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Road to Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination

Writing notes (7) (常用詞語的搭配)

A. Collocations using the most Common Words

1. ability (能力)

1. cultivate (培養) 1. outstanding (卓越的) ability

2. nurture (培養) 2. athletic (運動的)

3. possess (擁有) 3. creative (創意的)

4. enhance (提升) 4. acting (演戲的)

5. demonstrate (展示) 5. linguistic (語言的)

Example: Participating in the rugby club can nurture your athletic ability.

Example: We can enhance our linguistic ability through reading and writing extensively.

Example: Steven Chow demonstrated outstanding acting ability in the drama.

2. acceptance (接納)

1. win 1. complete acceptance

2. gain 2. general

3. widespread

4. public

Example: After the scandal, Kobe Bryant won general acceptance from the American public with

his brilliant performance on the court.

Example: Patrick Chan and Calvin Sun have gained widespread acceptance among senior form

students with their excellent teaching.

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3. advice (建議)

1. give (給) 1. some advice

2. take / follow (跟從) 2. my (我的)

3. seek 3. constructive (建設性)

4. disregard 4. valuable (寶貴)

5. professional (專業)

Example: In this article, I will give you some advice on how to nurture your children.

Example: We can seek constructive advice from our teachers.

Example: Anita Mui disregarded the professional advice of doctors and refused to receive cancer

treatment.

4. ambition (抱負)
1. achieve / realize (達成) 1. personal (個人) ambition

Example: In order to realize his personal ambition of becoming a great basketball player, Kobe

Bryant has been determined and persistence in his whole career.

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5. argument (爭論/論點)

1. have (有) 1. heated / bitter (激烈的) argument (s)

2. settle (解決) 2. convincing (有說服力的)

3. come up with (提出) 3. groundless (毫無根據的)

4. put forward (提出)

5. refute (反駁)

Example: Before the murder, the couple had a heated argument.

Example: We can settle our bitter argument with our family through genuine communication.

Example: The government did not come up with convincing arguments to persuade the public to

accept the constitutional reform proposal.

Example: The arguments the environmentalists put forward are groundless.

6. attack (攻擊)
1. launch (發動) 1. fierce (猛烈的) attack

2. come under (遭受) 2. scathing (尖刻的)

3. vicious (惡毒的)

Example: The newspapers on the mainland launched fierce attack on the pro-democracy camp.

Example: The officials of FIFA have come under attack for the corruption scandal.
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7. attention (留心)

1. draw / capture / attract 1. public (公眾的) attention

/grasp (吸引) 2. close (密切的)

2. deserve (值得) 3. full (完全的)

3. distract (分散)

4. pay (留心)

Example: The corruption scandals of former government officials have drawn public attention.

Example: The private life of celebrities often attracts public attention.

Example: The problem of global warming deserves our close attention.

Example: Although smartphones are useful, they distract our attention.

Example: Students pay full attention in tutorial classes.

8. attitude (態度)
1. adopt (採取) 1. positive attitude

2. take (採取) 2. negative

3. display (表現) 3. right

4. inculcate (灌輸) 4. sympathetic

5. indifferent

6. hostile

Example: Students should adopt more positive attitude towards academic pursuit.

Example: The public display hostile attitude towards the 12-year-old illegal immigrant.

Example: Apart from imparting knowledge, teachers should inculcate the right attitude in
students.
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9. award (獎項)

1. give 1. major (主要) award

2. receive 2. prestigious (有名譽的)

3. win 3. top (最高的)

Example: Kobe Bryant has received many prestigious awards, such as the NBA championship, the
NBA Most Valuable Player Award and two Olympic gold medals in his illustrious basketball career.

Example: As one of the greatest writers in modern Chinese history, Lu Xun failed to win the Nobel
Literature Award.

10. awareness (意識)

1. arouse (引起) 1. public (公眾) awareness

2. raise (提升) 2. civic (公民)

3. heighten (提升) 3. strong

Example: The government aims to arouse public awareness of the Middle East Respiratory

Syndrome.

Example: In the 1970s, the Hong Kong government organized the Clean Hong Kong Campaign to

raise civic awareness.

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11. assistance (援助)

1. offer 1. financial assistance

2. provide 2. practical

3. render (提供) 3. emergency

4. receive

Example: The government should provide more financial assistance for the students at the
lowest rung of society.

Example: The victims of the Sichuan earthquake received a lot of emergency assistance from
Hong Kong people.

12. audience (觀眾)

1. attract 1. vast audience

2. appeal to (吸引) 2. appreciative

3. captivate (扣人心弦) 3. indifferent

4. grip (扣人心弦)

5. touch (感動)

6. reach (使產生共鳴)

Example: No longer can TVB dramas appeal to the vast audience in Hong Kong.

Example: The magnificent performance by the pianist captivated appreciative audience.

Example: Korean dramas can often touch the audience.

Example: Movies featuring Stephen Chow and Andy Lau can reach the audience.
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13. balance (平衡)

1. strike (取得) 1. ideal (理想) balance

2. maintain (維持) 2. right

3. upset (破壞) 3. work-life

Example: The government needs to strike a balance between public order and freedom of

expression.

Example: Working overtime will upset our work-life balance.

14. belief (信念)

1. hold 1. strong belief

2. share 2. fervent (熱烈的)

3. foster (促進) 3. unshakable (堅定不移)

4. deep-seated (根深柢固)

Example: Lee Kuan-yew held the strong belief that democratization was detrimental to China.

Example: The students of Billy Ng share the unshakable belief that they can achieve excellent
results in the HKDSE.

Example: China’s dependence on agriculture fostered the deep-seated belief that men are
superior to women.
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15. benefit (好處/優勢)

1. gain (取得) 1. obvious benefit

2. reap (取得) 2. economic

3. provide 3. fringe (附加)

4. yield (產生) 4. considerable (相當多)

5. short-term

6. long-term

Example: Hong Kong has reaped considerable economic benefits with the burgeoning economic
growth in China.

Example: The company should provide more fringe benefits for its employees.

Example: Reading the South China Morning Post will yield long-term benefits.

16. blame (指責)

1. pin (置以) 1. the blame

2. place (置以)

3. attach (置以)

4. escape (逃避)

5. shift (推卸)

6. bear (承擔)

Example: Some pro-Beijing critics pin the blame on the Umbrella Movement for the declining
number of mainland tourists in recent months.

Example: Responsible leaders should not escape the blame for poor governance.

