers rarely skip breakfast because they're usually the hungriest at the beginning of the day.
Breakfast then becomes more of a "learned experience" than a response to a biological need,
Hirshburg says.
Answer:
Skipping breakfast has drawbacks for both children and adults, for whom a simple bowl of cereal milk
can provide a nutritious start to the day, but babies and other preschoolers rarely skip breakfast
because they are usually the hungriest at the beginning of the day, so breakfast then becomes more
of a "learned experience" than a response to a biological need.
26. Negotiation (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Negotiation is a common process in business to mainly solve business conflicts between both parties.
Compromise is a basic negotiation state in which both parties give up something that they want in
order to get something else they want more. Compromise usually occur in unfair parties when there is
a fixed pie to be divided up, and whatever on one side gets, the other side loses. In compromise
situations, neither side gets all of what they really want, but they each make concessions in order to
reach an agreement that is acceptable to both. Both parties usually can reach win-win concept
through compromise. However, negotiation cannot resolve all the conflict if one party is unwilling to
resolve the problem.
Answer:
In the process of negotiation, compromise is a basic negotiation state in which both parties give up
something and get something else in order to reach an agreement that is acceptable to both, but
negotiation cannot resolve all the conflict if one party is unwilling to resolve the problem.
27. Shipping Container (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The shipping container is one of the mainstays of international trade. The globalised modern economy
depends on the rapid and efficient movement of goods that containerisation allows. In many ways it
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was the advent of the container that allowed this globalised economy to develop. Invented during
World War two as an efficient method of moving equipment to the front lines, there are now at any
one time up to 15 million containers being used to transport goods on land and sea or waiting to be
filled at factories and ports. They are vital in the supply chain and have allowed the added efficiency
of "just in time" inventory management, where companies no longer keep large warehouses of stock
or parts, but rely on the ability to quickly order what they want from their suppliers. It is estimated that
since the 1980s the ratio of inventory to GDP in American business has fallen from 25% to 15%.
Altogether total business inventory in the US is estimated at $1.5 trillion, without "just in time"
management methods this might be as much as $2.5 trillion. This means that companies rely more
and more on the prompt delivery of parts from their suppliers to fulfill orders. This is particularly true of
industries such as computer manufacture, which no longer make all the parts of the products that
bear their names, but instead out source, often to suppliers half way around the world. American
computer manufacturers are, for example, increasingly dependent on Asian microchip manufacturers
in countries such as Taiwan and Thailand.
Answer:
The shipping container, invented during World War two for rapid and efficient movement of goods, is
one of the mainstays of international trade, which is vital in supply chain and has allowed the added
efficiency of “just in time” inventory management, so companies increasingly rely on the prompt
delivery of parts from their suppliers to fulfil orders.
28. World Wide Web (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Tim Berners-Lee believes the internet can foster human understanding and even world peace. He is
the man who has changed the world more than anyone else in the past hundred years. Sir Tim
Berners-Lee may be a mild-mannered academic who lives modestly in Boston, but as the inventor of
the world wide web he is also a revolutionary. Along with Galileo, William Caxton and Sir Isaac Newton,
he is a scientist who has altered the way people think as well as the way they live Since the web went
global 20 years ago, the way we shop, listen to music and communicate has been transformed. There
are implications for politics, literature, economics even terrorism because an individual can now have
the same access to information as the elite. Society will never be the same. The computer scientist
from Oxford, who built his own computer from a television screen and spare parts after he was
banned from one of the university computers, is a cultural guru as much as a technological one. It is
amazing how far we've come, he says. But you're always wondering what’s the next crazy idea, and
working to make sure the web stays one web and that the internet stays open. There isn't much time
to sit back and reflect. We speak for more than an hour about everything from Facebook to fatwas,
Wikipedia to Google. He invented the web, he says, because he was frustrated that he couldn't find all
the information he wanted in one place. It was an imaginary concept that he realized.
Answer:
Tim- Berners-Lee, the inventor of the world wide web, is a revolutionary scientist who has altered the
way people think as well as the way they live, believing the internet can foster human understanding
and even world peace, because an individual now have the same access to information as the elite;
there is not much time to sit back and reflect because society will never be the same.
29. Energy Demand (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: With the population growth, the demand for resources has been growing as well. There is an
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expected increase in demand for various alternative resources, raw materials, timber for paper using,
(…energy… materials…). The increase of demand also happen in the non-renewable resource field,
such as metal. The demand for petrol, diesel and crude oil is also huge to cope with the demand for
manufacturing plastics.People should ensure natural world can still work well to earn the future well-
being because the world population rises.
Answer:
There is an expected increase in demand for various alternative resources, but people should ensure
natural world can still work well to earn the future well-being because the world population rises.
30. Phoenician (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1) Phoenician is a type of alphabetical script. 2) Only 22 words from the sound and it is easy to
learn which didn‘t require long time or become a xxx-ist so unnecessary in schooling. 3) It can
transmit cultural information and … 4) People use this to do business and trade between east Asia,
Egypt and xxx?? 5) For example, …(some countries and regions)…
Answer:
As a type of alphabetical script, Phoenician is easy to learn and can transmit cultural information, and
people use this to do business and trade.
31. Benefit of Honey (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In order to have a competitive edge, athletes often use drugs with high athletic performance. The
National Honey Board recently found that honey has the same functions but less negative impact. This
clinical trial is the third in a series of studies focusing on the use of honey by athletes. The first study
(involving 71 subjects) determined that honey has a milder effect on blood sugar than other popular
forms of carbohydrate gel. The second study in the series (with 39 weight trained subjects)
investigated the combination of honey with a protein supplement and suggested that honey speeds
muscle recovery after a workout.
Answer:
Honey, with the same functions as drugs used by athletes for high athletic performance and less
negative impact, has a milder effect on blood sugar than other popular forms of carbohydrate gel, and
speeds muscle recovery after a workout.
32. Pre-service teachers (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1) Each course has a specific syllabus that highlights specific technologies required. 2) Some
teachers know how to integrate technologies while some others don’t. 3) There will be instructors
helping pre-service teachers learn how to integrate technology and experiences in class, and to
encourage pre-service teachers to think about the integration, which always allows them to learn
online anytime.
Answer:
While each course has a specific syllabus to highlight specific technologies required, some teachers
know how to integrate technologies while some others don’t, but there will be instructors helping pre-
service teachers learn how to integrate technology and experiences in class, which allows them to
learn online anytime.
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33. School Bullying (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Spurred by the sense that disorderly behaviour among students in South Euclid was increasing, the
school resource officer (SRO) reviewed data regarding referrals to the principal's office. He found that
the high school reported thousands of referrals a year for bullying and that the junior high school had
recently experienced a 30 percent increase in bullying referrals. Police data showed that juvenile
complaints about disturbances, bullying, and assaults after school hours had increased 90 percent in
the past 10 years. The SRO worked in close collaboration with a social worker and the university
researcher. They coordinated a Response Planning Team comprising many stakeholders that was
intended to respond to each of the areas identified in the initial analysis. Environmental changes
included modifying the school schedule and increasing teacher supervision of hotspots. Counsellors
and social workers conducted teacher training courses in conflict resolution and bullying prevention.
Parent education included mailings with information about bullying, an explanation of the new school
policy, and a discussion about what could be done at home to address the problems. Finally, student
education included classroom discussions between homeroom teachers and students, as well as
assemblies conducted by the SRO. The SRO also opened a substation next to a primary hotspot. The
Ohio Department of Education contributed by opening a new training centre to provide a non-
traditional setting for specialized help. The results from the various responses were dramatic. School
suspensions decreased 40 percent. Bullying incidents dropped 60 percent in the hallways and 80
percent in the gym area. Follow-up surveys indicated that there were positive attitudinal changes
among students about bullying and that more students felt confident that teachers would take action
when a problem arose. Teachers indicated that training sessions were helpful and that they were more
likely to talk about bullying as a serious issue. Parents responded positively, asking for more
information about the problem in future mailings. The overall results suggest that the school
environments were not only safer; but that early intervention was helping at-risk students succeed in
school (South Euclid (Ohio) Police Department, 2001).
Answer:
The anti-bullying program of South Euclid, spurred by the sense of increasing disorderly behavior
among students, was very successful because of the SRO worked closely with social worker and
university researcher in four primary areas of concern, including the environmental design of the
school, teacher knowledge of and response to the problem, parental attitudes and responses, and
student perspectives behaviors, which were pointed out by conducted bullying crime incidents.
34. Early Adopters (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Disabled people were among the early adopters of personal computers. They were quick to appreciate
that word processing programs and printers gave them freedom from dependence on others to read
and write for them. Some of these disabled early adopters became very knowledgeable about what
could be achieved and used their knowledge to become independent students at a high level. They
also gained the confidence to ask that providers of education make adjustments so that disabled
students could make better use of course software and the web, rather than just word processing. For
some disability groups, information in electronic format (whether computer-based or web-based) can
be more accessible than printed information. For example, people who have limited mobility or limited
manual skills can find it difficult to obtain or hold printed material; visually impaired people can find it
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difficult or impossible to read print, but both these groups can be enabled to use a computer and,
therefore, access the information electronically. Online communication can enable disabled students
to communicate with their peers on an equal basis. For example, a deaf student or a student with
Asperger’s syndrome may find it difficult to interact in a face-to-face tutorial, but may have less
difficulty interacting when using a text conferencing system in which everyone types and reads text. In
addition, people’s disabilities are not necessarily visible in online communication systems; so disabled
people do not have to declare their disability and are not perceived as being different.
Answer:
Disabled people were among the early adopters of personal computers, for some of which, information
in electronic format can be more accessible than printed information, and online communication can
enable disabled students to communicate with their peers on an equal basis, so people’s disabilities
are not necessarily visible in online communication systems and disabled people do not have to
declare their disability and are not perceived as being different.
35. Silent Movies (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The 1920's movie goers experience was largely dominated by silent movies but saw the introduction of
synchronized sound. In the 1920's movie stars were really stars - with huge salaries, the fashions and
activities of the Hollywood greats echoed around the world and 100,000 people would gather in cities
all over the world, including such diverse cities as London and Moscow, to greet Mary Pickford and
Douglas Fairbanks when they toured of Europe. Early silent movies were often accompanied by live
piano or organ music and provided enormous entertainment value to audiences captivated by the
experience of watching moving pictures on the silver screen. Although there had been previous
attempts to introduce sound, it wasn’t until 1923 that a synchronized sound track was photographically
recorded and printed on to the side of the strip of motion picture film and made it on to a
commercially distributed movie. It would still be seven long years before talking pictures gained total
supremacy and finally replaced the silent film era. The first movie theatres were called Nickelodeons,
and were very basic compared the luxurious picture palaces that followed but what an aura of
excitement, of laughter, fun and tears surrounded them! Before the introduction of movie soundtracks,
movies were often accompanied by scripted music from a piano.
Answer:
With early silent movies often accompanied by live piano or organ music and audiences captivated by
the experience of watching moving pictures on the silver screen, and it wasn't until 1923 that a
synchronized sound track was photographically recorded and printed on to the side of the strip of
motion picture film and made it on to a commercially distributed movie, and the first movie theatres
were called Nickelodeons.
36. Asda (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Asda has become the first food retailer in the country to measure how much customers can save by
cutting back on food waste, thanks to a Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) with the University of
Leeds. The idea behind the KTP was for the University, using Asda’s customer insight data, to apply
its research to identify, investigate and implement ways of helping customers to reduce their food
waste. This was one of the first times that a major retailer had tried to deliver large-scale
sustainability changes, with the two year project seen as a way for Asda to position themselves as
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true innovators in this area. The campaign focused on providing customers with advice on everything
from food storage and labelling, to creative recipes for leftovers. Meanwhile, in-store events
encouraged customers to make changes in their own they will make changes to how they deal with
food waste in their own homes, leading to an average saving of 57 pounds per customer, as well as a
reduction in waste. A key aspect of a KTP is that an associate is employed by the University to work
in the firm and help deliver the desired outcomes of the KTP. As a part of the collaboration with Asda,
Laura Babbs was given the task of driving forward the sustainability changes in the retailer. As a result
of the success of her work, Laura eventually became a permanent member of the team at Asda.
Answer:
Asda has become the first food retailer in the country to measure how much customers can save by
cutting back on food waste, with a campaign focusing on providing customers with advice on
everything from food storage and labelling, to creative recipes for leftovers, and with in-store events
encouraging customers to make changes in their own, and an associate is employed by the University
to work in the firm.
37. Future of Manufacturing (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Manufacturing is no longer simply about making physical products. Changes in consumer demand, the
nature of products, the economics of production, and the economics of the supply chain have led to a
fundamental shift in the way companies do business. Customers demand personalization and
customization as the line between consumer and creator continues to blur. Added sensors and
connectivity turn "dumb" products into "smart" ones, while products increasingly become platforms—
and even move into the realm of services. As technology continues to advance exponentially, barriers
to entry, commercialization, and learning are eroding. New market entrants with access to new tools
can operate at much smaller scale, enabling them to create offerings once the sole province of major
incumbents. While large-scale production will always dominate some segments of the value chain,
innovative manufacturing models—distributed small-scale local manufacturing, loosely coupled
manufacturing ecosystems, and agile manufacturing—are arising to take advantage of these new
opportunities. Meanwhile, the boundary separating product makers from product sellers is increasingly
permeable. Manufacturers are feeling the pressure—and gaining the ability—to increase both speed to
market and customer engagement. And numerous factors are leading manufacturers to build to order
rather than building to stock. In this environment, intermediaries that create value by holding inventory
are becoming less and less necessary. Together, these shifts have made it more difficult to create
value in traditional ways. At the same time, as products become less objects of value in their own right
and more the means for accessing information and experiences, creating and capturing value has
moved from delivering physical objects to enabling that access.
Answer:
Customers demand personalization and customization with products increasingly becoming platforms
and the boundary separating product makers from product sellers is increasingly permeable with
manufacturers feeling the pressure to increase both speed to market and customer engagement and
numerous factors leading manufacturers to build to order rather than building to stock, where
intermediaries that create value by holding inventory are becoming less and less necessary.
38. Reading (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
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It might seem a little eccentric, but reviewing your work by reading it aloud can help to identify the
woolliest areas. This works best if you perform your reading in a theatrical way, pausing at the
commas and ends of sentences. If you run out of breath during a sentence, it is probably too long.
You ought to be able to convert your writing into a speech in this way if it sounds too stilted and
convoluted, perhaps you could rework these parts until they sound fluid. It is unlikely that your reader
will be fooled by the idea that long words make you sound clever. Cluttering a sentence with too many
complicated words can prevent its meaning from being understood at all. A short word is always
preferable to a long one. Why should anyone choose the word erroneous over the word wrong in an
essay? Usually, writers who employ more obscure words are trying to sound impressive but can appear
pretentious. Direct words enable you to control what you are saying, and are not necessarily babyish,
but the most appropriate ones for the job. When you read your writing aloud, you will notice that the
key stress comes at the end of your sentence. It is, therefore, most effective to end with a short and
emphatic word to secure your point. Try to resist the impulse to waffle at the end of your sentence by
trailing off into qualifying clauses. It might be worth relocating the clause to the beginning of the
sentence or losing it altogether if you feel that it adds little to its meaning. Your sentences might be
the most grammatically perfect in the world, but still, cause your writing to sound wrong if you have
misjudged its tone. A colloquial style, which uses slang and exclamations, is an inappropriately chatty
tone for an essay. However, style can be equally jarring if your vocabulary is too formal or ambitious
for its context. It is much more impressive to make complicated points using simple language and
grammar.
Answer:
Reviewing your work by reading it aloud can help to identify the woolliest areas, including cluttering a
sentence with too many complicated words, which can prevent its meaning from being understood
because direct words enable you to control what you are saying, and your sentences might be the
most grammatically perfect while a colloquial style is an inappropriate tone for an essay and style can
be jarring if your vocabulary is too formal or ambitious.
39. Raw Honey (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
According to Dr. Ron Fessenden, M.D., M.P.H. the average American consumes more than 150 pounds
of refined sugar, plus an additional 62 pounds of high fructose corn syrup every year. In comparison,
we consume only around 1.3 pounds of honey per year on average in the U.S. According to new
research, if you can switch out your intake of refined sugar and use pure raw honey instead, the
health benefits can be enormous. What is raw honey? Its a pure, unfiltered and unpasteurized
sweetener made by bees from the nectar of flowers. Most of the honey consumed today is processed
honey that's been heated and filtered since it was gathered from the hive. Unlike processed honey,
raw honey does not get robbed of its incredible nutritional value and health powers. It can help with
everything from low energy to sleep problems to seasonal allergies. Switching to raw honey may even
help weight-loss efforts when compared to diets containing sugar or high fructose corn syrup. I'm
excited to tell you more about one of my all-time favorite natural sweeteners today.
Answer:
According to new research, if you can switch out your intake of defined sugar and use pure raw honey
instead, the health benefits can be enormous, and unlike processesd honey, raw honey is a pure,
unfiltered, and unpasteurized sweetener made by bees and does not get robbed of its incredible
nutritional value and health power, which can help with low energy, sleep problems, seasonal allergies,
and even weight-loss.
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40. Written Language (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The world engages in improving literacy of reading and writing, but it is not that important now. What
are text/written language anyway? It's an ancient IT for storing and retrieving information. We store
information by writing it, and we retrieve it by reading it. Six thousand to 10,000 years ago, many of
our ancestors' hunter -- gatherer societies settled on the land and began what's known as the
agricultural revolution. That new land settlement led to private property and increased production and
trade of goods, generating a huge new influx of information. Unable to keep all this information in their
memories, our ancestors created systems of written records that evolved over millennia into today's
written language. But this ancient IT is already becoming obsolete. Text has run its historic course and
is now rapidly getting replaced in every area of our lives by the ever – increasing array of emerging
ITs driven by voice, video, and body movement rather than the written word. In my view, this is a
positive step forward in the evolution of human technology, and it carries great potential for a total
positive redesign of education.
Answer:
Although written language, which is an ancient IT for storing and retrieving information has engaged in
improving literacy of reading and writing, it is already becoming obsolete, which indicates a positive
step in the evolution of human technology and it carries great potential for a total positive redesign of
education.
41. Writing system (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The origins of writing are largely unclear. Writing systems were created independently all over the
world. The earliest we know of were developed in the Middle East around 5,000 years ago. But other
scripts were invented in India, Egypt, China and Central America. It has been suggested that some of
these systems may have influenced others, but this has not been proved. These forms of writing look
completely different, follow different rules and are often read in completely different ways. But they all
perform the same basic function. They are all a visual means of recording language. Knowledge of
some early scripts invented in certain regions was picked up by peoples living in surrounding areas.
They would then adopt and adapt them to their own needs and language. Chinese, for example, was
adopted in Japan and Korea, though it had to be altered to apply to the languages spoken there.
Methods of recording information have varied over time and place. Not all sophisticated societies have
developed writing systems and not all methods of recording information require writing. The Inca
empire of South America was at its height in the sixteenth century AD and held power over a huge
area that stretched from modern Equador and Peru, to areas of Bolivia and Chile. It was a complex
civilisation, but did not develop a writing system.
Answer:
While writing systems were created independently all over the world, some of these systems may have
influenced others and they all perform the same basic function as being a visual means of recording
language, as knowledge of some early scripts was picked up and adopted by people in surrounding
areas to meet their own needs and language, although not all sophisticated societies have developed
writing systems, such as the Inca empire of South America.
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42. Wright brothers Version #2 (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
After the 1905 flying season, the Wrights contacted the United States War Department, as well as
governments and individuals in England, France, Germany, and Russia, offering to sell a flying
machine. They were turned down time and time again -- government bureaucrats thought they were
crackpots; others thought that if two bicycle mechanics could build a successful airplane, they could
do it themselves. But the Wright persisted, and in late 1907, the U.S. Army Signal Corps asked for an
aircraft. Just a few months later, in early 1908, a French syndicate of businessmen agreed to purchase
another. Both the U.S. Army and the French asked for an airplane capable of carrying a passenger.
The Wright brothers hastily adapted their 1905 Flyer with two seats and a more powerful engine. They
tested these modifications in secret, back at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina for the first time in several
years. Then the brothers parted temporarily -- Wilbur to France and Orville to Virginia. In 1908 and
1909, Wilbur demonstrated Wright aircraft in Europe, and Orville flew in Fort Meyer, Virginia. The flights
went well until Orville lost a propeller and crashed, breaking his leg and killing his passenger Lt.
Thomas Selfridge. While Orville recuperated, Wilbur kept flying in France, breaking record after record.
Orville and his sister Kate eventually joined Wilbur in France, and the three returned home to Dayton
to an elaborate homecoming celebration. Together, Orville and Wilbur returned to Fort Meyer with a
new Military Flyer and completed the U.S. Army trials. A few months later, Wilbur flew before over a
million spectators in New York Harbor -- his first public flight in his native land. All of these flights
stunned and captivated the world. The Wright Brothers became the first great celebrities of the
twentieth century.
Answer:
Although the Wrights were turned down time and time again to sell a flying machine because
government bureaucrats thought they were crackpots, they persisted before the U.S. Army Signal
Corps asked for an aircraft, and they hastily adapted their 1905 Flyer with two seats and a more
powerful engine, demonstrating Wright aircraft, which makes the Wright Brothers became the first
great celebrities of the twentieth century.
43. Wright brothers (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Orville and Wilbur Wright were brothers living in Dayton, Ohio. The two had started making bicycles
during the 1890s and had a successful small business selling their Wright Specials for $18 each ($475
in today’s green). This experience with building light, strong machines would prove valuable in the
coming years after the brothers' interest turned to flight. Others in the United States were also
developing aircraft at the time the Wright brothers started turning their curiosity skyward. Samuel
Langley had flown an unmanned steam-powered aircraft in 1896. Octave Chanute and others were
flying gliders near Chicago late in the decade as well. But it wasn’t until the Wright brothers started
working on the matter that the “flying problem” would finally be solved. Beginning in 1899, the brothers
designed and built a series of gliders to test their various ideas on a flying machine. They constructed
a wind tunnel that allowed them to test designs without having to build a full-size model. They even
built their own gasoline-powered motor for their aircraft.
Answer:
Despite others in the United States developing aircraft at the time, it wasn’t until the Wright brothers,
with experience of building light, strong machines, started working on the matter that the “flying
problem” would finally be solved, and the brothers designed and built a series of gliders to test their
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various ideas on a flying machine with constructing a wind tunnel that allowed them to test designs
without having to build a full-size model.
44. Wine Industry (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In 1920, the eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution created yet another setback for
the American wine industry. The National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act, prohibited
the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, delivery, or possession of intoxicating liquors for
beverage purposes. Prohibition, which continued for thirteen years, nearly destroyed what had become
a thriving and national industry. One of the loopholes in the Volstead Act allowed for the manufacture
and sale of sacramental wine, medicinal wines for sale by pharmacists with a doctor’s prescription,
and medicinal wine tonics (fortified wines) sold without prescription. Perhaps more important,
prohibition allowed anyone to produce up to two hundred gallons yearly of fruit juice or cider. The fruit
juice, which was sometimes made into concentrate, was ideal for making wine. People would buy
grape concentrate from California and have it shipped to the East Coast. The top of the container was
stamped in big bold letters: caution: do not add sugar or yeast or else fermentation will take place!
Some of this yield found its way to bootleggers throughout America who did just that. But not for long,
because the government stepped in and banned the sale of grape juice, preventing illegal wine
production. Vineyards stopped being planted, and the American wine industry came to a halt.
Answer:
While the National Prohibition Act prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation,
delivery, or possession of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes, Americans still found a loophole
that they could make wine from fruit juice or cider, but this was banned by the government eventually,
with the American wine industry coming to a halt.
45. Vividity of TV and Newspaper (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
To understand the final reason why the news marketplace of ideas dominated by television is so
different from the one that emerged in the world dominated by the printing press, it is important to
distinguish the quality of vividness experienced by television viewers from the “vividness” experienced
by readers. I believe that the vividness experienced in the reading of words is automatically modulated
by the constant activation of the reasoning centers of the brain that are used in the process of
concreating the representation of reality the author has intended. By contrast, the visceral vividness
portrayed on television has the capacity to trigger instinctual responses similar to those triggered by
reality itself—and without being modulated by logic, reason, and reflective thought. The simulation of
reality accomplished in the television medium is so astonishingly vivid and compelling compared with
the representations of reality conveyed by printed words that it signifies much more than an
incremental change in the way people consume information. Books also convey compelling and vivid
representations of reality, of course. But the reader actively participates in the conjuring of the reality
the book’s author is attempting to depict. Moreover, the parts of the human brain that are central to
the reasoning process are continually activated by the very act of reading printed words: Words are
composed of abstract symbols—letters—that have no intrinsic meaning themselves until they are
strung together into recognizable sequences. Television, by contrast, presents to its viewers a much
more fully formed representation of reality—without requiring the creative collaboration that words
have always demanded.
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Answer:
The news marketplace of ideas dominated by television is so different from the one that emerged in
the world dominated by the printing press, because the quality of vividness experienced by television
viewers is different from that by readers, and the simulation of reality accomplished in the television
medium is much more compelling and vivid compared with the representation of reality conveyed by
printed words.
46. Twins (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
UCLA neurology professor Paul Thompson and his colleagues scanned the brains of 23 sets of
identical twins and 23 sets of fraternal twins. Since identical twins share the same genes while
fraternal twins share about half their genes, the researchers were able to compare each group to
show that myelin integrity was determined genetically in many parts of the brain that are key for
intelligence. These include the parietal lobes, which are responsible for spatial reasoning, visual
processing and logic, and the corpus callosum, which pulls together information from both sides of the
body. The researchers used a faster version of a type of scanner called a HARDI (high-angular
resolution diffusion imaging) — think of an MRI machine on steroids — that takes scans of the brain at
a much higher resolution than a standard MRI. While an MRI scan shows the volume of different
tissues in the brain by measuring the amount of water present, HARDI tracks how water diffuses
through the brain's white matter — a way to measure the quality of its myelin. "HARDI measures water
diffusion," said Thompson, who is also a member of the UCLA Laboratory of Neuro-Imaging. "If the
water diffuses rapidly in a specific direction, it tells us that the brain has very fast connections. If it
diffuses more broadly, that's an indication of slower signaling, and lower intelligence."
Answer:
The researchers scanned the brains of 23 sets of identical twins and 23 sets of fraternal twins, with a
conclusion that myelin integrity was determined genetically in many parts of the brain that are key for
intelligence, and the researchers used a faster version of a type of scanner called a HARDI, which
tracks how water diffuses through the brain's white matter.
47. Tree Rings (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Here’s how tree ring dating, known to scientists as dendrochronology, works. If you cut a tree down
today, it’s straightforward to count the rings inwards, starting from the tree’s outside. Hence the
sequence of the rings in a tree cross-section is like a message in Morse code formerly used for
sending telegraph messages; dot-dot-dash-dot-dash in the Morse code, wide-wide-narrow-wide-
narrow in the tree ring sequence. Actually, the tree-ring sequence is even more diagnostic and richer
in information than the Morse code, because trees actually contain rings spanning much different
width, rather than the Morse code choice between dot and dash. Tree ring specialists(known as
dendrochronologists) proceed by noting the sequence of wider and narrower rings in a tree cut down
in a known recent year, and also noting the sequences in beams from trees cut down at various times
in the past. In that way, dendrochronologists have constructed tree ring records extending back for
thousands of years in some parts of the world. A bonus of dendrochronology is that the width and
substructure of each ring reflect the amount of rain and the season at which the rain fell during that
particular year. Thus, tree ring studies also allow one to reconstruct the past climate.
Answer:
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While tree ring dating is straightforward to count the rings inwards, a bonus of dendrochronology is
that the width and the substructure of each ring reflect the amount of rain and the season at which
the rain fell during that particular year to reconstruct the past climate, which suggests that the tree-
ring sequence is even more diagnostic and richer in information because trees actually contain rings
spanning much different width.
48. The History of the Khoikhoi (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In around 2300 BP (Before Present), hunter gatherers called the San acquired domestic stock in what
is now modern day Botswana. Their population grew, and spread throughout the Western half of South
Africa. They were the first pastoralists in southern Africa, and called themselves Khoikhoi (or Khoe),
which means 'men of men' or 'the real people'. This name was chosen to show pride in their past and
culture. The Khoikhoi brought a new way of life to South Africa and to the San, who were hunter
gatherers as opposed to herders. This led to misunderstandings and subsequent conflict between the
two groups. The Khoikhoi were the first native people to come into contact with the Dutch settlers in
the mid-17th century. As the Dutch took over land for farms, the Khoikhoi were dispossessed,
exterminated, or enslaved and therefore their numbers dwindled. The Khoikhoi were called the
‘Hottentots’ by European settlers because the sound of their language was so different from any
European language, and they could not pronounce many of the words and sounds.
Answer:
In around 2300 BP (Before Present), hunter gatherers, called the San, acquired domestic stock, who
were the first pastoralists in southern Africa, and the Khoikhoi, who brought a new way of life to South
Africa and to the San, and were called the ‘Hottentots’ by European settlers, were the first native
people to come into contact with the Dutch settlers in the mid-17th century.
49. Technology Prediction (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
As far as prediction is concerned, remember that the chairman of IBM predicted in the fifties that the
world would need a maximum of around half a dozen computers, that the British Department for
Education seemed to think in the eighties that we would all need to be able to code in BASIC and that
in the nineties Microsoft failed to foresee the rapid growth of the Internet. Who could have predicted
that one major effect of the automobile would be to bankrupt small shops across the nation? Could
the early developers of the telephone have foreseen its development as a medium for person to
person communication, rather than as a form of broadcasting medium? We all, including the 'experts',
seem to be peculiarly inept at predicting the likely development of our technologies, even as far as the
next year. We can, of course, try to extrapolate from experience of previous technologies, as I do
below by comparing the technology of the Internet with the development of other information and
communication technologies and by examining the earlier development of radio and print. But how
justified I might be in doing so remains an open question. You might conceivably find the history of the
British and French videotext systems, Prestel and Minitel, instructive. However, I am not entirely
convinced that they are very relevant, nor do I know where you can find information about them
online, so, rather than take up space here, I've briefly described them in a separate article.
Answer:
We all, seem to be peculiarly inept at predicting the likely development of our technologies, like the
world needing a maximum of around half a dozen computers in the fifties, our inability to code in
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BASIC in the eighties, and Microsoft's failure to foresee the rapid growth of the Internet, by trying to
extrapolate from the experience of previous technologies, with how justified we might be in doing so
remaining an open question.
50. Songbird (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Males do the singing and females do the listening. This has been the established, even cherished view
of courtship in birds, but now some ornithologists are changing tune. László Garamszegi of the
University of Antwerp, Belgium, and colleagues studied the literature on 233 European songbird
species. Of the 109 for which information on females was available, they found evidence for singing in
101 species. In only eight species could the team conclude that females did not sing. Females that
sing have been overlooked, the team say, because their songs are quiet, they are mistaken for males
from their similar plumage or they live in less well studied areas such as the tropics. Garamszegi
blames Charles Darwin for the oversight. “He emphasised the importance of male sexual display, and
this is what everyone has been looking at.” The findings go beyond modern species. After carefully
tracing back an evolutionary family tree for their songbirds, Garamszegi’s team discovered that, in at
least two bird families, singing evolved in females first. They suggest these ancient females may have
been using their songs to deter other females from their territories, to coordinate breeding activities
with males, or possibly to attract mates. “It leaves us with a perplexing question.”
Answer:
Now some ornithologists are changing tune on the previous belief that males do the singing and
females do the listening, with females that sing having been overlooked, because in at least two bird
families, singing evolved in females first, who may have been using their songs to deter other females
from their territories.
51. Primary Carers (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Slightly less than one in five carers (19%) were primary carers (475,000 people). That is, they were the
main carer of a person who was limited in carrying out the core everyday activities of mobility,
communication or self-care. Both primary carers and the larger group of other carers (close to 2
million) contribute to the wellbeing of older people and people with disabilities. However, because they
care for people who otherwise would have difficulty carrying out basic everyday activities, there is
particular interest in primary carers: in the contribution they make, their wellbeing, labour force
experiences, motivations and the support they receive in caring. Primary carers were more likely than
other carers to be assisting someone who lived in the same household (81% compared with 76%). As
with caring as a whole, the likelihood of being a primary carer increased with age to peak at age 55-
64 years, where one in twenty people were primary carers. However, rather than then declining, the
likelihood of being a primary carer remained at around this level among the older age groups.
Consequently, primary carers had a somewhat older age profile than other carers. The median age of
primary carers was 52 years, compared with 47 years for other carers. Primary carers were more likely
than other carers to be female (71% compared with 50%) and less likely to be in the labour force
(39% compared with 60%). Women not in the labour force were by far the largest single group among
primary carers (44%). In contrast, men employed full-time were the largest single group among other
carers (25%). Consistent with their lower labour force participation, primary carers had lower personal
incomes than other carers (a median gross income of $237 per week compared with $327 per week)
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and were more likely to have a government pension or allowance as their main source of income (55%
compared with 35%).
Answer:
While primary carers, the main carer of a person who would otherwise have difficulty carrying out
basic everyday activities, have a somehow older age profile, they are more likely to be a female who is
not in the labour force, and they have lower personal incomes than other carers.
52. Plug-in Vehicle (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Here's a term you're going to hear much more often: plug-in vehicle, and the acronym PEV. It's what
you and many other people will drive to work in ten years and more from now. At that time, before you
drive off in the morning you will first unplug your car - your plugin vehicle. Its big on board batteries
will have been fully charged overnight, with enough power for you to drive 50-100 kilometers through
city traffic. When you arrive at work you'll plug in your car once again, this time into a socket that
allows power to flow from your car's batteries to the electricity grid. One of the things you did when
you bought your car was to sign a contract with your favorite electricity supplier, allowing them to
draw a limited amount of power from your car's batteries should they need to, perhaps because of a
blackout, or very high wholesale spot power prices. The price you get for the power the distributor
buys from your car would not only be most attractive to you, it would be a good deal for them too,
their alternative being very expensive power form peaking stations. If, driving home or for some other
reason your batteries looked like running flat, a relatively small, but quiet and efficient engine running
on petrol, diesel or compressed natural gas, even bio-fuel, would automatically cut in, driving a
generator that supplied the batteries so you could complete your journey. Concerns over 'peak oil',
increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood that by the middle of this century there could
be five times as many motor vehicles registered worldwide as there are now, mean that the world's
almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels for transport is, in every sense of the word,
unsustainable.
Answer:
While people can charge their plug-in vehicles overnight before driving, they can plug vehicles into
sockets allowing the power to flow from your car's batteries to the electricity grid, and an engine
driving a generator will supply alternative power, which means more people will drive plug-in vehicles in
the future because the world’s almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels for transport is
unsustainable.
53. Plants Research (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Plants serve as the conduit of energy into the biosphere, provide food and materials used by humans,
and they shape our environment. According to Ehrhardt and Frommer, the three major challenges
facing humanity in our time are food, energy, and environmental degradation. All three are plant
related. All of our food is produced by plants, either directly or indirectly via animals that eat them.
Plants are a source of energy production. And they are intimately involved in climate change and a
major factor in a variety of environmental concerns, including agricultural expansion and its impact on
habitat destruction and waterway pollution. What’s more, none of these issues are independent of
each other. Climate change places additional stresses on the food supply and on various habitats. So,
plant research is instrumental in addressing all of these problems and moving into the future. For plant
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research to move significantly forward, Ehrhardt and Former say technological development is critical,
both to test existing hypotheses and to gain new information and generate fresh hypotheses. If we are
to make headway in understanding how these essential organisms function and build the foundation
for a sustainable future, then we need to apply the most advanced technologies available to the study
of plant life, they say.
Answer:
The three major challenges facing humanity in our time are food, all of which is produced by plants as
a source of energy production, energy, a source of whose production plants are, and environmental
degradation, and they are intimately involved in climate change and a major factor in a variety of
environmental concerns, with none independent of each other, so plant research is instrumental in
addressing all of these problems and moving into the future.】
54. Children Watching TV (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Why and to what extent should parents control their children’s TV watching? There is certainly nothing
inherently wrong with TV. The problem is how much television a child watches and what effect it has
on his life. Research has shown that as the child watches and what effect it has on his life. Research
has shown that as the amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the amount of time devoted not
only to homework and study but other important aspects of life such as social development and
physical activities decreases. Television is bound to have it tremendous impact on a child, both in
terms of how many hours a week he watches TV and of what he sees. When a parent is concerned
about the effects of television, he should consider a number of things: what TV offers the child in
terms of information and knowledge, how many hours a week a youngster his age should watch
television, the impact of violence and sex, and the influence of commercials. What about the family as
a whole? Is the TV set a central piece of furniture in your home! Is it flicked on the moment someone
enters the empty house? Is it on during the daytime? Is it part of the background notice of your family
life? Do you demonstrate by your own viewing that television should be watched selectively?
Answer:
Parents not only concern how long their children watch TV but also what they see because television
has its tremendous impact on children; when the amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the
amount of time devoted not only to homework and study but other important aspects of life
decreases, which suggests that family should consider television as a whole.
55. Paleolithic People (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The ways of life Upper Paleolithic people are known through the remains of meals scattered around
their hearths, together with many tools and weapons and the debris left over from their making. The
people were hunter-gathers who lived exclusively from what they could find in nature without
practicing either agriculture or herding. They hunted the bigger herbivores, while berries, leaves, roots,
wild fruit and mushrooms probably played a major role in their diet. Their hunting was indiscriminate;
perhaps because so many animals were about they did not need to spare pregnant females or the
young. In the cave of Enlene, for example, many bones of reindeer and bison fetuses were found.
Apparently, upper Paleolithic people hunted like other predators and killed the weakest prey first. They
did, however, sometimes concentrate on salmon suns and migrating herds of reindeer. Contrary to
popular beliefs about cave man, upper Paleolithic people did not live deep inside caves. They rather
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close the foot of cliffs, especially when an overhang provided good shelter. On the plains and in the
valleys, they used tents made from hides of the animals they killed. At time, on the great Russian
plains, they built huts with huge boned and tusks collected from skeletons of mammals. Men hunted
mostly with spears, the bow and arrow were probably not invented until the Magdalenian period that
came at the end of the Upper Paleolithic. Tools and weapons, made out of wood or reindeer antlers,
often had flint cutting edges. Flint snappers were skillful and traditions in flint snapping were
purchased for thousands of years. This continuity means that they must have been carefully thought
how to find good flint modules and how to snap them in order to make knives, buries (chisel-like tools)
or scrapers, which could be used for various purposes.
Answer:
While Upper Paleolithic people were hunter-gathers who lived exclusively from what they could find in
nature without practicing either agriculture or herding, they did not live deep inside caves but rather
close to the foot of cliffs, and tools and weapons often had flint cutting edges, which suggests their
living ways are known through the remains of meals scattered around their hearths, with many tools
and weapons and the debris left over from their making.
56. Overqualified Employees (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience—a near certainty in this weak
labor market—you should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers’ MO: Don’t
reject those applicants out of hand. Instead, take a closer look. New research shows that overqualified
workers tend to perform better than other employees, and they don’t quit any sooner. Furthermore, a
simple managerial tactic—empowerment—can mitigate any dissatisfaction they may feel. The
prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive. Companies tend to prefer an applicant who is a
“perfect fit” over someone who brings more intelligence, education, or experience than needed. On
the surface, this bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that employees who consider
themselves overqualified exhibit higher levels of discontent. For example, over-qualification correlated
well with job dissatisfaction in a 2008 study of 156 call-center reps by Israeli researchers Saul Fine
and Baruch Nevo. And unlike discrimination based on age or gender, declining to hire overqualified
workers is perfectly legal. But even before the economic downturn, a surplus of overqualified
candidates was a global problem, particularly in developing economies, where rising education levels
are giving workers more skills than are needed to supply the growing service sectors. If managers can
get beyond the conventional wisdom, the growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity.
Berrin Erdogan and Talya N. Bauer of Portland State University in Oregon found that overqualified
workers’ feelings of dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in decision making. At
stores where employees didn’t feel empowered, “overeducated” workers expressed greater
dissatisfaction than their colleagues did and were more likely to state an intention to quit. But that
difference vanished where self-reported autonomy was high.
Answer:
Prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive as employees who consider themselves
overqualified exhibit higher levels of discontent and declining to hire overqualified workers is perfectly
legal, but the growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity for managers because
overqualified workers tend to perform better than other employees, and empowerment can mitigate
any dissatisfaction they may feel.
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57. Online Teaching & Learning (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
What makes teaching online unique is that it uses the internet, especially the World Wide Web, as the
primary means of communication. Thus, when you teach online, you don’t have to be someplace to
teach. You don’t have to lug your briefcase full of paper or your laptop to a classroom, stand at a
lectern, scribble on a chalkboard (or even use your high-tech, interactive classroom “smart”
whiteboard), or grade papers in a stuffy room while your students take a test. You don’t even have to
sit in your office waiting for students to show up for conferences. You can hold “office hours” on
weekends or at night after dinner. You can do all this while living in a small town in Wyoming or a big
city like Bangkok, even if you are working for a college whose administrative office is located in Florida
or Dubai. You can attend an important conference in Hawaii on the same day you teach your class in
New Jersey, logging on from your laptop via the local café’s wireless hotspot or your hotel room’s
high-speed network. Or you may simply pull out your smartphone to quickly check on the latest
postings, email, or text messages from students. Online learning offers more freedom for students as
well. They can search for courses using the Web, scouring their institution or even the world for
programs, classes, and instructors that fit their needs. Having found an appropriate course, they can
enroll and register, shop for their books, read articles, listen to lectures, submit their homework
assignments, confer with their instructors, and receive their final grades-all online.
Answer:
Because teaching online uses the internet as the primary means of communication, teachers don’t
have to be someplace to teach and they can hold “office hours” on weekends or at night after dinner;
online learning offers more freedom for students as they can search for courses using the Web,
scouring their institution or even the world for programs, classes, and instructors that fit their needs.
58. Office Environment (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The notion that office space has a role in promoting or inhibiting performance is backed up by solid
research. A recent study conducted by Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital
showed that improvements to the physical surroundings of workers impacted on productivity not just
because the working environment was more attractive, but because the changes made employees feel
cared for. A Swedish research paper revealed a strong link between the type of office an employee
worked in and their overall job satisfaction and health. Various findings have emerged as a result of
studies such as this. Pot plants and greenery can apparently have a real impact on psychological well-
being. Those who work in a private room tend to be in better health than workers based in open-plan
offices. Sufficient light can reduce sickness among workers and increase productivity, and an
attractive office can make workers feel more cared for and therefore more loyal to their company.
Most of these points make good rational sense. But some companies aren’t content simply to increase
the health , productivity and contentment of their employees. Pioneers such as Google, Walt Disney
and Dyson have tried to create offices that will do everything from promoting collaboration between
workers to stimulating their creative juices. “Environment, both physical and cultural, can make or
break creativity.” says Kursty Groves, author of I Wish I Worked There! A look inside the most creative
spaces in business. Stimulating spaces expose the mind to a variety of stimuli - planned or random -
In order to encourage people to think differently. Reflective spaces promote the filtering of information
into the brain slowing it to make connections. An environment which encourages a team to build trust
and to play freely is an essential ingredient for innovation.
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Answer:
While the notion that office space has a role in promoting or inhibiting performance is backed up by
solid research, including, improvements to the physical surroundings of workers impacted on
productivity, some companies aren’t content simply to increase the health, productivity and
contentment of their employees because some have tried to create offices that will do everything from
promoting collaboration between workers to stimulating their creative juices.
59. Nobel Peace Prize (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
This year’s Nobel Peace Prize justly rewards the thousands of scientists of the United Nations Climate
Change Panel (the IPCC). These scientists are engaged in excellent, painstaking work that establishes
exactly what the world should expect from climate change. The other award winner, former US Vice
President Al Gore, has spent much more time telling us what to fear. While the IPCC’s estimates and
conclusions are grounded in careful study, Gore doesn’t seem to be similarly restrained. Gore told the
world in his Academy Award winning movie (recently labelled “one sided” and containing “scientific
errors” by a British judge) to expect 20-foot sea level rises over this century. He ignores the findings
of his Nobel co-winners, the IPCC, who conclude that sea levels will rise between only a half foot and
two feet over this century, with their best expectation being about one foot. That’s similar to what the
world experienced over the past 150 years. Likewise, Gore agonizes over the accelerated melting of
ice in Greenland and what it means for the planet, but overlooks the IPCC’s conclusion that, if
sustained, the current rate of melting would add just three inches to the sea level rise by the end of
the century. Gore also takes no notice of research showing that Greenland’s temperatures were higher
in 1941 than they are today. The politician turned movie maker loses sleep over a predicted rise in heat
related deaths. There’s another side of the story that’s inconvenient to mention: rising temperatures
will reduce the number of cold spells, which are a much bigger killer than heat. The best study shows
that by 2050, heat will claim 400,000 more lives, but 1.8 million fewer will die because of cold. Indeed,
according to the first complete survey of the economic effects of climate change for the world, global
warming will actually save lives.
Answer:
While the Nobel Peace Prize winner IPCC’s estimates and conclusions about climate change are
grounded in careful study, the other award winner Al Gore believes that 20-foot sea level rises over
this century and the current rate of melting would add just three inches to the sea level rise by the
end of the century, but according to a survey, global warming will actually save lives.
60. Museology (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
What is museology? A simple definition might be that it is the study of museums, their history and
underlying philosophy, the various ways in which they have, in the course of time, been established
and developed, their avowed or unspoken aims and policies, their educative or political or social role.
More broadly conceived, such a study might also embrace the bewildering variety of audiences —
visitors, scholars, art lovers, children -at whom the efforts of museum staff are supposedly directed,
as well as related topics such as the legal duties and responsibilities placed upon (or incurred by)
museums, perhaps even some thought as to their future. Seen in this light, museology might appear at
first sight a subject so specialized as to concern only museum professionals, who by virtue of their
occupation are more or less obliged to take an interest in it. In reality, since museums are almost, if
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not quite as old as civilization itself, and since the plethora of present-day museums embraces
virtually every field of human endeavor - not just art, or craft, or science, but entertainment,
agriculture, rural life, childhood, fisheries, antiquities, automobiles: the list is endless - it is a field of
enquiry so broad as to be a matter of concern to almost everybody.
Answer:
Museology, a study of museums, their history and underlying philosophy, not only embraces the
bewildering variety of audiences and different topics but also specializes as to concern museum
professionals, and it is a field of enquiry so broad as to be a matter of concern to almost everybody
since it embraces every field of human endeavor.
61. Back to Countryside (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
I knew it was a good idea because I had been there before. Born and reared on a farm I had been
seduced for a few years by the idea of being a big shot that lived and worked in a city rather than only
going for the day to wave at the buses. True, I was familiar with some of the minor disadvantages of
country living such as an iffy private water supply sometimes infiltrated by a range of flora and fauna
(including, on one memorable occasion, a dead lamb), the absence of central heating in farm houses
and cottages, and a single track farm road easily blocked by snow, broken down machinery or
escaped livestock. But there were many advantages as I told my wife back in the mid Seventies. Town
born and bred, eight months pregnant and exchanging a warm, substantial Corstorphine terrace for a
windswept farm cottage on a much lower income, persuading her that country had it over town might
have been difficult.
Answer:
While living in the country had some minor disadvantages including an iffy water supply and the
absence of central heating, the author still thought it was a good idea to move back because he had
been there before and had been seduced for a few years, but persuading my wife back to the country
might be hard because she wouldn’t exchange a warm terrace for a windswept farm cottage on a
much lower income.
62. Mini War/Small War (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In such an environment, warfare is no longer purely directed against the military potential of
adversarial states. It is rather directed at infiltrating all areas of their societies and to threaten their
existences. The comparatively easy access to weapons of mass destruction, in particular relatively and
low-cost biological agents, is of key concern. Both governmental and non-governmental actors prefer
to use force in a way that can be characterized as “unconventional” or also as “small wars.” War
waged according to conventions is an interstate phenomenon. The “small war” is the archetype of
war, in which the protagonists acknowledge no rules and permanently try to violate what conventions
do exist. The protagonists of the “small war” observe neither international standards nor arms control
agreements. They make use of territories where they do not have to fear any sanctions because there
is no functioning state to assume charge of such sanctions or because the state in question is too
weak to impose such sanctions. This type of war does not provide for any warning time. It challenges
not only the external security of the nation states and international community, but also their internal
safety.
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Answer:
Since warfare is directed at infiltrating all areas of society, the easy access to weapons of mass
destruction is of key concern, but both governmental and non-governmental actors prefer to use
“small wars” in which the protagonists acknowledge no rules and observe neither international
standards nor arms control agreements by making use of territories with no sanctions, which
challenges both the external security and the internal safety of the nation states and the international
community.
63. Malaysia Tourism (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Malaysia is one of the most pleasant, hassle-free countries to visit in Southeast Asia. Aside from its
gleaming 21st century glass towers, it boasts some of the most superb beaches, mountains and
national parks in the region. Malaysia is also launching its biggest-ever tourism campaign in effort to
lure 20 million visitors here this year. Any tourist itinerary would have to begin in the capital, Kuala
Lumpur, where you will find the Petronas Twin Towers, which once comprised the world tallest
buildings and now hold the title of second-tallest. Both the 88-story towers soar 1,480 feet high and
are connected by a sky-bridge on the 41st floor. The limestone temple Batu Caves, located 9 miles
north of the city, have a 328-foot-high ceiling and feature ornate Hindu shrines, including a 141-foot-
tall gold-painted statue of a Hindu deity. To reach the caves, visitors have to climb a steep flight of
272 steps. In Sabah state on Borneo island not to be confused with Indonesias Borneo you'll find the
small mushroom-shaped Sipadan island, off the coast of Sabah, rated as one of the top five diving
sites in the world. Sipadan is the only oceanic island in Malaysia, rising from a 2,300-foot abyss in the
Celebes Sea. You can also climb Mount Kinabalu, the tallest peak in Southeast Asia, visit the Sepilok
Orang Utan Sanctuary, go white-water rafting and catch a glimpse of the bizarre Proboscis monkey, a
primate found only in Borneo with a huge pendulous nose, a characteristic pot belly and strange
honking sounds. While you're in Malaysia, consider a trip to Malacca. In its heyday, this southern state
was a powerful Malay sultanate and a booming trading port in the region. Facing the Straits of
Malacca, this historical state is now a place of intriguing Chinese streets, antique shops, old temples
and reminders of European colonial powers. Another interesting destination is Penang, known as the
Pearl of the Orient. This island off the northwest coast of Malaysia boasts of a rich Chinese cultural
heritage, good food and beautiful beaches.
Answer:
While Malaysia is one of the most pleasant countries to visit in Southeast Asia, it is also launching its
biggest-ever tourism campaign to lure more visitors this year, and people can visit lots of places, such
as the Petronas Twin Tower in Kuala Lumper, the limestone temple Batu Caves, the Sipadan island in
Sabah, the Mount Kinabalu as well as Malacca.
64. House Mice (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
According to new research, house mice (Mus musculus) are ideal biomarkers of human settlement as
they tend to stow away in crates or on ships that end up going where people go. Using mice as a
proxy for human movement can add to what is already known through archaeological data and answer
important questions in areas where there is a lack of artifacts, Searle said. Where people go, so do
mice, often stowing away in carts of hay or on ships. Despite a natural range of just 100 meters (109
yards) and an evolutionary base near Pakistan, the house mouse has managed to colonize every
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continent, which makes it a useful tool for researchers like Searle. Previous research conducted by
Searle at the University of York supported the theory that Australian mice originated in the British Isles
and probably came over with convicts shipped there to colonize the continent in the late 18th and 19th
centuries. In the Viking study, he and his fellow researchers in Iceland, Denmark and Sweden took it a
step further, using ancient mouse DNA collected from archaeological sites dating from the 10th to 12th
centuries, as well as modern mice. He is hoping to do just that in his next project, which involves
tracking the migration of mice and other species, including plants, across the Indian Ocean, from
South Asia to East Africa.
Answer:
House mice can be used as ideal biomarkers of human settlement to add to what is already known
through archaeological data and answer important questions where there is a lack of artifacts, which
has been supported by the research conducted by Searle of Australian mice and the DNA matching of
ancient mouse and modern mouse in the Viking study.
65. Hookham (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
THE BOOKSELLERS OF HOOKHAM AND CARPENTER (hereafter referred to only as Hookham) were
located on New Bond Street in London, and their records span the most politically turbulent decade of
the eighteenth-centurythe 1790's. Clients who frequented Hookham were primarily from the
aristocratic or gentry classes. In fact, of Hookhams total buyers, 22% were aristocracy, and 35% of
the aristocracy purchased novels. We can also confidently assume that untitled female customers
were of gentry income because their addresses were primarily in London's fashionable West End.
Hookhams ledgers not only reveal a dramatic increase in the proportion of female purchasers of
novels by comparison to earlier studies of provincial women, but they also reveal a remarkable
increase in the proportion of female purchases of novels authored by females. Such a marked
increase illustrates that Hookhams leisured female customers were able to buy more novels.
Furthermore, the fact that these female aristocrats and gentry have accounts under their own name,
not their husbands, demonstrates the greater degree of agency and independence that these urban,
moneyed women had relative to provincial women. However, because our study does not include an
examination of male customers, we are very limited in what claims we can make about whether or not
these women behaved according to the clich that women were the predominant consumers of novels
in the eighteenth-century. Moreover, while more disposable income and leisure time certainly
accounts for the significant increase in female purchases of novels authored by women in the 1790s,
this increase also strongly suggests a desire on the part of women readers to engage in this politically
charged decade. Thus, novel-reading provided women readers with the means through which they
were able to participate in the male-dominated world of politics. The latter part of our paper will more
fully explore this hypothesis in the context of certain recent literary scholars claims that both Gothic
and sentimental novels are actively engaged in political debate and discussion.
Answer:
According to the Hookham's found, there is a dramatic increase in the proportion of female
purchasers of novels and purchases of novels authored by females, and also, these female aristocrats
and gentry have accounts under their own names, and more disposal income and leisure time certainly
account for the significant increase, thus more female were able to participate in the male-dominated
world of politics.
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66. Greenhouse Gases (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
When an individual drives a car, heats a house, or uses an aerosol hair spray, greenhouse gases are
produced. In economic terms, this creates a classic negative externality. Most of the cost (in this
case, those arising from global warming) are borne by individuals other than the one making the
decision about how many miles to drive or how much hair spray to use. Because the driver (or sprayer)
enjoys all the benefits of the activities but suffers only part of the cost, that individual engages in
more than the economically efficient amount of the activity. In this sense, the problem of greenhouse
gases parallels the problem that occurs when someone smokes a cigarette in an enclosed space or
litters the countryside with fast-food wrappers. If we are to get individuals to reduce production of
greenhouse gases to the efficient rate, we must somehow induce them to act as though they bear all
the costs of their actions. The two most widely accepted means of doing this are government
regulation and taxation, both of which have been proposed to deal with greenhouse gases.
Answer:
While an individual’s behaviours produced greenhouse gases, he enjoys all the benefits but suffers
only part of the costs, so we must induce individuals to act as though they bear all the costs of their
actions if we want individuals to reduce production of greenhouse gases to the efficient rate, and the
two most widely accepted means to deal with greenhouse gases are government regulations and
taxation.
67. Grass & Cow (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass is one of nature’s underappreciated
wonders; it also happens to be the key to understanding just about everything about modern meat. For
the grasses, which have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants, the cow maintains and
expands their habitat by preventing trees and shrubs from gaining a foothold and hogging the sunlight;
the animal also spreads grass seed, plants it with his hooves, and then fertilizes it with his manure. In
exchange for these services the grasses offer ruminants a plentiful and exclusive supply of lunch. For
cows (like sheep, bison, and other ruminants) have evolved the special ability to convert grass – which
single-stomached creatures like us can’t digest – into high-quality protein. They can do this because
they possess what is surely the most highly evolved digestive organ in nature: the rumen. About the
size of a medicine ball, the organ is essentially a forty-five-gallon fermentation tank in which a
resident population of bacteria dines on grass.
Answer:
While the grasses have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants because the cow not only
maintains and expands their habitat, but also spreads, plants and fertilizes grass seeds, cows have
evolved the special ability to convert grass into high-quality protein because they possess the most
highly evolved digestive organ of rumen in which a resident population of bacteria dines on grass,
which is the co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass.
68. Geothermal Energy (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
What is the solution for nations with increasing energy demands, hindered by frequent power cuts and
an inability to compete in the international oil market? For East Africa at least, experts think
geothermal energy is the answer. More promising still, the Kenyan government and international
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investors seem to be listening. This is just in time according to many, as claims of an acute energy
crisis are afoot due to high oil prices, population spikes and droughts. Geothermal energy works by
pumping water into bedrock, where it is heated and returns to the surface as steam which is used
directly as a heat source or to drive electricity production. Source: Energy Information Administration,
Geothermal Energy in the Western United States and Hawaii. Currently over 60% of Kenya’s power
comes from hydroelectric sources but these are proving increasingly unreliable as the issue of
seasonal variation is intensified by erratic rain patterns. Alternative energy sources are needed; and
the leading energy supplier in Kenya, Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), hopes to
expand its geothermal energy supply from 13% to 25 % of its total usage by 2020. The potential of
geothermal energy in the region was first realised internationally by the United Nations Development
Program, when geologists observed thermal anomalies below the East African Rift system. Locals have
been utilising this resource for centuries; using steam vents to create the perfect humidity for
greenhouses, or simply to enjoy a swim in the many natural hot lakes. Along the 6000 km of the rift
from the Red Sea to Mozambique, geochemical, geophysical and heat flow measurements were made
to identify areas suitable for geothermal wells. One area lies next to the extinct Olkaria volcano, within
the Hell’s Gate National Park, and sits over some of the thinnest continental crust on Earth. This is a
result of the thinning of the crust by tectonic stretching, causing hotter material below the Earth’s
surface to rise, resulting in higher temperatures. This thin crust was ideal for the drilling of geothermal
wells, reaching depths of around 3000 m, where temperatures get up to 342°C, far higher than the
usual temperature of 90°C at this depth. Water in the surrounding rocks is converted to steam by the
heat. The steam can be used to drive turbines and produce electricity.
Answer:
With the increasing energy demands in East Africa and the current unreliable energy source, Kenya
has already adopted a geothermal energy as an alternative source and hopes to increase its supply in
the future, which is mainly generated from the thinnest continental crust on Earth where the water is
converted into steam that can be either used as a direct heat source or drive electricity production.
69. Frog Amber (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
A miner in the state of Chiapas found a tiny tree frog that has been preserved in amber for 25 million
years, a researcher said. If authenticated, the preserved frog would be the first of its kind found in
Mexico, according to David Grimaldi, a biologist and curator at the American Museum of Natural
History, who was not involved in the find. The chunk of amber containing the frog, less than half an
inch long, was uncovered by a miner in Mexico’s southern Chiapas state in 2005 and was bought by a
private collector, who loaned it to scientists for study. A few other preserved frogs have been found in
chunks of amber — a stone formed by ancient tree sap — mostly in the Dominican Republic. Like
those, the frog found in Chiapas appears to be of the genus Craugastor, whose descendants still
inhabit the region, said biologist Gerardo Carbot of the Chiapas Natural History and Ecology Institute.
Carbot announced the discovery this week. The scientist said the frog lived about 25 million years ago,
based on the geological strata where the amber was found. Carbot would like to extract a sample from
the frog’s remains in hopes of finding DNA that could identify the particular species but doubts the
owner would let him drill into the stone.
Answer:
A miner in Mexico found a tiny tree frog preserved in amber for 25 million years, which would be the
first of its kind found in Mexico, with a few other preserved frogs found in chunks of amber, and
Carbot would like to extract a sample from the frog’s remains to find DNA that could identify the
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particular species but the owner may not allow.

70. Dowry (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
A dowry – the money or property a bride brings to her husband at marriage – was common
throughout much of the ancient world, and also flourished in medieval Europe. In many places around
the world, weddings were formal occasions, accompanied by gift giving and rituals. The practice of
dowries apparently originated when a bride’s parents gave her presents. As time went on, the dowry
developed various functions. A dowry of household good often helped the newly weds set up their own
home. A dowry of property or jewelry would help the wife support herself if her husband died.
Generally, the husband returned the dowry to his in-laws if he and his wife divorced or if his wife died
childless. Sometimes the groom’s family paid for the bride, often to compensate her family for the
money spent raising her. If the bride had been a valuable worker, her family was sometimes
compensated for the loss of her economic support. Today, traditional wedding observances are losing
ground all over the world. However, some traditional cultures, including gypsies, many Hindus, and
certain African societies, continue to see dowries as a usual part of marriage. In the African nation of
Sudan, traditionally, the family of the groom has offered cattle, often as many as 100 animals, to the
family of the bride. A groom of the Roma people, or gypsies, pays the bride’s family for the loss of
their daughter. The bride price also ensures that the bride will be well- treated by her new family.
Negotiations between the families of the bride and groom can become quite extensive, with the bride’s
father calculation how much his daughter has cost him since her birth, and how much she could be
expected to earn during her lifetime. During and after the Middle Ages, young girls in rural areas
typically received a dowry bed when she turned 12, followed by a wardrobe the next year. Furniture
was often painted with designs representing family history and specific regions. Brides often entered
marriage with enough goods to set up a household. Grooms received livestock and tools, so they could
begin farming.
Answer:
A dowry, common throughout much of the ancient world, and seen as a usual part of marriage in
some traditional cultures, which means the money or property a bride brings to her husband at
marriage as the extensive negotiations between the families of the bride and groom, is losing ground
all over the world.
71. Double Blind (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The feature of being “double blind”, where neither patients nor physicians are aware of who receives
the experimental treatment, is almost universally trumpeted as being a virtue of clinical trials. Hence,
trials that fail to remain successfully double blind are regarded as providing inferior evidential support.
The rationale for this view is unobjectionable: double blinding rules out the potential confounding
influences of patient and physician beliefs. Nonetheless, viewing double blind trial as necessarily
superior is problematic. For one, it leads to the paradox that very effective experimental treatments
will not be supportable by best evidence. If a new drug were to make even the most severe symptoms
of the common cold disappear within seconds, most participants and investigators would correctly
identify it as the latest wonder drug and not the control (i.e. placebo) treatment. Any trial testing the
effectiveness of this wonder drug will therefore fail to remain double blind. Similar problems arise for
treatments, such as exercise and most surgical techniques, whose nature makes them resistant to
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being tested in double blind conditions. It seems strange that an account of evidence should make
priori judgments that certain claims can never be supported by ‘best evidence’. It would be different if
the claims at issue were pseudoscientific – untestable. But so far as treatments with large effects go,
the claim that they are effective is highly testable and intuitively they should receive greater support
from the evidence than do claims about treatments with moderate effects.
Answer:
While double blind is a virtue of clinical trials because it rules out the potential confounding influences
of patients and physician beliefs, viewing double blind trial as necessarily superior is problematic
because it leads to the paradox that effective experimental treatments will not be supportable by the
best evidence, but claims treatments are effective is highly testable and intuitively they should receive
greater support from the evidence than do claims about treatments with moderate effects.
72. Crime rate (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
The Home Office’ s periodic British Crime Survey estimates that the true level of crime (the sorts,
anyway, which inform the official figures) is about four times that which is registered in the annual
statistics. Quite often, especially in the financial services sector, businesses do not report crimes
against themselves for fear of lowering their public image. Many citizens today are not insured against
car theft or property loss (because they cannot afford the premiums) so they have no incentive to tell
the police if they become victims. A steep statistical rise in crime can sometimes arise not from a real
growth in a particular type of conduct but from a new policing policy - offences of "lewd dancing"
rose by about 300 per cent during 12 months in the 1980s in Manchester, but only because the
zealous Chief Constable James Anderton had deployed a great many officers in gay night clubs.
Sometimes the enactment of a new range of offences or the possibility of committing old offences in
a new way (like computer offences involving fraud and deception) can cause an upward jolt in crime
levels. The figures just released show a startling jump in street robbery but much of this seems to be
a very particular crime: the theft of the now ubiquitous mobile phones. Conversely, if crimes like
joyriding and some assaults are kept out of the categories measured in the annual statistics, as is the
case, the official figures do not reflect even what is reported to the police as criminal. The way that
criminal statistics are compiled by the Home Office is also relevant. From April 1998, police forces
started to count crime in a way which, according to the government, will give "a more robust statistical
measure". Under the new rules, crime is recorded as one crime per victim. Some crimes, like assaults,
have always been recorded in this way, so the main impact of the change will be in the area of
property offences. Shop thefts, for example, were the old rules counted offenders, will now count
victims. Multiple thefts from cars in a car park with a barrier were previously counted as one offense
but are now counted as separate offenses.
Answer:
There are several reasons that contribute to a rise in crime rate including that businesses do not
report crimes against themselves for fear of lowering their public image, that citizens have no
incentive to tell police if they become victims, a new policing policy, the enactment of a new range of
offenses or the possibility of committing old offenses in a new way, and the way that criminal statistics
are compiled by the Home Office.
73. America and India IT (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
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Consider the current situation: like their counterparts in the United States, engineers and technicians
in India have the capacity to provide both computer programming and innovative new technologies.
Indian programmers and high-tech engineers earn one-quarter of what their counterparts earn in the
United States; Consequently, India is able to do both jobs at a lower dollar cost than the United
States: India has absolute advantage in both. In other words, it can produce a unit of programming for
fewer dollars than the Unites States, and it can also produce a unit of technology innovation for fewer
dollars. Does that mean that the United States will lose not only programming jobs but innovative
technology job, too? Does that mean that our standard of living will fall if the United States and India
engage in the international trade? David Ricardo would have answered no to both questions - as we
do today. While India may have an absolute advantage in both activities, that fact is irrelevant in
determining what India or the United States will produce. India has a comparative advantage in doing
programming in part because of such activity requires little physical capital. The flip side is that the
United States has a comparative advantage in technology innovation partly because it is relatively
easy to obtain capital in this country to undertake such long-run projects. The result is that Indian
programmers will do more and more of what U.S. programmers have been doing in the past. In
contrast, American firms will shift to more and more innovation.
Answer:
While India might has absolute advantage in providing both computer programming and innovative new
technologies because of the low cost, the United States has a comparative advantage in technology
innovation because of easier capital obtaining, which suggests that Indian programmers will do more
and more of what U.S. programmers have been doing in the past and American firms will shift to more
and more innovation.
74. Compulsory Reburial (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In April 2008 the British government announced that, henceforth, all human remains archaeologically
excavated in England and Wales should be reburied after a two-year period of scientific analysis. Not
only would internationally important prehistoric remains have to be returned to the ground, removing
them from public view, but also there would no longer be any possibility of long-term scientific
investigation as new techniques and methods emerged and developed in the future. Thus, while faunal
remains, potsherds, artefacts and environmental samples could be analysed and re-analysed in future
years, human remains were to be effectively removed from the curation process. Archaeologists and
other scientists were also concerned that this might be the first step towards a policy of reburying all
human remains held in museum collections in England and Wales including prehistoric, Roman, Saxon,
Viking and Medieval as well as more recent remains.
Answer:
While human remains are the fundamental part for analysis and interpretation of any archaeological
records, they still need to be reburied after a two-year scientific period because of the appearance
and development of new technologies and methods, so human remains should be removed from the
curation process with scientists concerned that this might be the first step towards a policy of
reburying all human remains.
75. Columbus (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
When Christopher Columbus arrived at Hispaniola during his first transatlantic voyage in the year A.D.
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1492, the island had already been settled by Native Americans for about 5,000 years. The occupants
in Columbus’s time were a group of Arawak Indians called Tainos who lived by farming, were organized
into five chiefdoms, and numbered around half a million (the estimates range from 100,000 to
2,000,000). Columbus initially found them peaceful and friendly, until he and his Spaniards began
mistreating them. Unfortunately for the Tainos, they had gold, which the Spanish coveted but didn’t
want to go to the work of mining themselves. Hence the conquerors divided up the island and its
Indian population among individual Spaniards, who put the Indians to work as virtual slaves,
accidentally infected them with Eurasian diseases, and murdered them. By the year 1519, 27 years
after Columbus’s arrival, that original population of half a million had been reduced to about 11,000,
most of whom died that year of smallpox to bring the population down to 3,000.
Answer:
A group of Arawak Indians called Tainos, the occupants of Hispaniola, initially found peaceful and
friendly byt Columbus, unfortunately had gold coveted by the Spanish, so the conquerors divided up
the island and the Indian population, and put the Indians to work as salves, with them accidentally
infected with Eurasian diseases and murdered, which made the original population reduced by the year
1519.
76. Climate Change's Impact (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
As warmer winter temperatures become more common, one way for some animals to adjust is to shift
their ranges northward. But a new study of 59 North American bird species indicates that doing so is
not easy or quick -- it took about 35 years for many birds to move far enough north for winter
temperatures to match where they historically lived. The researchers used 35 years of data from the
North American Christmas Bird Count to match winter temperatures to where birds were seen. They
tested 59 bird species individually and found that they responded differently to climate change. When
summarized across bird species, there was evidence for a strong delay lasting about 35 years. For
example, black vultures have spread northward in the last 35 years and now winter as far north as
Massachusetts, where the minimum winter temperature is similar to what it was in Maryland in 1975.
On the other hand, the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker did not alter its range at all despite the
warming trend, possibly because its very specific habitat requirements precluded a range shift. Both of
these scenarios could represent problems for birds, La Sorte said. Species that do not track changes
in climate may wind up at the limits of their physiological tolerance, or they may lose important habitat
qualities, such as favored food types, as those species pass them by. But they also can't move their
ranges too fast if the habitat conditions they depend on also tend to lag behind climate. If warming
trends weaken, as they did over the past few years, birds may be able to catch up. But accelerated
warming, which is likely as global carbon emissions continue to increase, may put additional strain on
birds. The study highlights these challenges and the high potential climate change has for disrupting
natural systems. It also underscores the challenges ecologists face in predicting the long-term
consequences of climate change for many species simultaneously.
Answer:
As warmer winter temperatures become more common, a new study of 59 bird species found that
shifting birds' range northward is not that easy and quick enough and different species responded
differently to climate change, which highlights the challenges and the high potential climate change
has for disrupting natural systems.
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77. Beauty Contest (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
Since Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen
International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this
country. These wins have also sparked a debate as to whether beauty pageants are just harmless
reminders of old fashioned values or a throwback to the days when women were respected for how
good they looked. Opponents argue that beauty pageants, whether Miss Universe or Miss Teen
International, are demeaning to women and out of sync with the times. They say they are nothing
more than symbols of decline. In the past few decades Australia has taken a real step toward treating
women with dignity and respect. Young women are being brought up knowing that they can do
anything, as shown by inspiring role models in medicine such as 2003 Australian of the Year Professor
Fiona Stanley. Almost all of the pageant victors are wafer thin, reinforcing the message that thin
equals beautiful. This ignores the fact that men and women come in all sizes and shapes. In a country
where up to 60% of young women are on a diet at any one time and 70% of school girls say they
want to lose weight, despite the fact that most have a normal BMI, such messages are profoundly
hazardous to the mental health of young Australians.
Answer:
While Australian has taken a real step toward treating women with dignity and respect, young
Australian women still concern more about their body shapes because not only all the beauty pageants
are judged by their looks, and they are reinforcing the idea that thin equals beautiful, but also they
ignore the fact that men and women do come in all sizes and shapes, which are hazardous to the
mental health of young Australians.
78. Australian Indigenous Food (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In its periodic quest for culinary identity, Australia automatically looks to its indigenous ingredients, the
foods that are native to this country. 'There can be little doubt that using an indigenous product must
qualify a dish as Australian notes Stephanie Alexander. Similarly, and without qualification, states that
‘A uniquely Australian food culture can only be based upon foods indigenous to this country , although,
as Craw remarks, proposing Australian native foods as national symbols relies more upon their
association with 'nature' and geographic origin than on common usage. Notwithstanding the lack of
justification for the premise that national dishes are, of necessity, founded on ingredients native to the
country—after all, Italy's gastronomic identity is tied to the non-indigenous tomato, Thailand's to then
on-indigenous chili—the reality is that Austrians do not eat indigenous foods in significant quantities.
The exceptions are fish, crustaceans and shellfish from oceans, rivers and lakes, most of which are
unarguably unique to this country. Despite valiant and well-intentioned efforts today at promoting and
encouraging the consumption of native resources, bush foods are not harvested or produced in
sufficient quantities for them to be a standard component of Australian diets, nor are they generally
accessible. Indigenous foods are less relevant to Australian identity today than lamb and passionfruit,
both initially imported and now naturalized.
Answer:
In its periodic quest for culinary identity, Australia automatically looks to its indigenous ingredients, the
foods that are native to this country, notwithstanding the lack of justification for the premise that
national dishes are founded on ingredients native to the country and the reality that Austrians do not
eat indigenous foods in significant quantities, and indigenous foods are less relevant to Australian
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identity today than lamb and passionfruit, both initially imported and now naturalized.
79. Australian Education (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
When Australians engage in debate about educational quality or equity, they often seem to accept
that a country cannot achieve both at the same time. Curriculum reforms intended to improve equity
often fail to do so because they increase breadth or differentiation in offerings in a way that increases
differences in quality. Further, these differences in quality often reflect differences in students’ social
backgrounds because the ‘new’ offerings are typically taken up by relatively disadvantaged students
who are not served well them. Evidence from New South Wales will be used to illustrate this point. The
need to improve the quality of education is well accepted across OECD and other countries as they
seek to strengthen their human capital to underpin their modern, knowledge economies. Improved
equity is also important for this purpose, since the demand for high level skills is widespread and the
opportunities for the low skilled are diminishing. Improved equity in education is also important for
social cohesion. There are countries in which the education system seems primarily to reproduce
existing social arrangements, conferring privilege where it already exists and denying it where it does
not. Even in countries where the diagnosis might be less extreme, the capacity of schooling to build
social cohesion is often diminished by the way in which schools separate individuals and groups.
Answer:
While the improved quality and equity of education can strengthen human capital to underpin their
modern knowledge economies and improve social cohesion, educational quality and equity cannot be
both achieved at the same time because curriculum reforms intended to improve equity by increasing
breadth or differentiation in offerings also increase differences in quality which reflects differences in
students’ social backgrounds.
80. American English (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
American English is, without doubt, the most influential and powerful variety of English in the world
today. There are many reasons for this. First, the United States is, at present, the most powerful
nation on earth and such power always brings with it influence. Indeed, the distinction between a
dialect and a language has frequently been made by reference to power. As has been said, a
language is a dialect with an army. Second, America’s political influence is extended through American
popular culture, in particular through the international reach of American films (movies, of course) and
music. As Kahane has pointed out, the internationally dominant position of a culture results in a
forceful expansion of its language... the expansion of language contributes... to the prestige of the
culture behind it. Third, the international prominence of American English is closely associated with the
extraordinarily quick development of communications technology. Microsoft is owned by an American,
Bill Gates. This means a computer’s default setting for language is American English, although of
course this can be changed to suit one’s own circumstances. In short, the increased influence of
American English is caused by political power and the resultant diffusion of American culture and
media, technological advance, and the rapid development of communications technology.
Answer:
While American English is a dialect with an army because the United States is the most powerful
nation on the earth and such power brings with it influence, America’s political influence is extended
through American popular culture which also results in an expansion of its language, and the
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international prominence of American English is associated with the quick development of

communications technology, which suggests American English is the most influential and powerful
variety of English.
81. Ageing World (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
We live in an ageing world. While this has been recognized for some time in developed countries, it is
only recently that this phenomenon has been fully acknowledged. Global communication is "shrinking"
the world, and global ageing is "maturing" it. The increasing presence of older persons in the world is
making people of all ages more aware that we live in a diverse and multigenerational society. It is no
longer possible to ignore ageing, regardless of whether one views it positively or negatively.
Demographers note that if current trends in ageing continue as predicted, a demographic revolution,
wherein the proportions of the young and the old will undergo a historic crossover, will be felt in just
three generations. This portrait of change in the world's population parallels the magnitude of the
industrial revolution traditionally considered the most significant social and economic breakthrough in
the history of humankind since the Neolithic period. It marked the beginning of a sustained movement
towards modern economic growth in much the same way that globalization is today marking an
unprecedented and sustained movement toward a "global culture". The demographic revolution, it is
envisaged, will be at least as powerful. While the future effects are not known, a likely scenario is one
where both the challenges as well as the opportunities will emerge from a vessel into which exploration
and research, dialogue and debate are poured. Challenges arise as social and economic structures try
to adjust to the simultaneous phenomenon of diminishing young cohorts with rising older ones, and
opportunities present themselves in the sheer number of older individuals and the vast resources
societies stand to gain from their contribution.
Answer:
As it is fully acknowledged that we live in an ageing world, a powerful demographic revolution will be a
possible result if current trends in ageing continue as predicted, which will not only bring challenges of
adjusting social and economic structures but also opportunities to present themselves in older people
and vast resources.
82. Ageing Australia (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
In 2005 Japan had the highest median age of all countries in the world, while Australia's population
was only moderately aged. Some 50 years ago the demographic situation was quite different, with the
median age of Australia's population being seven years older than Japan's. The ageing of the
population is a major issue for Australian policy makers, particularly in regard to the long-term
implications for reduced economic growth and the increasing demand for Age Pensions, and health
and aged care services. As the population ages, growth in the number of people of working age will
slow, while the proportion of people of retirement age will increase. Sustained population ageing also
leads to slowing or negative population growth. While declining population growth in developed
countries is welcomed by some environmentalists and social scientists, economists tend to agree that
population decline brings gloomy economic prospects. In addition to the decrease in the labor supply,
the demand side of the economy may be affected through shrinking markets for goods and services.
How quickly this occurs depends on the dynamics of fertility, mortality and overseas migration. While a
moderate pace of demographic change allows for gradual adjustment of the economy and policies to
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the changing population demographics, rapid changes are more difficult to manage. As a result,
governments and society as a whole may need to take actions to address these issues. But how
severe is the ageing of Australia's population, relative to other countries? One way of applying a
degree of perspective to the ageing debate is to compare ageing in Australia with that of other
countries. This article examines the population structures in Australia and Japan and the demographic
forces that shape the respective populations, both historically and projections for the future.
Answer:
While Australia’s population was moderately aged, the ageing of the population is still a major issue for
Australian policy makers because it not only has long-term implications for reduced economic growth
and the increasing demand for Age Pensions and aged care services, but also leads to slowing or
negative population growth, so governments and society need to take actions to address these issues
together.
83. 2014 Olympics (Prediction) (Explanation)

Original:
11 February 2009 – Major athletic events around the globe – from the 2014 Sochi Olympics to an
annual powerboat race in Norwegian fjords – are striving to neutralize their carbon footprint as part of
a world-wide climate network, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said today. The
sporting events are the latest participants to join the network, and are particularly important for
inspiring further global action on the environment, said Achim Steiner, UNEP Executive Director.
“Whether carried out on track and field or on ice and snow, sporting events ignite the spirit of
achievement in thousands of competitors and billions of spectators worldwide,” Mr. Steiner said. “It is,
therefore, heartening that this passion for excellence increasingly encompasses environmental
performance, with sporting organizations raising the bar ever higher at each and every tournament,”
he added. Organizers of the 2014 Sochi Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games – to be held in a
unique natural setting between the shores of the Black Sea and the soaring snow-capped Caucasus
Mountains – say they will put an estimated $1.75 billion into energy conservation and renewable
energy. That investment will be dedicated to improving transport infrastructure, offsetting greenhouse
gas emissions from the use of electricity, air travel and ground transportation, the reforestation of
Sochi National Park and the development of green belts in the city.
Answer:
While major athletic events are striving to neutralize their carbon footprint as part of a world-wide
climate network, they are also the latest participants to join the network and are important for the
environment, and they will put a huge investment into energy conservation and renewable energy to
improve transport infrastructure, offsetting greenhouse gas, air travel and ground transportation, the
reforestation of Sochi National Park and the development of green belts in the city.
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Write Essay
Repeat Rate: 99%
1. Play Writing (New) (Prediction)

Question:
What is the role of writing theater plays and discussing ancient writings in the study of high school
students?
(APEUni Website / App WE #58)
2. (Prediction)
Question:
There are both advantage and disadvantage of company workers accessing their own products and
services. Discuss.
3. Certain Jobs (Prediction)

Question:
There are more men or women in certain jobs and there’s nothing we can change about it. Do you
agree with that?
4. Air Travel (Prediction)

Question:
Some people think air travel has more negative impacts than positive impacts on modern life. What do
you think?
5. Public Space (Prediction)

Question:
Some people believe that all cities and towns should have at least one large public open space. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
6. Employers and Employees (Prediction)

Question:
Some employers take the opinions of their employees when determining the areas to invest in. Please
explain whether it will bring advantages or disadvantages.
7. Foreign Languages (Prediction)

Question:
While artificial intelligence becomes so advanced, people can use computers to translate foreign
languages. Do you agree with it? Give examples or your experiences to support.
8. City or Countryside (Prediction)
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Question:
Living in the countryside or having an urban life, which one do you prefer? Please use examples or
your personal experience to support your opinion.
9. New Inventions (Prediction)

Question:
In our technological world, the number of new inventions has been increasing. Please make an
example with its impact on our life, and explain if it is beneficial or not.
10. Over-competitive (Prediction)

Question:
What are the advantages and the disadvantages of being over-competitive to individuals and society?
11. Air Planes (Prediction)

Question:
Many people say air flights have a great impact on the environment, specifically, more of a negative
effect than of a positive one. To what extent do you agree with this argument?
12. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction)

Question:
Advanced technology such as artificial intelligence can translate a foreign language easily. Do you
think learning a foreign language is still necessary? Support your point of view with your own
experience.
13. Wage Cap (Prediction)

Question:
Should there be a maximum wage for highly-paid people? Is it good or bad?
14. Harder Life (Prediction)

Question:
It is harder for children living in the 21st century than that in the past. How far do you agree with this
statement? Give your opinions.
15. Old or Modern Buildings (Prediction)

Question:
More and more countries spend large amount of money on the restoration of buildings instead of on
modern housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this analysis? Support your writing with
your experience or examples.
16. Compulsory Learning (Prediction)
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Question:
Should schools make it compulsory to learn a foreign language?
17. Working Women (Prediction)

Question:
More and more women are raising a family with a career. Please give your opinions and suggestions
about this challenge on a personal level and a national level.
18. Short Weeks (Prediction)

Question:
Unemployment among young people is a serious problem. Some people suggest shorter working weeks
instead of laying off employees. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages? Do you
think this policy should apply to just young workers or the whole workforce？
19. School Uniforms (Prediction)

Question:
Should schools have strict rules on wearing uniforms?
20. Celebrities' Privacy (Prediction)

Question:
People who are famous entertainers or sportspeople should give up the right to privacy, because this
is the price of fame. To what extent do you agree/disagree with this point of view? Give your opinion
with your experiences.
21. Less Work Hours (Prediction)

Question:
“In the future, people will work less hours at their jobs.” To what extent do you agree with it? Please
support your opinion with your own experience.
22. Television (Prediction)

Question:
Television serves many functions. Watching TV makes us relax. We can learn knowledge and
information from TV programs. Besides, TV can also be seen as a companion. To what extent do you
agree with this?
23. Inventions (Prediction)

Question:
In our technological world, the number of new inventions has been increasing. Please describe a new
invention, and determine whether it will bring advantages or disadvantages.
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24. Dangerous Activities (Prediction)

Question:
Nowadays, more and more people engage in dangerous activities, such as sky diving and motorcycling.
Are you in favour of such activities or not? Use examples to support your opinion.
25. Environmental Influence (Prediction)

Question:
Nowadays, people believe that the environment influences their accomplishments. Some people think
their success and accomplishment were influenced by the places where they grew up. Do you think
the environment does or does not affect people’s accomplishment and how it affects? Please give an
example of a famous person to support your statement.
26. Tourism's Pros and Cons (Prediction)

Question:
The disadvantages of tourism in less developed countries are as great as the advantages. What is
your opinion?
27. Law Effect (Prediction)

Question:
Some people think human behaviors can be limited by laws, others think laws have little effect. What is
your opinion?
28. Business Profit (Prediction)

Question:
Business whether big or small is to maximize profit. Do you agree with that? Give your opinion.
29. University Education (Prediction)

Question:
A university education is necessary to succeed in a career, to what extent to you agree or disagree?
30. Extra Classes (Prediction)

Question:
It is important for children to take extra classes or play after school? Discuss both and give your
opinions.
31. Music (Prediction)

Question:
Some people say music promotes children learning. However, there are mixed results on impact of
music generated from researches. To what extent do you agree or disagree that: music has impacts
on humans' life?
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32. Best Teachers (Prediction)

Question:
Experience is the best teacher. Some people believe it is more effective than formal school study and
books, what do you think?
33. Marketing in Companies (Prediction)

Question:
Should marketing in companies which produce consumer goods like food and clothing, place emphasis
on reputation of the company or short-term strategies like discount and special offers? Why?
34. Educational Purpose (Prediction)

Question:
Some people think educational purpose is to have a better life in the future; others argue that its aim
is only for a self-improvement. What is your opinion? Your essay should base on your own experiences
and examples.
35. Studying Climate Change (Prediction)

Question:
You need to study climate change. Which area of climate change will you choose and why? Use
examples.
36. Environmental Challenges (Prediction)

Question:
Business and commercial organizations should help to solve environmental challenges. To what extent
do you agree with this opinion?
37. Literature (Prediction)

Question:
Works of literature is a waste of time for students today. Do you agree and use your own experience.
38. Studying abroad (Prediction)

Question:
It is often argued that studying overseas is overrated. There are many scholars who study locally. Is
travel really necessary for a better education?
39. Environment Effect (Prediction)

Question:
Some people say that people are defined by the place where they grow up, but some argue that the
environment only has little effect. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Use a celebrity you know
to support your opinion.
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40. Pressing Problem (Prediction)

Question:
There are many global problems. What is the most pressing problem? What solution would you
suggest?
41. Technology (Prediction)

Question:
Technology allows us to have a helpful and interesting life than in the past. Do you agree or disagree?
42. Distraction (Prediction)

Question:
To study effectively requires time, comfort and peace so it is impossible to combine study and
employment. Study and employment distract one from another. To what extent do you think the
statements are realistic? Support your opinion with examples?
43. Life Experience (Prediction)

Question:
Experience is the best teacher. Some people think that life experience is more important than the
formal teacher and books in schools and universities. How far do you agree with this statement? Give
examples to support.
44. International Organizations (Prediction)

Question:
Global problems are related to governments and international organizations. What are the problems
and what is your opinion?
45. Effective Experience (Prediction)

Question:
Experience is more effective and useful than books and formal education. To what extent do you
agree with this opinion?
46. Credit Cards (Prediction)

Question:
In a cashless society, people use more credit cards. Cashless society seems to be a reality, and how
realistic do you think it might be? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon?
47. Age Limit (Prediction)

Question:
Do you think that young people should be restricted on certain things that they can do such as driving
or smoking until they reach the age of 25? What are your views on this?
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48. Digital Media (Prediction)

Question:
With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the library has become obsolete.
Universities should only procure digital materials rather than constantly textbooks. Discuss both the
advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own point of view.
49. Tourism (Prediction)

Question:
Tourism is good for some less developed countries, but also has some disadvantages. Discuss.
50. Newspapers (Prediction)

Question:
There is no need for newspapers in the modern world. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
51. Problems and Benefits (Prediction)

Question:
There are both problems and benefits for high school students to study plays and works of theatres
written centuries ago. Discuss and use your own experience.
52. Facing Issues (Prediction)

Question:
The world’s governments and organizations are facing a lot of issues. Which do you think is the most
pressing problem for the inhabitants on our planet and give the solution?
53. Devotion (Prediction)

Question:
The time people devote in job leaves very little time for personal life. How widespread is the problem?
What problem will this shortage of time cause?
54. Media Influences (Prediction)

Question:
Mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, plays a pivotal role in shaping our opinions and
characters. What is your opinion?
55. Building Effects (Prediction)

Question:
Do you think the design of building affects positively or negatively where people live and work?
56. Medical Technology (Prediction)

Question:
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The advanced medical technology will extend human’s life. Do you think it is a blessing or a curse?
57. Invention (Prediction)

Question:
Talk about an invention that you think beneficial or harmful.
58. Deduction (Prediction)

Question:
Some universities deduct students’ marks if assignment is given late. What is your opinion and suggest
some alternative actions?
59. Law (Prediction)

Question:
Some people think the law changes our behavior. Do you agree or disagree?
60. Student Grouping (Prediction)

Question:
Some people think schools should group students according to their academic abilities while others
think students can achieve better performance in mixed groups. Discuss both opinions and give your
own opinion.
61. Experiential Learning (Prediction)

Question:
Some people point that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing it) can work well in formal
education. However, others think a traditional form of teaching is the best. Do you think experiential
learning can work well in high schools or colleges?
62. Reputation (Prediction)

Question:
Should marketing for consumer goods companies like clothing and food emphasize reputation or short
term strategies like discounts and special offers?
63. Senior Executives (Prediction)

Question:
Employers should get their employees involved in the decision making process. What are the pros and
cons?
64. Pop Music (Prediction)

Question:
Pop music should have a university degree. Do you agree or disagree?
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65. Legal Responsibility (Prediction)

Question:
Parents should be held legally responsible for their children’s acts. What is your opinion? Support it
with personal examples.
66. Personal Life (Prediction)

Question:
Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the extent that they hardly have time for their
personal life. How widespread do you think it is? Discuss the problems caused by the shortage of time.
67. Right Balance (Prediction)

Question:
Nowadays, it is increasingly more difficult to maintain the right balance between work and other
aspects of one’s life, such as leisure time with family members. How important do you think is this
balance? Why do people find it hard to achieve?
68. Television (Prediction)

Question:
Nowadays television has become an essential part of life. It is a medium for disseminating news and
information, and for some it acts as a companion. What is your opinion about this?
69. Mass Media (Prediction)

Question:
Mass media have an influence on human, particularly on younger generation. It plays a vital role on
shaping the opinions of people. What do you think about it?
70. Shopping Malls (Prediction)

Question:
Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is your opinion on this? Do you think this is a
good or bad change?
71. Getting Married (Prediction)

Question:
It is argued that getting married before finishing school or getting a job is foolish. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
72. Information Revolution (Prediction)

Question:
Information revolution brought about by modern mass media has both positive and negative
Page 268 of 542

consequences to individuals and society. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Discuss
with your own experience.
73. Extreme Sports (Prediction)

Question:
In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of extreme or adventure sports?
74. Inventions (Prediction)

Question:
In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions such as antibiotics, airplanes and computers.
What do you think is the most important of them? Why?
Answer:
Nowadays, what is the most important invention in the past 100 years has attracted numerous
controversies and drawn the public’s attention. Some people believe that antibiotics are the most
important one, while others hold the view that it should be the airplane. In my opinion, the computer is
the top one in them due to technological and economic reasons. Firstly, the technological reason is
why I think the computer plays the most important role. Although potentially negative impacts of
computer must be taken into account, I still reckon that the computer has in many ways enormously
enriched people’s lives. For example, a well- known American scientist Albert Einstein once said,
“Computers make brand new humans.” It is thus clearly shown that the computer have great
importance. Moreover, another factor that should be considered is the economic reason. As far as
society is concerned, the ultimate aim of economy is to pursue a higher efficiency. For instance, a
recent article published by The Economist revealed that the computer multiplies economic efficiency
worldwide. Undoubtedly, this is a clear indication that economically the computer enjoys the greatest
significance. To sum up, I hold the view that the computer is the most significant invention in the past
100 years because of the technological and economic reasons outlined above. To make better use of
the computer, the government and society should make a concerted effort to find solutions.
75. Formal Written Examination (Prediction)

Question:
Many education systems assess students using formal written examinations. Those kinds of exams are
a valid method. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give examples with your own experience.
76. Different People (Prediction)

Question:
Different people are successful in different fields. Some people work long hours to get success, but
others feel that we should spend free time for fun than money. Which style closely related to you and
explains your opinion?
77. Communication (Prediction)

Question:
Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 years. Discuss the positive and negative
Page 269 of 542

impacts of this change.

