NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRIC DRIVES
(EEEEC17)
Submitted by
 List of Experiments
(To be performed using MATLAB Software)
1. Study of single-phase fully controlled rectifier feeding RLE load.

2. Study of three-phase inverter with 120-degree mode of

conduction.
3. Study of chopper circuits (Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost).
4. Regenerative / Dynamic braking operation for DC Motor.
5. Study of V/f control operation of 3phase induction motor drive.
6. Study of Chopper fed DC Drive.
7. PWM Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor control.
8. Study of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive fed by
PWM Inverter.
 EXPERIMENT -1

AIM: Study of single-phase fully controlled rectifier feeding RLE

load.

APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
It is one of the most popular converter circuits and is widely used in the speed
control of separately excited dc machines. Indeed, the R–L–E load may
represent the electrical equivalent circuit of a separately excited dc motor. The
single phase fully controlled bridge converter is obtained by replacing all the
diode of the corresponding uncontrolled converter by thyristors. Thyristors T1
and T2 are fired together while T3 and T4 are fired 180º after T1 and T2. From
the circuit diagram of Fig above, it is clear that for any load current to flow at
least one thyristor from the top group (T1, T3) and one thyristor from the
bottom group (T2, T4) must conduct. It can also be argued that neither T1T3
nor T2T4 can conduct simultaneously. For example whenever T3 and T4 are in
the forward blocking state and a gate pulse is applied to them, they turn ON
and at the same time a negative voltage is applied across T1 and T2
commutating them immediately. Similar argument holds for T1 and T2.For the
same reason T1T4 or T2T3 cannot conduct simultaneously. Therefore, the only
possible conduction modes when the current i0 can flow are T1T2 and T3T4. It
is possible that at a given moment none of the thyristors conduct. This
situation will typically occur when the load current becomes zero in between
the firings of T1T2 and T3T4. Once the load current becomes zero all thyristors
remain off. In this mode the load current remains zero. Consequently the
converter is said to be operating in the discontinuous conduction mode.
Conduction table shows the voltage across different devices and the dc output
voltage during each of these conduction modes. It is to be noted that
whenever T1 and T2 conducts, the voltage across T3 and T4 becomes –vi.
Therefore T3 and T4 can be fired only when vi is negative i.e, over the negative
half cycle of the input supply voltage. Similarly T1 and T2 can be fired only over
the positive half cycle of the input supply. The voltage across the devices when
none of the thyristors conduct depends on the off state impedance of each
device. Under 3 normal operating condition of the converter the load current
may or may not remain zero over some interval of the input voltage cycle. If i0
is always greater than zero then the converter is said to be operating in the
continuous conduction mode. In this mode of operation of the converter T1T2
and T3T4 conducts for alternate half cycle of the input supply. However, in the
discontinuous conduction mode none of the thyristors conduct over some
portion of the input cycle. The load current remains zero during that period.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MATLAB CIRCUIT:

MATLAB RESULT (WAVE FORMS):

CONCLUSION:
Here, the derived simulations of various components of the circuit,
defines it’s operation wrt. time.
Scope shows the following parameters:
1. Input AC Voltage
2. Output Voltage
3. Input Current
4. Output Current

The source voltage is sinusoidal in nature.

For any load current to flow at least one thyristor from the top group
(T1, T3) and one thyristor from the bottom group (T2, T4) must
conduct.
It is to be noted that whenever T1 and T2 conducts, the voltage
across T3 and T4 becomes –Vi. Therefore, T3 and T4 can be fired only
over the negative half cycle of the input supply voltage. Similarly, T1
and T2 can be fired only over the positive half cycle of the input
supply.
Here Output Current is always greater than zero therefore the
converter is said to be operating in the continuous conduction mode.
The Output Voltage and Output Current are accordingly obtained in
the scope.
 EXPERIMENT -2

AIM: Study of three-phase inverter with 120-degree mode of

conduction

APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
During the first 120 degree and T1 conducts with T6 for 60 degree and then
conducts with T2 for another 60 degree. The T3 is conduct for 120 degree (from
120 to 240) for 60 (from 120 to 180) with T2 and then Conduct another 60
(from
180 to 240) with T4. The T5 is conducts 120 (from 240 to 360) with T4 for 60
(from 240 to 300) and then conducts for another 60 (from 300 to 360) with T6.
The conduction sequence is written as T6 T1and T1 T2and T2 T3and T3 T4and
T4 T5and T5 T6and and T6 voltages are obtained.