Example: The official insisted that he would bear the blame for the spread of the epidemic.
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17. career (事業)

1. start 1. lifelong (終生) career

2. embark on (開展) 2. profitable (有利可圖的)

3. build 3. lucrative (有利可圖的)

4. carve out (苦心經營) 4. promising (有前景的)

5. pursue (追求) 5. fulfilling (讓人滿足的)

6. abandon (放棄) 6. stable (穩定的)

7. ruin (推毀)

Example: Bill Gates embarked on his lucrative career after quitting Harvard University.

Example: Despite early setbacks, Lin Dan carved out his badminton career and became the world
champion and won two Olympic gold medals.

Example: In order to pursue a promising career, many sixth-formers would like to study Business
Administration at university.

Example: The artist has abandoned his fulfilling career with a view to spending more time with his
autistic son.

Example: Trafficking drugs will ruin your future career.

18. campaign (宣傳運動)

1. start 1. effective campaign

2. launch (開展) 2. successful

3. initiate (開展) 3. public

4. wage (開展)

Example: The government launched an effective campaign against corruption in the 1970s.

Example: The government has initiated a public campaign to discourage dangerous driving.
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19. change (改變)

1. lead to (導致) 1. drastic change
2. bring about (導致) 2. far-reaching
3. make (作出) 3. fundamental
4. undergo (進行) 4. significant
5. force (強迫) 5. minimal
6. propose (提出)
7. adapt to (適應)
8. resist (反抗)
Example: The open-door policy led to drastic changes in China.

Example: Many politicians in Britain have proposed far-reaching changes in the electoral system
of the country.

Example: It is extremely difficult for mainland immigrants to adapt to the significant changes in
their lifestyle in Hong Kong.

Example: The Self-strengthening Movement fizzled out as Cixi resisted significant changes in
Qing’s political system.

20. chance (機會)

1. seize (抓緊) 1. excellent chance
2. grasp (抓緊) 2. high
3. blow (浪費) 3. slim (渺茫)
4. stand (擁有)
5. provide (提供)
6. boost (提升)
7. maximize (最大化)
8. minimize (減到最低)
Example: Please seize this excellence chance of enhancing your English.

Example: He blew the chance of salvaging his marriage as he refused to apologize to his wife.

Example: Many students hold the belief that attending tutorial classes can boost their chance of
entering university.

Example: Eating vegetables regularly can minimize the chance of suffering from colon cancer.
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21. challenge (挑戰)

1. face (面對) 1. great challenge

2. meet (面對) 2. enormous

3. respond to(迎戰) 3. tough (艱巨的)

4. rise to (迎戰) 4. real

5. accept (接受)

Example: Despite facing enormous challenges in his basketball career, Michael Jordan succeeded
in leading Chicago Bulls to win six NBA championships and becoming the greatest basketball player
in history.

Example: In order to respond to the tough challenge of the HKDSE, we need to be determined
and persistent.

Example: During the Asian Financial Crisis, Donald Tsang rose to the challenge from George Soros
and prevented a complete collapse of the stock market.

22. complaint (投訴)

1. make (作出) complaint

2. file (作出)

3. lodge (作出)

4. investigate (調查)

Example: I am writing to file a complaint about the poor services of Disneyland.

Example: The users of Babykingdom lodged a complaint about the pornographic programme of
TVB broadcast every Sunday

Example: The police are investigating protestors’ complaints slowly.

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23. competition (競爭)

1. engage in (參與) 1. intense (劇烈) competition

2. involved in (牽涉) 2. stiff (劇烈)

3. fierce (劇烈)

4. cut-throat (劇烈)

Example: In order to scramble for university places, sixth-formers engage in stiff competition in

the HKDSE.

Example: Korean artists are involved in cut-throat competition in the entertainment industry. For

those who are fortunate, they are shot to fame overnight. For those who fail, they may give up

themselves and even commit suicide.

24. comparison (比較)

1. make 1. meaningful comparison

2. draw 2. fair

Example: People often make a comparison between the economic and political development of

Hong Kong and Singapore.

Example: It is difficult to draw a comparison between Café de Coral and McDonald’s.

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25. concern (關注)

1. arouse (引起) 1. major (重要) concern

2. raise (引起) 2. deep (深切)

3. express (表達) 3. serious (嚴重)

4. air (表達) 4. growing (增長的)

5. voice (表達) 5. public (公眾)

6. There has been (一直有) 6. international (國際)

Example: The recent suicides of primary and secondary school students have aroused deep

concern about the mental health of our next generation.

Example: I am writing to voice my serious concern about the animal abuse problem.

Example: There has been growing concern about the supply of milk powder during the Christmas

and Lunar New Year holidays.

Example: Frequent mechanical failures in MTR trains have raised public concern about the

reliability of the system.

Example: The fire disaster in Bangladesh raised international concern about the safety of the

factories in developing countries.

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26. confidence (信心)

1. have 1. great confidence

2. lose (失去) 2. high

3. restore (重建) 3. full

4. inspire (激起) 4. growing

5. instill (注入) 5. public

6. gain (獲得)

7. lack (缺乏)

8. boost (提升)

9. enhance (提升)

10. shatter (打擊)

11. shake (動搖)

Example: Stephen Curry has great confidence in winning more NBA championships.

Example: The Korean public lost confidence in the government’s ability to tackle the outbreak of

MERS.

Example: YY Lam instills confidence in his students during his regular course.

Example: Due to poor physical appearance, he lacks confidence.

Example: Successive victories have boosted Lee Wai-sze’s confidence in winning a gold medal in

the 2016 Olympics.

Example: Incessant knee injuries have shattered Derek Rose’s confidence.

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27. condition (情況)

a) v. + condition

1. create 1. favourable (有利的) condition

2. improve 2. appalling (嚇人的)

3. aggravate 3. difficult

4. critical (緊急的)

5. optimum (適合的)

Example: The pleasant climate creates favourable conditions for the growth of crops.

Example: I hope that effort is made to improve the appalling conditions of the hotel.

Example: The devastating earthquake aggravated the conditions of Haitian residents.

b) condition + v.

1. favourable (有利的) condition 1. exists (存在)

2. appalling (嚇人的) 2. crops up (出現)

3. difficult 3. appears (出現)

4. critical (緊急的)

5. optimum (適合的)

6. unexpected (沒有預計的)

Example: When unexpected conditions crop up, we should keep calm.

Example: You may feel anxious in the run-up to the HKDSE next year. When this condition

appears, seek advice from friends and teachers.

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28. consideration (考慮)

1. take into 1. careful consideration

2. serious

Example: Foreign universities often take students’ participation in extra-curricular activities into

consideration when processing their applications.