78. Global Issue (Prediction)

Question:
Climate change is a concerning global issue. Who should take the responsibilities, governments, big
companies or individuals?
79. Transportation Networks (Prediction)

Question:
As cities expand, some people claim governments should try to create better networks of public
transportation available for everyone rather than building more roads for vehicle owning population.
What’s your opinion? Give some examples or experience to support.
Answer:
Nowadays, whether better networks of public transportation available for everyone or more roads for
vehicle owning population have higher priority has attracted numerous controversies and drawn the
attention from the public. Some people believe that public transportation , while others hold the view
that the latter should be attached more importance to. In my opinion, governments should focus more
attention to public transportation than that to roads for vehicle-owners due to political and economic
reasons. First and foremost, it has been argued that the political reason is why I think governments
should prioritize the construction of public transportation facilities. Although potentially negative
impacts of public transportation must be taken into account, I still reckon that improvement of public
convenience has in many ways enormously enriched people’s lives. For example, a well-known
American scientist Albert Einstein once said, “Care for the public pays off,” which had a significant
influence on many politicians’ policy-making. It is thus clearly shown that governments should have a
bias in favor of the public tranportation. Moreover, another factor that should be considered is the
economic reason. As far as society is concerned, the ultimate aim of any construction is to boost the
economy. For instance, a recent research published on Scientist American/The Economist revealed
that things that benefit the majority have the highest economic value. Undoubtedly, this is a clear
indication that the better the public transportation, the more beneficial it is for the economy. To sum
up, I hold the view that governments should invest more in public transportation than that in
transportation just for vehicle-owners because of the political and economic reasons outlined above.
To optimize the devision of funds invested in the two fields, the government, and society should make
a concerted effort to find solutions.
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C. Reading
Multiple Choice (Single)
Repeat Rate: 5%
1. Chinese game (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About a Chinese game that uses stones. It is complext but easy to play. The stones might die
but at some stage they will come back to life. Question: which of the following options is NOT true? 1.
skill 2. easy 3. chance. The answer is chance.
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #117)
2. Spice (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: People eat spice because of its flavour (or because of its medical effect).
3. Social Scientists (Prediction)

Original:
Social scientists use particular methods to gather qualitative evidence, from observation to interview,
but they also use autobiographical accounts, journalism, and other documentary material to flesh out
and add meaning to statistics. As with reading numbers, reading textual evidence requires us to
practice, to set time aside to learn how to do it, and to understand the conventions of writing which
operate in the different forms of writing we encounter. One of the main problems with reading textual
evidence, though, is that, unlike the relationship most of us have with numbers where we may use
them at a pretty basic level, most of us are, if anything, over-familiar with words. When we want to
understand their value as social science evidence we need to forget how familiar we are with first
person accounts and everyday speech - for example, in newspapers, magazines, and books - and
learn a different approach to them. Social scientists use observation, interviews and even print
journalism as evidence for the claims they make. They may collect evidence through questionnaires
with pre-set questions and by open-ended interviews which allow respondents to speak for
themselves. They may observe social relations explicitly as social scientists or may participate
themselves in a particular community to gain 'inside' information. Social scientists also draw on print
journalism on occasion and may use the same sources, for example official statistics, and the work of
other social scientists to support their claims. We need to remember, though, that journalists do not
need to present the same rigorous referencing and support for their claims as social scientists are
required to do. Most importantly, newspaper and magazine articles are written under commercial
pressures; for example they must help to sell the newspaper by being deliberately provocative, or by
reflecting the dominant views of its readers.
Question:
According to this passage, what do social scientists use written sources to do?
Options:
A) Formulating questionnaires and interview questions.
B) Advising them on how to collect qualitative evidence.
C) Adding information to other data they have collected.
D) Change their understanding of numbers.
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Answer:
C
4. John Robertson (Prediction)

Original:
When he was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Newcastle, even John Robertson
himself must surely have looked back in wonder at his astonishing rise to success. The year was 1910,
and those assembled were to hear not only of his generosity to the University, which enabled it to
contribute to the pioneering research into tropical diseases being carried out at that time, but also of
his humanitarian work in southern Africa, where he was ahead of his time in improving the working
conditions of local mine workers. To those who knew John in his youth, it will have come as no
surprise to hear of his success. He was now enjoying the rewards of the fierce determination, desire
to succeed and extraordinary ability to acquire knowledge, which they had noticed in the young man.
Question:
What does the reader of this text learn about John Robertson?
Options:
A) He was born in Africa.
B) His abilities were evident at a young age.
C) He studied medicine.
D) He completed his degree in 1910.
Answer:
B
5. Linguistic Turn (Prediction)

Original:
In recent years history has experienced a 'linguistic turn' while literary studies have undergone a
'historical turn', making this combination of subjects stronger than ever. Knowledge of the past
contextualises literary artefacts, while the forensic literary skills of the linguist are vital for interrogating
historical documents. Historians have to be aware of genre, plot and rhetorical techniques in the
creation both of their sources and their own arguments, while linguists need to appreciate the social
and political concerns that are woven into literary works. This degree brings these two skill sets
together.
Question:
What is the aim of the author?
Options:
A) To introduce a new academic subject to us.
B) To distinguish the two subjects in terms of academic importance.
C) To criticize the combination of the two subjects.
D) To foresee a new academic trend.
Answer:
A
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6. Essay (Prediction)
Original:
Essays are used as an assessment tool to evaluate your ability to research a topic and construct an
argument, as well as your understanding of subject content. This does not mean that essays are a
'regurgitation' of everything your lecture has said throughout the course. Essays are your opportunity
to explore in greater depth aspects of the course - theories, issues, texts, etc. and in some cases
relate these aspects to a particular context. It is your opportunity to articulate your ideas, but in a
certain way: using formal academic style.
Question:
According to the text, which statement below is NOT true about essays?
Options:
A) Essays are basically what your lecture has said throughout the course.
B) Essays should evaluate aspects of the course in a greater depth.
C) Essays should be written in formal academic style.
D) Essays are opportunities for students to express their ideas.
Answer:
A
7. Lighthouse (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：欧洲国家有⼀航空公司收购⼀个灯塔改造成旅馆，很多国际旅客想体验，旅游⼈数增加。选
项：航空公司拥有这个⼩旅馆。（答案）
8. Fear of Crime (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: It would come as a surprise to many that the concept of fear of crime is a recent invention.
However, prior to the mid-1960s the term was never used, and certainly not in the sense we use it
today. This may not on the face of it seem very significant; terms, ideas and language continually
change. However, fear of crime is more than simply a term to describe a physical or psychological
reaction to the threat or perceived threat of victimization. Rather, it is now seen as a quantifiable,
measurable, social scientific object, a policy target and a political issue. Read the text and answer the
multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. This
information suggests that the key way in which the concept of fear of crime has changed is that _____
it is now regarded as a measurable phenomenon, which can be addressed through government
policies. before the 1960s it was linked to victimization without being linked to more commonly held
views about violence. before the 1960s it referred to personal issues whereas now it refers to abstract
issues. it was previously conceived in physical terms, whereas it is now seen in psychological terms.
9. Euripides (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：介绍古希腊剧作家欧⾥庇得斯 Euripides 问该作家的作品有什么特点？不再关注英雄式的主
题，更加注重平⺠的普通⽣活
10. Labour Market (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：The UK has one of the most flexible labor markets in Europe. With the active labor
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market, the young are highly beneficial from it. ⼀些年轻⼈积极找⼯作，失业率低，很成功。最后说There
is a program, targeting people who are aged 25 or over, which yet not worked very well. Therefore, we
need to make some changes on it. 问: Why is the unemployment rate low for young in the UK,
because the young ....? 选项: is in active employment market；（答案） benefits from the program；
(⼲扰项，因为⽂中强调说这个项⽬运⾏地不好) suits the flexible labor market; (⼲扰项，因为没有说到年轻
⼈suits) more successful than people over 25. (⼲扰项，因为没有⽐较这两个)
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Multiple Choice (Multiple)

Repeat Rate: 5%
1. Children Care (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于child care 。选项：government child care 更有效；（答案）带mother的选项。（答
案）
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #91)
2. Optional Courses (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于美国的教育制度，提到secondary school和high school。本来提供很多课程是为了学⽣
可以向⾃⼰喜欢的⽅向发展，结果学⽣只是和关系好的⼈选同⼀⻔或选容易的课程，使得课程设置原本的⽬的
没有达到。选项：结果不如intended那样；（答案）学⽣可以⾃主选择课程。（答案）
3. (Prediction) (Incomplete)
Points: 要点：关于新能源公交⻋electronic buses, 提到两个公司，公司1占有市场份额的60%。 government
购买这种bus to be environmentally friendly。选项：A: 政府为了环保购买这种bus ；（答案） B: 公司1的
market share⼤于公司2 ；（答案）
4. Social Media (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于social media对社交的影响，提到Facebook。讲⼈们通常认为孤独的⼈会经常上⽹，但是
其实⽹络社交可以帮助⼈们开拓视野，不孤独。选了⼀个：孤独的⼈更喜欢⽤社交软件。选项： 1)
Websites like facebook can improve well-being. 2) Lonely people make the most use of internet(答
案，facebook) 3) Most people use facebook to make new friends. （⼲扰项，因为⽂中说到facebook是
⼈们⽤来维系old friends ） 4) （⼲扰项）
Points: ANZAC（Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) in the battle field of World War One in
Gallipoli, Turkey. 选项：对澳洲现代⼈的values有深远影响；（正确答案）⼠兵互扔⼿榴弹（grenade）（对
应原⽂第⼀段back and forth，因为ANZAC离攻击⽬标⾜够近）；（正确答案）他们在挖⼯事的过程中起⽤
了很多⼈； 13,000⼟⽿其⼈死亡；（错误选项）这些阵亡⼠兵从别的战役过来；（错误选项） ANZAC侵占
了⼟⽿其。（错误选项）
6. History of Sleep (Prediction)

Original:
September 2, 1752, was a great day in the history of sleep. That Wednesday evening, millions of
British subjects in England and the colonies went peacefully to sleep and did not wake up until twelve
days later. Behind this feat of narcoleptic prowess was not same revolutionary hypnotic technique or
miraculous pharmaceutical discovered in the West Indies. It was, rather, the British Calendar Act of
1751, which declared the day after Wednesday 2nd to be Thursday 14th. Prior to that cataleptic
September evening, the official British calendar differed from that of continental Europe by eleven
days—that is, September 2 in London was September 13 in Paris, Lisbon, and Berlin. The discrepancy
had sprung from Britain's continued use of the Julian calendar, which had also been the official
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calendar of Europe from its invention by Julius Caesar (after wham it was named) in 45 B.C. until the
decree of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Caesar's calendar, which consisted of eleven months of or 31
days and a 28-day February (extended to 29 days every fourth year), was actually quite accurate: it
erred from the real solar calendar by only 11.5 minutes a year. After centuries, though, even a small
inaccuracy like this adds up. By the sixteenth century, it had put the Julian calendar behind the solar
one by 10 days. In Europe, in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII ordered the advancement of the Julian calendar
by 10 days and introduced a new corrective device to curb further error: century years such as 1700
or 1800 would no longer be counted as leap years, unless they were (like 1600 or 2000) divisible by
400.
Question:
What factors were involved in the disparity between the calendars of Britain and Europe in the 17th
century?
Options:
A) the provisions of the British Calendar Act of 1751
B) Britain's continued use of the Julian calendar
C) the accrual of very minor differences between the calendar used in Britain and real solar events
D) the failure to include years divisible by four as leap years
E) the decree of Pope Gregory XIII
F) revolutionary ideas which had emerged from the West Indies
G) Britain's use of a calendar consisting of twelve months rather than eleven
Answer:
B, C, E
7. Decision (Prediction)
Original:
By the laws of probability, most decisions made under pressure should be flawed ones, yet
psychologists have found that people routinely make correct judgments most of the time, even with
limited information. One of Gladwell's surprising points is that we can actually learn how to make better
snap judgments, in the same way that we can learn logical, deliberative thinking. But first we have to
accept the idea that thinking long and hard about something does not always deliver us better results,
and that the brain actually evolved to make us think on our feet.
Question:
Which of the following does the passage tell us about decision making?
Options:
A) The brain is designed to enable quick decision making.
B) Quick decision making can be improved.
C) Quick decision making routinely leads to error.
D) To make correct decisions we require all relevant information.
E) Thinking things through thoroughly will lead to greater success.
Answer:
A, B
8. Avalanche (Prediction)
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Original:
Now, Osvanny Ramos of the Ecole Normale Suprieure in Lyon, France, and colleagues say prediction
is possible after all. They designed an experiment that induced avalanches in a two-dimensional pile of
4-millimetre-diameter steel beads. They placed a 60-centimetre row of randomly spaced beads
between two parallel, vertical glass plates 4.5 millimetres apart, with the beads glued to the bottom to
simulate the ground under a natural pile. Then they dropped in one bead at a time, creating piles of up
to 55,000 beads. After each drop, the team photographed the pile and measured the position of each
bead to calculate the "space factor" - a measure of the disorder in the system, which was related to
the space surrounding each bead (see diagram). The greater the disorder round a bead, the more
likely an avalanche was. If one or more beads moved when a new bead fell on the pile, that was
considered to be an avalanche. An extra-large avalanche involved between 317 and 1000 beads. The
researchers found that if the space factor before a bead dropped was greater than it had been 50
steps earlier, they could predict an extra-large avalanche with 64 per cent accuracy. Ramos says that
they can improve the odds by analysing more information, such as the size of the pile (Physical Review
Letters, vol 102, p078701). The work could also have important consequences for predicting
earthquakes. Ramos has an inkling why forecasting earthquakes is so difficult: seismologist tend to use
information about the time and size of events, known as a time series. However, Ramos found that
this didn’t help predict the next big avalanche. "When seismologists try to predict earthquakes, they
analyse the time series," he says. He argues that they would have more successes analysing data
analogous to the internal disorder in the pile of beads.
Question:
According to the text, what can we learn from the “space factor”-a measure of the disorder in the
system?
Options:
A) Space factor is related to the space around each bead, and the greater disorder indicates a
higher possibility of avalanche.
B) The greater the disorder around a bead, the less likely an avalanche was.
C) Internal disorder analysis will lead to a more successful model.
D) They could 100% accurately predict an extra-large avalanche based on the change in space
factor of a bead.
E) Forecasting earthquakes is easier than predicting avalanche.
Answer:
A, C
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Re-order Paragraphs
Repeat Rate: 40%
1. Chef (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About restaurant chef jobs. Keywords are restaurant, chef, job, sites, craigslist.
(APEUni Website / App RO #180)
2. Snakes (Prediction)
Correct Order:
1) Big Country Snake Removal responded to a home in Albany, Texas, after a man who was trying to
restore his cable, climbed under the house and saw some snakes.
2) "He saw a 'few' snakes and quickly crawled out," said a post on Big Country Snake Removal's
Facebook page.
3) "We arrived around lunchtime and as soon as I crawled under I could immediately see that there
was far more than a 'few,'" the post said.
4) The company ended up removing 45 rattlesnakes from beneath the house.
3. Totalitarian (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1. About the concept of totalitarianism. 2. ...such governments... 3. ...the government... 4.
...they... 5...
4. Dyslexia (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About helping those suffering from dyslexia. 1. For children of five to twelve, reading is an
important skill connecting the second curriculum. 2. An organization named ... 3.... 4. These volunteers
have all received trainings.
5. Green Areas (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1. Definition of Green Areas 2. These areas are good places of working meeting. 3. However,
mobile phone is not suitable there. 4. Mobile phone usages in .... （regulations of phone usage are
mentioned)
6. Children Depression (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A major review of antidepressants has found they are largely ineffective and may even be harmful
for children and teens' depression in the Amazon.
2) The true effectiveness and risk of serious harms is found in the borders of Amazon such as suicidal
thoughts remain unclear because of the small number of trials and the selective reporting findings in
published trials and clinical study reports.
3) The study authors recommend that 'children and adolescents taking antidepressants should be
carefully monitored closely and permanently, however, prohibits the study of children's
antidepressants.
4) This was widely opposed by multi-billion companies that have already invested antidepressants.
Page 278 of 542

5) It is therefore recommended a child could self-reproach starting with a low dose and build up
gradually within to prevent the side effects.
7. Teenage Drivers (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) According to the research, more car accidents occur in the morning.
2) Particularly, most of those accidents happen between 1am and 5am, for example in Port Macquarie.
3) Especially, this happens very often among teenage drivers.
4) This should draw the public attention, and people should put more concerns on teenagers.
5) As a new method, it is advised to have more qualifications for teenagers to get licenses.
8. Pronunciation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Grammar is very important... Vocabulary also provides... However, pronunciation is also
important... but it isn't taught. Pronunciation is ...
9. Client Management (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: You may have heard about a client management system that can collaborate clients' data. If
we have such a system… Now we have this system… This system can benefit… Once you have this
system, even those people who don't understand management can use it well.
10. Probability of Event (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1.
11. Marriage Decline (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The decline in marriage rates and increase in divorce rates has led to a decrease in the proportion
of the population that is formally married.
2) In 1986, 60% of the population aged 15 years and over were married; by 2001 this proportion had
decreased to 55%.
3) Conversely the proportion of the population aged 15 years and over who were never married
increased from 29% in 1986 to 32% in 2001.
4) At the same time, the proportion of the population who were divorced increased, from 5% in 1986
to 7% in 2001, while the proportion of the population who were widowed remained at around 6%.
12. UK Carbon Emissions (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) By 2100, human-induced climate change threatens to raise temperatures by 2-4℃ and push up
tide-lines by 4-6m.
2) The government has promised to help counter this global trend by reducing UK carbon emissions by
80 percent from 1990 levels by 2050.
3) And with the second largest tidal range in the world, British marine energy could play an important
role in this shift.
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4) But harnessing the power of the tides is not without consequence.

5) In 2013, plans to construct a £ 34bn barrage across the Severn estuary were rejected after
concerns were raised about its effect on local ecosystems.
13. English Teaching (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Five sentences in total, about English teaching. Firstly, pronounce... Then, grammar... And
English teaching... Finally, new teaching method.
14. Bugs (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About an approach to killing bugs with monitoring at any time. If the landlord doesn't want to
do it, you can turn to the government, which will do it with professionals. Or, tenants can do it
themselves. 1: bugs...inception ... 2: tenant... 3: tenant also... 4: killing bugs...
15. Seawater Pollution (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Ocean pollution is a hard problem. Companies legally drain/discard pollutants into the sea.
Seawater can dilute pollution to harmless. How long will this situation last in North America. (To be
completed)
16. Marshmallow (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A four-to-six-year-old child sits alone in a room at a table facing a marshmallow on a plate.
2) The child is told: If you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both this one and a second
one.
3) Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow.
4) The longer a child can resist the temptation has been correlated with higher general competency
later in life.
17. School Open Day (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) School has different ways to let parents know how they provide education services.
2) One of the common ways is open days.
3) Open days are good chances for parents to ask what they want to know.
4) These are times when parents can know what works for their children will be doing at school.
18. Book Writing (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) For many years, I had been thinking of writing a book.
2) Not an ordinary book, but a literature book.
3) I would do extensive literature reading and think about how I could do as well as they had done.
4) What I did is what you will need to do.
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19. Computational Thinking (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Many of us happily drive a car without understanding what goes on under the bonnet.
2) So is it necessary for children to learn how to program computers?
3) After all, some experts say coding is one of the human skills that will become obsolete as artificial
intelligence grows.
4) Nevertheless, governments believe coding is an essential skill.
20. Bonpoint (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) During the past few years, some of the world's biggest names in high-end fashion have begun to
see children's clothes as a promising sideline with which to extract more value from their main
business.
2) Jean Paul Gaultier, Chloe_ and John Galliano have all launched children's clothes lines.
3) But for France's Bonpoint, making kids' clothing is the main business.
4) Since Bonpoint was founded 40 years ago by clothes store owner Marie-France and Bernard
Cohen, children and babies have been at the centre of the brand's development.
21. Vaccines (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A healthy school setting gives all students the best chance to learn and grow.
2) Vaccines are very important to this effort.
3) They protect children from getting and spreading diseases that can make them very sick.
4) For this reason, we require children aged 2-months to 18-years old who are entering or attending
child care, public school, or private school be vaccinated against certain diseases.
22. Exceptional Health (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It is natural to be healthy, but we have wandered so far astray that disease is the rule and good
health, the exception.
2) Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but nearly all are suffering from
some ill, mental or physical, acute or chronic.
3) There is too much illness, too much suffering.
4) We are losing every year a vast army of individuals who are in their productive prime.
5) The average individual is of less value to himself, to his family and to society than he could be.
23. Deaf School (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: To be completed..
24. O'Keeffe (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) O'Keeffe never formally recorded her theories about art.
2) She did, however, leave a long trail of interviews and letters that reveal how she approached her
Page 281 of 542

painting practice—and the rituals, experiences, and environments that inspired her.
3) Correspondence with her husband, photographer Alfred Stieglitz, in particular, offers a raw, honest
glimpse into O'Keeffe's creative mind.
4) The two exchanged 25,000 pages of letters between 1915 and 1946, during which time she found
her voice as an artist: first, through her flower paintings, and later, through landscapes and surrealistic
still lifes inspired by her mountainous, skull-studded surroundings in New Mexico.
25. Hudson (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Aboard the ship Discovery, Hudson left England in April 1610.
2) He and his crew, which again included his son John and Robert Juet, made their way across the
Atlantic Ocean.
3) After skirting the southern tip of Greenland, they entered what became known as the Hudson Strait.
4) The exploration then reached another of his namesakes, the Hudson Bay.
26. Bitcoin (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1) bitcoin is an online money 2) That's to say you need download mobile phone app to use
such money 3) With above done it generates a bitcoin address 4) This address can only be used once.
27. Tree Roots (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于树根，有⼀个过程能产⽣⼀种蛋⽩质，介绍这种蛋⽩质，这个过程能帮植物应对极端条件，通过
这些能挑选出抗⼲旱的植物。 1） tree roots /a process/ a protein 2） the/this protein 3） this
process/extreme condition 4） drought
28. Gender Stereotype (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The research by Will and colleagues dressed 6-month-old babies in different colored outfits that
did not necessarily match their gender, so the participants had no way of knowing if the baby was in
fact a boy or a girl.
2) Sometimes, the infant was dressed in blue and was called Adam and sometimes it was dressed in
pink and was called Beth.
3) There were three toys in the room: a train (boy stereotype), a doll (girl stereotype) and a fish
(neutral).
4) This study found that babies dressed in blue and thought to be boys were more likely to be given
the train. Babies in pink or 'girls' were more likely to be given the doll and more people smiled at 'Beth'
then at 'Adam'.
29. Working Memory Capacity (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Researchers studied groups of people from the University of Wisconsin-Madison community,
ranging in age from 18 to 65.
2) The first group was asked to perform simple tasks, like pressing a button every time they took a
breath or clicking in response to a letter popping up on a computer screen; these tasks were so easy
Page 282 of 542

that their minds were likely to wander, the researchers figured.

3) The researchers checked in periodically, asking the participants if their minds were on task or
wandering.
4) When the task was over, they measured each participant's working memory capacity by having
them remember letters while doing math equations.
5) Though all participants performed well on the task, the researchers noticed that the individuals who
indicated their minds had wandered more than others also scored higher on the working memory test.
30. Actors' Performance (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In a wonderful set of studies and subsequent book, Elly A. Konijn looked to the question of how
much actors are aware of their performance as they perform it, and how much they let the character
'take over'.
2) She asked Dutch actors to rate their own emotions and the emotions of the characters they were
playing across a range of affective states (from disgust and anxiety to tenderness and pleasure).
3) She found that positive emotions were often felt by the actors as they played those character's
emotions.
4) However, the more negative the emotion of the character, the less likely the actor would report
feeling that emotion onstage
31. Accounting System (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Are there any systems that can measure Accounting system?
2) Well, there is accounting software describes a type of application software that records and
processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts
receivable, payroll, and trial balance.
3) This enables the access anywhere at any time With any device which is Internet enabled, or may be
desktop based. It varies greatly in its complexity and cost.
4) These tools combine together to provide quality customer service and create a climate of
confidence, a customer ser.'ice strategy that helps meet the specific needs.
32. Chanan Tigay (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Don't expect a straightforward answer from Chanan Tigay about the authenticity or even the
existence of what was promoted as the earliest version of the fifth and final book of the Jewish Torah,
known to Christians as the Book of Deuteronomy in the Old Testament.
2) As an author who spent years trying to unravel a juicy mystery and get it down on paper, Tigay
wants you to read his book, "The Lost Book of Moses: The Hunt for the World's Oldest Bible," to find
the answer.
3) But at a talk on Wednesday, the writer, journalist, and fellow offered listeners an enticing peek,
describing how he landed on the story of the mysterious manuscript and about his years trying to
track down the document.
4) From the author's description, it was a wild, Indiana Jones-type ride that included a competition to
find the relic, false starts, dead ends, trips to faraway places, and an ultimate breakthrough close to
home.
Page 283 of 542

33. STM (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Short-term memory(STM) is the second stage of the multi-store memory model propsed by the
Atkinson-Shiffrin. The duration of STM seems to be between 15 and 30 seconds, and the capacity
about 7 items.
2) The Magic number 7(plus or minus two) provides evidence for the capacity of short-term memory.
Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory.
3) This idea was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it the magic number 7. He thought that
short term memory could hold 7(plus or minus two items) because it only had a certain number of
'slots' in which items could be stored.
4) However, Miller didn't specify the amount of information that can be held in each slot.
5) Indeed, if we can 'chunk' information together we can store a lot more information in our short-
term memory.
34. Sea Turtles (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The bony shell of a sea turtle can actually sense when something touches it.
2) A series of thin nerves run along the shell and detect pressure changes associated with touch.
3) The nerves do not contain pain receptors so scientists do not think sea turtles feel pain when
touched on the shell, but these thin nerves could transmit information to other parts of the sea turtle’s
body.
4) In addition, researchers and scuba divers have observed sea turtles respond to the stimulation of
being touched on the skin of their head and their flippers.
35. Brain Function (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The brain is our most treasured possession.
2) It coordinates our movements, our words, our relationships, and the ability to pass on our genes.
3) Our body therefore protects the organ fiercely: The central nervous system polices particles
traveling through the bloodstream and invites only the safest into our cognitive chamber.
4) This selective process occurs due to a proactive boundary known as the blood-brain barrier.
5) The barrier serves a vital role, but is also poses a tremendous challenge for scientists developing
drugs to treat brain-based disorders.
36. DRM (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Due to its ability to solve all main problems associated with digital goods, Digital Rights Management
is the favorite option used by companies to tackle privacy.
2) The aim of this article is to discuss the consequences of DRM for consumers, firms and society.
3) The rationales of DRM are discussed and the expected benefits for firms are presented.
4) In contrast, consumers are shown to be likely to see few benefits in DRM.
5) The article concludes with some public policy recommendations.
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37. Mink (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The American mink has been present in Iceland since the 19301s and despite heavy hunting since
1939 the species has become well established.
2) The ecosystem in Iceland is simpler than in other areas where mink are found; the only other
mammalian predator is the arctic fox.
3) Direct competition between these species appears to be minimal although the arctic fox will
sometimes chase mink and disturb them while foraging.
4) Iceland is therefore an ideal place to study undisturbed feeding behaviour and ecology of mink.
38. Local Sessions (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Employees did not quite understand the policy of Minister. Hence, officials hosted some local
sessions. In these sessions, the involved employees complained about too long working hours, and the
company admitted that they got profit from reducing cost of workers. They reached an agreement
which conveyed that they did not do well. （To be confirmed）
39. Bar Coding (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: To be confirmed.
40. Examination (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Students probably don't know how to achieve high marks in exams.
2) Actually, you don't have to write down everything you know.
3) Before writing, you should figure out what the question is after, and what is not relevant.
4) And then you will have an idea of what you should write.
41. Medical Education (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Formal medical education in Manchester began in 1814 when Joseph Jordan opened the first
anatomy school in the English provinces.
2) Previous lecture courses in medicine had included a series given by Peter Mark Roget, then a
physician at Manchester Infirmary (1804-8), but better known for his later Thesaurus.
3) Jordan, however, offered dissections as well as lectures, and medical education proved good
business.
4) In London the private anatomy schools, which had competed with each other for decades, became
incorporated with the hospitals, but in the provinces private medical schools continued beyond 1870,
using the hospitals for clinical teaching but not formally attached to them.
42. Sherbet Powder (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Sherbet powder is a mix of baking soda and citric acid.
2) When it is mixed with water in your mouth, an endothermic reaction occurs, taking heat energy
from your mouth and making it feel cooler.
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3) Another example of an endothermic reaction is the cold packs used by athletes to treat injuries.
4) This process is endothermic-taking heat energy from the surroundings and cooling the injured part
of your body. In this way, the cold pack acts as an ice pack.
43. Rosa Parks (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It was there that Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to vacate her seat in the middle
of the bus so that a white man could sit in her place.
2) She was arrested for her civil disobedience.
3) Parks' arrest, a coordinated tactic meant to spark a grassroots movement, succeeded in catalyzing
the Montgomery bus boycott.
4) Parks was chosen by King as the face for his campaign because of Parks' good standing with the
community, her employment and her marital status.
5) In many ways, the Montgomery bus boycott kicked off a national struggle to eliminate national
discrimination, with King leading the way and ultimately become the nation's racial equality movement.
44. Superpower (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 1)The 'superpower' has international text, which means having control on resources and ...
political power 2) It's including 3) In terms of "green superpower", .... 4) In addition to the green energy
superpower, companies should meet above global average ... emissions and .
45. Turkey (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) If you want to visit Mars, visit Turkey.
2) That's where you'll find lakes so salty that the only bugs able to live there are species that could
probably survive on Mars as well.
3) For that reason, microbiologists in Turkey have surveyed the array of species that inhabit the
Acigol, Salda and Yarisli lakes.
4) They're hopeful that studying some of them will yield useful insights into the kinds of biology that
could help microbes exist on Mars or other potentially habitable planets and moons.
46. Eating Habits (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Researchers surveyed more than 2,000 young people about their eating habits in 1999.
2) When they surveyed the same group five years later, most of the teenagers were eating fewer fruits
and vegetables.
3) The researchers, led by Nicole I. Larson of University of Minnesota School of Public Health, found
two dips in the intake of fruits and vegetables during the teenage years.
4) The first occurred in early adolescence, when consumption went down by more than half a serving.
The second came in late adolescence and was about the same size as the first.
47. Nightinggale (Prediction)

Correct Order:
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1) The data to be reported here come from a longitudinal study of the untutored acquisition of English
as a second language by a five-year-old Japanese girl whom we shall call Uguisu, nightingale in
Japanese.
2) Her family came to the United States for a period of two years while her father was a visiting
scholar at Harvard, and they took residence in North Cambridge, a working-class neighborhood.
3) The children in that neighborhood were her primary source of language input.
4) Uguisu also attended public kindergarten for two hours every day, and later elementary school, but
with no tutoring in English syntax.
48. Speed (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) To overcome the pull of gravity and reach another body in space you need to achieve a certain
speed.
2) A journey to Mars from Earth's surface requires a minimum total speed of nearly 30,000mph.
3) This requires large rockets, tonnes of fuel, and complex orbital maneuvering.
4) Due to the moon's weaker gravitational field, the same journey from the lunar surface would "only"
require a speed of 6,500mph (2.9km/s).
5) This is roughly one third of that necessary to reach the International Space Station from Earth.
49. Pidgin (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In some areas, the standard chosen may be a variety that originally had no native speakers in the
country.
2) For example, in Papua New Guinea, a lot of official business is conducted in Tok Pisin.
3) This language is now used by over a million people, but it began many years earlier as a kind of
'contact' language called a pidgin.
4) A pidgin is a variety of a language (e.g. English) that developed for some practical purpose, such as
trading, among groups of people who had a lot of contact, but who did not know each other' s
languages.
50. Internship (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) During the school year, we had the benefit of being both unaccountable and omnipotent.
2) We could engage in impassioned debates about how as chief executive of a certain company we
would have done this, or if we had been the banker on that deal we would have structured it like that.
3) Insulated from the consequences of such decisions, and privy to all critical information about the
case, we were able to solve complex business problems with relative ease.
4) We knew that once we began our internships, this would no longer be the case.
5) The information would be more nebulous and the outcomes of our decisions would be
unpredictable.
51. Blue Halo (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Latest research has found that several common flower species have nanoscale ridges on the
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surface of their petals that meddle with light when viewed from certain angles.
2) These nanostructures scatter light particles in the blue to ultraviolet colour spectrum, generating a
subtle effect that scientists have christened the 'blue halo'.
3) By manufacturing artificial surfaces that replicated 'blue halos', scientists were able to test the
effect on pollinators, in this case foraging bumblebees.
4) They found that bees can see the blue halo, and use it as a signal to locate flowers more
efficiently.
52. Note-taking (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Your main job in taking lecture notes is to be a good listener.
2) To be a good listener, you must learn to focus and concentrate on the main points of the lecture.
3) Get them down, and then later reorganize them in your own words.
4) Once you have done this, you have set the stage for successful reviewing and revising.
53. Marine Creature (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In order to establish whether diversity matters in the sea as well as on land, 11 marine biologists,
along with three economists, have joined forces.
2) They have spent the past three years crunching all the numbers they could lay their hands on.
3) These ranged from the current UN Food and Agriculture Organization's database to information
hundreds of years old, gleaned from kitchen records and archeology.
4) The results of this comprehensive analysis have been published in Science.
54. German Writer (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) This site contains a comprehensive listing of the works of Norbert Elias, a German sociologist.
2) The site lists not only his published books and articles but also manuscripts and oral
communications, in a variety of media and including reprints and translations.
3) The material has been catalogued, cross-referenced and organized by date.
4) There is, however, no search facility.
55. Challenging Jobs (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Numbers of staff who wish to turn up and do a simple job and go home is relatively happy if they
believe their work is secure.
2) However, any employee who wants to acquire more varied and responsible duties will not feel
satisfied for long staying with the same and boring job.
3) People want to keep working hard only if there are opportunities for promotion to a more
challenging job.
4) If this opportunity does not exist, they are most likely to be demotivated.
56. Native Living Beings (Prediction)
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Correct Order:
1) Australia's native plants and animals adapted to life on an isolated continent over millions of years.
2) Since European settlement they have had to compete with a range of introduced animals for
habitat, food and shelter.
3) Some have also had to face new predators.
4) These new pressures have also caused a major impact on our country's soil and waterways and on
its native plants and animals.
57. Worship (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) My study of the history of religion has revealed that human beings are spiritual animals. Indeed,
there is a case for arguing that Homo sapiens is also Homo religious.
2) Men and women started to worship gods as soon as they became recognizably human; they
created religions at the same time as they created works of art.
3) This was not simply because they wanted to propitiate powerful forces.
4) These early faiths expressed the wonder and mystery that seems always to have been an essential
component of the human experience of this beautiful world.
58. Children's Verbal Skills (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Many young children are inexperienced in dealing with emotional upheaval.
2) As a result, they lack the coping strategies that many adults have.
3) In particular, they lack the verbal skills to express their emotions and to effectively communicate
their need for emotional support.
4) The frustration of not being able to effectively communicate may manifest itself in alternative
behaviors.
5) Moreover, such behaviours may risk developing behavioural, social and emotional problems.
59. Calf Experiment (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) To gauge optimism and pessimism, the researchers set up an experiment involving 22 calves.
2) Before they started the experiment, they trained the calves to understand which of their choices
would lead to a reward.
3) In the training, each calf entered a small pen and found a wall with five holes arranged in a
horizontal line, two-and-a-half feet apart.
4) The hole at one end contained milk from a bottle, while the hole at the opposite end contained only
an empty bottle and delivered a puff of air in calvesl faces.
5) The calves learned quickly which side of the pen held the milk reward.
60. EU Fishing (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The European Union has two big fish problems.
2) One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own fisheries can no longer
meet European demand.
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3) The other is that its governments won't confront their fishing lobbies and decommission all the
surplus boats.
4) The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West Africa. Since 1979 it has
struck agreements with the government of Senegal, granting our fleets access to its waters.
5) As a result, Senegal's marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as ours.
61. United Nation Conferences (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Conferences have played a key role in guiding the work of the United Nations since its very
inception.
2) In fact, the world body was born when delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco in April 1945
for the United Nations Conference on International Organization.
3) The recent high-profile conferences on development issues, which have continued a series that
began in the 1970s, have broken new ground in many areas: by involving Presidents, Prime Ministers
and other heads of state - as pioneered at the 1990 World Summit for Children.
4) These events have put long-term, difficult problems like poverty and environmental degradation at
the top of the global agenda.
5) These problems otherwise would not have the political urgency to grab front-page headlines and
command the attention of world leaders.
62. Hip Pop (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Hip hop emerged as a reaction to the gang culture and violence of the South Bronx in the 1970s,
and daily experiences of poverty, racism, exclusion, crime, violence, and neglect.
2) It necessarily embodies and values resilience, understanding, community and social justice.
3) Without these, Hip Hop culture would never have been, and it is because these values remain at its
core that Hip Hop is such a powerful agent of positive social change around the world.
4) Yet, the hip hop project is not yet free from these difficult circumstances.
63. Historical records (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Historical records, coins, and other date-bearing objects can help - if they exist. But even
prehistoric sites contain records - written in nature's hand.
2) The series of strata in an archaeological dig enables an excavator to date recovered objects
relatively, if not absolutely.
3) However, when archaeologists want know the absolute date of a site, they can often go beyond
simple stratigraphy.
4) For example, tree ring, Dendrochronology (literally, ―tree time‖) dates wooden artefacts by
matching their ring patterns to known records, which, in some areas of the world, span several
thousand years.
64. Bankruptcy (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In Montana as elsewhere, companies that have acquired older mines respond to demands to pay for
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cleanup in either of two ways.

2) Especially if the company is small, its owners may declare the company bankrupt, in some cases
conceal its assets,and transfer their business efforts to other companies or to new companies that do
not bear responsibility for cleanup at the old mine.
3) If the company is so large that it cannot claim that it would be bankrupted by cleanup costs (as in
the case of ARCO that I shall discuss below), the company instead denies its responsibility or else
seeks to minimize the costs.
4) In either case, either the mine site and areas downstream of it remain toxic, thereby endangering
people, or else the U.S. federal government and the Montana state government (hence ultimately all
taxpayers) pay for the cleanup through the federal Superfund and a corresponding Montana state
fund.
65. Clothing Fibers (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Fibers suitable for clothing have been made for the first time from the wheat protein gluten.
2) The fibers are as strong and soft as wool and silk.
3) But they are up to 30 times cheaper.
4) Narenda Reddy and Yiqi Yang, who produced the fibres at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, say
that because they are biodegradable they might be used in biomedical applications such as surgical
sutures.
66. International Economics (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) International Economics: Theory and Policy is a proven approach in which each half of the book
leads with an intuitive introduction to theory and follows with self-contained chapters to cover key
policy applications.
2) The Eighth Edition integrates the latest research, data, and policy in hot topics such as
outsourcing, economic geography, trade and environment, financial derivatives, the subprime crisis,
and China's exchange rate policies.
3) New for the Eighth Edition, all end-of-chapter problems are integrated into MyEconLab, the online
assessment and tutorial system that accompanies the text.
4) Students get instant, targeted feedback, and instructors can encourage practice without needing to
grade work by hand. For more information visit MyEconLab.
67. The Job of a Manager (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees.
2) In order to accomplish this, the manager should be able to motivate employees.
3) That is, however, easier said than done.
4) Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, encompassing various disciplines.
68. Objectivity of Journalists (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Experts especially journalists, inevitably find difficult to be objective because of their culture
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background.
2) Journalists tried their best not to be biased.
3) However, including every aspects of an issue is as easy as calling for every candidate to participate
in presidential debate.
4) Some aspects are not included in the reporting.
69. Carbon Pricing in Canada (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) There is a growing consensus that, if serious action is to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Canada, a price must be applied to those emissions.
2) There are, however, challenges associated with the political acceptability of carbon pricing.
3) If Canada implements a carbon price on its own, there are worries that Canadian factories will
relocate to other countries to avoid the regulation.
4) Even if other countries act in concert with Canada to price carbon, the effects will be uneven
across sectors, and lobbying efforts by relatively more-affected sectors might threaten the political
viability of the policy.
70. Scientific Dishonesty (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) I think we should be wary of the reporting of science — it is often over-dramatized in order to
secure an audience — but not of science itself.
2) Of course, there are rare extremely scientific dishonesties, which will be seized upon by the news
organizations.
3) The role of science in modern society still remains valuable.
4) Mobile phones, for example, can cause incidents if drivers insist on talking on the phone instead of
looking at roads.
5) But no one would argue that mobile phones cannot help to make a phone call when we are in a
crisis.
71. Heart Attack (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Heart attack is the caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot.
2) When the clot is formed, it will stay in the blood vessels.
3) The clot in blood vessels will block blood flow.
4) Without the normal blood flow, it will cause muscle contraction.
72. Choose a School (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Within the country, there are more than 100 schools in the country providing course and
accommodations.
2) Do not ever choose a school without going to the place and having a look. You should go and see
once you have a chance.
3) You can see the facilities and accommodations around the school.
4) Because you might be living there.
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5) And they can be helpful to your study as well.

73. Vegetarian (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Vegetarians do not eat meat or fish in their diet.
2) This diet is not only unattractive but also may cause nutritional imbalance if not managed well.
3) Restaurants and school cafeteria adjust and amend their menus to adapt to this special diet.
4) Menus in all of these places have become more balance in nutrients, and also attract those who
are not vegetarians.
5) These developments won’t succeed without the effort of vegetarians.
74. Wagonways (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Roads of rails called Wagonways were being used in Germany as early as 1550.
2) These primitive railed roads consisted of wooden rails over which horse-drawn wagons or carts
moved with greater ease than over dirt roads. Wagonways were the beginnings of modern railroads.
3) By 1776, iron had replaced the wood in the rails and wheels on the carts.
4) In 1789, Englishman, William Jessup designed the first wagons with flanged wheels.
5) The flange was a groove that allowed the wheels to better grip the rail, this was an important
design that carried over to later locomotives.
75. Ocean Floors (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great areas the available
soundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart.
2) However, the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys since
1920.
3) A broad, well-defined ridge-the Mid-Atlantic ridge-runs north and south between Africa and the
two Americas.
4) Numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor.
5) Closely spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are rugged as mountainous
regions of the continents.
76. Bird-feeding (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) According to experts, feeding birds is probably the most common way in which people interact with
wild animals today.
2) More than 50 million Americans engage in the practice, collectively undertaking an unwitting
experiment on a vast scale.
3) Is what we're doing good or bad for birds?
4) Recently, researchers at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology sought to answer this question, analyzing
nearly three decades' worth of data from a winter-long survey called Project FeederWatch.
5) Preliminary results suggest the species visiting our feeders the most are faring exceptionally well in
an age when one-third of the continent's birds need urgent conservation.
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77. Vegetable Intake (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Fruit and vegetable intake is important for the prevention of future chronic disease. So it's important
to know whether intakes of teens are approaching national objectives for fruit and vegetable
consumption.
2) Larson and colleagues from the University of Minnesota undertook the study to examine whether or
not teens in the state were increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables.
3) The study gathered information about fruit and vegetable intake among 944 boys and 1.161 girls in
1999 and again in 2004.
4) Teens in middle adolescence are eating fewer fruits and vegetables than in 1999. Larson and
colleagues found.
5) This is giving us the message that we need new and enhanced efforts to increase fruit and
vegetable intake that we haven't been doing in the past.
78. Desert Festival (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The 'Festival in The Desert' is a celebration of the musical heritage of the Touareg, a fiercely
independent nomadic people.
2) It is held annually near Essakane, an oasis some 40 miles north-west of Timbuktu, the ancient city
on the Niger River.
3) Reaching it tests endurance, with miles of impermanent sand tracks to negotiate.
4) The reward of navigating this rough terrain comes in the form of a three-day feast of music and
dance.
79. Results Measurement (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Psychologists measure results in terms of validity and reliability. Validity is defined as … For
example, when a survey is asking about someone’s personality, it shouldn’t ask him chemistry
questions. Meanwhile, a survey also values reliability.
80. Voice above 5mhz (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Humans are able to make sense of sounds at a much higher pitch than previously thought.
2) A note has a fundamental tone- the pitch we hear- and a series of overtones that occur at higher
frequencies. Overtones are what give a sound its timbre, and enable us to distinguish an oboe from a
trumpet from its sound alone.
3) Previous studies have shown that humans are unable to recognise melodies whose notes have a
fundamental tone above 5 kilohertz. It was thought that, at frequencies this high, the rapidly cycling
sound wave was too fast for the auditory nerve to cope with.
4) To test this theory, Andrew Oxenham and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota in
Minneapolis asked a group of six students whether two four-note melodies were identical or not. As in
previous studies, the volunteers could not recognise melodies with fundamental tones above 5 kHz.
5) The team then took a fundamental tone pitched below 5 kHz and digitally filtered it to leave just the
overtones above 6 kHz. Surprisingly, the volunteers were able to distinguish these melodies.
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81. Amino Acid (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Amino acid, which is also known as Leucine, is a fundamental element in the muscle’s
formation… Animals’ protein has a x% of the Leucine, which is higher than those in plants’ protein.
Plants’ protein…. However, there are also some exceptions exist.
82. Financial Crisis (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Many people face serious financial crisis when they are only 20-30 years old. This is because
they do not really pay attention to their daily spending, and has poured their spending on buying. This
will lead to them paying piling credit card loan and monthly payments. Although they can have student
loan, people should…(giving suggestion)
83. Stem Cells (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Embryonic stem cells are valued by scientists because the cells’ descendant can turn into any other
sort of body cells.
2) These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels,
skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver.
3) They might thus be used as treatments for diseases that require the replacement of a particular,
lost cell type.
4) Some example cited for a possible treatment using these cells are diabetes, motor neuron disease
and Parkinson’s disease.
84. Electronic Device Disposal (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Recycling electronic waste such as old computers, TVs, and monitors is a daunting challenge
considering how much technology we all use today.
2) The challenge didn't deter IU students, who persuaded the IT Services department to launch its
Electronic Waste Collection Days program.
3) On numerous dates throughout the year, students, faculty, and staff can drop off their old
equipment to be completely recycled nothing ends up in a landfill.
4) Collection days netted more than 650,000 pounds of waste in 2010.
85. Color TV (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: There are many color such as red and blue in the color system behind the camera. Use the
system to receive colors to generate a black and white image. And then there comes the color
TV/And that’s how color TV was invented. (Further development of color TV)
86. German Invasion (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) German invasion of Poland officially triggered the Second World War.
2) In the beginning, Britain and France were hopeful that Poland should be able to defend her borders.
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3) But Polish forces could not defend a long border.

4) They lacked compact defence lines and additionally their supply lines were also poorly protected.
5) Meanwhile, the world had woken up to the potential of atomic energy and countries were
conducting testes to exploit the same.
87. Copernicus (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Copernicus probably hit upon his main idea sometime between 1508 and 1514. For years, however,
he delayed publication of his controversial work, which contradicted all the authorities of the time.
2) The historic book that contains the final version of his theory, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
libri vi ("Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs"), did not appear in print until
1543, the year of his death.
3) According to legend, Copernicus received a copy as he was dying, on May 24, 1543.
4) The book opened the way to a truly scientific approach to astronomy. It had a profound influence
on later thinkers of the scientific revolution, including such major figures as Galileo, Johannes Kepler,
and Isaac Newton.
88. Earthworm (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Not all wildlife is created equal in our eyes.
2) Take the earthworm, which doesn't have the widespread appeal of larger, more charismatic animals
such as gorillas, tigers or pandas.
3) Worms are never going to get a strong "cute response", and they won't ever be the face of a
conservation campaign.
4) But what Darwin rightly recognized is that - panda fans avert your eyes - worm conservation is
much more important once we factor in their provision of what we now call "ecosystem services",
which are crucial to human survival.
89. Mayor (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts, but they are starting to
utter warnings.
2) Last summer the editors of the Harvard educational review warned that mayoral control can reduce
parents' influence on schools.
3) And they pointed to Mr. Bloomberg's aggressive style as an example of what not to do.
4) All this must be weighed up by the New York state legislature in 2009, when mayoral control is up
for renewal-or scrapping.
90. New Ventures (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) New Ventures is a program that helps entrepreneurs in some of the world's most dynamic, emerging
economies-- Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia and Mexico.
2) We have facilitated more than $203 million in investment, and worked with 250 innovative
businesses whose goods and services produce clear, measurable environmental benefits, such as
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clean energy, efficient water use, and sustainable agriculture.

3) Often they also address the challenges experienced by the world's poor.
4) For example, one of the companies we work with in China, called Ecostar, refurbishes copy
machines from the United States and re-sells or leases them for 20 percent less than a branded
photocopier.
91. Science and Technology (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It is a truism to say that in 21st century society science and technology are important.
2) Human existence in the developed world is entirely dependent on some fairly recent developments
in science and technology.
3) Whether this is good or bad is, of course, up for argument.
4) But the fact that science underlies our lives, our health, our work, our communications, our
entertainment and our transport is undeniable.
92. Copernicanism (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The expanding influence of Copernicanism through the seventeenth century transformed not only
the natural philosophic leanings of astronomers but also the store of conceptual material accessible to
writers of fiction.
2) During this period of scientific revolution, a new literary genre arose, namely that of the scientific
cosmic voyage
3) Scientists and writers alike constructed fantastical tales in which fictional characters journey to the
moon, sun, and planets.
4) In so doing, they discover that these once remote worlds are themselves earth-like in character.
5) Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the seventeenth century
intellectual shift from the Aristotelian to the Copernican framework.
93. Benefit of Language (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Over the years many human endeavors have had the benefit of language.
2) In particular a written language can convey a lot of information about past events, places, people
and things.
3) But it is difficult to describe music in words, and even more difficult to specify a tune.
4) It was the development of a standard musical notation in the 11th century that allowed music to be
documented in a physical form.
5) Now music could be communicated efficiently, and succeeding generations would know something
about the music of their ancestors.
94. Health and Disease (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It is natural to be healthy, but we have wandered so far astray that disease is the rule and good
health the exception.
2) Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but nearly all are suffering from
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some ill, mental or physical, acute or chronic.

3) The average individual is of less value to himself, to his family and to society than he could be.
4) His bad habits, of which he is often not aware, have brought weakness and disease upon him.
5) These conditions prevent him from doing his best mentally and physically.
95. Solution of Issue (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In general, there is a tendency to underestimate how long it takes to discuss and resolve an issue
on which two people initially have different views.
2) The reason is that achieving agreement requires people to accept the reality of views different from
their own and to accept change or compromise.
3) It is not just a matter of putting forward a set of facts and expecting the other person immediately
to accept the logic of the exposition.
4) They (and probably you) have to be persuaded and helped to feel comfortable about the outcome
that is eventually agreed.
5) People need time to make this adjustment in attitude and react badly to any attempt to rush them
into an agreement.
96. Sea Level Rise (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Sea level raise led to 36 thousand people died every year.
2) This number can be raised if sea level ceaseless goes up, scientists notified.
3) According to the research, if sea level raises 50 centimeters, 86 million people will die.
4) If sea level raises 1 meter, 168 million people will die all around the world.
97. Manage Health (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Many of us know what we should be doing to live healthily, yet many of us struggle to actually
actively manage our health.
2) In 'Easier Said than Done', we set out some of the reasons why we might find it hard to live in a
healthy way, exercising, eating well, getting adequate sleep, and checking for early warning symptoms.
3) Perhaps most importantly, we look to the field of behavioral science for strategies that people can
use to overcome those hurdles and to initiate lifestyle changes.
4) Changing existing behavior can be a difficult task, but with the help of these strategies new
behaviors can become habitual, facilitating a long-term sustained healthy lifestyle.
98. Sustainable Development (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Whatever happened to the idea of progress and a better future? I still believe both.
2) The Brundtland Report, our Common Future (1987) defines sustainable development as
'development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs'.
3) Implicit in this definition is the idea that the old pattern of development could not be sustained. Is
this true?
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4) Development in the past was driven by growth and innovation. It led to new technologies and huge
improvements in living standards.
5) To assume that we know what the circumstances or needs of future generations will be is mistaken
and inevitably leads to the debilitating sense that we are living on borrowed time.
99. Wal-Mart Shoppers (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Wal-Mart's core shoppers are running out of money much faster than a year ago due to rising
gasoline prices, and the retail giant is worried, CEO Mike Duke said Wednesday.
2) 'We're seeing core consumers under a lot of pressure,' Duke said at an event in New York. 'There's
no doubt that rising fuel prices are having an impact.'
3) Wal-Mart shoppers, many of whom live paycheck to paycheck, typically shop in bulk at the
beginning of the month when their paychecks come in.
4) Lately, they're 'running out of money' at a faster clip, he said.
5) Purchases are really dropping off by the end of the month even more than last year,” Duke said.
“This end-of-month [purchases] cycle is growing to be a concern.
100. Ethiopian Runners (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Dr Pitsiladis has spent years trying to identify why Ethiopian runners from the mountain region are
so successful.
2) He began by taking DNA samples but found that they all had a very different genetic make-up.
3) From this he concluded that there was nothing that could be identified genetically as East African.
4) So he then looked at the East African way of life and found that as Children, 68 percent of all top
Ethiopian or Kenyan runners ran, rather than walked, to school and back home, from the age of five
onwards.
5) He tested those children and found that their bodies processed oxygen more efficiently than many
adult elite athletes in Britain.
101. Piano (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Piano keys are generally made of spruce or basswood, for lightness.
2) Spruce is normally used in high-quality pianos.
3) Traditionally, the black keys were made from ebony and the white keys were covered with strips of
ivory, but since ivory-yielding species are now endangered and protected by treaty, plastics are now
almost exclusively used.
4) Also, ivory tends to chip more easily than plastic.
102. Douglas DC-1 (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) During the 1920s and 1930s great progress was made in the field of aviation, including the first
transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown in 1919, Charles Lindbergh's solo transatlantic flight in 1927,
and Charles Kingsford Smith's transpacific flight the following year.
2) One of the most successful designs of this period was the Douglas DC-1, which became the first
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airliner to be profitable carrying passengers exclusively, starting the modern era of passenger airline
service.
3) By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built airports, and there were numerous
qualified pilots available.
4) The war brought many innovations to aviation, including the first jet aircraft and the first liquid-
fueled rockets.
103. Common Mistake (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A common mistake is to ignore or rule out data which do not support the hypothesis.
2) Ideally, the experimenter is open to the possibility that the hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
3) Sometimes, however, a scientist may have a strong belief that the hypothesis is true (or false), or
feels internal or external pressure to get a specific result.
4) In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to find "something wrong", such as systematic
effects, with data which do not support the scientist's expectations, while data which do agree with
those expectations may not be checked as carefully.
5) The lesson is that all data must be handled in the same way.
104. London Underground (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) For as long as I can remember, there has been a map in the ticket hall of Piccadilly Circus tube
station supposedly showing night and day across the time zones of the world.
2) This is somewhat surprising given the London Underground's historic difficultly in grasping the
concept of punctuality.
3) But this map has always fascinated me, and still does, even though it now seems very primitive.
4) This is because it chops the world up equally by longitude, without regard the reality of either
political divisions or the changing seasons.
105. Foreign Aid (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) By the beginning in the 1990s, foreign aid had begun to slowly improve.
2) Scrutiny by the news media shamed many developed countries into curbing their bad practices.
3) Today, the projects of organizations like the World Bank are meticulously inspected by watchdog
groups.
4) Although the system is far from perfect, it is certainly more transparent than it was when foreign
aid routinely helped ruthless dictators stay in power.
106. Memory Loss (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his memory.
2) Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn’t have the
foggiest idea.
3) Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get
something to eat.
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4) Studies of this man led scientists to a breakthrough: the part of our brains where habits are stored
has nothing to do with memory or reason.
5) It offered proof of what the US psychologist William James noticed more than a century ago that
humans 'are mere walking bundles of habits' .
107. Cash Transactions (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Cash transactions offer both privacy and anonymity as it does not contain information that can be
used to identify the parties nor the transaction history.
2) Moreover, money is worth what it is because we have come to accept it.
3) The whole structure of traditional money is built on faith and so will electronic money have to be.
4) Electronic transactions are happening in closed group networks and Internet. Electronic commerce
is one of the most important aspects of Internet to emerge.
5) To support e-commerce, we need effective payment systems and secure communication channels
and data integrity.
108. Mother of Storms (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Unlike Barnes' previous books, Mother of Storms has a fairly large cast of viewpoint characters.
2) This usually irritates me, but I didn't mind it here, and their interactions are well-handled and
informative, although occasionally in moving those about the author's manipulations are a bit blatant.
(Especially when one character's ex-girlfriend, who has just undergone a sudden and not entirely
credible change in personality, is swept up by a Plot Device in Shining Armor and transported directly
across most of Mexico and a good bit of the States to where she happens to bump into another
viewpoint character.)
3) They're not all necessarily good guys, either, although with the hurricanes wreaking wholesale
destruction upon the world's coastal areas, ethical categories tend to become irrelevant.
4) But even the Evil American Corporate Magnate is a pretty likable guy.
109. Green Tea (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In May 2006, researchers at Yale University School of Medicine weighed in on the issue with a
review article that looked at more than 300 studies on the health benefits of green tea.
2) They pointed to what they called an "Asian paradox," which refers to lower rates of heart disease
and cancer in Asia despite high rates of cigarette smoking.
3) They theorized that the 1.2 liters of green tea that is consumed by many Asians each day provides
high levels of polyphenols and other antioxidants.
4) These compounds may work in several ways to improve cardiovascular health.
5) Specifically, green tea may prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol (the “bad” type), which, in turn,
can reduce the buildup of plaque in arteries, the researchers wrote.
110. Literacy Project (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A University of Canberra student has launched the nation’s first father-led literacy project, to
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encourage fathers to become more involved in their children’s literacy.

2) Julia Bocking's Literacy and Dads (LADS) project aims to increase the number of fathers
participating as literacy helpers in K-1 school reading programs at Queanbeyan Primary Schools.
3) “There's no program like this in Australia,” Ms Bocking said, who devised the project as the final
component of her community education degree at the University.
4) Having worked as a literacy tutor with teenagers, Ms Bocking saw the need for good attitudes
towards reading to be formed early on - with the help of more male role models.
111. Immigrant Impact (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In the early years of the twenty-first century the impact of immigrants on the welfare state has
become a staple of discussion among policy makers and politicians.
2) It is also a recurrent theme in the press, from the highbrow pages of Prospect to the populism of
the Daily Mail.
3) Inevitably, these discussions focus on present-day dilemmas.
4) But the issues themselves are not new and have historical roots that go much deeper than have
been acknowledged.
112. Language Skills (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It is wrong to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive skills, because
language stands apart in several ways.
2) For one thing, the use of language is universal—all normally developing children learn to speak at
least one language, and many learn more than one.
3) By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few people learn
to paint well, and many people cannot carry a tune.
4) Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to be
simple.
5) But just the opposite is true—language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive abilities.
113. Date Line (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) International Date Line, imaginary line on the earth's surface, generally following the 380° meridian
of longitude , where, by international agreement, travelers change dates.
2) The date line is necessary to avoid a confusion that would otherwise result.
3) For example, if an airplane were to travel westward with the sun, 24 hr would elapse as it circled
the globe, but it would still be the same day for those in the airplane while it would be one day later for
those on the ground below them.
4) The same problem would arise if two travelers journeyed in opposite directions to a point on the
opposite side of the earth, 180° of longitude distant.
5) The apparent paradox is resolved by requiring that the traveler crossing the date line change his
date, thus bringing the travelers into agreement when they meet.
114. Pilot (Prediction)
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Correct Order:
1) After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot of an
airmail route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.
2) He flew the mail in a de Havilland DH-4 biplane to Springfield, Peoria and Chicago, Illinois.
3) During his tenure on the mail route, he was renowned for delivering the mail under any
circumstances.
4) After a crash, he even salvaged stashes of mail from his burning aircraft and immediately phoned
Alexander Varney, Peoria's airport manager, to advise him to send a truck.
115. Sepahua (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Sephua, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru's Amazon jungle, nestles in a pocket on the map
where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba.
2) That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between four natural
reserves, all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town. “Boundaries are on maps,” says a local
logger, “maps are only in Lima,” the capital.
3) In 2001 the government, egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate logging in the relatively
small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed.
4) It abolished the previous system of annual contracts.
5) Instead, it auctioned 40- year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with the right to log 4% of
the area each year. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable extraction.
116. Blog Entry (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) When Vijay Govindarajan and Christian Sarkar wrote a blog entry on Harvard Business Review in
August 2010 mooting the idea of a "$300- house for the poor", they were merely expressing a
suggestion.
2) Of course, the idea we present here is an experiment," wrote Prof Govindarajan, a professor of
international business at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth and Mr Sarkar, a marketing
consultant who works on environmental issues an almost apologetic disclaimer for having such a "far-
out" idea.
3) Who could create a house for $300 and if it was possible, why hadn't it been done before?
4) Nonetheless, they closed their blog with a challenge: "We ask chief executives, governments,
NGOs, foundations: Are there any takers?"
117. Multidisciplinary activity (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) University of Otago Center of International Health co-directors Professor Philip Hill and Professor
John Crump share a view that global health is a multidisciplinary activity.
2) In their work - from Tanzania to the Gambia, from Myanmar to Indonesia and beyond -they tap into
a wide range of expertise from across the University, including clinicians, microbiologists and molecular
microbiologists, public health experts, economists and mathematicians.
3) They have also forged relationships and collaborations with research and aid agencies around the
world.
4) For the past seven years Professor Philip Hill has been part of a collaborative tuberculosis research
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project in Indonesia, with the University of Padjadjaran in Bandung, West Java, undertakin Euro ean
Commission- Java, undertaking European Commission- funded research into the causative links
between infectious and non-communicable diseases in this case tuberculosis (T B) and diabetes
mellitus.
118. Motivation (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The job of a manger in the workplace is to get things done through the employees.
2) In order to do this , the manager should be able to motivate its employees.
3) However, this easier said than done.
4) Motivation practice and theory are difficult, complex subjects touching on several disciplines .
119. Summer School (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) The Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering will be holding the eleventh neutron summer school at
Chalk River on May 8- 13, 2011.
2) The aim of the school is to cover a wide range of topics associated with thermal neutron scattering,
including powder diffraction, stress analysis, texture, reflectometry, and small-angle neutron scattering
together with the underlying theory associated with neutron scattering.
3) The theory will be presented in a way that should be understood by people in any of these fields.
4) For more information, see the Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering’s Neutron Summer School.
120. Private-equity (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Take an underperforming company
2) Add some generous helping of debt, a few spoonful of management incentives and trim all the fat.
3) Leave to cook for five years and you have a feast of profits.
4) That has been the recipe for private-equity groups during the past 200 years.
121. Game (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigued by games, and not just as
a way of avoiding work.
2) Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the design of cleverer machines,
such as pattern recognition, learning and planning.
3) They also hold out the tantalising possibility of fame and fortune should the program ever clobber a
human champion.
4) Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over
Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate
that particular game.
5) Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front.
122. Monash Abroad Program (Prediction)
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Correct Order:
1) Mechanical engineering student Ne Tan is spending the first semester of this year studying at the
University of California, Berkeley as part of the Monash Abroad program.
2) Ne (Tan), an international student from Shanghai, China, began her Monash journey at Monash
College in October 2006.
3) There she completed a diploma that enabled her to enter Monash University as a second-year
student.
4) Now in her third year of study, the Monash Abroad program will see her complete four units of
study in the US before returning to Australia in May 2009.
123. Tutorial (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Many students sit in a tutorial week after week without saying anything.
2) Why is that?
3) Maybe they do not know the purpose of a tutorial.
4) They think it is like a small lecture where the tutor gives them information.
5) Even if students do know what a tutorial is for, there can be other reasons why they keep quiet.
124. Jet Stream (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Jet stream, narrow, swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging from 7 to 8 mi (11.3–12.9
km) above the surface of the earth.
2) They are caused by great temperature differences between adjacent air masses. There are four
major jet streams.
3) Instead of moving along a straight line, the jet stream flows in a wavelike fashion; the waves
propagate eastward (in the Northern Hemisphere) at speeds considerably slower than the wind speed
itself.
4) Since the progress of an airplane is aided or impeded depending on whether tail winds or head
winds are encountered.
5) In the Northern Hemisphere the jet stream is sought by eastbound aircraft, in order to gain speed
and save fuel, and avoided by westbound aircraft.
125. Mittal (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) It was taken over by Mittal, a Dutch-registered company run from London by its biggest single
shareholder, Lakshmi Mittal, an Indian who started his first business in Indonesia.
2) The takeover battle raged for six months before Arcelor’s bosses finally listened to shareholders
who wanted the board to accept Mittal's third offer.
3) The story tells us two things about European business, both positive.
4) First, shareholder activism is increasing in a continent where until recently it was depressingly rare.
5) Second, and more important, the Arcelor Mittal deal demonstrates Europe’s deepening integration
into the global economy.
126. Indian IT (Prediction)
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Correct Order:
1) Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills, says Arun Maria,
chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India.
2) Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to provide
services in a more cost-effective way.
3) This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research.
4) He suggests the country’s computer services industry can simply outsource research to foreign
universities if the capability is not available locally.
5) “This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce them
myself” says Mr. Maria.
127. Competence and Performance (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In language learning, there is a distinction between competence and performance. Competence is a
state of the speaker's mind. What does he or she know?
2) Separate from actual performance- what he or she does while producing or comprehending
language. In other words, competence is put to use through performance.
3) An analogy can be made to the Highway Code for driving. Drivers know the Code and have indeed
been tested on it to obtain a driving license.
4) In actual driving, however, the driver has to relate the Code to a continuous flow of changing
circumstances, and may even break it from time to time.
5) Knowing the Highway Code is not the same as driving.
128. George Marshall (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) In his fascinating book Carbon Detox, George Marshall argues that people are not persuaded by
information.
2) Our view is formed by the views of people with whom we mix.
3) Of the narratives that might penetrate these circles, we are more likely to listen to those that offer
us some reward.
4) He proposes that instead of arguing for sacrifice, environmentalists should show where the rewards
might lie: that understanding what the science is saying and planning accordingly is the smart thing to
do, which will protect your interests more effectively than flinging abuse at scientists.
5) We should emphasize the old-fashioned virtues of uniting in the face of a crisis, of resourcefulness
and community action.
129. Reading (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Humans appear to be the only species which is able to translate their communication into another
medium, and in this case the medium provides a semi-durable record of the elements of the
communication.
2) So reading is a very special ability that we have.
3) Reading also is special because, unlike language, most children have to be taught to read, write and
spell.
4) So though we may be predisposed to being able to read and usually have the abilities necessary to
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master reading, it is something that most of us only accomplish through the direct help of others.
130. Greener technologies (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Engineers are much needed to develop greener technologies.
2) The energy sector has a fantastic skills shortage at all levels, both now and looming over it for the
next 10 years.
3) Not only are there some good career opportunities, but there's a lot of money going into the
research side, too.
4) With the pressures of climate change and the energy gap, in the last few years funding from the
research councils has probably doubled .
131. Mission (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Early in 1938, Mario de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, dispatched a four-
member Folklore Research Mission to the northeastern hinterlands of Brazil on a similar mission.
2) The intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, before encroaching
influences like radio and cinema began transforming the region’s distinctive culture.
3) They recorded whoever and whatever seemed to be interesting: piano carriers, cowboys, beggars,
voodoo priests, quarry workers, fishermen, dance troupes and even children at play.
4) But the Brazilian mission’s collection ended up languishing in vaults here.
132. Elephant and Bee (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Earlier this year, researchers from Duke University went to Gabon to monitor that country's
dwindling elephant population. They took along three drones, which they planned to use to count the
elephants, follow their herds, and map their migrations.
2) Only things didn't exactly go as planned.
3) The elephants noticed the drones, which hovered anywhere from 25 feet to 300 feet above them.
And it wasn’t just that the elephants noticed them; in many cases, the elephants were clearly
agitated. Some of them took off running. In at least one case, an elephant used her trunk to hurl mud
in the drone's direction. "She had her baby with her,55 said Missy Cummings, the director of Duke's
Robotics Lab.
4) The elephants reacted so strongly, the researchers believe, because drones, it turns out, sound a
lot like bees. And elephants do not like bees. At all.
133. Earthquake (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were awakened by an earthquake that
would devastate the city.
2) The main temblor, having a 7.7-7.9 magnitude, lasted about one minute and was the result of the
rupturing of the northernmost 296 miles of the 800-mile San Andreas fault.
3) But when calculating destruction, the earthquake took second place to the great fire that followed.
4) The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines (and, in some cases, was helped
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along by people hoping to collect insurance for their property—they were covered for fire, but not
earthquake, damage).
134. Speaking English (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or academia (but possibly not
sport) needs to be able to speak English to a pretty high level.
2) Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high achievers needs to know
how to talk without baffling them.
3) Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea how difficult it is to
master another language.
4) Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and informal.
5) This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial expressions, it makes
comprehension harder.
135. Bias (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) Although experts like journalists are expected to be unbiased they invariably share the system
biases of the disciplines and cultures in which they work.
2) Journalists try to be fair and objective by presenting all sides of a particular issue.
3) Practically speaking, however, it is about as easy to present all sides of an issue as it is to invite
candidates from all political parties to a presidential debate.
4) Some perspectives ultimately are not included.
136. Study abroad (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) All over the world students are changing countries for their university studies.
2) They don't all have the same reasons for going or for choosing a particular place to study.
3) They may choose a university because of its interesting courses or perhaps because they like the
country and its language.
4) Some students go overseas because they love travel.
5) Whatever the reason, thousands of students each year make their dreams of a university education
come true.
137. Exploratory Urge (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial than others.
2) It depends on how specialized they have become during the course of evolution.
3) If they have put all their effort into the perfection of one survival trick, they do not bother so much
with the general complexities of the world around them.
4) So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum leaves, then they are satisfied
and the living is easy.
5) The non-specialists, however, the opportunities of the animal world, can never afford to relax.
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138. Pilot (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) After World War II, especially in North America, there was a boom in general aviation, both private
and commercial, as thousands of pilots were released from military service and much inexpensive
war-surplus transport and training aircraft became available.
2) Manufacturers such as Cessna, Piper, and Beechcraft expanded production to provide light aircraft
for the new middle-class market.
3) By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the
first widely used passenger jet was the Boeing 707 because it was much more economical than other
aircraft at that time.
4) At the same time, turboprop propulsion began to appear for smaller commuter planes, making it
possible to serve small-volume routes in a much wider range of weather conditions.
139. Humanities (Prediction)

