All Maths Formulas

All Maths Formulas for Class 10
1. Real Numbers:
Euclid’s Division Algorithm (lemma): According to Euclid’s Division Lemma if

we have two positive integers a and b, then there exist unique integers q and r
such that a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r ≤ b. (Here, a = dividend, b = divisor, q =
quotient and r = remainder.)
HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b.
Let x = p q be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation of q is not of the form 2n 5m,
where n, m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is non-terminating
repeating (recurring)
2. Polynomials:
(i) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(ii) (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(iii) a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
(iv) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
(v) (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)
(vi) a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
(vii) a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
(viii) a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2 = (a2 + b2) (a2 – b2) = (a2 + b2) (a + b) (a – b)
(ix) (a + b + c) 2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
(x) (a + b – c) 2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab – 2bc – 2ca
(xi) (a – b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab – 2bc + 2ca
(xii) (a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab + 2bc – 2ca
(xiii) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
3. Linear Equations in Two Variables:
(i) If a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2 unique solution, consistent.
(ii) If a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2, no solution, inconsistent.
(iii) If a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2, many solutions, consistent.
4. Quadratic Equation:
For a quadratic equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0
 α+β= –b/a
 αβ = c/a
 x2 – (α+β)x + αβ = 0
 Important Formulas - Boats and Streams
(i) Downstream
In water, the direction along the stream is called downstream.
HAPPY LEARNING
(ii) Upstream
In water, the direction against the stream is called upstream.
(iii) Let the speed of a boat in still water be u km/hr and the speed of the stream be v km/hr,
then
Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr

Speed upstream = (u - v) km/hr.
5. Arithmetic Progression:
 an = a + (n−1)×d
 Sn = n/2 [a+l]
6. Similarity of Triangles:
 If two triangles are similar then ratio of their sides are equal.
7. Coordinate Gemetry:
 Distance Formulae: Consider a line having two point A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2),
then the distance of these points is given as:
 Section Formula: If a point p divides a line AB with coordinates A(x1,

y1) and B(x2, y2), in ratio m:n, then the coordinates of the point p are given as:
 Mid Point Formula: The coordinates of the mid-point of a line AB with

coordinates A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), are given as:
 Area of a Triangle: Consider the triangle formed by the points A(x1,

y1) and B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) then the area of a triangle is given as-
HAPPY LEARNING
8. Trigonometry:
Important trigonometric properties: (with P = perpendicular, B = base and

H = hypotenuse)
 SinA = P / H
 CosA = B / H
 TanA = P / B
 CotA = B / P
 CosecA = H / P
 SecA = H/B
Trigonometric Identities:
 sin2A + cos2A=1
 tan2A +1 = sec2A
 cot2A + 1= cosec2A
Relations between trigonometric identities are given below:
Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles are given as follows:

 sin (90° – A) = cos A
 cos (90° – A) = sin A
 tan (90° – A) = cot A
 cot (90° – A) = tan A
 sec (90° – A) = cosec A
 cosec (90° – A) = sec A
Values of Trigonometric Ratios of 0° and 90° are tabulated below:
HAPPY LEARNING
9. Circles:
Important properties related to circles:
 Equal chord of a circle are equidistant from the centre.
 The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle, bisects the chord of the
circle.
 The angle subtended at the centre by an arc = Double the angle at any part of
the circumference of the circle.
 Angles subtended by the same arc in the same segment are equal.
 To a circle, if a tangent is drawn and a chord is drawn from the point of contact,
then the angle made between the chord and the tangent is equal to the angle
made in the alternate segment.
 The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is always 180o.

Important formulas related to circles:
Here, Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of ∆ OAB
10. Mensuration:
HAPPY LEARNING

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All Maths Formulas for Class 10

Euclid’s Division Algorithm (lemma): According to Euclid’s Division Lemma if

HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b.

3. Linear Equations in Two Variables:

(i) If a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2 unique solution, consistent.

(ii) If a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2, no solution, inconsistent.

(iii) If a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2, many solutions, consistent.

For a quadratic equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0

Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr

 Section Formula: If a point p divides a line AB with coordinates A(x1,

 Mid Point Formula: The coordinates of the mid-point of a line AB with

 Area of a Triangle: Consider the triangle formed by the points A(x1,

Important trigonometric properties: (with P = perpendicular, B = base and

Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles are given as follows:

Values of Trigonometric Ratios of 0° and 90° are tabulated below:

 The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is always 180o.

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