29. contact (聯絡/接觸)

1. have 1. daily contact

2. establish (建立) 2. face-to-face

3. lose 3. physical

4. avoid 4. frequent

5. maintain (維持)

Example: Socially-withdrawn adolescents do not like to have face-to-face contact with people.

Example: During the peak season of influenza, we should avoid physical contact with people who

are coughing and sneezing.

Example: When Sun Yat-sen was studying in Japan, he maintained frequent contact with other

revolutionaries in China.
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30. cost (成本/代價)

1. incur (承受) 1. high cost

2. cover (抵償) 2. exorbitant (高昂的)

3. increase

4. reduce

Example: The government will incur high cost in constructing the third runway at Chek Lap Kok

Airport.

Example: HKTV is going to halt the production of dramas as the exorbitant cost cannot be

covered.

Example: Cooking at home can reduce our cost of living.

31. courage (勇氣)

1. require 1. great courage

2. have 2. tremendous

3. pluck up (鼓起)

Example: Former Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa said to legislators, “Resignation requires

courage. Staying requires even greater courage.”

Example: She eventually plucked up courage and joined the Debate Club.
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32. crime (罪案)

1. commit (犯) 1. serious crime

2. deter (阻嚇) 2. violent

3. eradicate (消除) 3. teenage / juvenile

4. stamp out (消除)

5. combat (打擊)

6. crack down on

打擊

7. investigate (調查)

8. prevent (防止)

Example: The government should step up law enforcement to deter people from committing

violent crimes.

Example: Even though China adopts capital punishment, hardly can it eradicate serious crimes.

Example: Education is the best conduit to prevent juvenile crimes.

33. criticism (批評)

1. draw (吸引) 1. fierce (猛烈的) criticism

2. attract 2. scathing (尖刻的)

3. spark (引發) 3. mounting (上升的)

4. meet with (遇到) 4. widespread (廣泛的)

Example: Beijing’s refusal to allow true democracy in Hong Kong has drawn fierce criticism.

Example: The frequent mechanical failures of MTR trains have sparked mounting criticism.

Example: South Korea’s handling of the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome met

with widespread criticism.

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34. concentration (集中)

1. disrupt / disturb (干擾) concentration

2. lose (失去)

3. lack (缺乏)

Example: Smartphones often disrupt the concentration of students.

Example: After studying for a while, he lost her concentration.

Example: Many students cannot get good results because they lack concentration on their

studies.

35. conflict (紛爭)

1. cause (引起) 1. heated / bitter (激烈的) conflict(s)

2. spark (引起)

3. have (有)

4. resolve (解決)

Example: Financial difficulties often spark heated conflicts in families.

Example: It is common to see children have bitter conflicts with their parents owing to their huge

generation gap.

Example: Through diplomatic dialogue, different countries can resolve their conflicts.
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36. damage (破壞)

1. cause 1. permanent (永久) damage

2. suffer (遭受) 2. irreversible (不能挽回的)

3. inflict (造成) 3. significant (重大的)

4. compensate for 4. severe (嚴重的)

(賠償) 5. widespread (廣泛)

6. extensive (廣泛)

Example: The US nuclear attack of Hiroshima and Nagasaki inflicted permanent damage.

Example: Indonesia suffered significant damage after the devastating earthquake in 2004.

Example: It was costly for insurance companies to compensate for the extensive damage caused

by Hurricane Katrina to New Orleans.

37. danger (危險)

1. face 1. grave (巨大) danger

2. foresee 2. enormous (巨大)

3. lessen 3. acute (嚴重)

4. avoid 4. imminent (緊逼的)

5. pose 5. impending (緊逼的)

Example: When rescuing the survivors of the sunken ship, the soldiers were facing grave danger.

Example: Wearing helmets can lessen the danger of working on construction sites.

Example: The possible bankruptcy of Greece poses imminent danger to the European Union.
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38. debt (債務)

1. incur (承受) 1. enormous (巨額) debt

2. settle (還清) 2. substantial (巨額)

3. pay off (還清) 3. mounting (上升的))

4. run into (捲入)

5. owe (欠下)

Example: Sad to say, many teenagers cannot resist the temptation of luxury goods. In order to

settle their enormous debt, they may have no choice but to commit crimes.

Example: The businessman has run into mounting debt and declared bankrupt.

39. decision (決定)

1. announce (宣佈) 1. important decision

2. reconsider (重新考 2. difficult

慮) 3. unanimous (一致)

3. reach (達成) 4. controversial (爭議性)

4. make (作出) 5. firm (堅定)

5. affirm (確認) 6. rational (理性)

Example: The Hong Kong Observatory announced the decision to suspend classes on television.

Example: As your friend, I hope that you can reconsider your decision of quitting school.

Example: The coach is pondering retirement. He will make the decision soon.
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40. demand (需求)

1. make 1. huge demand

2. put forward (提出) 2. reasonable (合理的)

3. meet (滿足)

4. satisfy (滿足)

Example: The labour union of Cathay Pacific put forward the demand for salary rise.

Example: Hong Kong imports water from Dongjiang to satisfy the huge demand for drinking

water.

41. depression (抑鬱)

1. develop depression

2. slide into (陷入)

3. suffer from (遭受)

4. succumb to (屈服)

Example: Facing many adversities in his job, he slid into depression.

Example: Many great singers in the 1980s, like Leslie Cheung and Danny Chan succumbed to

depression.
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42. desire (欲望)

1. have (有) 1. keen / strong (強烈) desire (慾望)

2. express / voice

(表達)

3. satisfy (滿足)

Example: Many youngsters have strong desire to buy luxury products.

Example: Mr. Chan expressed his desire to retire at the age of 60.

Example: To satisfy their desire for brand-name products, some teenagers may resort to crimes.

43. development (發展)

1. facilitate (促進) 1. gradual development

2. promote (促進) 2. rapid

3. foster(促進) 3. economic

4. enhance (提升) 4. all-round

5. stimulate (刺激)

6. accelerate (加速)

Example: Preserving cultural heritage facilitates the development of tourism.

Example: Participation in extra-curricular activities can promote the all-round development of

adolescents.

Example: A sound legal system and sophisticated infrastructure are instrumental in fostering

economic development.

Example: Grooming more talents can accelerate the development of the entertainment industry.
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44. determination (決心)

1. demonstrate (展示) 1. strong determination

2. lack (缺乏) 2. steely

3. underline (強調) 3. ruthless

Example: Despite the injury, Kobe Bryant demonstrated steely determination in the NBA Finals.

Example: Most sixth-formers lack strong determination to study hard.