Correct Order:
1) A requirement of Humanities 104 is to write a persuasive paper on a topic of your choice.
2) The topic you choose should be supported by a range of sources.
3) The source should be cited under APA guidelines, and the final draft should be written in APA
styles.
4) The final draft is due one week before the final exam.
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Fill in the Blanks (Reading)

Repeat Rate: 22%
1. Agricultural Investment (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About financial investment in agriculture. Options: development, insurance, comparison,
efficient
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #402)
2. Mathematics and Science (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Mathematics and science are both (broad) disciplines; …… (participation) at home, ………
(obtaining) job opportunities;...
3. Empathy (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About empathy. Options: insight, relationships, issues
4. Salt (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About adding salt to foods. Blanks: add; taste; ...
5. Bumble Bees (Prediction)

According to a research conducted by Cambridge University, flowers can find their own ways to
attract insects to help them pollinate. Flowers will release an irresistible smell. A scientist and
her colleagues did an experiment in which they use fake flowers to attract bees and insects. In their
experiments, they feed many bumblebees from their origins repeatedly and got the same results.
Options:
origins, irresistible, subjects, colleagues, orchestral
6. A Letter (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A letter from a mother to school officials. Because her son was (sick) at home and she
explained his illness to them saying she did not want his son to spread the (disease) to other children.
She hoped that the authorities would be able to pass on lessons to his son during this period.
7. Credit Cards (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About credit cards. ...credit cards an ( ) increase... in the past few years... used credit cards
（）purchases, such as furniture, now with ( ), credit cards are used to buy anything. Options:
available, enormous, major, distributed
8. New Ideas (Prediction)

First, new ideas are the wheels of progress. Without them, stagnation reigns . Whether you're a
designer dreaming of another world, an engineer working on a new kind of structure,
an executive charged with developing a fresh business concept, an advertiser seeking a breakthrough
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way to sell your product, a fifth-grade teacher trying to plan a memorable school assembly program,
or a volunteer looking for a new way to sell the same old raffle tickets, your ability to generate good
ideas is critical to your success.
Options:
rise, assembly, changes, reigns, generate, engineer, executive
9. Textile Industry (Prediction)

The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third of the water
used worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth produced , 200 tons of water is
polluted with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity powers
the factories that card and comb, spin and weave, and cut and stitch materials into everything from
T-shirts to towels, leaving behind mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint. "Where
the industry is today is not really sustainable for the long term," says Shreyaskar Chaudhary, chief
executive of Pratibha Syntex, a textile manufacturer based outside Indore, India. With something of an
"if you build it, they will come" attitude, Mr.Chaudhary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge of
eco-friendly textile production. Under his direction, Pratibha began making clothes with organic cotton
in 1999. Initially, the company couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central India
to supply its factories. To meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to convince conventional
cotton farmers to change their growing methods. Pratibha provided seeds, cultivation instruction, and
a guarantee of fairtrade prices for their crops. Today, Pratibha has a network of 28,000 organic cotton
growers across the central states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa.
Options:
leaving, supply, toward, off, designed, produced, lagging, fund
10. Cultural Ideas (Prediction)

People modify cultural ideas in their minds, and sometimes they pass on the modified versions.
Inevitably, there are unintentional modifications as well, partly because of straightforward error, and
partly because inexplicit ideas are hard to convey accurately: there is no way to download them
directly from one brain to another like computer programs. even native speakers of a language will not
give identical definitions of every word. So it can be only rarely, if ever , that two people hold precisely
the same cultural idea in their minds. That is why, when the founder of a political or philosophical
movement or a religion dies, or even before, schisms typically happen. The movement's most devoted
followers are often shocked to discover that they disagree about what its doctrines really are.
Options:
articulate, convey, ever, convert, identical, even, discover, deny
11. Green Spaces (Prediction)

Green spaces contribute significantly to a reduction of soil and aerial temperatures during spells of hot
weather, so contributing to human wellbeing. In the garden context , there is, however, little
information as to what extent various types of plants differ in their cooling potential and how certain
planting combinations may maximise cooling under a scenario of low rainfall and minimal water inputs.
Options:
addition, focus, background, low, differ, context, high, reduction
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12. Fossil Fuel (Prediction)

But look beyond fossil fuels for the most intriguing trends. One is that the energy intensity of the world
economy -- the amount of energy it takes to produce one dollar's worth of income -- keeps falling,
at a rate of about 2 percent. What this means is that even without any change in the relative shares
of fossil-based and fossil-free sources in the world's energy mix, we could have 2 percent annual
economic growth without increasing carbon emissions from energy use. Of course that is not enough
to address climate change and we need more economic growth than that. It is nonetheless a stunning
number, which refutes the claim by some environmentalists that permanent economic growth is
fundamentally incompatible with finite physical resources.
Options:
nonetheless, address, irrelevant, outcome, merge, income, relative, however, with, by
13. UN (Prediction)
Founded after World War II by 51 "peace-loving states" combined to oppose future aggression, the
United Nations now counts 192 member nations, including its newest members, Nauru, Kiribati, and
Tonga in 1999, Tuvalu and Yugoslavia in 2000, Switzerland and East Timor in 2002, and Montenegro in
2006. United Nations Day has been observed on October 24 since 1948 and celebrates the objectives
and accomplishments of the organization, which was established on October 24, 1945. The
UN engages in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions across the globe. Though some say
its influence has declined in recent decades, the United Nations still plays a tremendous role in world
politics. In 2001 the United Nations and Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General of the UN, won the Nobel
Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world." Since 1948 there have
been 63 UN peacekeeping operations, 16 are currently underway. Thus far, close to 130 nations have
contributed personnel at various times; 119 are currently providing peacekeepers. As of August 31,
2008, there were 16 peacekeeping operations underway with a total of 88,230 personnel. The small
island nation of Fiji has taken part in virtually every UN peacekeeping operation, as has Canada.
Options:
observed, trades, engages, except, watched, influence, including, treatment
14. Education and Well-being (Prediction)

Education and well-being have often been associated . The idea that education can promote
individual well-being indirectly, by improving earnings and promoting social mobility, is an old one; so
are notions of education helping to promote the good society by contributing to economic growth and
equality of opportunity.
Options:
local, improving, resorting, associated, demonstrating, social, contributing, discriminated
15. Ponzi Scheme (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A short paragraph about Ponzi scheme with three lines and four blanks. Ponzi is (infamous)...
His original scheme was based on the legitimate arbitrage of international reply coupons for (postage)
stamps, but he soon began diverting new investors' money to make (payments) to earlier investors and
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to himself. Options: carton, fiasco, interest

16. Fingerprints (Prediction)

Fingerprints, referred to as 'fingermarks' in forensics, are formed when residue from the ridged skin of
the fingers or palms is transferred onto a surface, leaving behind an impression. Fingermarks are often
made of sweat and colorless contaminating materials such as soap, moisturizer and grease. These
fingermarks are described as 'latent' as they are generally invisible to the naked eye, which means
that locating them at a crime scene can be challenging.
Options:
purging, contaminating, locating, deleting, transferred
17. Electric Eels (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About electric eels. ...prey...South American (hunters)...head...(tail)...(current) Options:
partners, wave

Points: 第⼀个空 political() 第⼆个空 teacher... forum for() and for discussion... 第三个空 which()
students want to live in... 第四个空最后⼀句 There is so much () in university for students...interests...
备选项: agreement/ parties/societies/ ideals/debate/ opportunity/ 可能还有⼀个备选项
19. Melting Ice (Prediction)

At the end of the last ice age, the melting ice disrupted the ocean currents in the North Atlantic
and caused a drop in temperature of almost 5 degrees. Even though the rest of the planet was
warming up ,the North Atlantic region remained in a cold period for 1300 years. The same thing
happened around 8000 years ago, when the cooling lasted about a hundred years, and it could happen
again today. Even a short period of cooling in the North Atlantic could have a dramatic effect on the
wildlife, and the human populations, living there.
Options:
forwent, up, never, caused, could, around
20. Effective Leaders (Prediction)

In search of lessons to apply in our own careers, we often try to emulate what effective leaders do.
Roger Martin says this focus is misplaced, because moves that work in one context may make little
sense in another. A more productive, though more difficult, approach is to look at how such
leaders think . After extensive interviews with more than 50 of them, the author discovered that most
are integrative thinkers -that is, they can hold in their heads two opposing ideas at once and then
come up with a new idea that contains elements of each but is superior to both.
Options:
integrative, disdain, emulate, either, each, appoint, show, apply, think, communal
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21. Rudman (Prediction)

Rudman looks at how a poor understanding of Maths has led historians to false conclusions about the
Mathematical sophistication of early societies. Rudman's final observation-that ancient
Greece enjoyed unrivaled progress in the subject while failing to teach it at school-leads to
a radical punchline: Mathematics could be better learnt after we leave school.
Options:
rational, leave, radical, belittled, attend, enjoyed, failing, falling
22. Statistical Theory (Prediction)

Social reforms are normally initiated as a result of statistical analyses of factors such as crime rates
and poverty levels etc. Large-scale population can result from projections devised by statisticians.
Manufacturers can provide better products at lower costs by using statistical control tools, such as
control charts. Diseases are controlled through analyses designed to anticipate epidemics. Endangered
species of fish and other wildlife are protected through regulations and laws that react to statistical
estimates of changing population sizes. And, through statistical analysis of fatality rates, legislators
can better justify laws, such as those governing air pollution, auto inspections, seat belt and airbag
use, and drunk driving.
Options:
through, using, initiated, changed, though, entailing, such
23. Sydney (Prediction)

Sydney is becoming effective in making the best of its limited available unconstrained land. Sydney is
suitable for integrating suitable business, office, residential, retail and other development in accessible
locations so as to maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling. Also this
city can reduce the consumption of land for housing and associated urban development on the urban
fringe. For the proposed mixed business, mixed use and business park areas, there was no
employment data available for comparable areas. It is also concluded that lack of housing supply will
affect affordability in Sydney.
Options:
consumption, patronage, comparable, alternative, expectation, affordability, contemporary
24. Holy Grail (Prediction)

It's interesting that in our minds, we keep thinking of the vaccine discovery like it's the Holy Grail. But
there are a couple of shortcuts here that I'd like to unpack. I'm not a doctor, I'm just a consultant . My
clients focus on health care — biopharma companies, providers, global health institutions — and
they've educated me. We need to find the tools to fight COVID, and we need to make
them accessible to all.
Options:
resident, valuable, stipulations, vacuum, accessible, institutions, vaccine, consultant
25. Financial Markets (Prediction)

Financial markets swung wildly yesterday in the frenzied trading market by further selling
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of equities and fears about an unraveling of the global carry trade. At the same time, trading in the US
and European credit markets were exceptionally heavy for a third consecutive day. London trading was
marked by particularly wild swings in the prices of credit derivatives, used to ensure investors
against corporate defaults.
Options:
flops, swings, corporate, equities, quotations, dull, heavy, corpus
26. Latino Vote (Prediction)

Much has been said of the Latino vote in this election, which is something I know a little bit about,
having been working obsessively over it for the last 16 years. Latinos are the fastest-
growing demographic , with the largest voter registration cap in America. A Latino youth turns 18 every
30 seconds. While the mode for whites in America is 58, the mode for Latinx is 11 years old. You heard
that right. And it's these new voters and the youth who are translating America for their
immigrant families who are leading the charge for audacious change.
Options:
audacious, demographic, obsessively, frustratedly, families, demonstration
27. Active Learning Classrooms (Prediction)

Active learning classrooms (ALCs) are student-centered, technology-rich classrooms. They are easily
identified with their large circular tables and movable seating designed to improve
student engagement in class. Typically, each table is accompanied by a whiteboard and flat-screen
monitor to display student work and larger rooms frequently have miniature bulb and microphones and
at each table. In this way, students are able to signal if they have questions or want to speak to
the entire room.
Options:
sign, circular, entire, engagement, partly, signal, arrangement, square
28. Helping Others (Prediction)

There are many different ways to help other people. Perhaps the most common of these involves
giving others practical help. In our society, there are many individuals who spontaneously help others in
this way. Additionally, there are others who belong to organisations which have been set up to provide
help to specific groups, such as the elderly, the disabled, and those with serious physical
or mental health problems. Most importantly, there are many occupations ,such as nursing,
occupational therapy and social work, which involve professionals who are trained to provide or
organise practical help for others. And, while helping other people in a practical way, many volunteer
and professional helpers also make use of some counselling skills. These skills can be very useful in
enabling people to feel better as described in this book and our book, Counselling Skills in Everyday
Life. However, it needs to be recognized that just being able to make use of some counselling skills
does not qualify a person as a counsellor.
Options:
while, practical, despite, recognized, pompous, factors, denied, occupations, mental
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29. Sandra Lousada (Prediction)

London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year career of photographer Sandra
Lousada. The twenty one portraits on display depict key figures in literature, film and fashion from the
early 1960s. Subsequent to the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at The National
Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which feature in Lousada's
book Public Faces Private Places (2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside behind
the scenes photographs taken on films sets and unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.
Options:
sets, elements, status, career, figures
30. Management (Prediction)

Event management is particularly challenging from an operational viewpoint. In many cases, events are
staged on sites where everything has been set up over a 24-hour period, with all elements
carefully synchronised .In contrast, many events are years in the planning: large convention bids are
often won five years before the event is held. For the very competitive bidding process, budgets need
to be developed and prices quoted, requiring a good understanding of market, economic and political
trends, as well as consumer choices. This long-term view is the basis of strategic management, which
is covered in Part 1, and focuses on the event concept, feasibility of the event, legal compliance and
financial management. Marketing is a critical success factor and other important topic of this first
section, many events (sporting, cultural and arts) involving long-term sponsorship arrangements with
key industry players. Relationship building is particularly challenging since there are so many
stakeholders involved in events, including government agencies at many levels. Part 1 will look at all
these aspects, including strategic risk, before moving on to the second part where operational
planning and implementation will be covered in detail.
Options:
success, challenging, repetitive, feasible, assimilated, alignments, overall, competitive, synchronised,
arrangements
31. Carbon Prices (Prediction)

Carbon prices in the European Union also reached their highest level in a decade this summer
following a series of reforms meant to limit the oversupply of credits and expand many industries
subjected to the cap. The biggest development of all may be in China, the world's largest greenhouse
gas emitter, which has taken steps toward its own emissions trading program. China's move has
the potential to narrow the gap between global carbon prices and climate costs to 63 percent in the
early 2020s, OECD found.
Options:
missions, reforms, potential, emissions, points, revolutions, credits
32. Plasmonic Materials (Prediction)

One of the best studied applications of plasmonic materials is sensors for detecting chemical and
biological agents. In one approach, researchers coat a plasmonic nanomaterial with a substance
that binds to a molecule of interest--say, a bacterial toxin. In the absence of the toxin, light shining
on the material is reemitted at a specific angle. But if the toxin is present, it will alter the frequency of
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the surface plasmon and, thus consequently, the angle of the reflected light. This effect can be
measured with great accuracy, enabling to even trace amounts of the toxin.
Options:
rejected, sorting, enabling, reemitted, revolves, detecting, binds
33. London Zoo (Prediction)

It was a busy old time at London Zoo this week, reports the Daily Mail, where over 19,000 animals were
having their annual weight and height checked . Some creatures, such as rhinos, tigers, and okapis,
had to be coaxed on to specially constructed larger scales. The statistics are shared with other zoos
across the world to allow keepers to compare information about endangered species. The zoological
manager named Mark Habben said: "We have to know the vital statistics of each animal at the zoo,
however big or small."
Options:
values, checked, enlarged, statistics, dismissed, coaxed, endangered, developed
34. Medical Jargon (Prediction)

British doctors have been urged to use simple language when communicating with their patients, says
the BBC. The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges says very often correspondence contains complex
medical jargon rather than plain and simple English. Using of phrase "twice daily" to explain
the dosing of a medicine is better than Latin abbreviation "bd". The Please Write to Me initiative is
aimed basically at doctors working in outpatient clinics, although it is the best practice for all clinicians
who need to write clinical letters and they are being asked to write directly to patients, rather than
sending them a copy of a letter penned to their GP. The Academy suggests any medical words should
be translated in plain English.
Options:
covered, outpatient, condemned, penned, urged, supposed, dosing, translated, dubbing
35. Trees (Prediction)

Trees may have a lot to teach us about being part of a community and how co-operation is better for
a society than competition . Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all works, but we
now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other.
So, strong trees in a very good position will supply food and water to weaker trees that receive less
sunlight. They do this through their roots, the soil and also the networks of the tiny fungi that grow in
the soil among them.
Options:
community, strong, grown, through, share, despite, competition, contentment
36. Father in Family (Prediction)

With the increase in women's participation in the labour force, many mothers have less
time available to undertake domestic activities. At the same time, there has been
increasing recognition that the father's relationship with a child is important. A father can have
many roles in the family, ranging from income provider to teacher, carer, and playmate. Therefore,
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balancing paid work and family responsibilities can be an important issue for both fathers and mothers
in families.
Options:
relationship, efficient, roles, separation, shares, participation, recognition, available
37. Chemistry (Prediction)

Chemistry is an extremely important topic in physiology. Most physiological processes occur as
the result of chemical changes that occur within the body. These changes include the influx/efflux of
ions across a neuron's membrane, causing a signal to pass from one end to the other. Other examples
include the storage of oxygen in the blood by a protein as it passes through the lungs
for usage throughout the body.
Options:
result, prerequisite, situation, signal, usage, storage
38. Leading Business Schools (Prediction)

In an attempt to lure new students, leading business schools - including Harvard, Stanford, the
University of Chicago and Wharton - have moved away from the unofficial admissions
and prerequisite of four years' work experience and instead have set their sights on recent college
graduates and so-called early career professionals with only a couple years of work under their belt.
Options:
professionals, conclusion, instead, lure, juveniles, thus, prerequisite, check
39. Air Balloons (Prediction)

In the past before the discovery of aeroplanes, people used to travel using hot air balloons. Although it
was not a very safe option in the beginning, it was efficient means of transport. There were no roads
or quickest means of travel for people so they took a risk of traversing in the air using this heated air
vessel. Helium and hydrogen were used later on as an improvement to the earlier design. The
structure was very aerodynamic and it works on the principle of displacement of air. Many kinds
of materials were used in the beginning, such as paper, plastic and even animal skin. The discovery of
hot air balloon was accidental as people were traditionally used to flying sky lantern. Nowadays, the
technology is so advanced and it is still used in the remote areas where there are no roads built yet.
Options:
efficient, traversing, earlier, materials, accidental, remote, matter
40. Jury (Prediction)

Serving on a jury is normally compulsory for individuals who are qualified for jury service. A jury
is intended to be an impartial panel capable of reaching a verdict. There are often procedures and
requirements, including a fluent understanding of the language and the opportunity to test juror's
neutrality or otherwise exclude jurors who are perceived as likely to be less than neutral or partial to
one side.
Options:
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qualified, detained, negative, entrances, neutral, intended, procedures

41. Marine Turtles (Prediction)

Of the world's seven remaining species of marine turtles, almost all have been pushed
to endangered levels. Hunting, habitat loss, plastics pollution, climate change, and accidentally being
caught in fishing nets continue to threaten the existence of these large and long-living creatures.
Shell Beach, named after the shells that form its 90-mile extent , is a vital nesting ground for four of
these marine turtle species.
Options:
extinction, endangered, existence, engaged, extent
42. Business Emission (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: There is a need to (disclose) business emission. The (data) of emission can be used to test
which company causes climate change ...... the government (campaigners) and environmental
(invigilators)...
43. Pet (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: People send pet animals to veterinarians, preventing them from infection or illness，research
(found) this structure and content of （approach）examine...by (confuiling？)，but.... options include:
context, found
44. Paris Stage (Prediction)

In the preceding hundred years, Paris had been center stage for political and social movements that
had deeply affected all of Europe. The many ways in which tradition had already been challenged
and shaken during those years helped make it easier for those to achieve a break with tradition art.
Options:
movements, rehearsals, concocted, shaken, overhead, center
45. Weather Predictions (Prediction)

All kinds of predictions may be about to get even more difficult thanks to climate change. Though no
one is sure exactly what its effects will be, it seems that extreme weather conditions, such as storms
and hurricanes, are likely to become more common. Such events have far-reaching effects on distant
weather systems, making general forecasting much harder.
Options:
such as, according to, likely to, thanks to, exactly, rarely
46. Wool Market (Prediction)

The wool market was extremely important to the English medieval economy and wool dominated the
English export trade from the late-thirteenth century to its decline in the late-fifteenth century. Wool
was at the forefront of the establishment of England as a European political and economic power and
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this volume was the first study of the medieval wool market in over 20 years. It investigates in detail
the scale and scope of advance contracts for the sale of wool; the majority of these agreements were
formed between English monasteries and Italian merchants, and the book focuses on the data
contained within them.
Options:
monopolized, contrasts, contracts, dominated, political, increase, bureaucratic, decline
47. Geography (Prediction)

Many famous geographers and non-geographers have attempted to define the discipline in a few
short words. The concept has also changed throughout the ages, making it difficult to create
a concise , universal geography definition for such a dynamic and all-encompassing subject. After all,
Earth is a big place with many facets to study. It affects and is affected by the people who live there
and use its resources . But basically, geography is the study of the surface of Earth and the people
who live there, and all that encompasses.
Options:
concise, facets, complex, resources, surface, options, methods
48. Study of Leadership (Prediction)

Based on collaborative research by Arizona's top business schools, this study of leadership and
company performance uncovers the effects of leadership driven by profits , cost control, and
maintaining market share, versus leadership driven more by balancing employee relations and
development, customer or client needs , and the welfare of the greater community. Together, Mary
Sully de Luque, assistant professor of Management and Research Fellow at Thunderbird School of
Global Management and David Waldman, director of the Center for Responsible Leadership at ASU's
School of Global Management and Leadership, have found that maintaining a specific focus on
earnings in decision making can have negative effects on how a leader is viewed.
Options:
profits, negative effects, client needs, decision making
49. Digital Media (Prediction)

Digital media and the internet have made the sharing of texts, music and images easier than ever, and
the enforcement of copyright restriction harder. This situation has encouraged the growth of IP law,
and prompted increased industrial concentration on extending and 'policing' IP protection, while also
leading to the growth of an 'open access', or 'creative commons' movement which challenges such
control of knowledge and creativity .
Options:
prompted, creativity, postponed, enforcement, advocates, challenges, enactment, conformity
50. Mphil (Prediction)

This MPhil introduces students from a wide variety of academic, business and political backgrounds to
the traditions, methods, and state-of-the-art research that shape an advanced analysis of human
society. The MPhil is an eleven-month course designed for those who wish to go on to do doctoral
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research or equally for those who simply want to improve their understanding of methodology and
analysis and attain an independent postgraduate degree in its own right.
Options:
preferences, equally, introduces, separates, backgrounds, mutually, grudgingly, simply
51. Scientists' Work (Prediction)

Scientists make observations, have assumptions, and do experiments . After these have been done,
they get their results . Then there is a lot of data from scientists. The scientists around the world have
a picture of the world.
Options:
experiments, picture, piece, results, premises, experiences, data
52. E-Learning (Prediction)

E-Learning is the new way forward. We believe passionately in E-Learning. Our innovative approach
opens up new opportunities for busy professionals that simply did not previously exist — the chance to
combine a prestigious Masters programme with a demanding professional and personal life . Our small
virtual classrooms facilitate intensive interaction and collaboration among professionals from all over
the world.
Options:
competitions, opportunities, interaction, passionately, privacy, life, proportionately, chance
53. Folklore (Prediction)

Folklore, a modern term for the body of traditional customs, superstitions , stories, dances, and songs
that have been adopted and maintained within a given community by processes of repetition not
reliant on the written materials.Along with folk songs and folktales, this broad category of cultural
forms embraces all kinds of legends, riddles, jokes, proverbs, games, charms, omens, spells, and
rituals, especially those of pre-literate societies or social classes. Those forms of verbal expression
that are handed on from one generation or locality to the next by word of mouth are said
to constitute an oral tradition .
Options:
consist, regime, body, constitute, community, allegiance, category, word, revolutions, deprivation,
letter, superstitions
54. Factory Outlet (Prediction)

What such a map would have failed to reveal, however, was the changing nature of the connections
put in place by Western firms as they shifted work around the globe. It is often assumed that when
Western firms, or any firms for that matter, reach out across borders to establish a factory outlet
here, an assembly plant there or a subsidiary in some far-off location , they do so through directly
investing and thereby wholly owning such facilities. In the 1970s and 1980s, among the low-cost
manufacturing overseas operations, this was indeed often the case, but increasingly Western firms
started to conduct their business at-a-distance through a variety of indirect means, of which
subcontracting became the principal arrangement .
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Options:
borders, extent, submission, location, arrangement, service
55. Human Nature (Prediction)

Modern developments in areas such as neuroscience, artificial intelligence and evolutionary psychology
have resulted in new ways of thinking about human nature. Can we explain the mind and
consciousness in terms of brain function? Can we understand modern human behavior as our
evolutionary heritage? Is science even the right place to start if we want to understand human nature?
Come along the Great Debate, hear the arguments and have your say .
Options:
place, beliefs, extent, ways, terms, say, end
56. Suez Canal (Prediction)

Britain became the largest shareholder in the canal in 1875, purchasing its interest from the Egyptian
khedive. The Convention of Constantinople signed by the major European powers in 1888 keeps it
open for free passage to all nations in time of peace or war. Britain became the guarantor of the
canal's neutrality and management was left to the Paris-based Suez Canal Co.
Options:
guarantor, kingdom, tariff, shareholder, passage, solicitor
57. Secondary School (Prediction)

Secondary school can be a lonely place for adolescents who don't have a best friend or a group
of trusted friends. Young people will be more skilled in the art of making genuine friends (and keeping
them) if they know how to be assertive , are optimistic about life, have some basic social skills and
have a relationship with a parent/carer that includes honest talk.
Options:
assertive, grown-ups, assumptive, adolescents, apathetic, trusted, honest, royal, basic
58. Siblings (Prediction)

No two siblings are the same, not even identical twins. Parents often puzzle about why their children
are so different from one another. They'll say, I brought them up all the same. They forget that
what determines our behaviour isn't what happens to us but how we interpret what happens to us, and
no two people ever see anything in exactly the same way.
Options:
circumscribes, interpret, identical, fancy, identifiable, puzzle, brought, fuss, built, determines

Charles Darwin knew intuitively that tropical forests were places of tremendous intricacy and energy.
He and his cohort of scientific naturalists were awed by the beauty of the Neotropics, where they
collected tens of thousands of species new to science. But they couldn't have guessed at the
complete contents of the rainforest, and they had no idea of its value to humankind.
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Options:
tremendous, awed, fathomable, deterred, species, appreciation, skeletons, value
60. Eutrophication (Prediction)

Eutrophication is a process when bodies of water accumulate to a high nutrient level due to extensive
fertilizer in the soil. The water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce
excessive growth of algae and other aquatic species which may deplete minerals in the water, thus
endanger other species.
Options:
reach, deplete, accumulate, destroy, maximize, algae, pesticide
61. Medicare (Prediction)

It is understandable that the government would look outside of Medicare to get the efficiency-
related changes it wants . If Medicare was capable of delivering those things, it would
have already done so. Finding another organisation that can deliver these services at a reduced cost
with increased functionality, especially to the consumer of these services, makes absolute sense.The
objections to making such a move will be about the potential loss of jobs from Medicare. Given how
labour-intensive the current system is, this will be a genuine concern, but one that is facing all
industries dealing with modernisation through improved technology.
Options:
budgets, wants, changes, jobs, consistency, already, delivering, never, monitoring, reduced, increased
62. Debtor (Prediction)

There isn't a financial director around who wouldn't like to accelerate cash flow by reducing debtor
days- in other words, get customers to pay up faster. In Europe's top 1,000 quoted companies, nearly
one quarter of all invoices are unpaid at any point in time, according to recent research carried out by
the ASF organization. This means they are sitting on a total of 274 billion overdue debt. Most of this is
caused by poor collection practices. According to Jan Porter, ASF's Managing Director, 'You can set
up all the systems you want, you can insist on watertight contracts and payment terms, the
government can even introduce late payment legislation, but there are always some debtors who fail
to pay on time. Once a payment is overdue, your first step is to talk to your debtor. You should let
them know the payment is late and try to find out if there is a dispute about the work, or if your debtor
has financial problems. This is OK , but Tim Vainio, a chartered accountant, believes that too many
companies are afraid of losing a relationship, and that, before undertaking any action , the focus
should be on recovering as much money as possible, rather than on preserving a relationship.'
Options:
reproducing, accelerate, renew, pay up, check, reducing, accumulate, at any point, This is OK,
undertaking any action, It is unlikely
63. Private School (Prediction)

Private schools in the UK are redoubling their marketing efforts to foreigners. Almost a third of the
68,000 boarding pupils at such schools already come from overseas. But now, with many UK
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residents unwilling or unable to afford the fees and a cultural shift away from boarding, many schools
are looking abroad to survive. Overseas students now account for about 500m pounds of fee income a
year for boarding schools in the UK.
Options:
weigh, already, unwilling, fuss, account, seldom, shift, unweaned
64. Food Prices (Prediction)

For two decades, leading up to the millennium, global demand for food increased steadily, along with
growth in the world' s population, record harvests, improvements in incomes, and the diversification of
diets. As a result, food prices continued to decline through 2000. But beginning in 2004, prices for
most grains began to rise. Rising production could not keep pace with the even stronger growth in
demand.
Options:
deteriorations, improvements, stronger, increased, decline, fluctuate, dipped
65. Following Tips (Prediction)

Researchers suggest the following tips as you begin to network, seek common ground, engage with
your network regularity, and consistently apply yourself to making your network work or it will wither. It
is a skill that you need to practice , not a talent.
Options:
direct, apply, engage, concentrate, practice
66. Research (Prediction)

Research is a process of investigation leading to new insights effectively shared and is central to
the purpose of any university. Students have the right to be taught by acknowledged experts in their
field, which requires that staff members operate at the most advanced level appropriate to
their discipline and level. Research is, therefore, crucial to a positive student experience from further
education to doctoral development.
Options:
equivocal, discipline, experts, novices, discretion, positive, purpose
67. Farming (Prediction)

When humans began farming some 12,000 years ago, they altered the future of our species forever.
Our ancestors were ecological pioneers , discovering and cultivating the most valuable crops, scaling
them up to feed entire communities and transforming wild crops so fundamentally that they became
dependent on humans for their survival. Farming, in the words of National Geographic's Genographic
Project, 'sowed the seeds for the modern age .'
Options:
species, lucrative, trainees, pioneers, valuable, clan, age
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68. Coffee (Prediction)

Coffee is enjoyed by millions of people every day and the 'coffee experience' has become a staple of
our modern life and culture . While the current body of research related to the effects of
coffee consumption on human health has been contradictory, a study in the June issue of
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, which is published by the Institute of Food
Technologists (IFT), found that the potential benefits of moderate coffee drinking outweigh the risks in
adult consumers for the majority of major health outcomes considered.
Options:
costs, cult, consumption, cares, outcomes, expenditure, benefits, culture
69. Class Participation (Prediction)

Because of the instructional methods, expected class participation and the nature of the courses vary,
no fixed number of absences is applicable to all situations . Each instructor is responsible for making
clear to the class at the beginning of the semester his or her policies and procedures in regard to
class attendance and the reasons for them.
Options:
situations, monitor, scales, attendance, roster, instructor, semester
70. Critical Thinking (Prediction)

Critical thinking involves looking at something you may have seen many times and examining it from
many different angles and perspectives. It involves going beyond the obvious or beyond 'easy' to seek
new understanding and rare solutions . It involves looking at common issues with uncommon eyes,
known problems with new skepticism, everyday conflicts with probing curiosity and daily challenges
with greater attention to detail.
Options:
curiosity, solutions, oblivious, caution, functions, angles, definitions, obvious
71. Concentration (Prediction)

Some students say that they need complete quiet to read and study. Others study best in a crowded,
noisy room because the noise actually helps them concentrate. Some students like quiet music
playing; others do not. The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your own
studying. However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems to be more of a
distraction than music or other background noise, so leave the TV off when you are reading or
studying. Also , don' t let yourself become distracted by computer games, email, or Internet surfing.
Options:
leads, others, remain, leave, counterparts, Also, However, helps
72. The Environmental Policy (Prediction)

Thus the environmental policy does not contribute to the profitability in any real sense at all. In
practice it is companies that are well organized and efficient , or that are already comfortably
profitable, that have time to establish and police environmental policies. However, if profitable
companies are the ones most likely to establish 'environmental best practice ' this is confusing cause
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with effect. It is not that environmental best practice causes profitability, but that being profitable
allows for concern for the environment.
Options:
time, authority, exhibit, establish, concern, egregious, efficient, practice
73. Techniques (Prediction)

In the process of studying these techniques, I learned something remarkable : that there' s far more
potential in our minds than we often give them credit for. I' m not just talking about the fact that it' s
possible to memorize lots of information using memory techniques. I' m talking about a lesson that is
more general , and in a way much bigger: that it' s possible, with training and hard work, to teach
oneself to do something that might seem really difficult .
Options:
redundant, remarkable, information, beliefs, general, inspiration, minds, difficult
74. The University of Maryland (Prediction)

The University of Maryland boasts 78 academic programs ranked in the top 25 nationally and 29
academic programs in the top 10 according to U.S. News and World report. By drawing top-notch
faculty, attracting the brightest students and investing in the quality of our academic programs, we are
a force to reckon with on a national basis .
Options:
extent, agree, reckon, investing, ranked, involving, basis, ranged
75. Physical Activity (Prediction)

Participating regularly in physical activity has been shown to benefit an individual's health
and wellbeing . Regular physical activity is important in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as
heart disease and stroke, obesity, diabetes and some forms of cancer. The National Physical Activity
Guidelines for Adults recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical
activity, preferably every day of the week, to obtain health benefits.
Options:
recruit, recommend, exploit, chronic, preferably, wealth, affordably, physical, obtain, wellbeing
76. Telephone Networks (Prediction)

Telephone networks are big and complex because the demand increases, and need to function well in
multiple environments. Therefore, we need to forecast future development and use the simulation
system that are greatly in use.
Options:
demand, forecast, communicative, complex, cost, furnish, greatly, collectively
77. Liquidity (Prediction)

When people worry about a glut of liquidity, they are thinking of the first of these concepts. If money is
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too abundant or too cheap, inflationary pressures may build up or bubbles may appear in financial
markets -- until central banks tighten policy or market opinion suddenly changes. A slackening
of economic activity or a drop in asset prices can leave households, businesses and financial
institutions in trouble if their balance sheets are not liquid enough (the second concept) or if they
cannot find a buyer for assets .
Options:
activities, assets, marketing, economic, cash, pressures
78. Scrambled Memory (Prediction)

Memories can become scrambled, sometimes in the process of attempting to retrieve something. You
might relate a story to a friend but unwittingly include some mistaken details. Later, as you attempt to
recall the episode , you might come across your memory of the scrambled recall attempt instead of
your original memory. Memory is malleable. It is not, as commonly thought, like a museum piece sitting
in a display case.
Options:
unwittingly, commonly, retrieve, section, arduously, rehabilitate, episode, wittingly
79. Lithium (Prediction)

The lightest of any solid element, lithium has, until now, played a modest role in industry. Silvery in
color, and softer than lead, it has been used mainly as an alloy of aluminum, a base for automobile
grease, and in the production of glass and ceramics. It is so unstable that it is never found in its pure
form in nature. Lithium floats on water -- or, rather ,it skitters wildly about, trailing a vapor cloud of
hydrogen, until it dissolves.
Options:
rather, production, unstable, modest, unknown, even, intuition, until
80. Repetitive Syllables (Prediction)

Assessments of language learning in 18-month-olds suggest that children are better at grasping the
names of objects with repeated syllables, over words with non-identical syllables. Researchers say the
study may help explain why some words or phrases, such as 'train' and 'good night', have given rise to
versions with repeated syllables, such as choo-choo and night-night. The researchers say such words
are easier for infants to learn, and may provide them with a starter point for vocabulary learning. A
team from the University of Edinburgh assessed the infants' language learning behavior in a series
of visual and attention tests using pictures on a computer screen of two unfamiliar objects. The two
objects were named with made-up words which were communicated to the infants by a recorded
voice -- one with two identical syllables, for example neenee, and the other without repeated
syllables, such as bolay. The infants were then tested for their recognition of each word. Recordings of
their eye movements showed they looked more reliably at the object labeled with repeated syllables,
than the other object. Researchers validated their results with a control test, in which the infants
responded to pictures of familiar objects -- such as a dog or an apple.
Options:
content, with, genuine, visual, explain, communicated, since, made-up
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81. Citizenship Education (Prediction)

Civics and citizenship education builds student's knowledge and understanding of the ways in which
citizens can actively participate in Australia' s diverse and inclusive society. Students learn about the
civic institutions and the processes through which decisions are made for the common good of
the community and they also develop the skills and understandings that relate to the organization of a
harmonious democratic society.
Options:
processes, precision, skills, involve, humanity, participate, wills, community
82. The Antarctic and the Arctic (Prediction)

At the height of summer the Antarctic, tourist ships move gently around the coast. Even 30 years ago
such sights would have been unthinkable, but today people are willing to pay large sums of money to
see the last real wilderness in the world. In the Arctic, careless human exploitation in the past has
damaged the fragile ecosystem. Today concerned governments are trying to find ways to develop the
region while caring for the very special natural environment. Because the Antarctic is less accessible
than the Arctic, it is still largely undamaged by humans, although holes in the ozone layer above the
Antarctic have already been discovered. Many people believe that one way to preserve the area is to
make the whole region into a world park, with every form of exploitation internationally banned .
Options:
whereas, have already been, in the future, is to be, while, Except, Because, in the past, banned,
infested
83. Number and Form (Prediction)

Number and form are the essence of our world: from the patterns of the stars to the pulses of the
market, from the beats of our hearts to catching a ball or tying our shoelaces. Drawing on science,
literature, history and philosophy, and introducing geniuses from Alcibiades to Gauss,
this inspiring book makes the mysteries of maths accessible and its rich patterns brilliantly clear.
Options:
geniuses, beats, inspiring, textures, patterns, novelties, rare, tempo
84. Robot Definition (Prediction)

Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked "I can't define a robot, but I know
one when I see one." If you consider all the different machines people call robots, you can see that it's
nearly impossible to come up with a comprehensive definition. Everybody has a different idea of what
constitutes a robot.
Options:
call, create, complex, need, comprehensive, define, invent
85. Energy Intakes (Prediction)

Recommended energy intakes are difficult to calculate even among individuals of the same age, sex,
weight, height and general pattern of activity . Therefore the energy requirement for healthy people is
often expressed as the amount of energy needed to maintain the status quo.
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Options:
obtain, entities, calculate, excised, expressed, maintain, activity
86. Australian Dwellings (Prediction)

The stock of Australia's dwellings is evolving with current homes having more bedrooms on average
than homes ten years ago. At the same time, households are getting smaller on average with
decreasing proportions of couple families with children and increasing couple-only and lone-person
households. This article tells the changes in household size and number of bedrooms from 1994_95 to
2003_04. It also looks at the types of households with spare bedrooms and the size of recently
purchased new homes compared with existing stock.
Options:
proportions, involving, evolving, iterates, increasing, tells, incidents
87. Radioactivity (B) (Prediction)

So why the concern? It's partly because radioactivity is invisible . If you receive a large dose, or if
you ingest radioactive heavy metals, it is certainly toxic, and we tend to associate it with cancer, a
great fear in modern society . Nuclear waste is also highly concentrated. While this is seen as a
"problem" it can be an advantage - it is very localized and its radioactive nature, means we can
detect easily, the movement of tiny amounts of material.
Options:
attract, volatile, invisible, ingest, world, that, associate, induce, because, society
88. Musical (Prediction)

One of the most popular forms of theater is the musical. Combining drama, dance and music, the
musical has been around for over a century, and in that time has kept pace with changing tastes and
social conditions , as well as advances in theater technology. Many modern musicals are known for
their spectacular sets , lighting and other effects.
Options:
revenues, tastes, improvements, instruments, conditions, sets, advances
89. Shakespeare's Work (Prediction)

Shakespeare produced most of his work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were comedies and
histories - genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century.
He then wrote tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth,
considered some of the finest examples in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote
tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.
Options:
work, collaborated, designed, genres, actors, examples
90. Changing English (Prediction)

English has been changing throughout its lifetime and it's still changing today. For most of us, these
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changes are fine as long as they're well and truly in the past. Paradoxically, we can be curious about
word origins and the stories behind the structure we find in our language, but we experience a queasy
distaste for any change that might be happening right under our noses. There is a certain lack of
consistency. There are even language critics who are convinced that English is dying, or if not dying at
least being progressively crippled through long years of mistreatment.
Options:
curious, crippled, convinced, experience, structure, expect, kind, lack, change
91. Pupil Charity (Prediction)

My school in the city of London held a charity competition. In the community, I was voted as the
chairman. We raised 48,000 pounds and I won the first place in the end. During this period, I learnt a
lot and realised the importance of tenacity and how to rouse other pupils' awareness.
Options:
charity, tenacity, skill, rouse, raised, recognize, beg, money, earned
92. Air Moving (Prediction)

Wind is air moving around. Some winds can move as fast as a racing car, over 100 miles per hour .
Winds can travel around the world. Wind can make you feel cold because you lose heat from your
body faster when it is windy. Weather forecasters need to know the speed and direction of the wind.
The strength of wind is measured using the Beaufort scale from wind force when there is no wind, to
wind force 12 which can damage houses and buildings and is called hurricane force.
Options:
hour, as, second, more, slower, with, to, faster, direction
93. Investment (Prediction)

One city will start to attract the majority of public or private investment. This could be due
to natural advantage or political decisions. This, in turn, will stimulate further investment due to the
multiplier effect and significant rural-to-urban migration. The investment in this city will be at
the expense of other cities.
Options:
some, significant, fare, natural, stimulate, disguise, majority, expense, best, important
94. Ozone (Prediction)

Clones of an Eastern cottonwood ( Populus deltoides) in the Bronx and other city spots grew to double
the biomass of clones planted outside small towns upstate or on Long Island, says Jillian Gregg, now
of the Environmental Protection Agency's western-ecology division in Corvallis, Ore. The growth gap
comes from ozone damage, she and her New York colleagues report. Ozone chemists have known
that concentrations may spike skyscraper high in city air, but during a full 24 hours, rural trees actually
get a higher cumulative ozone exposure from urban pollution that blows in and lingers. A series of new
experiments now shows that this hang-around ozone is the overwhelming factor in tree growth, the
researchers say in the July 10 Nature. "This study has profound importance in showing us most vividly
that rural areas pay the price for urban pollution," says Stephen P. Long of the University of Illinois at
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Urbana-Champaign. "This work should be a wake-up call," he adds.
Options:
pay, solution, urban, oxygen, ozone, rural, gaps, spend, overwhelming, concentrations, planted,
invades, necessary, protected
95. Paris (Prediction)

Paris is very old-- there has been a settlement there for at least 6,000 years and its shape has been
determined in part by the River Seine, and in part by the edicts of France' s rulers. But the great
boulevards we admire today are relatively new, and were constructed to prevent any more barricades
being created by the rebellious population; that work was carried out in the middle 19th century. The
earlier Paris had been in part a maze of narrow streets and alleyways. But you can imagine that the
work was not only highly expensive, but caused great distress among the half a million or so whose
houses were simply razed, and whose neighborhoods disappeared. What is done cannot usually be
undone, especially when buildings are torn down .
Options:
only, part, at, random, down, up, creating, been, simply, created
96. Global Ecosystems (Prediction)

Whether measured by greenhouse gas concentrations, deforestation rates or declining fish stocks,
current unsustainable consumption and production patterns threatened to exceed the capacity of
global ecosystems and the world community must accelerate efforts to pursue
environmentally sound economic growth and 'meet our commitments to future generations'.
Options:
smell, sound, unusual, alleviate, accelerate, unsustainable
97. Moth (Prediction)

Why are moths fatally attracted to the light? One solution is the old glib theory that the moths are
trying to use the flame to navigate. This explanation does not tell us, however , why it is that in many
species only males are thus attracted, and in a few, only females. What's more , if moths need to
navigate, they must be from a migrating species. Yet most of the time such moths are not migrating.
Indeed most species do not migrate at all and thus have no need of navigation.
Options:
What's more, One solution, less, This explanation, improvement, question, however, so, Yet
98. Pop Mega-star (Prediction)

Pop mega-stars including Adele, Michael Jackson and Sir Elton John have all recorded music at the
world-famous Metropolis Studios. Last year, the recording studios set about compiling an album called
' Lost Songs', which features songs from relatively unknown musicians. First-year student Zak Taylor
Fray decided to submit his song demo to be included in Volume Two of the Lost Songs album which
was released this year, after he saw how successful Volume One had been. Zak 24, said: ' I found this
competition when simply searching the internet for songwriting competitions one day, and was lucky
that there was still time to enter. It amazes me that people who have worked with huge pop stars
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thought my song was good and worth something.'
Options:
features, recorded, assuming, deletes, sew, included, found, inclined, saw, delivered
99. Housing Agency (Prediction)

Housing agencies pay the utility costs , generally because units in developments don't have individual
meters. Some buildings have individual meters, and each family pays its own to the utility company ,
so agencies will deduct the amount from your rent.
Options:
costs, units, company, allowance, spends, amount, debt, collect
100. Revision (Prediction)

Timing is important for revision. Have you noticed that during the school day you get times when you
just don't care any longer? I don't mean the lessons you don't like, but the ones you find usually OK,
but on some occasions you just can't be bothered with it. You may have other things on your mind, be
tired, restless, or looking forward to what comes next. Whatever the reason, that particular lesson
doesn't get 100 percent effort from you. The same is true of revision. Your mental and
physical attitudes are important. If you try to revise when you are tired or totally occupied with
something else, your revision will be inefficient and just about worthless. If you approach it feeling
fresh, alert and happy, it will be so much easier and you will learn more, faster. However, if you make
no plans and just slip in a little bit of revision when you feel like it, you probably won't do much
revision! You need a revision timetable so you don't keep putting it off .
Options:
may, getting it wrong, attitudes, putting it off, down, can, effort, health
101. Japan and China (Prediction)

At times, a broad stream of knowledge flowed from China to Japan. At other times, this transfer
was halted on one side or the other, and Japan developed on its own. But whether in isolation or not,
Japan was always itself. Everything that arrived from China was adapted to suit Japanese tastes and
needs.
Options:
adapted, remained, arrived, halted, hoisted, developed
102. Breton Language (Prediction)

It is difficult to tell precisely when the Breton language was born. As early as the VIth century the new
country was established and known as 'Lesser Britain', but for many centuries its
language remained close to the one of Great Britain's- very close even to the dialect spoken in the
South West. The VIIIth century is the milestone where Breton, Cornish and Welsh are considered as
different languages.
Options:
registered, considered, supplanted, remained, established, retreated
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103. Mathematics and Statistics (Prediction)

Mathematics and statistics play a part in almost all daily activities. They are at the heart of advances
in science and technology, as well as providing indispensable problem-solving and decision-making
tools in many areas of life. They underpin the rigorous analysis and modelling required for new policies,
designs and systems. Mathematical and statistical knowledge is much sought after by employers for a
wide variety of jobs, not least in teaching the subject, and a qualification in any one of the areas we
offer can bring real benefits in your professional life.
Options:
process, heart, areas, novel, part, indispensable, content, radius, variety
104. Trade-off (Prediction)

"It appears that in the process of evolving specialized face-recognition abilities to quickly and
accurately extract important information, there has been a trade-off where face-like images
in unexpected orientations become especially difficult to process," he says. "The reason for this
trade-off is unclear, but it probably relates to the fact that you rarely see inverted faces", says
Sheehan.
Options:
intriguing, expect, relates, extract, unexpected, indicates, reason, unprecedented, cause, evolving
105. Under-nutrition (Prediction)

Under-nutrition and related diseases kill between 15 and 18 million people a year, the majority are
children. At least 500 million are chronically hungry. The tragic paradox of massive
suffering amid global plenty traces in part to widespread poverty, which denies access to
food even where it piles high in village market.
Options:
majority, part, amid, minimal, none, relation, even, extent
106. Complementary Therapies (Prediction)

Complementary therapies - such as those practiced by naturopaths, chiropractors, and acupuncturists
- have become increasingly popular in Australia over the last few decades . Interest initially coincided
with enthusiasm for alternative lifestyles, while immigration and increased contact and trade with China
have also had an influence . The status of complementary therapies is being re-visited in a number of
areas: legal regulation; the stances of doctors' associations; their inclusion in medical education; and
scientific research into their efficacy .
Options:
field, practiced, theorized, influence, enthusiasm, increase, times, decades, ambition, efficacy
107. Lake Turkana (Prediction)

Lake Turkana is a large lake in Kenya, East Africa. This part of Africa was home to some of the first
humans. Here, archaeologists have found piles of bones ( both human and animal) and collections of
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stones that humans used as tools . By carefully uncovering and examining these remains, scientists
have started to put together the story of our earliest ancestors. In 2001, a 4 million year-old skeleton
was uncovered in the area. Although a link between it and modern-day humans has not been
established, the skeleton shows the species was walking upright.
Options:
indicating, bones, part, city, tools, examining, notches, weapons
108. Linguistic Effects (Prediction)

An important corollary of this focus on language as the window to legal epistemology is the central
role of discourse to law and other sociocultural processes. In particular, the ideas that people hold
about how language works combine with linguistic structuring to create powerful, often unconscious
effects. In recent years, linguistic anthropologists have made much progress in developing more
precisely analytic tools for tracking those effects.
Options:
implements, linguistic, disclosure, speech, facts, discourse, tools, ideas
109. Fingerprint (Prediction)

Fingerprints can prove that a suspect was actually at the scene of a crime. As long as a human
entered a crime scene, there will be traces of DNA. DNA can help the police to identify an individual to
crack a case. An institute in London can help reserve DNA and be used to match with
the samples taken from the crime scenes.
Options:
retain, prove, reserve, determine, evidence, identify, samples
110. Recruitment (Prediction)

Finding challenging or rewarding employment may mean retraining and moving from a stale or boring
job in order to find your passion and pursue it. The idea is to think long range and anticipate an active
lifestyle into later years --perhaps into one' s 80s or 90s. Being personally productive may now mean
anticipating retiring in stages. This might indicate going to an alternate plan should a current career
end by choice or economic chance.
Options:
passion, plan, rewarding, expensive, direction, emotion
111. Coral Reefs (Prediction)

Coral reefs support more marine life than any other ocean ecosystem and are, not surprisingly , a
favorite pursuit for many divers. But as well as being physically and biologically spectacular, coral reefs
also support the livelihoods of over half a billion people . What is more, this number is expected
to double in coming decades while the area of high-quality reef is expected to halve. In combination
with the very real threat of climate change, which could lead to increased seawater temperatures and
ocean acidification , we start to arrive at some quite frightening scenarios.
Options:
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decreasing, double, surprisingly, oppose, support, necessarily, people, acidification, human

112. Donors (Prediction)

Americans approached a record level of generosity last year. Of the $260.28bn given to charity in
2005, 76.5% of it came from individual donors . These people gave across the range of non-profit
bodies, from museums to religious organizations , with a heavy emphasis on disaster relief after the
Asian tsunami and US hurricanes. In total, Americans gave away 2.2% of their household income in
2005, slightly above 40-year average .
Options:
emphasis, all, government, average, organizations, companies, donors
113. Tidal Energy (Prediction)

The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) has awarded $2.49 million to cover a portion of the
cost of a collaborative project led by the Australian Maritime College at the University of Tasmania,
in partnership with The University of Queensland and CSIRO. The $5.85 million Tidal Energy in
Australia - Assessing Resource and Feasibility to Australia' s Future Energy Mix' project will map the
country' s tidal energy in unprecedented detail before assessing its ability to contribute to Australia' s
energy needs.
Options:
part, awarded, partnership, generated
114. Standard Response (Prediction)

The casual observer does not necessarily recognize the skill in how a teacher, for instance, responds
to a thoughtful question from a normally quiet student and how that may be very different from the
'standard response' to a commonly inquisitive or talkative student. Expert teachers are aware of what
they are doing; they monitor and adjust their teaching behaviors to bring out the best in their
students.
Options:
most, talkative, skill, celebrated, casual, reason, best
115. Internet Growth (Prediction)

The exponential growth of the Internet was heralded ,in the 1990s, as revolutionizing the production
and dissemination of information. Some people saw the internet as a means of democratizing access
to knowledge. For people concerned with African development, it seemed to offer the possibility
of leapfrogging over the technology gap that separates Africa from advanced industrialized countries.
Options:
demonstrated, separates, signifies, concerned, connected, democratizing, heralded, leapfrogging,
dissertation, dissemination, jogging
116. Hay-drying Device (Prediction)

A novel device for helping farmers to dry out hay more quickly has won a University of Glasgow
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graduate a prestigious design award.Gavin Armstrong, 23, from Kippen, Stirlingshire scooped the
Glasgow 1999 Design Medal for his design for a swath inverter _ a device for flipping over a hay crop
to help dry out the damp underside. Dry hay is an essential farmyard food source for sheep and
cows.Gavin came up with the design as part of his Product Design Engineering degree course, run
in conjunction with Glasgow School of Art.He built a working prototype of the device which is powered
and towed by a tractor and uses a pair of parallel belts to invert the swath. The rollers are driven from
one hydraulic motor and are geared so as to spin at the same speed and in opposite
directions ensuring that the touching inner two faces of the belt that perform the inversion move
rearwards at the same speed.
Options:
scooped, guaranteeing, ensuring, located, device, partnerships, instruction, conjunction
117. Away from Home (Prediction)

For many first-year students, the University may be their first experience living away from home for
an extended period. It is a definite break from home. In my point of view, this is the best thing that you
can do. I know you have to fend for yourself, cook and clean after yourself, basically look after
yourself without your parents but the truth is some time in your life you are going to have to part with
lovely Mummy and Daddy. But they are only just a phone call away, and it is really good to have some
QUALITY TIME without them. The first few weeks can be a lonely period. There may be concerns
about forming the friendship. When new students look around, it may seem that everyone else is self-
confident and socially successful! The reality is that everyone has the same concerns. Increased
personal freedom can feel both wonderful and frightening . Students can come and go as they choose
with no one to hassle them. The strange environment with new kinds of procedures and new people
can create the sense of being on an emotional roller coaster. This is normal and to be expected. You
meet so many more people in the halls than if you stayed at home. The main points about living away
from home are NO PARENTS! You don't have to tell them where you're going, who you're going with,
what time you'll be coming, why you're going etc. etc. You learn various social skills you have to get
along with your roommates Living with them can present special, sometimes intense, problems.
Negotiating respect of personal property, personal space, sleep, and relaxation needs, can be a
complex task. The complexity increases when roommates are of different backgrounds with very
different values. It is unrealistic to expect that roommates will be best friends. Meaningful, new
relationships should not be expected to develop overnight. It took a great deal of time to develop
intimacy in high school friendships the same will be true of intimacy in university friendships. You have
a phone! So if you ever get homesick or miss you, Mummy, then shes always at the end of a phone-
line for you and so are your friends.
Options:
timely, exciting, natural, frightening, easily, extra, backgrounds, socially, definite, lonely, extended
118. Good Looks (Prediction)

It is tempting to try to prove that good looks win votes, and many academics have tried.
The difficulty is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and you cannot behold a politician's face
without a veil of extraneous prejudice getting in the way. Does George Bush possess a disarming grin
or a facetious smirk ? It's hard to find anyone who can look at the president without assessing him
politically as well as physically .
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Options:
physically, difficulty, truth, prejudice, audience, smirk, wink, mentally
119. Bach (Prediction)

Those were his halcyon days when his music was constantly heard in Venice, and his
influence blanketed Europe. He spent much of his time on the road, performing and overseeing
productions of his music. In Germany, Bach studied Vivaldi's scores, copied them for performance
and arranged some for other instruments.
Options:
played, blanketed, existed, performing, looking, arranged
120. Ministerial Staffing (Prediction)

The contemporary ministerial staffing system is large, active and partisan - far larger and further
evolved than any West minster equivalent. Ministers' demands for help to cope with the pressures of
an increasingly competitive and professionalized political environment have been key drivers of the
staffing system's development. But there has not been commensurate growth in arrangements to
support and control it. The operating framework for ministerial staff is fragmented and ad hoc.
Options:
fragmented, current, operations, arrangements, operating
121. Romans (Prediction)

The Romans glorified the bravery shown in the arena, but trivialized the events and degraded the
participants. Mosaic pictures of executions and combats, graphically violent to our eyes, were
displayed in the public rooms and even dining rooms in the homes of wealthy Romans. How can the
viewer today possibly understand such images? Until fairly recently, modern authors writing about the
arena minimized its significance and represented the institutionalized violence as a sideline to Roman
history. The tendency was also to view the events through our own eyes and to see them as pitiful or
horrifying, although to most Romans empathy with victims of the arena was inconceivable. In the past
few decades, however, scholars have started to analyze the complex motivations for deadly public
entertainments and contradictory views of gladiators as despised, yet beloved hero-slaves.
Options:
tendency, strength, track, trivialized, potentially, represented, graphically, visualized, suppressed,
bravery
122. Eccentric Language (Prediction)

An eccentric mix of English, German and French has entered Japanese usage with grand abandon . A
"kariya" woman is a career woman, and a "manshon" is an apartment. This increasing use of
katakana, or unique Japanese versions of Western words, and the younger generation's more casual
use of the Japanese language have prompted Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to worry that these
new words may not be understood by a wider audience. As a result, a government panel is proposing
to publish a manual on how to speak proper Japanese. Foreign words became katakana
Japanese because no existing Japanese words could quite capture a specific meaning or feeling.
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When the word "cool" traveled east, all of its English connotations did not make the journey. A kuru
person in Japan is someone who is calm and never gets upset. On the other hand, someone who is
kakkoii is hip, or in translation, "cool." Similarly , a hot to a person is one who is easily excitable,
perhaps passionate, but not necessarily a popular person or personality of the moment.
Options:
Similarly, Apparently, however, abandon, adopt, because, projected, prompted
123. Essays (Prediction)

Essays are used as an assessment tool to evaluate your ability to research a topic and construct
an argument , as well as your understanding of subject content. This does not mean that essays are a
'regurgitation' of everything your lecturer has said throughout the course. Essays are your opportunity
to explore in greater depth .
Options:
width, argument, particular, depth, evaluate, commitment, thorough, throughout, review
124. Modern Healthcare (Prediction)

In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, the job of a doctor is more like the job of chief
executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians' practices don't just need to know medicine .
They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult
marketing and legal decisions .
Options:
stuff, decisions, staff, calculate, motivate, medicine, actions, pharmacy
125. Space (Prediction)

Researchers already know that spending long periods of time in a zero-gravity environment ---- such
as that inside the International Space Station (ISS) --- result in loss of bone density and damage to
the body's muscles . That's partly why stays aboard the ISS are restricted at six months. And now, a
number of NASA astronauts are reporting that their 20 or 30 vision faded after spending time in space,
with many needing glasses once they returned to Earth.
Options:
background, aimed, environment, faded, integrated, muscles, mass, restricted, ability, devastate,
damage
126. Bennett (Prediction)

In the last years of the wheat boom, Bennett had become increasingly frustrated at how the
government seemed to be encouraging an exploitative farming binge. He went directly after his old
employer, the Department of Agriculture, for misleading people. Farmers on the Great Plains were
working against nature; he thundered in speeches across the country.
Options:
unwilling, menaced, misleading, exploitative, thundered
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127. Estee Lauder (Prediction)

She transformed beauty into big business by cultivating classy sales methods and giving away
samples. Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she always
thought she 'was growing a mice little business.' And that it is. A little business that controls 45% of
the cosmetics market in U.S. department stores. A little business that sells in 118 countries and last
year grew to be $3.6 billion big in sales. The Lauder family's shares are worth more than $6 billion. But
early on, there wasn't a burgeoning business; there weren't houses in New York, Palm Beach, or the
south of France. It is said that at one point there was one person to answer the telephones
who changed her voice to become the shipping or billing department as needed. You more or less
know the Estee Lauder story because it' s a chapter from the book of American business folklore. In
short, Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived above her father's hardware store in
Corona, a section of Queens in New York City. She started her enterprise by selling skin creams
concocted by her uncle, a chemist, in beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts. No doubt the potions
were good - Estee Lauder was a quality fanatic - but the sales lady was better. Much better. And she
simply outworked everyone else in the cosmetics industry. She stalked the bosses of New York City
department stores until she got some counter space at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. And once in that
space, she utilized a personal selling approach that proved as potent as the promise of her skin
regimens and perfumes.
Options:
stalked, ruthless, enterprise, raised, controls, maintains, changed, potent
128. Enigma (Prediction)

And if the voice of an animal is not heard as message but as art, interesting things start to happen:
Nature is no longer an alien enigma but something immediately beautiful, an exuberant opus with
space for us to join in. Bird melodies have always been called songs for a reason .
Options:
opus, exuberant, enigma, bearing, season, reason, accuse
129. Walt Disney World (Prediction)

Walt Disney World has become a pilgrimage site partly because of the luminosity of its crosscultural
and marketing and partly because its utopian aspects appeal powerfully to real needs in the
capitalist society . Disney' s marketing is unique because it captured the symbolic essence
of childhood but the company has gained access to all public shows, comic books, dolls, apparels,
and educational film strips all point to the parks and each other.
Options:
theoretical, utopian, lifetime, comedy, society, unrealistic, childhood, educational
130. Wrinkle Cure (Prediction)

Barrie Finning's, a professor at Monash University' s college of pharmacy in Melbourne, and PhD
student Anita Schneider, recently tested a new wrinkle cure. Twice daily, 20 male and female
volunteers applied a liquid containing Myoxinol, a patented extract of okra (Hibiscusesculentus) seed,
to one side of their faces. On the other side they applied a similar liquid without Myoxinol. Every week
for a month their wrinkles were tested by self-assessment, photography and the size of depressions
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made in silicon moulds. The results were impressive. After a month the depth and number of wrinkles
on the Myoxinol-treated side were reduced by approximately 27 per cent. But Finnin' s research,
commissioned by a cosmetics company, is unlikely to be published in a scientific publication . It' s hard
to even find studies that show the active ingredients in cosmetics penetrate the skin, let alone
more comprehensive research on their effects. Even when rigorous studies are commissioned,
companies usually control whether the work is published in the traditional scientific literature.
Options:
depth, extract, publication, important, comprehensive, body, width, review, solid, rigorous, tract
131. Concrete Jungle (Prediction)

Spending too much time in the concrete jungle is bad for city dwellers health and could have
potentially catastrophic consequences for the environment, conservation biologist Richard Fuller will
argue during a seminar at the University of Canberra today. Dr Fuller, lecturer in biodiversity and
conservation at the University of Queens' and and CSIRO, will explore the fact that although there's
evidence that the well-being of humans increases with exposure to our surrounding biodiversity,
the opportunities for people to experience nature are declining rapidly in the modern world.
Options:
consequences, opportunities, prerequisites, meaning, dwellers, lecturer, exposure, researchers,
respect, colleague
132. Civilization (Prediction)

I use the word civilization now for the first time, because before the Bronze Age there is nothing that
we would define as civilization. Civilization involves the establishment of permanent dwelling areas that
we call cities as opposed to villages. Agricultural villages will have existed all over the place in the late
Stone Age, in the Neolithic Period, as it is known. But there is a difference and the critical difference
is that a city contains a number of people who do not provide for their own support. That is to say,
they don't produce food. They need to acquire it from somebody else. Instead, they do various things
like governing and are priests, and are bureaucrats, and are engaged in other nonproductive activities
that depend upon others to feed them. That's the narrowest definition of cities.
Options:
cities, consume, involved, residence, engaged, produce
133. Two Norths (Prediction)

Mapping software works with your phone's GPS for the location and then the in-built compass finds
north, adjusting to the direction you're facing and pointing the way. But that's not easy because there
are two 'norths'. There's true north - which is the direction of the North Pole and which reliably stays
put - and there's magnetic north which, thanks to the flowing layer of molten iron in the Earth's
outer core , has a habit of moving around.
Options:
pole, gadget, pointing, spherical, core, sticking, compass, true, magnetic
134. Dog Emotion (Prediction)
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Can dogs tell when we are happy, sad or angry? As a dog owner, I feel confident not only that I can
tell what kind of emotional state my pets are in, but also that they respond to my emotions. Yet as a
hard-headed scientist, I try to take a more rational and pragmatic view. These personal observations
seem more likely to result from my desire for a good relationship with my dogs.
Options:
emotional, confidential, personal, rational, confident, communal, pathological
135. Welfare Morality (Prediction)

The morality of the welfare state depends on contribution and responsibility. Since some people don't
contribute and many are irresponsible, the choices of those who do contribute and are responsible are
either to tolerate the free riders, refuse to pay for the effects of their irresponsibility or trust the state
to educate them. Hence the government campaigns against smoking, alcoholism, obesity and gas
guzzling ‐ the first two solidly in place, the other two ramping up. But the British state now goes
further: it acts in favor of sexual and racial minorities. In the case of gay men and women this means
progressively removing the legal disadvantages under which they have lived, and ensuring that society
as a whole observes the new order.
Options:
compel, forge, lack, tolerate, against, observes, benefits, depends, encroach, effects, educate
136. Shipwrecks (Prediction)

The few people who live in Alaska's the Aleutian Islands have long been accustomed to shipwrecks.
They have been part of local consciousness since a Japanese whaling ship ran aground near the
western end of the 1,100-mile (1,800-km) volcanic archipelago in 1780, inadvertently naming what is
now Rat Island when the ship's infestation scurried ashore and made itself at home. Since then, there
have been at least 190 shipwrecks in the islands.
Options:
areas, ran, archipelago, afloat, aground, scurried
137. Economists and Ecologists (Prediction)

There is a pointless argument between economists and ecologists over which crisis is more important
— the ecosphere or the economy? The materialistic answer is that their fates are interlinked. We know
the natural world only by interacting with it and transforming it: nature produced us that way. Even if,
as some supporters of 'deep ecology' argue , the earth would be better off without us, it is to us that
the task of saving it falls.
Options:
produced, answer, crisis, reply, empowerment, denote, argue, grew
138. American People (Prediction)

The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society examines U.S. history as revealed through
the experiences of all Americans, both ordinary and extraordinary. With a thought-provoking and rich
presentation, the authors explore the complex lives of Americans of all national origins and cultural
backgrounds, at all levels of society, and in all regions of the country.
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Options:
experiences, events, revealed, beliefs, origins, concealed
139. Daniel Harris (Prediction)

Daniel Harris, a scholar of consumption and style, has observed that until photography
finally supplanted illustration as the "primary means of advertising clothing" in the 1950s, glamour
inhered less in the face of the drawing, which was by necessity schematic and generalized, than in the
sketch's attitude, posture, and gestures, especially in the strangely dainty positions of the hands.
Glamour once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the faces in
the illustrations cannot really be said to have expressions at all, but angles or tilts. The chin raised
upwards in a haughty look; the eyes lowered in an attitude of introspection; the head cocked at an
inquisitive or coquettish angle: or the profile presented in sharp outline, emanating power of the
severity like an emperor's bust embossed on a Roman coin .
Options:
more, illustrations, less, memories, supplanted, embossed, notifications, expressions, regarded, state,
coin
140. Low Fertility (Prediction)

Low fertility is a concern for many OECD countries as they face the prospect of population aging. This
article makes comparisons between Australia and seven other OECD countries in fertility rates
between 1970 and 2004. Changing age patterns of fertility are also compared and show that for most
of the countries, women are postponing childbirth and having fewer babies. The associations of
women's education levels and rates of employment with fertility are also explored.
Options:
sense, patterns, notions, postponing, associations, comparisons, gaps, accelerating, compared,
completed
141. Iceland (Prediction)

On average, Iceland experiences a major volcanic event once every 5 years. Since the Middle Ages, a
third of all the lava that has covered the earth's surface has erupted in Iceland. However, according to
a recent geological hypothesis, this estimate does not include submarine eruptions, which are much
more extensive than those on the land surface.
Options:
experiences, interior, covered, submarine, explodes, spread
142. Mini Helicopter (Prediction)

A mini helicopter modeled on flying tree seeds could soon be flying overhead. Evan Ulrich and
colleagues at the University of Maryland in College Park turned to the biological world for inspiration to
build a scaled-down helicopter that could mimic the properties of full-size aircraft. The
complex design of full-size helicopters gets less efficient when shrunk, meaning that standard mini
helicopters expend most of their power simply fighting to stay stable in the air. The researchers
realized that a simpler aircraft designed to stay stable passively would use much less power and
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reduce manufacturing costs to boot. It turns out that nature had beaten them to it. The seeds of trees
such as the maple have a single-blade structure that allows them to fly far away and drift safely to
the ground. These seeds, known as samaras, need no engine to spin through the air, thanks to a
process called autorotation. By analyzing the behavior of the samara with high-speed cameras, Ulrich
and his team were able to copy its design. The samara copter is not the first single-winged
helicopter– one was flown in 1952, and others have been attempted since – but it is the first to take
advantage of the samara's autorotation. This allows Ulrich's vehicle to perform some neat tricks, such
as falling safely to the ground if its motor fails or using vertical columns of air to stay aloft indefinitely.
“We can turn off the motor and autorotate, which requires no power to sustain,” says Ulrich.
Options:
design, meaning, beaten, allows, spin, tells, makes, caught, conceive, flourish, makes
143. Canada Gallery (Prediction)

An exhibit that brings together for the first time landscapes painted by French impressionist Pierre-
Auguste Renoir comes to the National Gallery of Canada this June. The gallery in Ottawa worked with
the National Gallery of London and the Philadelphia Museum of Art to pull together the collection of 60
Renoir paintings from 45 public and private collections.
Options:
paintings, gets, masterpiece, muster, time, pull, comes, gallery
144. Leading Scientists (Prediction)

The Life Science Institute at the University of Michigan achieves excellence in biomedical research by
bringing together the world's leading scientists from a variety of life science disciplines
to accelerate breakthroughs and discoveries that will improve human health. With close to 400
scientific staff members, the LSI is exploiting the power of a collaborative and interdisciplinary
approach to biomedical research in an open-laboratory facility.
Options:
ambitions, collaborative, quit, excellence, positive, accelerate
145. Nutrition (Prediction)

Since nutrition scientists are constantly making new discoveries, we need to revise
our recommendations for healthy eating from time to time. However,nutrition is an art as well as
a science . It's an art because it requires creativity to develop a healthy eating plan for people who
differ in their food preferences, beliefs and culture, let alone in their nutritional needs according to
their genes and life stage. As we discover more about how our genes and our environment interact ,
it's becoming increasingly difficult to provide a single set of dietary recommendations that will
be suitable for everyone.
Options:
helpful, interact, associate, suitable, subject, recommendations, science, implications
146. Music (Prediction)

What is music? In one sense, this is an easy question . Even the least musical among us can
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recognize pieces of music when we hear them and name a few canonical examples . We know there
are different kinds of music and, even if our knowledge of music is restricted, we know which kinds we
like and which kinds we do not.
Options:
volume, question, examples, knowledge, issue, classes
147. United Nation Library (Prediction)

The Dag Hammarskjold Library at United Nations Headquarters in New York is a library designated to
facilitate the work of the United Nations and focuses mainly on the needs of the UN Secretariat and
diplomatic missions. Anyone with a valid United Nations Headquarters grounds pass , including
specialized agencies, accredited media and NGO staff, is able to visit the library. Due
to security constraints in place at the United Nations Headquarters complex, the library is not open to
the general public .
Options:
cards, pass, public, surpass, people, safety, security
148. Gauss (Prediction)

Gauss was a child prodigy. There are many anecdotes concerning his precocity as a child, and he
made his first ground-breaking mathematical discoveries while still a teenager. At just three years old,
he corrected an error in his father payroll calculations, and he was looking after his father's accounts
on a regular basis by the age of 5. At the age of 7, he is reported to have amazed his teachers by
summing the integers from 1 to 100 almost instantly (having quickly spotted that the sum was actually
50 pairs of numbers, with each pair summing to 101 , total 5,050). By the age of 12, he was already
attending gymnasium and criticizing Euclid's geometry.
Options:
anecdotes, reputation, researchers, corrected, reviewed, discoveries
149. Biological Systems (Prediction)

Since biological systems with signs of complex engineering are unlikely to have arisen from accidents
or coincidences, their organization must come from natural selection, and hence should
have functions useful for survival and reproduction in the environments in which humans evolved.
Options:
organization, complex, complete, ideas, functions, behaved
150. Psychoanalytic and Behaviorist (Prediction)

Elements of both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist theories are arranged in modern approaches to
personality. Advances in neuroscience have begun to bridge the gap between biochemistry and
behavior, but there is still a great deal that needs to be explained. Without a consistent understanding
of personality, how can we begin to categorize risk takers? If we cannot, we will be unable
to compare their genes with those of others.
Options:
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media, confront, compare, pick, categorize, bridge, arranged, hit

151. Coral Reef (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：Coral reef support marine ecosystem than any other …, and they are not __ a haunt, …
but they are expected to double ; You need to set a realistic shortterm goal. For example, if you want
to achieve a high grade you need to set yourself short term goals __ 其他选项：surprisingly,
necessarily, timely, along the way
152. Sharkbite (Prediction)

Sharks killed four people and bit 58 others around the world in 2006, a comparatively dull year for
dangerous encounters between the two species, scientists said in their annual shark attack census on
Tuesday. Sharkbite numbers grew steadily over the last century as humans reproduced exponentially
and spent more time at the seashore. But the numbers have been stabilized over the past five years
as overfishing thinned the shark population near shore and swimmers got smarter about the risks of
wading into certain areas, Burgess said.
Options:
grew, increase, spent, stabilized, thinned, spend, vague
153. National Portrait Gallery (B) (Prediction)

The National Portrait Gallery's Conservation Department performs one of the Gallery's core functions,
the long-term preservation of all Collection items, to make them accessible now and in future. The
Collection dates from the 8th century to the present day, and consists of portraits in a variety of
media, so the Gallery employs Conservators with expertise in a range of disciplines, including Framing,
Painting, Paper, Sculpture and Photography.
Options:
available, accessible, core, amazing, dates, rise, experience, experts, expertise, contains, consists
154. Material Culture Studies (Prediction)

The study of objects constitutes a relatively new field of academic enquiry, commonly referred to as
material culture studies. Students of material culture seek to understand societies, both past and
present, through careful study and observation of the physical or material objects generated by those
societies. The source material for study is exceptionally wide, including not just human-made
artefacts but also natural objects and even preserved body parts (as you saw in the film 'Encountering
a body’). Some specialists in the field of material culture have made bold claims for its pre-eminence.
In certain disciplines, it reigns supreme . It plays a critical role in archaeology, for
example, especially in circumstances where written evidence is either patchy or non-existent. In such
cases, objects are all scholars have to rely on in forming an understanding of ancient peoples. Even
where written documents survive the physical remains of literate cultures often help to provide new
and interesting insights into how people once lived and thought, as in the case of medieval and post-
medieval archaeology. In analysing the physical remains of societies, both past and present, historians,
archaeologists, anthropologists and others have been careful to remind us that objects
mean different things to different people.
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Options:
experiment, observation, including, exceptionally, even, different, includes, reigns, occupies, supreme,
power, especially, definitely, scholars, experts, different, same
155. Work-ready International Students (Prediction)

Work-ready international students are providing greater options for local employers who are having
difficulties finding local staff due to high employment rates and ongoing labour shortages. International
students in accounting and information technology take part in a year-long program consisting of
classroom work and practical experience, which provides them with valuable skills, industry contacts
and a working knowledge of Australian workplace.
Options:
finding, founding, managing, high, low, consisting, consists, valuable, precocious, knowledge,
experience
156. Sociology (Prediction)

Sociology is, in very basic terms, the study of human societies. In this respect, it is usually classed as
one of the social sciences (along with subjects like psychology) and was established as a subject in
the late 18th century (through the work of people like the French writer Auguste Comte). However, the
subject has only really gained acceptance as an academic subject in the 20th century through the
work of writers such as Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Talcott Parsons (names that will be visited
throughout this course). One name that you may have heard of-Karl Marx (the founder of modern
Communism)-has probably done more to stimulate people’s interest in the subject than anyone else,
even though he lived and wrote (1818-1884) in a period before sociology became fully established as
an academic discipline. Sociology therefore, has a reasonably long history of development, (150-200
years) although in Britain it has only been in the last 30-40 years that sociology as an examined
subject in the education system has achieved a level of importance equivalent to, or above, most of
the other subjects it is possible to study.
Options:
classes, classed, designed, subjects, projects, established, set, course, acceptance, tolerance,
although, despite
157. Most Respected Companies (Prediction)

Look at the recent "Most Respected Companies" survey by the Financial Times. Who are the most
respected companies and business leaders at the current time? Rather predictably, they are Jack
Welch and General Electric, and Bill Gates and Microsoft. Neither has achieved their world class status
through playing nice. Welch is still remembered for the brutal downsizing he led his
business through and for the environmental pollution incidents and prosecutions. Microsoft has had
one of the highest profile cases of bullying market dominance of recent times- and Gates has been
able to achieve the financial status where he can choose to give lots of money away by being ruthless
in business.
Options:
current, past, Neither, Either, Both, through, by, highest, biggest, achieve, finish
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158. Fresh water (Prediction)

Everybody needs fresh water. Without water people, animals & plants cannot live. Although a few
plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water to
stay fit & healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3% of it is fresh, most of that
is stored as ice snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to
it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that
we can use. That's about 4, 300,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater to share out between most of the
plants, animals people on the planet.
Options:
With, Within, Without, fine, fit, far, deep, may, cannot, can
159. The Gray Wolf (Prediction)

After an absence of more than 50 years, the gray wolf (Canis lupus) once again runs beneath the
night skies of Yellowstone National Park. At 3: 45 pm on March 21st 1995, the first of three groups of
gray wolves (also known as the timber wolf) were released from fenced acclimation pens at Crystal
Creek within Yellowstone National Park. The wolf release plan, involved in an environmental impact
statement (EIS) in 1992-1994, is to restore wolves to Yellowstone and central Idaho by establishing
experimental populations of gray wolves in both areas. The goal for Yellowstone is to establish 10
packs wolves reproducing in the area for three consecutive years by the year 2002. Restoring wolves
to Yellowstone is in keeping with national park goals to perpetuate all native species and their natural
interactions with their environment. As with other park wildlife programs, management
emphasizes minimizing human impact on natural animal population dynamics. Yellowstone National
Park is a wilderness and wildlife refuge in the United States.
Options:
fenced, separate, involved, resulted, consecutive, minimizing, forced, cutting, following
160. Electorate (Prediction)

It would be reassuring to think that the electorate choose who to vote for based on the candidates'
track records and future policy promises. In truth , many of us are swayed simply by the way that
politicians look. Consider a 2009 study that asked Swiss students to look at multiple pairs of unfamiliar
French political candidates and in each case to select the one who looked most competent. Most of
the time, the candidate selected by students as looking the most competent was also the one who'd
had real life electoral success, the implication being that voters too had been swayed by the
candidates' appearance (there’s little evidence that appearance and competence actually correlate ).
Unsurprisingly, being attractive also helps win votes, especially in war time (in peacetime, looking
trustworthy is more of an advantage). Other research has shown that were more likely to vote for male
and female candidates with deeper voices.
Options:
In truth, in conclusion, as looking, correlate, associate, implication being, electorate
161. Anthropologists (Prediction)

It is commonly said by anthropologists that primitive man is less individual and more completely
moulded by his society than civilized man. This contains an element of truth. Simpler societies are
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more uniform , in the sense that they call for, and provide opportunities for, a far smaller diversity
of individual skills and occupations than the more complex and advanced societies. Increasing
individualization in this sense is a necessary product of modern advanced society, and runs through all
its activities from top to bottom. But it would be a serious error to set up an antithesis between this
process of individualization and the growing strength and cohesion of society.
Options:
less, larger, objective, society, element, uniform, advent, smaller, factor, individual, advanced, latest
162. Gun Violence (Prediction)

Exposure to gun violence makes adolescents twice as likely to perpetrate serious violence in the next
two years, according to a University of Michigan study . Researchers found there is
a substantial cause and effect relationship between exposure and perpetration of violence. Jeffrey B.
Bingenheimer, a doctoral student in health behaviour and health education, analysed five years of data
from adolescents living in 78 neighbourhoods in Chicago. Bingenheimer is lead author on a paper in
this week's journal Science.
Options:
likely, relative, study, teaching, probable, substantial, relationship, important
163. Neuroscientists (Prediction)