Values given to the Circuit Given:

Vs= 24V
Step1: To determine RMS value of line voltage Vline = 0.707*Vs =16.968V
Step2: To determine the RMS value of phase voltage
Vphase = ((Vline)/root3) =9.79V
MATLAB important step to enter input in pulse generator:
Frequency=50Hz, Therefore Time period=0.02s
For Thyristor 1 firing angle at 0o Phase delay=((0)/360)*0.02
For Thyristor 2 firing angle at 60o Phase delay=((60)/360)*0.02
For Thyristor 3 firing angle at 120o Phase delay=((120)/360)*0.02
For Thyristor 4 firing angle at 180o Phase delay=((180)/360)*0.02

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MATLAB CIRCUIT:

MATLAB RESULT (WAVE FORMS):

Voltage Measurement: Phase to Phase

Voltage Measurement: Phase to Ground

CONCLUSION:
1. Phase voltage has one positive and one negative pulse in a cycle of output
alternating voltage. These positive & negative pulses are of the same duration of
120°.
2. The line voltage has six steps per cycle of output alternating voltage.
 EXPERIMENT - 3
AIM: Study of chopper circuits (Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost).
APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
These dc-to-dc converters do not have any isolation transformer between input
and output stages. Some of the commonly used dc-to-dc converters without
isolation are: a. Buck converter b. Boost converter c. Buck-boost converter The
buck converter is step-down converter (output voltage ˂ input voltage) whereas
Boost converter is a step-up converter (output voltage > input voltage). The
buckboost
converter is derived from step-up and step-down converters. The buck-boost
converter can be operated in step-up or step-down mode depends on the duty
cycle of switch (ton / T ), where ton is the duration for which switch is on and T
is
the switching time period

Buck Converter: The buck converter is step-down converter (output voltage ˂

input voltage)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Diagram 1
Values given to the Circuit Design:
Given: VO =15V, VS= 48V, R = 8.1, fS= 40 kHz
Step 1: To determine the duty ratio D= (VO/VS) = (15/45) =0.3125 i.e. 31.25 %
Step 2: To determine the inductance value
Lmin = (((1-D)*R)/2f) = (((1-0.3125)*8)/2*40*103 ) = 68.75uH
Assuming inductance to be 25% larger for inductor Current to be continuous we
have, Lmin = 85.93uH
Step 3: To determine the capacitance value C= ((1-D)/(8L( VO/VO)f2 )
Assuming ripple ( VO/VO) to be less than 5% C = 125.01uf
MATLAB important step to enter input in pulse generator:
Period=2.5e-5 , Pulse width =D=31.25.
Boost Converter: Boost converter is a step-up converter (output voltage >
input
voltage)

Diagram 2

Values given to the Circuit:

Given: VO= 18V, VS = 12V, fS = 25kHz, P=20W
Step 1: To determine the duty ratio,
D=(1-(VS/VO)) = (1-(12/18))= 0.333 i.e. 33.33%
Step 2: To determine the inductance value
Lmin=((D(1-D)2R)/2f)= ((0.333(1-0.333)2*8)/2*25*103 )=47.99uH
Note: R can be calculated by using R = V2/P Assuming inductance to be 25%
larger for inductor current to be continuous we have Lmin = 60uH
Step 3: To determine the capacitance value C =(D/(R( VO/VO)f)) Assuming
ripple ( VO/VO) to be less than 5% C = 16.44uf
MATLAB important step to enter input in pulse generator:
Period=4e-5 , Pulse width=D=33.33
Buck-Boost Converter:
The buck-boost converter is derived from step-up and step-down converters.
The
buck-boost converter can be operated in step-up or step-down mode depends on
the duty cycle of switch (ton / T ).