Example: The prosecution of Zhou Yongkang underlines Beijing’s determination to combat

corruption.

45. difference (不同)

1. make (創造) 1. enormous (巨大的) difference

2. exaggerate (誇大) 2. significant (重大的)

3. tell (分辨) 3. marked (明顯)

4. emphasize (強調) 4. obvious (明顯)

5. fundamental (本質上)

Example: Though many students are not intelligent, they can make a difference by working hard.

Example: Even a child can easily tell the significant difference between a deer and a horse.

Example: John emphasizes the marked differences between a Band 1 school and a Band 3

school.
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46. disappointment (失望)

1. express (表達) 1. great disappointment

2. voice (表達) 2. grave

3. air (表達) 3. deep

Example: I am writing to express my great disappointment with the standard of TVB

programmes.

Example: During the radio programme, a man aired his deep disappointment with CY Leung.

47. discontent / dissatisfaction (不滿)

1. give rise to (引起) 1. mounting discontent

2. trigger (引起) 2. widespread

dissatisfaction
3. fuel (激發) 3. public

4. express (表達)

5. voice (表達)

6. air (表達)

7. seething with (充

斥)

Example: Inflation and corruption triggered mounting discontent with the Chinese government

and led to the Tiananmen Crackdown.

Example: The proposed legislation of Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 fuelled public

dissatisfaction with the government.

Example: In a free society, we can voice our discontent without the fear of being prosecuted.

Example: The players of Cameroon were seething with dissatisfaction because they were not

given any salary during the World Cup.

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48. difficulty (困難)

1. cause (造成) 1. great /serious (嚴重) difficulty (ies)

2. face (面對) 2. immense (巨大)

3. encounter (面對) 3. insurmountable (不能克服的)

4. experience (經歷) 4. economic / financial (經濟)

5. is engulfed in (陷入)

6. tackle (處理)

7. overcome (克服)

8. endure (忍受)

Example: Language barriers have caused great difficulties to the ethnic minorities in Hong Kong.

Example: Although Kobe Bryant faced serious difficulties in his recovery process, he remained

upbeat and determined.

Example: To tackle the economic difficulties after the Sars outbreak, the government introduced

the Individual Travellers’ Scheme to attract mainland tourists.

Example: With the widespread use of credit cards, university students may be engulfed in

financial difficulties if they overspend.

Example: Deng Xiaoping overcame great difficulties during the Cultural Revolution and eventually

became the leader of China.

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49. disease (疾病)

1. prone to (易受影響) 1. incurable (不能醫治的) the disease

2. susceptible to (易受影響) 2. curable (可以醫治的)

3. vulnerable to (易受影響) 3. preventable (可預防的)

4. control (控制) 4. infectious (傳染的)

5. combat (打擊) 5. chronic (慢性)

6. contract (感染) 6. common (常見)

7. suffer from (患上)

8. recover from (康復)

Example: Obese people are prone to cardiovascular diseases.

Example: Elderly women are susceptible to osteoporosis.

Example: It took half a year to control the Ebola Virus Disease in Western Africa.

Example: When people suffer from infectious diseases, they need to be quarantined.

Example: We should care about patients who suffer from chronic diseases.

50. dispute (紛爭)

1. deal with (處理) 1. heated (激烈的) dispute

2. cope with (處理) 2. serious (嚴重的)

3. spark (引發) 3. long-standing (僵持的)

4. is/are involved in (牽涉) 4. financial (財政)

5. settle (調解)

Example: When we deal with heated disputes with family members, we may need to seek

professional advice from social workers.

Example: The sovereignty over Senkaku Island has sparked a serious dispute between China and

Japan.

Example: Kobe Bryant was involved in a financial dispute with his mother.
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51. doubt (懷疑)

1. cast (產生) doubt

2. express (表達)

3. raise (引起)

Example: The public have cast doubt on the government’s determination to fight poverty.

Example: The voting saga has raised doubt about the solidarity of the pro-establishment camp.

52. dream (夢想)

1. achieve (實現) dream

2. fulfill (實現)

3. realize (實現)

4. pursue (追求)

5. shatter (使破碎)

Example: Through his hard work, Jeremy Lin achieved his dream of becoming an NBA player.

Example: At the age of 80, the multibillionaire realized her dream of travelling around the globe.

Example: Stephen Chow began to pursue his dream of being a superstar by joining TVB.

Example: Messi’s dream of winning the World Cup was shattered after Argentina’s defeat to

Germany.
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53. duty (職責)

1. assume (擔當) 1. social duty

2. neglect (忽略) 2. moral (道德)

3. primary

Example: Celebrities assume the social duty of setting a good example for youngsters.

Example: The captain neglected the moral duty of rescuing the trapped passengers.

54. economy (經濟)

a. v. + economy

1. develop (發展) 1. blossoming (繁榮的) economy

2. revive (復興) 2. buoyant (繁榮的)

3. boost (推動) 3. strong (蓬勃的)

4. stimulate (刺激) 4. fragile (脆弱的)

5. improve (改善) 5. weakening (減弱的)

6. stabilize (穩定) 6. stagnant (停滯的)

Example: In order to develop the Chinese economy, Deng Xiaoping implemented the open-door

policy in the late 1970s.

Example: The construction of infrastructures can stimulate the economy.

Example: Shinzo Abe postponed the hike in sales tax rate with a view to stabilizing the stagnant

Japanese economy.

Example: Many mainlanders can now afford to purchase luxury products thanks to the

blossoming Chinese economy.

Example: Hong Kong is a fragile economy vulnerable to foreign economic crises.

 30

54. economy (經濟)

b. economy + v.

The economy 1. booms (蓬勃發展)

2. thrives (蓬勃發展)

3. prospers (蓬勃發展)

4. flourishes (蓬勃發展)

5. declines (衰退)

6. bounces back (反彈)

7. expands (擴張)

Example: The Filipino economy has been thriving under the leadership of President Aquino III.

Example: The Russian economy is declining owing to international sanctions.

Example: In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the US economy is expanding again.

55. effort (努力)

1. step up (提升) 1. enormous (很大) effort

2. make (盡力) 2. strenuous (艱苦)

3. put (付出) 3. collaborative (合作的)

4. devote (付出) 4. concerted (一致)

5. require (需要) 5. ceaseless (持續)

6. all-out (全力)

Example: International organizations have to step up effort in assisting the refugees seeking

asylum.

Example: Although doctors made strenuous effort, they failed to save the terminally-ill

patient.