We now know through the work of neuroscientists that the human brain is wired to mimic other people,
and this mimicry involves actual involuntary physiological experience in the observer. Human beings
tend to imitate actions that they see. Physiologically, our brains include mirror neurons, which react to
actions that are seen as if we are doing the action ourselves. It is largely an unconscious and
automatic experience. When we hear people speak, observe their vocal nuances , watch their posture,
gestures, and facial expressions, etc, neural networks in our brains are stimulated by the”shared
representations” generating feelings within us that reflect the experience of those we are observing.
Options:
experience, nonsense, feeling, display, aim, imitate, react, nuances, differences, moderate, reflect
164. The Resultant Force (Prediction)

The overall result of two or more forces acting on an object is called the resultant force. The resultant
of two forces is a single force, which has the same effect as the two forces combined. If two forces
pull an object in opposite directions, the size of the resultant can be found by subtracting one force
from the other. If the forces are equal , they balance each other.
Options:
more, subtracting, distracting, opposite, same, equal, equally, compatible, adding
165. Climate (Prediction)

Climate is the word we use for weather over a long period of time. The desert has a dry climate,
because there is very little rain, The UK has a temperate climate, which means winters are, overall,
mild and summers, generally don't get too hot.
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Options:
is, are, describe, use, dry, damp, that, which, but, and
166. Plates (Prediction)

In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word tectonics comes from the
Greek root “to build”. Putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics,
which refers to how the Earth’s surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics states that the
Earth’s outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or larger and small plates that are
moving relative to one another.
Options:
Argue, foundation, relative, refers, states, fragmented, root, relevantly, broken, talks
167. Psychology (Prediction)

Psychology as a subject of study has largely developed in the West since the late nineteenth century.
During this period there has been an emphasis on scientific thinking. Because of this emphasis, there
have been many scientific studies in psychology which explore different aspects of human nature.
These include studies into how biology (physical factors) influence human experience, how people use
their senses (touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing) to get to know the world, how people develop, why
people behave in certain ways, how memory works, how people develop language, how
people understand and think about the world, what motivates people, why people have emotions and
how personality develops. These scientific investigations all contribute to an understanding of human
nature.
Options:
explore, find, senses, feelings, understand, perform, behave, investigations, findings
168. Plagiarism (Prediction)

How is plagiarism detected? It is usually easy for lecturers to identify plagiarism within students work.
The University also actively investigates plagiarism in students’ assessed work through electronic
detection software called Turnitin. This software compares students work against text on the Internet,
in journal articles and within previously submitted work(from LSBU and other institutions)and highlights
any matches it finds ..
Options:
To, finds, realizes, based on, against, distinguish, compares, submitted, given
169. UW Course Description (Prediction)

The UW course descriptions are updated regularly during the academic year. All announcements in the
General Catalog and Course Catalog are subject to change without notice and do not constitute
an agreement between the University of Washington and the student. Students should assume the
responsibility of consulting the appropriate academic unit or adviser for more current or specific
information.
Options:
updated, new, consulting, agreement, notice, alarm, contract, enquiring
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170. Civil Society and the Market (Prediction)

For too long we have held preconceived notions of ‘the’ market and ‘the’ state that were seemingly
independent of local societies and cultures. The debate about civil society ultimately is about how
culture, market and state relate to each other. Concern about civil society, however, is not only
relevant to central and eastern Europe and the developing world. It is very much of interest to the
European Union as well. The Civil Dialogue Initiated by the Commission in the 1990s was a first
attempt by the EU to give the institutions of society - and not only governments and businesses-a
voice at the policy-making tables in Brussels. The EU, like other international institutions, has a long
way to go in trying to accommodate the frequently divergent interests of non-governmental
organizations and citizen groups. There is increasing recognition that international and national
governments have to open up to civil society institutions.
Options:
accommodate, adjust, adapt, definition, recognition, fun, relate, attach, interest to
171. The Amount of Sleep (Prediction)

The amount of sleep you need depends on many factors , especially your age. Newborns sleep
between 16 and 18 hours a day and preschool children should sleep between 10 and 12 hours. Older
children and teens need at least nine hours to be well rested. For most adults, seven to eight hours a
night appears to the best amount of sleep. However, for some people" enough sleep" may be as few
as five hours or as many as 10 hours of sleep. As you get older, your sleeping patterns change. Older
adults tend to sleep more lightly and awaken more frequently in the night than younger adults. This
can have many causes including medical conditions and medications used to treat them. But there’s
no evidence that older adults need less sleep than younger adults. Getting enough sleep
is important to your health because it boosts your immune system, which makes your body better able
to fight disease. Sleep is necessary for your nervous system to work properly. Too little sleep makes
you drowsy and unable to concentrate. It also impairs memory and physical performance. So how
many hours of sleep are enough for You? Experts say that if you feel drowsy during the day — even
during boring activities - you are not getting enough sleep. Also, quality of sleep is just as important
as quantity. People whose sleep is frequently interrupted or cut short are not getting quality sleep. If
you experience frequent daytime sleepiness, even after increasing the amount of quality sleep you get,
talk to your doctor. He or she may be able to identify the cause of sleep problems and offer advice on
how to get a better night’s sleep.
Options:
factors, elements, contort, immune, reproductive, important, benevolent, processes, reasons,
respiration, patterns, identify
172. Milky Way System (Prediction)

Stars and the material between them are almost always found in gigantic stellar systems called
galaxies. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way System, happens to be one of the two largest systems in the
Local Group of two dozen or so galaxies. The other is the Andromeda galaxy; it stretches more than
one hundred thousand light-years from one end to the other, and it is located about two million light-
years distant from us.
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Options:
huge, stretches, located, route, solar, sketches, concerning, largest, stellar
173. People’s Savings (Prediction)

Friedman showed that, while people do save more when they earn more, it is only to spend later.
Those in work save against a time of sickness, unemployment or old age - but because the sick,
unemployed and elderly spend their savings, overall consumption does not fall as people get richer.
Options:
consumption, among, only, against, income, spend, merely, pay
174. Life changes (Prediction)

Research has suggested that major stresses in our lives are life changes , for example, moving house,
marriage or relationship breakdown. Work-related factors, including unemployment and boredom, are
also common causes of stress. Differences in personality may also play a part.
Options:
changes, results, causes, consisting, including, play, containing, account, experience
175. Concept of Culture (Prediction)

Many people today think of culture in the way that it was thought of in Europe during the 18th and
early 19th centuries. This concept of culture reflected inequalities within European societies and their
colonies around the world. This understanding of culture equates culture with civilization and contrasts
both with nature or non-civilization. According to this understanding of culture, some countries are
more civilized than others, and some people are more cultured than others. Anything that doesn’t FIT
into this category is labeled as chaos or anarchy. From this perspective, culture is closely tied to
cultivation, which is the progressive refinement of human behavior . In practice, culture referred to
elite goods and activities such as haute cuisine, high fashion or haute couture, museum-caliber art
and classical music. The word cultured referred to people who knew about and took part in these
activities. For example, someone who used culture in this sense might argue that classical music is
more refined than music by working-class people, such as jazz or the indigenous music traditions of
aboriginal peoples.
Options:
behavior, punchline, argue, concept, results, doubt, conscript
176. Agrarian Parties (Prediction)

Agrarian parties are political parties chiefly representing the interests of peasants or, more broadly, the
rural sector of society. The extent to which they are important, or whether they even exist, depends
mainly on two factors. One, obviously, is the size of an identifiable peasantry, or the size of the rural
relative to the urban population. The other is a matter of social integration: for agrarian parties to be
important, the representation of countryside or peasantry must not be integrated with the other major
sections of society. Thus a country might possess a sizeable rural population, but have an economic
system in which the interests of the voters were predominantly related to their incomes, rather
than their occupations or location; and in such a country the political system would be unlikely to
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include an important agrarian party.
Options:
with, rather than, to, for, whether, as, in, on
177. Health Professionals (Prediction)

People who visit health professionals tend to be older than the general population, because illness
increases with age. However, the proportion of the population who visited complementary
health therapists was highest between the ages 25 and 64 years. The lower rates for people aged 65
years and over contrasted with the rate of visits to other health professionals which increased steadily
with increasing age. The reasons for this difference might include lower levels of acceptance of
complementary therapies by older people. Alternatively, older people may have different treatment
priorities than do younger people because their health on average is worse while their incomes are
generally lower.
Options:
acceptance, public, proportion, independence, contrasted, majority, elder, health, therapists, doctors,
controlled, general
178. Impressionist Painters (Prediction)

Early impressionist painters were considered radical in their time because they broke many of the rules
of the picture-making that had been set by earlier generations . They found many of their subjects in
life around them rather than in history, which was then the accepted source of subject matter for
paintings.
Options:
radical, outcome, subjects, conciliatory, generations, creatures, source
179. Radioactivity (Prediction)

So why is it a concern? It is because radioactivity is invisible and unsensed, and for that reason is
perceived as scary. Nevertheless , we understand quite well the radiation levels to which people can
be exposed without harm, and those levels are orders of magnitude above the typical background
levels.
Options:
exposed, Nevertheless, But, because, magnitude, which, length
180. People Need Exercise (Prediction)

One thing is certain. Most people do not get enough exercise in their ordinary routines. All of the
advances of modern technology - from electric can openers to power steering - have made life
easier, more comfortable and much less physically demanding . Yet our bodies need activity, especially
if they are carrying around too much fat. Satisfying this need requires a definite plan, and a
commitment.
Options:
formal, demanding, original, electric, much, ordinary, requiring
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181. Disadvantage in Early Childhood (Prediction)

Disadvantage in early childhood poses multiple risks to children's development. Factors such as low
socioeconomic status, long-term unemployment of parents, and social isolation may have
lasting impacts on a child's chance of reaching their full potential. Whilst not eliminating disadvantage,
preschool education can help to lessen the effects of these risk factors and can provide children with
a better start to school. However, some of these factors may also be barriers to preschool attendance
for groups that would benefit most from preschool education. In Australia, the early years of children's
education is the responsibility of man government and non-government agencies and it occurs in a
range of settings. Preschool is aimed at children around four years of age to prepare them for
compulsory schooling from the age of six years. In most states and territories, children can start full-
time schooling at five years of age, when they enrol in a kindergarten or preparatory year. In 2001, just
over half of five-year olds (57%) were at school with about a third (34%) attending preschool. While in
some states and territories children can commence preschool before they turn four, participation rates
for three-year olds are much lower than four-year olds (24% compared with 56% for four-year olds in
2001). The preschool participation rate of four-year olds in 2001 (56%) was similar to the rate in 1991
(58%).
Options:
significance, commence, barriers, prevent, impacts, enhance, lessen, prepare, support
182. Children Skip School (Prediction)

Children who skip school are increasingly on family holidays, government figures revealed today.
And, fewer children played truant this spring term compared with the spring term last year. Children
missed 3m unauthorised days of school last term, compared with 3.7m days of school in the same
period last year. But a hardcore group of truants - 6% of the school population - who account for
more than three-quarters of all those on unauthorised absence, are more likely to be on a family
holiday than they were in the same period last year. Some 1.2% of all absence was for family holidays
not agreed by their school last term, compared with 0.9% for the same term last year. More than 60%
of all absences were for illness, the same figure as last year.
Options:
hardcore, played, fewer, agreed, way, period, most
183. Colorful Poison Frogs (Prediction)

Colorful poison frogs in the Amazon owe their great diversity to ancestors that leapt into the region
from the Andes Mountains several times during the last 10 million years, a new study from The
University of Texas at Austin suggests. This is the first study to show that the Andes have been
a major source of diversity for the Amazon basin, one of the largest reservoirs of biological diversity on
Earth. The finding runs counter to the idea that Amazonian diversity is the result of evolution only
within the tropical forest itself. "Basically, the Amazon basin is a melting pot for South American
frogs," says graduate student Juan Santos, lead author of the study. "Poison frogs there have come
from multiple places of origin, notably the Andes Mountains, over many millions of years. We have
shown that you cannot understand Amazonian biodiversity by looking only in the basin. Adjacent
regions have played a major role."
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Options:
reservoirs, essential, major, diversity, accordant, tropical, counter, territories, rain
184. Steven Pinker (Prediction)

Steven Pinker, a cognitive psychologist best known for his book "The Language Instinct", has called
music "auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six
of our mental faculties." If it vanished from our species, he said, "the rest of our lifestyle would
be virtually unchanged." Others have argued that, on the contrary , music, along with art and
literature, is part of what makes people human; its absence would have a brutalising effect. Philip Ball,
a British science writer and an avid music enthusiast, comes down somewhere in the middle. He says
that music is ingrained in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions. We have a music instinct as
much as a language instinct, and could not rid ourselves of it if we tried.
Options:
sense, virtually, vanished, contrast, remained, avid, avoidable, ingrained, instinct, contrary
185. Science Warn Global Warming (Prediction)

You may well ask why science did not warn us of global warming sooner; I think that there are several
reasons. We were from the 1970s until the end of the century distracted by the important global
problem of stratospheric ozone depletion, which we knew was manageable. We threw all our efforts
into it and succeeded but had little time to spend on climate change. Climate science was also
neglected because twentieth-century science failed to recognize the true nature of Earth as
a responsive self-regulating entity. Biologists were so carried away by Darwin's great vision that they
failed to see that living things were tightly coupled to their material environment and that evolution
concerns the whole Earth system with living organisms an integral part of it. Earth is not the Goldilocks
planet of the solar system sitting at the right place for life. It was in this favourable state some two
billion years ago but now our planet has to work hard, against ever increasing heat from the Sun, to
keep itself habitable . We have chosen the worst of times to add to its difficulties.
Options:
focusing on, ozone, integral, responsive, recognize, alive, distracted by, habitable, decide
186. Wolf's Perspective (Prediction)

From the wolf's perspective, this is clearly good news. But it also had beneficial effects on the ecology
of the park, according to a study published in 2004 by William Ripple and Robert Beschta from Oregon
State University. In their paper in Bio Science, the two researchers showed that reintroducing the
wolves was correlated with increased growth of willow and cottonwood in the park. Why? Because
grazing animals such as elk were avoiding sites from which they couldn't easily escape, the
scientists claimed . And as the woody plants and trees grew taller and thicker,
beaver colonies expanded.
Options:
interacted, claimed, avoiding, encountering, correlated, colonies, denied
187. Exams Looming (Prediction)
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It's that time again! Exams looming, essays or reports outstanding and you wonder where the years
gone already. You start wondering how you're going to cope with it all. A limited amount of anxiety can
help you to be more motivated and more purposeful . It can help you to plan your work and to think
more clearly and logically about it. In other words, it can help you stay on top of things. Sit down at
your desk and make a start on writing down all the things you have to do to prepare for the exams.
Options:
emotion, wondering, logically, imagining, purposeful, prepare, score, anxiety, carefully
188. Environmentalists (Prediction)

Although environmentalists have been warning about this situation for decades, many other people are
finally beginning to realise that if we don't act soon it will be too late. The good news is that more and
more businesses and governments are beginning to understand that without a healthy environment the
global economy and everything that depends on it will be seriously endangered. And they are beginning
to take positive action.
Options:
positive, explain, useful, neutral, warning, understand, caution
189. Symbiosis (Prediction)

Symbiosis is a biological relationship in which two species live in close proximity to each other and
interact regularly in such a way as to benefit one or both of the organisms. When both partners
benefit, this variety of symbiosis is known as mutualism.
Options:
metaphor, close, variety, neither, distant, both, relationship
190. The Sun and the Moon (Prediction)

In these distant times the sun was seen to make its daily journey across the sky. At night the moon
appeared. Every new night the moon waxed or waned a little and on a few nights it did not appear at
all. At night the great dome of the heavens was dotted with tiny specks of light. They became known
as the stars. It was thought that every star in the heavens had its own purpose and that the secrets of
the universe could be discovered by making a study of them. It was well known that there were
wandering stars, they appeared in different nightly positions against their neighbours and they became
known as planets. It took centuries, in fact it took millennia, for man to determine the true nature of
these wandering stars and to evolve a model of the world to accommodate them and to predict their
positions in the sky.
Options:
secret, determine, assume, predict, secrets, seemed, became, journey
191. Australia and New Zealand (Prediction)

Australia and New Zealand have many common links. Both countries were recently settled by
Europeans, are predominantly English speaking and in that sense, share a common cultural heritage .
Although in close proximity to one another, both countries are geographically isolated and have small
populations by world standards . They have similar histories and enjoy close relations on many fronts.
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In terms of population characteristics , Australia and New Zealand have much in common. Both
countries have minority indigenous populations, and during the latter half of the 20th century have
seen a steady stream of migrants from a variety of regions throughout the world. Both countries
have experienced similar declines in fertility since the high levels recorded during the baby boom, and
alongside this have enjoyed the benefits of continually improving life expectancy. One consequence of
these trends is that both countries are faced with an ageing population, and the associated challenge
of providing appropriate care and support for this growing group within the community
Options:
heritage, associated, witness, limitation, characteristics, history, experienced, standards, tradition,
shared
192. Surface Water (Prediction)

Chemicals used to control weeds in crops such as corn and soybeans may sometimes run off
farmland and enter surface water bodies such as lakes and streams. If a surface water body that is
used as a drinking water supply receives excess amounts of these herbicides, then the municipal
water treatment plant must filter them out in order for the water to be safe to drink. This added
filtration process can be expensive. Farmers can help control excess herbicides in runoff by choosing
chemicals that bind with soil more readily, are less toxic, or degrade more quickly. Additionally,
selecting the best tillage practice can help minimize herbicide pollution .
Options:
damages, sink, ground, filtration, drinking, filter, pollution, eating, absorbing, soil
193. Truancy (Prediction)

In reality, however, the causes of truancy and non-attendance are diverse and multifaceted. There
are as many causes of non-attendance as there are non-attenders. Each child has her
own unique story, and whilst there may often be certain identifiable factors in common, each non-
attending child demands and deserves an individual response, tailored to meet her individual needs.
This applies equally to the 14-year-old who fails to attend school because a parent is terminally ill, the
overweight 11 -year-old who fails to attend because he is embarrassed about changing for PE in front
of peers, the 15-year-old who is 'bored' by lessons, and to the seven-year-old who is teased in the
playground because she does not wear the latest designer-label clothes.
Options:
reluctant, equally, same, deserves, explicit, implicit, unique, requires, embarrassed
194. White Paper (Prediction)

Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas:
- How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store which the busy
and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the
materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience. In that, all our
knowledge is founded ; and from that it ultimately derives it self.
Options:
fancies, boundless, void, useless, sight, founded, derives, sponsored
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195. Retirement (Prediction)

For a start, we need to change our concept of 'retirement', and we need to change mindsets arising
from earlier government policy which, in the face of high unemployment levels, encouraged mature
workers to take early retirement. Today, government encourages them to delay their retirement. We
now need to think of retirement as a phased process, where mature age workers gradually reduce
their hours, and where they have considerable flexibility in how they combine their work and non work
time. We also need to recognise the broader change that is occurring in how people work, learn, and
live. Increasingly we are moving away from a linear relationship between education, training, work, and
retirement, as people move in and out of jobs, careers, caregiving, study, and leisure. Employers of
choice remove the barriers between the different segments of people's lives, by creating flexible
conditions of work and a range of leave entitlements. They take an individualised approach to
workforce planning and development so that the needs of employers and employees can be
met simultaneously . This approach supports the different transitions that occur across the life course
- for example, school to work, becoming a parent, becoming responsible for the care of older
relatives, and moving from work to retirement.
Options:
mind, gradually, wait, barriers, concept, simultaneously, extend, suddenly, similarities, delay
196. Just-in-time (Prediction)

'Just-in-time' is a management philosophy and not a technique. It originally referred to the production
of goods to meet customer demand exactly, in time, quality and quantity, whether the 'customer' is
the final purchaser of the product or another process further along the production line. It has now
come to mean producing with minimum waste. 'Waste' is taken in its most general sense and includes
time and resources as well as materials.
Options:
where, claim, demand, maximum, whether, further, minimum
197. Study space (Prediction)

You can study anywhere. Obviously, some places are better than others. Libraries, study lounges or
private rooms are best. Above all, the place you choose to study should not be distracting .
Distractions can build up , and the first thing you know, you're out of time and out of luck. Make
choosing a good physical environment a part of your study habits .
Options:
nice, establish, attracting, part, better, show, member, habits, traditions, distracting, build up
198. Shark's Personalities (Prediction)

Down the road, the study authors write, a better understanding of sharks' personalities may help
scientists learn more about what drives their choice of things like prey and habitat . Some sharks are
shy, and some are outgoing; some are adventurous , and some prefer to stick close to what they
know, information that could prove useful in making sense of larger species-wide behaviour patterns .
Options:
personalities, habits, dangerous, habitat, patterns, habitant, inhabitants, traits, extrovert, adventurous
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199. The Origins of Music (Prediction)

Music is an important part of our lives. We connect and interact with it daily and use it as a way of
projecting our self-identities to the people around us. The music we enjoy - whether it's country or
classical, rock n' roll or rap - reflects who we are. But where did music, at its core, first come from?
It's a puzzling question that may not have a definitive answer. One leading researcher, however, has
proposed that the key to understanding the origin of music is nestled snugly in the loving bond
between mother and child. In a lecture at the University of Melbourne, Richard Parncutt, an
Australian-born professor of systematic musicology, endorsed the idea that music originally spawned
from 'motherese' - the playful voices mothers adopt when speaking to infants and toddlers. As the
theory goes, increased human brain sizes caused by evolutionary changes occurring between one and
2,000,000 years ago resulted in earlier births, more fragile infants and a critical need for stronger
relationships between mothers and their newborn babies. According to Parncutt, who is based at the
University of Graz in Austria, 'motherese' arose as a way to strengthen this maternal bond and to
help ensure an infant's survival.
Options:
shows, adopt, children, ensure, individuals, necessary, people, infants, critical, leading, means, protect,
reflects
200. Sustainable Job Growth (Prediction)

"Sustainable Job Growth" is a motto for many governments, especially in the aftermath of a recession.
The problem of 'job quality' is less often addressed and may be seen as hindering job growth. The
sentiment 'any job is better than no job' may resonate with governments as well as people, especially
in the context of high unemployment. However, if the balance between improving the quality
of existing jobs and creating new jobs becomes greatly imbalanced towards the latter, this could
increase work stress among current and future workers, which in turn has health, economic and social
costs. A recent British Academy Policy Centre Report on Stress at Work highlights these concerns ,
and describes the context, determinants and consequences of work-related stress in Britain.
Options:
demolishing, balance, problems, existing, equality, current, matters, concerns, recent, obstruct,
consisting, ongoing, hindering
201. Genius (Prediction)

Genius, in the popular conception, is inextricably tied up with precocity - doing something truly
creative, we're inclined to think, requires the freshness and exuberance and energy of youth. Orson
Welles made his masterpiece, "Citizen Kane," at twenty-five. Herman Melville wrote a book a
year through his late twenties, culminating, at age thirty-two, with "Moby-Dick." Mozart wrote his
breakthrough Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-Flat-Major at the age of twenty-one. In some creative forms,
like lyric poetry, the importance of precocity has hardened into an iron law. How old was T. S. Eliot
when he wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" ("I grow old ... I grow old")? Twenty-three.
"Poets peak young," the creativity researcher James Kaufman maintains. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the
author of "Flow," agrees: "The most creative lyric verse is believed to be that written by the young."
According to the Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, a leading authority on creativity, "Lyric poetry
is a domain where talent is discovered early, burns brightly, and then peters out at an early age."
Options:
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talent, industry, key, intellectual, domain, originality, creativity, icon, across, time, age, through,
importance, authority
202. Kids Distinguish Commercial Ads (Prediction)

From a child's point of view, what is the purpose of TV advertising? Is advertising on TV done to give
actors the opportunity to take a rest or practice their lines ? Or is it done to make people buy things?
Furthermore, is the main difference between programs and commercials that commercials are for real,
whereas programs are not, or that programs are for kids and commercials for adults? As has been
shown several times in the literature (e.g. Butter et al. 1981 Donohue, Henke, and Donohue 1980
Macklin 1983 and 1987 Robertson and Rossiter 1974 Stephens and Stutts 1982), some children are
able to distinguish between programs and commercials and are aware of the intent of TV advertising,
whereas others are not.
Options:
known, distinguish, difference, exercise, disparity, lines, conflict, practice, tell, aware
203. Child-Centric Mother (Prediction)

The conducted study serves three objectives. The first objective is to reveal the values loaded to the
child by the child-centric mother's attitude and the effect of 5-6-year-old nursery school children on
the purchasing decision of families who belong to a high socio-economic class. The second objective
is to develop a child centricity scale and the third object is to examine the attitude and
behaviour differences between low child-centric and high child-centric mothers. Analysing the data
gathered from 257 mother respondents, the researchers have found that the lowest influence of the
child upon the purchasing decisions of the family are those which carry high purchasing risk and are
used by the whole family, whereas the highest influence of the child upon the purchasing decision of
the family are the products with low risk used by the whole family. Findings also reveal that there are
statistically significant differences between the high child-centric and low child-centric mothers
regarding purchasing products that are highly risky and used by the whole family.
Options:
prices, eliminate, remove, develop, similarities, omitting, misunderstanding, values, differences,
skimming, Analysing
204. Rampant Corruption (Prediction)

The inevitable consequences include rampant corruption, an absence of globally competitive Latin
American companies, chronic waste of resources, rampant environmental degradation and soaring
inequality. Above all, the monopoly over power of an ideologically bankrupt party is inconsistent with
the pluralism of opinion, security of property and vibrant competition on which a dynamic economy
depends. As a result, Latin American development remains parasitic on know-how and institutions
developed elsewhere.
Options:
include, chronic, inconsistent, degradation, conclude, consistent, slowly, improvement, inconsiderate
205. Planes (Prediction)
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By 2025, government experts' say, America's skies will swarm with three times as many as planes, and
not just the kind of traffic flying today. There will be thousands of tiny jets, seating six or fewer, at
airliner altitudes , competing for space with remotely operated drones that need help avoiding mid-
air collisions , and with commercially operated rockets carrying satellites and tourists into space.
Options:
thousands, satellites, collisions, much, altitudes, many, times, time, least, piles, traffic, passengers
206. Orchestra (Prediction)

Away from the rumble of Shanghai's highways and the cacophony of the shopping districts, stroll down
side streets filled with rows of tall brick houses . In the early evening or on a weekend morning, you'll
hear the sound of classical music drifting from a piano, played by a 10-year old or a grandmother in
her seventies. And, wander down another alley toward concrete skyscrapers and you'll hear Beethoven
or Mozart flowing from a violin, or perhaps a cello, accordion or flute. In China, classical music
is booming as mightily as the 1812 Overture. Commanding ¥I00-200 per hour, private
music teachers in Shanghai can readily earn more than five times the average per capita monthly
income.
Options:
houses, skyscrapers, drifting, wander, sound, voice, booming, plummeting, climb, playing, tempo,
chefs, teachers
207. Kashmiri (Prediction)

Two decades ago, Kashmiri houseboat-owners rubbed their hands every spring at the prospect of the
annual influx of tourists . From May to October, the hyacinth-choked waters of Dal Lake saw flotillas
of vividly painted Shikaras carrying Indian families, boho westerners, young travellers and wide-eyed
Japanese. Carpet-sellers honed their skills, as did purveyors of anything remotely embroidered while
the house boats initiated by the British Raj provided unusual accommodation. Then, in 1989, separatist
and Islamist militancy attacked and everything changed. Hindus and countless Kashmiri business
people bolted , at least 35,000 people were killed in a decade, the lake stagnated, and the houseboats
rotted. Any foreigners venturing there risked their lives , proved in 1995 when five young Europeans
were kidnapped and murdered.
Options:
lives, attacked, competed, bolted, beliefs, tourists, employees, waters
208. Ikebana (Prediction)

More than simply putting flowers in a container , ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and
humanity are brought together. Contrary to the idea of a particolored or multicolored arrangement of
blossoms, ikebana often emphasizes other areas of the plant , such as its stems and leaves, and puts
emphasis on shape, line, and form. Though ikebana is an expression of creativity, certain rules govern
its form.
Options:
crevice, container, commitment, creature, arrangement, plant, expression, illusion
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209. Reality (Camus' text) (Prediction)

Surely, reality is what we think it is; reality is revealed to us by our experiences. To one extent or
another, this view of reality is one many of us hold, if only implicitly. I certainly find myself thinking this
way in day-to-day life; it's easy to be seduced by the face nature reveals directly to our senses. Yet,
in the decades since first encountering Camus' text, I've learned that modern science tells a very
different story.
Options:
seduced, explicitly, revealed, discovered, extent, thought, remembering, reveals, imposes, introducing,
encountering, thinking, tells
210. Sportswomen (Prediction)

Sportswomen's records are important and need to be preserved. And if the paper records don't exist ,
we need to get out and start interviewing people, not to put too fine a point on it, while we still have
a chance . After all, if the records aren't kept in some form or another, then the stories are lost too.
Options:
Appear, focus, admit, exist, opportunity, point, chance, lost, disappear
211. University Science (Prediction)

University science is now in real crisis - particularly the non-telegenic, non-ology bits of it such as
chemistry. Since 1996, 28 universities have stopped offering chemistry degrees, according to the Royal
Society of Chemistry. The society predicts that as few as six departments (those at Durham,
Cambridge, Imperial, UCL, Bristol and Oxford) could remain open by 2014. Most recently，Exeter
University closed down its chemistry department, blaming it on "market forces", and Bristol took in
some of the refugees. The closures have been blamed on a fall in student applications, but money is
a factor : chemistry degrees are expensive to provide - compared with English, for example - and
some scientists say that the way the government concentrates research funding on a small number of
top departments, such as Bristol, exacerbates the problem .
Options:
motive, witnesses, fall, rise, problem, funding, factor, predicts
212. Plainness (Prediction)

Now that doesn't mean that plainness is the only good style, or that you should become a slave to
spare, unadorned writing. Formality and ornateness have their place, and in competent hands
complexity can carry us on a dizzying, breathtaking journey. But most students, most of the time,
should strive to be sensibly simple, to develop a baseline style of short words, active verbs, and
relatively simple sentences conveying clear actions or identities. It's faster, it makes arguments easier
to follow, it increases the chances a busy reader will bother to pay attention, and it lets
you focus more attention on your moments of rhetorical flourish, which I do not advise abandoning
altogether.
Options:
slave, expert, competent, strive, pay, available, focus, combining, conveying
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213. Ice Storm (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Ice storms are dangerous types of ....(weather) .....(cold)rainfall turned to ice Ice storms left.....
(more) than Electricity cutoff....(after) ice storms hit down the wire. Other options: climate, before, icy
214. Chaucer’s Tales (Prediction)

Chaucer' s Tales quickly spread through England in the early fifteenth century. Scholars feel The
Canterbury Tales reached their instant and continued success because of their accurate and
oftentimes vivid portrayal of human nature, unchanged through 600 years since Chaucer' s time
George Macy, founder of The Limited Editions Club wrote on The Canterbury Tales.
Options:
reached, arrived, spread, purged, pictographic, vivid
215. Recruitment Tool (Prediction)

The six programs represented here report that word of mouth is by far their most effective recruitment
tool, particularly because it typically yields candidates who are similar to previously successful
candidates. Moreover, satisfied candidates and school systems are likely to spread the word without
any special effort on the part of their program. Other, less personal advertising approaches, such as
radio and television spots and local newspaper advertisements, have also proven fruitful, especially for
newer programs. New York uses a print advertising campaign to inspire dissatisfied professionals to
become teachers. Subway posters send provocative messages to burned-out or disillusioned
professionals. "Tired of diminishing returns? Invest in NYC kids" was just one of many Madison
Avenue-inspired invitations. News coverage has also proven to be a boon to alternative programs.
When the New York Times, for example, ran a story about the district’s alternative route program,
2,100 applications flooded in over the next six weeks.
Options:
effective, strength, boom, various, across, ultimately, boon, effort, especially, spread
216. American Executive (Prediction)

The American executive, unlike the British, has no connection with the legislature, and this lack
of coordination between executive and legislature is one of the distinctive features of American federal
government. The Constitution guarded against executive control by disqualifying federal officials,
whether civil or military, from membership in Congress.
Options:
disqualifying, subordination, obvious, coordination, distinctive, dissatisfying, connection
217. AVG (Prediction)

Currently, there is concern about the increasing amount of time children spend in sedentary activities,
the number of children who fail to achieve minimal daily physical activity guidelines (i.e. 60 min of
moderate-to vigorous intensity activities every day), and the apparent increase in obesity prevalence
as a result of such sedentary behaviors . Screen-based activities, including television viewing and
playing computer games are among the most frequently observed sedentary activities that children
partake with children spending 2.5–4 h per day participating in such activities. The introduction of
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“active video games” (AVGs) into the gaming market presents an opportunity to convert traditional,
sedentary screen-time in to active screen-time and thus increase total daily energy expenditure (EE).
Modern AVGs utilize cameras and motion sensors to allow the gamer to physically perform a variety of
actions, dependent on the console, such as swinging a tennis racquet or running. The most
demanding AVGs provided similar responses to walking and, based on international standards, should
be classified as low-intensity activities. Whilst AVGs may provide children with a better alternative to
sedentary gaming, they are not a sufficient replacement for normal physical activity, e.g. sports and
outdoor play.
Options:
enough, decisions, repetition, focusing, behaviors, dependent, minimal, replacement
218. Australian Business Etiquette (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关键词是Business etiquette in Australia relatively America and European of openness
blunt and transparent Asian Australian business etiquette .. America and Europe，but it （differs）...
taken in Asia，.....less blunt and （hierarchical）.....Egalitarian ... than it was，......（transparent）选项
有 contributes ，unusable

Points: 讲的是how to confidently communicate in a group. 是⼏个key points的形式. · 第⼀点：
confident to “make 还是 offer ” presentations · 第⼆点： try to “control” the group ·第三点：dont
afriad to ask “basic” question 阅读还没出分，请⼤家斟酌！

Points: 有⼀道题讲bilingual的重要性。⾥⾯有⼀句话是 _______ excellence in English - our _____
language. 我选的demonstrating和native，⽂章前半部分说⼤学⽣的语⾔如何，⼀共四个空，如果有⼈找到原
⽂我可以挖空。选项迷惑性不是特别⾼，⽂章和选词都没有难词。
221. Teenage Daughter (Prediction)

Your teenage daughter gets top marks in school, captains the debate team, and volunteers at a
shelter for homeless people. But while driving the family car, she text-messages her best friend and
rear-ends another vehicle. How can teens be so clever, accomplished, and responsible-and
reckless at the same time ? Easily, according to two physicians at Children's Hospital Boston and
Harvard Medical School (HMS) who have been exploring the unique structure and chemistry of
the adolescent brain. "The teenage brain is not just an adult brain with fewer miles on it," says
Frances E. Jensen, a professor of neurology. "It's a paradoxical time of development . These are
people with very sharp brains, but they're not quite sure what to do with them."
Options:
explored, adult, respectively, sharp, exploring, unique, adolescent, at the same time
222. Volcanoes (Prediction)

Volcanoes blast more than 100 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year but the
gas is usually harmless . When a volcano erupts, carbon dioxide spreads out into the atmosphere and
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isn't concentrated in one spot. But sometimes the gas gets trapped underground under enormous
pressure. If it escapes to the surface in a dense cloud , it can push out oxygen-rich air and become
deadly.
Options:
cloud, focused, concentrated, dangerous, harmless, underground, aimed, air, harmful, atmosphere,
underwater
223. Allure of Book (Prediction)

The allure of the book has always been negative and positive , for the texts and pictures between the
covers have helped many young readers to discover and grasp the world around them in a pleasurable
and meaningful way. But the allure has also enabled authors and publishers to prey upon young
readers' dispositions and desires and to sell them a menu that turns out to be junk food.
Options:
prey, beneficial, sell, invent, positive, show, present, read, find, pray, discover
224. Microorganism (Prediction)

Although for centuries preparations derived from living matter were applied to wounds to
destroy infection ,the fact that a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was
not established until the latter half of the 19th century. When Pasteur noted the antagonistic effect of
other bacteria on the anthrax organism and pointed out that this action might be put
to therapeutic use.
Options:
convinced, capable, infection, material, therapeutic, established, contamination, matter
225. Consumption Pattern (Prediction)

Differential rates of price change can also shape consumption patterns. To satisfy their needs and
wants, consumers sometimes choose to substitute spending on a particular product or service with
spending on an alternative product or service in response to a relative price movement of the items.
Options:
convince, pending, satisfy, substitute, assure, relative
226. Reading (Prediction)

Reading is an active process, not a passive one. We always read within a specific context, and this
affects what we notice and what seems to matter. We always have a purpose in reading a text, and
this will shape how we approach it. Our purpose and background knowledge will also determine the
strategies we use to read the text.
Options:
predominate, specific, approach, digital, determine, passive, volume
227. Answering Questions (Prediction)
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You have about 30 minutes to answer each question. You must take account of how many marks
are available for each part when you answer it Even if you think you can write more, don't spend 15
minutes answering a part worth only 5 marks. Leave space at the end of your answer and come back
to it if you have time to spare later. And if you can't think of an answer to some part, leave a space
and move on to the next part. Don't write about something else if you don't know the correct answer
— this is just a waste of your valuable time (and the examiner's).
Options:
time, accelerated, routine, valuable, available, answering
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Fill in the Blanks (Reading & Writing)

Repeat Rate: 22%
1. Gauss (New) (Prediction)

Gauss was a child prodigy. There are many anecdotes concerning his precocity as a child, and he
made his first ground-breaking mathematical discoveries while still a teenager. At just three years old,
he corrected an error in his father payroll calculations, and he was looking after his father's accounts
on a regular basis by the age of 5. At the age of 7, he is reported to have amazed his teachers by
summing the integers from 1 to 100 almost instantly (having quickly spotted that the sum was actually
50 pairs of numbers, with each pair summing to 101, total 5,050). By the age of 12, he was already
attending gymnasium and criticizing Euclid's geometry.
Options:
1) denials, genres, hypotheses, anecdotes
2) patents, discoveries, sketches, exaggerations
3) indulged, circumscribed, corrected, created
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #192)
2. Dog Emotion (New) (Prediction)

Can dogs tell when we are happy, sad or angry? As a dog owner, I feel confident not only that I can
tell what kind of emotional state my pets are in, but also that they respond to my emotions. Yet as a
hard-headed scientist, I try to take a more rational and pragmatic view. These personal observations
seem more likely to result from my desire for a good relationship with my dogs.
Options:
1) relieved, sententious, embarrassed, confident
2) political, emotional, financial, physical
3) irregular, chaste, stoical, rational
4) communal, discrete, absurd, personal
3. Physical Activity (New) (Prediction)

Participating regularly in physical activity has been shown to benefit an individual's health
and wellbeing . Regular physical activity is important in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as
heart disease and stroke, obesity, diabetes and some forms of cancer. The National Physical Activity
Guidelines for Adults recommends at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical
activity, preferably every day of the week, to obtain health benefits.
Options:
1) values, immortality, expectation, wellbeing
2) chronic, contraindicated, untouched, detectable
3) excludes, recommends, denotes, defies
4) relatively, absolutely, preferably, namely
5) charge, obtain, weigh, estimate
4. Studying Law (Prediction)

It is important to emphasize the need for hard work as an essential part of studying law, because far
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too many students are tempted to think that they can succeed by relying on what they imagine to be
their natural ability, without bothering to add the expenditure of effort. To take an analogy some
people prefer the more or less instant gratification which comes from watching television adaptation of
a classic novel to the rather more laborious process of reading the novel itself. Those
who prefer watching television to reading the book are less likely to study law successfully, unless they
rapidly acquire a taste for text-based materials.
Options:
1) omit, overrate, exaggerate, emphasize
2) classification, estimation, prevention, gratification
3) stagnant, trenchant, laborious, laconic
4) prefer, hesitate, link, dislike
5) taste, label, registration, status
5. Migrating Birds (Prediction)

For birdwatchers in southern New Mexico, September can be highly entertaining. Good numbers of
many diverse species are on the move during this time, traveling southward from northern breeding
grounds to places they will spend the winter, and there's always a chance that some rare or unusual
bird will turn up . Key to the flow of migrating birds through the area is our geography. Birds crossing
over the southwest deserts tend to follow north-south watercourses like the Rio Grande and/or
corridors of relatively green vegetation, whether that be cottonwoods and willows lining the valleys or
the coniferous forests of the higher mountains. Shorebirds, gulls, ducks and other birds that are
closely associated with water typically follow the river southward, unless a desert playa along the way
happens to catch their eye and divert them. Migrating land birds, on the other hand, are looking for
places to stop and rest on the southward journey, where they can feed on seeds, berries or insects to
refuel for the next leg of their trip. Heading south out of Albuquerque, where the surrounding high
mountains and lush, wide cottonwood bosques offer an abundance of habitat, they reach our area and
are funneled into a relatively narrow sliver of foraging choices.
Options:
1) characters, limitations, species, positions
2) staying, eating, traveling, living
3) away, down, off, up
6. Kashmiri (Prediction)
Two decades ago, Kashmiri houseboat-owners rubbed their hands every spring at the prospect of the
annual influx of tourists . From May to October, the hyacinth-choked waters of Dal Lake saw flotillas
of vividly painted Shikaras carrying Indian families, boho westerners, young travellers and wide-eyed
Japanese. Carpet-sellers honed their skills, as did purveyors of anything remotely embroidered while
the house boats initiated by the British Raj provided unusual accommodation. Then, in 1989, separatist
and Islamist militancy attacked and everything changed. Hindus and countless Kashmiri business
people bolted , at least 35,000 people were killed in a decade, the lake stagnated, and the houseboats
rotted. Any foreigners venturing there risked their lives , proved in 1995 when five young Europeans
were kidnapped and murdered.
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Options:
1) volunteers, watchdogs, employees, tourists
2) waters, connection, atmosphere, volume
3) fell, enacted, followed, attacked
4) reigned, flourished, bolted, rose
5) credits, insurances, lives, contributions
7. Welfare Morality (Prediction)

The morality of the welfare state depends on contribution and responsibility. Since some people don't
contribute and many are irresponsible, the choices of those who do contribute and are responsible are
either to tolerate the free riders, refuse to pay for the effects of their irresponsibility or trust the state
to educate them. Hence the government campaigns against smoking, alcoholism, obesity and gas
guzzling ‐ the first two solidly in place, the other two ramping up. But the British state now goes
further: it acts in favor of sexual and racial minorities. In the case of gay men and women this means
progressively removing the legal disadvantages under which they have lived, and ensuring that society
as a whole observes the new order.
Options:
1) tolerate, believe, overlook, misunderstand
2) effects, contents, appearances, causes
3) educate, breach, divide, muster
8. Humans and Chimpanzees (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About humans, such a higher species. One criterion is of the usage of tools. Although
chimpanzees also use tools, they can't free from (the hands / two hands / the two hands / hands).
With any evolution they can only use tools in a simple way.
9. Poetry (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About teachers teaching students to write poetry. Some teachers used not to encourage
students to write poetry, but it is proved that confidence is very important to write poetry.
10. Bees (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About bees gathering nectar with four blanks. The third blank: ...animals and plants (co-
operated or collaborated); The forth blank: ...they work together dependent on this activity, but if the
number of one part declines, there will be a devastating impact on the other party.
11. Killer Whale (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About killer whale. The killer whale is not like other animals because other animals go hunting
by a fixed sex.
12. Interaction (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: ...give an（）definition, ...whether actors, performers in different programs need to interact
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with audience...(nevertheless, therefore).

13. Ozone (Prediction)

Clones of an Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) in the Bronx and other city spots grew to double
the biomass of clones planted outside small towns upstate or on Long Island, says Jillian Gregg, now
of the Environmental Protection Agency's western-ecology division in Corvallis, Ore. The growth gap
comes from ozone damage, she and her New York colleagues report. Ozone chemists have known
that concentrations may spike skyscraper high in city air, but during a full 24 hours, rural trees actually
get a higher cumulative ozone exposure from urban pollution that blows in and lingers. A series of new
experiments now shows that this hang-around ozone is the overwhelming factor in tree growth, the
researchers say in the July 10 Nature. "This study has profound importance in showing us most vividly
that rural areas pay the price for urban pollution," says Stephen P. Long of the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. "This work should be a wake-up call," he adds.
Options:
1) implanted, supplanted, fused, planted
2) climbs, stays, blows, strikes
3) overwhelming, overrated, overacting, overestimated
4) quote, pay, refund, copy
14. Ikebana (Prediction)

More than simply putting flowers in a container ,Ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and
humanity are brought together. Contrary to the idea of a particolored or multicolored arrangement of
blossoms, Ikebana often emphasizes other areas of the plant ,such as its stems and leaves, and puts
emphasis on shape, line, and form. Though Ikebana is an expression of creativity, certain rules govern
its form. The artist's intention behind each arrangement is shown through a piece's color
combinations, natural shapes, graceful lines, and the implied meaning of the arrangement .
Options:
1) shape, way, container, fashion
2) restricted, random, disciplined, fleeting
3) stipulation, idea, muddle, dictation
4) flora, plant, organism, fauna
5) stimulation, arrangement, duplication, augmentation
15. City Parks (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About a city's afforestation. ...but （despite）this approach....，it is just one of (actions).... A
park built in the city is the (lungs) of the city...
16. Pesticides (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: pesticides 帮助经济增⻓但是（however是个空）对 wildlife 有 side effect，中间解释怎么好包括
增⼤⽣产量（consequentely ）以及价格边低，but 现在看起来还是⼀个（a bad idea）；有个空选项是农
药提⾼了产量，增加农⺠收⼊ and consequently / finally / surely / consistently 降低了消费者买菜的价
格； attention 那个选项的⼲扰词是opinion，bad idea 那个也有个⼲扰项，但是忘了；其中⼀个选项的正确
答案是 high cost
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17. Horseman (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About headless horseman, who needs to find a head the same as he used to have. And this is
a story about Halloween. Blank 1: headless and (heartless); Blank x: collectively or collectedly.
18. Healthcare (Prediction)

In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, the job of a doctor is more like the job of chief
executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians' practices don't just need to know medicine .
They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult
marketing and legal decisions .
Options:
1) dosage, techniques, treatments, medicine
2) gang, staff, employment, mass
3) decisions, reactions, recommendations, actions
19. Colonial Era (Prediction)

At the end of the colonial era, as many new nations gained independence, relative levels of economic
development became an important criterion by which to distinguish between countries. The former
colonial powers and wealthier parts of the world generally became known as advanced industrial, or
developed, countries, while former colonies and poorer nations became known as less developed, or
more positively, developing countries. Critics of the uneven distribution of wealth across the globe
highlighted the role which wealth creation in some places had played in impoverishing poorer nations
and, rather, described them as actively underdeveloped. The question as to whether economic change
is developing or underdeveloping countries remains a vital issue, as the debate over sweatshops
highlights.
Options:
1) wealthier, richer, healthier, warmer
2) while, although, so, because
3) odd, uneven, ubiquitous, sporadic
4) whether, which, what, when
20. Colour Preference (Prediction)

Colour Preferences Many tests have shown that, in a very broad way, peoples in most parts of the
world have similar colour preferences. Blue is the most preferred and popular hue, followed in order by
red, green, purple, yellow and orange. Overlaying this basic order of colour preference, however , are
the responses of individuals, which of course vary widely and may also be very powerful. Children are
likely to have strong preferences for some colours and aversions to others, but sometimes will not
admit to them, since outside factors may be influential in determining both colour preferences and the
way that they are expressed or suppressed. Current fashions in clothes and accessories, gender-
stereotyping and peer-group pressure may all play a significant part. Boys in particular may be
reluctant to admit to any strong preferences for colours other than those of favourite football teams,
because colour awareness may be regarded by their peer-group as feminine.
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Options:
1) However, Similarly, Overlaying, Nonetheless
2) however, thus, therefore, so
3) widely, slightly, badly, surprisingly
4) preferences, similarities, divergences, comparisons
5) pressures, factors, appearances, differences
6) ahead of, rather than, together with, other than
21. Sun and Moon (Prediction)

In these distant times the sun was seen to make its daily journey across the sky. At night the moon
appeared. Every new night the moon waxed or waned a little and on a few nights it did not appear at
all. At night the great dome of the heavens was dotted with tiny specks of light. They became known
as the stars. It was thought that every star in the heavens had its own purpose and that the secrets of
the universe could be discovered by making a study of them. It was well known that there were
wandering stars, they appeared in different nightly positions against their neighbours and they became
known as planets. It took centuries, in fact it took millennia, for man to determine the true nature of
these wandering stars and to evolve a model of the world to accommodate them and to predict their
positions in the sky.
Options:
1) plan, level, journey, line
2) are, have, become, became
3) tales, secrets, views, imaginations
4) distort, discuss, charge, determine
5) draw, predict, dictate, save
22. Fossil Fuels (Prediction)

But look beyond fossil fuels for the most intriguing trends. One is that the energy intensity of the world
economy - the amount of energy it takes to produce one dollar's worth of income - keeps falling, at a
rate of about 2 percent. What this means is that even without any change in the relative shares of
fossil-based and fossil-free sources in the world's energy mix, we could have 2 percent annual
economic growth without increasing carbon emissions from energy use. Of course that is not enough
to address climate change and we need more economic growth than that. It is nonetheless a stunning
number, which refutes the claim by some environmentalists that permanent economic growth is
fundamentally incompatible with finite physical resources.
Options:
1) plenty, money, value, worth
2) relevant, similar, communal, relative
3) outline, address, point, highlight
4) thus, thereby, also, nonetheless
5) over, with, within, by
23. Marshmallow (Prediction)

They call it the "marshmallow test." A four- to-six-year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table
facing a marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: "If you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can
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have both it and a second one." Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the
marshmallow. The longer a child can resist the temptation has been correlated with higher general
competency later in life. Now a study shows that ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate -- it's
aIso highly influenced by environment.
Options:
1) fun, joy, recipe, treat
2) longest, longer, long, longing
3) artificial, innate, intimate, disguised
24. Edible Insects (Prediction)

Fancy a locust for lunch? Probably not, if you live in the west, but elsewhere its a different story.
Edible insects, termites, stick insects, dragonflies, grasshoppers and giant water bugs, are on the
menu for an estimated 80 percent of the world' s population. More than 1000 species of insects are
served up around the world. For example, K ungu cakes, made from midges, are a delicacy in parts of
Africa. Mexico is an insect-eating, or entomophagous - hotspot, where more than 200 insect species
are consumed. Demand is so high that 40 species are now under threat, including white agave worms.
These caterpillars of the tequila giant-skipper butterfly fetch around $250 a kilogram. Eating insects
make nutritional sense. Some contain more protein than meat or fish. The female gypsy moth, for
instance, is about 80 percent protein. Insects can be a good source of vitamins and minerals too: a
type of caterpillar (Usta Terpsichore) eaten in Angola is rich in iron, zinc, and thiamine. What do they
taste like? Ants have a lemon tang, apparently, whereas giant water bugs taste of mint and fire ant
pupae of watermelon. You have probably, inadvertently, already tasted some of these things, as
insects are often accidental tourists in other types of food. The US Food and Drug Administration even
issues guidelines for the number of insect parts allowed in certain foods. For example, it is acceptable
for 225 grams of macaroni to contain up to 225 insect fragments.
Options:
1) taboo, ointment, symbol, delicacy
2) Grade, Pressure, Demand, Risk
3) strike, accumulate, add, fetch
4) derivative, substitute, replica, source
25. Omniscience (Prediction)

Omniscience may be a foible of men, but it is not so of books. Knowledge, as Johnson said, is of
two kinds , you may know a thing yourself, and you may know where to find it. Now the amount which
you may actually know yourself must, at its best, be limited, but what you may know of the sources of
information may, with proper training, become almost boundless. And here come the value and use of
reference books-the working of one book in connection with another-and applying your
own intelligence to both. By this means we get as near to that omniscient volume which tells
everything as ever we shall get, and although the single volume or work which tells everything does not
exist, there is a vast number of reference books in existence, a knowledge and proper use of which is
essential to every intelligent person. Necessary as I believe reference books to be, they can easily be
made to be contributory to idleness, and too mechanical a use should not be made of them.
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Options:
1) identifications, kinds, stages, platforms
2) resources, sources, fabrications, ends
3) limit, proportion, clue, value
4) intelligence, interest, memory, mind
5) contemporary, constitutional, lucrative, contributory
26. Marriage Decline (Prediction)

The decline in marriage rates and increase in divorce rates has led to a decrease in the proportion of
the population that is formally married. In 1986, 60% of the population aged 15 years and over were
married; by 2001 this proportion had decreased to 55%. Conversely the proportion of the population
aged 15 years and over who were never married increased from 29% in 1986 to 32% in 2001. At the
same time, the proportion of the population who were divorced increased, from 5% in 1986 to 7% in
2001, while the proportion of the population who were widowed remained at around 6%.
Options:
1) calculation, significance, decline, estimation
2) view, change, decrease, multiplication
3) So, Conversely, Therefore, Consequently
4) doubled, rounded, increased, divided
27. A Letter (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A letter written to a company's contact person whose name is Mary Pearson, talking about the
arrangement of a conference, including accommodation. Blank: ...explain how (you can/ can you/...)
28. Forces of Globalization (Prediction)

Forces of globalization have acted on education internationally, creating greater standardization in
norms of teaching and learning. There has always been considerable similarity between schools across
context: the curriculum, for example has been shown to be divided between language, mathematics,
science and the arts in a comparable way in schools around the world. Likewise, school buildings in
terms of their architecture share remarkable similarities internationally, as a result of shared patterns
of teaching and learning (although facilities and resources differ significantly.) In recent years,
globalization has created increased opportunities for the 'borrowing' of education policy and practice,
and generated further uniformity across national contexts. Nowhere has the internationalization of
education been more apparent than in the higher education sector. The move to the
internationalization of higher-education policy and practice was initially driven by increased student
mobility, and the desire of universities to attract students from overseas.
Options:
1) considerable, countable, unforseeable, unstable
2) being divided, to divide, to be dividing, to be divided
3) for a result, without a result, as a result, resulted as
4) duplicated, exempted, generated, dispensed
5) Anywhere, Somewhere, Everywhere, Nowhere
6) was initially driving, had initially driven, was initially driven, initially drove
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29. Heart (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The heart functions as a pump...receiving blood from the body, pumping blood to body and
transferring it.
30. Abstract (Prediction)

It is an original work, not an excerpted passage. An abstract must be fully self-contained
and make sense by itself, without further reference to outside sources or to the actual paper. It
highlights key content areas, your research purpose, the relevance or importance of your work, and
the main outcomes. It is a well-developed single paragraph of approximately 250 words in length,
which is indented and single spaced. The function of the abstract is to outline briefly all parts of the
paper. Although it is placed at the beginning of your paper, immediately following the title page, the
abstract should be the last thing that you write, once you are sure of the conclusions you will reach.
Options:
1) get, give, take, make
2) contemplate, content, account, comment
3) from, within, to, in
4) it is placed, it has omitted, it is transferring, it started
5) once, then, before, and
31. Paraphrasing (Prediction)

Paraphrasing is often defined as putting a passage from an author into your own words. However,
what are your own words? How different must your paraphrase be from the original? The answer is it
should be considerably different. The whole point of paraphrasing is to show you have read and
understood another person's ideas, and can summarise them in your own writing style rather
than borrowing their phrases. If you just change a few words, or add some bits of your own to an
otherwise reproduced passage, you will probably be penalised for plagiarism. You should aim to
condense and simplify a writer's ideas and describe them using different sentence structures and
expressions. It is also important to credit the original writer by referencing.
Options:
1) unnecessarily, narrowly, faithfully, considerably
2) together with, rather than, conforming to, relating to
3) despite, of, on, off
4) be penalising, be penalised, have penalised, penalise
5) That has, It is, There is, That is
6) redundant, important, innocuous, astonishing
32. Classical Music (Prediction)

Away from the rumble of Shanghai's highways and the cacophony of the shopping districts, stroll down
side streets filled with rows of tall brick houses . In the early evening or on a weekend morning, you'll
hear the sound of classical music drifting from a piano, played by a 10-year old or a grandmother in
her seventies. Wander down another alley toward concrete skyscrapers and you'll hear Beethoven or
Mozart flowing from a violin, or perhaps a cello, accordion or flute. In China, classical music
is booming as mightily as the 1812 Overture. Commanding YI00-200 (512.50425) per hour, private
music teachers in Shanghai can readily earn more than five times the average per capita monthly
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income.
Options:
1) rooms, piles, huts, houses
2) impact, sound, effect, noise
3) skyscrapers, craters, museums, courts
4) looming, bluffing, changing, booming
33. Study of Objects (Prediction)

The study of objects constitutes a relatively new field of academic enquiry, commonly referred to as
material culture studies. Students of material culture seek to understand societies, both past and
present, through careful study and observation of the physical or material objects generated by those
societies. The source material for study is exceptionally wide, including not just human-made
artefacts but also natural objects and even preserved body parts (as you saw in the film 'Encountering
a body'). Some specialists in the field of material culture have made bold claims for its pre-eminence.
In certain disciplines, it reigns supreme . It plays a critical role in archaeology, for example, especially
in circumstances where written evidence is either patchy or non-existent. In such cases , objects are
all scholars have to rely on in forming an understanding of ancient peoples. Even where written
documents survive the physical remains of literate cultures often help to provide new and interesting
insights into how people once lived and thought, as in the case of medieval and post-medieval
archaeology. In analysing the physical remains of societies, both past and present, historians,
archaeologists, anthropologists and others have been careful to remind us that objects mean different
things to different people.
Options:
1) multiplication, modification, consumption, observation
2) mentioning, including, suggesting, hoping
3) holds good, reigns supreme, plays possum, stays put
4) By the way, In such cases, On no account, On their behalf
5) beliefs, juries, witnesses, scholars
6) often than, compared with, contrary to, as in
34. Psychology (Prediction)

Psychology as a subject of study has largely developed in the West since the late nineteenth century.
During this period there has been an emphasis on scientific thinking. Because of this, there have been
many scientific studies in psychology which explore different aspects of human nature. These include
studies into how biology (physical factors) influence human experience, how people use
their senses (touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing) to get to know the world, how people develop, why
people behave in certain ways, how memory works, how people develop language, how people
understand and think about the world, what motivates people, why people have emotions and how
personality develops. These scientific investigations all contribute to an understanding of human
nature. What do we mean by the practical applications of these studies? An understanding of
psychology is useful in many different areas in life, such as education, the workplace, social services
and medicine. This means that people who have knowledge of psychology can use or apply that
knowledge in areas such as the ones listed above.
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Options:
1) emphasis, attention, example, extension
2) brains, skins, minds, senses
3) assumptions, correlations, investigations, stimulations
4) ideology, empowerment, understanding, equivalence
5) register, classify, use, prepare
35. Mass Extinction (Prediction)

In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, scientists from the universities of
Nottingham and Durham and the British Geological Survey (BGS), have discovered the cause of a
mass extinction within marine organisms called foraminifera. Foraminifera are an important group in
relation to biomass in the deep ocean and the cause of their extinction was previously unknown.
Scientists tested various possible causes for the mass extinction and were able to discount others
such as ocean cooling. Instead they discovered that the extinction was caused by a global change in
plankton at the surface of the ocean.
Options:
1) publishing, has published, published, be publishing
2) occasionally, necessarily, previously, currently
3) causes, consequences, effects, factors
4) Hence, Thus, So, Instead
36. School-skipping (Prediction)

Children who skip school are increasingly on family holidays, government figures revealed
today. Fewer children played truant this spring term compared with the spring term last year. Children
missed 3m unauthorised days of school last term, compared with 3.7m days of school in the same
period last year. But a hardcore group of truants - 6% of the school population - who account for
more than three-quarters of all those on unauthorised absence, are more likely to be on a family
holiday than they were in the same period last year. Some 1.2% of all absence was for family holidays
not agreed by their school last term, compared with 0.9% for the same term last year. More than 60%
of all absences were for illness, the same figure as last year.
Options:
1) Same, More, Fewer, Total
2) mere, hardcore, residual, flimsy
3) slot, span, period, position
4) suggested, recommended, agreed, contradicted
37. Elder Academy (Prediction)

The Elder Academy scheme, an education and social inclusion initiative, was launched in early 2007 by
The Labour and Welfare Bureau and the Elderly Commission. The activities provide access to learning
opportunities in schools and university campuses and are aimed primarily at older people who have
had little or no education. The scheme optimizes the use of existing educational facilities and has
been successful in promoting both lifelong and initial learning for older people, encouraging
participation and helping to maintain physical and mental wellbeing. School and university students are
engaged in the scheme, thereby also promoting civic education and intergenerational understanding.
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Currently, some 125 elder academies in various districts and seven tertiary institutions offer a wide
variety of courses.
Options:
1) portioned, relegated, launched, provisioned
2) assumption, condescension, access, ascendancy
3) entertaining, educational, profitable, economical
4) tangible, stoical, physical, solid
38. Australia's Dwellings (Prediction)

The stock of Australia's dwellings is evolving , with current homes having more bedrooms on average
than homes ten years ago. At the same time, households are getting smaller on average with
decreasing proportions of couple families with children and increasing couple only and lone person
households. This article examines the changes in household size and number of bedrooms from 1994-
95 to 2003-04.
Options:
1) evanescent, eternal, erupting, evolving
2) interests, proportions, appearances, durations
3) flopping, increasing, fluctuating, declining
4) witness, suggestion, article, index
39. Iphone (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The iPhone is a line of touchscreen-based smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.
that use Apple's iOS mobile operating system. The first-generation iPhone was announced by Apple
co-founder Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007. Since then Apple has periodically released new iPhone
models and iOS updates. of November 1, 2018, more than 2.2 billion iPhones had been sold. The
iPhone's user interface is built around a multi-touch screen with a virtual keyboard. The iPhone
connects to cellular networks or Wi-Fi. An iPhone can make calls, browse the web, take pictures, play
music and send and receive emails and text messages. Since the iPhone's laAsunch further features
have been added, including larger screen sizes, shooting video, waterproofing and the ability to install
third-party mobile apps through an app store, as well as accessibility support. Up to 2017, iPhones
used a layout with a single button on the front panel that returns the user to the home screen. Since
2017, more expensive iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with
app switching activated by gesture recognition.
40. Drama (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于drama的定义和解释。定义分为两部分，虽然简单明了但还需要解释⼀下。⾸句前半句：
Twisting the usual meaning of drama...。
41. Noisy Studying (Prediction)

Some students say that they need complete quiet to read and study. Others study best in a crowded,
noisy room because the noise actually helps them concentrate. Some students like quiet music
playing; others do not. The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your own
studying. However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems to be more of a
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distraction than music or other background noise, so leave the TV off when you are reading or
studying. Also , don't let yourself become distracted by computer games, email, or Internet surfing.
Options:
1) helps, stops, aids, gives
2) have, doing, do, are
3) make, put, leave, cut
4) Thus, However, Yet, Also
42. Mechanical Engineering (Prediction)

Mechanical engineering was at the heart of Taylor's theorizing, providing the context for its
development, the world view by which it was sustained and, finally, the justification for its widespread
application. Scientific management aimed to analyse and control the activities of people in the same
way that engineers analysed and controlled machines. Central to Taylor's system was the desire to
rationalize and standardize production techniques in the interests of economy, efficiency and mutual
prosperity. His primary point of interest was the individual worker pursuing individual goals and
motivated by incentive payments. Undoubtedly Taylor's view of human motivation was somewhat
simplistic and his apprehension of the significance of groups limited and generally negative.
Options:
1) in the same way which, as far as which is concerned, to some extent in which, in the same way
that
2) around, within, to, from
3) of rationalized, on rationalized, with rationalize, to rationalize
4) purchasing, purging, pursuing, pending
5) Unnecessarily, Undoubtedly, Undesirably, Unthinkably
43. Noble Gas (Prediction)

Uniquely stable, they seemed to participate in no chemical reactions. But by understanding the
stability of the noble gases, physicists discovered the key to chemical bonding itself . Dmitri Mendeleev
added the noble gases to his periodic table in 1902, where he arranged the elements in rows and
columns according to their atomic weight. Mendeleev was able to see repeating (or periodic) patterns
in their properties. The noble gases appeared regularly in the periodic table, occurring in every eighth
position, at least amongst the lighter elements.
Options:
1) seemed, refused, insisted, cared
2) itself, only, well, proper
3) disproportionate, opposite, additional, according
4) unevenly, regularly, vagariously, vaguely
44. The Department of Fine Arts (Prediction)

The Department of Fine Arts is a vibrant department comprising active art professionals housed in a
modern, well-equipped facility. The faculty enjoys collaborative relationships with local museums,
numerous galleries and a variety of other art organizations. Fine Arts students benefit from studying
with artistically active mentors who exhibit and research regionally, nationally and internationally. The
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department provides students with many opportunities for artistic and personal growth through daily
contact with full-time faculty members who are noted artists and researchers. Classes are small to
allow for personalised feedback and guidance. Well-appointed studios on campus facilitate the daily
practice of art in combination with the study of liberal arts. During their studies, students gain
exposure to world-class visiting artists and exhibitions, and also have local and international travel
opportunities.
Options:
1) partisan, lateral, collaborative, pending
2) didactic, dormant, active, equivalent
3) image, perspective, growth, measure
4) extend, overcome, duplicate, facilitate
45. Low-cost Housing (Prediction)

When it comes to low-cost housing, architects are hardly ever involved . About 98% of the market is
built without architects and the result is usually rows of clones of a building, regardless of whether
they are practical for an area or not. Developers alone, without the input of an architect, do not see
the big picture needed to make housing part of a safe, vibrant community. A little more thought could
instantly improve community safety as well as lead to building houses that are both comfortable and
cheap.
Options:
1) compensated, involved, indicated, complicated
2) proficient, premium, profound, practical
3) speculation, input, reference, intake
4) safety, stability, dignity, budget
46. Laptop (Prediction)

UMN's ALCs features large circular tables that seat nine students and can accommodate laptop
computers for collaborative work. Typically, students bring their own computers to class and use the
building's ubiquitous wireless capability. The classrooms are designed to facilitate hands-on activities
and problems that require students to interact with each other to reach a solution. Students can
display their work on large LCD screens mounted around the room to promote small- and large-group
discussions. Each table is allotted three gooseneck microphones so that students can make
themselves heard without shouting during group discussions. Additionally, students can press a button
on their table console to light a signal lamp to indicate when they need help or wish to speak. To
facilitate brainstorming and group reporting, the room is also lined with erasable marker-boards.
Options:
1) populated, perpendicular, cellular, circular
2) collaborative, exchangeable, sedate, independent
3) spoil, facilitate, fabricate, stabalize
4) primitive, signal, pristine, primary
47. Small Lakes (Prediction)

Small lakes with a surface area of less than 100 square meters represent the majority of global
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freshwater ecosystems. Many of these lakes are found in remote, often mountainous areas with no
inflow and outflow. Yet in most of these lakes, there are fish. So how do fish reach lakes and ponds
that are not connected to other bodies of water? This question was already addressed by some of the
leading natural scientists of the 19th century such as Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace and
Charles Lyell, who all came to the same conclusion—water birds must be responsible for fish dispersal.
And they had a plausible explanation for this: fish eggs of some species are sticky and can survive for
some time out of water. The theory is thus that the fish eggs stick to water birds' feathers or feet; the
birds then fly from one body of water to the next, where the fish hatch from their eggs.
Options:
1) find, are found, were found, have found
2) how, why, whether, where
3) responsibility to, responding to, responsible to, responsible for
4) stick, were stuck, stuck, sticking
48. Biological Systems (Prediction)

Since biological systems with signs of complex engineering are unlikely to have arisen from accidents
or coincidences, their organization must come from natural selection, and hence should
have functions useful for survival and reproduction in the environments in which humans evolved.
Options:
1) complimentary, complex, compensatory, compendious
2) compilation, organization, eccentricity, metabolism
3) evaluations, functions, intentions, attentions
49. Cultural Studies (Prediction)

Cultural studies is a new way of engaging in the study of culture. In the past, many academic subjects
including anthropology, history, literary studies, human geography and sociology have brought their
own disciplinary concerns to the study of culture. However, in recent decades there has been
a renewed interest in the study of culture that has crossed disciplinary boundaries .
The resulting activities and cultural studies have emerged as an intriguing and exciting area of
intellectual inquiry that has already shed important new life on the character of human cultures and
which promises to continue to do so. While there is a little doubt that cultural studies are coming to be
widely recognized as an important and distinctive field of study, it does seem to encompass a
potentially enormous area. This is because the term 'culture' has a complex history and range of
usages, which have provided a legitimate focus of inquiry for several academic disciplines.
Options:
1) renewed, refunded, renowned, irresistible
2) discriminations, similarities, boundaries, differentiations
3) simultaneous, spontaneous, resulting, derivative
4) declines, responds, promises, hesitates
5) phase out, pull together, be widely recognized, be narrowly reduced
6) dispersion, focus, revision, instance
50. Bones (Prediction)
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Bones are extremely strong. One of their main functions is to protect organs. For example, the skull
protects the brain; ribs protect the heart and lungs. There are three types of joints, including fixed
joints, slightly moveable joints, and freely moving joints.
Options:
1) main, individual, auxiliary, nominal
2) a, the, these, their
3) countless, few, any, three
51. Society and Culture (Prediction)

For too long we have held preconceived notions of 'the' market and 'the' state that were seemingly
independent of local societies and cultures. The debate about civil society ultimately is about how
culture, market and state relate to each other. Concern about civil society, however, is not only
relevant to central and eastern Europe and the developing world. It is very much of interest of the
European Union as well. The Civil Dialogue Initiated by the Commission in the 1990s was a first
attempt by the EU to give the institutions of society - and not only governments and businesses-a
voice at the policy-making tables in Brussels. The EU, like other international institutions, has a long
way to go in trying to accommodate the frequently divergent interests of non-governmental
organizations and citizen groups. There is increasing recognition that international and national
governments have to open up to civil society institutions.
Options:
1) conform to, diverge from, relate to, assimilate into
2) distribution across, interest of, belief within, honour of
3) duplicate, accommodate, exclude, defy
4) conception, oscillation, discretion, recognition
52. Daniel Harris (Prediction)

Daniel Harris, a scholar of consumption and style, has observed that until photography
finally supplanted illustration as the "primary means of advertising clothing" in the 1950s, glamour
inhered less in the face of the drawing, which was by necessity schematic and generalized, than in the
sketch's attitude, posture, and gestures, especially in the strangely dainty positions of the hands.
Glamour once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the faces in the illustrations
cannot really be said to have expressions at all, but angles or tilts. The chin raised upwards in a
haughty look; the eyes lowered in an attitude of introspection; the head cocked at an inquisitive or
coquettish angle: or the profile presented in sharp outline, emanating power of the severity like an
emperor's bust embossed on a Roman coin.
Options:
1) surmounted, depleted, supplanted, overestimated
2) least, few, yet, less
3) expressions, exceptions, expectations, experiences
4) encircled, embodied, embossed, encrypted
53. Musical Experiences (Prediction)

The general perception is that children are surrounded by a variety of musical experiences. There are
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often fewer and fewer opportunities for children to actively engage in music making themselves. They
are inundated with music emitting from a wide array of electronic devices, toys, and computers
offering a limitless number of musical selections. However, much of the music in children's lives is
'unchosen', in other words they are passive recipients in much of the music in their lives, and not
actively engaged in its selection. They experience background music in computer games, cartoons, TV
shows, films, on iPads, radios, and ringtones. They listen to music choices of their parents or siblings,
and even the schools they attend often play music before the school day begins or in classrooms
while students are working. Studies are being conducted on the effects of the ubiquitous pre-recorded
music they encounter and whether or not it is intruding on their desire to make their own music or
interact with each other on the playground.
Options:
1) surrounded, deterred, deferred, characterized
2) array, appointment, access, arrangement
3) limitless, plunging, excessive, spacious
4) dormant, bilateral, active, passive
5) abandoned, culminated, confided, conducted
6) can have intruded, would have intruded, could have intruded, is intruding
54. Wrinkle Cure (Prediction)

Barrie Finning's, a professor at Monash University's college of pharmacy in Melbourne, and PhD
student Anita Schneider, recently tested a new wrinkle cure. Twice daily, 20 male and female
volunteers applied a liquid containing Myoxinol, a patented extract of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed,
to one side of their faces. On the other side they applied a similar liquid without Myoxinol. Every week
for a month their wrinkles were tested by self-assessment, photography and the size of depressions
made in silicon moulds. The results were impressive. After a month the depth and number of wrinkles
on the Myoxinol-treated side were reduced by approximately 27 per cent. But Finnin's research,
commissioned by a cosmetics company, is unlikely to be published in a scientific publication .It's hard
to even find studies that show the active ingredients in cosmetics penetrate the skin, let alone
more comprehensive research on their effects. Even when rigorous studies are commissioned,
companies usually control whether the work is published in the traditional scientific literature.
Options:
1) example, exertion, explanation, extract
2) concentration, depth, prowess, strength
3) encyclopedia, publicity, publication, enclosure
4) commendable, mandatory, complimentary, comprehensive
5) ritual, erratic, rough, rigorous
55. Constitutional Interpretation (Prediction)

One of the Supreme Court's most important responsibilities is to decide cases that raise questions of
constitutional interpretation. The Court decides if a law or government action violates the Constitution.
This is known as judicial review and enables the Court to invalidate both federal and state laws when
they conflict with the Constitution. Since the Supreme Court stands as the ultimate authority in
constitutional interpretation, its decisions can be altered only by another Supreme Court decision or by
a constitutional amendment.
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Options:
1) legislations, purviews, permissions, responsibilities
2) auction, action, state, speculation
3) tally, conflict, accord, overlap
4) charged, changed, followed, altered
56. Truancy (Prediction)

In reality, however, the causes of truancy and non-attendance are diverse and multifaceted. There
are as many causes of non-attendance as there are non-attenders. Each child has her
own unique story, and whilst there may often be certain identifiable factors in common, each non-
attending child demands and deserves an individual response, tailored to meet her individual needs.
This applies equally to the 14-year-old who fails to attend school because a parent is terminally ill, the
overweight 11 -year-old who fails to attend because he is embarrassed about changing for PE in front
of peers, the 15-year-old who is 'bored' by lessons, and to the seven-year-old who is teased in the
playground because she does not wear the latest designer-label clothes.
Options:
1) untold, moving, unique, weepy
2) dictates, deters, monopolies, deserves
3) mutually, exclusively, decisively, equally
4) hyperbolic, arrogant, embarrassed, reticent
57. New Republic (Prediction)

The essential problem, as Rosenfeld sees it, is that democratic government is predicated on an
aspiration to collective truth. Unlike older systems of aristocratic and monarchical rule, which excluded
the people from power and stressed the need for administrative secrecy, the new republics of the late
18th century, and the more egalitarian mass democracies that succeeded them, depended on
openness and trust between citizens and rulers. Through the free discussion and united wisdom of the
educated and the masses, errors would be dispelled, 'public knowledge' established and societies
advanced. And yet, she points out, the reality has never lived up to this powerful ideal. From the
outset, democratic societies contained vast inequalities of power and education, and their media have
always been driven by commercial and partisan imperatives. In practice , instead of a free civil
marketplace of ideas, politics has always been a vicious fight over the truth and the power of
determining it.
Options:
1) democratic, demographic, dictatorial, bureaucratic
2) Unless, Unlike, Besides, Like
3) succeeded, overshot, preceded, eradicated
4) lived up to, looked down upon, made use of, ran out of
5) In addition, In practice, For instance, By contrast
58. Radioactivity (Prediction)

Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by the French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel. He left an
unexposed photographic plate in the dark near a sample of a uranium salt. When the plate
was developed it was found to be fogged , just as it might if it had been exposed to light. which was
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caused by a form of radiation from the uranium. The term radioactivity was coined by Marie Curie and
her husband Pierre Curie. They worked together and showed that radioactivity was an atomic property
not a chemical change. The discovery of radioactivity won the Curies and Ekcquerel the Nobel Prize
for Physics in 1903.
Options:
1) developed, unraveled, overlapped, transmitted
2) transparent, corrugated, fogged, clarified
3) concocted, coined, expected, estimated
4) fabrication, invention, discharge, discovery
59. Trinity Sport and Fitness (Prediction)

Whether you want to exercise and stay healthy , train professionally with like-minded people, or
indulge your competitive streak, Trinity Sport and Fitness has it covered . We've got a dedicated
support development team on campus to support every student in taking part in sports. You might
want to participate in sports competitions volunteer with a local sports class or simply play for fun with
our social sport program. Trinity fitness members of our public-facing sports facility will
also entitle you to discounts when you are booking a sports facility and fitness class. You will also get
an opportunity to benefit from tailored personal training, free activities events, and lots more.
Options:
1) healthy, wealthy, humble, hungry
2) has it covered, makes covering, have covered, does it covering
3) taking, having, getting, doing
4) idle, fun, kidding, exchange
5) enact, encourage, entitle, enroll
6) result, upgrade, benefit, proceed
60. Kiwi (Prediction)

A Massey ecologist has teamed up with a leading wildlife photographer to produce the definitive book
on New Zealand's national bird, the kiwi. Kiwi: A Natural History was written by Dr Isabel Castro
and features photographs by Rod Morris. Dr Castro has been working with kiwi since 1999, with a
focus on their behaviour. 'I've specifically been looking at the sense of smell that kiwi uses when
foraging, but also in their interactions with their environment and other kiwi,' she says. The book
covers all aspects of kiwi, from their evolution, prehistory and closest relatives to their feeding and
breeding behaviour and current conservation issues, making this the perfect introduction for anyone
with an interest in these fascinating birds. The book is the second title in a new series on New
Zealand's wildlife, targeted at a family readership.
Options:
1) featuring, featured, features, feature
2) within, through, since, until
3) also, yet, either, never
4) assuming, making, defying, meaning
5) revision, derivation, series, means
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61. Electrons (Prediction)

The electrons that orbit closest to the nucleus are strongly attracted. They are called bound electrons.
The electrons that are farther away from the pull of nucleus can be forced out of their orbits. These
are called free electrons. Free electrons can move from one atom to another. This movement is
known as electron flow. Electricity is the movement or flow of electrons from one atom to another.
A condition of imbalance is necessary to have a movement of electrons. In a normal atom, the
positively charged nucleus balances the negatively charged electrons. This holds them in orbit. If an
atom loses electrons, it becomes positive in charge. It attracts more electrons in order to get its
balance. A conductor is any material that allows a good electron flow and conductselectricity. A good
conductor must be made of atoms that give off free electrons easily. Also, the atoms must be close
enough to each other so that the free electron orbits overlap . Ignition systems use copper and
aluminium wires to conduct electricity. They allow good electron flow.
Options:
1) least, strongly, weakly, unexpectedly
2) superstition, judgement, condition, presumption
3) varied, normal, strange, singular
4) metal, molecule, chemical, material
5) collapse, diverge, appear, overlap
62. Mini Helicopter (Prediction)

A mini helicopter modelled on flying tree seeds could soon be flying overhead. Evan Ulrich and
colleagues at the University of Maryland in College Park turned to the biological world for inspiration to
build a scaled-down helicopter that could mimic the properties of full-size aircraft. The
complex design of full-size helicopters gets less efficient when shrunk, meaning that standard mini
helicopters expend most of their power simply fighting to stay stable in the air. The researchers
realised that a simpler aircraft designed to stay stable passively would use much less power and
reduce manufacturing costs to boot. It turns out that nature had beaten them to it. The seeds of trees
such as the maple have a single-blade structure that allows them to fly far away and drift safely to
the ground. These seeds, known as samaras, need no engine to spin through the air, thanks to a
process called autorotation. By analysing the behaviour of the samara with high-speed cameras,
Ulrich and his team were able to copy its design.
Options:
1) turned to, came across, stayed within, dropped in
2) overhaul, gauge, imagination, design
3) denying, meaning, objecting, proving
4) never leads, will drive, had beaten, is holding
5) charges, pushes, allows, hampers
6) spin, fluctuate, drift, bob
63. Amount of Sleep (Prediction)

The amount of sleep you need depends on many factors , especially your age. Newborns sleep
between 16 and 18 hours a day and preschool children should sleep between 10 and 12 hours. Older
children and teens need at least nine hours to be well rested. For most adults, seven to eight hours a
night appears to the best amount of sleep. However, for some people" enough sleep" may be as few
as five hours or as many as 10 hours of sleep. As you get older, your sleeping patterns change. Older
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adults tend to sleep more lightly and awaken more frequently in the night than younger adults. This
can have many causes including medical conditions and medications used to treat them. But there's
no evidence that older adults need less sleep than younger adults. Getting enough sleep
is important to your health because it boosts your immune system, which makes your body better able
to fight disease. Sleep is necessary for your nervous system to work properly. Too little sleep makes
you drowsy and unable to concentrate. It also impairs memory and physical performance. So how
many hours of sleep are enough for You? Experts say that if you feel drowsy during the day - even
during boring activities - you are not getting enough sleep. Also, quality of sleep is just as important
as quantity. People whose sleep is frequently interrupted or cut short are not getting quality sleep. If
you experience frequent daytime sleepiness, even after increasing the amount of quality sleep you get,
talk to your doctor. He or she may be able to identify the cause of sleep problems and offer advice on
how to get a better night's sleep.
Options:
1) reasons, possibilities, fractions, factors
2) durations, structures, distributions, patterns
3) benevolent, important, additional, luxurious
4) ecological, immune, medical, psychological
5) discharge, identify, dismiss, tout
64. Renewable Energy (Prediction)