Diagram 3

Values given to the Circuit Given:

VO = 50V, VS = 40V, fS = 25kHz, P = 75W
Step 1: To determine the duty ratio VO =-VS *(D/(1-D)) i.e D = 0.5555
(55.55%)
Step 2: To determine the inductance value
Lmin=((1-D)2*R/2f)= ((1-0.5555)2*33.33/2*25*103 )= 132 uH
Assuming inductance to be 25% larger for inductor current to be continuous we
have, Lmin = 165 uH
Step 3: To determine the capacitance value C =(D/(R( VO/VO)f)) Assuming
ripple ( VO/VO) to be less than 5% C = 16.44uf
11
MATLAB important step to enter input in pulse generator:
Period=4e-5 , Pulse width=D=55.55

MATLAB CIRCUIT:
Buck Convertor

Boost Converter
Buck-Boost Converter

MATLAB RESULT (WAVE FORMS):

Buck Converter Output Waveform
Boost Converter Output Waveform

Buck-Boost Converter Output Waveform

CONCLUSION:
When, D = 0; Vo = 0
When D = 0.5, Vo = VS
When, D = 1, Vo = ∞
Hence, in the interval 0 ≤ D ≤ 0.5, output voltage varies in the range 0 ≤ VO ≤
VS
and we get step down or Buck operation. Whereas, in the interval 0.5 ≤ D ≤ 1,
output voltage varies in the range VS ≤ VO ≤ ∞ and we get step up or Boost
operation.
Thus, we conclude that the output voltage of the chopper depends on the Duty
cycle (D).
 EXPERIMENT - 4
AIM: Regenerative / Dynamic braking operation for DC Motor.
APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

For Dynamic Braking:

For Regenerative Braking:
 MATLAB CIRCUIT:

Regenerative breaking

Dynamic breaking

MATLAB RESULT(WAVEFORMS):
CONCLUSION:

We have studied about regenerative breaking and dynamic breaking

and came to a conclusion and as regenerative breaking is the driven
load causes the DC motor to run at speeds higher than its no-load speed
and dynamic breaking as it allows you to break a motor by reversing
the torque's direction. From the above matlab experiments performed.
 EXPERIMENT - 5
AIM: Study of V/f control operation of 3phase induction motor drive.
APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MATLAB CIRCUIT:
MATLAB RESULT(WAVEFORMS):
 CONCLUSION:

From the above experiment performed on the matlab we draw the following:
Open-loop V/f Control was implemented using MATLAB and it was observed that
by varying the supply frequency and terminal voltage such that the V/f ratio
remains the same, the flux produced by the stator remained constant. As a result,
the maximum torque of the motor remained constant across the speed range.

Closed-loop V/f Control used a Proportional Controller to process the error

between the actual rotor speed and reference speed and used this to vary the
supply frequency. The Voltage Source Inverter varied the magnitude of the
Terminal Voltage accordingly so that the V/f ratio remained the same. It was
observed that again the maximum torque remained constant across the speed
range. Hence, the motor was fully utilized and successful speed control was
achieved
 EXPERIMENT – 6

AIM: Study of Chopper fed DC Drive.

APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MATLAB CIRCUIT:

MATLAB RESULT(WAVEFORMS):
 CONCLUSION:

We studied about chopper fed control dc drive and simulated it on matlab.

Initially the torque was 63 n-m and speed increases linearly. When speed
reaches the desired value 113 rpm. The torque started decreasing and
became constant.
 EXPERIMENT - 7
AIM: PWM Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor control.
APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MATLAB CIRCUIT:
MATLAB RESULT(WAVEFORMS):
CONCLUSION:

We simulated a model of PWM inverter and plotted its graph on Matlab and
analyzed the behavior of induction motor when supplied with variable
frequency supply.
 EXPERIMENT – 8

AIM: Study of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive fed by

PWM Inverter.
APPARATUS REQ.:
1. Laptop MSI GL-65
2. MATLAB Software Version R2020a

THEORY:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MATLAB CIRCUIT:

MATLAB RESULT(WAVEFORMS):
CONCLUSION:

From the above experiment performed on matlab meaningful conclusions

can be drawn.

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