Example: Nurturing the next generation requires the concerted effort by parents and schools.
 31

56. education (教育)

1. provide (提供) 1. compulsory (強制的) / free (免費的) education

2. get / receive (接受) 2. higher / tertiary / university (大學的)

3. complete (完成) secondary (中學的)/ primary (小學的)

3. professional / vocational (職業的)

4. special (特殊的)

5. health / physical (健康的)

6. sex (性)

7. general / liberal (通識)

Example: Since the 1970s, the government has provided compulsory education for primary and

secondary school students.

Example: Through receiving university education, we can enhance our all-round development.

Example: In order to train the working skills of youngsters, the government should provide more

vocational education for them.

Example: After completing special education, the physically-disabled and the mentally-disabled

can work in sheltered workshops.

Example: Students can broaden their horizons and improve their critical thinking through

receiving general education.

 32

57. effect (影響)

1. bring (產生) 1. immense (巨大) effects

2. generate (產生) 2. profound (巨大)

3. underestimate (低估) 3. positive (正面)

4. minimize (減到最低) 4. immediate (即時)

5. mitigate (減輕) 5. far-reaching (深遠)

6. come into (生效) 6. lasting (持續的)

7. disregard (漠視) 7. deterrent (阻嚇)

8. maximize (極大化) 8. ripple (擴散的)

9. obvious (明顯)

10. negative (負面)

11. severe (嚴重)

12. disastrous (災難性)

13. domino (骨牌)

14. chained (連鎖)

15. negligible (微不足道)

Example: The humiliating defeat in the Second World War brought immense effects to the

mindset of the Japanese.

Example: The far-reaching effects of the mother-tongue policy cannot be estimated.

Example: To minimize the effects of air pollution on the Beijing Olympics, the Chinese

government restricted the use of private cars.

Example: The plastic bag levy came into effect on April 1.

Example: The domino effects of the 1929 Wall Street stock market crash were disastrous,

plunging the global economy into depression.

 33

58. emphasis (強調)

1. put (放) 1. strong emphasis

2. place (放) 2. heavy

3. lay (放) 3. particular (特別)

Example: Confucian societies place strong emphasis on the pursuit of academic excellence.

Example: China places heavy emphasis on economic development.

59. energy (能量)

1. channel (轉化) 1. boundless (無窮無盡的) energy

2. devote (投入) 2. indefatigable (不倦的)

3. have (擁有)

4. lack (缺乏)

5. waste (浪費)

Example: Socially withdrawn adolescents should channel their boundless energy in playing

video games to studying and working.

Example: In his prime years, Rafael Nadal had indefatigable energy and won 14 Grand Slam

titles.

Example: The main reason why most students get unsatisfactory results is that they lack

energy and persistence.

 34

60. enthusiasm (熱誠)

1. arouse (引起) 1. great (大) enthusiasm

2. have (有) 2. growing (越來愈大)

3. show / demonstrate 3. undiminished (未曾退減的)

(顯示)

4. dampen (使消沉)

5. dent (使消沉)

Example: Lee Lai-Shan’s achievement in the 1996 Olympics aroused great enthusiasm about

windsurfing.

Example: The secondary school students in Hong Kong have growing enthusiasm about doing

voluntary work.

Example: Warren Buffet demonstrates undiminished enthusiasm about philanthropy.

Example: Parents’ undue emphasis on academic pursuit has dampened many children’s

enthusiasm about participation in sports.

61. example (例子)

1. take (引用) 1. good example

2. give (提供) 2. striking (引人注目)

3. follow (模仿) 3. well-known

4. set (樹立) 4. isolated (個別)

Example: Many successful billionaires have poor academic qualifications. Take Li Ka-shing as an

example. He only graduated from primary school.

Example: Most celebrities are respectable. Black sheep like Jaycee Fong are isolated examples.

Example: Successful athletes should set a good example as they are the role models of teenagers.
 35

62. environment (環境)

1. destroy (破壞) 1. competitive (競爭的) environment

2. damage (破壞) 2. natural (自然的)

3. conserve (保護) 3. working (工作的)

4. preserve (保護)

5. beautify (美化)

6. pollute (污染)

7. adapt to (適應)

Example: Human activities like power generation have destroyed our natural environment.

Example: Every effort should be made to conserve the environment.

Example: In order to adapt to the competitive working environment in modern society, we need

to equip ourselves with knowledge and practical skills when we are studying.

63. event (活動)

1. stage (舉行) 1. major (重要) event

2. hold (舉行) 2. tragic (悲劇的)

3. organize (舉行) 3. historical (歷史性)

4. commemorate (紀念)

5. witness (目睹)

Example: The 2020 Olympics will be staged in Tokyo.

Example: To raise teenagers’ sense of belonging to China, a series of events will be organized.

Example: Residents who witnessed the Tiananmen Crackdown can never forget the tragic event.
 36

64. examination (考試)

1. ace (取得佳績) 1. difficult (困難) examination

2. do well (取得佳績) 2. professional (專業)

3. fail (不及格)

4. sit (參加)

5. take (參加)

6. prepare for (準備)

7. revise for (溫習)

Example: The students from traditional Band 1 secondary schools like Queen’s College and St Paul

Coeducational College often ace the difficult HKDSE.

Example: Many students failing the HKDSE pursue further studies in Taiwan.

Example: Sixth-formers sitting the HKDSE face tremendous pressure.

Example: When revising for the HKDSE, we need to concentrate on our assignments and revision

notes and avoid looking at our smartphones all the time.

65. failure (失敗)

1. admit (承認) 1. humiliating (恥辱的) failure

2. fear (害怕) 2. catastrophic (災難的)

3. end in (告終) 3. complete (完全的)

Example: The Japanese admitted the humiliating failure in the Second World War and channeled

their energy to the reconstruction of the ravaged economy.

Example: Many students fear failure and are reluctant to make all-out effort.

Example: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ended in catastrophic failure in 1989 and accelerated the

collapse of the Soviet Union.

 37

66. fact (事實)

1. establish (確定) 1. stark (明顯) fact

2. ignore (忽略) 2. undeniable (不能否認的)

3. conceal (隱瞞) 3. striking (令人吃驚的)

4. disguise (隱瞞) 4. alarming (令人擔憂的)

5. recognize (明白) 5. disturbing (令人困擾的)

Example: After several months of investigation, the police eventually established the fact of the

horrendous murder.

Example: We cannot ignore the undeniable fact that the social mobility in Hong Kong has been

declining.

Example: Beijing has disguised the fact that it slaughtered hundreds of students during the

Tiananmen Massacre.

Example: We need to recognize the disturbing fact that many witnesses of domestic violence end

up becoming abusers themselves.