Recently, due to concerns over pollution and the possibility that some sources of fuel might eventually
run out or become uneconomic to obtain, there has been much greater support for renewable sources
of power, such as wind or solar energy. Renewable energy sources provide 25 percent of the
electricity we use. unlike fossil fuels, they tend not to produce any waste or significantly add to global
warming by producing gases.
Options:
1) uneconomic, unaffordable, unilateral, unspecific
2) consist, construct, provide, consume
3) fossil, volatile, synthetic, hygienic
65. Lucy (Prediction)

Lucy was a single hominid skeleton found in Ethiopia. First, she was a bunch of broken fragments lying
in Ethiopia. She was found by Donald Johanson and Tom Gray, who headed out to the area looking for
rocks, and then drove back. During that return journey, Johanson spotted a forearm bone, identified it
-- and then kept looking, where the two found a huge set of bones that would eventually represent 40
per cent of the entire skeleton. The discovery was so important because it entirely upset our
understanding of the process of evolution. She showed that people had been wrong to think that we
became intelligent before we stood up-- Lucy and her contemporaries were better suited for
walking upright than we were, but appeared to have been much less intellectually advanced. That was
important because it changed our understanding of the story of evolution, implying that walking was
one of the most important things in moving us towards our current state, and that brainpower might
not have been the most important thing.
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Options:
1) Despite, For, Towards, During
2) represent, reproduce, present, count
3) upset, discharged, assimilated, undermined
4) outright, upright, upper, vertically
5) intentionally, instantaneously, intellectually, technologically
66. Retirement (Prediction)

For a start, we need to change our concept of 'retirement', and we need to change mind-sets arising
from earlier government policy which, in the face of high unemployment levels, encouraged mature
workers to take early retirement. Today, government encourages them to delay their retirement. We
now need to think of retirement as a phased process, where mature age workers gradually reduce
their hours, and where they have considerable flexibility in how they combine their work and non work
time. We also need to recognise the broader change that is occurring in how people work, learn, and
live. Increasingly we are moving away from a linear relationship between education, training, work, and
retirement, as people move in and out of jobs, careers, caregiving, study, and leisure. Employers of
choice remove the barriers between the different segments of people's lives, by creating flexible
conditions of work and a range of leave entitlements. They take an individualised approach to
workforce planning and development so that the needs of employers and employees can be
met simultaneously . This approach supports the different transitions that occur across the life course
- for example, school to work, becoming a parent, becoming responsible for the care of older
relatives, and moving from work to retirement.
Options:
1) contempt, confrontation, concept, conclusion
2) delay, commence, protract, drag
3) radically, disruptively, abruptly, gradually
4) hinges, barriers, nexus, bans
5) condescendingly, simultaneously, hypocritically, spontaneously
67. Agrarian Parties (Prediction)

Agrarian parties are political parties chiefly representing the interests of peasants or, more broadly, the
rural sector of society. The extent to which they are important, or whether they even exist, depends
mainly on two factors. One, obviously, is the size of an identifiable peasantry, or the size of the rural
relative to the urban population. The other is a matter of social integration: for agrarian parties to be
important, the representation of countryside or peasantry must not be integrated with the other major
sections of society. Thus a country might possess a sizeable rural population, but have an economic
system in which the interests of the voters were predominantly related to their incomes, rather than
their occupations or location; and in such a country the political system would be unlikely to include an
important agrarian party.
Options:
1) where, which, what, that
2) that, how, when, whether
3) Since, Though, Thus, Because
4) even, more, rather, ever
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68. Bedtimes (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Children sleep soundly...Children with erratic bedtimes are more likely to have behavioral
problems...insufficient sleep may be responsible for their learning problem...
69. Most Respected Companies (Prediction)

Look at the recent "Most Respected Companies" survey by the Financial Times. Who are the most
respected companies and business leaders at the current time? Rather predictably, they are Jack
Welch and General Electric, and Bill Gates, and Microsoft. Neither has achieved their world-class
status through playing nice. Welch is still remembered for the brutal downsizing he led his
business through , and for the environmental pollution incidents and prosecutions. Microsoft has had
one of the highest profile cases of bullying market dominance of recent times - and Gates has been
able to achieve the financial status where he can choose to give lots of money away by being ruthless
in business.
Options:
1) past, before, last, current
2) Also, Both, Neither, All
3) through, out, by, along
4) largest, highest, biggest, most
5) archive, acquaint, receive, achieve
70. Home Appliances (Prediction)

In the developed world, home appliances have greatly reduced the need for physical
labour. Fewer people need to be involved in tasks that once left them little time to do much else. For
example, the word processor and email have, to a great extent , replaced the dedicated secretarial
staff that briefly flourished with the rise of the typewriter. At one time all copies were made with
manual scribes, carefully duplicating what they read. Then we had carbon paper. Then photocopiers.
Then printers. Then the requirement for physical copy reduced. An entire stream of labour appeared
and disappeared as technology advanced. We freed ourselves of one kind of work; we just replaced
it with another.
Options:
1) Fewer, More, No, Many
2) measure, possibility, range, extent
3) once, some, one, ever
4) with, as, for, to
71. Underground Houses (Prediction)

Underground houses have many advantages over conventional housing. Unlike conventional homes,
they can be built on steep surfaces and can maximize space in small areas by going below the
surface. In addition, the materials excavated in construction can be used in the building process.
Underground houses have less surface area so fewer building materials are used,
and maintenance costs are lower. They are also wind, fire, and earthquake resistant, providing a
secure and safe environment in extreme weather. One of the greatest benefits of underground living is
energy efficiency . The earth's subsurface temperature remains stable, so underground dwellings
benefit from geothermal mass and heat exchange, staying cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
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This saves around 80% in energy costs. By incorporating solar design this energy bill can be
reduced to zero, providing hot water and heat to the home all year round.
Options:
1) geometric, flat, overhead, steep
2) heating, sustenance, maintenance, facility
3) ratio, consistency, efficiency, renewal
4) intriguing, initiating, incorporating, inventing
5) has reduced, can be reduced, can reduce, has been reduced
72. Mothers' Employment (Prediction)

Affordable early years education and childcare potentially enables parents, particularly mothers, to be
in paid employment. International studies have found that countries with greater enrolment rates in
publicly funded or provided childcare also have higher maternal employment rates,although untangling
causal relationships is complex. From the point of view of the household additional income, especially
for the less well-off, is itself associated with better outcomes for children, as child poverty has been
shown to be a key independent determinant of children's outcomes. From the point of view of the
public purse, as mothers enter employment they are likely to claim fewer benefits and to generate
extra revenues through income tax.
Options:
1) are finding, are found, have yet to find, have found
2) is shown, has been shown, was showing, showed
3) enact, enrol, enter, enlist
4) through, despite, off, throughout
73. Brains or Brawn (Prediction)

While workers worry about whether robots will take their jobs, teachers are wondering how to use
education to insulate the next generation from such a fate. This has worked before. When the last
wave of automation swept the developed world at the start of the 20th century, policymakers decided
education was the answer. If machines were going to substitute for brawn, they reasoned , more
people would need to use their brains. The US invested heavily in education, with good results.
Workers reaped the benefits through better jobs and higher wages. Economists Andrew McAfee and
Erik Brynjolfsson summed it up like this: 'The industrial revolution started a race between technology
and education -- and, for most of the 20th century, humans won that race.'
Options:
1) would work, was working, has worked, has yet to work
2) it was, they objected, they reasoned, it were
3) inadvertently, heavily, stingily, expensively
4) started, installed, adapted, stalled
74. Melting Ice (Prediction)

At the end of the last ice age, the melting ice disrupted the ocean currents in the North Atlantic
and caused a drop in temperature of almost 5 degrees. Even though the rest of the planet was
warming up , the North Atlantic region remained in a cold period for 1300 years. The same thing
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happened around 8000 years ago, when the cooling lasted about a hundred years, and it could happen
again today. Even a short period of cooling in the North Atlantic could have a dramatic effect on the
wildlife, and the human populations, living there.
Options:
1) featured, denied, reflected, caused
2) Contrasting to, Even though, As if, Now that
3) in, off, up, back
4) on, before, after, around
5) could, can, should, could have
75. Sydney (Prediction)

Sydney is becoming effective in making the best of its limited available unconstrained land. Sydney is
suitable for integrating suitable business, office, residential, retail and other development in accessible
locations so as to maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling. Also this
city can reduce the consumption of land for housing and associated urban development on the urban
fringe. For the proposed mixed business, mixed use and business park areas, there was no
employment data available for comparable areas. It is also concluded that lack of housing supply will
affect affordability in Sydney.
Options:
1) profit, perspective, percentage, patronage
2) consumption, replenishment, inventory, accumulation
3) compensatory, competitive, communicative, comparable
4) durability, floridity, fluidity, affordability
76. Life Expectancy (Prediction)

People are generally living longer than previous generations across most parts of the world. Rising life
expectancy is a result of advances in medicine as well as improving living standards and healthier
lifestyles. But while this should be celebrated for social reasons, is it beneficial in economic terms?
Does the increase in the older population create an economic burden on society or can older people
be mobilized to enhance the productivity of communities in which they work and live? New analysis of
international data from 35 countries, published by the International Longevity Centre, provides more
evidence in favor of a 'longevity dividend'. The authors found that as life expectancy increases,
so does 'output per hour worked, per worker and per capita'.
Options:
1) celebrated, celebrates, coordinating, celebrating
2) enhancing, encounter, enhance, enhanced
3) does, doing, did, done
77. Pop Mega-stars (Prediction)

A music student at the University of Salford who wrote a song in two weeks is celebrating after being
featured on a compilation album produced by Metropolis Studios. Pop mega-stars including Adele,
Michael Jackson and Sir Elton John have all recorded music at the world-famous Metropolis Studios.
Last year, the recording studios set about compiling an album called ' Lost Songs', which features
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songs from relatively unknown musicians. First-year student Zak Taylor Fray decided to submit his
song demo to be included in Volume Two of the Lost Songs album which was released this year, after
he saw how successful Volume One had been. Zak 24, said: ' I found this competition when
simply searching the internet for songwriting competitions one day, and was lucky that there was
still time to enter. It amazes me that people who have worked with huge pop stars thought my song
was good and worth something.'
Options:
1) except, without, before, after
2) off, on, up, about
3) how, that, which, if
4) search, searching, have searched, searched
5) expiry, chance, opportunity, time
78. Linda Finch (Prediction)

Over sixty years after Amelia Earhart vanished mysteriously in the Pacific during her attempt to
become the first person to circumnavigate the world along the equator, Linda Finch, a San Antonio
businesswoman, accomplished pilot, and aviation historian, recreated and completed her idol's last
flight as a tribute to the aviation pioneer's spirit and vision. On March 17, 1997, Ms. Finch and a
navigator took off from Oakland International Airport, California, in a restored Lockheed Electra 10E,
the same make and model aircraft that Earhart used on her last journey. The mission to fulfill Amelia
Earhart's dream was called ' World Flight 1997.' Although Ms. Finch was not the first
to attempt Earhart's around-the-world journey, she was the first to do it in a historic airplane. Linda
Finch closely followed the same route that Earhart flew, stopping in 18 countries before finishing the
trip two and a half months later when she landed back at the Oakland Airport on May 28. Over a
million school children and others were able to follow the flight daily through an interactive web site
part of a free multimedia educational program called ' You Can Soar', provided by the project's
sponsor.
Options:
1) tribute, retribution, contribution, turbulence
2) shuttle, aircraft, vessel, rocket
3) acquire, claim, obtain, attempt
4) ditched, shut, landed, detoured
5) inadvertently, gradually, daily, urgently
6) inherent, inactive, interactive, intractable
7) improvisational, compositional, educational, additional
79. Wholeness of Thought (Prediction)

The writer, or, for that matter, the speaker conceives his thought whole, as a unity, but must express
it in a line of words; the reader, or listener, must take this line of symbols and from it reconstruct the
original wholeness of thought. There is little difficulty in conversation, because the listener receives
innumerable cues from the physical expressions of the speaker; there is a dialogue, and the listener
can cut in at any time. The advantage of group discussion is that people can overcome linear
sequence of words by converging on ideas from different directions; which makes for wholeness of
thought. But the reader is confronted by line upon line of printed symbols, without benefits of
physical tone and emphasis or the possibility of dialogue or discussion.
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Options:
1) recover, respect, reconstruct, reduce
2) little, no, many, few
3) lean, cut, intrude, get
4) inventing, spending, conceiving, converging
5) tune, thumb, tone, tile
80. Good Information (Prediction)

Good information One of the characteristics of 'good' information identified earlier was that it should
be 'balanced'. In an ideal world, 'objective' or 'balanced' information would present all the evidence for
and against, and leave you to weigh this up and draw conclusions. In the real world, however, we
recognize that all information presents a position of interest , although this may not necessarily be
intentional. Objectivity may therefore be an unachievable ideal. This means that the onus is on you as
the reader and user of the information to develop a critical awareness of the positions represented in
what you read, and to take account of this when you interpret the information. In some cases, authors
may explicitly express a particular viewpoint — this is perfectly valid as long as they are open about
the perspective they represent. Hidden bias, whether or not it is deliberate , can be misleading. This
could be particularly important in a subject area where there is controversy.
Options:
1) information, content, evidence, cause
2) interest, interested, internship, hobby
3) develop, yield, exert, throw
4) deliberate, delicate, deductive, delicious
81. Giant Turtle (Prediction)

A giant turtle made from discarded plastic trash will greet visitors to the British Science Festival this
week. The plastic containers, bottles and cups were collected locally in Hull, where the event is taking
place at the city's university. Standing 3.5m tall (11.5ft), the art installation was commissioned by the
University of Hull with the aim of raising awareness of plastic waste. Professor Dan Parsons, director
of the university's Energy and Environment Institute, said: 'Marine pollution is a mounting global
challenge, which is already having devastating consequences. We have a duty to protect these fragile
environments and the marine life and ecosystems which we call home. The university has
commissioned this installation as a physical reminder of what is ending up in the oceans, but also to
ask visitors to campus to stop and think what they could do to try to reduce their own waste.'
Options:
1) has, being, have, was
2) devastated, devastating, devastate, to devastate
3) settle, call, originate, go
4) reminder, receipt, reinforcement, recognition
82. Papal Reform (Prediction)

Since the last papal reform, several proposals have been offered to make the Western calendar more
useful or regular . Very few reforms, such as the rather different decimal French Republican and
Soviet calendars, had gained official acceptance , but each was put out of use shortly after its
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introduction.
Options:
1) arguments, essays, assumptions, proposals
2) expected, accomplished, overthrown, offered
3) portable, strict, regular, abnormal
4) accepted, accept, acceptance, accepting
83. Good Looks in Votes (Prediction)

It is tempting to try to prove that good looks win votes, and many academics have tried.
The difficulty is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder , and you cannot behold a politician’s face
without a veil of extraneous prejudice getting in the way. Does George Bush possess a disarming grin,
or a facetious smirk ? It’s hard to find anyone who can look at the president without assessing him
politically as well as physically .
Options:
1) principle, idea, difficulty, concept
2) people, beholder, builder, audience
3) smell, complexion, smirk, binge
4) culturally, physically, economically, individually
84. When to Revise? (Prediction)

Timing is important for revision. Have you noticed that during the school day you get times when you
just don't care any longer? I don't mean the lessons you don't like, but the ones you usually find OK,
but on some occasions, you just can't be bothered with it. You may have other things on your mind,
be tired, restless or looking forward to what comes next. Whatever the reason, that particular lesson
doesn't get 100 percent effort from you. The same is true of revision. Your mental and physical
attitudes are important . If you try to revise when you are tired or totally occupied with something else,
your revision will be inefficient and just about worthless. If you approach it feeling fresh, alert and
happy, it will be so much easier, and you will learn more, faster. However, if you make no plans and
just slip in a little bit of revision when you feel like it, you probably won’t do much revision! You need a
revision timetable, so you don't keep putting it off .
Options:
1) things, reasons, answers, works
2) effort, afford, affect, effect
3) unbelievable, excellent, important, dispensable
4) stopping, putting it off, pushing, putting out
85. Petrified Forest (Prediction)

The Petrified Forest is home to some of the most impressive fossils ever found and more are being
discovered each year as continuing erosion is exposing new evidence. Fossils found here show the
Forest was once a tropical region, filled with towering trees and extraordinary creatures. More than 150
different species of fossilized plants have been discovered by paleontologists and
evidence indicating ancient native people who inhabited this region about 10,000 years ago have
been confirmed by archeologists.
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Options:
1) exposing, expanding, explaining, expecting
2) connected, filled, restored, treated
3) indicating, arguing, thinking, assume
4) deducted, rejected, confirmed, predicted
86. Computational Thinking (Prediction)

Developing computational thinking helps students to better understand the world around them. Many
of us happily drive a car without understanding what goes on under the bonnet. So is it necessary for
children to learn how to program computers? After all, some experts say coding is one of the human
skills that will become obsolete as artificial intelligence grows. Nevertheless, governments believe
coding is an essential skill. Since 2014, the principles of computer programming have featured on
England's curriculum for children from the age of five or six, when they start primary school. While not
all children will become programmers, Mark Martin, a computing teacher at Sydenham High School,
London, argues that they should learn to understand what makes computers work and try to solve
problems as a computer might.
Options:
1) learn, looking, know, understanding
2) learn, behave, run, stop
3) strange, obsolete, fashion, popular
4) guides, leads, force, makes
87. Seminars (Prediction)

Seminars are not designed to be mini-lectures. Their educational role is to provide an opportunity for
you to discuss interesting and/or difficult aspects of the course. This is founded on
the assumption that it is only by actively trying to use the knowledge that you have acquired from
lectures and texts that you can achieve an adequate understanding of the subject. If you do not
understand a point it is highly unlikely that you will be the only person in the group in that position; you
will invariably be undertaking a service for the entire group if you come to the seminar equipped with
questions on matters which you feel you did not fully understand. The seminar is
to provoke discussion.
Options:
1) result, team, role, regulation
2) awareness, resolution, consolation, assumption
3) similarly, likely, possible, unlikely
4) service, study, reservation, education
5) stir, provoke, rinse, commit
88. Wind Moving (Prediction)

Wind is air moving around. Some winds can move as fast as a racing car, over 100 miles
an hour Winds can travel around the world. Wind can make you feel cold because you lose heat from
your body faster when it is windy. Weather forecasters need to know the speed and direction of the
wind. the strength of wind is measured using the Beaufort scale from wind force when there is no
wind, to wind force 12 which can damage houses and buildings and is called hurricane force.
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Options:
1) to, for, in, as
2) hour, second, minute, micro second
3) faster, slower, higher, lower
4) overshoot, know, check, fix
89. UWS (Prediction)

UWS graduates Racha Abboud and Anna Ford, whose story first appeared in GradLife in December
2009, have successfully risen through the ranks to be appointed Associates at leading western Sydney
law firm, Coleman Greig Lawyers. The promotion marks the culmination of many years of hard work for
these legal eagles who are the first to rise to this level from the firm's Cadet Lawyer program with
UWS.
Options:
1) absolutely, successfully, uncertainly, apparently
2) pointed, appointed, assigned, done
3) accumulation, culmination, trough, consolation
4) hawks, pigeons, murres, eagles
5) item, level, time, year
90. Wagonways in Germany (Prediction)

Roads of rails called Wagonways were being used in Germany as early as 1550. These primitive railed
roads consisted of wooden rails over which horse-drawn wagons or carts moved with greater ease
than over dirt roads. Wagonways were the beginnings of modern railroads. By 1776, iron had replaced
the wood in the rails and wheels on the carts. Wagonways evolved into Tramways and spread
throughout Europe. Horses still provided all the pulling power. In 1789, Englishman, William Jessup
designed the first wagons with flanged wheels. The flange was a groove that allowed the wheels to
better grip the rail, this was an important design that carried over to later locomotives.
Options:
1) much, early, same, late
2) primitive, projected, prioritized, prime
3) On, From, In, By
4) wheel, flange, hinge, bearing
91. Global Textile Industry (Prediction)

The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third of the water
used worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth _ produced 200 tons of water is
polluted with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity powers
the factories that card and comb, spin and weave, and cut and stitch materials into everything from
T-shirts to towels, leaving behind mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint. “Where
the industry is today is not really sustainable for the long term,” says Shreyaskar Chaudhary, chief
executive of Pratibha Syntex, a textile manufacturer based outside Indore, India. With something of an
“if you build it, they will come” attitude, Mr.Chaudhary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge
of eco-friendly textile production. Under his direction, Pratibha began making clothes with organic
cotton in 1999. Initially, the company couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central India
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to supply its factories. To meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to convince conventional
cotton farmers to change their growing methods. Pratibha provided seeds, cultivation instruction, and
a guarantee of fairtrade prices for their crops. Today, Pratibha has a network of 28,000 organic
cotton growers across the central states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa.
Options:
1) produced, made, progressed, prohibited
2) moving, leaving, processing, looking into
3) against, onto, toward, behind
4) offer, buy, supply, provide
5) their, theirs, they, them
92. Significance of Instinct (Prediction)

What is the significance of instinct in business? Does a reliable gut feeling separate winners from
losers? And is it the most valuable emotional tool any entrepreneur can possess? My observations of
successful company owners lead me to believe that a highly analytical attitude can be a drawback. At
critical junctures in commercial life, risk-taking is more an act of faith than a carefully balanced
choice. Frequently, such moments require decisiveness and absolute conviction above all else. There
is simply no time to wait for all the facts, or room for doubt. A computer program cannot tell you how
to invent and launch a new product. That journey involves too many unknowns, too much luck — and
too much sheer intuition, rather than the infallible logic that machines deliver so well. As Chekhov said:
"An artist’s flair is sometimes worth a scientist's brains"— entrepreneurs need right-brain thinking.
When I have been considering whether to buy a company and what price to offer, I have
been blinded too often by reams of due diligence from the accountants and lawyers. Usually it pays to
stand back from such mountains of grey data and weigh up the really important issues-and decide
how you feel about the opportunity.
Options:
1) ideas, thoughts, observations, researches
2) act, importance, art, emphasis
3) decisiveness, patience, confidence, courage
4) journey, mindset, prototype, path
5) rationale, rule, principle, logic
6) blinded, attracted, allured, deceived
93. Music in ancient Egypt (Prediction)

Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern society. Although it is thought
that music played a role throughout the history of Egypt, those that study the Egyptian writings have
discovered that music seemed to become more important in what is called the ‘pharaonic’ period of
their history. This was the time when the Egyptian dynasties of the pharaohs were established (around
3100 BCE) and music was found in many parts of every day Egyptian life.
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Options:
1) role, game, response, situation
2) need, require, confirm, study
3) sounded, seemed, like, thought
4) period, people, place, race
5) result, range, time, group
6) contributed, established, constructed, raised
7) found at, found, found from, found in
94. The Speech of Alchemy (Prediction)

To learn the speech of alchemy, an early form of chemistry in which people attempted to turn metals
into gold, it helps to think back to a time when there was no science : no atomic number or weight, no
periodic chart no list of elements. To the alchemists the universe was not made of leptons, bosons,
gluons, and quarks. Instead it was made of substances, and one substance-say, walnut oil-could be
just as pure as another-say, silver-even though modern chemistry would say one is heterogeneous
and the other homogeneous. Without knowledge of atomic structures, how would it be possible to tell
elements from compounds?
Options:
1) biology, science, technology, history
2) universe, horizon, heaven, spirit
3) all, completed, pure, wholesome
4) affidavit, law, chemistry, medicine
5) proper, necessary, capable, possible
95. Very Old Paris (Prediction)

Paris is very old—there has been a settlement there for at least 6000 years and its shape has been
determined in part by the River Seine, and in part by the edicts of France’s rulers. But the great
boulevards we admire today are relatively new, and were constructed to prevent any more
barricades being created by the rebellious population; that work was carried out in the middle 19th
century. The earlier Paris had been in part a maze of narrow streets and alleyways. But You can
imagine that the work was not only highly expensive, but caused great distress among the half a
million or so residents whose houses were simply razed, and whose neighbourhoods disappeared. What
is done cannot usually be undone, especially when buildings are torn down .
Options:
1) being created, that created, creating, was created
2) as if, in part, even though, as
3) merely, largely, simply, equally
4) up, from, on, down
96. Wind (Prediction)

The world’s atmosphere is forever on the move. Wind is air in motion. Sometimes air moves slowly,
giving a gentle breeze. At other times it moves rapidly, creating gales and hurricanes. Gentle or fierce,
wind always starts in the same way. As the sun moves through the sky, it heats up some parts of the
sea and land more than others. The air above these hot spots is warmed, becomes lighter than the
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surrounding air, and begins to rise. Elsewhere, cool air sinks, because it is heavier . Winds blow
because air squeezed out by sinking, cold air is sucked in under rising, warm air. Winds will blow
wherever there is a difference in air temperature and pressure, always flowing from high to low
pressure. Some winds blow in one place, and have a local name - North America’s chinook and
Frances mistral. Others are part of a huge circulation pattern that sends winds over the entire globe.
Options:
1) Gentle, Wild, Chill, Aloud
2) cold, hot, cool, warm
3) heavier, deeper, larger, colder
4) convergence, diversity, discretion, difference
5) entire, all, total, wholesome
97. DNA sequence (Prediction)

The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last November when geneticists published
the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation
about whether we could bring this behemoth back to life. Creating a living, breathing creature from a
genome sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone
someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project.
Options:
1) predicts, forecast, foresee, anticipate
2) human, molecular, animal, organ
3) driving, army, moving, carrying
98. Rudman (Prediction)

Rudman looks at how a poor understanding of Maths has led historians to false conclusions about the
Mathematical sophistication of early societies. Rudman's final observation-that ancient
Greece enjoyed unrivaled progress in the subject while failing to teach it at school-leads to
a radical punchline：Mathematics could be better learnt after we leave school.
Options:
1) marked, enjoyed, reviewed, expected
2) waiting, hesitating, hoping, failing
3) radical, rational, radish, radius
4) enter, graduate, leave, go
99. UNEP (Prediction)

Equitable and sustainable management of water resources is a major global challenge. About one third
of the world’s population lives in countries with moderate to high water stress,
with disproportionately high impacts on the poor. With respect to the current projected human
population growth, industrial development and the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the next
two decades , water demand is expected to rise to levels that will make the task of providing water for
human sustenance more difficult. Since its establishment, the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) has worked to promote sustainable water resources management practices
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through collaborative approaches at the national, regional and global levels. After more than 30 years,
water resources management continues to be a strong pillar of UNEP’S work. UNEP is actively
participating in addressing water issues together with partner UN agencies other organisations and
donors. the facilitate and catalyse water resource assessments in various developing countries;
implement projects that assist countries in developing integrated water resource management plans;
create awareness of innovative alternative technologies and assist the development. implementation
and enforcement of water resource management policies, laws and regulations.
Options:
1) disproportionately, significantly, largely, proportionately
2) new, old, past, current
3) years, decades, time, days
4) substitute, substance, sustains, sustenance
5) coordinative, connective, collaborative, relative
6) companies, agencies, firms, businesses
100. Women’s participation in labour force (Prediction)

With the increase in women's participation in the labour force, many mothers have less
time available to undertake domestic activities. At the same time, there has been
increasing recognition that the father's role and relationship with a child is important. A father can
have many roles in the family, ranging from income provider to teacher, carer, playmate and role
model. Therefore, balancing paid work and family responsibilities can be an important issue for both
fathers and mothers in families.
Options:
1) anticipation, substitution, participation, definition
2) available, related, consumable, useful
3) recognition, discrimination, resolution, recreation
4) scholarship, relationship, worship, employment
5) members, players, workers, roles
101. Origin of Music (Prediction)

Music is an important part of our lives. We connect and interact with it daily and use it as a way of
projecting our self-identities to the people around us. The music we enjoy - whether it' s country or
classical, rock n' roll or rap - reflects who we are. But where did music, at its core, first come from? It'
s a puzzling question that may not have a definitive answer. One leading researcher, however, has
proposed that the key to understanding the origin of music is nestled snugly in the loving bond
between mother and child. In a lecture at the University of Melbourne, Richard Parncutt, an
Australian-born professor of systematic musicology, endorsed the idea that music originally spawned
from ' motherese' -- the playful voices mothers adopt when speaking to infants and toddlers. As the
theory goes, increased human brain sizes caused by evolutionary changes occurring between one and
2,000,000 years ago resulted in earlier births, more fragile infants and a critical need for stronger
relationships between mothers and their newborn babies. According to Parncutt, who is based at the
University of Graz in Austria, ' motherese' arose as a way to strengthen this maternal bond and to
help ensure an infant's survival.
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Options:
1) means, convinces, shows, reflects
2) freelance, best, well-known, leading
3) adapt, adopt, sing, forge
4) clinical, chronic, critical, fallow
5) confirm, improve, ensure, enquire
102. Standard Language (Prediction)

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the relationship between standard and nonstandard
language is, evidently, still an uncertain one. We are at a transitional point between two eras. We
seem to be leaving an era when the rules of Standard English, as elected and defined by prescriptive
grammarians, totally conditioned our sense of acceptable usage, so that all other usages and varieties
were considered to be inferior or corrupt, and excluded from serious consideration. And we seem to be
approaching an era when nonstandard usages and varieties, previously denigrated or ignored, are
achieving a new presence and respectability within society, reminiscent of that found in Middle English,
when dialect variation in literature was widespread and uncontentious. But we are not there yet. The
rise of Standard English has resulted in a confrontation between the standard and nonstandard
dimensions of the language which has lasted for over 200 years, and this has had
traumatic consequences which will take some years to eliminate. Once people have been given an
inferiority complex about the way they speak or write, they find it difficult to shake off.
Options:
1) transcendent, compositional, evanescent, transitional
2) notable, irreversible, acceptable, preferential
3) isolated, suffered, excluded, concerned
4) stagnation, respectability, overestimation, discrimination
5) concatenations, consequences, successions, sequences

Charles Darwin knew intuitively that tropical forests were places of tremendous intricacy and energy.
He and his cohort of scientific naturalists were awed by the beauty of the Neotropics, where they
collected tens of thousands of species new to science. But they couldn't have guessed at the
complete contents of the rainforest, and they had no idea of its value to humankind.
Options:
1) colossal, various, tremendous, overwhelming
2) admired, influenced, awed, appreciated
3) specialities, species, spices, specifications
4) value, profit, price, power
104. Conservancy (Prediction)

To qualify as a conservancy, a committee must define the conservancy' s boundary, elect
a representative conservancy committee, negotiate a legal constitution, prove the committee's ability
to manage funds, and produce an acceptable plan for equitable distribution of wildlife-related benefits.
Once approved, registered conservancies acquire the rights to a sustainable wildlife quota , set by the
ministry.
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Options:
1) information, representative, parlimentary, management
2) attract, freeze, borrow, manage
3) moral, equitable, equal, stable
4) integrity, agreement, rights, tools
5) limit, segment, quota, quotation
105. Fresh Water (Prediction)

Everybody needs fresh water. Without water people, animals and plants cannot live. Although a few
plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water if
they are to stay fit and healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3 percent of it is
fresh, and most of that is stored as ice and snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the
Earth that we cannot get to it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million
cubic miles of it that we can use. That's about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water to share out
between most of the plants, animals and people on the planet.
Options:
1) Without, Despite, As, With
2) excited, here, up, fit
3) wide, hard, deep, common
4) can, won't, don't, cannot
106. Amazon Basin (Prediction)

This is the first study to show that the Andes have been a major source of diversity for the Amazon
basin, one of the largest reservoirs of biological diversity on Earth. The finding runs counter to
the idea that Amazonian diversity is the result of evolution only within the tropical forest itself. "
Basically, the Amazon basin is 'melting pot' for South American frogs," says graduate student Juan
Santos, lead author of the study. "Poison frogs there have come from multiple places of origin ,
notably the Andes Mountains, over many millions of years. We have shown that you cannot understand
Amazonian biodiversity by looking only in the basin. Adjacent regions have played a major role."
Options:
1) important, major, essential, special
2) pool, reservoirs, tank, territories
3) myth, idea, situation, condition
4) link, result, trigger, usher
5) living, life, origin, species
107. CPG (Prediction)

In animals, movement is coordinated by a cluster of neurons in the spinal cord called the Central
Pattern Generator (CPG). This produces signals that drive muscles to contract rhythmically in a way
that produces running or walking, depending on the pattern of pulses. A simple signal from the brain
instructs the CPG to switch between different modes , such as going from a standstill to walking.
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Options:
1) constrain, contract, contact, continue
2) rhyme, route, path, pattern
3) ways, times, modes, directions
108. Guilt and Responsibility (Prediction)

The narrative of law and order is located fundamentally at the level of individual guilt and responsibility.
Criminal acts are seen as individual issues of personal responsibility and culpability , to which the state
responds by way of policing, prosecution , adjudication and punishment. This is but one level at which
crime and criminal justice can be analysed. The problem is that so often analysis ends there, at the
level of individual action, characterised in terms of responsibility, guilt, evil. In few other areas of social
life does individualism have this hold. To take but one instance ,it would be absurd to restrict analysis
of obesity, to individual greed. It should similarly be widely seen as absurd to restrict analysis of
criminal justice issues to the culpability of individuals.
Options:
1) stability, capability, culpability, reliability
2) persecution, prosecution, execution, inspection
3) combined, characterised, chosen, concluded
4) method, exemplify, instance, reason
109. Transportation System (Prediction)

A sustainable transportation system is one in which peoples needs and desires for access to jobs,
commerce, recreation, culture and home are accommodated using a minimum of resources. Applying
principles of sustainability to transportation will reduce pollution generated by gasoline-powered
engines, noise, traffic congestion, land devaluation, urban sprawl, economic segregation, and injury to
drivers, pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, the costs of commuting, shipping, housing and goods will
be reduced . Ultimately in a sustainable San Francisco, almost all trips to and within the City will be on
public transit, foot or bicycle-as will a good part of trips to the larger Bay Region. Walking through
streets designed for pedestrians and bicycles will be more pleasant than walking through those
designed for the automobile. Street-front retail and commercial establishments will prosper from the
large volume of foot traffic drawn to an environment enhanced by trees, appropriately designed 'street
furniture' ( street lights, bicycle racks, benches, and the like) and other people. Rents and property
costs will be lowered as land for off-street parking is no longer required or needed.
Options:
1) reliability, sustainability, sustain, sustainable
2) reduced, enhance, seduced, reducing
3) apart, within, among, away
4) origins, inject, control, prosper
5) smaller, longer, most, best
110. EE&AVG (Prediction)

There has been increased research interest in the use of active video games (in which players
physically interact with images onscreen) as a means to promote physical activity in children. The aim
of this review was to assess active video games as a means of increasing energy expenditure and
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physical activity behavior in children. Studies were obtained from computerized searches of multiple
electronic bibliographic databases. The last search was conducted in December 2008. Eleven studies
focused on the quantification of the energy cost associated with playing active video games, and eight
studies focused on the utility of active video games as an intervention to increase physical activity in
children. Compared with traditional non-active video games, active video games elicited greater
energy expenditure, which was similar in intensity to mild to moderate intensity physical activity. The
intervention studies indicate that active video games may have the potential to increase free-living
physical activity and improve body composition in children; however, methodological limitations
prevent definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on larger, methodologically sound
intervention trials to provide definitive answers as to whether this technology is effective
in promoting long-term physical activity in children.
Options:
1) examine, obstruct, inspect, promote
2) inversion, infusion, aversion, intervention
3) elicited, consumed, reduced, spread
4) composition, element, tissue, nutrition
5) optimal, definitive, positive, optimistic
6) obstructing, promoting, reviewing, assessing
111. Mass-communications (Prediction)

Traditionally, mass-communications research has conceptualized the process of communication in
terms of a circulation circuit or loop. This model has been criticized for its linearity --
sender/message/receiver -- for its concentration on the level of message exchange and for the
absence of a structured conception of the different moments as a complex structure of relations. But
it is also useful to think of this process in terms of a structure produced and sustained through the
articulation of linked but distinctive moments production, circulation, distribution/consumption,
reproduction. This would be to think of the process as a ' complex structure in dominance' , sustained
through the articulation of connected practices, each of which, however, retains its distinctiveness and
has its own specific modality, its own forms and conditions of existence.
Options:
1) medal, modal, model, moral
2) useful, unbelievable, impossible, meaningless
3) if, and, but, or
4) works, practice, production, process
5) general, real, common, specific
112. APS (Prediction)

The APS supports the development of an Australian curriculum for psychological science. The APS
Division of Psychological Research, Education and Training, in consultation with teacher and
curriculum representatives from every State and Territory in Australia, has developed a proposed
framework for senior secondary school studies in psychological science. This framework is modelled
on the current senior science curricula that were developed and published by the Australian
Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. The APS hopes that this framework will facilitate a
dialogue between educators and their local curriculum authority, with the aim of working towards a
more consistent approach to the teaching of psychological science at secondary school level and
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optimising the preparation for students going on to undergraduate psychology studies at university, as
well as the effective use of psychological principles in everyday life.
Options:
1) confidence, consultation, consolation, condolence
2) has been developed, has developed, had been developing, have developed
3) has modelled on, to model on, is modelled on, modelled on
4) fertilize, facilitate, fascinate, fabricate
5) conjunctive, constituent, consistent, consequent
113. Bad Title (Prediction)

A good story may be given a bad title by its author, and so started toward failure. Novices are
peculiarly liable to this fault, usually through allowing themselves to be too easily satisfied. They go to
infinite pains to make the story itself fresh and individual, and then cap it with a commonplace phrase
that is worse than no title at all. A good title is apt , specific, attractive, new, and short. A title is apt if
it is an outgrowth of the plot—a text, as I have said. It stands definitely for that particular story, and
gives a suggestion of what is to come—but only a suggestion, lest it should anticipate the denouement
and so satisfy the curiosity of the reader too soon.
Options:
1) able, responsible, liable, possible
2) disabling, asking, persuading, allowing
3) void, default, fussy, apt
4) intensify, multiply, satisfy, notify
114. Computer (Prediction)

The purpose of this paper is to consider the claim, often made, that computer simulation exercises
provide an excellent source of speaking practice. In so doing I shall first consider the properties of
computer simulations from a theoretical point of view , then describe the experience of using a
particular simulation with a general EFL class. On the basis of this experience, and of some very
straightforward pedagogical considerations, I shall argue that the claim is justified, subject to a very
important caveat: computer simulations can form the basis of excellent speaking exercises, provided
you do not expect the computer to do all the work. Put in another way, many computer simulations
only attain their full potential as language exercises if they are integrated into a larger, planned,
teacher-managed activity.
Options:
1) combination of circumstances, train of thought, line of vision, point of view
2) used, being used, using, having been used
3) subject, reject, expect, inject
4) contain, attain, retain, remain
5) separated, included, participated, integrated
115. High-protein Diet (Prediction)

In our studies, those people on a high-protein diet lost the same amount of weight as those on a
higher-carbonhydrate diet, since the two diets offered an equal amount of kilojoules and the same
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amount of fat. However, body composition (that is, the ratio of fat to muscle) showed greater
improvement among those people on the higher-protein diet. When the participants in other studies
were allowed to eat until they were no longer hungry, those on the higher protein diet lost more weight
than those on the higher carbohydrate diet, even after more than a year. The reduction in hunger and
the beneficial effect on muscle provided by the higher-protein diet is mostly related to its protein
content, while the reduced triglyceride levels and enhanced fat-loss seem to be related to its lower
amounts of carbonhydrate. The diet is healthy because its protein comes from lean red meat, fish,
chicken and low-fat dairy products, all of which provide good nutrition. A high-protein diet in which
the protein comes from protein powders and supplements is unlikely to be healthy, unless the
supplements are fortified with vitamins and minerals.
Options:
1) suffered, done, offered, created
2) researchers, audience, scientists, participants
3) provide, release, consisting, provides
4) supplied, fortified, interacted, teemed
116. Sigmund Freud (Prediction)

That Sigmund Freud became a major intellectual presence in twentieth-century culture is not in
doubt. Nor is there any doubt that at all times there was both fervent enthusiasm over and bitter
hostility to his ideas and influence. But the exact means by which Freud became, despite this hostility,
a master of intellectual life, on a par, already in the 1920s, with Karl Marx, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie
and Bertrand Russell, has not been sufficiently explored. Strikingly, Freud emerged as a twentieth-
century icon without the endorsement and support of an institution or a profession (in contrast to
Einstein, Curie and Russell). Where are we to look for the details of this story of an emergent - and
new - figure of immense cultural authority? One of the principal aims of this book is to show how this
happened in one local, parochial yet privileged, site - Cambridge, then as now a university town
stranded in the English Fens with a relatively small fluctuating population.
Options:
1) Otherwise, Nor, Yet, Neverthless
2) by, in, of, on
3) whom, whose, which, that
4) fluctuating, fluctuate, fluctuated, fluctuation
117. Population Change (Prediction)

Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality and migration. Fertility involves the
number of children that women have and differs from fecundity (a woman's childbearing potential).
Mortality is the study of the causes, consequences and measurement of processes affecting death in
a population. Demographers most commonly study mortality using the Life Table, a
statistical device which provides information about the mortality conditions (most notably the life
expectancy) in the population. Migration refers to the movement of persons from an origin place to a
destination place across some pre-defined political boundary. Migration researchers do not designate
movements as migrations' unless they are somewhat permanent. Thus demographers do not consider
tourists and travelers to be migrating. While demographers who study migration typically do so through
census data on place of residence , indirect sources of data including tax forms and labor force
surveys are also important. Demography is today widely taught in many universities across the
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world, attracting students with initial training in social sciences, statistics or health studies.
Options:
1) contributes, rotates, involves, encapsulates
2) ingredient, room, factor, device
3) but, though, unless, however
4) commute, residence, life, health
5) confusing, attracting, dividing, discriminating
118. Bones (Prediction)

Bones also protect the organs in our bodies. The skull protects the brain and forms the shape of the
face. The spinal cord, a pathway for messages between the brain and the body, is protected by the
backbone, or spinal column. The ribs form a cage that shelters the heart and lungs, and the pelvis
helps protect the bladder, part of the intestines, and in women, the reproductive organs. Bones are
made up of a framework of a protein called collagen , with a mineral called calcium phosphate that
makes the framework hard and strong. Bones store calcium and release some into the bloodstream
when it's needed by other parts of the body. The amounts of certain vitamins and minerals that you
eat, especially vitamin D and calcium, directly affect how much calcium is stored in the bones. Joints
are where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible — without them, movement would be
impossible. Joints allow our bodies to move in many ways. Some joints open and close like a hinge
(such as knees and elbows), whereas others allow for more complicated movement — a shoulder or
hip joint, for example, allows for backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movement. Joints are
classified by their range of movement: Immovable, or fibrous, joints don't move. The dome of the skull,
for example, is made of bony plates, which move slightly during birth and then fuse together as the
skull finishes growing. Between the edges of these plates are links, or joints, of fibrous tissue. Fibrous
joints also hold the teeth in the jawbone. Partially movable, or cartilaginous, joints move a little. They
are linked by cartilage, as in the spine. Each of the vertebrae in the spine moves in relation to the one
above and below it, and together these movements give the spine its flexibility. Freely movable, or
synovial (pronounced: sih-NO-vee-ul), joints move in many directions. The main joints of the body —
such as those found at the hip, shoulders, elbows, knees, wrists, and ankles — are freely movable.
They are filled with synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant to help the joints move easily. Three kinds
of freely movable joints play a big part in voluntary movement: Hinge joints allow movement in one
direction, as seen in the knees and elbows. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of
the head moving from side to side. Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom of movement.
The hips and shoulders have this type of joint, in which the round end of a long bone fits into the
hollow of another bone.
Options:
1) alleviates, incurs, moves, shelters
2) that, which, one, two
3) whole, entire, individual, main
4) All, Two, One, Three
119. Interdisciplinary Centre (Prediction)

A new interdisciplinary centre for the study of the frontiers of the universe, from the tiniest subatomic
particle to the largest chain of galaxies, has been formed at The University of Texas at Austin. The
Texas Cosmology Centre will be a way for the university' s departments of Astronomy and Physics
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to collaborate on research that concerns them both 'This centre will bring the two departments
together in an area where they overlap —in the physics of the very early universe,' said Dr. Neal
Evans, Astronomy Department chair. Astronomical observations have revealed the presence of dark
matter and dark energy, discoveries that challenge our knowledge of fundamental physics. And today'
s leading theories in physics involve energies so high that no Earth-bound particle accelerator can
test them. They need the universe as their laboratory . Steven Weinberg, Nobel laureate and professor
of physics at the university, called the Centre' s advent a very exciting development for that
department.
Options:
1) separate, collaborate, participate, cooperative
2) overlapped, overload, overlap, folded
3) enhanced, released, revealed, deluded
4) workshop, library, laboratory, basement
5) adventure, movement, advent, approach
120. Debt, Poverty and Development (Prediction)

Books and articles highlighting intractable debt, poverty and development abound in both the
academic and popular literature. This addition to the debate is both timely and interesting as it
subsumes the economic debate to the broader social, political, environmental and institutional context
of debt in developing countries. Debt-for-Development Exchanges: History and New Applications
is intended for a wide audience including: academics from a range of disciplines (including accounting
and finance); non-Government organisations (NGOs); civil society groups; and, both debtor and
creditor governments and public sector organization. Professor Ross Buckley, author and editor, has
developed an international profile in the area of debt relief and this book is the outcome of an
Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery grant to explore debt-for development mechanisms that
relieve debt, improve development outcomes from aid, are practically and politically attractive to
creditors and contribute to regional security.
Options:
1) due to, as, so, for
2) planned, accepted, determined, intended
3) develop, has developed, have developed, developed
4) into, in, from, at
5) cause, lead, attribute, contribute
121. Spotted Owls (Prediction)

Our analysis of the genetic structure of northern spotted owls across most of the range of the
subspecies allowed us to test for genetic discontinuities and identify landscape features that influence
the subspecies' genetic structure. Although no distinct genetic breaks were found in northern spotted
owls, several landscape features were important in structuring genetic variation. Dry, low elevation
valleys and the high elevation Cascade and Olympic Mountains restricted gene flow, while the lower
Oregon Coast Range facilitated gene flow, acting as a ' genetic corridor.' The Columbia River did not
act as a barrier, suggesting owls readily fly over this large river. Thus, even in taxa such as northern
spotted owls with potential for longdistance dispersal, landscape features can have an important
impact on gene flow and genetic structure.
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Options:
1) distinct, transparent, oblivious, vague
2) few, several, much, many
3) hindered, embedded, enabled, facilitated
4) suggesting, demonstrating, telling, stating
122. Progressive Enhancement (Prediction)

Progressive enhancement is a design practice based on the idea that instead of designing for the
least capable browser, or mangling our code to make a site look the same in every browser, we should
provide a core set of functionality and information to all users, and then progressively enhance the
appearance and behavior of the site for users of more capable browsers. It's very productive
development practice. Instead of spending hours working out how to add drop shadows to the borders
of an element in every browser, we simply use the standards-based approach for browsers that
support it and don't even attempt to implement it in browsers that don't. After all, the users of older
and less capable browsers wont know what they are missing. The biggest challenge to progressive
enhancement is the belief among developers and clients that websites should look the same in every
browser. As a developer, you can simplify your life and dedicate your time to more interesting
challenges if you let go of this outdated notion and embrace progressive enhancement.
Options:
1) conflicting with, designing for, comparing with, confining within
2) moderately emphasize, progressively enhance, gently implicate, gradually dilapidate
3) In addition to taking, With respect to assuming, Instead of spending, Thanks to conserving
4) biggest challenge, finest opportunity, easiest issue, barest risk
123. Rocket (Prediction)

SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on Friday at 1845 GMT (1445 EDT),
reaching orbit 9 minutes later. The rocket lofted an uncrewed mockup of SpaceX's Dragon capsule,
which is designed to one-day carry both crew and cargo to orbit. 'This has been a good day for
SpaceX and a promising development for the US human space flight programme,' said Robyn
Ringuette of SpaceX in a webcast of the launch. In a teleconference with the media on Thursday,
SpaceX's CEO, Paypal co-founder Elon Musk, said he would consider the flight 100 percent successful
if it reached orbit . ' Even if we prove out just that the first stage functions correctly, I'd still say that's
a good day for a test,' he said. ' It's a great day if both stages work correctly.' SpaceX hopes to win a
NASA contract to launch astronauts to the International Space Station using the Falcon 9. US
government space shuttles, which currently make these trips, are scheduled to retire for safety
reasons at the end of 2010.
Options:
1) setup, mockup, setting, base
2) promising, hopefully, rapid, encouraging
3) track, orbit, path, trajectory
4) trust, contract, support, arrangement
5) accelerate, launch, resign, retire
124. Effective Leader (Prediction)
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In search of lessons to apply in our own careers, we often try to emulate what effective leaders do.
Roger Martin says this focus is misplaced, because moves that work in one context may make little
sense in another. A more productive, though more difficult, approach is to look at how such
leaders think . After extensive interviews with more than 50 of them, the author discovered that most
are integrative thinkers -that is, they can hold in their heads two opposing ideas at once and then
come up with a new idea that contains elements of each but is superior to both.
Options:
1) solicit, request, apply, appeal
2) emulate, ferret, purge, conspire
3) think, behave, launch, act
4) reliable, responsible, integrative, indispensable
5) which, each, every, all
125. History Books (Prediction)

What history books tell us about the past is not everything that happened, but what historians have
selected .They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. Choices must similarly be made
about which aspects of the past should be formally taught to the next generation in the shape of
school history lessons. So, for example ,when a national school curriculum for England and Wales was
first discussed at the end of the 1980s, the history curriculum was the subject of considerable public
and media interest . Politicians argued about it; people wrote letters to the press about it; the Prime
Minister of the time, Margaret Thatcher, intervened in the debate. Let us think first about the question
of content. There were two main camps on this issue _ those who thought the history of Britain should
take pride of place , and those who favored what was referred to as 'world history'.
Options:
1) be selected, have selected, been selected, select
2) as a result, in respect to, for example, subjectively
3) preference, tracks, interest, tastes
4) had intervened, intervened, was intervened, was intervening
5) location, place, culture, opportunity
126. Online Campus (Prediction)

Remember when universities were bursting at the seams with students sitting in the aisles, balancing
books on their knees? No more, it seems. E-learning is as likely to stand for empty lecture theatres as
for the internet revolution , which has greatly increased the volume and range of course materials
available online in the past five years. " The temptation now is to simply think, 'Everything will be online
so I don't need to go to class'," said Dr Kerri-Lee Krause, of the Centre for the Study of Higher
Education at the University of Melbourne. The nation's universities are in the process of opening the
doors for the new academic year and, while classes are generally well attended for the early weeks, it
often does not last. " There is concern at the university level about student attendance dropping and
why students are not coming to lectures,"Dr Krause said. But lecturers' pride - and fierce competition
among universities for students - mean few are willing to acknowledge publicly how poorly attended
many classes are.
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Options:
1) revolution, period, change, time
2) price, volume, resilience, hyperbole
3) interest, temptation, frustration, trigger
4) designed, placed, participated, attended
5) intensive, less, fierce, brutal
127. Disease (Prediction)

If you have a chronic disease such as heart disease, diabetes, asthma, or back or joint pain, exercise
can have important health benefits . However, it's important to talk to your doctor before starting an
exercise routine . He or she might have advice on what exercises are safe and any precautions you
might need to take while exercising.
Options:
1) chronic, acute, rarely, abnormal
2) issues, rituals, problems, benefits
3) operation, habit, outfit, routine
4) advice, compliment, addiction, advertisement
128. Arbitration (Prediction)

Arbitration is a method of conflict resolution which, with more or less formalized mechanisms, occurs
in many political and legal spheres. There are two main characteristics to arbitration. The first is that it
is a voluntary process under which two parties in conflict agree between themselves to be bound by
the judgment of a third party which has no other authority over them; the judgment, however, is not
legally binding. The second is that there is usually no clear body of laws or set of rules that must
apply; the arbitrator is free, subject to any prior agreement with the conflicting parties, to decide on
whatever basis of justice is deemed suitable .
Options:
1) statistics, benefits, characters, characteristics
2) punished, rewarded, bond, bound
3) governments, laws, lawyers, fines
4) object, subject, submarine, lead
5) capable, predictable, remarkable, suitable
129. United Nations (Prediction)

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. Due to its unique international
character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the organization can take action on a wide
range of issues and provide a forum for its 193 Member States to express their views, through the
General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and
committees. The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe. Although best known
for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many
other ways the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect
our lives and make the world a better place.
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Options:
1) advantage, recognition, action, promotion
2) reveal, release, contradict, express
3) war, corner, meeting, time
4) prediction, renovation, invention, prevention
130. Sleep Patterns (Prediction)

Children have sound sleep patterns. They can successfully sleep for 8-9 hours and get up at a fixed
time. But teenagers don't.Their need of an early start to schools or other schedules can influence their
sleep patterns. Despite these factors , they actually need longer sleep. So, parents should try and
speak to their children, who are suitable to help them understand that a night of sound sleep is always
helpful.
Options:
1) sound, loud, erratic, poor
2) periodically, successfully, hardly, barely
3) effect, influence, gained, diverge
4) Regardless, Despite, As, Unless
5) probabilities, factors, particles, forms
6) reinforced, suitable, lucky, linking
131. Politics Disciplines (Prediction)

This course provides students with an in-depth understanding of the exciting disciplines of politics and
international relations and commerce. Students will learn about the workings of political institutions in
countries around the world and explore the complex field of relations between nations. Topics in
governance, public policy, public administration, national security, border control and commerce
ensure that students receive a broad and current education in the range of issues which are covered
under the label of politics and international relations and commerce. In addition to acquiring
specialist knowledge and competencies in Politics and International Relations and Commerce, students
will graduate with a range of generic skills such as critical thinking, enhanced communication abilities,
problem solving and strong capacities to work with others. They will also develop ethically based and
socially responsible attitudes and behaviors.
Options:
1) workings, redundancies, exonerations, segmentations
2) brood, confined, narrow, broad
3) information, experience, knowledge, abilities
4) responsible, accountability, responsibility, liable
132. Australian Women Novelists (Prediction)

In the literary world, it was an accepted assumption that the 1970s was a time of unprecedented
growth in homegrown Australian fiction. And everybody was reading and talking about books by young
Australian women. But it was not until recently that a researcher was able to measure just how many
novels were published in that decade, and she found that there had been a decline in novels by
Australian writers overall, but confirmed an increase in women' s novels. It is this sort of research -
testing ideas about literary history - that is becoming possible with the spread of 'Digital Humanities.'
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The intersection of Humanities and digital technologies is opening up opportunities in the fields of
literature, linguistics, history and language that were not possible without computational methods and
digitized resources to bring information together in an accessible way. Transcription software is being
developed for turning scans of books and documents into text, as the field of digital humanities really
takes off .
Options:
1) not until, until, impossible, till
2) should become, must become, is becoming, will become
3) is opened to, is opening up, is opened up, is opening to
4) were not possible, was not possible, could be possible, can be possible
5) squeeze, bring, muddle, stow
6) in, off, on, over
133. Sociology (Prediction)

Sociology is, in very basic terms, the study of human societies. In this respect, it is usually classed as
one of the social sciences (along with subjects like psychology) and was established as a subject in
the late 18th century (through the work of people like the French writer Auguste Comte). However, the
subject has only really gained acceptance as an academic subject in the 20th century through the
work of writers such as Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Talcott Parsons (names that will be visited
throughout this course). One name that you may have heard of-Karl Marx (the founder of modern
Communism)-has probably done more to stimulate people' s interest in the subject than anyone else,
even though he lived and wrote (1818-1884) in a period before sociology became fully established as
an academic discipline. Sociology therefore, has a reasonably long history of development, (150-200
years) although in Britain it has only been in the last 30- 40 years that sociology as an examined
subject in the education system has achieved a level of importance equivalent to, or above, most of
the other subjects it impossible to study.
Options:
1) classes, classed, identified, remembered
2) studied, confirmed, established, designed
3) acceptance, satisfaction, plurality, knowledge
4) although, however, despite, because
134. Bizarre Universe (Prediction)

It seems we live in a bizarre universe. One of the greatest mysteries in the whole of science is the
prospect that 75% of the Universe is made up from a mysterious substance known as ' Dark Energy',
which causes an acceleration of the cosmic expansion. Since a further 21% of the Universe is made
up from invisible ' Cold Dark Matter' hat can only be detected through its gravitational effects, the
ordinary atomic matter making up the rest is apparently only 4% of the total cosmic budget.
These discoveries require a shift in our perception as great as that made after
Copernicus' revelation that the Earth moves around the Sun. This lecture will start by reviewing the
chequered history of Dark Energy, not only since Einstein' s proposal for a similar entity in 1917, but by
tracing the concept back to Newton' s ideas. This lecture will summarize the current evidence for Dark
Energy and future surveys in which UCL is heavily involved: the ' Dark Energy Survey', the Hubble
Space Telescope and the proposed Euclid space mission.
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Options:
1) stuff, matter, substance, material
2) deducted, observed, seen, detected
3) innovations, studies, discoveries, theories
4) revelation, suspicion, conviction, revolution
5) overthrow, admit, summarize, focus
135. Siblings (Prediction)

No two siblings are the same, not even identical twins. Parents often puzzle about why their children
are so different from one another. They' ll say, I brought them up all the same. They forget that
what determines our behaviour isn't what happens to us but how we interpret what happens to us, and
no two people ever see anything in exactly the same way.
Options:
1) alike, same as, identical, fraternal
2) confuse, guess, puzzle, inquiry
3) raised, brought, grew, fed
4) cause, determines, leads, limits
5) interpret, interrupt, interact, introduce
136. Joseph Engelberger (Prediction)

Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked 'I can't define a robot but I know
one when I see one'. If you consider all the different machines people call robots, you can see that it's
nearly impossible to come up with a comprehensive definition. Everybody has a different idea of what
constitutes a robot.
Options:
1) distinguish, confirm, explain, define
2) units, mechanism, machines, items
3) assemble, create, call, fix
4) complicated, comprehensive, unique, simple
5) same, different, single, perfective
137. Nightjar (Prediction)

The nightjar's soft plumage and variegated coloring help it blend in with its surrounds, but it is the
bird's own judgement in choosing the most sympathetic background that makes it a camouflage
champion. Each bird chooses where to nest based on its specific patterns and colors, says
camouflage researcher Martin Stevens, of the Centre for Ecology and Conservation at the University
of Exeter in Cornwall. "Each individual bird looks a little bit different," he says. "This is not a species-
level choice. Individual birds consistently sit in places that enhance their own unique
markings, both within a habitat and at a fine scale with regards to specific background sites."
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Options:
1) blench, blend, blank, blink
2) pleads, makes, turns, covers
3) based, basing, basis, basic
4) together, both, overall, combining
138. Business (Prediction)

One distinguishing feature of business is its economic character. In the world of business, we interact
with each other not as family members, friends, or neighbors, but as buyers and sellers ,employers and
employees, and the like. Trading, for example, is often accompanied by hard bargaining, in which both
sides conceal their full hand and perhaps engage in some bluffing. And a skilled salesperson is
well- versed in the art of arousing a customer' s attention (sometimes by a bit of puffery) to clinch the
sale. Still, there is an "ethics of trading" that prohibits the use of false or deceptive claims and tricks
such as "bait-and-switch" advertising.
Options:
1) sellers, solicitors, tellers, traders
2) accompanied, customized, complimented, accomplished
3) engage, thrive, flourish, conduct
4) informed, staffed, equipped, versed
5) hitch, solve, bust, clinch
139. Investment Choice (Prediction)

Men and women are making different choices about their retirement savings, which could lead to very
different investment outcomes, according to Dr Claire Matthews, Director of Financial Planning at
Massey University's Centre for Banking Studies. Speaking at the 2012 New Zealand Finance
Colloquium, held at Massey University's Albany campus last week, Dr Matthews said demographic
characteristics had a substantial impact on the choices people made about KiwiSaver funds and
retirement savings more generally. When it came to fund selection, she found there were significant
differences based on gender. Men are more likely to invest in aggressive and growth funds, while
women are more likely to choose conservative funds. "Males are risk takers, whether it's in their
choice of car or their investment fund," she says. "But when it comes to long-term savings, risk taking
can actually be an advantage." Dr Matthews also found that men are more likely than women to have
prior savings when joining KiwiSaver. Just over half of male respondents said they had savings already,
while only 38% of women did. "These figures reflect and confirm, quite disappointingly, the difference
between males and females and the level of interest they take in financial planning," Dr Matthews
says. "It's important for all New Zealanders to be better educated about their personal finances, but
this is particularly so for women." Other demographic factors, including age, ethnicity, education, and
income, can also influence the choices being made about retirement savings. Dr Matthews found that
those with bachelor and higher degrees, and those in households with a pre-tax income of $100,000
or more, were more likely to choose aggressive and growth funds. On the other hand , both the
youngest and oldest age groups were more likely to be invested in conservative funds. While this might
be appropriate for the life-cycle stage of older investors, it might not be so appropriate for younger,
longer-term investors.
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Options:
1) Apart from, In spite of, As far as, When it came to
2) if, only, unless, whether
3) being, had, have, were
4) retrogressive, steady, challenging, growth
5) To be honest, Last but not least, For example, On the other hand
6) constructive, compensative, consecutive, conservative
140. Delegation (Prediction)

The process of delegation comprises the decision to delegate, the briefing, and the follow-up. At each
of these points, anticipate the potential problems. When you delegate, you are not delegating the right
to perform an action ,you are delegating the right to make decisions. It is important to be flexible ,as
the person to whom you delegate may have a better and faster way of completing a job than
you. Overall responsibility for a delegated task remains with you. It is helpful to others if you can
provide constructive feedback on their performance.
Options:
1) account, answer, arise, anticipate
2) aspiration, action, activity, articulation
3) fluid, feasible, flexible, fixed
4) Overlapping, Overestimated, Overall, Overarching
5) credential, conclusive, constructive, effusive
141. Crime (Prediction)

Crime is an integral part of everyday life. It is a prominent feature in the news and is a popular subject
for fictional portrayal. Most students commencing legal studies will have some experience of crime,
whether directly, as a victim of crime or indirectly through exposure to media coverage. This means
that most offenses covered on the syllabus, such as murder, theft and rape will be familiar terms. This
tends to give students the impression that they know more about criminal law than they do about
other subjects on the syllabus. This can be a real disadvantage in terms of the academic study of
criminal law because it tends to lead students to rely on preconceived notion of the nature and scope
of the offenses and to reach instinctive, but often legally inaccurate, conclusions. It is
absolutely essential to success in criminal law that you put aside any prior knowledge of the offenses
and focus on the principles of law derived from statutes and cases. By doing this, you will soon
appreciate just how much difference there is between everyday conceptions of crime and its
actuality.
Options:
1) feature, point, headline, fuss
2) covering, covered, cover, has covered
3) in spite of, in front of, in terms of, by comparison with
4) inevitable, responsible, essential, coercive
5) For, Despite, By, Without
142. Writing Style (Prediction)

Learning to write well in college means learning (or re-learning) how to write clearly and plainly. Now
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that doesn' t mean that plainness is the only good style, or that you should become a slave to spare,
unadorned writing. Formality and ornateness have their place, and in competent hands complexity can
take us on a dizzying, breathtaking journey. But most students, most of the time should strive to be
sensibly simple to develop a baseline style of short words, active verbs and relatively simple
sentence conveying clear actions or identities. It's faster, it makes arguments easier to follow, it
increases the chances a busy reader will bother to pay attention, and it lets you focus more attention
on your moments of rhetorical flourish which I do not advise abandoning altogether.
Options:
1) solder, person, staff, slave
2) helping, competent, comparative, heaving
3) commit, reject, strive, stick
4) concealing, conveying, defining, confining
5) rise, focus, pin, span
143. Distance Learning (Prediction)

Distance learning can be highly beneficial to a large variety of people from young students wanting to
expand their horizons to adults looking for more job security, with programs that allow learners of all
ages to take courses for fun, personal advancement and degrees, distance learning can meet the
needs of a diverse population. Perhaps one of the most notable and often talked about advantages of
distance learning is the flexibility the majority of programs allow students to learn when and where it's
convenient for them. For those who are struggling to balance their distance learning goals with working
a fulltime job and taking care of a family this kind of flexibility can allow many people
to pursue education who would not otherwise be able to do so. Since there are no on-campus
courses to attend, students can learn from their own homes, at work on their lunch breaks and from
virtually anywhere with internet access. For some it can even be a big source of savings on the fuel
costs and time required to commute to classes.
Options:
1) claim, achieve, devise, meet
2) definitions, factors, advantages, defaults
3) employers, them, those, teachers
4) obey, accelerate, test, pursue
5) Although, Thus, Nevertheless, Since
144. Language (Prediction)

Language comes so naturally to us that it is easy to forget what a strange and miraculous gift it is. All
over the world members of our species fashion their breath into hisses and hums and squeaks and
pops and listen to others do the same .We do this, of course, not only because we like the sounds but
because details of the sounds contain information about the intentions of the person making them.
We, humans, are fitted with a means of sharing our ideas, in all their unfathomable vastness. When we
listen to speech, we can be led to think thoughts that have never been thought before and that never
would have occurred to us on our own. Behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not
consumed. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever,
and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings
of existence. Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. I have found it impossible to carry
the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King without the help and support of
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the woman I love.
Options:
1) genre, category, group, species
2) same, so, liking, correspondence
3) intentions, interventions, determinations, attempts
4) rendering, loading, turning, sharing
5) appeared, occurred, risen, opened
145. English Language (Prediction)

English is the world's language. Such dominance has its downside, of course. There are now about
6,800 languages left in the world, compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of
agriculture. Thanks in part to the rise of uber-languages, most importantly English, the remaining
languages are now dying at the rate of about one a fortnight.
Options:
1) dominance, area, field, situation
2) once, representing, duplicating, twice
3) sense, terms, part, relation
4) growth, velocity, rate, development
146. Parasitic Plants (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于寄⽣植物parasitic plants 与宿主植物host plants之间的互⽣关系。第⼀个空： Flowers
are pollinated well and their seeds are (dispersed) 第⼆个空：they are (co-evolved) to 第三个空：the
results will be (upsetting) for both species.
147. Film (Prediction)

Film is where art meets commerce. As Orson Welles said:"A painter just needs a brush and the writer
just needs a pen, but the producer needs an army." And an army needs money. A producer is just like
an entrepreneur, and we raise money to make films. First, we need to find an original idea or a book or
a play and purchase the rights, then we need money to develop that idea, often not a reasonably
small sum. Besides , to commission a writer for the screenplay isn't something you would want to
gamble your own money on, so you find a partner. We are lucky here in the UK, as we have Film 4,
BBC Films and the UK Film Council, all of which are good places to develop an idea. Producing in
Britain is very different to producing in America or even Europe because the economic dynamic is
different.
Options:
1) As, Likely, Unlike, Despite
2) raise, arise, rise, raze
3) Nevertheless, Or, Besides, Thus
4) them, that, those, which
5) until, even, unless, ever
148. Foreign Policy (Prediction)
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The foreign policy of a state, it is often argued, begins and ends with the border. No doubt an
exaggeration, this aphorism nevertheless has an element of truth. A state's relation with its neighbors,
at least in the formative years, are greatly influenced by its frontier policy, especially when there are
no settled borders. Empire builders in the past sought to extend imperial frontiers for a variety of
reasons; subjugation of kings and princes to gain their allegiance (as well as handsome tributes or the
coffers of the state), and, security of the core of the empire from external attacks by establishing a
string of buffer states in areas adjoining the frontiers. The history of British empire in India was no
different. It is important to note in this connection that the concept of international boundaries
(between two sovereign states), demarcated and delineated , was yet to emerge in India under Mughal
rule.
Options:
1) element, exertion, evidence, explanation
2) cultivating, early, formative, established
3) disputed, irregular, nether, settled
4) fame, credit, allegiance, prestige
5) adjoining, joining, jointing, adjourning
6) delineated, divided, circled, deposited
149. Allergies (Prediction)

What are allergies? Allergies are abnormal immune system reactions to things that are typically
harmless to most people. When you're allergic to something, your immune system mistakenly believes
that this substance is harmful to your body. (Substances that cause allergic reactions- such as
certain foods, dust, plant pollen, or medicines- are known as allergens.) In an attempt to protect the
body, the immune system produces IgE antibodies to that allergen. Those antibodies then cause
certain cells in the body to release chemicals into the bloodstream, one of which is histamine
(pronounced: HIS-tuh-meen). The histamine then acts on the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin, or
gastrointestinal tract and causes the symptoms of the allergic reaction. Future exposure to that same
allergen will trigger this antibody response again. This means that every time you come into contact
with that allergen, you'll have some form of allergy symptoms.
Options:
1) mistakenly, misleadingly, involuntarily, unprovokedly
2) protect, strengthen, equip, hedge
3) dissolve, thicken, release, crystallize
4) stings, offends, reacts, acts
5) antigen, counter, antibody, psychological
150. Oxford Course (Prediction)

When I enrolled in my master's course at Oxford last year, I had come straight from medical school
with the decision to leave clinical science for good. Thinking back, I realize that I didn't put very much
weight on this decision at the time. But today, I more clearly understand the consequences of leaving
my original profession. When I meet old friends who are now physicians and surgeons, I sense how our
views on medical problems have diverged .They scrutinize the effects of disease and try to eliminate
or alleviate them; I try to understand how they come about in the first place. I feel happier working on
this side of the problem, although I do occasionally miss clinical work and seeing patients. However,
when I think about the rate at which my medical skills and knowledge have dissipated , the years spent
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reading weighty medical textbooks, the hours spent at the bedside, I sometimes wonder if these years
were partly a waste of time now that I am pursuing a research career. Nonetheless, I know the value
of my medical education. It is easy to forget the importance of the biosciences when working with
model organisms in basic research that seem to have nothing to do with a sick child or a suffering
elderly person. Yet, I still have vivid memories of the cruel kaleidoscope of severe diseases and of how
they can strike a human being. I hope to retain these memories as a guide in my current occupation.
Options:
1) subsequences, consequences, successors, successions
2) unified, diverged, converged, diversified
3) disappeared, disclosed, dipped, dissipated
4) consumption, waste, misuse, splash
5) strike, jar, pounce, simulate
151. Museum (Prediction)

The best way to experience the museum is from the top floor down. One emerges from the elevators
into a spacious hallway. At some hours, museum staff members are giving small hands-
on demonstrations of techniques such as quillwork. These activities take place near wall cases filled
with objects. These small surveys of the museum's vast holdings are called "Windows on the
Collection." Appearing on every floor in the halls that overlook the rotunda, these display cases serve
as a kind of visible storage, presenting a panoply of objects and materials. Their arrangements are
artistic, and their contents perhaps intentionally designed to jar the visitor. For example, the largest
case on the fourth floor displays animal imagery of all sorts. Older sculptures of birds, mammals and
sea creatures appear alongside witty contemporary works such as Larry Beck' s version of a Yup' ik
mask made of rubber tire treads and metal tools, and Jim Schoppert' s "Walrus Loves Baby Clams"
mask. Recently-made ivory carvings challenge the common distinction between so-called "authentic
fine art" and commodity( a distinction which may be passe in the academic world, but which
still holds strong among much of the general public).
Options:
1) articles, patterns, specimens, demonstrations
2) override, overwhelm, overturn, overlook
3) intentionally, inevitably, inadvertently, favourably
4) statutes, totems, images, sculptures
5) present, flourish, appear, scatter
6) insists, notes, holds, heaves
152. Student-run Restaurant (Prediction)

The rest of Taylor's restaurant is student-run. Students in quantity food production and service
management classes make the articulate and detailed dishes. "We teach students to understand
where a product comes from and to respect that product," Garmy said. Skeptics might doubt
the quality of a student-run restaurant, but one visit to Taylor's will immediately change their outlook.
Dishes such as orecchiette and butternut squash, pappardelle with duck and bistro chicken will please
any appetite while imparting the need to return for a second taste. Students are taught to use ratios
and proportions rather than recipes when creating dishes. "Understanding ratios and proportions when
creating dishes instead of recipes makes students think and actually teaches them how to cook,
rather than just reading a recipe and not learning from it," Garmy said. Garmy said he believes in using
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all aspects of a product, which Taylor's menu reflects.
Options:
1) tradition, classes, correctness, comprehension
2) expenditure, expectation, quality, plenty
3) repel, boil, return, brew
4) surprisingly, grudgingly, actually, unexpectedly
5) appetite, cuisine, menu, utensil
153. Dictatorship (Prediction)

Dictatorship is not a modern concept. Two thousand years ago, during the period of the Roman
Republic, exceptional powers were sometimes given by the Senate to individual dictators such as Sulla
and Julius Caesar. The intention was that the dictatorship would be temporary and that it would make
it possible to take swift and effective action to deal with an emergency. There is
some disagreement as how the term should be applied today. Should it be used in its original form to
describe the temporary exercise of emergency powers? Or can it now be applied in a much broader
sense as common usage suggests?
Options:
1) exclusive, individual, inclusive, special
2) significance, intention, effort, meaning
3) patient, urgent, immediate, possible
4) agreement, treatment, treaty, disagreement
5) applied, corresponded, avoided, responded
154. Emerald (Prediction)

Emerald is defined by its green color. To be an emerald, a specimen must have a distinctly green color
that falls in the range from bluish green to green to slightly yellowish green. To be an emerald, the
specimen must also have a rich color. Stones with weak saturation or light tone should be called
"green beryl." If the beryl's color is greenish blue then it is an "aquamarine." If it is greenish yellow it is
"heliodor." This color definition is a source of confusion. Which hue, tone, and saturation combinations
are the dividing lines between "green beryl" and "emerald"? Professionals in the gem and jewelry trade
can disagree on where the lines should be drawn . Some believe that the name "emerald" should be
used when chromium is the cause of the green color, and that stones colored by vanadium should be
called "green beryl." Calling a gem an "emerald" instead of a "green beryl" can have a
significant impact upon its price and marketability. This "color confusion " exists within the United
States. In some other countries, any beryl with a green color - no matter how faint - is called an
"emerald."
Options:
1) usually, succinctly, distinctly, undoubtedly
2) Since, That, Although, If
3) exemplification, connotation, meaning, definition
4) kept, let, drawn, taken
5) result, error, impact, change
6) expression, fusion, condition, confusion
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155. Zika (Prediction)

Zika is more pernicious than public health officials anticipated. At present, it is circulating in more than
50 countries. And as of mid-May, seven countries or territories have reported cases of microcephaly
or other serious birth defects linked to the virus, which is transmitted by mosquito bite, blood
transfusion or sexual contact with an infected human. It can also be passed from mother to fetus
during pregnancy. Despite Zika's vast range over almost 70 years, there is little genetic difference
among the various strains, according to an analysis by researchers at the University of Texas Medical
Branch at Galveston. For example, the strain currently in the Americas and another previously
detected in French Polynesia are practically indistinguishable from each other (group in white box). If
the virus has changed so little over time, why is it rearing its ugly head now? Scientists are not sure
yet, but new experimental work in mosquitoes suggests that the virus was capable
of causing detrimental health effects and outbreaks all along. Therefore, it is unlikely mutations
enabled new abilities. Instead, public health officials probably did not understand Zika's potential
because the virus circulated mostly in remote locations until recently.
Options:
1) infected, behold, confined, transmitted
2) range, extent, series, volume
3) identical, indistinguishable, odd, different
4) shaping, presshing, causing, doing
5) is circulated, circulate, are circulated, circulated
156. Ironbridge Gorge (Prediction)

The Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage property covers an area of 5.5 km² (550ha) and is located in
Telford, Shropshire, approximately 50km north-west of Birmingham. The Industrial Revolution had its
18th century roots in the Ironbridge Gorge before spreading across the world, bringing with it some of
the most far-reaching changes in human history. The site incorporates a 5km length of the steep-
sided, mineral-rich Severn Valley from a point immediately west of Ironbridge downstream to Coalport,
together with two smaller river valleys extending northwards to Coalbrookdale and Madeley. The
Ironbridge Gorge offers a powerful insight into the origins of the Industrial Revolution and also contains
extensive remains of that period when the area was the focus of international attention from artists,
engineers, and writers. The site contains substantial remains of mines, foundries, factories, workshops,
warehouses, ironmasters' and workers' housing, public buildings, infrastructure, and transport systems,
together with traditional landscape and forests of the Severn Gorge. In addition, there also
remain extensive collections of artifacts and archives relating to the individuals, processes, and
products that made the area so important.
Options:
1) overturned the fascinating image, have its modern impression, had its 18th century roots, came
to an abrupt halt
2) fuses a 5km width of, incorporates a 5km length of, expands a lot of, adds a finishing touch to
3) gives a useful understanding, afford some information, allows a good understanding, offers a
powerful insight
4) conventional woods and stuff, outdated roadside scenery, traditional landscape and forests,
old-fashioned countryside
5) big crowds, large communities, extensive collections, customized groups
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157. Divorce in Australia (Prediction)

In 2005, 109,000 new marriages were registered in Australia. This was equivalent to 5.4 marriages for
every 1,000 people in the population. This rate has been in an overall drop since 1986 when there were
7.2 marriages per 1,000 people. Over the same period, the crude divorce rate has remained relatively
unchanged with 2.6 divorces for every 1,000 people in 2005 and 2.5 divorces per 1,000 people in 1986.
The greatest annual number of divorces occurred in 2001 when there were 55,300 divorces recorded.
This peak has been followed by recent declines , with 52,400 divorces in 2005. As well as marrying
less, Australians are tending to marry later than in the past. In 1986, the median age at first marriage
for men was 25.6 years, increasing to 30.0 years in 2005. For women, the median age at first marriage
increased from 23.5 years in 1986 to 28.0 years in 2005.
Options:
1) rise, drop, multiplication, link
2) crude, moderate, singular, sporadic
3) greatest, minimal, excessive, counterfeit
4) manifestations, declines, incidences, perceptions
5) unlikely, tending, yet, pretending
158. Lumière Brothers (Prediction)

Our sense of cinema as a site of commercial entertainment can be traced back to the Lumière
brothers. In December 1895 they attracted a fee-paying public in Paris to sit and watch flickering
images on an illuminated screen. The commercial Pandora's Box they opened was to blossom in a few
years into a world cinema industry and, at its peak, the fantastical Hollywood. Yet in the 30 years in
which this miraculous construction was accomplished, audiences rarely had to listen to films, only
watch them. Hence , the early decades of cinema were characterised by the title 'silent'. In fact ,
there was a lot of noise, machinery, audiences, musicians and commentators. Even so, the absence of
the human voice and dialogue make the films seem rather strange when viewed by a modern
audience.
Options:
1) attracted, claimed, summoned, incited
2) increase, bear, stage, blossom
3) industry, business, undertaking, venture
4) had to listen, listened, have listened, listen
5) Hence, However, Though, Moreover
6) In addition, Even though, In fact, If ever
7) discussion, information, dialogue, argument
159. DNA (Prediction)

DNA is a molecule that does two things. First, it acts as the hereditary material, which is passed down
from generation to generation. Second, it directs, to a considerable extent, the construction of our
bodies, telling our cells what kinds of molecules to make and guiding our development from a single-
celled zygote to a fully formed adult. These two things are of course connected . The DNA sequences
that construct the best bodies are more likely to get passed down to the next generation because
well-constructed bodies are more likely to survive and thus to reproduce. This is Darwin's theory of
natural selection stated in the language of DNA.
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Options:
1) functional, hereditary, nutritional, metabolic
2) establishing, guiding, pushing, determining
3) supplanted, connected, paralleled, dismissed
4) thus, yet, so, nevertheless
160. Language Deficit (Prediction)

This is a challenging time for UK students, and we should be making their transition from university to
the globalized world easier, not harder. The British Academy has voiced its concern over the growing
language deficit for some years, and the gloomy statistics speak for themselves. We
need decisive action if we are remedying this worsening situation. The roots of the problem lie within
schools, but Vice-Chancellors have the power to drive change and help their students recognize the
importance of learning languages, and about the countries where they are spoken and the cultures
they sustain. We urge them to act and protect this country's long term economic, social and cultural
standing.
Options:
1) opinion, concern, criticism, expectation
2) inclusive, decisive, perfunctory, exclusive
3) roots, scourges, links, grounds
4) suppress, appeal, persuade, urge
161. Chemistry (Prediction)

Chemistry is an extremely important topic in physiology. Most physiological processes occur as
the result of chemical changes that occur within the body. These changes include the influx/efflux of
ions across a neuron's membrane, causing a signal to pass from one end to the other. Other examples
include the storage of oxygen in the blood by a protein as it passes through the lungs
for usage throughout the body.
Options:
1) result, rule, background, cause
2) circuit, change, shortcut, signal
3) dissolution, creation, storage, consumption
4) share, coverage, transmission, usage
162. Nutrition Scientists (Prediction)

Since nutrition scientists are constantly making new discoveries, we need to revise
our recommendations for healthy eating from time to time. However, nutrition is an art as well as
a science . It's an art because it requires creativity to develop a healthy eating plan for people who
differ in their food preferences, beliefs and culture, let alone in their nutritional needs according to
their genes and life stage. As we discover more about how our genes and our environment interact ,
it's becoming increasingly difficult to provide a single set of dietary recommendations that will
be suitable for everyone.
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Options:
1) recommendations, purposes, criticism, comments
2) technology, science, topic, philosiphy
3) collaborate, intermingle, interact, disrupt
4) convenient, cheap, accessible, suitable
163. Bees (Prediction)

Bees need two different kinds of food. One is honey made from nectar, which actually is a fluid that is
collected in the heart of the flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals. The other
comes from pollen, a fine powdery substance in yellow, consisting of microscopic
grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone. It contains a male gamete that
can fertilize the female ovule, which is transported by wind, insects or other animals.
Options:
1) encourage, dwindle, discourage, infer
2) discharged, retained, saved, reserved
3) collected, transported, delivered, transformed
164. Human Remains (Prediction)

In 1959, the partial skeletal remains of an ancient woman estimated to be 10,000 years old were
unearthed in Arlington Springs on Santa Rosa Island, one of the eight Channel Islands off the southern
California coast. They were discovered by Phil C. Orr, curator of anthropology and natural history at
the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. The remains of the so-called Arlington Springs woman
were recently reanalyzed by the latest radiocarbon dating techniques and were found to be
approximately 13,000 years old. The new date makes her remains older than any other known human
skeleton found so far in North America. The discovery challenges the popular belief that the first
colonists to North America arrived at the end of the last ice age about 11,500 years ago by crossing a
Bering land bridge that connected Siberia to Alaska and northwestern Canada. The earlier date and
the location of the woman's remains on the island adds weight to an alternative theory that some early
settlers may have constructed boats and migrated from Asia by sailing down the Pacific coast.
Options:
1) latest, formal, new, last
2) so far, until recently, by far, just now
3) challenges, district, distinction, defies
4) crossing, constructing, inventing, overriding
165. Granular Material (Prediction)

Part of the fun of experimenting with granular materials, says Stephen W. Morris, is the showmanship.
In one stunt that he has demonstrated in settings ranging from high school classrooms to television
studios, the University of Toronto physicist loads clear plastic tubes with white table salt and black
sand and starts them rotating. What transpires in the tubes usually knocks the socks off of
any unsuspecting bystander. Instead of mixing into a drab gray sameness, the sand particles slowly
separate into crisp black bands cutting across a long, narrow field of salt. As the spinning continues,
some bands disappear and new ones arise. "It's a parlor trick," Morris says. Not to deny its
entertainment value, this demonstration of how strangely granular materials can behave is also
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an authentic experiment in a field both rich in fundamental physics and major practical consequences.
Yet granular mixing today remains more of an art than a science , says chemical engineer Fernando
J.
Options:
1) psychologist, physicist, pharmacists, physicians
2) uncomfortable, unsuspecting, representing, suspecting
3) theory, demonstration, exhibition, notion
4) traditional, authentic, acoustic, fake
5) tradition, science, hobby, computation
166. Questionnaire (Prediction)

The How I Feel About My School questionnaire, designed by experts at the University of Exeter
Medical School, is available to download for free. It uses emoticon-style faces with options of happy,
ok or sad. It asks children to rate how they feel in seven situations including on the way to school, in
the classroom and in the playground. It is designed to help teachers and others to communicate with
very young children on complex emotions. The project was supported by the National Institute for
Health Research Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula ( NIHR
PenCLAHRC). Professor Tamsin Ford, Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University
of Exeter Medical School, led the design, involving children to give feedback on which style of
questionnaire they could relate to best. She said: "When we're carrying out research in schools, it can
be really hard to meaningfully assess how very young children are feeling. We couldn't find anything
that could provide what we needed, so we decided to create something."
Options:
1) portable, legal, approachable, available
2) transmits, uses, symbols, tells
3) noticed, designed, influenced, consigned
4) satisfy, communicate, calm, bargain
5) led, received, investigated, knew
6) deducing, making, carrying, setting
167. Romans (Prediction)

Over many centuries and across many territories the Romans were able to win an astonishing number
of military victories and their success was due to several important factors. Italy was a peninsula not
easily attacked. There was a huge pool of fighting men to draw upon, a disciplined and innovative
army, a centralized command and line of supply, expert engineers, effective diplomacy through a
network of allies, and an inclusive approach to conquer people，which allowed for strengthening and
broadening of the Roman power and logistical bases. Further , her allies not only supplied, equipped
and paid for additional men but they also supplied vital materials such as grain and ships. On top of
all this, Rome was more or less in a continuous state of war or readiness for it and believed absolutely
in the necessity of defending and imposing on others what she firmly believed was her cultural
superiority.
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Options:
1) There has, There was, There is, Here has
2) through, despite, about, above
3) Further, Recent, Because, So
4) According to, Instead of, On top of all, At the thought of
168. Cardona Salt Mountain (Prediction)

Formed two million years ago when low-density salt was pushed up through the much harder materials
surrounding it, the Cardona Salt Mountain is one of the largest domes of its kind in the world, and
unique in Europe. While small amounts of other minerals pervade the savory hill, the salt pile would
have a near translucent quality if not for the thin layer of reddish clay coating the exterior.
The significance of the mountain was recognized as early as the middle ages when Romans began
exploiting the mountain for its salt, which began to bolster the young Cardonian economy . With the
invention of industrial mining techniques, a mine was built into the side of the mountain and a thriving
facility formed at its base as excavators dragged enormous amounts of potash (water-soluble) salt
from the innards of the hill. In addition to the mineral export, the locals of Cardona began making salt
sculptures to sell and invented a number of hard, salty pastries unique to the area.
Options:
1) would have, have had, has, is having
2) translucent, evanescent, opaque, iridescent
3) performance, significance, vibration, maintenance
4) correspondence, economy, accordance, trend
5) Contrary to, In addition to, Because of, In spite of
169. Opportunity Cost (Prediction)

Opportunity cost incorporates the notion of scarcity: No matter what we do, there is always a trade-
off. We must trade off one thing for another because resources are limited and can be used in
different ways. By acquiring something , we use up resources that could have been used to acquire
something else. The notion of opportunity cost allows us to measure this tradeoff. Most
decisions involve several alternatives. For example, if you spend an hour studying for an economics
exam, you have one fewer hour to pursue other activities. To determine the opportunity cost of an
activity, we look at what you consider the best of these 'other' activities. For example, suppose the
alternatives to studying economics are studying for a history exam or working in a job that pays $10
per hour. If you consider studying for history a better use of your time than working, then the
opportunity cost of studying economics is the four extra points you could have received on a history
exam if you studied history instead of economics. Alternatively, if working is the best alternative, the
opportunity cost of studying economics is the $10 you could have earned instead.
Options:
1) Despite spending nothing, By not acquiring something, By acquiring something, Upon sustaining
anything
2) probability, use, notion, ideal
3) exclude, fragment, involve, validate
4) pursue, host, launch, change
5) reduce, raise, grasp, determine
6) better, worst, best, worse
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170. Tutankhamun (Prediction)

The last tourists may have been leaving the Valley of the Kings on the West Bank in Luxor but the
area in front of the tomb of Tutankhamun remained far from deserted. Instead of the tranquillity that
usually descends on the area in the evening it was a hive of activity. TV crews trailed masses of
equipment, journalists milled and photographers held their cameras at the ready. The reason? For the
first time since Howard Carter discovered the tomb in 1922 the mummy of Tutankhamun was being
prepared for public display. Inside the subterranean burial chamber Egypt's archaeology supremo Zahi
Hawass, accompanied by four Egyptologists, two restorers and three workmen, were slowly lifting the
mummy from the golden sarcophagus where it has been rested -- mostly undisturbed -- for more
than 3,000 years. The body was then placed on a wooden stretcher and transported to its new home,
a high- tech, climate-controlled plexi-glass showcase located in the outer chamber of the tomb
where, covered in linen, with only the face and feet exposed, it now greets visitors.
Options:
1) equality, peace, equivalence, tranquillity
2) showed, founded, discovered, invented
3) accomplished, complimented, accompanied, affected
4) commuted, moved, transported, convey
171. Viper (Prediction)

The horned desert viper's ability to hunt at night has always puzzled biologists. Though it lies with
its head buried in the sand, it can strike with great precision as soon as prey appears. Now, Young and
physicists Leo van Hemmen and Paul Friedel at the Technical University of Munich in Germany have
developed a model of the snake’s auditory system to explain how the snake 'hears' its prey without
really having the ears for it. Although the vipers have internal ears that can hear frequencies between
200 and 1000 hertz, it is not the sound of the mouse scurrying about that they are detecting. 'The
snakes don't have external eardrums ,' says van Hemmen. So unless the mouse wears boots and
starts stamping, the snake won’t hear it.'
Options:
1) hand, head, chest, feet
2) applications, system, appliance, tools
3) eyeballs, eardrums, eyes, ears
172. Seatbelt (Prediction)

I am a cyclist and a motorist. I fasten my seatbelt when I drive and wear a helmet on my bike to
reduce the risk of injury. I am convinced that these are prudent safety measures. I have persuaded
many friends to wear helmets on the grounds that transplant surgeons call those without helmets,
"donors on wheels". But a book on ‘Risk' by my colleague John Adams has made me re-examine my
deeply held convictions . Adams has completely undermined my confidence in these apparently
sensible precautions. What he has persuasively argued, particularly in relation to seat belts, is that the
evidence that they do what they are supposed to do is very suspect. This is in spite of numerous
claims that seat belts save many thousands of lives every year. There is remarkable data on the years
1970 and 1978 countries in which the wearing of seat belts is compulsory have had on average about
5 per cent more road accident deaths following the introduction of the law. In the UK, road deaths
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have decreased steadily from about 7,000 a year in 1972 to just over 4,000 in 1989. There is no
evidence in the trend for any effect of the seat belt law that was introduced in 1983. Moreover, there
is evidence that the number of cyclists and pedestrians killed actually increased by about 10 per cent.
Options:
1) decisions, convictions, minds, obsessions
2) supported, revoked, damaged, undermined
3) front of, spite of, contrast with, accordance with
4) introduced, approved, accepted, compulsory
173. Military Advance (Prediction)

With the advances of military, the demand of armed force is decreasing... // ... opened more position
to women, including ... in military, provided they work behind the front line of war.
Options:
1) closed, introduced, changed, opened
2) containing, excluding, including, involving
3) offered, introduced, provided, supplied
174. Hairstyles (Prediction)

With their punk hairstyles and bright colors, marmosets and tamarins are among the most attractive
primates on earth. These fast-moving, lightweight animals live in the rainforests of South America.
Their small size makes it easy for them to dart about the trees, catching insects and small animals
such as lizards, frogs, and snails. Marmosets have another unusual food source - they use their
chisel-like incisor teeth to dig into tree bark and lap up the gummy sap that seeps out, leaving telltale,
oval-shaped holes in the branches when they have finished. But as vast tracts of rainforest are
cleared for plantations and cattle ranches marmosets and tamarins are in serious danger of
extinction.
Options:
1) brings, makes, takes, claims
2) originality, provenience, source, origin
3) jaw, skin, bark, wrinkle
4) swell, ramp, holes, bump
5) grasses, branches, trees, roots
6) fatal, endangered, safe, danger
175. Corn People (Prediction)

Descendants of the Maya living in Mexico still sometimes refer to themselves as “the corn people.”
The phrase is not intended as metaphor. Rather, it’s meant to acknowledge their abiding dependence
on this miraculous grass, the staple of their diet for almost 9,000 years. Forty percent of the calories a
Mexican eats in a day comes directly from corn, most of it in the form of tortillas. So when a Mexican
says I am maize or corn walking, it is simply a statement of fact: The very substance of the Mexicans
body is to a considerable extent a manifestation of this plant.
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Options:
1) remember, renown, acknowledge, knowledge
2) staple, fix, range, variety
3) manifestation, display, show, exhibition
176. Questions (Prediction)

You have about 30 minutes to answer each question. You must take account of how many marks
are available for each part when you answer it. Even if you think you can write more, don't spend 15
minutes answering a part worth only 5 marks. Leave space at the end of your answer and come back
to it if you have time to spare later. And if you can't think of an answer to some part, leave a space
and move on to the next part. Don't write about something else if you don't know the correct answer
— this is just a waste of your valuable time (and the examiner's).
Options:
1) reasonable, rational, possible, available
2) scoring, marking, answering, ignoring
3) life, space, time, mind
4) accountable, valuable, useful, beneficial
177. Water Security (Prediction)

Equally critical is the challenge of water security. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has pointed
out that about one- third of the world's population lives in countries with moderate to high water
stress, with a disproportionate impact on the poor. With current projected global population growth,
the task of providing water for human sustenance will become increasingly difficult. And increasing
competition over this scarce but vital resource may fuel instability and conflict within states as well as
between states. The UN is doing a great deal in both areas to proactively foster collaboration among
Member States. UNEP has long been actively addressing the water issue together with partner
UN agencies and other organizations. Looking ahead, the UN can do more to build synergies of
technology, policy and capacity in this field. In this regard , events like the annual World Water Week
in Stockholm come to the forefront of the public mind when talking about championing water issues.
Options:
1) singular, equal, disproportionate, improper
2) sustainability, living, maintenance, sustenance
3) conflict, collaboration, association, merging
4) agencies, cooperates, partners, companies
5) regard, speculation, consideration, level
178. Fingerprints (Prediction)

Fingerprints can prove that a suspect was actually at the scene of a crime. As long as a human
entered a crime scene, there will be traces of DNA. DNA can help the police to identify an individual to
crack a case. An institute in London can help reserve DNA and be used to match with
the samples taken from the crime scenes.
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Options:
1) present, prove, show, illustrate
2) know, figure, realise, identify
3) reserve, install, protect, save
4) specimen, results, samples, data
179. Jury (Prediction)

Serving on a jury is normally compulsory for individuals who are qualified for jury service. A jury
is intended to be an impartial panel capable of reaching a verdict. There are often procedures and
requirements, including a fluent understanding of the language and the opportunity to test juror’s
neutrality or otherwise exclude jurors who are perceived as likely to be less than neutral or partial to
one side.
Options:
1) equalled, qualified, able, capable
2) intended, failed, used, likely
3) procedures, processes, necessities, steps
4) neutral, natural, central, supportive
180. Legal Deposit (Prediction)

Legal deposit has existed in English law since 1662. It helps to ensure that the nation’s published
output (and thereby its intellectual record and future published heritage) is collected systematically,
to preserve the material for the use of future generations and to make it available for readers within
the designated legal deposit libraries. The legal deposit system also has benefits for authors and
publishers: Deposited publications are made available to users of the deposit libraries on their
premises, are preserved for the benefit of future generations, and become part of the nation’s
heritage. Publications are recorded in the online catalogues, and become an
essential research resource for generations to come.
Options:
1) considerate, historical, intellectual, understandable
2) preserve, remain, protect, maintain
3) readers, judges, people, lawyers
4) meanings, usages, advantages, benefits
5) spoken, written, presented, recorded
6) statutory, research, academic, data
181. Herbal (Prediction)

A herbal is a book of plants, describing their appearance, their properties and how they may be used
for preparing ointments and medicines. The medical use of plants is recorded on fragments of papyrus
and clay tablets from ancient Egypt, Samaria and China that date back 5,000 years but document
traditions far older still. Over 700 herbal remedies were detailed in the Papyrus Ebers, an Egyptian text
written in 1500 BC. Around 65 BC, a Greek physician called Dioscorides wrote a herbal that
was translated into Latin and Arabic. Known as ‘De materia medica’, it became the most influential
work on medicinal plants in both Christian and Islamic worlds until the late 17th century. An illustrated
manuscript copy of the text made in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) survives from the sixth
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century. The first printed herbals date from the dawn of European printing in the 1480s. They provided
valuable information for apothecaries, whose job it was to make the pills and potions prescribed by
physicians. In the next century, landmark herbals were produced in England by William Turner,
considered to be the father of British botany, and John Gerard, whose illustrations would inspire the
floral fabric, wallpaper and tile designs of William Morris four centuries later.
Options:
1) registered, recorded, memorised, kept
2) moved, interpreted, translated, removed
3) leaves, duplicates, suffers, survives
4) instructed, pointed, prescribed, determined
5) simulate, wake, inspire, stipulate
182. Fluid Behavior (Prediction)

If you see a movie, or a TV advertisement, that involves a fluid behaving in an unusual way, it was
probably made using technology based on the work of a Monash researcher. Professor Joseph
Monaghan who pioneered an influential method for interpreting the behavior of liquids that underlies
most special effects involving water has been honored with election to the Australian Academy of
Sciences. Professor Monaghan, one of only 17 members elected in 2011, was recognized for
developing the method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) which has applications in the fields
of astrophysics, engineering and physiology, as well as movie special effects. His research started in
1977 when he tried to use computer simulation to describe the formation of stars and stellar systems.
The algorithms available at the time were incapable of describing the complicated systems that evolve
out of chaotic clouds of gas in the galaxy. Professor Monaghan, and his colleague Bob Gingold, took
the novel and effective approach of replacing the fluid or gas in the simulation with large numbers of
particles with properties that mimicked those of the fluid. SPH has become a central tool in
astrophysics, where it is currently used to simulate the evolution of the universe after the Big Bang,
the formation of stars, and the processes of planet building.
Options:
1) pioneered, proceed, opened, disclose
2) gifted, credited, presented, honored
3) platform, method, system, medium
4) action, stimulation, equation, simulation
5) impossible, incapable, capable, inapplicable
6) presented, showed, liked, mimicked
183. Sales Jobs (Prediction)

Sales jobs allow for a great deal of discretionary time and effort on the part of the sales
representatives - especially when compared with managerial, manufacturing, and service jobs. Most
sales representatives work independently and outside the immediate presence of their sales managers.
Therefore, some form of goals needs to be in place to help motivate and guide their performance.
Sales personnel are not the only professionals with performance goals or quotas. Health care
professionals operating in clinics have daily, weekly, and monthly goals in terms of patient visits.
Service personnel are assigned a number of service calls they must perform during a set time period.
Production workers in manufacturing have output goals. So, why are achieving sales goals or quotas
such a big deal? The answer to this question can be found by examining how a firm's other
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departments are affected by how well the company's salespeople achieve their performance goals.
The success of the business hinges on the successful sales of its products and services. Consider all
the planning, the financial, production and marketing efforts that go into producing what the sales
force sells. Everyone depends on the sales force to sell the company's products and services and they
eagerly anticipate knowing things are going.
Options:
1) helping confuse and mislead, help motivate and guide, help motivating and guiding, help confuse
and mislead
2) have displayed, must perform, are reforming, can take
3) leads to, hinges on, contributes to, results in
4) producing what, consuming as, protecting that, purchasing which
184. Trip (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：It's a (trip) to Germany not for leisure but for Germany exchange. This is the worst flight
I have ever been on ...in my life, I have (before)... We were originally from Amsterdam, I arrived half an
hour later than the due time when that plane took off, but our plane was late, we took another plane
and flew somewhere, and the result was still wrong, landed at another airport, a few one a hundred
kilometers away from my destination. We could only wait for the next (connecting) flight to continue
the journey, for which I had waited for (another) one and half hour. No wonder we all hoped to go
home straight away.
185. Business Emission (Prediction)

There is a need to disclose business emission. The data of emission can be used to test which
company causes climate change ...... the government campaigners and environmental
Options:
1) disclose, discontinue, disable, dismiss
2) damage, result, influence, data
3) pioneer, campaigners, rivals, champions
4) inventors, invigilators, obligators, campaigners
186. EE and AVG (Prediction)

Currently, there is concern about the increasing amount of time children spend in sedentary activities,
the number of children who fail to achieve minimum daily physical activity guidelines (i.e. 60 min of
moderate-to vigorous intensity activities every day), and the apparent increase in obesity prevalence
as a result of such sedentary behavior . Screen-based activities, including television viewing and
playing computer games are among the most frequently observed sedentary activities that children
partake with children spending 2.5–4 h per day participating in such activities. The introduction of
“active video games” (AVGs) into the gaming market presents an opportunity to convert traditional,
sedentary screen-time in to active screen-time and thus increase total daily energy expenditure (EE).
Modern AVGs utilize cameras and motion sensors to allow the gamer to physically perform a variety of
actions, dependent on the console, such as swinging a tennis racquet or running. The most
demanding AVGs provided similar responses to walking and, based on international standards, should
be classified as low-intensity activities. Whilst AVGs may provide children with a better alternative to
sedentary gaming, they are not a sufficient replacement for normal physical activity, e.g. sports and
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outdoor play.
Options:
1) maximum, mini, minimum, enough
2) connectivity, position, behavior, stuff
3) agreed, remaining, dependent, shaped
4) consumption, employment, replacement, engagement
187. Anesthetics (Prediction)

Before effective anaesthetics, surgery was very crude and very painful. Before 1800, alcohol and
opium had little success in easing pain during operations. Laughing gas was used in 1844 in dentistry
in the USA, but failed to ease all pain and patients remained conscious. Ether (used from 1846) made
patients totally unconscious and lasted a long time. However, it could make patients cough during
operations and sick afterwards. It was highly flammable and was transported in heavy glass bottles.
Chloroform (used from 1847) was very effective with few side effects. However, it was difficult to get
the dose right and could kill some people because of the effect on their heart. An inhaler helped to
regulate the dosage.
Options:
1) little, title, much, great
2) contained, retained, remained, released
3) has transported, was transported, transported, have transported
4) rather than, because of, but, due
188. Canadian Arctic (Prediction)

This summer, 41 UBC alumni and friends participated in expeditions to the Canadian Arctic and the
legendary Northwest Passage. Presentations, conversations and learning accompanied their
exploration of the great outdoors aboard the Russian-flagged Akademik Ioffe, designed and built in
Finland as a scientific research vessel in 1989. Her bridge was open to passengers virtually 24 hours a
day. Experts on board presented on topics including climate change, wildlife, Inuit culture and history,
and early European explorers. UBC professor Michael Byers presented on the issue of Arctic
sovereignty, a growing cause of debate as ice melts, new shipping routes open, and natural
resources become accessible. Recommended pre-trip reading was late UBC alumnus Pierre Bertons
book, The Arctic Grail.
Options:
1) outdoors, indoors, outside, inside
2) board, broad, list, aboard
3) slight, growing, disappearing, tiny
4) cease, turn, become, come
189. Happy (Prediction)

Want to know what will make you happy? Then ask a total stranger — or so says a new study from
Harvard University, which shows that another person’s experience is often more informative than your
own best guess. The study, which appears in the current issue of Science, was led by Daniel Gilbert,
professor of psychology at Harvard and author of the 2007 bestseller “Stumbling on Happiness,” along
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with Matthew Killingsworth and Rebecca Eyre, also of Harvard, and Timothy Wilson of the University of
Virginia. “If you want to know how much you will enjoy an experience, you are better off knowing how
much someone else enjoyed it than knowing anything about the experience itself,” says Gilbert.
“Rather than closing our eyes and imagining the future, we should examine the experience of those
who have been there. Previous research in psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics has
shown that people have difficulty predicting what they will like and how much they will like it,
which leads them to make a wide variety of poor decisions. Interventions aimed at improving the
accuracy with which people imagine future events have been generally unsuccessful.
Options:
1) predictable, informative, positive, informal
2) imagining, approaching, imitating, staging
3) has shown, have shown, showing, shown
4) leads, forces, compels, requires
5) improving, reducing, implying, controlling
190. Jack Lewis (Prediction)

C. S. Lewis, or Jack Lewis, as he preferred to be called, was born in Belfast, Ireland (now Northern
Ireland) on November 29, 1898. He was the second son of Albert Lewis, a lawyer, and Flora Hamilton
Lewis. His older brother, Warren Hamilton Lewis, who was known as Warnie, had been born three
years earlier in 1895. Lewis's early childhood was relatively happy and carefree. In those days Northern
Ireland was not yet plagued by bitter civil strife, and the Lewises were comfortably off. The family
home, called Little Lea, was a large, gabled house with dark, narrow passages and an overgrown
garden, which Warnie and Jack played in and explored together. There was also a library that was
crammed with books - two of Jack's favorites were Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson and
The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett. This somewhat idyllic boyhood came to an end for
Lewis when his mother became ill and died of cancer in 1908. Barely a month after her death the two
boys were sent away from home to go to boarding school in England. Lewis hated the school, with its
strict rules and hard, unsympathetic headmaster, and he missed Belfast terribly. Fortunately for him,
the school closed in 1910, and he was able to return to Ireland. After a year, however, he was sent
back to England to study. This time, the experience proved to be mostly positive. As a teenager, Lewis
learned to love poetry, especially the works of Virgil and Homer. He also developed an interest in
modern languages, mastering French, German, and Italian.
Options:
1) early, earlier, older, later
2) experienced, happened, survived, plagued
3) studied, quarreled, explored, implored
4) systematic, unsympathetic, professional, synchronized
5) experiment, experience, problem, mystery
6) forsook, developed, engaged, misled
191. Shakespeare (Prediction)

For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with regards to
personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the Bard: his works, and
various legal and church documents that have survived from Elizabethan times. Naturally, there are
many gaps in this body of information, which tells us little about Shakespeare the man.
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Options:
1) curious, serious, ridiculous, mysterious
2) types, resources, sources, forms
3) college, university, private, church
4) grabs, achievements, gaps, merits
192. Bookcase (Prediction)

None of the books in my father’s dusty old bookcase were forbidden .Yet while I was growing up, I
never saw anyone take one down. Most were massive tomes – a comprehensive history of civilization,
matching volumes of the great works of western literature, numerous others I can no longer recall –
that seemed almost fused to shelves that bowed slightly from decades of steadfast support?
Options:
1) meaningful, forbidden, forgotten, useful
2) massive, small, marvel, tiny
3) call, retell, recall, see
4) publish, read, shelves, write
5) steadfast, internal, loose, further
193. Business Schools (Prediction)

In an attempt to lure new students, leading business schools — including Harvard, Stanford, the
University of Chicago and Wharton – have moved away from the unofficial admissions prerequisite of
four years’ work experience and instead have set their sights on recent college graduates and so-
called ‘early career professionals with only a couple years of work under the belt .
Options:
1) punish, teach, encourage, lure
2) offer, exclusion, prepare, prerequisite
3) rather than, instead, hardly, no longer
4) professionals, winners, leaders, teachers
5) bell, belt, management, protect
194. Folklore (Prediction)

Folklore, a modern term for the body of traditional customs, superstitions, stories, dances, and songs
that have been adopted and maintained within a given community by processes of repetition not
reliant on the written word. Along with folk songs and folktales, this broad category of cultural forms
embraces all kinds of legends, riddles, jokes, proverbs, games, charms, omens, spells, and rituals,
especially those of pre-literate societies or social classes. Those forms of verbal expression that are
handed on from one generation or locality to the next by word of mouth are said to constitute an
oral tradition .
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Options:
1) activity, achievement, symbol, body
2) family, community, organization, immunity
3) experience, category, experiment, use
4) development, transmission, word, transition
5) tone, condition, prediction, tradition
195. Painting Movement (Prediction)

Movement in painting that originated in France in the 1860s and had enormous influence in European
and North American painting in the late 19th century. The Impressionists wanted to depict real life, to
paint straight from nature, and to capture the changing effects of light. The term was first used
abusively to describe Claude Monet's painting Impression: Sunrise (1872). The other leading
Impressionists included Paul Camile, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste
Renoir, and Alfred Sisley, but only Monet remained devoted to Impressionist ideas throughout his
career. The core of the Impressionist group was formed in the early 1860s by Monet, Renoir, and
Sisley, who met as students and enjoyed painting in the open air - one of the hallmarks of
Impressionism. They met other members of the Impressionist circle through Paris café society. They
never made up a formal group, but they organized eight group exhibitions between 1874 and 1886, at
the first of which the name Impressionism was applied. Their styles were diverse, but
all experimented with effects of light and movement created with distinct brush strokes
and fragments of color dabbed side-by-side on the canvas rather than mixed on the palette. By the
1880s the movement's central impulse had dispersed, and a number of new styles were emerging, later
described as post-impressionism. British Impressionism had a major influence on the more
experimental and progressive British painters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of the
painters were affected in the circle of Walter Sickert, who spent much of his career in France and was
an influential figure who inspired many younger artists. His friend and exact contemporary Philip Wilson
Steer is generally regarded as the most outstanding British Impressionist.
Options:
1) originated, initiated, oriented, appretiated
2) deepen, depict, simplify, contrary
3) describe, descent, satirize, transcribe
4) experimented, supplemented, experienced, examined
5) frige, fragile, combination, fragments
6) progressive, stubborn, predicable, promoted
196. Wolves and Willow (Prediction)

The two researchers showed that reintroducing the wolves was correlated with increased growth of
willow and cottonwood in the park. Why? Because grazing animals such as elk were avoiding sites from
which they couldn't easily escape ,the scientists claimed .And as the woody plants and trees grew
taller and thicker, beaver colonies expanded .
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Options:
1) reinforcing, reforming, retrofitting, reintroducing
2) concentrated, correlated, corrosive, collected
3) high, reduced, increased, sharped
4) seeing, watching, playing, grazing
5) hiding, picking, avoiding, presenting
6) match, run, escape, touch
7) shouted, published, spoke, claimed
8) expansion, expanding, expanded, expending
197. Lauder (Prediction)

Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she always thought she
"was growing a nice little business." And that it is. A little business that controls 45% of the cosmetics
market in U.S. department stores. A little business that sells in 118 countries and last year grew to be
$3.6 billion big in sales. The Lauder family's shares are worth more than $6 billion. But early on, there
wasn't a burgeoning business, there weren't houses in New York, Palm Beach, Fla., or the south of
France. It is said that at one point there was one person to answer the telephones who changed her
voice to become the shipping or billing department as needed. You more or less know the Estée
Lauder story because it's a chapter from the book of American business folklore. In short, Josephine
Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived above her father's hardware store in Corona, a section
of Queens in New York City. She started her enterprise by selling skin creams concocted by her uncle,
a chemist, in beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts. No doubt the portions were good — Estée
Lauder was a quality fanatic — but the saleslady was better. Much better. And she simply outworked
everyone else in the cosmetics industry. She stalked the bosses of New York City department stores
until she got some counter space at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. And once in that space, she utilized a
personal selling approach that proved as potent as the promise of her skin regimens and perfumes.
Options:
1) makes, has, contains, controls
2) changed, heard, influenced, deep
3) family, shop, career, enterprise
4) shacked, stalked, shoved, stroke
5) potent, well, strong, potential
6) layers, tints, colors, regimens
198. Essay (Prediction)

Essays are used as an assessment tool to evaluate your ability to research a topic and construct
an argument ,as well as your understanding of subject content. This does not mean that essays are a
'regurgitation' of everything your lecturer has said throughout the course. Essays are your opportunity
to explore in greater depth aspects of the course - theories, issues, texts, etc. and in some cases
relate these aspects to a particular context. It is your opportunity to articulate your ideas, but in
a certain way: using formal academic style.
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Options:
1) equal, escalate, estimate, evaluate
2) assignment, essay, argument, idea
3) throughout, all, whole, through
4) deep, depth, width, wide
5) assigned, special, interesting, particular
6) same, good, usually, certain
199. Carbon Detox (Prediction)

In his fascinating book Carbon Detox, George Marshall argues that people are not persuaded by
information. Our views are formed by the views of the people with whom we mix. Of the narratives that
might penetrate these circles, we are more likely to listen to those that offer us some reward. A story
that tells us that the world is cooking and that we'll have to make sacrifices for the sake of future
generations is less likely to be accepted than the more rewarding idea that climate change is a
conspiracy hatched by scheming governments and venal scientists, and that strong, independent-
minded people should unite to defend their freedoms. He proposes that instead of arguing for
sacrifice, environmentalists should show where the rewards might lie: that understanding what the
science is saying and planning accordingly is the smart thing to do, which will protect your interests
more effectively than flinging abuse at scientists. We should emphasize the old-fashioned virtues of
uniting in the face of a crisis, of resourcefulness and community action. Projects like the transition
town’s network and proposals for a green new deal tell a story which people are more willing to hear.
Options:
1) fascinating, frustrating, boring, interesting
2) operative, emanative, variative, narratives
3) environmentalists, extremists, activists, protectors
4) eliminate, repeat, create, emphasize
200. David Lynch (Prediction)

David Lynch is professor and head of education at Charles Darwin University. Prior to this he was sub
dean in the Faculty of Education and Creative Arts at Central Queensland University and foundation
head of the University’s Noosa campus .David’s career in education began as a primary school
teacher in Queensland in the early 1980’s and progressed to four principal positions
before entering higher education. David’s research interests predominate in teacher education with
particular interest in building teacher capability to meet a changed world.
Options:
1) After, Prior, Last, Before
2) campus, place, camp, college
3) projected, processed, pronounced, progressed
4) leaving, hiring, entering, having
201. Farms (Prediction)

Both farms were by far the largest, most prosperous, most technologically advanced farms in
their respective districts. In particular, each was centred around a magnificent state-of-the-art barn
for sheltering and milking cows. Those structures, both neatly divided into oppositefacing rows of cow
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stalls, dwarfed all other barns in the district. Both farms let their cows graze outdoors in lush pastures
during the summer, produced their own hay to harvest in the late summer for feeding the cows
through the winter, and increased their production of summer fodder and winter hay by irrigating their
fields.
Options:
1) restrictive, respective, relevant, responsible
2) sheltering, keeping, gathering, hiding
3) gathered, separated, cut, divided
4) eat, move, graze, live
5) sharpened, narrowed, widened, increased
202. Complementary Therapies (Prediction)

Complementary therapies—such as those practiced by naturopaths, chiropractors and acupuncturists
—have become increasingly popular in Australia over the last few decades . Interest initially coincided
with enthusiasm for alternative lifestyles, while immigration and increased contact and trade with China
have also had an influence . The status of complementary therapies is being re-visited in a number of
areas: legal regulation; the stances of doctors' associations; their inclusion in medical education; and
scientific research into their efficacy .
Options:
1) practiced, conducted, expected, recommended
2) hours, decades, moments, records
3) enthusiasm, confidence, interest, occupation
4) earning, idea, indication, influence
5) efficacy, practice, efficiency, experiment
203. Katakana (Prediction)

An eccentric mix of English, German and French has entered Japanese usage with grand abandon. A
"kariya" woman is a career woman, and a "manshon" is an apartment. This increasing use of
katakana, or unique Japanese versions of Western words, and the younger generation's more casual
use of the Japanese language have prompted Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to worry that these
new words may not be understood by a wider audience. As a result , a government panel is proposing
to publish a manual on how to speak proper Japanese. Foreign words became katakana
Japanese because no existing Japanese words could quite capture a specific meaning or feeling.
When the word "cool" traveled east, all of its English connotations did not make the journey. A kuru
person in Japan is someone who is calm and never gets upset. On the other hand , someone who is
kakkoii is hip, or in translation, "cool." Similarly , a hotto person is one who is easily excitable, perhaps
passionate, but not necessarily a popular person or personality of the moment.
Options:
1) approached, prompted, promoted, asked
2) As agreed, As against, As a rule, As a result
3) so, because, thus, while
4) On the other hand, On the contrary, In addition, Moreover
5) Similarly, Fortunately, Clearly, Firmly
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204. Dog (Prediction)

A DOG may be man's best friend. But man is not always a dog's. Over the centuries selective breeding
has pulled at the canine body shape to produce what is often a grotesque distortion of the underlying
wolf. Indeed, some of these distortions are, when found in people, regarded as pathologies .Dog
breeding does, though, offer a chance to those who would like to understand how body shape is
controlled. The ancestry of pedigree pooches is well recorded, their generation time is short and
their litter size reasonably large, so there is plenty of material to work with. Moreover ,breeds are, by
definition, inbred, and this simplifies genetic analysis. Those such as Elaine Ostrander, of America's
National Human Genome Research Institute, who wish to identify the genetic basis of the features of
particular pedigrees thus have an ideal experimental animal.
Options:
1) selected, excessive, selective, excellent
2) epidemics, pathologies, medications, diseases
3) lit, littering, litters, litter
4) Hence, Moreover, So, However
5) representative, reprehensive, general, ideal
205. Space Work (Prediction)

The space work for an astronaut can be inside or outside ,inside they can monitor machines and the
work is carried out alongside the craft. They also need to make sure the Space Travel . Outside the
craft, they can see how the seeds react in the space. Some seeds company send seeds to them
to investigate how seeds change their biological character. When outside the craft, they can set
up experiments or clean up the space rubbish.
Options:
1) external, internal, excel, outside
2) carried, speak, practiced, fixed
3) Station, Travel, Suit, Trip
4) External, Internal, Outside, Excel
5) estimate, inverse, escalate, investigate
6) set aside, set off, set up, set out
206. Wine and Ale (Prediction)

By the Bronze Age drinking vessels were being made of sheet metal, primarily bronze or gold.
However, the peak of feasting – and in particular, of the “political” type of feast came in the late
Hallstatt period (about 600 – 450 BC), soon after the foundation of the Greek colony of Massalia
(Marseille) at the mouth of the Rhine. From that date on, the blood of the grape began to make
its way north and east along major river systems together with imported metal and ceramic drinking
vessels from the Greek world. Wine was thus added to the list of mood- altering beverages – such as
and ale available to establish social networks in Iron Age Europe. Attic pottery fragments found at
hillforts such as Heuneburg in Germany and luxury goods such as the monumental 5th century Greek
bronze krater (or wine mixing vessel) found at Vix in Burgundy supply archaeological evidence of this
interaction. Organic containers such as leather or wooden wine barrels may also have travelled north
into Europe but have not survived. It is unknown what goods were traded in return, but they may have
included salted meat, hides, timber, amber and slaves.
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Options:
1) vehicles, boats, vessels, ships
2) group, jungle, colony, place
3) method, pace, way, direction
4) Wine, Grape, Milk, Food
5) food, market, places, containers
6) exchanged, bought, made, traded
207. Australia Higher Education Funding (Prediction)

Financing of Australian higher education has undergone dramatic change since the early 1970s.
Although the Australian Government provided regular funding for universities from the late 1950s, in
1974 it assumed full responsibility for funding higher education — abolishing tuition fees with the
intention of making university education affordable to all Australians who had the ability and who
wished to participate in higher education. Since the late 1980s, there has been a move towards
greater private contributions, particularly student fees. In 1989, the Australian Government introduced
the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) which included a loans scheme to help students
finance their contributions. This enabled university to remain accessible to students by delaying their
payments until they could afford to pay off their loans. In 2002, the Australian
Government introduced a scheme similar to HECS for postgraduate students - the Postgraduate
Education Loan Scheme (PELS). Funding for higher education comes from various sources. This
article examines the three main sources - Australian Government funding, student fees and charges,
and HECS. While the proportion of total revenue raised through HECS is relatively small, HECS
payments are a significant component of students' university costs, with many students carrying a
HECS debt for several years after leaving university. This article also focuses on characteristics of
university students based on their HECS liability status, and the level of accumulated HECS debt.
Options:
1) change, appeal, exhaustion, plateau
2) assumed, clarified, paid, represented
3) without, specially, with, particularly
4) access, inaccessible, accessibility, accessible
5) produced, carried, remembered, introduced
6) expenses, expenditure, profit, revenue
208. Hard Work (Prediction)

It is important to emphasize the need for hard work as an essential part of studying law, because far
too many students are tempted to think that they can succeed by relying on what they imagine to be
their natural ability, without bothering to add the expenditure of effort. To take an analogy some
people prefer the more or less instant gratification which comes from watching television adaptation of
a classic novel to the rather more laborious process of reading the novel itself. Those
who prefer watching television to reading the book are less likely to study law successfully, unless they
rapidly acquire a taste for text-based materials.
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Options:
1) expenditure, engagement, explanation, employment
2) gratification, excitement, temptation, obsession
3) simple, complex, effortless, laborious
4) prefer, Enjoy, interest, like
5) knowledge, idea, motivation, taste
209. Sales Activities (Prediction)

Organizations need to integrate their sales activities more both internally and with customers' needs
according to a new book co-authored by an academic at the University of East Anglia. The
book addresses how sales can help organizations to become more customer oriented and considers
how they are responding to challenges such as increasing competition, more demanding customers
and a more complex selling environment. Many organizations are facing escalating costs and a growth
in customer power, which makes it necessary to allocate resources more strategically. The sales
function can provide critical customer and market knowledge to help inform both innovation and
marketing. However, the authors say that within the industry there is still uncertainty about the shape
a future sales team should take, how it should be managed, and how it fits into their organizations
business model.
Options:
1) predicts, stipulates, addresses, circumscribes
2) demanding, aggressive, friendly, needy
3) which, this, that, where
4) that, there, which, this
5) applies, segregates, fits, develops
210. Settlement (Prediction)

Over the last ten thousand years there seem to have been two separate and conflicting building
sentiments throughout the history of towns and cities. One is the desire to start again, for a variety of
reasons: an earthquake or a tidal wave may have demolished the settlement, or fire destroyed it, or
the new city marks a new political beginning. The other can be likened to the effect of a magnet:
established settlements attract people, who tend to come whether or not there is any planning for
their arrival. The clash between these two sentiments is evident in every established city unless its
development has been almost completely accidental or is lost in history. Incidentally, many settlements
have been planned from the beginning but, for a variety of reasons, no settlement followed the plan. A
good example is Currowan, on the Clyde River in New South Wales, which was surveyed in the second
half of the 19th century, in expectation that people would come to establish agriculture and a small
port. But no one came.
Options:
1) It, This, One, As
2) highlights, starts, marks, protrudes
3) hesitate, dislike, turn, tend
4) after, until, if, unless
5) were monitored, showed, has shown, was surveyed
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211. Good Schools (Prediction)

A big rise in state schools rated among the best institutions in the country is revealed in the latest
edition of the Good Schools Guide. Middle-class parents facing financial pressures in the downturn are
increasingly looking beyond the private sector to educate their children. The 23 year-old Good Schools
Guide — a popular reference book for fee-paying families set on the best private school — has
increased the number of state schools in this year's edition to 251, pushing the figure to more than a
quarter of its 1 ,000 entries for the first time. Explaining why the guide has more than doubled the
number of schools it features outside the private sector in only five years, Sue Fieldman, regional
editor, told the Financial Times: "The parents we speak to want more information on the
state sector and the best it has to offer. "
Options:
1) period, upturn, downtown, downturn
2) diverse, ubiquitous, complete, popular
3) Demonstrating, Asking, Complaining, Explaining
4) part, branch, division, sector
212. Enough Exercise (Prediction)

One thing is certain. Most people do not get enough exercise in their daily routines. All of the
advances of modern technology — from electric can openers to power steering have made life easier,
more comfortable and much less physically demanding . Yet our bodies need activities, especially if
they are carrying around too much fat. Satisfying this need requires a sustainable plan, and a
commitment. There are two main ways to increase the number of calories you spend: start a regular
exercise program if you do not have one already. Increase the amount of physical activity in your daily
routine.
Options:
1) daily, simple, common, usual
2) vibrational, electronic, synthetic, electric
3) need, demanding, pushing, supplying
4) few, many, much, several
5) opposite, odd, main, fair
213. Teen Writing (Prediction)

Teens write for a variety of reasons—as part of a school assignment, to get a good grade, to stay in
touch with friends, to share their artistic creations with others or simply to put their thoughts to paper
(whether virtual or otherwise). In our focus groups, teens said they are motivated to write when they
can select topics that are relevant to their lives and interests, and report greater enjoyment of school
writing when they have the opportunity to write creatively. Having teachers or other adults who
challenge them, present them with interesting curricula and give them detailed feedback also serves
as a motivator for teens. Teens also report writing for an audience motivates them to write and write
well.
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Options:
1) get, skip, maintain, avoid
2) debate, communicate, use, select
3) meet, educate, present, blame
4) regard, learn, report, provide
214. Natural Capital (Prediction)

Capital has often been thought of narrowly as physical capital — the machines, tools, and equipment
used in the production of other goods, but our wealth and wellbeing also relies on natural capital. If we
forget this, we risk degrading the services that natural ecosystems provide, which support our
economies and sustain our lives. These services include purifying our water, regulating our climate,
reducing flood risk, and pollinating our crops. The Natural Capital Project — a partnership among
WWF, The Nature Conservancy, University of Minnesota and Stanford University — works to provide
decision makers with reliable ways to assess the true value of the services that ecosystems provide.
An essential element of the Natural Capital Project is developing tools that help decision makers
protect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Options:
1) compensates, relies, reduces, spurs
2) reducing, lowering, improving, degrading
3) controlling, diminishing, denying, regulating
4) liable, strong, powerful, reliable
215. Video Conference (Prediction)

Never has the carbon footprint of multi-national corporations been under such intense scrutiny. Inter-
city train journeys and long-haul flights to conduct face-to-face business meetings contribute
significantly to greenhouse gases and the resulting strain on the environment. The Anglo-US company
Teliris has introduced a new video-conferencing technology and partnered with the Carbon Neutral
Company, enabling corporate outfits to become more environmentally responsible. The innovation
allows simulated face-to-face meetings to be held across continents without the time pressure or
environmental burden of international travel. Previous designs have enabled video-conferencing on a
point-to-point, dual-location basis. The firm's VirtuaLive technology, however, can bring people
together from up to five separate locations anywhere in the world - with unrivaled transmission
quality.
Options:
1) create, conduct, produce, generate
2) gases, strain, affect, steam
3) pressure, limit, stress, press
4) separate, each, single, respectively
5) unreasonable, unrealistic, unreliable, unrivaled
216. Medalists (Prediction)

In an often-cited study about counterfactuals, Medvec, Madey, and Gilovich (1995) found that bronze
medalists appeared happier than silver medalists in television coverage of the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Medvec et al. argued that bronze medalists compared themselves to 4th place
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finishers, whereas silver medalists compared themselves to gold medalists. These counterfactuals
were the most salient because they were either qualitatively different (gold vs. silver) or categorically
different (medal vs. no medal) from what actually occurred. Drawing on archival data and experimental
studies, we show that Olympic athletes (among others) are more likely to make counterfactual
comparisons based on their prior expectations, consistent with decision affect theory. Silver medalists
are more likely to be disappointed because their personal expectations are higher than those of bronze
medalists.
Options:
1) argued, thought, persuaded, flighted
2) whereabouts, wherever, whatsoever, whereas
3) advantaged, outperformed, salient, worried
4) playfully, finally, actually, totally
5) after, last, before, prior
6) that, these, those, this
217. Hans Christian Andersen (Prediction)

Fans of biographical criticism have a luxurious source in the works of Hans Christian Andersen. Like
Lewis Carroll (and, to a lesser extent, Kenneth Grahame), Andersen was near- pathologically
uncomfortable in the company of adults. Of course, all three had to work and interact with adults, but
all three really related well to children and their simpler worlds. Andersen, for a time, ran a puppet
theater and was incredibly popular with children, and, of course, he wrote an impressive body of fairy
tales which have been produced in thousands of editions since the 19th century. Most everyone has
read or at least knows the titles of many of Andersen’s works: “The Ugly Duckling,” “The Emperor’s
New Clothes,” “The Nightingale,” “The Little Mermaid,” “The Match Girl,” and many others. Though,
as with most folk and fairy tales, they strike adult rereaders much differently than they do young first-
time readers. Charming tales of ducks who feel awkward because they don’t fit in, only to exult in the
discovery that they are majestic swans, gives child readers clearly-identifiable messages: don’t tease
people because they’re different; don’t fret about your being different because some day you’ll
discover what special gifts you have. A closer, deeper look at many of Andersen’s tales (including
“The Ugly Duckling,” which is not on our reading list), reveals a darker, harder, more painful thread.
People are often cruel and unfeeling, love is torturous–in general, the things of the material world
cause suffering. There is often a happy ending, but it’s not conventionally happy. Characters are
rewarded, but only after they manage (often through death) to transcend the rigors of the mortal
world.
Options:
1) talk, interact, play, influence
2) react, related, reimburse, relevant
3) stroke, strove, strike, stoked
4) nervous, shamed, awkward, harmful
5) gifts, occasions, presents, treasures
6) harmful, thoughtful, painful, colorful
218. Pollination (Prediction)

According to a research conducted by Cambridge University, flowers can find their own ways to
attract insects to help them pollinate. Flowers will release an irresistible smell. A scientist and
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her colleagues did an experiment in which they use fake flowers to attract bees and insects. In their
experiments, they feed many bumblebees from their origins repeatedly and got the same results.
Options:
1) strange, wired, irresistible, uncomfortable
2) friends, children, colleagues, relatives
3) dens, destinations, origins, tastes
219. Egg-eating Snakes (Prediction)

Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose diet consists only of eggs. Some eat only small
eggs, which they have to swallow whole , as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat
bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment . These snakes have spines that stick out from the
backbone. The spines crack the egg open as it passes through the throat.
Options:
1) food, consists, dietitian, diet
2) slow, fast, whole, all
3) thinking, treatment, food, supplement
4) about, on, by, out
5) down, up, close, open
220. Carski Award (Prediction)

In 2001 he received the SIUC Outstanding Scholar Award. In 2003 he received the Carski Award for
Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching from the American Society for Microbiology. Mike’s research
is focused on bacteria that inhabit extreme environments, and for the past 12 years he has studied the
microbiology of permanently ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In addition to
his research papers, he has edited a major treatise on phototrophic bacteria and served for over a
decade as chief editor of the journal Archives of Microbiology. He currently serves on the editorial
board of Environmental Microbiology. Mike’s non-scientific interests include forestry, reading, and
caring for his dogs and horses. He lives beside a peaceful and quiet lake with his wife, Nancy, five
shelter dogs (Gaino, Snuffy, Pepto, Peanut, and Merry), and four horses (Springer, Feivel, Gwen, and
Festus).
Options:
1) moved, focused, wafted, shifted
2) negative, extreme, trouble, bad
3) treaty, treatment, treatise, treasure
4) magazine, journal, quotes, newspaper
5) interests, majors, jobs, considerations
221. Peter Garrett (Prediction)

No one in Parliament would know better than Peter Garrett what largesse copyright can confer so it
may seem right that he should announce a royalty for artists, amounting to 5 percent of all sales after
the original one, which can go on giving to their families for as much as 150 years. But that ignores
the truth that copyright law is a scandal ,recently exacerbated by the Free Trade Agreement with the
US which required extension of copyright to 70 years after death. Is it scandalous that really valuable
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copyrights end up in the ownership of corporations (although Agatha Christie's no-doubt worthy
great-grandchildren are still reaping the benefits of West End success for her whodunnits and
members of the Garrick Club enjoy the continuing fruits of A.A. Milne's Christopher Robin books)? No.
The scandal is that bien pensants politicians have attempted to appear cultured by creating private
assets which depend on an act of Parliament for their existence and by giving away much more in
value than any public benefit could justify . In doing so they have betrayed our trust.
Options:
1) floaty, royalty, loyalty, bravery
2) insult, scandal, slander, humiliation
3) achieved, exacerbated, accumulated, exercised
4) reaping, garnishing, gaining, reaching
5) scandal, explanation, merit, misconception
6) justify, exceed, spoil, counterfeit
222. Aleutian Islands (Prediction)

Alaska's Aleutian Islands have long been accustomed to shipwrecks. They have been part of local
consciousness since a Japanese whaling ship ran aground near the western end of the 1,100-mile
(1,800-km) volcanic archipelago in 1780, inadvertently naming what is now Rat Island when the ship's
infestation scurried ashore and made itself at home. Since then, there have been at least 190
shipwrecks in the islands.
Options:
1) aside, around, aground, along
2) islet, archeology, archipelago, island
3) scurried, buried, ferried, hurried
223. Job Hunting (Prediction)

When it comes to job-hunting, first impressions are critical. Remember, you are marketing a product -
yourself - to a potential employer. The first thing the employer sees when greeting you is
your attire ;thus, you must make every effort to have the proper dress for the type of job you are
seeking. Will dressing properly get you the job? Of course not, but it will give you a competitive edge
and a positive first impression. Should you be judged by what you wear? Perhaps not, but the reality is,
of course, that you are judged. Throughout the entire job-seeking process employers use short-cuts
— heuristics or rules of thumb — to save time. With cover letters, it’s the opening paragraph and a
quick scan of your qualifications. With resumes, it is a quick scan of your accomplishments. With the
job interview, it’s how you’re dressed that sets the tone of the interview. How should you dress?
Dressing conservatively is always the safest route, but you should also try and do a little investigating
of your prospective employer so that what you wear to the interview makes you look as though
you fit in with the organization. If you overdress (which is rare but can happen) or under dress (the
more likely scenario), the potential employer may feel that you don't care enough about the job.
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Options:
1) attire, make-up, suit, appearance
2) grudging, gratuitous, positive, punctilious
3) tongue, tone, key, taste
4) prospective, prosper, proactive, projective
5) fit, keep, jump, suit
224. UN (Prediction)
Founded after World War II by 51 "peace-loving states" combined to oppose future aggression, the
United Nations now counts 192 member nations, including its newest members, Nauru, Kiribati, and
Tonga in 1999, Tuvalu and Yugoslavia in 2000, Switzerland and East Timor in 2002, and Montenegro in
2006. United Nations Day has been observed on October 24 since 1948 and celebrates the objectives
and accomplishments of the organization, which was established on October 24, 1945. The
UN engages in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions across the globe. Though some say
its influence has declined in recent decades, the United Nations still plays a tremendous role in world
politics. In 2001 the United Nations and Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General of the UN, won the Nobel
Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world." Since 1948 there have
been 63 UN peacekeeping operations ; 16 are currently underway.
Options:
1) consists, includes, consisting, including
2) selected, selecting, observed, observing
3) engages, picks, observes, maintains
4) influence, importance, affect, effect
5) tremendous, suspicious, rancorous, despicable
6) operations, manipulations, abstinences, forbearances
225. Definition of Country (Prediction)

What is a country, and how is a country defined? When people ask how many countries there are in
the world, they expect a simple answer. After all, we've explored the whole planet, we have
international travel, satellite navigation and plenty of global organizations like the United Nations, so we
should really know how many countries there are! However, the answer to the question varies
according to whom you ask. Most people say there are 192 countries, but others point out that there
could be more like 260 of them. So why isn't there a straightforward answer? The problem arises
because there isn't a universally agreed definition of 'country' and because, for political reasons, some
countries find it convenient to recognize or not recognize other countries.
Options:
1) very, whole, only, total
2) for, while, but, so
3) those, their, other, all
226. Jean Piaget (Prediction)

Jean Piaget, the pioneering Swiss philosopher and psychologist, spent much of his professional life
listening to children, watching children and poring over reports of researchers around the world who
were doing the same. He found, to put it most succinctly ,that children don't think like grownups. After
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thousands of interactions with young people often barely old enough to talk, Piaget began
to suspect that behind their cute and seemingly illogical utterances were thought processes that had
their own kind of order and their own special logic. Einstein called it a discovery "so simple that only a
genius could have thought of it." Piaget's insight opened a new window into the inner workings of the
mind. By the end of a wide-ranging and remarkably prolific research career that spanned nearly 75
years, from his first scientific publication at age 10 to work still in progress when he died at 84, Piaget
had developed several new fields of science: developmental psychology, cognitive theory and what
came to be called genetic epistemology. Although not an educational reformer, he fashioned a way of
thinking about children that provided the foundation for today’s education-reform movements . It was
a shift comparable to the displacement of stories of "noble savages" and "cannibals" by modem
anthropology. One might say that Piaget was the first to take children's thinking seriously.
Options:
1) poring, studying, learning, investigating
2) suspect, dictate, stipulate, chart
3) language, utterances, speaking, communications
4) tale, discovery, mistrust, distress
5) written, reviewed, prolific, proved
6) guided, designed, opened, fashioned
7) movements, application, transformation, revolution
227. Kimbell (Prediction)

The first section of the book covers new modes of assessment. In Chapter 1, Kimbell (Goldsmith
College, London) responds to criticisms of design programs as formalistic and conventional, stating
that a focus on risk-taking rather than hard work in design innovation is equally problematic. His
research contains three parts that include preliminary exploration of design innovation qualities,
investigation of resulting classroom practices, and development of evidence-based assessment. The
assessment he describes is presented in the form of a structured worksheet, which includes a
collaborative element and digital photographs, in story format. Such a device encourages stimulating
ideas, but does not recognize students as design innovators .The assessment sheet includes holistic
impressions as well as details about “having, growing, and proving” ideas. Colloquial judgments are
evident in terms such as “wow” and “yawn” and reward the quality and quantity of ideas with the
term, “sparkiness”, which fittingly is a pun as the model project was to design light bulb packaging. In
addition, the assessment focuses on the process of optimizing or complexity control as well as proving
ideas with thoughtful criticism and not just generation of novel ideas. The definitions for qualities such
as “technical” and “aesthetic” pertaining to users, are too narrow and ill-defined. The author
provides examples of the project, its features and structures, students’ notes and judgments, and
their sketches and photographs of finished light bulb packages, in the Appendix.
Options:
1) results, criticisms, praise, compliments
2) element, figure, factor, line
3) students, makers, leaders, innovators
4) Colloquial, Subjective, Formal, Traditional
5) examples, results, ideas, themes
228. Burger King (Prediction)
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Drive down any highway，and you’ll see a proliferation of chain restaurants—most likely, if you travel
long and far enough you’ll see McDonald's golden arches as well as signs for Burger King,
Hardee’s，and Wendy’s the “big four” of burgers. Despite its name, though Burger King has fallen
short of claiming the burger crown, unable to surpass market leader McDonald's No. 1 sales status.
Always the bridesmaid and never the bride, Burger King remains No.2. Worse yet, Burger King has
experienced a six-year 22 percent decline in customer traffic, with its overall quality rating dropping
while ratings for the other three contenders have increased. The decline has been attributed to
inconsistent product quality and poor customer service. Although the chain tends to throw advertising
dollars at the problem, an understanding of Integrated Marketing Communication theory would suggest
that internal management problems (nineteen CEOs in fifty years) need to be rectified before a
unified, long-term strategy can be put in place. The importance of consistency in brand image and
messages, at all levels of communication, has become a basic tenet of IMC theory and practice. The
person who takes the customer’s order must communicate the same message as Burger King's
famous tagline, "Have it your way,” or the customer will just buzz up the highway to a chain restaurant
that seems more consistent and, therefore, more reliable .
Options:
1) filing, claiming, winning, getting
2) contestants, contenders, cooperators, speculators
3) dedicated, contributed, devoted, attributed
4) rectified, ratified, realized, recognized
5) importance, pressure, incumbency, ignorance
6) available, reliable, quality, disputable
229. Ocean Floor (Prediction)

The ocean floor is home to many unique communities of plants and animals. Most of these marine
ecosystems are near the water surface, such as the Great Barrier Reef, a 2,000-km long
coral formation off the northeastern coast of Australia. Coral reefs, like nearly all complex living
communities, depend on solar energy for growth (photosynthesis). The sun's energy, however,
penetrates at most only about 300 m below the surface of the water. The relatively shallow
penetration of solar energy and the sinking of cold, subpolar water combine to make most of the deep
ocean floor a frigid environment with few life forms. In 1977, scientists discovered hot springs at a
depth of 2.5 km, on the Galapagos Rift (spreading ridge) off the coast of Ecuador. This exciting
discovery was not really a surprise .Since the early 1970s, scientists had predicted that hot springs
(geothermal vents) should be found at the active spreading centers along the mid-oceanic ridges,
where magma, at temperatures over 1,000° Presumably was being erupted to form new oceanic crust.
More exciting, because it was totally unexpected ,was the discovery of abundant and unusual sea life
- giant tube worms, huge clams, and mussels - that thrived around the hot springs.
Options:
1) system, reality, structure, formation
2) versatile, frigid, warm, perfect
3) surprise, discovery, shock, climax
4) perfect, undermined, unexpected, predictable
5) struggling, died, thrived, exists
230. Spanish Language (Prediction)
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If after years of Spanish classes, some people still find it impossible to understand some native
speakers, they should not worry. This does not necessarily mean the lessons were wasted. Millions of
Spanish speakers use neither standard Latin American Spanish nor Castilian, which predominate in US
schools. The confusion is partly political - the Spanish-speaking world is very diverse. Spanish is the
language of 19 separate countries and Puerto Rico. This means that there is no one standard dialect.
The most common Spanish dialect taught in the US is standard Latin American. It is sometimes called
"Highland" Spanish since it is generally spoken in the mountainous areas of Latin America. While each
country retains its own accents and has some unique vocabulary, residents of countries such as
Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia generally speak Latin American Spanish, especially in urban
centers. This dialect is noted for its pronunciation of each letter and its strong "r" sounds. This
Spanish was spoken in Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and was brought to the
Americas by the early colonists. However, the Spanish of Madrid and of northern Spain, called
Castilian, developed characteristics that never reached the New World. These include the
pronunciation of "ci" and "ce" as "th." In Madrid, "gracias" (thank you) becomes "gratheas" (as
opposed to "gras-see-as" in Latin America). Another difference is the use of the word "vosotros" (you
all, or you guys) as the informal form of "ustedes" in Spain. Castilian sounds to Latin Americans much
like British English sounds to US residents.
Options:
1) usually, only, particularly, necessarily
2) evolve, proceed, precede, predominate
3) mountainous, coastal, rocky, hidden
4) accents, actions, authority, thoughts
5) elucidation, remembering, pronunciation, collection
6) normality, characteristics, problems, distinguishes
231. Indian Onion (Prediction)

The most vital ingredient in Indian cooking, the basic element with which all dishes begin and, normally,
the cheapest vegetable available, the pink onion is an essential item in the shopping basket of families
of all classes. A popular saying holds that you will never starve because you can always afford a roti (a
piece of simple, flat bread) and an onion. But in recent weeks, the onion has started to seem an
unaffordable luxury for India's poor. Over the past few days, another sharp surge in prices has begun
to unsettle the influential urban middle classes. The sudden spike in prices has been caused by large
exports to neighboring countries and a shortage of supply .With its capacity for bringing down
governments and scarring political careers, the onion plays an explosive role in Indian politics. This
week reports of rising onion prices have made front-page news and absorbed the attention of the
governing elite.
Options:
1) vital, ordinary, impressive, affordable
2) simple, basic, great, only
3) element, luxury, ingredients, material
4) surge, plummet, fluctuation, decrease
5) supply, demand, need, price
232. Poverty (Prediction)

Measuring poverty on a global scale requires establishing a uniform poverty level across extremely
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divergent economies, which can result in only rough comparisons. The World Bank has defined the
international poverty line as U.S. $1 and $2 per day in 1993 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), which
adjusts for differences in the prices of goods and services between countries. The $1 per day level is
generally used for the least developed countries, primarily African; the $2-per-day level is used
for middle-income economies such as those of East Asia and Latin America.
Options:
1) requires, relates, asks, expects
2) quality, prices, expenses, quantity
3) limited, more, most, least
4) medium-income, lowest-income, high-income, middle-income
233. Impressionist (Prediction)

Impressionism was a nineteenth century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-
based artists who started publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. Characteristics of Impressionist
painting include visible brush strokes, light colours, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing
qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, and unusual
visual angles. The name of the movement is derived from Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise
(Impression, soleil levant). Critic Louis Leroy inadvertently coined the term in a satiric review published
in Le Charivari. Radicals in their time, early Impressionists broke the rules of academic painting. They
began by giving colours, freely brushed, primacy over line, drawing inspiration from the work of
painters such as Eugene Delacroix. They also took the act of painting out of the studio and into the
world. Previously, not only still-lives and portraits, but also landscapes had been painted indoors , but
the Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by
painting air (in plain air).
Options:
1) emphasized, emphasis, rely, depending
2) related, come, attribute, derived
3) inspiration, paintings, lines, enlightenment
4) act, notion, thought, fact
5) indoors, everywhere, outdoors, randomly
6) capture, remember, notice, memorize
234. Edison (Prediction)

Thomas Alva Edison was both a scientist and an inventor. Born in 1847, Edison would
see tremendous changes take place in his lifetime. He was also to be responsible for making many of
those changes occur. When Edison was born, society still thought of electricity as a novelty , a fad. By
the time he died, entire cities were lit by electricity. Much of the credit for that progress goes to
Edison. In his lifetime, Edison patented 1,093 inventions, earning him the nickname “The Wizard of
Menlo Park.” The most famous of his inventions was the incandescent light bulb. Besides the light
bulb, Edison developed the phonograph and the “kinetoscope,” a small box for viewing moving films.
Thomas Edison is also the first person in the US to make his own filmstrips. He also improved upon
the original design of the stock ticker, the telegraph, and Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone. He
believed in hard work, sometimes working twenty hours a day. Edison was quoted as saying, “Genius is
one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.” In tribute to this important American, electric
lights in the United States were dimmed for one minute on October 21, 1931, a few days after his
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death.
Options:
1) neither, never, both, almost
2) experimental, moderate, tremendous, trenchant
3) news, miracle, tradition, novelty
4) processed, copyright, made, patented
5) order, tribute, addition, regard
6) dimmed, switched, on, lit
235. Pinker (Prediction)

In a sequence of bestsellers, including The Language Instinct and How the Mind Works, Pinker has
argued the swathes of our mental, social and emotional lives may have originated as evolutionary
adaptations, well suited to the lives our ancestors eked out on the Pleistocene savannah. Sometimes it
seems as if nothing is immune from being explained this way. Road rage, adultery, marriage, altruism,
our tendency to reward senior executives with corner offices on the top floor, and the smaller number
of women who become mechanical engineers—all may have their roots in natural selection, Pinker
claims. The controversial implications are obvious: that men and women might differ in their inborn
abilities at performing certain tasks, for example, or that parenting may have little influence on
personality.
Options:
1) originating, originate, origin, originated
2) prohibited, convinced, immune, protected
3) needs, roots, demands, values
4) differ, complicate, indulge, interested
5) few, many, a few, little
236. (Prediction)
School-to-work transition is a historically persistent topic of educational policymaking and reform that
impacts national systems of vocational education and training. The transition process refers to a
period between completion of general education and the beginning of vocational education or the
beginning of gainful employment as well as to training systems, institutions, and programs that prepare
young people for careers. The status passage of youth from school to work has changed structurally
under late modernism, and young people are forced to adapt to changing demands of their
environment, especially when planning for entry into the labor market. While some young people have
developed successful strategies to cope with these requirements, those undereducated and otherwise
disadvantaged in society often face serious problems when trying to prepare for careers. Longer
transitions lead to a greater vulnerability and to risky behaviors .
Options:
1) endurance, processing, beginning, completion
2) appearances, demands, necessities, options
3) unknown, known, successful, unsuccessful
4) demonstrations, questions, behaviors, business
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237. Push and Pull (Prediction)

People move to a new region for many different reasons. The motivation for moving can come from a
combination of what researchers sometimes call 'push and pull factors ' — those that encourage
people to leave a region, and those that attract people to a region. Some of the them that motivate
people to move include seeking a better climate, finding more affordable housing, looking for work or
retiring from work, leaving the congestion of city living, wanting a more pleasant environment, and
wanting to be near to family and friends. In reality, many complex factors and personal reasons
may interact to motivate a person or family to move.
Options:
1) accommodation, combination, abbreviation, motivation
2) factors, generators, margins, settings
3) include, as, enclose, about
4) congestion, confluence, concoction, conjunction
5) factors, reasons, features, messages
6) interlock, able, interact, attract
238. Intelligence Comparison (Prediction)

Comparing the intelligence of animals of different species is difficult, how do you compare a dolphin
and a horse? Psychologists have a technique for looking at intelligence that does not require the
cooperation of the animal involved. The relative size of an individual's brain is a reasonable indication
of intelligence. Comparing across species is not as simple as generally expected. An elephant will have
a larger brain than a human has simply because it is a large beast. Instead we use the Cephalization
index, which compares the size of an animal's brain with the size of its body. Based on the
Cephalization index, the brightest animals on the planet are humans, followed by great apes, porpoises
and elephants. As a general rule , animals that hunt for a living (like canines) are smarter than strict
vegetarians (you don't need much intelligence to outsmart a leaf of lettuce). Animals that live in social
groups are always smarter and have larger EQ's than solitary animals.
Options:
1) done, do, did, does
2) across, to, through, over
3) Then, Instead, Because, Otherwise
4) followed, follows, follow, following
5) theory, principal, rule, principle
239. Paleoanthropologist (Prediction)

Forty years ago yesterday, November 24, 1974, paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson found in Ethiopia
what's arguably the most famous and important fossil of a human ancestor : Lucy. Last month, at the
ScienceWriters2014 meeting in Columbus, Ohio, Johanson talked about the moment he laid eyes on
Lucy. "On that eventful day in 1974 I was out, with a graduate student, Tom Gray, and we were
walking back to our Land Rover to go back to camp to enjoy a swim in the river with the crocodiles
and enjoy a nice little lunch. And I am always looking at the ground. I find more quarters by parking
meters than anybody I know, I think. And you know how it is you find what you're looking for, right?
"Because a year before the discovery a geologist had left his footprints four-to-five feet away from
the skeleton , because he was looking for rocks. I was looking for bones. And I found a little piece of
elbow, that little hinge that allows us to flex and extend our arm. And I knew from my studies of
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osteology, of comparative anatomy and so on, that this had to be from a human ancestor. "And I as
looked up the slope, I saw other fragments eroding out. And we recovered over a two-week-long
excavation operation roughly, not counting hand and foot bones, 40 percent of a skeleton. And this
was important because first of all it broke the three-million-year time barrier. All the fossils older than
three million years at that point in the history of paleoanthropology would fit in the palm of your
hand…we didn't know it was a new species really until a few years later when we finally published in
1978 the name Australopithecus afarensis." For more, check out the blog item on our Web site by
Scientific American's Kate Wong who, with Johanson, co-authored the book Lucy's Legacy. Kate's
blog is titled The Fossil That Revolutionized the Search for Human Origins: A Q&A with Lucy
Discoverer Donald Johanson.
Options:
1) ancestor, dulcimer, mantissa, cullender
2) discovery, confession, concealment, interpolation
3) skeleton, singleton, insulin, chairperson
4) hinge, axis, pulley, knot
5) malice, deterrence, fragments, ballots
6) published, object, encampment, eructed
240. Architectural Museum (Prediction)

The Edo-Tokyo Tatemono En is an open-air architectural museum, but could be better thought of as
a park. Thirty buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries from all around Tokyo were restored
and relocated to the space, where they can be explored by future generations to come. The buildings
arc a collection of houses and businesses, shops, and bathhouses, all of which would have been
present on a typical middle-class street from Edocra to Showa-cra Tokyo. The west section
is residential ,with traditional thatched roof bungalows of the 19th century. Mciji-cra houses are also
on view, constructed in a more Westernstyle after Japan opened its borders in 1868. The Musashino
Sabo Cafe occupies the ground floor of one such house, where visitors can enjoy a cup of tea. Grand
residences like that of Korckiyo Takahashi, an early 20th century politician assassinated over his
controversial policies, demonstrate how the upper class lived during that time period. The east section
is primarily businesses from the 1920s and 30s, preserved with their wares on display. Visitors are
free to wander through a kitchenware shop, a florist’s, an umbrella store, a bar, a soy sauce shop, a
tailor’s, a cosmetics shop, and an inn complete with an operational noodle shop .
Options:
1) across, almost, fully, all
2) residential, residing, resident, residence
3) base, dusty, ground, earthly
4) wandering, to wander, wandered, wander
241. Australia and New Zealand (Prediction)

Australia and New Zealand have many common links. Both countries were recently settled by
Europeans, are predominantly English speaking and in that sense, share a common
cultural heritage .Although in close proximity to one another, both countries are geographically isolated
and have small populations by world standards .They have similar histories and enjoy close relations on
many fronts. In terms of population characteristics ,Australia and New Zealand have much in common.
Both countries have minority indigenous populations, and during the latter half of the 20th century
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have seen a steady stream of migrants from a variety of regions throughout the world. Both countries
have experienced similar declines in fertility since the high levels recorded during the baby boom, and
alongside this have enjoyed the benefits of continually improving life expectancy. One consequence of
these trends is that both countries are faced with an ageing population, and the associated challenge
of providing appropriate care and support for this growing group within the community.
Options:
1) heritage, asset, appearance, prestige
2) statistics, standards, authorities, records
3) senses, characteristics, aspects, directions
4) experienced, expected, compensated, estimated
5) associated, favourable, comprehensive, irrevocable
242. Cloth-making (Prediction)

About 10,000 years ago, people learned how to make cloth. Wool, cotton, flax, or hemp was first spun
into a thin thread using a spindle. The thread was then woven into a fabric. The earliest weaving
machines probably consisted of little more than a pair of sticks that held a set of parallel threads,
called the warp, while the cross-thread, called the weft, was inserted. Later machines called looms
had roads that separated the threads to allow the weft to be inserted more easily . A piece of wood,
called the shuttle, holding a spool of thread, was passed between the separated threads. The
basic principles of spinning and weaving have stayed the same until the present day, though during
the industrial revolution of the 18th century many ways were found of automating the processes. With
new machines such as the spinning mule, many threads could be spun at the same time, and, with the
help of devices like the flying shuttle, broad pieces of cloth could be woven at great speed.
Options:
1) doubtless, probably, possible, possibility
2) precise, accuracy, easily, accurate
3) role, principles, foundation, criteria
4) automating, slower, faster, existing
243. Keith Haring (Prediction)

Keith Haring began as an underground artist, literally. His first famous projects were pieces of stylized
graffiti drawn in New York subway stations. Haring travelled from station to station, drawing with chalk
and chatting with commuters about his work. These doodles helped him develop his classic style and
he grew so prolific , doing up to 40 drawings a day, that it was not long before fame and a measure of
fortune followed. Soon, galleries and collectors from the art establishment wanted to buy full-sized
pieces by Haring. The paintings skyrocketed in price but this did not sit well with Haring's philosophy.
He believed that art, or at least his art, was for everyone. Soon, Haring opened a store which he called
the Pop Shop, which he hoped would attract a broad range of people. While somewhat controversial
among street artists，some of whom accused Haring of 'selling out', the Pop Shop changed the way
people thought about the relationship between art and business.
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Options:
1) drawers, drew, draws, drawn
2) prolific, pedantic, perceptive, proactive
3) in part, at least, by contrast, actually
4) those, whom, them, whose
244. Honorary Degree (Prediction)