67. fashion (流行時尚)

1. come into (成為) 1. the current (時下) fashion

2. go out of (不再流行) 2. the latest (時下)

Example: Korean food has come into fashion in recent years.

Example: Cantonese pop songs have gone out of fashion owing to the lack of talents.

Example: Through browsing the Internet, we can learn more about the latest fashion.
 38

68. fear (恐懼)

1. conquer (征服) fear

2. overcome (克服)

3. alleviate (紓緩)

4. assuage (紓緩)

5. dispel (消除)

Example: Debating can help us conquer the fear of public speaking.

Example: The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In order to succeed, we need to

overcome our fear.

Example: During Chinese and English speaking examinations, we can assuage our fear through

speaking more loudly.

69. force (武力/勢力)

1. bring into (實行) 1. destructive (破壞的) force

2. come into (實行) 2. driving (推動的)

3. resort to (訴諸) 3. formidable (強大的)

4. join (攜手) 4. irresistible (難以抵抗的)

Example: Since territory smoking ban came into force in Beijing, more and more people would

like to quit smoking.

Example: Instead of resorting to force, countries should settle dispute through diplomacy.

Example: Hong Kong should join forces with Guangdong to combat the deteriorating problem

of air pollution.
 39

70. freedom (自由)

1. enjoy (享受) 1. fundamental (基本) freedom

2. achieve (取得) 2. individual (個人)

3. lose (失去) 3. academic (學術)

4. maintain (維持) 4. political (政治)

5. retain (保留) 5. press (新聞)

6. erode (侵蝕)

Example: Living in modern society like Hong Kong, we can enjoy individual freedom.

Example: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian and Eastern European people could

finally achieve freedom.

Example: With the burgeoning economic strength and bargaining power of China, it may be

difficult to retain the freedom in Hong Kong in the long run.

Example: The controversy over the appointment of Vice Chancellors of Hong Kong University

has revealed that our academic freedom is being eroded.

71. friendship (友誼)

1. cultivate (培養) 1. close (親密) friendship

2. develop (發展) 2. deep (深厚)

3. establish (建立) 3. lasting (持久)

4. maintain (維持) 4. perpetual (永恆)

5. spoil (破壞)

Example: Secondary school life should be treasured as we can cultivate close friendship.

Example: China developed deep friendship with North Korea during the Korean War.

Example: Japan and the US have vowed to maintain perpetual friendship to prevent China

dominating the Asia-Pacific region.

 40

72. gain (收穫)

1. make (取得) 1. considerable (很多) gain

2. bring (帶來) 2. substantial (很多)

3. short-term (短期)

4. long-term (長期)

Example: We can make considerable gain through reading English newspapers and magazines.

Example: Peaceful resolution of the Senkaku conflict can bring substantial long-term gain to

Sino-Japanese relations.

73. growth (成長)

1. foster (促進) 1. personal growth

2. promote (促進) 2. economic

3. stimulate (刺激)

4. maintain (維持)

5. sustain (維持)

6. hinder (妨礙)

7. achieve (達致)

Example: Participation in sports teams can foster our personal growth.

Example: Printing money and lowering interest rates can stimulate economic growth.

Example: With a view to maintaining fast-paced economic growth, China has sacrificed the

environment.

Example: Overemphasis on academic excellence may hinder our personal growth.

 41

74. government (政府)

1. form (成立) 1. Chinese government

2. elect (選舉) 2. central (中央)

3. topple (推翻) 3. provincial (省級)

Example: Most western countries can elect their governments through democratic elections.

Example: During the French Revolution, the royal government in France was toppled.

Example: After CY Leung became the Chief Executive, Hong Kong has stepped up cooperation

with the central government.

Example: Hong Kong officials meet regularly with the leaders of provincial governments in a

bid to deepen economic integration.

75. habit (習慣)

1. develop (養成) 1. good habit

2. get into (養成) 2. bad

3. change (改變) 3. nasty

4. kick (戒除) 4. irritating

5. get rid of (戒除)

Example: Students should develop the good habit of listening to English programmes.

Example: It takes time for mainlanders to kick their nasty habits of spitting, squatting and

defecating in public venues.

Example: It is time you got rid of your irritating habit of coughing without covering your

mouth.
 42

76. health (健康)

1. improve 1. public health

2. maintain (維持) 2. fragile (脆弱)

3. restore (恢復) 3. mental (心理)

4. endanger (危害) 4. deteriorating (變差)

5. jeopardize (危害)

6. ruin (摧毀)

Example: In order to maintain our health, we should exercise regularly.

Example: After the severe injury, he underwent some physiotherapy to restore his health.

Example: Cyberbullying jeopardizes the mental health of victims.

Example: Migrating to India has led to his deteriorating health.

77. help (幫助)

1. seek (尋求) 1. valuable help

2. ask for (尋求) 2. financial

3. call for (要求)

4. require (需要)

5. provide (提供)

6. render (提供)

Example: When we face difficulties, we can seek help from our friends and parents.

Example: The plight of the millions of child labour in developing nations calls for our help.

Example: The government should render financial help for small and medium enterprises

which are in lack of capital.

 43

78. idea (意念)

1. come up with (提出) 1. brilliant (美妙的) idea

2. propose (提出) 2. excellent (美妙的)

3. put forward (提出) 3. vague (含糊的)

4. consider (考慮)

5. entertain (考慮)

6. advocate (提倡)

7. encourage (鼓勵)

8. disapprove of (反對)

Example: During the meeting, he came up with some brilliant ideas on how to attract more

customers to buy their products.

Example: The lawmaker put forward the idea of providing universal retirement protection for

the elderly.

Example: Many pet owners advocate the idea of allowing pets in public housing estates.

Example: The principal disapproved of the idea of increasing the number of lockers.

79. importance (重要)

1. attach (重視) 1. critical (重大) importance

2. stress (重視) 2. paramount (重大)

3. emphasize (重視) 3. vital (重大)

4. demonstrate (展示) 4. increasing (上升的)

5. declining (下降的)

Example: Traditional Band 1 schools attach importance to academic results.

Example: The government emphasizes the paramount importance of social harmony.

Example: The recent terrorist attacks demonstrate the increasing importance of international

collaboration.
 44

80. impression (印象)

1. give (給) 1. good impression

2. leave (留下) 2. favourable

3. make (製造) 3. first

4. create (製造) 4. wrong

5. deepen (加深) 5. indelible

6. get 6. vivid

7. distorted

Example: Wearing a suit when attending an interview can give the interviewers a good

impression.

Example: The spectacular performance of Messi left the audience an indelible impression.