Victoria University of Wellington has conferred an honorary degree on a distinguished astrophysicist in
a recent graduation ceremony. Professor Warrick Couch received the honorary degree of Doctor of
Science for his remarkable contribution to our knowledge of galaxies and dark energy. Professor
Couch is a distinguished astrophysicist who has played a crucial role in the discovery that the Universe
is expanding at an accelerating rate, a finding which led to the lead scientists being awarded a Nobel
Prize in Physics in 2011, which he attended in recognition of his contribution. In his research, Professor
Couch uses large ground-based and spaced-based telescopes to observe galaxy clusters, which are
the largest Structures in the Universe. He is also involved in a number of national and international
committees overseeing the management of these telescopes. In addition to his own research
activities, Professor Couch has worked to support young researchers and provide public comment on
astronomy internationally.
Options:
1) was receiving, received, had received, is received
2) led, played, done, found
3) who, they, those, which
4) As a result of, Instead of, In addition to, Regarding
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D. Listening
Summarize Spoken Text
Repeat Rate: 90%
1. Human Life (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Humans change life. Humans are unable to do something because they don't have to do so.
Clothing is an example. Key words: animals, brain.
(APEUni Website / App SST #276)
2. Climate Change Experiment (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Humans are faced with many challenges, one of which is climate change. An experiment was
conducted on the environment and climate in the 1930s when people first noticed climate change.
Humans have been trying to change their lifestyles to deal with it, but the observation of climate
change is difficult from area to area. A method is introduced to help understand the mechanism of the
climate system.
3. Chimpanzees (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About Nonhuman Rights Project, which is an organization that fights for legal rights for
animals. They sued at the New York Court and asked to release a chimpanzee, named Tommy, who
was locked in a cage for research purposes. They argued that chimpanzees also had cognitive
capacities, but the court didn't approve their appeal because they think chimpanzees were not human
despite their cognitive skills.
4. Needs (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About ways to use and interpret the word ‘need’. When you say, ‘I need a holiday’, it is an
expression of a strong desire but not a basic need. When you say, ‘the plant needs water,’ it is an
objective statement because it is essential, as much as sunlight to plants. Meanwhile, there is a
psychological use of ‘need’ when someone lacks something.
5. Stress (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About two kinds of stress. One is little stress, which happens in special circumstances such as
exams or other competitions, and can be considered as a motivation to improve performances. The
other one is what we usually talk about, caused by poor time management. Hence, to release such
stress, people could use a calendar to schedule and find a balance between play and work.
6. Internet Growth (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The internet has changed our lives in terms of both quality and quantity with its rapid growth.
As for the advantages of online research, it is quick, less expensive, and can help us access hard-to-
reach groups. However, online research has some drawbacks, as there are no face-to-face
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communications or body languages, and the other downside is that subjects are not 'real people', so
we don't know who they are.
7. Competition (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Most companies believe that competition drives employees to improve performance and
motivate them. Ranking among employees is widely used in large corporations because they believe
this can improve productivity. But this is a common mistake. Competition makes employees full of
fears, making it impossible for them to be creative, even in simple tasks.
8. Patients' Recovery (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About patients' recovery speed. A long time ago, people began to study therapeutic
environments. They found that fresh air and sunlight had positive impacts on patients’ recovery, and
so does architecture. Views of the hospital's backyards could help patients rest well and sleep well,
and could also help release their stress and pain easily. 90% of nurses in hospitals agreed that the
designed hospital environment links to patients’ recovery. Key words: hospital design, pleasant setting,
environment, family and friends visits
9. Global Marketing (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About global marketing. Companies should lay stress on renovation, research and development
of products. Examples include Apple's iPhone and iPad, Microsoft, .... Individuals should improve
personal skills to meet the requirements of global markets.
10. Old Buildings (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About old building’ renovation. Instructions are given relatively for old buildings 40~50, 50~70
and more than 100 years old. Then, construction of modern buildings, and site selections.
11. Nuts (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Nuts are good and bad for health. Good, because nuts have vitamins, minerals and proteins.
Bad, because nuts are high in energy and calories. The energy density of a handful of nuts is equal to
two chocolate bars. Ten to twelve nuts at a time is good. Too many (handful and handful), bad.
12. Group Students (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About group students doing experiments, which involve males, females( girls?) and elders and
are about attention and concentration.
13. Newspaper Industry (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About dramatically shrinking newspaper industry in some states of America during the second
fifty years of the 20th century. Economic model changed although newspapers increased the cash
flow. Newspaper industry lost money because of a decrease in advertising and buyers. Over 100
newspapers with cash flow in red had no money to publish the newspaper everyday. Some published
three days per week. Small-sized newspapers only published once a week and had to go online. Some
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newspapers even disappeared. The staff working in newspaper industry decreased by 30-60% or
more.
14. Management (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Managers should read more to gain a broad range of perspectives and go back to university to
improve themselves. Some managers need all kinds of perspectives. The best manager is not only to
know their organization better, but also to be a professor of management. Experience is not
necessary, but management knowledge is important. Keyword: skills.
15. Competence (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: People fear persons who are competent and feel diminished when faced with those persons.
But when competent persons make mistakes, people like them more. For example, some public figures
became more popular after they suffered a failure. Key words: incompetent, competent,
supercompetent, making mistake, failure, push/pull factors.
16. Children's Lost Life (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Children lost their childhood in the 19th century in different situations. There was much
children employment, which brought lots of risks to working children in society, such as sexual
harassments and criminal events. They also suffered exploitation and high demand for the workload.
Besides, children may be threatened on the street for destroying objects. Finally, society with
commercials features and gender bias exposed children's personal lives to these negative factors.
17. Automatic Driving (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Automatic driving systems are safer technology, and are more fuel-sufficient. Level three is
conditional automation, which means drivers must be ready to intervene in some specific
circumstances. Level four is of complete control by the vehicle even in specific circumstances, which
means humans can be removed from driving. The speaker thinks that level three would be more
acceptable based on the above concerns.
18. Sugar (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
There’s sugar in a lot of foods where you don’t expect it. Of course there’s lots of sugar in donuts or
ice cream, or pastries, or other things that are sweet; candy of course, but there are other places
where you see it and you don’t necessarily expect it. As an example: peanut butter. Here’s a list of
ingredients from Skippy Peanut Butter and you see that sugar is the second most common ingredient.
You may know from reading food labels that these ingredients in any food label are listed in order of
how much there is in the food itself, so sugar comes right after peanuts. Here’s another example,
Beef Stew, you wouldn’t necessarily expect to find sugar in beef stew but it’s there. Now it’s down the
list of ingredients, it’s actually toward the end, but if you look at the marketing of this and look at the
can it says, there’s fresh potatoes and carrots, but actually there’s more sugar in this than there is
carrot.
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App to listen.
19. Remote Education (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: There is a vido where the lady is talking about existing disadvantages of remote education and
how her research on how "Remote Campuses" can help.
20. Fish Activities (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: To understand fish activities, we have to consider the environment. The speaker examined
some noticeable changes over an interesting period of time, including being exposed in radiation,
claimed instruments. The speaker also explored dynamic skills based on different regions and colonies,
which is unachievable.
21. Stone Balls (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I suppose you wouldn't expect perhaps to find a mathematician in a museum of historical objects, but
actually, the objects that I've been drawn to in this museum have quite a lot of mathematical
significance. These Neolithic stones, discovered in Scotland, dating back 5,000 years, are probably the
first examples of humans exploring the concept of symmetry. And that's what I do as a practicing
mathematician. I spend my life trying to understand what symmetries are possible, in nature and in
mathematics and abstractly. And here I've got a connection, going back 5,000 years, to people who
are already trying to understand –how can I arrange patches on the side of these stone balls in a
symmetrical manner? One of the intriguing things about these stones is that we don't actually know
what they're for. They might have been for divination –trying to predict the future. They might have
been part of a game. They look very much like dice, but we don't really think there is any game
associated with them. Maybe they were just for chucking around, they're very nice in the hand when
you hold them. Or maybe they were symbols of power in the clan. I suppose that's why I like them
because we don't really know what they are. If I had a theory about why they were doing this it would
be that actually, they were starting to be mathematicians, and that here we see the first example of
abstract thought at work. That these weren't for a purpose. Mathematics is a great subject, created a
lot of the technology around us, but mathematicians we create our mathematical objects for the joy
and the beauty, so it will be lovely to think that these didn't actually have a use, that they were just
really a celebration of what's possible.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Neolithic stones. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the objects
discovered in Scotland, dating back 5,000 years, are probably the first examples of humans exploring
the concept of symmetry. Also, he mentions we do not actually know what they are for. Lastly, the
speaker believes that mathematicians create our mathematical objects for the joy and the beauty. In
conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
22. Machines (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The development of machines is a sign of the development of the country. Machines are
getting better with technological improvements, such as face recognition or language processing
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techniques. People make money from machines with our life is dependent on them. However, the use
of machines will lead to rise of unemployment. We have to create more jobs for people, otherwise we
would have nowhere else to go.
23. Bees and Darwin (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About the genes of the bee and its evolution. In order to protect the next generation in the
hive, worker bees attack intruders and then sacrifice their lives. Darwin realized that improving the
reproductivity of the queen bees could help save the bees' genes.
24. National Wealth (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Before the Industrial Revolution, British economists believed a nation's wealth lay in how much
money people could pile up, but Adam Smith in 1776 claimed that a nation’s wealth came from not
only agriculture but also manufacture, and the nation’s wealth was of the ability to achieve high
outputs. Overall, national wealth was equal to the nation’s income since national income measured
national output.
25. Sleep (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: This is a new memory-learning memory. It is a good thing for you to get enough sleep, and a
bad thing for you if not. Function of sleep is mentioned. People need to sleep before learning, and
people also need to sleep after learning. When you get asleep, the memory... into your brain.
26. Memory (C) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So I am gonna talk a little bit briefly about different systems of memory, umm, and in fact much of the
memory that influences and guides our, our everyday life actually kind of hides in the background. You
actually don’t know that when you are using the bulk of your memory. And this is called implicit or
procedural memory. This includes things like cultural and social norms, so kind of understanding how
you are supposed to behave in a classroom or expecting a certain thing to happen when you walk into
a restaurant. These are all things that we have learnt and acquired over our years but it’s not
necessarily something that we think about. Language, also, in many aspects, is something that is fairly
automatic and we’ve acquired and used very naturally, and other learned skills such as reading or
driving. These are things that might have been effortful at one time, but now they just come very
easily and automatically to us. And in fact, if you actually try to describe to somebody how you drive
or how to drive, it actually kind of messes you up. So these are in a lot of , well, in a lot of cases,
consciousness kind of gets in the way of a lot of these aspects of implicit memory. Now when we're
talking about our memory, so for instance, people tell me a lot that their memories are bad, when
people are saying, when they talk about their memory, they’re usually talking about explicit or episodic
memory, and these are very different from implicit memories. These are memories that have a very
specific tag or space and time. These are highly personal memories usually, so this could be
everything from remembering what you ate for breakfast to what you did on your last vacation, or
remembering a significant birthday that you had several years ago or in the past, or just an answer to
a multiple choice question on a test.
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App to listen.
27. Memory (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
There are two main categories of memory. Implicit memory, which is also called procedural memory,
cannot be consciously recalled. It is an experimental or functional form of memory, informed by
cultural and social background. With implicit memory, behaviors are automatic. We recall implicit
memories naturally, so we are not aware when we are using them. Examples of implicit memory
include using languages naturally, driving automatically, reading and writing. When people try to
consciously describe how to drive, they may misrepresent how they actually drive. What we often
describe as ‘bad memory’ is an explicit memory. Explicit memory is also known as episodic memory,
which is totally different from implicit memory. It’s more about time and space and is often related to
personal life experiences. Some examples of explicit memory include remembering birthdays from
many years ago or answering multiple-choice questions in a test.
App to listen.
28. Dancing Bees (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Honeybees do a waggle dance to direct other bees to sources of nectar, but dancing bees like this
one can be halted by a headbutt from another bee. Now, researchers have found that this headbutt is
actually a warning signal. A feeding station was set up in the lab to mimic a source of nectar. Then
foraging bees were introduced to dangers at the station, such as competition from rival colonies.
When foragers returned to the hive, they stopped bees dancing. Scientists think the behavior warns
dancers of a dangerous source of nectar.
App to listen.
29. Children Directors (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Children are facing social difficulties with particular risks. In an experiment in a high school, the
students were told to be a movie director and to choose their own story structure. The students
worked with each other, which involved lots of different skills. The movies they had made were actually
cool. Then, the researchers tested the intervention effect, finding this can improve their self-
regulation. Key words: young people, 8-12 weeks, social interactivity, working together, reading,
creating, critical thinking, as a result of intervention( Note: the ending words)
30. Literature in Poem (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today, poems remain an important part of art and culture. We often talk about the knowledge about
the literature in poem. Poetry is probably the oldest form of literature, and probably predates the origin
of writing itself. The oldest written manuscripts we have are poems, mostly epic poems telling the
stories of ancient mythology. The English language in poems and poetries is difficult to understand,
often giving readers a feeling of frustration and making it hard for readers to enjoy poetry. This is
because poems use literary expressions. Poetry was once written according to fairly strict rules of
meter and rhyme, and each culture had its own rules. Some poems incorporate rhyme schemes, with
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two or more lines that end in like-sounding words. We should learn to simply enjoy it, and to know
more about literature knowledge.
App to listen.
31. Food Waste (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The United States is considered the biggest food-wasting country in the world. 60% of food
waste comes from general consumption. There are two main sources of food waste. The majority of
food waste comes from supermarkets, especially in the used-by section. The other factor is what
people purchase and how they eat.
32. Moods (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 情绪稳定性因⼈⽽异。有的⼈平时的⼼情很紧张，就像过⼭⻋；⽽⼀些⼈平时则很放松，⼼态平和。
研究发现，the secret of happiness is of a mild containment。需要找到⼀个平衡点，最理想的⼼态是适度
紧张加上适度克制。关键词：tense, loose, mild containment, moods, fluctuation of emotions, mild mood
33. Leadership (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
A leader can define or clarify goals by issuing a memo or an executive order, an edict or a fatwa or a
tweet, by passing a law, barking a command, or presenting an interesting idea in a meeting of
colleagues. Leaders can mobilize people’s energies in ways that range from subtle, quiet persuasion to
the coercive threat or the use of deadly force. Sometimes a charismatic leader such as Martin Luther
King Jr. can define goals and mobilize energies through rhetoric and the power of example. We can
think of leadership as a spectrum, in terms of both visibility and the power the leader wields. On one
end of the spectrum, we have the most visible: authoritative leaders like the president of the United
States or the prime minister of the United Kingdom, or a dictator such as Hitler or Qaddafi. At the
opposite end of the spectrum is casual, low-key leadership found in countless situations every day
around the world, leadership that can make a significant difference to the individuals whose lives are
touched by it. Over the centuries, the first kind–the out-in-front, authoritative leadership–has
generally been exhibited by men. Some men in positions of great authority, including Nelson Mandela,
have chosen a strategy of “leading from behind”; more often, however, top leaders have been quite
visible in their exercise of power. Women (as well as some men) have provided casual, low-key
leadership behind the scenes. But this pattern has been changing, as more women have taken up
opportunities for visible, authoritative leadership.
App to listen.
34. MPA Campaign (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The ocean provides habitats for fish, the source of protein feeding billions of people. There are
many species of fish that are endangered. The government set up a network, called MPA marine
campaign, in which countries and organizations collaborate with each other to protect the
environment. But MPA is faced with lots of challenges, as some developing countries lack
management and resources, and feel being excluded. Some key numbers: 4.8 billion; 98% ; 32 years.
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35. Engineer and Engineering (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today, this course you are going to take is about what is engineering and how to work with a
complicated system. You guys should know the answers, because all of you guys are from the
engineering course. Especially, when you design, build, debug and develop something new, during
these process, you are working with the complicated system. How to program complicated systems
and how would you know it actually works before producing it. Sometimes, the inspirations are from
your daily life, you probably need to consider your personal life experience. And from the common
everyday life to the tiny things that you cannot see virtually, and the inspirations normally exist in the
tiny levels. A complicated system such as your laptops running Microsoft systems. That means the
system is not able to see, which means you guys have to virtualize it. Engineering is here to help
virtualize by using systems. Nowadays, the complicated systems are relatively reliable, and you guys
work upon these and need to deliver the new outcomes which are reliable as well. This is what we do
now and we are good at. Engineering is to help virtualize by using systems. In order to develop and
produce a reliable system, you need consider more on the risks, potentials, predictability and
accuracy.
App to listen.
36. Stock Market and Business (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About stock markets and modern businesses. Traditional companies used stocks to raise
money, and input money into companies, while modern companies used stocks to output money. In
the 18th century, manufacturing companies came into the market. Modern companies, such as Apple,
Google and Microsoft are big enough, and use stocks differently. Stock market put money into big
companies.
37. Luxury Brand (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The question today of what makes a luxury brand, a luxury brand and how do we distinguish it, is very
hard to answer. The standard business response is to say they are more exclusive. And we get
exclusivity by having high price and relatively small amounts of the product available. The reality,
however, of luxury brands is that they are sold in their millions, and in some cases, are not priced that
much higher than the standard output. The only way I can really answer your question is to say, it is all
relative. As you said in your introduction, it wasn't that long ago in Australia that we would have
considered two televisions to be a luxury, or even further back, one colour television. And you can
make a strong argument, for example, that Starbucks in China, right now, is a luxury purchase
because of its cost, because of how frequently it is purchased by many people. So, I think the long
answer is a complicated one, but the answer is, it depends who you talk to. I think in the business
community what we would say, is that there is a small cluster of more expensive brands which have a
distinct strategy that we would identify as being luxury brands. And they start with the Rolls Royce and
the Tiffanys and the Louis Vuittons of the world. And, I think that tends to be how we see them.
App to listen.
38. Paper Rejection (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)
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Original:
Rejection happens to all of us, and it can be a disappointing experience. I will now give some advice
for young researchers. Many things have changed today, which can be a troubling issue. The chance
of getting paper published is becoming smaller and smaller. Although it never is easy to take, rejection
is particularly hard at the beginning of your career. But rejections will lead to a better result and will be
good for the career path. Use this feedback to improve your paper for submission to another journal
as well as your next, more robust study of the topic. Usually several individuals with expertise in the
topic have donated substantial time to provide detailed advice to advance your paper and future work.
Also remember that publication does not mean funding. Investors will learn how to attract and engage
young researchers at the same time.
App to listen.
39. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
We are living through one of the greatest of scientific endeavours – the attempt to understand the
most complex object in the universe, the brain. Scientists are accumulating vast amounts of data
about structure and function in a huge array of brains, from the tiniest to our own. Tens of thousands
of researchers are devoting massive amounts of time and energy to thinking about what brains do,
and astonishing new technology, including computers and artificial intelligence, is enabling us to both
describe and manipulate that activity. Humans can tell computers what to do and how to do, by giving
the meaning of the certain words. Computers can operate as programed, and develop systems and
symbols. Computers work by analyzing messages into bytes, and this function is similar to human
brains. Both human brains and computers are symbol processors, so computers have potential to bring
artificial intelligence.
App to listen.
40. Global Economy (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About global economy. Global economy has become unethical and unfair. The trade between
Europe and the United States has been unfair, which needs to be further negotiated. These problems
of the global economy should be on the agenda for the following years.
41. Inhabitants in Australia (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The first inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present indigenous people. Whether these
first migrations involved one or several successive waves and distinct peoples is still subject to
academic debate, as is its timing. The minimum widely accepted time frame places presence of
humans in Australia at 40,000 to 43,000 years Before Present, while the upper range supported by
others is 60,000 to 70,000 years BP. In any event, this migration was achieved during the closing
stages of the Pleistocene epoch, when sea levels were typically much lower than they are today.
Repeated episodes of extended glaciation resulted in decreases of sea levels by some 100150 m. The
continental coastline therefore extended much further out into the Timor Sea than it does today, and
Australia and New Guinea formed a single landmass (known as Sahul), connected by an extensive land
bridge across the Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait The ancestral Australian
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Aboriginal peoples were thus long established and continued to develop, diversify and settle through
much of the continent. As the sea levels again rose at the terminus of the most recent glacial period
some 10,000 years ago the Australian continent once more became a separated landmass. However,
the newly formed 150 km wide Torres Strait with its chain of islands still provided the means for
cultural contact and trade between New Guinea and the northern Cape York Peninsula. During the
1970s and 1980s around 120,000 southern Asian refugees migrated to Australia. During that twenty
years, Australia first began to adopt a policy of what Minister of Immigration Al Grassby termed
"multiculturalism". In 2004-05, Australia accepted 123,000 new settlers, a 40% increase over the past
10 years. The largest number of immigrants (40,000 in 200405) moved to Sydney. The majority of
immigrants came from Asia, led by China and India.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the first inhabitants in Australia. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the
first inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present indigenous people. Also, he mentions
that this migration was achieved during the closing stages of the Pleistocene epoch. Lastly, the
speaker believes that the majority of immigrants came from Asia, led by China and India. In conclusion,
this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
42. Food Label (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important consideration for manufactures since
more than 70 percent of shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a product. A
recent controversy as to whether labels on prepared foods should educate or merely inform the
consumer is over and a consumer group got its way. The group maintained that the product labels
should do more than simply list how many grams of nutrients food contains. Their contention was that
labels should also list the percentage of a day's total nutrients that the product would supply to the
consumer because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet. A government agency
disagrees strongly favoring a label that merely informs the consumer. In other words, a label that only
lists the contents of the product. The agency maintained that consumers could decide for themselves
if the food is nutritious and is meeting their daily needs. The consumer group in supporting its case
has cited a survey in which shoppers were shown a food label and with an ask if they would need
more or less of a certain nutrient after eating a survey of this product. The shoppers weren't able to
answer the questions easily when they were not given a specific percentage. This study and others
helped get the new regulation passed and now food products must have more detailed labels.
App to listen.
43. Survey on Happiness (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So happiness economics can help us get to these questions, and I'll try to give you some examples of
this. Now, even though there's a lot of skepticism, originally about using this survey - surveys what
people say make them happy. The number of reason that we are getting increasingly confident in
doing so. One is that their consistent pattern - remarkable consistent pattern, determines well-being
across large samples of people, across countries, across the world, and over time. Some of the basic
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things that make people happy, and I will show you some of these income health, marital status,
employment status. Some of these very basic things are remarkably consistent across countries
across world. So that gives us some sense that these surveys are picking up consistent patterns. And
when we know what consistent patterns are, we can look how other things that very much more,
affect people's well-being. The environment and equality, the nature's institution raging on living, and
all kinds of other things that very much more.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about happiness economics. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that their
consistent pattern determines well-being across large samples of people. Also, she mentions that
some of these very basic things are remarkably consistent across the world. Lastly, the speaker
believes that the environment and equality, the nature's institution raging on living, and all kinds of
other things affect people's well-being. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
44. Human Freedom (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I think we are in the early stages of a change toward much more human freedom in business. And I
think this change may be as important for businesses as the change to democracy has been for
governments. The reason I think that's happening is because it's now possible for the first time in
human history to have the economic benefits of very large organizations. Things like economies of
scale and knowledge and at the same time to have the human benefits of small organizations. Things
like freedom, flexibility, creativity, and motivation. The reason I think that's possible is because
Information Technology has now reduced the cost of communication to such a low level that it's now
possible for huge numbers of people even in very large organizations to have enough information to
make sensible decisions for themselves instead of just following orders from someone above them who
supposedly knows more than they do in a management hierarchy.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about human freedom in business. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that this
change may be as important as the change to democracy. Also, he mentions that it is now possible
for the first time in human history to have the economic benefits. Lastly, the speaker believes that
people even in very large organizations have enough information to make sensible decisions. In
App to listen.
45. History of English (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
English, as you have already read, is not a pure language. I don't think there really are any pure
languages in the world. But English is definitely not a pure language. English, in fact, has borrowed
from over 350 languages in its history. So it's a variety of many languages. Some people say it’s like a
dog, a mongrel dog, a dog that has been made up of many different dogs. The English language is like
that. By looking at the history of the English language we learn about the history of the English people.
The two things are closely connected. So, in fact, today we are not only learning about language but
we are learning about history. The fact that English has borrowed words from over 350 languages has
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been viewed differently throughout history. So for example in Shakespeare's time people were very
angry about words which were not, they thought, original English words – words which came from
other languages, they didn’t like them.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the English language's history. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes English
is definitely not a pure language, which has borrowed from many languages. Also, she mentions we are
not only learning about language but we are learning about history, which are closely connected.
Lastly, the speaker believes borrowed words have been viewed differently throughout history. In
App to listen.
46. Genetic Impact (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Since the discovery of DNA structure, people have believed that genes have an impact only on
people’s physical structure. However, the study of mapping of genes in 2001 found that there is a
genetic responsibility to human’s physical and psychological behaviors, which has changed the way we
understand our behaviors. Findings from behavioural genetic research have broadly impacted modern
understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour. The research on
genes has provided integrating information, and the findings can benefit biologists, psychologists and
neuroscientists. Qualitative research has fostered arguments that behavioural genetics is an
ungovernable field without scientific norms or consensus, which fosters controversy.
App to listen.
47. Sign Language (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So the topic for today is abstraction. And this is a very important layer of computer because you can't
do anything with a computer unless you have a symbolic system in place. Right. So we're talking about
the origin of symbolic systems. Language is a classic symbolic system. Apparently one theory for why
language evolved is that people communicated with sign language and with movement quite well for a
long time. And it turned out that they wanted to communicate even while they were doing things. So,
while they were trying to strangle the dinosaur, not the dinosaurs, the rhinoceros, they wanted to say
"Come help me" and they use sign language to do it. They had to let go of the rhinoceros and the
rhinoceros ran away. So you can see that it's a good idea to be able to do something with your hands
and be able to communicate at the same time. Hence there come words and language.
App to listen.
48. HTML (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well, the 90s came around and finally it clicked that normal people could get online, which hadn't
really clicked before. And the little trick that finally put it together was Tim Berners Lee HTML, so
thank you to the UK for providing the fellow who finally put the missing link in place. And then what
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happened in the 90s was this extraordinary outpouring of creativity and constructiveness from millions
and millions of people. There were millions of people making Web pages, creating content online,
creating social experiments, creating lessons—all sorts of things. And the first decade of the web took
place without much of a profit motive, without any particular charismatic figures driving it, without fear,
without a desire for an afterlife or any other religious gambits, without advertising, without any of the
traditional motivational schemes. It simply happened because people enjoyed it and it was a good idea.
App to listen.
49. Housing Price in Australia (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well, it’s like, why is Australian housing is so expensive? Essentially, it’s showing of how well the
Australian economy has been doing over the last 15 years. We have had 15 years more or less of an
uninterrupted economic growth during which average earning has been raised by close to 90 percent.
While over the course of that period, the standard variable mortgage rate has roughly halved. That
meant that the amount which a typical home buying household can afford to borrow under rules which
aren’t strictly applied as they used to be had more than doubled. Over the same period, rising
immigration in falling average household size has meant that the number of households looking for
accommodation has risen by about one and a half million. That’s around 200 thousand more than the
number of dwellings has increased by. So you have had a substantial increase in the purchasing power
of households. No net increase in the supply of housing enhance all that addition purchasing power
has gone into pushing up the price of housing.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about why Australian housing is so expensive. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes
that an uninterrupted economic growth is a main reason. Also, he mentions that the standard variable
mortgage rate has roughly halved. Lastly, the speaker believes that rising immigration in falling average
household leads to a substantial increase in the purchasing power of households. In conclusion, this
lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
50. Misuse of Drugs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
“But what are the dangers of keeping these drugs at home?” “There are a number of dangers.
Parents should know that leftover drugs are dangerous because they may be accidentally ingested by
children. Either adults don’t keep the bottles properly closed and stored or because even many kids
can sometimes open childproof lids. Patients may use the drugs after their expiration date. The
leftover drugs may be taken for the wrong reasons. For example, someone may have a viral infection
and self-prescribed to left over into microbial that was prescribed for a bacterial infection. But that
drug will have no effect as the viral infections. Drugs that are left over might be given to or taken by
someone else who may have a serious allergy to the medicine and who for that reason would not be
prescribed to medicine under the supervision of a physician. Finally, inappropriate use of drugs
promotes drug resistance if the drug is taken for the wrong indication, the wrong duration, or in the
wrong dosage. “Todd, what can people do about this how can the situation be improved?” “I think
physicians, patients and parents of patients can take steps to improve the situation. First of all,
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physicians should prescribe the drug only when appropriate, only in the correct amount and only for
the correct duration. Also, the physician must stress to the patient that the full course of the drug
must be taken. This is recommended even if symptoms resolved before the end of the prescription
and parents of children on antibiotics need to ensure they complete their course as well.”
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about inappropriate use of drugs. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that there
are a number of dangers of keeping drugs at home, like being accidentally ingested by children and
taken after expiration. Also, he mentions that leftover drugs may be taken for the wrong reasons.
Lastly, the speaker believes that inappropriate use of drugs promotes drug resistance. In conclusion,
App to listen.
51. Decline of Bees (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So various conclusions. Yes, bees are in decline. These declines are well-documented. They are real
and supported by good, strong scientific evidence, which is the only of these counts. The drivers of
decline on many varied depending on species. The effects of pollinator loss could be absolutely huge.
So is it a catastrophe? Not yet. But it could be. On the positive side, we are aware of the problem.
Awareness is being raised all the time and people are taking actions. Before fixing is missing, you can
recognize the problem. At least it's been done.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about bees in decline. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that these declines are
well-documented, supported by good, strong scientific evidence. Also, he mentions that the effects of
pollinator loss could be absolutely huge. Lastly, the speaker believes that awareness is being raised all
the time and people are taking actions. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
52. Change of body fat (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I would like to look at a recent survey conducted by Canadian researchers on diet. Total thirty-one
women volunteered in the survey. They've been told to participate in the exercise program without
changing their diet. After careful observation, the researchers actually found that some volunteers
experienced a body fat change after six months from the day they've started the experiment. The
finding further stated that some actually lost a significant amount of fat, which led to a decrease in
body mass. On the other hand, there were others who did not lose fat at all. So, I guess, the study
concludes that there must be two explanations. Those who did not lose weight must have eaten more.
And another factor is that it is because there are psychological reasons—not to believe in losing fat.
App to listen.
53. Memory (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
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There are two main categories. Explicit memory is a memory that can be intentionally and consciously
recalled. This is your memory of riding a bike and falling over the handlebars, and skinning your knee.
The other is implicit memory which is an experimental functional form of memory that cannot be
consciously recalled. This is your memory of how to ride a bike or how to balance. These are often not
tied to a visual memory, but more like muscle memory. Examples of implicit memory include using
language naturally, driving and reading, and answering multiple questions in the test. Let’s look at
explicit and implicit memory in a little more detail, and see how age influences these. It is an
experimental or functional form of memory. Explicit memory consists of a great deal of highly personal
memories related to time, space and people. It is totally different from implicit memory. Now, if we look
at the examples of explicit memory, it includes remembering people’s birthdays and answering multiple
questions in a test.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about two main categories of memory. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that
explicit memory can be intentionally and consciously recalled. Also, he mentions that implicit memory
is an experimental functional form of memory that cannot be consciously recalled. Lastly, the speaker
believes that explicit memory consists of highly personal memories related to time, space and people.
In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
54. Einstein (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
For thousands of years, philosophers and astronomers and thinkers of all sorts have imagined that the
universe, the space around us was rather like this floor in front of us. It was fixed and unchangeable
and things happen on it, just as people walk around. So the stars, the comets, and the planets, and
the other heavenly bodies moved around and traced down their parts on this completely unchanging
stage of space. In the 20th century, as the result of Einstein’s work, that view of the universe was
completely transformed. We began to understand that there was no absolutely fixed stage of space at
all on which all celestial notions were played out. But in some sense on the larger scale in the
universe, the space itself was in this state of a continuous dynamic change. That was a prediction
made by Einstein, but wasn't Einstein held the honor of making the discovery that the universe was
really like that.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the transformation of views of the universe. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes that for thousands of years the universe and space was thought to be fixed and
unchangeable. Also, he mentions that in the twentieth century there was no fixed stage of space
based on Einstein's theory. Lastly, the speaker believes that the space was in a dynamic change. In
App to listen.
55. Stanford Management (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
My name is Bob Joss, I'm the dean of the Business School at Stanford University. On behalf of
everyone from Stanford, we welcome you to this conference on education leadership. This is
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something relatively unheard of in higher education. I think it’s where the business school gets
together with the education school and talks about education leadership. The other purpose of
Stanford University is to promote learning. The purpose of each school is for education to promote
learning about education and for the business school to promote learning about management. Most of
the world's business services are delivered by management institutions that are for-profit manage
institutions and not-for-profit manage institutions. We rely on management institutions that are
chosen instruments in our society to get things done and implement services, particularly educational
services, which are done generally by people on their own. However, they must realize that it is their
own responsibility to achieve and accomplish, what others can do does not indicate what you are
capable of. We want to make sure that here at Stanford, we're not only delivering the services but
demonstrating them, too.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about education leadership. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the other purpose
of Stanford University is to promote learning. Also, he mentions most of the world's business services
are delivered by management institutions that are for-profit manage institutions and non-for-profit
manage institutions. Lastly, the speaker believes they must realize that it is their own responsibility to
achieve and accomplish. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
56. Brand Image (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Consumers are the core section of any business. In fact, the whole concept of any business is
surrounded by the behavior of consumers. And the values of consumer is a crucial factor. Now, we
have to understand a consumer is not to be taken likely. He knows what product he wants. Consumers
are extremely smart. They could make decisions about price and value of products in minutes or
sometimes in few seconds. So, a business therefore needs to uplift its brand image. Consumers are
willing to pay 15 more for quality products. However, the conflict starts when manufacturers failed to
meet the expectations. This lies in the basic fundamental of engineering in designing a product.
Consumers want products to be softest. But at the same time, they also want product like toilet
papers to be light and strong, something which can be easily be torn. The brand Tide is really good
example. There was a problem of shaking the washing powder before being put into the machine as it
causes the damage of the material of the clothes. Tide had to made up to a lot of expectations for
consumers.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about consumers. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that consumers are the
core section of any business. Also, he mentions that we have to understand a consumer is not to be
taken likely. Lastly, the speaker believes that a business needs to uplift its brand image and the
conflict starts when manufacturers failed to meet the expectations. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
57. Agriculture and Urbanization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
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I am trying here to capture the dynamics that is conventionally being associated with urbanization
developments. And get back once again, to this question of agriculture. Once you have cities and you
also have the reverse of the cities, you have countryside. You have rural areas and have this
relationship with urban areas, and it needs to develop agricultural goods. And you trade with increasing
industrial goods. Increasing agriculture productivity, reduces labour needs and opportunities in the rural
areas, pushing people towards to the cities. There is this notion that in order to have progress and
development in cities, you need people. If everybody is busy in growing to crops, growing food that
exists, you can't have people all going into the city. You need to increased productivity in the
countryside. You need to have one farmer producing enough food for more than one family. And then
you will have growth and productivity in the countryside, which will free of people move to the cities. In
fact, in many ways, it will compel it. They will go to the cities and search for jobs and provide labour
force for the production of all kinds of things.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the dynamics of urbanization developments. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes that once you have cities you have countryside. Also, he mentions that it needs to
develop agricultural goods and trade with industrial goods. Lastly, the speaker believes that people go
to cities, search for jobs and provide labor force. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
58. Shakespeare's Poem (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Let's think about perhaps the top 10 things that people would like to know, ought to know about
Shakespeare if they're getting into his works. The first thing to say is that he did live quite along time
ago. He lived 400 years ago. So if you're reading Shakespeare or listening to Shakespeare, you're
listening to somebody whose language is not quite the language of our current. You're listening to
someone who was writing in a language which is a bit out of date for now. It needs a little bit of effort
to understand that language but the understanding will be done partly for you by the actors if you're
hearing it, or if you're seeing it performed. Another thing is that Shakespeare was a very great poet.
He wrote poems are at narrative poems and sonnets but he was also, and this is my third point, he
was also a great theatre poet. His poetry is dramatic poetry in the plays. He's not just writing static
poetry, lyric poetry in the plays, which is therefore declamation. He's writing dramatic poetry which
consists of interaction between the characters of the plays.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about top ten things about Shakespeare. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that
he did live a long time ago, 400 years, whose language is not our current one. Also, he mentions that
Shakespeare was a very great poet. Lastly, the speaker believes that his dramatic poetry consists of
interaction between the characters. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
59. Curator (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I am going to talk today mostly about what I do as a curator here at the National Museum of Australia
but I want to draw some generalities from that in terms of a series of curatorial practices, tools,
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techniques and methods that I think could be of interest to your students and to you in developing
extension history courses. I want to talk about what I do as a curator and then from that also talk a bit
about the kinds of history that I think museums are particularly good at creating and communicating. I
think this is something I would really like to discuss because it is not necessarily very well understood
is that I think museums, as Dave insisted by putting up my quote in his slide, create a very particular
kind of history. It’s not the kind of history that gets created in books or in dating films or in
compositions, it’s a very particular kind of history that grows out of the fact that museums are
centrally interested and defined by their collections. I should say that is not an uncontested view of
museums but it is certainly my view of museums. Curators try to understand material culture as an
evidence of other people’s lives as a means to try to understand other people - what they look like,
what they did, how they made a living, what they hoped for in their lives, how they tried to construct
their world and why they made particular choices. One way in which curators differ from other
historians is therefore in terms of how we interrogate the past, what elements we use to communicate
the past. Most academic historians are trained very much in the discipline of words and they
concentrate on words still today, although it is changing a little bit. If you go through university history
primarily you are encouraged to draw on things like archival accounts, manuscripts and now oral
histories, and most of that work is actually promulgated in the form of books. There are also other
kinds of historians. Obviously, filmmakers and photographers concentrate on creating images of the
world and arranging them in meaningful sequences, but curators attend to objects. We look at objects
as evidence of the past and try to arrange objects in meaningful ways called exhibitions.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about what he does as a curator at the museum. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes it is a particular kind of history that grows out of the fact that museums are centrally
interested and defined by their collections. Also, she mentions academic historians are trained in the
discipline of words. Lastly, the speaker believes there are other kinds of historians. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
60. Argument Construction (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于how to construct argument。 you should have a thesis, most important part of
paper and provide points for readers and yourself. Firstly, think carefully before writing. Your points
should be debatable and supportable, not something already known by others.
61. New Zealand (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is my next contribution to New Zealand's super diverse future. The status quo is not sustainable.
Super diversity stocktake, which I will talk to you about now, is designed to help us to adapt to a super
diverse New Zealand to make sure that we fit for the future. Because New Zealand is super diverse
right now, predominately in Auckland but actually throughout New Zealand. Here we're already 50%
Māori Pasifika and Asian, 44% are not born in New Zealand. And we have over 200 ethnicities. Now
the definition academically of super diversity is 25% not born in New Zealand, a hundred ethnicities.
So we are almost double that number already. And Auckland will continue to become younger and
browner as the Anglo-Saxon population ages and shrinks. So the mega trend here is not age and the
myth. The mega trend here is not urbanization. The mega trend is demography. It's ethnicity and we
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need to get our head around that because most of the benefits from super diversity that we as a
country are enjoying at the moment, such as greater innovation productivity and investment increase
New Zealand's financial capital whereas most of the challenges from super diversity adversely affect
New Zealand's social capital. However if you don't mitigate the challenges to your social capital, you
are not going to maximize sustainably the diversity dividend benefits for your financial capital.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about New Zealand's super diverse future. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes
New Zealand is super diverse right now, predominately in Auckland but actually throughout New
Zealand. Also, she mentions the mega trend is demography and ethnicity. Lastly, the speaker believes
if you do not mitigate the challenges to your social capital, you are not going to maximize the diversity
dividend. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
62. Laundry History (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The evolution of the washing machine, as demonstrated in this barn, is a representative example of
this changing domestic life. For many centuries, sailors used to place their clothing in a cloth bag, tie
the bag to a rope and throw it overboard, letting the ship drag it for hours. The principle was simple:
force water through the clothes to remove the dirt. But in the household before running water and
electricity, washing clothes took a staggering amount of labor. To wash, boil and rinse a single load of
clothes could take 50 gallons of water, which had to be hand carried from a pump or well. Hand-
wringing, rubbing and lifting the clothes could expose women to caustic substances in the soaps. The
whole process for a household's laundry could take an entire day or more of backbreaking labor. In
1846, a patented washing machine imitated the human hand moving cloth over a washboard, by using
a lever to rub the clothes between two rib surfaces. This machine was sold in the U.S. as late as 1927.
The first electric clothes washers, in which a motor rotated the tub, were introduced into America
about 1900.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the history of household laundry. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the
evolution of the washing machine represents the changing domestic life. Also, he mentions washing
clothes took a staggering amount of labor and expose women to caustic substances. Lastly, the
speaker believes the first electric clothes washers were introduced into America in about 1900. In
App to listen.
63. Description (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today, we'll discuss about abstraction, commonly known as description. There are two methods of
description. These are symbolic language and body language. The abstraction is an important part for
developing a computer. This is originated from the symbolic system in the computer system. The origin
of symbolic system was developed when people try to communicate with each other. The symbolic
language took communication to wider people and popularity group. The other part of abstraction is
the body language. People accepted body language as well. The physical movement facilitates the
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development of sign language, which popularly became hand words.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about abstraction, commonly known as description. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes that these are symbolic language and body language. Also, she mentions that the origin of
symbolic system was developed when people try to communicate with each other. Lastly, the speaker
believes that the physical movement facilitates the development of sign language, which popularly
became hand words. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
64. Wildlife as Food (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
In my view, it's impossible not to talk about wildlife, and not think about its role in livelihood. And I
guess part of that is my own view, part of the research that I do in Africa. In most Eastern West
Africa, I look at the role. All the humans rely on wildlife as the source of food, and also the source of
income. And we talk about our wildlife, if we talking about fish, we are talking about what is probably
the single most important source of protein for human that across the globe. And, so, billions of, or
more than a billion of people rely on fish as their primary source of animal protein, and most of these
people living in poverty. So the management of fish resource of wildlife in that sense causing incredibly
important to livelihoods and health. And also, wildlife tourism is the multiple billion dollars' industry, and
in many places, such as Africa, South America, it can be the No.1 source of income. It can be the
No.1 source of foreign income for economies.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about wildlife as food. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that in most of Africa,
all the humans rely on wildlife as the source of food. Also, he mentions that more than a billion of
people rely on fish as their primary source of animal protein. Lastly, the speaker believes that wildlife
tourism is the multiple billion dollars' industry. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
65. Ugly Building (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
It seems to me that architecture is very much something that causes us both pleasure and trouble. I
live in the part of western London where I think many of the streets are, where I live are really really
ugly, and this distresses me every time I walk to a supermarket or walk to a tube. I think why did they
built that and with terribly without architecture. It last so long, and if you write a bad book or do a bad
play, you know, I will be shocked when it be showed and then no one would suffer. A bad building has
a serious impact for, could be hundreds of years on the people around it. And suppose the book arose
a little bit from the frustration, almost anger than there is so much bad architecture around. And then I
realize if you talk about architecture, you will say why building are not more beautiful. Then you will say
I can use such word as "beauty", that's a really arrogant word. And no one knows what beautiful is. It's
all in the eye of beholder. I couldn't help but think that actually. Well, you know that we all attempt to
agree that Rome is nice than Milkykings, and San Francisco has the edge of Frankfurt, so we can
make that sort of generalization, surely they are something we can say about why a building work or
why it doesn't. So the book's really attempt to suggest why architecture works when it does and what
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might be going to be wrong when it doesn't work.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about architecture's emotional impacts. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that a
bad building has a serious impact for hundreds of years on the people around it. Also, he mentions
that no one knows what 'beautiful' is. Lastly, the speaker believes that the architecture works when it
does and might be going to be wrong when it doesn't work. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
66. Industrial Revolution (B) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Through the 1950s and into the 1960s, the idea of the Industrial Revolution was that it was the work of
some genius inventors who created machines used primarily in the textile industry but also in mining
that eliminated blocks to assembly line production. Then everybody was crowded into factories and the
new brave world opened up. In fact, one of the most interesting books and great classics that is still in
print was written by an economic historian at Harvard who's still alive called David Landes. It's a good
book called The Unbound Prometheus, which was basically that. Some of the inventions that I briefly
describe in your reading, the spinning Jenny, etc, refer to that. Well, and that kind of analysis led one
to concentrate on England where the Industrial Revolution began, and to view industrialization as
beginning a situation of winners and losers by not going as fast. Now, that analysis has been really
rejected greatly over the past years, because Industrial Revolution is measured by more than simply
large factories with industrial workers and the number of machines. This is the point of the beginning
of this. The more that we look at the Industrial Revolution, the more that we see that the Industrial
Revolution was first and foremost an intensification of forms of production, of kinds of production that
were already there. And thus, we spend more time looking at, you know, the intensification of artisanal
production, craft production, of domestic industry, which we've already mentioned, that is people
mostly women but also men and children, too, working in the countryside. The rapid rise of industrial
production was very much tied to traditional forms of production.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the Industrial Revolution. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes it was the
work of some genius inventors who created machines used primarily in the textile industry. Also, he
mentions that that analysis has been really rejected greatly over the past years. Lastly, the speaker
believes that the rise of industrial production was very much tied to traditional forms of production. In
App to listen.
67. Internet (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点: Internet was invented by people who were good at programming, and people keep
optimizing it for different purposes. So Internet has been growing organically. Internet can achieve
many things but has advantages and disadvantages. Email system was designed by graduate students
and researchers who know and trust each other. Initially, Email system didn't take security into
consideration because there was no suspicion between internet users at that time. Using email needs
trust between the senders and the receivers as the authentication process was not originally built in
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this system.
68. Architecture Design (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Architecture design is important to buildings. In the Victoria era, architects designed buildings
based on bricks and other materials. The design of floors was based on lighting as it will not only
affect appearance but also health conditions. In the 20th century, many buildings with design flaws
were demolished or modified through a natural selection process, though it's argued to be unfair for
the buildings.
69. IT Development (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The history of software is of course very very new. And the whole IT industry is really only 67 years old
which is extraordinary and to be so close to the birth of a major new technology, a major new
discipline is quite remarkable given where we got to in those 67 years. And the progression has been
not so much a progression as a stampede because Moore's Law, the rapid expansion in the power of
computing and the rapid fall of the cost of computing and storage and communications has made it
feasible for information technology to move into all sorts of areas of life that were never originally
envisaged. What has happened is that there has been as | said a stampede for people to pick the
low-hanging fruit. And that is what's guided the development of software and information technology
over the past decades and continues to do so with a number of consequences that we will explore.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the development of IT industry. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that it
is really only 67 years old. Also, he mentions the rapid expansion in the power of computing and the
rapid fall of the cost of computing. Lastly, the speaker believes that that is what has guided the
development of software and information technology over the past decades. In conclusion, this lecture
App to listen.
70. The Republic (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Why should we read the Republic? I image lots of students asked this question to me when they're
given it as a set book at the beginning of their university course, but in fact there are many good
reasons to read the Republic. And first one I would pick on is just that it is immensely readable. It's not
Plato did not write philosophy like a dry text book. He wrote it like a living conversation. The whole of
the Republic which is fairly fat book is a living conversation written in short almost soundbite type
answers, but nevertheless, developing some very important ideas so my first answer then we should
read the Republic just because it is readable. It is readable it was written by a genius and it's worth
reading. It's easy to read. It's not difficult. But then there's also obviously the thoughts, the content of
the book and he's asking this absolutely fundamental question why should we bother to be good,
what's in it for us effectively. It seems when we look at the world, it looks as though injustice pays. It
looks as though crime pays or as the good people get trodden down. So, Plato addresses this
absolutely fundamental question why should we be good. I'm not going to tell you his answer. Read the
book.
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Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the Republic. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that in fact there are
many good reasons to read the Republic. Also, he mentions that there are also obviously the thoughts,
the content of the book. Lastly, the speaker believes that Plato addresses this absolutely fundamental
question why should we be good. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
71. Language Acquisition (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Child language acquisition, three little words. So let's take them on at a time. Child, when to start
being a child? For many people, language acquisition starts around about twelve months when kids say
that first word, but don't forget the first year. At the first year, our first year of life is very important as
well and indeed before you are born, remember there are couple of months before you are born, when
you actually able to perceive in the womb, something of the language that's around you. So language
acquisition starts earlier than most people think. And it also ends later than most people think. When
does child language acquisition stop? Well, in a sense, you know, we are all children, we stay being
children all in our lives. There is no obvious endpoint for learning sounds, of course, there is for
learning grammar, there is for vocabulary, huh. I mean that goes on for the rest of our lives in million
or more words in English. Most of us only have a vocabulary of 50, 60, 70 thousand words, whatever it
is until there is always something to learn. So remember that two ends of child language acquisition
are wider apart than some people think. That means there is more scope for studying in it than most
people think.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about child language acquisition. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that
language acquisition starts around about twelve months when kids say that first word. Also, he
mentions that language acquisition starts earlier than most people think. Lastly, the speaker believes
that two ends of child language acquisition are wider apart than some people think. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
72. Definition of Risk (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
What's the literal definition of "risk"? Business schools use risk analysis. So, what do you mean by
"risk", and we need a dictionary. When you look at dictionary, this is literal, literal definition of risk.
What it says is, the definition for example, the possibility of injury, a dangerous element or factor,
chance of, degree or possibility of such loss, and so on. So, risk has two parts, as you look at the
literal definition of risk. One part is the consequence of some kind of particular danger, hazard loss.
And the other is about the probability, of it: chance and consequence, OK? And then at least just as
English language concerns, when you look up the word of safe and safety, which you'll earn as, it's a
little bit of a loop, a little circular argument that free from harm or risks, secure from danger, harm or
loss, the condition of being safe and so on for all. And why we take out of it? At least when we talk
about safe at least in English language, we are talking absolute something is safe, or it sounds safe.
Answer:
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This lecture mainly talks about the literal definition of risk. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes risk has two
parts, the consequence of particular danger and the probability. Also, he mentions it is a little bit of a
loop, a little circular argument that free from harm or risks. Lastly, the speaker believes when talking
about 'safe', we are talking something safe, or sounding safe. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
73. Population Change (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: There are three types of changes happening in population. The first one is the change in
population density, which means more and more people are living in urban areas. The second change
is found in population distribution because migration patterns have changed. The third one is the
change in aging structure as women have less children, which leads to serious aging problem. There
will be as many old people as young people on this planet.
74. Telescope (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The aperture of a telescope is several times larger than the aperture of human eye so that the
objects that can not be normally seen by unaided eye can be seen. Light-gathering power of a
telescope is proportional to the area of its aperture and hence depends on the square of the radius of
the mirror. Therefore, a 20 cm diameter telescope collects four times more photons than a 10 cm
diameter telescope. A telescope can be equipped to record light over a long period of time, by using
photographic film or electronic detectors such as photometers or CCD detectors while the eye has no
capability to store light. A long-exposure photograph taken through a telescope reveals objects too
faint to be seen with the eye, even by looking through the same telescope. A third major advantage of
large telescopes is that they have superior resolution, the ability to discern fine detail. Small resolution
is good. The resolution is directly proportional to the wavelength being observed and inversely
proportional to the diameter of the telescope.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about telescope. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the aperture of a
telescope is several times larger than the aperture of human. Also, he mentions that a telescope can
be equipped to record light over a long period of time. Lastly, the speaker believes that large
telescopes have superior resolutions, the ability to discern fine detail. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
75. Human Minds (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So the pace, at which human minds have evolved over the last half million years and more recently
the last 200,000 years, has been so frighteningly rapid that the evolution of cognitive function and
perception can only occur in a small number of genes. If one needed to adapt dozens of genes
changes in concert, in order to acquire the penetrating minds that we now have, which our ancestors
5,000 years ago didn't have, the evolution could not have taken place, it could not have occurred so
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quickly. And for that reason alone, one begins to really suspect that the genetic differences between
people who lived 5,000 years ago is evidence that the difference between their cognitive functions and
ours is not actually as large. Therefore, a rather small number of genes may be responsible for the
powerful minds that humans have which most of us now possess.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the human minds. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the human
minds have evolved over the last half million years. Also, she mentions that if one needed to adapt
dozens of genes changes the evolution could not have taken place. Lastly, the speaker believes that a
rather small number of genes, maybe responsible for the powerful minds. In conclusion, this lecture is
very informative.
App to listen.
76. Traveling&Transport in Paris (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：语速较快。 There are thousands of trips and too many travelers every day in Paris. The
transportation network in Paris provides thousands of public services and links them together. A good
network can help people with long-distance or multidestination trips. In cities with high-density
population such as Paris, people would better carefully plan their journeys before travel to reduce the
density of commuters at the same time.
77. Government Tricks (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I suppose it's the truism to point out that citizens need to be well informed. Maybe it's something we
take for granted in our liberal western democracies. But there will be plenty of societies, well, that is
run counter to explicit government policy. Many areas of the world still suffer from the reverie of the
deliberate missing information. Governments, especially the unelected ones, but also some elected
ones, have denied the events that have ever taken place. They pretend that other events did take
place. They would help spin what they cannot deny. Ensure they've used every trick of the book, to
pull the eyes of the world, and in an attempt to cover up their mistakes.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about citizens being well informed. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that it is
something taken for granted in western liberal democracies. Also, he mentions that many areas of the
world still suffer from the reverie of the deliberate missing information. Lastly, the speaker believes
that governments would help spin what they cannot deny. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
78. Youth Communities (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The research on a wide range of young students and people aged 3~25 is about how they
participate in their communities, how they form values with character education and what influence
them most. The outcomes involve parents, friends, school and siblings, and researchers figure out
which factors are essential and more important than others. National policy makers are interested in
the research and contacted the lecturer.
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79. Human Rights (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The Human Rights Act can be seen as far-reaching, some would argue controversial in the UK’s
history of rights. At the same time, it can be described as a somewhat cautious document that
provides the starting point for a wider application of law to rights. In many ways, the freedom
protections contained in the Human Rights Act were not new to people in the UK. The Act puts into
UK law most of the clauses of the European Convention on Human Rights. The convention itself was
devised following the end of the Second World War by the Council of Europe. UK law has played a
significant role in the drafting of the Convention and the UK was among the first governments to ratify
the convention in 1951. Rights are sometimes described as being of a positive or a negative nature.
That’s to say some can be expressed as a right to and others as freedom from. The 1998 act puts
into place 15 specific rights and freedoms which include rights to liberty and security, a free trial, free
expression, free elections and the right to marry and found a family. There are also freedoms from
torture, from slavery or forced labor and from discrimination on grounds such as race, sex, religion,
political opinion or social origin. The Human Rights Act has been described as the start of a process.
The act itself does not expand on the provisions made by the European Convention which some would
consider is following a baseline or a minimum standard for human rights.
Answer:
The Human Rights Act in the UK is far-reaching, controversial, and somehow a cautious document.
UK signed the European Convention to protect human rights in 1951. Afterwards, the Human Rights
Act 1998 sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to. Lastly,
the speaker believes the European Convention is following a baseline or a minimum standard for
human rights. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
80. Welsh (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Welsh is a Celtic language spoken in Wales by about 740,000 people, and in the Welsh colony in
Patagonia, Argentina by several hundred people. There are also Welsh speakers in England, Scotland,
Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. At the beginning of the 20th century about half of the
population of Wales spoke Welsh as an everyday language. Towards the end of the century, the
proportion of Welsh speakers had fallen to about 20%. According to the 2001 census 582,368 people
can speak Welsh, 659,301 people can either speak, read or write Welsh, and 797,717 people, 28% of
the population, claimed to have some knowledge of the language. According to a survey carried out by
S4C, the Welsh language TV channel, the number of Welsh speakers in Wales is around 750,000, and
about 1.5 million people can 'understand' Welsh. In addition, there are an estimated 133,000 Welsh-
speakers living in England, about 50,000 of them in the Greater London area.
Answer:
Welsh is a Celtic language spoken in Wales and many other countries, including Canada and USA. The
proportion of people speaking Welsh decreased from half to 20% over the 20th century. According to
a census 750,000 people use Welsh and 28% of the population have some knowledge of the language.
In conclusion, the number of Welsh speakers has a positive prediction.
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App to listen.
81. Australian Transportation (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：⼥声演讲，很清晰。因为⼈⼝问题以及⼈们居住地和⼯作地的远近，澳⼤利亚⼈⼤部分都开
⻋，只有20%不开⻋，⽐如⼩孩、⽼⼈和残疾⼈。澳洲的公共交通设施在偏远地区没有那么完善。政府为这
些⼈提供更好的公共交通。最后⼀句好像是But it still has some big impact。 Australian living patterns
need cars as most Australians live in countryside and it will be inconvenient for them to work without a
car. Only 20% of people in Australia cannot drive, mainly the elderly, young students or the disabled.
Thus, Australian government should pay more attention to those who do not drive. Australian public
transportation system in rural areas is not yet satisfactory, but it may lead to other problems.
82. Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Globalization is an overused and often misunderstood concept. We hear it all the time on news
broadcasts and in any type of public discussion. But the starting point for understanding globalization
is that it is industries and markets that globalize, not countries. That's why it's helpful to think of
globalization as 'the integration of economic activities across borders'. But why does globalization
matter? I would argue globalization matters because it means the rise of interconnectedness between
countries and markets across the world. For example, one of the reasons why the financial crash of
2007/2008 was so serious was because the financial and banking systems of countries around the
world have become so closely interconnected with the globalization of markets.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about globalization. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that we hear it all the
time on news broadcasts and in any type of public discussion. Also, he mentions that it is industries
and markets that globalize, not countries. Lastly, the speaker believes that it means the rise of
interconnectedness between countries and markets across the world. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
83. Vitamin D (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I'm going to start with Vitamin D today, and I think probably most of you know that vitamin D is called
the "sunshine vitamin". And it's called that because there is absolutely no dietary need for vitamin D if
you get adequate sunshine. And I think the real important words there is "if" because it turns out that
in certain climates which aren't near the equator, there's a big question as to whether or not you do
get adequate sunshine. So vitamin D really isn't actually a vitamin. It's a pro-hormone. When human
beings evolve, we evolved in tropical climates and ran around naked with plenty of skin exposure to
sunlight and so there was no dietary need for vitamin D at all. As humans migrated away from
equatorial regions, they actually created a need for vitamin D in food because the sunlight wasn't
adequate, I mean certainly, particularly during the winter months, it wasn't adequate at all.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes there
is no dietary need for vitamin D if people are exposed to adequate sunshine. Also, she mentions the
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migration away from equatorial regions created a need for it in food. Lastly, the speaker believes
during the winter months the sunlight is not adequate. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
84. Good Ideas (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于what is great idea，语速较慢。 To be a successful entrepreneur, you should have good
ideas, but the definition of a good idea varies depending on who you ask. A great idea should have
several features. Firstly, the great idea should be various and novel. Secondly, the great idea should
be unique, which means no one has thought about it. Thirdly, the great idea should be transformative
and productive.
85. Body Fat Experiment (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Now we would like to look at a recent survey conducted by Canadian researchers on diet. Total of 31
women volunteered in the survey. They have been told to participate in the exercise program without
changing their diet. After careful observation, the researchers found that some volunteers experience
body fat change after six months from the day they have started the experiment. The findings further
stated that some lost a significant amount of fat which leads to a decrease in body mass. On the
other hand, there were others who did not lose fat at all. The study concludes there must be two
explanations: those who did not lose weight must have eaten more and another factor is it is because
their psychological reason not to believe in losing fat.
App to listen.
86. Power Devolution (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well, that’s one aspect of what’s called, reducing government and modifying government, to be more
precise. Another aspect of it is what’s called “devolution”, reducing and moving governmental power
from the Federal to the State level. And that has a kind of a rationale which you hear all over the time
and place. Like, for example, there was an op-ed couple of weeks ago in the New York Times by John
Cogan, Hoover Institute at Stanford, who has pointed out what he called a philosophical issue that
divides the Democrats from the Republicans. The philosophical issue is that the Democrats believe in
big government and entitlements, and the Republicans believe in getting the power down closer to the
people, you know, to the States - cause they’re kind of populist types. Well, it takes about maybe
three seconds’ thought to realize that moving power down to the States, in funding and so on, is just
moving it away from the people, for a perfectly elementary reason: there’s a hidden part of the
system, of the power system, that you’re not supposed to know about, or think about, and that’s
private power.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about reducing and modifying government. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes
that another aspect was called the devolution, reducing and moving governmental power from federal
to the state level. Also, he mentions that the Republicans believe in getting the power down closer to
the people. Lastly, the speaker believes that a hidden part of the system is private power. In
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App to listen.
87. Mapping of Genes (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Mapping of genes was completed in 1920. Recent research has shown that genes can
determine not only humans' physical features, such as height, eye color and hair color, but also
psychological features, such as our behavior. Our research on genes can contribute to biology,
psychology, sociology and neuroscience, and provides some integrating information.
88. Big Bang (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
One of the most amazing things that have happened even in my lifetime is the prediction of
cosmology. When I started out forty-odd years ago, we thought we knew that the universe began a
big bang, some people doubted even then. We thought the universe was about ten or twenty billion
years old. But now for really very sound scientific reasons, we can say that the universe did start in a
Big bang and it’s 13.8 billion years old. So it’s not 14, it's not 13 because a decimal point in there and
that’s a stunning achievement to know that. And we also know that the laws of physics that apply to
tiny particles inside atoms also explains what happened in the big bang, you can’t have one without
the other. A very neat example of this is that when you apply nuclear physics, that kind of physics to
understand how stars work, you find out that the oldest star in the universe is about 13 billion years
old. So their universe is just a little bit older than the stars. Fantastic, if we done it and counted in the
other way around and said that the stars were older than the universe, we would say science was in
deep trouble. But it’s not, everything fits together and we know how the universe began, we got to
know how the way it is. The future that it ‘ll suspects we don’t know quite well what’s going, but we
got some ideas, which are as good as those ideas we had 40 years ago about how big bang
happened.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the prediction of cosmology. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the
universe did start in a big bang. Also, he mentions that the laws of physics that apply to tiny particles
also explain the big bang. Lastly, the speaker believes we got some ideas as good as those ideas we
had 40 years ago about how big bang happened. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
89. Recycling Water (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Why do we need to recycle water? Because we don’t generate much new water. Chemically the
process of generating water, which is basically taking hydrogen and oxygen and burning them to
produce water, is not a process that happens a lot anymore. So in terms of our total volume of water
in the world, yes it is changing, but it’s not changing significantly relative to the rate at which we are
using or demand fresh new water. Now there are a lot of different areas of technology involved in
water recycling, and we are later in the interview going to get to industrial use and the reclamation of
sewerage. What about in the home at the moment; what sort of technology is being utilized in the
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home when we talk about water recycling? Well very little on average. Typically in a modern home, we
turn on the tap, we take a glass of water, we probably in turning on that tap flush ten glasses of water
down the sink. We take a shower, we use fresh water, we do a whole range of things, and there is
nominally very little recycling of that. It goes down the drain and it goes off to a wastewater treatment
plant. There is actually very, very little recycling at a local level. People don’t actually say well I’m now
going to take the water I just used, put it through a sophisticated process and reuse it and have a
closed loop. It’s not a closed loop in the home.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about water recycling. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that chemically the
process of generating water is not a process that happens a lot anymore. Also, he mentions that there
are a lot of different areas of technology involved in water recycling. Lastly, the speaker believes that
there is nominally very little recycling of water used at home. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
90. Basic Vocabulary (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well an historical linguist compares languages at several levels. You start out looking for basic
vocabulary. All languages of the world, natural languages at least, have words for eye and head and
nose and ear and for sky and earth and for water, sand and for sibling, mother and father. They may
not have words for uncle and aunt. It becomes much vaguer because in one culture an aunt is
different when it comes from your father's side than from your mother's side. You don't include snow.
Most people know what snow is but in the tropics you don't have it. So you look for notions that are
totally comparable and that occur everywhere in the world. You can the hundred or two hundred most
universal notions in a human life, those which you call the basic vocabulary. So you take basic
vocabularies and languages that you think are related. You look for words that sound the same and
basically you're not fooled by a hundred per cent identical words but you are really looking for words
that sound the same.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about basic vocabulary. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that there are one
hundred or two hundred most universal notions in a human life, those that you call the basic
vocabulary. Also, he mentions that basically people are not fooled by identical words. Lastly, the
speaker believes that it is the regularity of the correspondences between sounds that are really
important. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
91. Separation of Power (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About the separation of power of the United States. In the three systems, the first one is
legislation, the second, the execution, and the third, judicial power. Legislative power means to make
laws, and executive power is to carry out laws by officers led by presidents, while judicial power is to
interpret laws. Nowadays, they clarify what they should do, but in the past, there was a blurry line
between any two of them.
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Points: 也是讲 design of building的，上来先说 design of the building is important，然后讲了⼀堆building
的设计什么floor啥的，有很多poor work也有好的，regional state的建筑挺好。然后 in the late 20
century, 许多建筑被推倒，我们根据建筑的 natural 特性和function 来决定它们是否 remain还是推倒。有
点蒙，听的不是很好,⾳频是中年⼥声，速度稍快。有⼤神可以回忆或者找到相似⾳频，我可以听听是不是。
93. Food Production (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于food production和food crisis。⾳频很短。 People will suffer food crisis in the next 30 years
until 2030. We should double our production.
94. Negative Emotions (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The utility of negative emotions…… The negative things such as fears promote evolutions and
help people to survive. The positive things we are frequently to experience but it is limiting. However,
the negative, emotions are less frequently but very intensive.
95. Time Machine (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Seemly about telescope, but not heard in the lecture. Some device can measure speed and
see things from far away. But there are some bad things regarding universe (like, too far to see it
clearly) . But we don't have time machine. Key words: can observe fossil evidence, 8-dimensions, long
distance objects, fast speed, get away from the past, look into(?) universe, in folding.
96. Roman Building (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
But you can see from the relatively crooked and narrow streets of the city of Rome as they look from
above today. You can see that again, the city grew in a fairly ad hoc way, as I mentioned. It wasn’t
planned all at once. It just grew up over time, beginning in the eighth century B.C.. Now this is
interesting because what we know about the Romans is when they were left to own devices and they
could build the city from scratch, they didn't let it grow in an ad hoc way. They structure it in a, in a
very care, very methodical way. That was basically based on military strategy, military planning. The
Romans they couldn’t have conquered the world without obviously having a masterful military
enterprise and everywhere they went on their various campaigns, their various military campaigns.
They would build, build camps and those camps were always laid out in a very geometric plan along a
grid, usually square or rectangular. So, when we begin to see the Romans building their ideal Roman
city, then turn to that so call castrum or military camp design.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Rome. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the streets of the city of
Rome were not planned all at once. Also, she mentions that the Romans structured it in a methodical
way, based on military strategy. Lastly, the speaker believes that they would build camps, always laid
out in a very geometric plan along a grid square or rectangular. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
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97. Climate and Crops (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Now we spend a lot of time thinking about how climate will affect crops. But crops affect climate
themselves and they do this in two ways. First of all, about one-quarter of the land surface is used for
growing crops. Another 10-15 % are used for pasture. So a substantial amount of the land surface is
used in crop and agricultural production. And how we used that land affects our climate? If we were,
for example, to deforest a substantial area and replace it with a natural crop such as soybean. Then
we would alter the characteristics of the land surface, alter the way that water and heat flows from
the land surface to the atmosphere and back. And ultimately change the regional climate change if
there is a large enough change the land surface. So this is an absolutely fascinating topic and one
that’s really quite difficult to understand because of the complexity. It’s difficult because it needs us
as crops scientists to work even more closely with our climate scientist, colleagues. And it’s difficult
because we have to join our models together.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about climate and crops. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes crops affect climate
themselves and they do this in two ways. Also, he mentions this is an absolutely fascinating topic and
one that's really quite difficult to understand because of the complexity. Lastly, the speaker believes it
needs us as crops scientists to work even more closely with our climate scientist. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
98. Globalization and Detraditionalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So, I think you all know what I mean by globalization, don’t you? This is the idea that we all live in a
global village. With instant communications, we can share ideas, and consume cultural artifacts from
countries all over the world, just by going into the Internet and all dream up, basically. The world is
shrinking. In terms of speeds, it is accelerating, but in terms of distance, it’s shrinking. What do I mean
by detraditionalization? I mean the disappearance or the erosion, for the better word to use, the
erosion of traditional cultures, of conventional ways of doing things, of conventional moralities. More
and more young people around the world are rejecting the culture they grow up in, and it’s probably a
little bit cruel. But some imitating a Hollywood model of society, rather than the one which they inherit
from their local tradition background. OK?
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about globalization. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that we all live in a global
village with instant communications, by which we can share ideas. Also, he mentions that the world is
shrinking in terms of distance. Lastly, the speaker believes that detraditionalization means the erosion
of traditional cultures, conventional ways of doing things, and conventional moralities. In conclusion,
App to listen.
99. Earthquake and Fault (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So, faults are breaks in the earth's crust. We can identify them because of the discontinuity in the
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structure within the earth crust across faults. And earthquakes occur on these faults, so varied
processes by which these faults move to a large extent is due to earthquakes. So, we have a fault
plane and the earthquake is so focused on this fault plane. And the earthquake starts at the particular
point on the fault plane and we call that the focus of the earthquake. The rupture propagates out
from that point on the rupture plane to cover the entire fault plane. The rupture is in that particular
earthquake. We talked about the epicenter of the earthquake a lot. The epicenter is just the surface
projection of the focus of the earthquake. So, if you wanted to look at map view where the earthquake
was located, we would be able to look that into the earth. We would see the focus down some depth
in the earth or the epicenter just a point vertically above that focus at the surface of the earth. So,
this is the relationship between the faults and the earthquakes.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about faults in the earth crust. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that these
faults move to a large extent are due to earthquakes. Also, he mentions that the epicenter is just the
surface projection of the focus of the earthquake. Lastly, the speaker believes that we would see the
focus down some depth in the earth. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
100. Talent War（B） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I think there is an intense competition at the moment to hire the most talented and most intellectually
able people. There is a time when I think companies have many of the adventures in the world. That
involves the companies' world. It was the bosses' world. Now I think it reverses the case. We have a
shortage in talent base within countries and between countries, have an intense battle between
companies to hire the most talented workers and also between countries, which are looking to recruit
talented young people, talented young immigrants. We have this sense of immigrants being things that
countries are battled to keep out, and immigrants want to get in, climb of the walls. I think the
opposite isn't that the case. And the topic is that countries are trying to lure bright young people to
get them to go to universities and get them to become immigrants. So, on many levels, talent is a
premium. There is a shortage of talent, and so countries, companies, all sorts of organizations, of
course, volunteer organizations as well as, are competing to hire the best and the brightest. You know
we have a baby-boom population which is aging. We have an economy which is becoming more
sophisticated. And so, for all those sorts of reasons, talent is a premium.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about an intense competition. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that we have a
shortage in talent base within countries and between countries. Also, she mentions that on many
levels, for all those sorts of reasons, talent is a premium. Lastly, the speaker believes that we have an
economy which is becoming more sophisticated. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
101. Canned Food (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
One of the things that was going on during the Great Depression was the beginning of this sort of
modern food technology that rules, you know, the way Americans eat today. That is there are a lot of
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canned foods were being - coming onto the market at the time. And also, refrigerators were really
becoming very, very popular during the Great Depression, both in cities and in rural parts of the
country. Thanks to electrification, the Rural Electrification Administration, people could buy appliances.
You know, farmers could buy appliances. And that meant frozen foods were becoming big. And, you
know, at that time, few people could afford to buy them during the early years of the Great
Depression. But, you know, gradually, these things picked up. And so this was, like, the sort of
beginning of the era when people were starting to think about supermarkets with rows and rows of
freezer cases and rows and rows of canned foods.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about canned food. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes one of the things going
on during the Great Depression was the beginning of this sort of modern food technology ruling the
way Americans eat today. Also, he mentions refrigerators were becoming popular. Lastly, the speaker
believes few people could afford to buy them during the early years of the Great Depression. In
App to listen.
102. Fight or Flight (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
To understand the Fight or Flight response it helps to think about the role of emotions in our lives.
Many of us would prefer to focus on our logical, thinking nature and ignore our sometimes
troublesome emotions, but emotions have a purpose. Our most basic emotions like fear, anger or
disgust are vital messengers: they evolved as signals to help us meet our basic needs for self-
preservation and safety. It would be dangerous to be indecisive about a threat to our survival so the
brain runs information from our senses through the most primitive, reactive parts of our brain first.
These areas of the brain control instinctive responses and they don't do too much thinking. This more
primitive part of our brain communicates with the rest of our brain and our body to create signals we
can't ignore easily: powerful emotions and symptoms.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about fight or flight. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes it helps to think about
the role of emotions. Also, he mentions our most basic emotions like fear, anger or disgust are vital
messengers. Lastly, the speaker believes this more primitive part of our brain communicates with the
rest of our brain and body to create signals we can't ignore easily. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
103. Wilson (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Wilson came from a different world. And he became the focal point of a board mainstream. American
culture that thought that modern literature and wanted modern literature to be able to be read and
appreciated by ordinary people. They were not modernists in an abstract sense. And certainly, some of
them like TS Eliot and Faulkner were too difficult for some of their writings to be read by ordinary
people. But this was a world before the division between the brows or between a lead or whatever had
established itself as a part of our consciousness. Wilson was a major player in the successful effort of
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his generation to establish at the heart of American life and innovative literature that would equal the
great cultures of Europe. And he knew that the great cultures of Europe were there. He was not a
product of a narrow American Studies kind of training at all. He joined a high artistic standard with an
openness to all experience and a belief that literature was as much of a part of life for everyone as
conversation. He thought the Proust and Joyce and Yeats and Eliot could and should be read by
ordinary Americans and helped that to happen. Wilson was a very various man. Over a period of
almost 50 years, he was a dedicated, a literary journalist, and an investigative reporter, a brilliant
memoirist, and dedicated journal keeper.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Wilson. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that he became the focal point
of a board mainstream. Also, he mentions that Wilson was a major player in the successful effort of
his generation to innovative literature that would equal the great cultures of Europe. Lastly, the
speaker believes that Wilson was a very various man. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
104. Indian Peasant Debt（2） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The debt today is so high, it’s two hundred thousand rupees, three hundred thousand rupees of
peasant who have no capital. They who know within a year or two, when they accumulate that kind of
debt. Where is the debt coming from? It's coming from a seed that is costing a hundred thousand to
two hundred thousand rupees per kilogram, depending on what you got. Seeds that used to be free,
used to be theirs. Pesticides each time, the more they use, the more they have to use, 12 sprays, 15
sprays, 20 sprays. Pesticides used in just the last five years in the land areas of India has shown up by
2000 percent. That’s why the free market and globalization have brought and since we are talking
about peasants, who have no money, who have no capital, they can only buy expensive seeds and
expensive pesticides by borrowing. And who lend that money? The seed companies that sell the
pesticides, which are the same companies that sell the seeds, as you know, are now also the major
creditors.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Indian peasant debt. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that it is three
hundred thousand rupees of peasants who have no capital. Also, she mentions that It is coming from a
seed that is costing a hundred thousand to two hundred thousand rupees per kilogram. Lastly, the
speaker believes the seed companies that sell the pesticides are the major creditors. In conclusion,
App to listen.
105. Vitamin D (2) (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Okay, to understand what Vitamin D does, we need to understand the central concept. The function
of Vitamin D is to maintain blood calcium. You probably think the function of Vitamin D is to maintain
strong bones and teeth. But it does that by accident. Its real function is to maintain your blood
calcium level in a very narrow range. And the reason for that is if your blood calcium level falls below
about 9 milligrams per 100 milliliters, then you're longing to be in a big trouble, and die rather quickly.
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And that's because blood calcium is important for muscle contraction and nerve transmission. And if
you don't have enough of it, you can't contract muscles normally.There can't be normal nerve
impulses. And this results in a disease called tetany, where you got these uncontrolled convulsions
followed by rapid death. Calcium is also important for enzymic activities and blood clotting.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Vitamin D, which maintains strong bones. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes that the function of Vitamin D is to maintain blood calcium. Also, she mentions that Its
real function is to maintain your blood calcium level in a very narrow range. Lastly, the speaker
believes that calcium is also important for enzymic activities and blood clotting. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
106. University Competition (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today a university like the LSE certainly has to acknowledge that it is in competition for the best
students, all of whom have choices they can exercise, and many of them choices which run across
national and continental borders. We are in competition, too, for staff. The academic job market is
one of the most global 25 there is. And in the 21st century English is the new Latin, so universities in
English speaking countries are exposed to more intensive competition than those elsewhere. We are in
competition for government funding, through the assessment of research quality. We are in
competition for research contracts, from public and private sector sources, and indeed we are in
competition for the philanthropic pound. Many of our own donors were at more than one university,
and indeed think of the LSEs requests alongside those of other charities to which they are committed.
That is a competitive environment which is particularly visible to a vice-Chancellor.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about university competition. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that universities
are in competition for the best students and staff. Also, he mentions that universities in English
speaking countries are exposed to more intensive competition than those elsewhere. Lastly, the
speaker believes that we are in competition for research contracts, from public and private sectors. In
App to listen.
107. Marshmallow Test (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
They call it the marshmallow test. A four to six year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table facing a
marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: "If you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both
it and a second one. Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. The
longer a child can resist the treat has been correlated with higher general competency later in life.
Now a study shows that ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate-it also highly influenced by
environment. Researchers gave five-year-old used crayons and one sticker to decorate a sheet of
paper. One group was promised a new set of art supplies for the project-but then never received it.
But the other group did receive new crayons and better stickers. Then both groups were given the
marshmallow test. The children who had been lied to waited for a mean time of three minutes before
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eating the marshmallow. The group that got their promised materials resisted an average of 12
minutes. Thus, the researchers note that experience factors into a child's ability to delay gratification.
When previous promises have been hollow, why believe the next one?
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the marshmallow test. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that kids on
average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. Also, he mentions that a study
shows the ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate. Lastly, the speaker believes that the
researchers note that experience factors into a child's ability to delay gratification. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
108. Krebs (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
This is Hans Krebs, who in 1937 published a paper showing the sequence of chemical reactions, by
which energy is released in individual cells. It is called the Krebs cycle, which some of you may
remember from your chemistry course in your high school. Krebs is a wonderful example to me of how
a scientist who is determined can overcome all kinds of human obstacles. Krebs’s father constantly
discouraged him and told him that he had just mediocre intelligence whenever to anything important in
his life, as a teenager. What Krebs remembers in his memoir, his father said to him "you can’t make a
silk purse at a sow's ear". And later on, when Krebs studied with the great biochemist Otto Warburg,
Warburg also told him the same thing. Not the same quote but that he had only mediocre ability and
would never be a great scientist. And we all hear about how important it is for parents to encourage
their children, but sometimes the children will go on to do great things no matter what we say to them.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Hans Krebs. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes Krebs published a paper
showing the sequence of chemical reactions, by which energy is released in individual cells. Also, he
mentions Krebs shows how a scientist can overcome all kinds of human obstacles. Lastly, the speaker
believes children will go on to do great things no matter what we say to them. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
109. Children Depression (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
A depression in a child dates back as far as the 16th century when the first concept of children's
depression was discovered. A research was taken at that time to find out what happened to children
who suffer from depression. The study revealed that a dramatic increase in children's depression can
increase the risk of life. For example, long-term illness such as diabetes and heart disease are caused
by depression. One of the studies shows children with depression behave differently and respond
differently to medical treatment. This is why many specialists respond differently to medical treatment.
This is why many specialists have tried bringing a cure but no one found a perfect medicine. It is quite
rare that children suffer from depression but in the recent study the number has dramatically
increased. Nowadays no one doubt about children's depression. It has become a common sickness in
a child. Children's depression is still a puzzle for scientists and specialists that needs to be resolved
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sooner than later.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about children's depression. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes children's
depression dates back as far as the 16th century when discovered. Also, she mentions a dramatic
increase in children's depression can increase the risk of life. Lastly, the speaker believes Children's
depression is still a puzzle that needs to be resolved sooner than later. In conclusion, this lecture is
very informative.
App to listen.
110. Smile of Mother (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Ever try to get a baby to smile? It can seem close to impossible—and then suddenly there it is: that
elusive, seemingly joyous grin. Well it turns out those smiles aren’t spontaneous—they’re strategic.
Researchers have found that when babies smile, it's for a reason. They want whoever they’re
interacting with—typically a parent—to smile back. And they time it just so, a smile here and a smile
there. The researchers call it sophisticated timing. The study is in the journal PLoS ONE. The
researchers enlisted real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell into four
categories. One: babies wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers. Two: they
wanted to maximize the time the mothers smiled at them. Three: they wanted to experience
simultaneous smiling, and four: no smiling at all. By studying when smiles happened and what the
subsequent effect was, the investigators were able to figure out that for mothers the goal 70 percent
of the time was to be smiling simultaneously—while for babies 80 percent of the time they just wanted
their mother smiling at them. So, mothers want the interaction, while babies just want to be smiled at.
So your baby may not be able to feed itself, talk or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles,
babies seem to know exactly what they're up to.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about babies' smiles. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes those smiles aren’t
spontaneous but strategic. Also, he mentions that when babies smile, they hope whoever they’re
interacting with to smile back, called sophisticated timing. Lastly, the speaker believes babies just want
their mother smiling at them. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
111. Children Literature (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
And I am the professor of children’s literature at Newcastle University and I want to write a very short
introduction to children’s literature because although here in Britain one of the longest and most
distinguished traditions of creating books for children, perhaps the longest and most distinguished in
the world. We often take them for granted and we don’t pay enough attention to what a remarkable
cultural resource they are for adults and kind of cultural work they do for children and the way that
they have served writers and illustrators as a cultural space for creativity subversion and opportunities
to experiment with new ideas. So what kind of cultural work the children’s books do? Well, at the level
of individual child, this is one of the places where children learn the vocabularies, get the vicarious
experiences, and see the images of the world that help them think about how the world works and
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where they fit into it, because children’s books are first places that children encounter these things
they are often very direct, as a source of information about what a particular period thinks including
what it thinks a child is, what a child needs to know, what childhood looks like, sometimes when we are
looking at children’s books from the past, it is very important to notice these kinds of children who
aren’t there, for instance. So that is one of the things that we have in children’s books.
App to listen.
112. Global Warming (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
There can now be no reasonable, science-based, doubt about the reality of global climate change
effects brought on by the cumulative and rapidly growing emission of so-called "greenhouse" gases -
primarily carbon dioxide - into the atmosphere. As these effects become increasingly more obvious
worldwide, so commercial interests, groups of concerned individuals and national governments have
been gripped by what amounts to mass panic about what to do about it. To many, Paul Ehrlich’s
Malthusian "Population Bomb" of 1968 appears about to explode in the world’s face in an indirect
version of his millenarian vision of population growth which outpaces agricultural production capacity -
with predictably catastrophic results for humanity. And his three-part crisis scenario does indeed seem
now to be present: a rapid rate of change, a limit of some sort, and delays in perceiving that limit.
Ehrlich’s work was roundly criticized at the time, and later, from many quarters, and much of what he
predicted did not come about. Nevertheless, can the world afford to take the risk that the climate
scientists have got it wrong? Is it not in everyone’s interests to apply the Precautionary Principle in
attempting to avoid the worst of their predictions - now, rather than at some future time? As the
Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Mr. Rajendra Pachauri, has recently
pointed out, eleven of the warmest years since instrumental records began have occurred in the past
twelve years, while major precipitation changes are taking place on a global scale.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about global climate change effects. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that
population growth outpaces agricultural production capacity, with predictably catastrophic results for
humanity. Also, she mentions that the three-part crisis scenario seems to be present. Lastly, the
speaker believes that eleven of the warmest years since instrumental records began have occurred in
the past twelve years. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
113. Monster (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
So, we were founded just over ten years ago, when I was in the Royal Academy, a Museum in the
centre of London, with my three children, at the Aztec exhibition. I don’t know if any of you saw it. I
had an older child and two younger children, twins, strapped in a pushchair, and one of my children,
three years old, shouted and I've never denied he shouted. He shouted, 'Monster, monster！’ at this
statue which looked just like a monster, had snakes for hair, a big beak for a nose. And, I thought, this
is fantastic I've got a three year old that's appreciating art how good can it get? So, I bent down and I
said, 'Yes, it looks just like a monster’ And, at that moment, a room warden came over, a gallery
assistant came over and said we were being too noisy, and threw us out. I was, at that time, a
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journalist with The Guardian newspaper, and two days later wrote a big piece in The Guardian about
being thrown out of the Royal Academy. What was really interesting was, by the end of that day, we
had had, at the paper, over 500 emails from other families saying, Museums aren’t working for us.
Let’s try and make it work. So, that’s what we did. In The Guardian, we set up a campaign. We called
it the Kids in Museums campaign, but it didn’t really exist. It was just a few pages. We ran loads of
stories on it; I began touring the country talking about how to make your museum family friendly; I was
a journalist. I was called in to see the then director of the National Gallery in London, and I'll never
forget this moment, when he called me in and said, 'We really like this Kids in Museums campaign, and
we’ve been talking on our board about it, and we have some ideas of how we might work together,
and I’d like you to take them back to your team.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the Royal Academy. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that they were
thrown out of the museum for her child's shouting. Also, she mentions in The Guardian, they set up a
campaign, called the Kids in Museums campaign, but it didn’t really exist. Lastly, the speaker believes
she began touring the country talking about how to make museums family friendly. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
114. Language Death (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Language death is not mainstream theatre. It is not mainstream anything. Can you imagine Hollywood
taking it on? It is so far outside the mindsets of most people that they have difficulty appreciating what
the crisis is all about, because they are not used to thinking more about language as an issue in itself.
Somehow we need to change these mindsets. We need to get people thinking about language more
explicitly, more intimately, more enthusiastically. Interest in language is certainly there, in the general
population – most people are fascinated by such topics as where words come from, or what the origin
of their town’s name is, or whether their baby’s name means anything; they are certainly prepared to
play Scrabble and a host of other language games ad infinitum; and language games are often found
on radio and television, too – but a willingness to focus that interest on general issues, a
preparedness to take on board the emotion and drama inherent in the situation of language
endangerment, is not something that happens much.
App to listen.
115. Citizenship Education (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Citizenship education is an important subject in schools as compared to the past. However, only 1/5 of
schools have such courses that provide student right skills and attitudes. In the past, people were
reluctant to teach. It is important for students in this changing world . There are still problems in
teaching this subject due to lack of commitment and lack of teachers to teach. Criticism about the
theory of citizenship education is ineffective, unless schools themselves reflected democratic
practices by giving children the opportunity to have a say over decision making. It suggests that
schools are fundamentally undemocratic institutions, and that such a setting cannot instil in children
the commitment and belief in democratic values that is necessary for citizenship education to have a
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proper impact. Citizenship education is one critical element, and students will acquire knowledge of
civics, including the principles of democracy and associated local, state and Australian government
structure and processes. In addition, students will also learn to participate responsibly and
cooperatively in community. Citizenship curriculum is very important for students, but it is neglected by
many schools. There are only 1/5 schools introduced this class to campus and allocated less time
than other subjects. Moreover, the professor pointed out if given enough time in citizenship
curriculum, it will be beneficial to improve student's skills and install positive attitude towards the
changing world and tackle the issues such as lack of leadership.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about citizenship education. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes it is an important
subject in schools as compared to the past. Also, he mentions that citizenship curriculum is very
important for students, but it is neglected by many schools. Lastly, the speaker believes it will be
beneficial to improve student's skills and install positive attitude towards the changing world. In
App to listen.
116. Market Economy (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Within most developed countries, notions of pragmatism, notions of the fact that we have
democracies, have succeeded in tempering the market economy. In the 19th century, 18th century,
the Industrial Revolution had a very negative effect on people, particularly working classes all over the
world. We see data where life expectancy was reduced, heights were reduced. We were looking at the
medical record. We can see that actually, living standards, much among large fractions of population,
actually went down. But eventually, we pass the legislation about working conditions. And eventually,
we circumscribe some of the worst kinds of behavior. We eventually, in the 20th century, we put
regulations that composed better environmental conditions. And so some of the damage was reversed,
and that we have made the market economy work in ways that the benefits of the all is far more what
we shared in the world a hundred years ago.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the market economy. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes within most
developed countries, notions of pragmatism have succeeded in tempering the market economy. Also,
he mentions that the industrial revolution had a negative effect on people, particularly working classes.
Lastly, the speaker believes in the 20th century, we put regulations that composed better
environmental conditions. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
117. Citizenship Development (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Last month I published alongside my annual report a subject report on the development of citizenship
in schools. The report celebrates the success of some schools in implementing the citizenship
curriculum. It praises those schools where there have been substantial developments in the subject,
and which now go a long way towards fulfilling national curriculum requirements. In the report we are
critical of schools which have not taken citizenship seriously, either through reluctance or lack of
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capacity to make appropriate provision in the curriculum. Citizenship is marginalised in the curriculum
in one fifth of schools. It is less well established in the curriculum than other subjects, and less well
taught and some critics have seized on this as a reason for wanting to step back from supporting
it.Yet, the progress made to date by the more committed schools suggests that the reasons for
introducing citizenship are both worthwhile and can be fulfilled, given the time and resources. Indeed,
those reasons are given added weight by national and global events of the past few months. While not
claiming too much, citizenship can address core skills, attitudes and values that young people need to
consider as they come to terms with a changing world.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the development of citizenship in schools. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes citizenship is marginalized in the curriculum in one-fifth of schools. Also, he mentions the
reasons for introducing citizenship are both worthwhile and can be fulfilled. Lastly, the speaker
believes citizenship can address core skills, attitudes, and values. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
118. Environmental Law (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Before we consider international environmental law and climate change we need to consider domestic
legislation, as it is within the sovereign states that international law is put into practice. This reflects
the environmentalists' maxim, 'think globally act locally'. United Kingdom legislative control over the
impacts of mans' activity on the environment is not new. As long ago as the reign of Charles II the
main concern was the production of smoke from the burning of 'sea coal. Almost all areas of trade
and industry were subject to very detailed legislative controls at that time, although some were
governed by 'self-regulation' in the form of guilds, who regulated both supply and methods of
production. However, the measures implemented were mostly ineffective because then, as now, the
specifying of legal duties and standards without providing any appropriate enforcement merely
indicated good intentions but were of little practical effect.The next stage was prompted by the
Industrial Revolution with the urbanization of society and its profound effects on the environment.
Local industrialists used the Adam Smith model to maximize their economic benefit, but this was to
the detriment of the local environment with the operation of 'Gresham's Law' that is, the bad drives
out the good.Those industrialists who were concerned for either the health of their employees or the
local environment faced higher costs than their competitors. The result was the need for increasingly
comprehensive statutory controls on the discharge of pollutants into various receiving media.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about international environmental law and climate change. Firstly, the speaker
emphasizes that we need to consider domestic legislation, where international law is put into practice.
Also, he mentions that the legal duties and standards without any appropriate enforcement merely
indicated good intentions. Lastly, the speaker believes the result was the need for statutory controls
on the discharge of pollutants. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
119. Economic Globalization (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)
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Original:
Globalization, what is globalization? I think that it takes on a few different definitions in one sense of
the word. Globalization means proliferation of transactions across country. So, one way of thinking
about globalization is a way to describe, increase international communications, more trade happening
between countries and be less self-sufficient in providing goods and services to their people and more
companies that have offices in multiple countries, which we call multinationals. So, the source of
growth in travel and communication and corporate trade across borders. And this way of thinking
about globalization is the continuation of thinking that has been around for a long time, such as when
the Europeans went to the Orient, to find spices, which was also an example of global trade and
communication. Another way to think of globalization though, is an economic system. It is a system in
which countries become integrated in a way that never had been before. In this system, we see a
global split in the process between consuming and producing goods. Some countries produce goods,
some countries consume goods, and then these countries in different areas of the globe depend on
each other in a kind of organic solidarity rather than having an economic system being just inside your
country. The system is the way economy in your country functions depends on economy of another
country. And in fact this way of thinking about globalizations represents a new area of economic
progression. The past industrialist economy has been a global issue.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about what globalization is. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that globalization
means proliferation of transactions across the country. Also, he mentions that another way to think of
globalization though, is an economic system. Lastly, the speaker believes that the past industrialist
economy has been a global issue. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
120. Mr. Green (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Do you know who Amory Lovins is? Nobody. Amory Lovins is an unusual character. He is something of
polymath. Just say, he has varied (sort of) knowledge across a wide range of fields. He’s not an
academic. He actually has a consulting company which he runs until recently out of his home in
Colorado. He lives beside Snowmass in a house built into the side of a mountain that has no furnace.
For about 30 years, he has been kind of iconic plastic oddball genius, thinking of ways to save energy,
thinking of ways to solve problems using technology that already exist. And he has demonstrated
several of them. He also offers he is something that he is such an oddball that people tend to think he
is kind of crazy. Anyway, Elizabeth Kolbert, went to spend some time with Amory Lovins. And so, she
has written this piece called Mr. Green.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about an unusual character, Amory Lovins. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes he
has varied knowledge across a wide range of fields and is not an academic. Also, she mentions he has
been kind of iconic plastic oddball genius, thinking of ways to save energy. Lastly, the speaker believes
that a female writer wrote a book about him called Mr. Green. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
Page 500 of 542

121. Talent War（C） (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The war for talent refers to an increasingly competitive landscape for recruiting and retaining talented
employees. In the book, Michaels, et al., describe not a set of superior Human Resources processes,
but a mindset that emphasizes the importance of talent to the success of organizations.The war for
talent is intensified by demographic shifts (primarily in the United States and Europe). This is
characterized by increasing demand along with decreasing supply(demographically). There are simply
fewer post-baby-boom workers to replace the babyboom retirement in the US and Europe (though
this is not the case in most of East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Central America, South
America, or the Middle East; Eastern Europe also tends to have similar demographics, namely an aging
and/or shrinking labor force).While talent is vague or ill-defined, the underlying assumption is that for
knowledge intensive industries, the knowledge worker (a term coined by Peter Drucker) is the key
competitive resource (see the Resource-based view of the firm). Knowledge-based theories of
organizations consistently place knowledge workers as a primary, competitive resource. Talent is never
explicitly defined in the book, though the Preface notes, "A certain part of talent elude description:
You simply know it when you see it." After several further caveats, the authors go on: "We can say,
however, that managerial talent is some combination of a sharp strategic mind, leadership ability,
emotional maturity, communications skills, the ability to attract and inspire other talented people,
entrepreneurial instincts, functional skills, and the ability to deliver results." The authors offer no
outside support for this assertion.A 2006 article in The Economist, which mentions the book, notes
that, "companies do not even know how to define "talent", let alone how to manage it. Some use it to
mean people like Aldous Huxley's alphas in "Brave New World"—those at the top of the bell curve.
Others employ it as a synonym for the entire workforce, a definition so broad as to be meaningless."
The 'War for talent is seen by various sources as becoming irrelevant during economic downturns.
However, there have been highly visible talent poaching by solvent firms of others who have economic
hardship.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about talent. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the war for talent refers to an
increasingly competitive landscape for recruiting and retaining talented employees. Also, he mentions
the knowledge worker is the key competitive resource. Lastly, the speaker believes that there have
been highly visible talent poaching by solvent firms of others. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
App to listen.
122. DNA&RNA (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Now, the study of biology is responsible for some of the most profound insights that humans have,
about the world around them. So, take a look at these four panoramas. In the upper left, you see
some bacteria this happen to be equal line, you obviously see a butterfly, a flower, a dolphin. If you
see that at the outer space, just looks these different forms and structures. You have no idea that
they were all related to one another. So one of the most profound thing that biology told us is that all
life on earth is exceptionally related similar to one another. So, for example, all of these life forms rely
on DNA and RNA for storing and transmitting in using their genetic and inherited information. They are
all based on cell. Cell is the fundamental building blocks of all life. All of these organisms consist of
cells, and the cells essentially have the same chemicals inside of them - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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and nitrogen, and the whole bunch of other stuff and much smaller amount. All these organisms
conducted metabolism, in other words, chemical reactions that using convert energy from one form to
another. And the basic chemistry is all very similar to one another. The type of molecule is used very
similar to one another.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about DNA and RNA. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the study of biology is
responsible for some of the most profound insights that humans have. Also, he mentions that all life
on earth is related similar to one to another, all based on cell. Lastly, the speaker believes the type of
molecule is used very similar to one and another. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
123. Laughter (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Laughter is one of the greatest therapies in combating adversity; and whole communities and nations
have frequently relied on humour to get them through their bleakest times. On august 13,1961, the
barbed wire was rolled out of Berlin to create the Berlin wall. For nearly 30 years, until it was
dismantled, wall jokes proliferated -especially among those living in the east. Laughing was all that
was left. Jokes about those who rule you - and sometimes those who tyrannise you - are a form of
folklore that has existed in societies as seemingly different as communist eastern Europe, Czarist
Russia, modern Egypt, 12-century Persia, and modern day Iran. Humour can also be wonderfully
subversive. It can protect self-respect and identity.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the functions of laughter. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that laughter
is one of the greatest therapies to combat adversity. Also, he mentions that jokes about those who
rule people and sometimes those who tyrannize people are a form of folklore. Lastly, the speaker
believes that humor can be subversive and can protect self-respect and identity. In conclusion, this
App to listen.
124. Talent War (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Talent is premium and there is a war for talents in 1990's because of the talent shortage. Companies
and countries are recruiting young talented people from different countries and sending young people
to universities. Some young people immigrated after they graduated from the university. They compete
with the local students. Countries and organizations should put talents at the primary positions. The
collapse of loyalty makes employees happy to change their workplace because of the higher income.
There are three reasons: first, the change of nature of economy leads to increase in the talents
demand and need skills. Second, the shrinking labor force after the baby-boom causes less supply of
skilled workers and the retirement of baby-boomers will cause a shortage of experienced workers.
Third, there is also a mismatch between what schools are producing and what companies need.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the talent war. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that there is a war for
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talents in the 1990's because of the talent shortage. Also, he mentions that countries and
organizations should put talents at the primary positions. Lastly, the speaker believes that there is also
a mismatch between what schools are producing and what companies need. In conclusion, this lecture
App to listen.

Original:
M: We're going to spend the rest of the month writing different kinds of essays. First though, we need
to talk about what makes an essay good. There are certain things that every essay, despite what you'll
be writing about, needs to have. Okay, so who can tell me one thing that an essay must have? W: Um,
doesn't every essay need an introduction? M: Of course. Every essay must have an introduction. In the
intro, you'll talk about the focus of your essay. You might also talk about some of your arguments or
subtopics. But if you do, you have to make sure that you're very brief about them. Your introduction
shouldn't be more than a paragraph. So what else does an essay need to have? W: A conclusion? M:
Absolutely! If you're introducing your topic at the beginning, you must conclude your argument at the
end. The conclusion talks about similar things as the introduction, but it's not exactly the same. Here,
you have to wrap up your topic. You have to make sure that the reader is convinced that your point of
view is right. Yes, do you have a question? W: So what happens in the middle? M: The middle's the
most important part! That's where you tell your reader all the reasons that he or she should agree with
you. That's where you really get to show off what you know.
Answer:
A professor is teaching his class how to write a good essay. The main parts of an essay are
introduction, middle, and conclusion. Introduction is the beginning where the writer first brings up his
topic and a brief talk about arguments. The middle of an essay is important to prove that his point of
view is correct. Conclusion means to wraps up argument in the end.
App to listen.
126. Glaciers (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
W: So yesterday, we started talking about how geological formations take a long time to be created.
One of these formations is called the glacier. Does anyone know what a glacier is? M: It's a lot of ice!
W: Well, kind of. It's certainly a lot of ice, but it's a little more than just that. A glacier is like a river of
ice that moves slowly. The way a glacier moves depends on the slope of the land. A glacier will move
with gravity. Okay, so we have to talk about how these glaciers are formed. See what happens is
snowfall covers mountainous regions. And this snow never completely melts. But, it might thaw a little
and then refreeze a little bit. So you have this thawing and refreezing which changes the snow to
granules. Then more snow accumulates. Can anyone guess what happens to the snow that's at the
bottom of this pile? M: Wouldn't it get really firm? From all the pressure? W: Exactly! So then, over
thousands of years, from lots and lots of pressure, these huge sheets of slow moving ice form. That's
how a glacier is made. The cool thing about these glaciers is that they leave imprints in the ground,
kind of like fossils. So we can tell what the world was like when it was covered by glaciers hack during
the Ice Age.
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Answer:
Glaciers are rivers of ice that move slowly with gravity. The way a glacier moves depends on the slope
of the land. They are created over many thousands of years with snow falling, accumulating, and
never completely melting. Snowfall's pressure forms sheets of ice. Over time, glaciers leave imprints in
the ground, like fossils. This way, we can tell what the world was like during the Ice Age.
App to listen.
127. Cocoa (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
During the time of the Aztecs, cocoa was mainly used as a beverage. Wines and drinks were made
from white pulp around the seeds of the cocoa pod. The beans themselves were used to make hot or
cold chocolate drinks. Both the Maya and the Aztec secular drinks used roasted cocoa beans, a
foaming agent sugar, toasted corn and water. Vanilla and/or chilli were also used as an ingredient in
the drinks. Cocoa beans were also used as a currency and as a tribute tax from peoples ruled by
Aztecs. The oily layer floating in the chocolate drink cocoa butter was used to protect the skin against
the sun. For the Aztecs cocoa had a religious significance. Cocoa was believed to be of divine origin:
the cocoa tree was a bridge between earth and heaven. Human sacrifices to propitiate God or sun
were first sanctified by giving him chocolate. Cocoa beans were given to priest's assistants at
children's coming of age ceremonies. During marriage ceremonies, the couple drank a symbolic cup of
chocolate and exchanged cocoa beans. Aztecs believed that drinking chocolate gave mortals some of
Quetzalcoatl wisdom. - God of learning and of the wind.
Answer:
It is a brief description about the importance of cocoa during Aztecs era. The beans were used to
make chocolate drinks. The cocoa had an important role in the life because they used it as a currency
and to protect their skins against the sun. Furthermore, it had a religious significance for them,
because they believed that drinking chocolate gave divine wisdom.
App to listen.
128. Sound Receptor (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
You’ve got sound receptors in your ear, and they are beautiful. We’re not going to talk about them at
any length, but there's little flappy, these little spiky things going along in your ear and they can
translate vibrational energy coming from your ear, hurting your eardrum, being translated into a
vibration into the fluid in your ear into a physical motion of these little receptors there into an electrical
motion, into an electrical signal that goes into your ear. So, all of that, all of that's pretty impressive
stuff. We are not going to talk about the details of it, but I invite some of you who want to learn more
about this, particularly MIT students I think to find receptors really quite remarkable kinds of devices.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about sound receptors. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that these spiky
things can translate vibrational energy coming from your ear. Also, he mentions that an electrical
signal goes into your ear. Lastly, the speaker believes he invite some people wanting to learn more to
find receptors quite remarkable kinds of devices. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
Page 504 of 542

App to listen.
129. A Novelist (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I have been writing non-fiction for years, and secretly wanting to be a novelist. When I first started
writing at the age of 30, it was with the intention of writing fiction, but I took a little detour for 10 or 12
years, and write non-fiction which I absolutely have no regret about at all. I think it's exactly the right
thing for me to do, but there's this dream tucked away inside of me to do this. Now I remember
reading something that Eudora Welty wrote, who is a great novelist from Mississippi who had a big
influence on me actually. She said, "no art ever came out of not risking your neck." And I think she's
absolutely right. It felt that way to me at the time, it actually feels that way every time I sit down to
write something. Finally, in the early 90s, I took my deep breath, and started writing fiction. It felt risky
to me at the time to do that. And one of the very first things I wrote was, what I thought was going to
be the first chapter of a novel, called "The Secret Life of Bees". I wrote it in 1992, and it is actually
essentially the first chapter of the novel as it is now.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about a female novelist. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that it was with the
intention of writing fiction, but she took a detour for years. Also, she mentions that no art ever came
out of not risking your neck. Lastly, the speaker believes that one of the very first things she wrote
was called 'The Secret Life of Bees'. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
130. Drug Advertisement (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
The amount of money drug companies spend on TV ads has doubled in recent years. And it's no
wonder: studies show the commercials' work: consumers go to their doctors with a suggestion for a
prescription drug they saw advertised on TV. Now a study in the Annals of Family Medicine raises
questions about the message these ads promote, NPRs Patty Neighmond reports. You're most likely to
see drug ads during prime time, especially around the news. Researchers analyzed 38 ads aimed at
people with conditions like hypertension, herpes, high cholesterol, depression, arthritis, and allergies.
The drug industry says the ads arm consumers with information. But researchers found that though
the information was technically accurate, the tone was misleading. UCLA psychologist Dominick
Frosch headed the study. "What we would see in these ads is that before taking the prescription drug,
the character's life was out of control and the loss of control really extended beyond just the impact
of the health condition, " For example, herpes patients were portrayed as being incapacitated for days,
insomniacs utterly out of synch on the job and depressed patients friendless and boring at parties.
"When the character is then shown taking the drug, he then magically regains complete control of his
life." None of the ads, of course, mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition.
After that, it's mass marketing. But in this case, Frosch says, prescription medications are not soap.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the amount of money drug companies spend on TV advertisements.
Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that you are most likely to see drug ads during prime time. Also, he
mentions that the tone of the advertisement was misleading. Lastly, the speaker believes that none of
the advertisements mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition. In conclusion,
Page 505 of 542


App to listen.
131. Modern Art (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Today we're going to continue our discussion of modern art and talk about Charles Csuri. Charles
Csuri has been a part of many modern art movements. He's worked in Pop Art, Cubism, and
Conceptual Art, but he made his mark as a pioneer in computer art. Even long before computers
became popular, he was punching cards and feeding them into the big mainframe computer at Ohio
State University. In the beginning, he had to work without a monitor, so he was virtually creating art in
the dark. He even learned computer programming so he could experiment with this new tool. Through
the computer, Csuri has been able to explore a new world of possibilities. For example, the computer
enables him to sculpt in three dimensions. Also, he can look at a sculpture from any angle, and move
it around, change the location of the light source, or he can copy it in different colors. Over the years,
Csuri received numerous grants for various projects. This money allowed him to train students in
computer graphics and animation techniques, and to advance the computer as a medium for artists.
Even though he uses modern technology, Csuri still insists he is creating art. He's always told his
students to keep the issues of art in focus, and not get so caught up in the technology that you forget
about the image.
Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Charles Csuri. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes Charles Csuri has been a
part of many modern art movements made his mark as a pioneer in computer art. Also, she mentions
through the computer, Csuri is able to explore a new world of possibilities. Lastly, the speaker believes
his students are told to keep the issues of art in focus. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
App to listen.
132. English Subject (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Interviewer: Is it true you once said that English as a subject at university, um, literature, I mean, was
a soft option - that it was just doing what you enjoy doing anyway, that is, reading books, um …
Interviewee: No, I didn't. In fact, I was arguing, and on occasion still have to argue, the opposite. This
goes back to the very beginning of English as an academic subject. There was a demand for it, but
the universities themselves didn't take it seriously as an academic discipline, so, to cut a long story
short, they would only accept its place in the curriculum if it was made more difficult. What I said was
that too many people do think of it as a soft option. If you want to find out just how rigorous a course
it can be, ask any of my students. If you were to try to read the books on the list for one semester as
a leisure activity you wouldn't get through them, let alone reading them with the proper attention, and
then having to come up with a suitable and well thought out critical response. And, and, it's not just
about the set books, there's the whole cultural context to take into account.
Answer:
In the interview, a professor of English is asked whether English is an easy subject at university,
because all you have to do is read books. The professor argues that this is not true, saying that not
only do students have to read a lot of books in a short time, but they also develop critical abilities and
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gain an understanding of the cultural context surrounding the books they read.
App to listen.
133. Latin Writers (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
I'd now like to turn to the Roman, um, Latin writers of the period. Their achievements in the other arts,
architecture, painting and sculpture - were rather second - rate, and mostly in imitation of the
Greeks. And, it's true that Latin writers also wanted to emulate the Greeks and used their writers as
models, but somehow the language wouldn't allow it. What I mean to say is, the particular qualities of
the Latin tongue made for the excellence of their writings, especially the poetry. For one thing, Latin is
capable of great compression - that is to say, it can convey in five or six words what we would need
twice the number to say. What also helped Latin writing flourish was the nature of Roman education.
Whatever its faults as they would appear to us, its linguistic and literary emphasis seemed designed to
produce orators and writers. A drawback of the system was that education was only available to the
richer classes of society, and so Roman literature is mainly a product of those classes. This in turn
meant that the subject matter was fairly limited and narrow in its social reach - though there were
exceptions.
Answer:
The speaker explains why Latin writing was so outstanding, especially as compared to the other arts.
The main reason was the nature of the language itself, which is capable of great compression.
Another factor was the Roman educational system, which concentrated on language and literature.
One drawback was that, as education was only available to the rich, the subject matter of Latin
literature is fairly limited.
App to listen.
134. Climate Change (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well, what I want to focus on now is climate change, more specifically on the fact that climate change
is a result of human activities. Now there has been some disagreement regarding the extent to which
human activity can be blamed for climate change but I want to argue that there is evidence which
clearly demonstrates that our own actions really are causing a genuine threat. The available evidence
seems to indicate fairly conclusively that land and sea temperatures started to increase around 200
years ago. So, what's the significance of this! Well, 200 years ago roughly coincides with the beginning
of the industrial revolution in the northern hemisphere. In other words, this was when our production of
harmful gases really got going as a result of increased industrialisation. Since that time our production
of gases has accelerated due to the fact that not only has industry grown in size but it has also now
spread to the southern hemisphere, indeed, most parts of the world. So, in the last 200 years, as
industry has grown we can see a gradual rise in the temperatures which, to my mind is sufficient proof
of the damaging effect of our actions and needless to say it's an issue which we need to address.
Answer:
In the last two hundred years the industrial revolution has led to the growth of the industry worldwide.
The result of this growth means that more and more harmful gases are released into the atmosphere.
In the same period, sea and land temperatures have risen noticeably. Therefore, according to the
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speaker climate change is the result of human activity.

App to listen.
135. Technological Nature (Prediction) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

Original:
Technological nature ... you may have heard this term... it's a term used to describe a picture of a
natural scene that"s been produced using computer graphics so that basically it isn't a real view - say
of a garden or field - it's a virtual one - it's a picture that looks like a real scene, Now, looking at
scenes of nature is known to have an effect on people's health and well-being. So for someone who's
ill, for a patient in a hospital, does a virtual view of a garden have the same impact as a real one?
Does it have the same beneficial effects when you look at it? Because that would be good. Well, um, if
you test this out, if you put a group of people in a room with a real view and another group of people
in a room with a virtual view - an unreal view - you can see what happens when they get stressed. If
you give both groups a task that is slightly stressful and increases their heart rate and, um, what you'll
find is that the people who have the real garden scene outside their window to look at - their heart
rate goes back to normal more quickly than those of the people in the other group who only have a
virtual view to look at. So, yes, there is a difference - people's recovery from stress is faster in the
room with the real view.
Answer:
Technological nature refers to a computerized picture of a natural scene. To find out if this has the
same beneficial effect as a real scene, we can put a group of people in a room with a real view and
another group in a room with a virtual view. The group in the room with the real view will recover more
quickly from stress than the other group.
App to listen.
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Multiple Choice (Multiple)

Repeat Rate: 5%
1. Complaints (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Two students complain about their classes. A boy asks a girl how about her classes. She says
she does not major in science but she also suffer pressures with a lot of reading and essays to do.
Options: Two students in science complain about too much school work; A student says she has many
options but still has a lot of school work to do.
(APEUni Website / App LMCM #78)
2. Nano-gold (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About nano-gold and micron-gold. Question: What is the difference... Options: If the practical
size changes, the matter's property changes.
3. Sharks (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：视频题，⼀个⻘年（奥克兰的鲨⻥博⼠）介绍⾃⼰为什么要研究鲨⻥和学习相关知识。鲨⻥的
种类实在是太多了，你看这⽚⽔域就有XXX，那⽚⽔域有XXX，这些都对⽣物链有重要的影响。 sharks at
risk。提到fierce。问题：这⼈刚开始研究鲨⻥时，觉得鲨⻥如何？选项：amazing； at risk。
4. Good Fat (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Good fat includes fish, olive oil, nuts. Good fat protects heart and reduces cholesterol. Fresh
fish or canned fish are both OK. Saturated fat is mostly in meat, diary, and pastries. Although meat
and dairy have saturated fat, they also have good nutrition such as protein. So instead of cutting them
off completely, just substitute with low fat. 选项：saturated fat can be found in diary ⻝品⾥（正确答
案）；有saturated fat的东⻄也有其他营养（正确答案）。
5. Bank (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
One very important institution in our economy is the bank. Banks manage money for individual people,
corporations and the government banks provide a number of important services for you and your
family. Most importantly, there a safe place to store your money. They also provide an easy way for
you to transfer money from one place to another. When you write a personal check, the check
authorizes the bank to give your money to the person or business whose name is on the check. Of
course, banks also lend money. Ordinary people take out bank loans for a number of reasons, to pay
for college, to buy or remodel a home, to start or expand a business, and so forth. Banks provide
these services to individuals. However, their main function is to lend large sums of money, for
example, to corporations. When people or corporations borrow money from a bank, they must, of
course, pay interest a percentage of the money they borrowed. Banks pay interest on the money they
hold and charge interest on the money they lend. For a bank to make a profit, it has to collect more
interest than it pays out. Sometimes banks invest money as well as landed to invest. Money means to
put it into a corporation or some other project, for example, building a housing complex or doing
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medical research in exchange for a share of the profits. Most businesses need loans and investments
at some time, and banks are an important source of both. You might wonder what would happen if all
the people with money in a bank wanted to take their money out at the same time. I mean, how would
the bank be able to give everyone their money if it had lent out or invested most of it? In fact, this can
be a serious problem for banks. They count on the fact that most people won't want their money for a
long time. Once it's deposited, that leaves the bank free to lend or invest the money. If every person,
or even lots of people tried to withdraw their money at the same time, the bank might not be able to
honor all of its deposits. This causes some banks to fail or go bankrupt. Bank failures used to be
common during times of recession or depression. They were especially common during the great
depression of the nineteen thirties. When franklin roosevelt became president in nineteen thirty three,
one of the first things he did was closed all the banks, so depositors wouldn't panic and try to take all
their money out. Number.
Question:
For what reasons do individuals take out bank loans?
Options:
A) To build a housing complex
B) To do medical research
C) To pay for education
D) To purchase a home
Answer:
C, D
App to listen.
Page 510 of 542

Multiple Choice (Single)

Repeat Rate: 5%
1. Lost Dog (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Your neighbor's dog is missing and you help him by finding and returning it to him. He is very
grateful and treat you with cakes as rewards. Such things happen many times, and every time he is
grateful. But once, you send his lost dog back to him as usual, but he expresses no thanks, offers no
reward, and give no explanation. You are unhappy. Next time such a thing happens, will you help him?
Wasn't a right thing you help him for the first time? Question: What's the main purpose of the
speaker? Options: analyze behavior; predict result; criticize action; question motivate ( correct
answer).
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #87)
2. Children Genders (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: Nowadays marketers will muddle up the concept of children's genders. Question: The speaker
thinks marketers______ Options: distrusted; fearful (correct answer); (commendatory term 1);
3. Timetable (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: A conversation between a boy and a girl. The boy complains that he has classes throughout
the five week days and has to go to lectures on Mondays. The girl says that's common. Options: Full
timetable (correct answer ).
4. Thinking Ability (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: In a lecture, a professor tells the students that their achievements in the past are not
important, but thinking and learning ability in the future is important.
5. Media (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Now let’s talk a video, video and audio as a tool for mobile and here is the thing. It also works
beautifully for social media and web too. It kills three birds in one stone. Do you know why TV does so
well and films do so well? So really easy answer, we humans react best to seeing the picture, other
human beings talking back to us, and playing all these stories or what not. Yet you will find that most
of the web is texted, yet when I have a four-minute video, it does better or when I have the slide show
that an audio track to it. They do so much better than all my other content because we need that.
This is a flat screen, we need to Live it up somehow. This is a small screen, it’s not easy to read
Lengthy text, but if I create a Lengthy article, and then I create a three-minute video or a set of
three-minute videos about it. Then I am not re-purposed to the use, I have differentiated from all my
competitors and I use a fancy QR code to Link to these, oh my god, we’re innovating at the spear.
OK.
Question:
Page 511 of 542

According to the speaker, the main reason why TV and films work so well is that ____.
Options:
A) They integrate well with social media and web.
B) We humans respond best to video and audio.
C) They get more information across than texts.
D) Their flat and small screens are easy to operate.
Answer:
B
App to listen.
6. Wright Brothers (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：关于发明⻜机的莱特兄弟 Wright Brothers。发明airplane从bicycle获得了⼀些灵感。⽂中多
次提到了bicycle和balance。选项：不同的东⻄也可以跨界相互参考借鉴，有个inter-的词（答案）
7. Bibliography and Reference (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: About the difference between bibliography and reference. Options: The scopes are different
(correct answer).
8. Spy (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
In my opinion, Pocahontas was a spy for the colonists. Yes, she served as a mediator between the
british colonists and the native Americans, but she was more of a spy. As you know, she even provided
vital food supplies to the colonists. However, she didn't think of herself as a spy, and the colonists
didn't trust her much. Despite her help. In a way, we could say she was a sad spy. Unfortunately, a
war broke out between the pole, ha tons and the colonists. The colonist captured her and brought her
to jamestown. While she was in jamestown. As a hostage, she freely converted to christianity and
married john rolfe. As we all know, this marriage brought the war to its end. What do you think? Was
she a mediator or a spy? I believe she was a spy, a spy who played a role as a mediator. One. What
role did Pocahontas play between the british colony and the native Americans?
Question:
What did the marriage between Pocahontas and John Rolfe do to the war between the British colony
and the Native Americans?
Options:
A) The marriage started a war.
B) The marriage brought freedom.
C) The marriage brought hatred.
D) The marriage ended the war.
Answer:
D
Page 512 of 542

App to listen.
Page 513 of 542

Highlight Correct Summary

Repeat Rate: 5%
1. Astronomers (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: I think we have mastered a lot of the physical problems that come along with space travel. But
then psychologically we haven’t really understood the amount of stress and strain that people are
going to be under. Astronauts need to be o constant alert. Maintaining a stress response for a long
period of time can lead to exhaustion, we also have problems with things like inter group conflicts. If
you are put in a closed environment with a lot of other people, this can be very difficult. We also have
problems with workload. They are asked to do too many experiments and they don’t get enough own
time. It can be very difficult for that individual to say, ‘actually I have some thoughts of anxiety’, or
‘I’m starting to feel some elements of depression’. It can be easier to cover up those issues than
actually be honest. These problems can lead into increases in human error. These are not big issues
when you are on Earth, everybody makes these everyday slips, however if your doing that in a very
risky environment, then that can have really adverse effects.
(APEUni Website / App HCS #17)
2. Ambassador (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 要点：男声的说他是英国驻⽇本的ambassador，在⽇本很多年。选项：politician; (答案)
businessman；（⼲扰项） teacher（⼲扰项）
3. Ugly Building (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
It seems to me that architecture is pretty much something that causes us both pleasure and trouble. I
live in the part of western London where I think many of the streets are really really ugly, and this
distresses me everytime when I walk to a supermarket or walk to the tube. I do not understand why
they built those buildings without architecture. A bad building has a serious impact on the people
around it, which could be hundreds of years. It lasted so long, and if you write a bad book or a bad
play, I will be shocked when it was shown. Suppose the book arose a little bit from the frustration, and
then I realize if you talk about architecture, you will say why building are not more beautiful. Then you
will say I can use such work as "beauty", which is a really arrogant word. And no one knows what
beautiful is. It's all in the eye of the beholder. I couldn't help but think about that actually. Well, you
know that we all attempt to agree that Rome is nice than Milkykings, and San Francisco has the edge
of Frankfurt, so we can make that sort of generalization. Surely they are something we can say about
why a building works or why it doesn't. So the books really attempt to suggest why architecture works
when it does and what might go wrong when it doesn't work.
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Options:
A) Whether buildings are beautiful or not does not have any influence on people' lives. Beauty is a
clear definition which everyone knows.
B) London is a modern city, where there is no ugly buildings. All the supermarkets and streets are
very beautiful, because everyone who lives there knows what 'beautiful' is.
C) Ugly buildings can impact people who live around them, even for hundreds of year. Beautiful is
a very hard thing to define, as no one really knows what beautiful is.
Answer:
C
App to listen.
4. Pancake Ice (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Pancake ice is an intermediate step between an open-water configuration and a totally frozen body of
water. We know that a combination of very cold temperatures and waves is necessary to make the
pancakes form in the first place. After these waves make it form, there's an entire spectrum - so a
wide collection of frequency waves that they would encounter, whether they be from wind shear or
they'd be from you know that the ocean long slow waves. The easiest way to study it is to look at
each individual range of frequencies one after another. Sort of gain a wider perspective on how the
pancake ice interacts with waves. The ultimate aim of our research is to better inform the
meteorological modelers of the world who are looking at Antarctica as well as the Arctic and some of
the other cold regions of the world. We're conducting work in the Sea-Ice-Wind-Wave-lnteraction
facility here at UniMeIb. It was designed by the head of our department Jason Monty. He had the
foresight to use a modular design, which means there are individual sections that are stacked
together, so since we're built to the space that we have in this lab right now. When we moved to
Fishermans Bend we can extend our model and a few more sections to make it much longer. And that
will enable us to have longer runtimes, have more developed waves as well as add some other
possibilities of study.
Options:
A) Pancake ice is formed under deep sea, which only requires extremely cold temperature itself.
The aim of the research is mere scientific experiments, and does not have serve practical
purposes.
B) Pancake ice exists in a warm river, which requires warm water, rain or snow. The aim of the
research is to forecast weather in those river regions.
C) Pancake ice is formed by extremely cold temperature and waves, which needs a wide collection
of frequency. The aim of the research is to give the meteorological modelers a better
understanding of this phenomenon through a special lab.
Answer:
C
App to listen.
5. Proofreading (Prediction) (Incomplete)
Page 515 of 542

Points: Proofreading has three elements： read backward；read aloud；leave enough time.
6. Extrovert or Introvert (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于management。manager要考虑到员⼯是extrovert还是introvert，奖励他们时要有所不同，有⼈
可能喜欢被公开表扬，有些⼈却更倾向于私下写个note。 It is more important to recognize if the staff is
introvert or extrovert than…
Page 516 of 542

Select Missing Word

Repeat Rate: 5%
1. ageing population (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 回忆：ageing population 结束前应该说的是⼯作相关所以我选了with the labor force 介词忘了但是
和⼯作有关的选项
(APEUni Website / App SMW #82)
2. Flowers (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Earlier this year, I was driving through the countryside with a girl of six, and she pointed out some
flowers by the wayside. I asked her what she thought flowers were for. She gave a very thoughtful
answer. "Two things," she said, "to make the world pretty and to help the bees make honey for us." I
thought that this was a very nice answer and I was very sorry to have to tell her that this wasn't...
Options:
A) wrong
B) true
C) worthy
D) changing
Answer:
B
App to listen.
3. Eclipse (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: 关于⼈们⽤什么⽅法来观赏eclipse，最后⼀句话的倒数第⼆个单词是lunar（beep）。选项：
eclipse；night；moon。
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Fill in the Blanks

Repeat Rate: 32%
1. Cars in America (Prediction) (Audio Available)

There are some 250 million cars in America, 250 million cars in the country with just over 300 million
people. And most of those vehicles, of course, are gas powered . This poses a huge challenge given
the limited supplies of oil and the growing urgency of the global warming crisis. But there is good
news, according to our guests today. And that is we have the know-how and the technology to
build sleek , fast automobiles that don't use gasoline. These vehicles of tomorrow are powered
by hydrogen , electricity, bio-fuels, and digital technology. And they already exist. So what's stopping
us from putting them on the roads? Our guests today will help answer that.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #125)
App to listen.
2. Kimbell (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: The first section of the book covers new modes of assessment. In Chapter 1, Kimbell
(Goldsmith College, London) responds to {{1}} of design programs as formalistic and conventional,
stating that a focus on risk-taking rather than hard work in design innovation is equally problematic.
His research contains three parts that include preliminary exploration of design innovation qualities,
investigation of resulting classroom practices, and development of evidence-based assessment. The
assessment he describes is presented in the form of a structured worksheet, which includes a
collaborative {{2}} and digital photographs, in story format. Such a device encourages stimulating
ideas, but does not recognize students as design {{3}} . The assessment sheet includes holistic
impressions as well as details about 'having, growing, and proving' ideas. {{4}} judgments are evident in
terms such as 'wow' and 'yawn' and reward the quality and quantity of ideas with the term,
'sparkiness', which fittingly is a pun as the model project was to design light bulb packaging. In
addition, the assessment focuses on the process of optimizing or complexity control as well as proving
ideas with thoughtful criticism and not just generation of novel ideas. The definitions for qualities such
as 'technical' and 'aesthetic' pertaining to users, are too narrow and ill-defined. The author provides
{{5}} of the project, its features and structures, students' notes and judgments, and their sketches and
photographs of finished light bulb packages, in the Appendix.
3. The 400th Anniversary (Prediction) (Incomplete)

Points: It was about 400th anniversary of something and people crossed something like that. Blanks:
Permanent, later, ... , Atlantic, uncover
4. Social Harm (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Social harm originates out of a series of debates within criminology about the narrowness of the
definition of crime, that essentially, focuses on individual acts of harm, things like inter-personal
violence, theft, so on and so forth. So the idea of social harm originally was to expand that notion of
harm to encompass the harms that organisations cause that nation states cause. But latterly the idea
Page 518 of 542

of social harm really now transcends criminology so there are a group of writers who think that—and I
would include myself there—that actually there's something to social harm that could be very useful in
terms of trying to understand the harms that occur within society, to produce an objective and well-
rounded analyses of harm.
App to listen.
5. Candace Galen (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Candace Galen is based at the University of Missouri, in Columbia. And, being a biologist, she thought,
why not use this astronomical phenomenon to study a biological one? Specifically: as the
skies darkened would daytime pollinators, like bumblebees and honeybees, call it quits "What better
activity during an eclipse than to go out with a recorder and record the bees?" "So Galen asked 400
citizen scientists—including young students—to place audio recorders in 16 flower patches along the
path of totality, in Oregon, Idaho and Missouri. When they analyzed the audio, they found that
during partial eclipse, bee buzzing continued. But when totality hit, the bees went silent and only the
conversational buzz of human observers could be heard. Then, as the moon passed and the sun again
lit up the sky, the bees regained their buzz.
App to listen.
6. Green Chemistry (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Green Chemistry is a concept designed to develop technologies which allow chemistry to be practiced
with minimal damage to the environment, or in an environmentally compatible way, and it's meant to
cover both chemical processes and chemical products . The center was set up about seven or eight
years ago. And the idea was to provide a hub of activities that covered fundamental research work,
international collaboration, but also educational development on public understanding of the project as
well, and also networking so we network out to well over 1000 people around the globe.
App to listen.
7. Weather Change (Prediction) (Audio Available)

What I'm trying to understand, and what other colleagues of mine are trying to understand, is how we
moved from that cold climate condition to the warm climate condition that we enjoy today. We know
from ice core research that the transition from these cold conditions to warm conditions wasn't
smooth, as you might predict from the slow increase in solar radiation. And we know this from ice
cores, because if you drill down into ice, you find annual bands of ice, and you can see this in the
iceberg. You can see those blue-white layers. Gases are trapped in the ice cores, so we can measure
CO2 that's why we know CO2 was lower in the past and the chemistry of the ice also tells us
about temperature in the polar regions.
App to listen.
8. Radio Telescope (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Perhaps you've seen pictures of the large array of, you know, those radio telescopes in New Mexico,
Page 519 of 542

scanning the skies for intelligent life in the movie contact Well radiant astronomers have caused
to celebrate the first phase of a giant new Radio Telescope Array went operational in Northern
California, it's going to help astronomers study things like black holes and dark galaxies . All the while
scanning the stars for, who knows, radio signals coming from somewhere else in the universe. Maybe
ET is phoning home.
App to listen.
9. Sunflowers (Prediction) (Audio Available)

These two paintings, both called “Sunflowers,” are generally accepted as the finest of
several depictions of the thick-stemmed, nodding blooms that Van Gogh made in 1888 and 1889
during his time in Arles. The first is now in the collection of the National Gallery in London, and the
second is in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Van Gogh referred to this work as a repetition of
the London painting. But art historians and curators have long been curious to know how different this
“repetition” is from the first. Should it be considered a copy, an independent artwork or something in
between? An extensive research project conducted over the past three years by conservation experts
at both the National Gallery and the Van Gogh Museum has concluded that the second painting was
“not intended as an exact copy of the original example,” said Ella Hendriks, a professor of
conservation and restoration at the University of Amsterdam, who was the lead researcher on the
project.
App to listen.
10. Rebuilding Soils (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Rebuilding carbon-rich agriculture soils is the only real productive, permanent solution to taking excess
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. She’s frustrated that scientists and politicians don’t see the
same opportunities she sees. This year Australia will emit just over 600 million tonnes of carbon. We
can sequester 685 million tonnes of carbon by increasing soil carbon by half a percent on only 2% of
the farms. If we increased it on all of the farms, we could sequester the whole world’s emissions of
carbon.
App to listen.
11. Media (Prediction) (Audio Available)

I think its really important for young people not to feel restricted in their choices and also to be aware
of the choices that are available to them and obviously the media has an incredibly important role to
play in that. I think we tend to talk about science as this big kind of monolith but of course actually it's
this beautiful multifaceted thing. You know, there's almost something for everybody there. And there
are so many different aspects of it. You know, somebody that's going to be attracted to working in
biology might be a very different person from somebody who's attracted to engineering. I suppose it's
about knowing the breadth of opportunities that are out there and so anything that universities and
broadcast media can do to make sure that those opportunities are visible.
App to listen.
Page 520 of 542

12. Entrepreneurs (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Why do we need more entrepreneurs right now? The entrepreneurs who create and run our
businesses, who play by the rules, are in fact critical to our success as a nation. We need them
especially today. Business, not government, will end this recession. Government must help by creating
fair rules, sound monetary policy, and by protecting our fellow citizens in periods when they are
jobless. We have to make way for the new entrepreneurial firms that will push us to frontiers of
innovation.
App to listen.
13. Nanotechnology (Prediction) (Audio Available)

What is nanotechnology? Well, a report that was put together by a combination of the Royal Society
and the Royal Academy of Engineering that came out last summer, identifies two topics. Nano-
science is the study of phenomena and the manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular
and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those as a larger scale.
Nanotechnologies are the design characterization, production and application of structures , devices
and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. So I'll talk a little bit more in a
moment about what a nanometer is, but loosely speaking people think of nanotechnologies as being a
sort of a hundred nanometers or less.
App to listen.
14. Virus (Prediction) (Audio Available)

So a virus is something that you can't see by normal light microscopy, you need very
advanced techniques for electron microscopy to see it, but that virus is not able to reproduce itself
without a host and us as human beings are made up of lots of different cell types and we are
interested in understanding at the molecular level how that virus infects the liver and why does it
infect the liver and it doesn't infect the heart or it doesn't infect other tissues .
App to listen.
15. Financial Markets (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Financial markets swung wildly yesterday in frenzied trading market by further selling
of equities and fears about an unraveling of the global carry trade. At the same time trading in the
European credit markets in London was exceptionally heavy as traders frantically reassessed their
appetite for risk-prompting wild swings in the prices of the key derivatives. It was the third day of
frenetic activity in the European credit markets, suggesting that equity market swings were prompting
a wider repositioning of investors in a host of asset classes.
App to listen.
16. Oceanographer (Prediction) (Audio Available)

For many years the favorite horror story about abrupt climate change was that a shift in ocean
currents could radically cool Europe's climate. These currents, called the overturning circulation bring
Page 521 of 542

warm water and warm temperatures north from the equator to Europe. Susan Loosier,
an oceanographer at Duke University, says scientists have long worried that this ocean circulation
could be disrupted.
App to listen.
17. Beautiful Building (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Along the way, we have built unashamedly beautiful buildings, two of which have won and been
runner-up in the prestigious United Nations World Habitat Award: the first time an Australian building
has received that international honor. We rely on older concepts of Australian architecture that are
heavily influenced by the bush. All residents have private verandas which allow them
to socialize outdoors and also creates some "defensible space" between their bedrooms and public
areas. We use a lot of natural or soft materials and build beautiful landscaped gardens.
App to listen.
18. CPG (Prediction) (Audio Available)

In animals, a movement is coordinated by a cluster of neurons in the spinal cord called the central
contract pattern generator (CPG). This produces signals that drive muscles to contract rhythmically in
a way that produces running or walking, depending on the pattern of pulses . A simple signal from the
brain instructs the CPG to switch between modes such as going from a standstill to walking.
App to listen.
19. Laurence Stephen Lowry (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Laurence Stephen Lowry RBS RA was an English artist. Many of his drawings and paintings depict
Pend Lebury, Lancashire, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years, and also Salford and its
surrounding areas. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West
England in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best known for
his city landscapes peopled with human figures often referred to as matchstick man. He painted
mysterious unpopulated landscapes, brooding portraits and the unpublished "narionette" works, which
were only found after his death.
App to listen.
20. Water Crisis (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Now that story's been scotched, as only part of contingency planning. But it was a symptom of the
dramatic turn of events in South Australia, and it flushed out other remarks from water academics and
people like Tim Flannery, indicating that things were really much worse than had been foreshadowed ,
even earlier this year. So is Adelaide, let alone some whole regions of South Australia, in serious
bother? Considering that the vast amount of its drinking water comes from the beleaguered Murray,
something many of us outside the State may not have quite realized. Is their predicament something
we have to face up to as a nation?
Page 522 of 542

App to listen.
21. Shakespeare (Prediction) (Audio Available)

For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with regards to
personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the Bard: his works, and
various legal and church documents that have survived from Elizabethan times. Naturally, there are
many gaps in this body of information, which tells us little about Shakespeare the man.
App to listen.
22. Neo-Latin (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Those of you who've never heard the term neo-Latin, may be forgiven for thinking it's a new South
American dance craze. If you're puzzled when I tell you it has something to do with the language of
Romans, take heart, over the years many classes who have confessed they are not really sure what it
is either. Some have assumed that they are so-called ‘Late-Latin', written at the end of the Roman
Empire. Others have supposed it must have something to do with the middle ages. Or perhaps it's
that pseudo -Latin which my five and seven-year-old boys seem to have gleaned from the Harry
Potter books, useful for spells and curses that they zip one another with makeshift paper ash ones.
No, in fact, neo-Latin is more or less the same as the Latin that was written in the ancient world,
classical Latin. So, what's so new about it?
App to listen.
23. Public Views (Prediction) (Audio Available)

The effect of the first difference is, on the one hand, to refine and enlarge the public views, by
passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the
true interests of their country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it
to temporary or partial considerations. Under such a regulation, it may well happen that the public
voice pronounced by the representatives of the people, will be more consonant to the public good
than if pronounced by the people themselves, convened for the purpose."
App to listen.
24. CEO's Duty (Prediction) (Audio Available)

That brings us to the CEO's second duty: building everyone or more accurately, building the senior
team. All the executives report to the CEO, so it's the CEO's job to hire , fire, and manage the
executive team. From coaching CEOs, I actually think this is the most important skill of all. Because
when a CEO hires an excellent senior team, that team can keep the company running. when a CEO
hire a poor senior team, the CEO is up spending all of their time trying to do with the team, and not
nearly enough time trying to do with other elements of their job. The senior team can and often
does develop the strategy for the company, but ultimately it's always the CEO who has the final 'go-
no-go' decision on strategy.
Page 523 of 542

App to listen.
25. Online Dating (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Bruch and her colleague Mark Newman studied who swapped messages with whom on a popular
online dating platform in the month of January 2014. They categorized users by desirability using
PageRank, one of the algorithms behind search technology. Essentially if you receive a dozen
messages from desirable users, you must be more desirable than someone who receives the same
number of messages from average users. Then they asked: How far "out of their league" do online
daters tend to go when pursuing a partner? "I think people are optimistic realists In other words, they
found that both men and women tended to pursue mates just 25 percent more desirable than
themselves. "So they're being optimistic, but they're also taking into account their own relative position
within this overall desirability hierarchy." And the study did have a few more lessons for people on the
market: "I think one of the take-home messages from this study is that women could probably afford
to be more aspirational in their mate pursuit."
App to listen.
26. Integrated Ticketing (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we have introduced a paper ticket
that allowed you to travel across all the three modes in South East Queensland, so bus, train
and ferry and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the introduction of a Smart Card, and the
Smart Card will enable people to store value so to put value on the card, and then to use the card
for traveling around the system.
App to listen.

For the first time, Japanese researchers have conducted a real-life experiment that shows how some
traffic jams appear for no apparent reason. They placed the 22 vehicles on a single track, and asked
the drivers to cruise around at a constant speed of 30 kilometers an hour. At first, traffic moves
smoothly, but soon, the distance between cars started to vary and vehicles clumped together at one
point on the track, but the jams spread backward around the track, like a shockwave at a rate of
about 20 kilometers an hour. Real-life jams move backward at about the same speed.
App to listen.

Families are always related to the economy, the politics, the culture of the society. In herding societies
young people go out when they're 10 or 12 years old and they hang out with the sheep or the goats -
or whatever the herd is. That produces a kind of a(an) loose bond between the preadolescences and
their parents. In industrial societies, we tend to keep kids in school for longer and then college is that
point when they might break - or after college, depending on what they're doing. In agrarian societies
families have lots of kids and put them to work. They structure themselves as large families and put
them all together in one home. The main point is that families are not separate from the society.
Families and the economy and the politics are all wrapped up all together.
Page 524 of 542


App to listen.
Page 525 of 542

Highlight Incorrect Words

Repeat Rate: 2%
1. Poverty Ending (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
For some people, this presentation (Answer: proposition) may seem far fetched, but ending poverty is
both ethically (Answer: morally) necessary and actually feasible. All of us must play a role in making it
happen. All human beings want, and have a way (Answer: right) to live in dignity, to determine our own
destinies, and to be respected by other, by other people. Despite the universality of three (Answer:
these) rights, our capacities to fulfill them vary enormously, and no divining (Answer: dividing) line is
more profound in influencing the quality of our lives than the gulf between poverty and prosperity.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #73)
App to listen.
2. Loan Guarantee (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Well there… there… there’s a positive obligation on the bank to ensure that the people who are
signing a loan guarantee, understand (Answer: know) what they’re doing. Loan guarantees are er kind
of rare (Answer: unique) in that… in that someone is giving security or a guarantee and placing
themselves at risk for someone else, and they receive nothing substantial (Answer: material) in return.
So you’ve got to ask yourself why is this person doing this, do they know what they’re doing? They’re
risking a lot, and not really getting anything back for it. So the imperative is that the bank
must establish (Answer: ensure) that these people know what they’re doing, and that they fully
understand the repercussions (Answer: implications) of what they’re doing, and they know that
their assets (Answer: properties) may be sold if another person doesn’t meet their obligations.
App to listen.
3. Probability (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
Oh, it’s very spooky. First of all, probability by itself is spooky. Give me… let me show you how
probability enters the sample (Answer: system) . You walk past a store window and you see an image
of yourself in the store window, you straighten the part, not so bad you know, for a man of my age.
The guy in the store window who’s fooling around with mannequins he sees you and you see yourself.
What does that mean? A beam (Answer: stream) of photons from sunlight leaves your face, heads for
the store window – let’s consider one of them. It has a choice: it can go right through, so that the
guy behind the window can see you, or it can be reflected from the store window.
Some actions (Answer: fractions) of them are reflected, and some of them go through. What
determines that? What determines the future of that photon? And doubtless (Answer: countless) such
examples teach us that it’s random, that it’s a roll (Answer: throw) of the dice, and that’s where
Einstein made his famous statement “God plays dice with the universe.” That every instant of that
single object, that quantum object we have probability, we do not have certainty.
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App to listen.
4. Diabetes (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
No that was, and that’s an important aspect, as you referred (Answer: alluded) to earlier we’ve
previously done work which has proven that in some circumstances (Answer: situations) , even people
whose blood pressure is not high, can benefit from blood pressure lowering rehabilitation (Answer:
therapy) . So in this study the main reason that we included the patients was because of diabetes, we
didn’t care what their blood pressure was, whether it was high or low. And our intention (Answer:
objective) was to see whether or not lowering average or below average blood pressure in diabetics
was beneficial and the effect (Answer: result) suggested that irrespective of whether your blood
pressure was high or low, if you had diabetes you profited (Answer: benefited) .
App to listen.
5. Article (Prediction) (Audio Available)

Original:
What's an article? I was asking myself this very question in the post office yesterday, standing in line
waiting to sign for, as it so happens, an article. A postal article. Not the postal article. Now before we
get ahead of ourselves, an article in English is a verb (Answer: word) that precedes a noun, and simply
indicates specificity. This sounds quite complicated, and to be honest, it's quite complicated to say
without spraying everyone within 15 feet, but the concept's quite simple. The definite article in English
is the word "the", and indicates a specific thing or type; for example, the train is an hour late.
By comparison (Answer: contrast) , the indefinite article in English is any of the words "a", "an" or
"some", and the indefinite article indicates a non-specific thing; for example, would you please pass
me an apple. We always recede (Answer: precede) a word with "a" if it doesn't start with a vowel
sound. For example, take a hike; I'm spending a Weekend at Burnie's; or there's a Knight in Shining
Armour. Similarly, we precede words with the indefinite article "an" if they do start with a vowel sound,
for example, an ostrich, an normal (Answer: enormous) mess or an Occupational Health and Safety
Policy.
App to listen.
Page 527 of 542

Write From Dictation

Repeat Rate: 99%
1. Meeting with mentors can be scheduled for students who require additional support. #125 (New)
2. A demonstrated ability to write clear, correct and concise English is bigotry. #110 (New)
3. In recent years, America has developed a coffee culture. #52 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
4. Technology has changed the media we both used and studied. #48 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
5. Two drops of the solution were heated in a test tube. #47 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
6. Points: You will be tested online. #44 (New) (Prediction) (Incomplete)
7. You must change your password every month. #41 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
8. The posters are on display at the larger lecture theatre. #36 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
9. Graduates from this course generally find jobs in insurance industry. #5 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
10. Contracts can help to solve misunderstandings between businesses. #1528 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
11. Some students prefer to learn by images and pictures. #1020 (New) (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
12. The majority of academic publications are in English. #979 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
13. At university students can make friends for life. #903 (New) (Prediction) (Audio Available)
14. Assignments should be submitted to the department office by Friday. #1527 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
15. It is doubtful whether projects can be finished this week. #1371 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
16. Some teachers prefer to teach by using images and pictures. #1339 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
17. Points: Nowadays, food meets... sustainable. #1109 (Prediction) (Incomplete)
18. The library catalog is located on the first floor. #1106 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
19. Points: Despite the increasing …, we know very little about the deepest oceans. #1050
(Prediction) (Incomplete)
20. Female is better than male in academic results until 44 years of age. #1009 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
21. Carbon dioxide is the main source of greenhouse gases that cause climate change due to human
behaviors. #884 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
22. The most pollution comes from industrialized countries. #344 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
23. There will be a guest lecturer in the next class. #195 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
24. Students who study environmental biology need to do fieldwork. #35 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
25. Technology and international trade are the key drivers of the global economy. #1526 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
26. Legumes and vegetables are major sources of vitamins and minerals. #1525 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
27. Most students need computers to do homework. #286 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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28. Storms can be dangerous in some regions. #1524 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
29. There is a widely believed perception that engineering is provided for boys. #1523 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
30. Students in science will have to choose a major between chemistry and biology. #1522
31. Before submitting the paper, your thesis must be approved by your tutor. #1521 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
32. Social psychology is a new area of study. #1520 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
33. This course is based on experimentation and practice. #1519 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
34. Points: …is published in English #1460 (Prediction) (Incomplete)
35. Students are required to have an undergraduate degree in biology to be enrolled in this course.
36. There are a lot of competitions for cases on the history classes. #1516 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
37. The lecture is about the reasons for the financial crisis. #1515 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
38. The history of Asia is really studied in these regions. #1514 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
39. Music students will have great opportunities to work with musical professionals. #1513
40. The new king was crowned at the beginning of June. #1512 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
41. The study center in the library has all the latest technologies. #1511 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
42. When writing an essay, consider different views of the subject. #1508 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
43. The blue whale is the largest animal that ever lived. #15 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
44. There is an agreed consensus that the leadership skills can be taught. #1504 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
45. University graduates find it hard to find their jobs. #1503 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
46. It is generally accepted that language is a part of culture. #1500 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
47. There must be planets in the universe that can support life. #1499 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
48. University graduates lose their time finding jobs. #1497 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
49. Our culture influences the choices we make. #1496 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
50. Students with work experience may be successful in job applications. #1495 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
51. Points: ... historical ... several regions. #1494 (Prediction) (Incomplete)
52. The typical part of this course involves the study of society. #142 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
53. In addition to lecture programs, you will be offered tutorials. #1493 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
54. Participating in the work placement is beneficial to all students #1492 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
55. Our cultural values are dependent on the choices we made. #1490 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
56. Recycling systems are complex but they are becoming simpler. #1489 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
57. Science degrees are now offering different levels of specialization. #1488 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
58. The untapped potential use of sun rays is phenomenal. #1485 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
59. New materials and techniques are changing the style of architecture. #1484 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
60. New credit cards will soon be using fingerprint technology. #1483 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
61. Essays and assignments spread out across the academic world. #1482 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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62. Lecture outlines are available on the faculty board and the internal website. #1481 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
63. I would like all the engineering students to raise their hands. #1480 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
64. Our lecture today will discuss the American War of Independence. #1324 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
65. Protective goggles must be worn in all the university's laboratories. #1362 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
66. People have been dependent on using phones in their everyday life. #1478 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
67. Archaeologists discover tools and fossils from ancient times. #1477 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
68. Participating in the class is the center of the course. #1215 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
69. The research paper examined the economies of three countries. #1212 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
70. Points: The king feast needs to establish authority... #1476 (Prediction) (Incomplete)
71. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. #792 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
72. Please read the chapter one of the history textbook. #1475 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
73. Students and staff will automatically become a member in their library. #1474 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
74. Globalization often puts more pressure on national economic policies. #1027 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
75. The local government has adopted a plan for infrastructure development. #1472 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
76. Historical cities are financially dependent on the tourism as income. #1467 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
77. We aim to develop the partnership with the government and financial institutions. #1466
78. Industries now bring more job opportunities than agriculture and fishing combined. #1465
79. Before attending the course, you must register online or by post. #1464 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
80. Scientists were unsure when the early man first left Africa. #1463 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
81. Advanced technology will grow economy. #1459 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
82. Students may only park their cars in authorized university parking spaces. #1457 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
83. Global connections thrived in academic communities, thanks to social media. #1378 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
84. The study of anthropology can help us to learn society today. #134 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
85. The government financial plan has threatened the social services. #1454 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
86. In ancient times the sheltered harbour attracted travellers at this location. #1453 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
87. The library has a wide range of collection of images and films. #1452 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
88. Peer review is an essential part of scientific methods. #1450 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
89. Many food crops require a large amount of water and fertilizer. #1449 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
90. You do not need to have specialist knowledge to enjoy this book. #1447 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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91. You will study two core and three optional modules. #1445 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
92. Information technology has changed the way people study today. #1444 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
93. A world-renowned expert of financial management will give a guest lecture. #1442 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
94. Statistically speaking, the likelihood of this result is extremely low. #795 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
95. Students are advised that all the lectures today have been canceled. #1438 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
96. The history of economics is a tricky subject to study. #1437 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
97. Advanced technology will create growth in the economy. #1433 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
98. That means we will have some struggling overlaps. #1430 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
99. I want to make an appointment with the manager. #1427 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
100. Practical experiments are an essential part of the chemistry course. #1425 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
101. The large, wide table is not for sale. #1424 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
102. There are accounting assignments for finance students. #1423 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
103. We have a lecture in the morning of Thursday. #1422 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
104. Some vocational courses in institutions are funded by private enterprises. #1421 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
105. The stairs are to the left of the elevator. #1420 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
106. There is an accounting assignment for finance students. #1417 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
107. Close the door behind you when you leave the room. #1413 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
108. There were a lot of traffic jams this morning. #1412 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
109. Foods containing overabundant calories supply little or no nutritional value. #1411 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
110. The students will meet their new teachers after the summer vacation. #1408 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
111. A pie chart provides a useful means of data comparison. #1405 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
112. Rising inflation may indicate the increasing demands for consumer products. #1404 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
113. Please turn off the light to save energy. #1402 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
114. You can keep your bags in the backroom. #1401 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
115. Essays and assignments spread out across the academic year. #1400 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
116. New credit cards will soon use fingerprint technology. #1399 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
117. Calculators may not be used in the examination. #1398 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
118. We should have a meeting to discuss and report. #1397 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
119. Food containing too many calories provides little or no nutritional value. #1389 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
120. A National Center of Excellence is currently being built. #1273 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
121. University departments carefully monitor articles and other publications by faculty. #1385
122. The first commercial airport was built on the island relatively recently. #1384 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
123. Time was needed to process complex topics of the lectures. #1382 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
124. Resources and materials are on hold on the library reference desk. #1379 (Prediction)
Page 531 of 542

(Audio Available)
125. Financial help for undergraduate study is available on application. #1377 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
126. Students who are successful have good strategies for learning. #1374 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
127. The research will investigate the great impact of gender on social attitude. #1373 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
128. Assignments should be submitted to the department office before the deadline. #1369
129. Human beings compete with other species for resources and space. #3 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
130. All industries consist of systems as inputs, processes, outputs and feedback. #1359 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
131. The cafeteria will only serve cold meals on Friday this week. #1357 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
132. Foods containing too much sugar and calories have little or no nutritional value. #1349
133. Findings show that cocoa in dark chocolate improves memory, immunity and mood. #1348
134. The untapped potential of using the sun's rays is phenomenal. #1347 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
135. Libraries provide lots of services for students. #1344 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
136. Undergraduate students can select what interests them most in the scientific program. #1341
137. There is a separate reading list for each course. #1340 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
138. The library has a number of collections of historical and social statistical publications. #1334
139. Scientists were unsure when the early man left Africa. #1329 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
140. The capacity of programming computers is expanding enormously every year. #1328 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
141. The paper has the potential to transform life science. #1327 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
142. The tutorial timetable can be found on the course website. #1326 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
143. New media journalism is an exciting area of study. #1323 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
144. Physics students will do an additional module this year. #1287 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
145. The feedback from the students was extremely positive. #1319 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
146. All new medical school students must attend the talk about optional courses. #1310 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
147. The prevailing wind ensures the temperature extremes unwell. #1309 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
148. Undergraduate students may pursue their specific interests within certificate programs. #215
149. Members should make concentrated contributions to associated operating funds. #1303
150. Experts say reading and listening to music can reduce the stress. #1298 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
151. Social policies describe the ways in which the society meets human's needs. #1296 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
152. Food that contains antibiotics provides little or no nutritional value. #1295 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
Page 532 of 542

153. Coastal communities are vulnerable to the rising sea level. #1292 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
154. People will never learn that the life exists on the other planets. #1291 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
155. Artificial intelligence has made significant progress for the last few years. #1289 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
156. Politicians need to be more practical when they are addressing the issues. #1268 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
157. Industry experts will discuss the job opportunity in an automated workforce. #1280 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
158. Mobile devices are not allowed during the examination. #1279 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
159. The key witnesses to the event have conflicting recollections. #1278 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
160. Before architecture was invented, humans lived in underground houses. #1277 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
161. There are many concerns about the research, for example, financial considerations. #1275
162. There are so many fast food outlets on campus nowadays. #1269 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
163. There have been long streams of extreme weather since human history. #1265 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
164. Rivers provide habitats and migration pathways for numerous aquatic species. #1263
165. Electronic devices can help students to complete their assignments faster than ever before.
166. These regions were both areas of economic development. #1259 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
167. The content is to define the combination of math and philosophy. #1258 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
168. There are a variety of disciplines in the field of engineering. #1257 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
169. If you need a parking ticket, see me after the lecture. #1255 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
170. The post office will be closed on Monday and Friday afternoons. #1254 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
171. In that moment, few people moved from the town to the village. #1249 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
172. The digital revolution has changed the way we read. #1245 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
173. He wrote poetry and plays as well as scientific papers. #1238 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
174. Cells are the basic building blocks of all animals and plants. #1234 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
175. Students should take the training course to use the gym. #1233 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
176. All mobile devices must be switched off during the examination. #1232 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
177. The economic predictions turned out to be incorrect. #1231 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
178. Having clean water for human is vital for health. #1230 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
179. Industry experts will discuss the opportunities in an optimal workforce. #1228 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
180. Sympathy is a feeling of sorrow for someone who is not happy. #1226 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
181. Our aim is to transform classical teaching in the classroom. #1213 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
182. We are phasing out the disposable cups on campus. #1200 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
183. Scientific experiments are repeated in order to find results. #1193 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
184. Rising inflation means increasing goods prices and decreasing demand for products. #1183
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185. It is clear that the human population impacts the environment. #1181 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
186. You shall be studying economies of several developing countries. #1179 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
187. He was regarded as the foremost economist at that time. #1169 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
188. An essay should use evidence from both primary and secondary sources. #1168 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
189. Thousands of people turned out ahead of the prestigious election. #1153 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
190. There is no economic recognition that borrowing is necessarily bad. #1151 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
191. Understanding visual media has never been more challenging. #1148 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
192. Accommodations on campus are limited but there are more options nearby. #1144 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
193. I'm going to transform my mathematic skills to the classroom. #1136 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
194. Having strong motivation is vital for achieving your goal. #1134 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
195. Family life is difficult for parents who have shift work. #1129 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
196. The British students need to study mathematics in secondary school. #1128 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
197. Scholarships are available for both local and international students. #1125 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
198. All students have their own styles of learning. #1115 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
199. These three separate resources are not enough for this assessment. #1091 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
200. Students would develop confidence on their ability to think critically. #1087 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
201. The school canteen sells a large variety of water and food. #1084 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
202. We are researching on the most significant challenges we are facing today. #1083 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
203. The universities provide excellent leisure facilities for students and staff. #1079 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
204. The department is organizing a flight to London in July. #1074 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
205. Measures must be taken to prevent unemployment rate from increasing. #1072 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
206. Providers of higher education treat plagiarism extremely seriously. #1070 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
207. There is no fixed career path for a qualified journalist. #1068 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
208. Philosophy uses the logic and reasons to analyze human and experience. #1059 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
209. The history department is very active in research. #1055 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
210. The commissioner will portion the funds among all the sovereignties. #1052 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
211. They were struggling last year to make their service pay. #1049 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
212. Review all your sources before drawing any conclusions. #1047 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
213. It is hard to anticipate all their actions. #1046 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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214. You will be tested via continuous assessment and examinations. #1045 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
215. A good abstract highlights the key points of your paper. #1041 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
216. Students must attend the safety course before entering the engineering workshop. #1035
217. The digital camera has some advantages over traditional film. #1032 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
218. Relying on natural ability will not get you far on science. #1025 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
219. The project is divided into four main sections. #1024 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
220. Undergraduates may pursue a specific interest within certificate programs. #323 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
221. Information technology has changed the way people work today. #972 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
222. Classical mechanics is considered as a branch of mathematical physics. #936 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
223. You will be tested via a quiz and a dissertation. #926 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
224. Practical experiments are essential parts of chemical classes. #915 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
225. The goal of the company is to get investment. #910 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
226. We are dealing with the most challenges that we face today. #905 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
227. This advanced course requires a basic knowledge of economic theory. #888 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
228. There is an accounting assessment for finance students. #872 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
229. New media journalism is an interesting area for study. #868 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
230. Air pollution is a serious problem all over the world. #866 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
231. The bank is hoping to tap into a fast-growing market. #862 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
232. Neuroscience is a compound of completely separate parts. #860 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
233. The toughest part of postgraduate education is funding. #844 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
234. The application process may take longer than it's expected. #832 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
235. Tribes vied with each other to build up monolithic statues. #815 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
236. Scientists are unsure when the first man left Africa. #813 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
237. Social psychology has been considered by human behavior. #756 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
238. You will study two courses and three modules. #744 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
239. Banks charge interest for money they loan to their customers. #737 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
240. We can all meet in the office after the lecture. #729 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
241. It is necessary to dress formally for the graduation ceremony. #728 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
242. Social media is criticized for causing Internet addiction. #1013 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
243. Momentum is defined as the combination of mass and velocity. #1004 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
244. The north campus car park could be closed on Sunday. #1000 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
245. There is a widely believed perception that engineering is for boys. #988 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
246. The printers automatically print two sides of each page. #977 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
247. Archaeologists discovered tools and artefacts in ancient tombs. #974 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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248. Physics is the key subject to understand the world and universe. #967 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
249. Speak to your tutor if you need further assistance. #963 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
250. Much of the research is carried out in the laboratory. #957 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
251. Our courses help improve critical thinking and independent learning skills. #942 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
252. Your application for a research grant has been received. #938 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
253. The library holds a substantial collection of materials on economic history. #919 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
254. Many graduates studying journalism get jobs in communications field. #914 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
255. The same issue featured both the explanations and the problems. #854 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
256. We can have a lecture on the morning of Thursday. #845 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
257. We cannot consider an increase in price at this stage. #835 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
258. This paper challenged the previously accepted theories. #818 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
259. The coffee house features sandwiches, salads, soup, chicken, and fish. #794 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
260. I thought it was thrown in a small meeting room. #764 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
261. Sports teams practice on weekdays and play games on weekends. #718 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
262. Native speakers are exempt from the language tests in their own languages. #714 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
263. Listening is key to succeed in this course. #710 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
264. Human beings compete with other living things for resources and space. #707 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
265. Graduates of journalism can get a job in the communications field. #705 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
266. Everyone must evacuate the premises during the fire drill. #700 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
267. Many vocational courses in the institution are funded by private enterprises. #701 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
268. Despite their differences, all forms of lives share the same characteristics. #698 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
269. This course puts great emphasis on critical thinking skills. #669 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
270. You don't need to have specialist knowledge to be able to read the book. #668 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
271. There are more opportunities to receive the grants in most artistic fields. #663 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
272. Time and distance are used to calculate speed. #660 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
273. The poster of this play is hung in the large lecture theater. #651 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
274. Our laboratory equipment is provided free of charge. #626 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
275. More research is needed before any definitive conclusion is drawn. #621 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
276. Manufacturing now brings more people in than agriculture and fishing combined. #619
277. It would be extremely beneficial to work together. #615 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
278. Industrial experts will discuss job opportunities in an automatic labor force. #613 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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279. Global connections increased in academic communities, thanks to social media. #608
280. As student union members, we can influence the change of university. #604 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
281. Every student has a regular meeting with his or her personal tutor. #605 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
282. Continuing students will be sent necessary application forms. #600 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
283. Enrolling in a second major will increase your career options. #596 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
284. Both staff and students can purchase car parking permits online. #597 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
285. Your lowest quiz grade has been omitted from the calculations. #592 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
286. You will need to purchase an academic gown before the commencement. #590 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
287. You should include these two pictures from the lecture in your assignment. #586 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
288. You need to hand in the essay next semester. #584 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
289. You may need to purchase an academic gown before the commencement. #582 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
290. Banks charged interests from whom they lent money to. #417 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
291. Good nutrition is crucial to the general health and vitality. #240 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
292. His appointment as Minister of Culture was seen as a demotion. #186 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
293. Art is an expression of creative skills and imagination. #518 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
294. A lack of sleep can increase the chance of some illnesses. #135 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
295. A good research assistant is not afraid to ask questions. #113 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
296. You can request library books by using the electronic catalogue. #579 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
297. You can contact all your tutors by email. #576 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
298. You are required to submit your assignment by Friday. #575 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
299. You are required to complete the assignment by next Monday #573 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
300. While reconciliation is desirable, basic underlying issues must first be addressed. #569
301. When workers ask for higher wages, companies often raise their prices. #567 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
302. When launching a product, researching and marketing are very vital. #564 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
303. We study science to understand and appreciate the world around us. #559 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
304. Understanding how to use the library will save you time. #548 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
305. Undergraduates pursue their interests in special stages within the program. #547 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
306. Undergraduates need some specific sources to analyze a program. #546 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
307. Travelling by boat on the river is not possible in winter. #540 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
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308. Traffic is the main cause of air pollution in many cities. #539 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
309. To achieve full marks, an appropriate bibliography is required. #533 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
310. Those who are considering a career in marketing should attend the talk. #531 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
311. Those seeking for formal extension should contact their faculty for information. #530
312. This morning's lecture on economic policy has been cancelled. #527 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
313. This course is integrated because it has several parts. #521 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
314. They have struggled since last year to make their services paid. #517 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
315. The ways in which people communicate are constantly changing. #496 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
316. The way people communicate is constantly changing. #495 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
317. The university theatre group will be performing in the concert hall. #490 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
318. The theme of the issue was the estimation of the problem. #479 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
319. The theme of the instrumental work exhibited more of a demure, compositional style. #478
320. The theatre courses are encouraging students to access creativity. #477 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
321. The technician left the new microscope in the biology lab. #476 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
322. The teacher asked the group to commence the task. #473 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
323. The synopsis contains the most important information. #471 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
324. The sociology department is highly regarded worldwide. #464 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
325. The scientists found most of the studies today. #460 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
326. The school's summer programs help students to accelerate their studies. #459 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
327. The same issue featured both explanations of the problem. #456 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
328. The railway makes long-distance travel possible for everyone. #446 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
329. The new paper challenged the previously accepted theories. #430 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
330. The nation achieved prosperity by opening its ports for trade. #427 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
331. The massive accumulation of data was converted into a communicable argument. #420
332. The island is located at the south end of the bay. #411 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
333. The first assignment is due on the fourteenth of September. #404 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
334. The extent of advertising for children is open to much debate. #397 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
335. The excursion for children is very much open to debate. #396 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
336. The economy is now on its first signs of recovery. #387 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
337. The early works were more philosophical rather than experimental. #384 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
338. The commissioner will allocate the funds among other authorities. #365 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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339. The city's founders created a set of rules that became laws. #361 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
340. The chemistry building is located near the entrance of the campus. #360 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
341. The campus tour will help you to get familiar with the teaching facilities. #358 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
342. The cafeteria features sandwiches, salads, soup, fish and chicken. #356 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
343. The business plan seminar includes an internship with a local firm. #354 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
344. The bar chart provides useful means of data comparison. #351 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
345. The author's early works are less philosophical and more experimental. #350 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
346. The author's previous works are more philosophical and less experimental. #349 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
347. The artists tied with the conservative politicians earned the roles of critics. #346 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
348. The artists other than politicians earned credits of their own roles as critics. #345 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
349. The application process may take longer than expected. #332 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
350. The aerial photographs were promptly registered for thorough evaluation. #330 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
351. The advertisement for children is open to much debate. #329 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
352. Supply and demand is one of the most fundamental concepts in economics. #320 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
353. Students who are successful have a good strategy for learning. #314 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
354. Students were instructed to submit their assignments by Friday. #313 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
355. Students have the options to live in college residences or apartments. #308 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
356. Student concession cards can be obtained by completing an application form. #307 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
357. Sea levels are expected to rise during the next century. #280 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
358. Scientists are always asking the government for more money. #277 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
359. Safety glasses should be worn while doing experiments in the lab. #273 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
360. Review all resources before drawing your conclusions. #269 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
361. Resources and materials are on hold at the library's reference desk. #268 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
362. Remember, the prestigious section has strict eligibility criteria. #267 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
363. Remember to sign the attendance register before leaving the lecture hall. #265 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
364. Radio is a popular form of entertainment throughout the world. #258 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
365. Participants are initially selected from a range of foundation subjects. #234 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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366. Nurses specialize in clinical work and management. #213 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
367. Novelists write things about things they know about. #212 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
368. Newspapers are supported primarily by the sale of advertising space. #210 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
369. Mutually exclusive events can be described as either complementary or opposite. #206
370. Most of these features were part of the previous system. #200 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
371. Most of the students have not considered this issue before. #198 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
372. Making mistakes is fine, as long as you learn from it. #188 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
373. Making a mistake is fine as long as you've learnt from it. #187 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
374. Library reference desks hold a lot of materials on academic history. #184 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
375. Let me know if anyone struggles in the lab. #183 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
376. Lectures are the oldest and the most formal teaching method at universities. #179 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
377. It was hard to anticipate how all the different characters would react. #175 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
378. It is important to make clear notes while you are reading. #169 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
379. It is absolutely vital to allocate your resources. #165 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
380. It is absolutely vital that you acknowledge all your sources. #164 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
381. If you need additional help, visit the student resolve center. #154 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
382. If you need additional help, please visit the university resources center. #153 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
383. If finance is a cause of concern, scholarships may be available. #150 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
384. Good research delivers practical knowledge to real people. #130 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
385. Good research delivers practical benefit to real people. #129 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
386. Geography is generally divided into two branches: human and physical. #128 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
387. Experts are now able to forecast weather over much longer periods. #118 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
388. Economic problems caused a big rise in unemployment. #104 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
389. Doctoral writings have the structure in place as well as scientific papers. #100 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
390. Despite the differences, all forms of lives share the same characteristics. #98 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
391. Daily practice can build confidence and improve skills. #97 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
392. Control systems in manufacturing provide a high level of accuracy. #93 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
393. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice. #86 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
394. Climate change is now an acceptable phenomenon among a group of reputable scientists. #85
395. Please click the logo above to enter the site. #83 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
396. Cell is the most basic building block for all animals and plants. #80 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
397. Calculations may not be needed in this examination. #77 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
398. Before submitting your dissertation, your advisor must approve your application. #69 (Prediction)
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(Audio Available)
399. Before attending the lecture, you must register online or by post. #67 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
400. Assignments should be submitted to the department before the deadline. #62 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
401. Artists, other than politicians, played their own roles as critics of the culture. #61 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
402. Animals raised in captivity behave differently than their wild counterparts. #59 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
403. Although sustainable development is not easy, it is an unavoidable responsibility. #51
404. All students are expected to attend ten lab sessions per semester. #46 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
405. All of the assignments must be submitted in person to the faculty office. #43 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
406. All lectures and learning materials can be found on the internet. #42 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
407. Accountant students should have a good understanding of profit and loss statement. #34
408. A very basic feature of computing is counting and calculating. #31 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
409. A massive accumulation of data was converted to a communicable argument. #26 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
410. A good architecture is always very useful, durable and beautiful. #23 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
411. A good architectural structure should be usable, durable and beautiful. #22 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
412. A celebrated theory is still the source of great controversy. #20 (Prediction) (Audio Available)
413. Free campus tour runs daily during summer for prospective students. #16 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
414. The artists and conservative politicians earn their rules of politics. #1 (Prediction)
(Audio Available)
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Page 542 of 542

PTE APEUni March Prediction

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PTE Prediction: 1 Mar ~ 31 Mar (1/3 update)

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1. Dynamics (New) (Prediction)

2. sleep behavior (Prediction) (Incomplete)

3. Summary and Abstract (Prediction)

4. Deaf Children (Prediction)

5. Drug Overdose Deaths (Prediction)

6. European Wildcats (Prediction)

8. Aromatic Substance (Prediction)

9. Barley Grains (Prediction)

10. Hydrogen Fuel (Prediction)

11. Organic Molecules (Prediction)

12. Injury or Disease (Prediction)

13. Thermometer (Prediction)

14. Protein Tau (Prediction)

15. Effects of Alcohol (Prediction)

16. Stretchable System (Prediction)

17. Natural Networks (Prediction)

18. Black Hole (Prediction)

19. Smellicopter (Prediction)

20. Electric Current (Prediction)

21. Planet Nine (Prediction)

(APEUni Website / App RA #414)

22. Superhighway Network (Prediction)

23. Burial (Prediction)

24. Mice (Prediction)

25. Memory Coding (Prediction)

26. Statistical Information (B) (Prediction)

27. Chasing the Flame (Prediction)

28. Problem of Funding (Prediction)

29. Moon (Prediction)

30. US Market (Prediction)

31. Madagascar (Prediction) (Shadowing)

32. Disease Model (Prediction)

33. Self-motivation (Prediction) (Shadowing)

34. USA Uniforms (Prediction) (Shadowing)

35. Electricity Discoveries (Prediction)

36. Thesis (B) (Prediction)

37. Telecommunication (Prediction) (Shadowing)

38. Negative Immigration (Prediction) (Shadowing)

39. Different Dimensions (Prediction) (Shadowing)

40. Starry Night (Prediction) (Shadowing)

41. Market Research (Prediction) (Shadowing)

42. Microscopic Invaders (Prediction) (Shadowing)

that can help mount an assault on these bio-villains.

43. Credit Unions (Prediction) (Shadowing)

44. Legal System (Prediction) (Shadowing)

45. Useful Resource (Prediction) (Shadowing)

46. Closure Activities (Prediction) (Shadowing)

47. Language Acquisition (Prediction)

48. Zoom (Prediction)

49. Critical Protein (Prediction)

50. Child-deliverying (Prediction)

51. Sake Yeast (Prediction)

52. Stone Tools (Prediction)

53. Brain Scans (Prediction)

54. Artificial Intelligence (Prediction)

55. Cosmic Rays (Prediction)