Example: The use of personification can deepen readers’ impression of poems.

81. improvement (改善)

1. strive for (追求) 1. significant (重大) improvement

2. seek (尋求) 2. dramatic (重大)

3. make (作出) 3. substantial (重大)

4. achieve (達到) 4. rapid (迅速)

5. notable (顯著的)

6. marked (顯著的)

Example: Many local students strive for significant improvement in English through attending

the courses organized by star tutors.

Example: The labour union of Cathay Pacific seeks substantial improvement in their salary

and fringe benefits.

Example: Chinese people have achieved marked improvement in living standard.

 45

82. income (收入)

1. earn (賺) 1. high income

2. receive (賺) 2. decent (好)

3. generate (賺) 3. rising (上升)

4. boost (增加) 4. surging (上升)

5. raise (增加) 5. soaring (上升)

Example: The doctors of Hong Kong can earn decent income.

Example: In pursuit of better life, many people in Hong Kong do part-time jobs to generate

extra income.

Example: Joining Manchester United has boosted the income of Angel Di Maria.

Example: The commercialization of sports has led to surging income of athletes.

83. industry (工業/產業)

1. develop (發展) 1. high-tech (高科技) industry

2. stimulate (刺激) 2. entertainment (娛樂)

3. boost (促進) 3. service (服務)

4. protect (保護) 4. manufacturing (製造)

5. subsidize (資助) 5. local (本地)

Example: The availability of talents is the prerequisite for developing the high-tech industry.

Example: Government subsidies can stimulate the entertainment industry.

Example: Many countries impose tariffs on foreign goods to protect local industries.
 46

84. influence (影響)

1. exert (運用) 1. considerable (很大) influence

2. wield (運用) 2. profound (很大)

3. show (展示) 3. crucial (重要)

4. decisive (決定性)

5. undue (不當)

6. growing (上升)

Example: The giant property developers in Hong Kong, such as Cheung Kong, Henderson and

Sun Hung Kai are accused of exerting considerable influence on government policies.

Example: China has been wielding increasing influence in the Asia-Pacific region.

Example: Many consumers are compelled to purchase products reluctantly under undue

influence.

85. information (資訊)

1. acquire (獲取) 1. new information

2. obtain (獲取) 2. up-to-date (最新的)

3. gather (收集) 3. valuable

4. access (獲取) 4. accurate (準確的)

5. receive (接收) 5. personal

6. provide (提供) 6. confidential (機密的)

7. disclose (披露)

Example: People acquired up-to-date information of the earthquake through CNN.

Example: The police have received valuable information regarding the murder.

Example: Through accessing our personal information, Facebook can understand our

spending habits and generate advertising revenue.

Example: Rafael Hui disclosed confidential government information and received bribes.
 47

86. interest (興趣)

1. attract (吸引) 1. great (巨大) interest

2. arouse (引發) 2. intense (重大)
3. kindle (引發) 3. keen (熱烈)
4. spark (引發) 4. strong (強烈)
5. stir up (引發) 5. growing (增加)
6. generate (引發) 6. lifelong(終生的)
7. stimulate (刺激)
8. express (表達)
9. cultivate (培養)
10. lose (失去)

Example: Michael Jordan aroused great interest in basketball.

Example: “Romance of Three Kingdoms” has kindled many people’s keen
interest in Chinese History.
Example: The incorporation of Liberal Studies into the senior secondary syllabus has stirred
up students’ growing interest in local politics.
Example: Studying in Britain, he can watch the English Premiership and thus has cultivated
his interest in soccer.
Example: Losing interest in studying, he quitted his secondary school and started operating a
café with the help from his father.

87. instruction (指示)

1. follow (跟從) 1. clear instruction

2. provide (提供) 2. vague (含糊)

3. comply with (遵從)

4. disregard (漠視)

Example: The candidates of the HKDSE should follow the instruction of examiners.
Example: The teacher provided clear instruction as to how to carry out the experiment.
Example: The exasperated protestors disregarded the instruction from the police and
occupied Admiralty.
 48

88. issue/matter (事項)

1. discuss 1. controversial (具爭議性) issue (事項)
2. deal with (處理) 2. critical (重要)
/ matter
3. address (處理) 3. pressing (緊急)
4. tackle (處理) 4. thorny (棘手的)
5. explore (研究) 5. difficult
6. settle (解決) 6. sensitive (敏感的)
7. evade (躲避)
Example: To deal with the thorny issue of constitutional reforms, both the central
government and the democratic camp will have to make consessions.

Example: Hopefully, the government can put more effort to addressing the pressing issue of
poverty.

Example: Hopefully, the verdict by the US Supreme Court can settle the controversial issue
of homosexual marriage in the United States.

Example: The official has evaded the sensitive matter of his involvement in a corruption
scandal.

89. job (工作/職業)

1. get 1. demanding (要求高) job
2. land 2. low-paid (低收入)
3. look for 3. well-paid (高收入)
4. safeguard 4. ideal (理想)
5. shed 5. rewarding (有回報的)
6. engage in
7. is immersed in
Example: It is easier for the graduates of top universities to land well-paid jobs.
Example: Nowadays, some teenagers look for low-paid jobs in order to enjoy work-life
balance and apply for public housing estates.
Example: During the Global Financial Crisis, hundreds of thousands of jobs were shed.

Example: The domestic worker is immersed in the demanding job of taking care of the
autistic child.
 49

90. journey (旅程)

1. start 1. arduous (艱巨) journey
2. embark on (開展) 2. dangerous (危險)
3. have 3. perilous (危險)
4. go on 4. lifelong (終生的)
5. pleasant (愉快的)
6. tortuous (折磨的)
Example: In the coming summer holiday, they are going to start the arduous journey of
conquering Mount Everest.
Example: They had expected to go on a pleasant journey in Taiwan. Unfortunately, they were
severely burnt in the dust party explosion.
Example: He is looking forward to embarking on the tortuous yet rewarding journey of
preparing for the HKDSE.

91. knowledge (知識)

1. acquire (獲取) 1. basic (基本) knowledge
2. widen (擴闊) 2. rudimentary (基本)
3. broaden (擴闊) 3. comprehensive (廣泛)
4. implant (灌輸) 4. technical (技術)
5. impart (灌輸) 5. practical (實用)
6. absorb (吸收) 6. professional (專業)
7. assimilate (吸收) 7. general (一般)
8. pursue (追求)
9. accumulate (累積)
10. apply (應用)
11. spread (傳播)
Example: We can acquire knowledge through reading books and browsing the Internet.

Example: Textbooks are not our only medium of learning. We can accumulate a lot of common
knowledge from newspapers and magazine.

Example: Students absorb a lot of useful knowledge and exam skills in tutorial classes.

Example: University students can apply professional knowledge through internship programmes.

Example: Wikipedia has spread a wide variety of knowledge to Internet users.

 50

92. language (語言)

1. learn 1. indigenous (本地) language
2. master (掌握) 2. foreign (外國的)
3. speak 3. spoken
4. improve 4. body
Example: Mastering multiple foreign languages, he is more competitive than other job
applicants.
Example: Participating in foreign exchange trips is a means to improve your spoken language.

93. law (法律)

1. enforce (執行) the law
2. violate (違犯)
3. breach (違犯)
4. comply with (遵守)
5. abide by (遵守)
Example: To tackle the problem of animal abuse, the authorities have to enforce the law.
Example: In a sound legal system, those who have violated the law are subject to fines and
imprisonment.
Example: Every Hong Kong citizen is obligated to comply with the law.

94. life (生活)

1. lead (過) 1. difficult life
2. devote (付出) 2. miserable (悲慘的)
3. cherish (珍惜) 3. comfortable (舒適)
4. treasure (珍惜) 4. fruitful (豐盛)
5. enjoy (享受) 5. solitary (寂寞的)
6. save (救) 6. hectic (忙)
7. ruin (摧毀) 7. simple (簡單)
8. sacrifice (犧牲) 8. peaceful (安寧)
Example: Many North Koreans lead a miserable life.
Example: Hong Kong people should treasure their comfortable life.
Example: Through lending a helping hand to the poor, we can enjoy a more fruitful life.
Example: The Cultural Revolution ruined the life of many people in the 1960s and the 1970s.
Example: To ensure that their children could receive the best education, they sacrificed their
peaceful rural life and migrated to Beijing.
 51

95. market (市場)

1. break into (打入) 1. booming (蓬勃) market
2. penetrate (滲透) 2. thriving (蓬勃)
3. capture (捕捉) 3. sluggish (呆滯)
4. monopolize (壟斷) 4. local (本地)
5. international (國際)

Example: KFC has broken into the booming Chinese market by localizing its menu.
Example: With user-friendly functions and applications, iPhones have penetrated the
international market.
Example: In order to capture the local tutoring market, King’s Glory Education slashed the
prices of its summer courses.
Example: In the absence of competition, TVB has been monopolizing the sluggish television
market in Hong Kong.

96. measure (措施)

1. adopt (採取) 1. drastic (嚴厲) measure
2. take (採取) 2. stringent (嚴厲)
3. implement (實行) 3. feasible (可行)
4. introduce (引入) 4. punitive (懲罰性)
5. enforce (執行) 5. stopgap (權宜)
6. propose (提出) 6. temporary (臨時)
7. come up with (想出) 7. permanent (永久)
8. precautionary (預防)
Example: The government should adopt drastic measures to punish child abusers.
Example: Countries should take stringent measures to prevent the proliferation of weapons
of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons.
Example: It is important for schools to introduce more punitive measures to deter students
from being late.
Example: In order to prevent capital outflow, Greece has enforced the stopgap measure of
shuttering banks and the stock market.
Example: With the spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Korea came up with the
precautionary measure of closing hospitals and medical centres.
 52

97. method (方法)

1. adopt (採取) 1. effective (有效的) method

2. choose (選擇) 2. reliable (可靠)

3. apply (套用) 3. outdated (過時的)

4. work out (想出) 4. obsolete (過時的)

5. conventional (傳統的)

6. unorthodox (非傳統的)

Example: Instead of proposing stopgap measures, the government should adopt more

effective methods, like increasing land supply, to alleviate housing shortage.

Example: When teaching their children, many parents still choose the obsolete method of

corporal punishment.

Example: Professor Ho worked out the unorthodox method of treating AIDS with cocktail.

98. message (訊息)

1. convey (傳達) 1. urgent (緊急) message

2. get across (傳達) 2. important (重要)

3. deliver (傳達) 3. strong (強烈)

4. get (收到)

5. implant (灌輸)

Example: The government can utilize the Internet to convey the anti-smoking message.

Example: The authorities got across the urgent message of evacuating the residents prior to

the typhoon hit the coast.

Example: In the conversation with his boss, he got the strong message that he will be sacked.

Example: The tutorial teacher implants the important message that excellent results can only

be achieved through hard work.

 53

99. mistake (錯誤)

1. commit (犯) 1. serious (嚴重) mistake

2. admit (承認) 2. grave (嚴重)

3. rectify (糾正) 3. unforgivable (不可原諒)

4. discover (發現)

5. learn from (學習)

6. repeat (重覆)

Example: Peter committed serious mistakes in the final, but he has been forgiven by his

coach and his teammates.

Example: The organizer of the dust party admitted her grave mistakes and apologized.

Example: English tutors teach students to rectify their grammar mistakes.

Example: The Communist Party has learnt from the unforgiving mistake of launching the

Cultural Revolution and accelerated economic development by liberalizing the economy.

Example: He is so absent-minded that he always repeats his mistakes.

100. money (金錢)

1. spend (用) 1. quick money

2. waste (浪費) 2. easy

3. squander (浪費) 3. big

4. earn (賺) 4. hard-earned (難賺的)

5. raise (籌)

Example: In our beauty-oriented society, many women spend a large amount of money on

cosmetic products and plastic surgery.

Example: Lamentably, many teenagers squander hard-earned money given by their parents

on products associated with their pop idols.

Example: Alarmingly, more and more adolescents have earned quick money by becoming

parallel traders, drug traffickers and even prostitutes.

Example: Alibaba raised big money in the IPO in the New York Stock Exchange last year.
 54

101. need (需要)

1. call for (要求) 1. pressing (急切) need

2. cater to (迎合) 2. desperate (急切)
3. pander to (迎合) 3. crying (急切)
4. meet (符合) 4. urgent (急切)
5. fulfill (符合)
6. highlight (突出)
7. underline (突出)
8. demonstrate (展示)
9. reflect (反映)

Example: The traumatic explosion calls for the pressing need of regulating dust parties.
Example: Apple and Samsung have been modifying the designs of their iPhones to pander to
the ever-changing needs of consumers.
Example: Every effort should be made to meet the desperate needs of the poor.
Example: The recent spate of traffic accidents highlights the crying need for more deterrent
punishment against dangerous driving.
Example: The declining standard of English reflects the urgent need for overhauling the
English language syllabus.

102. news (新聞)

1. hear 1. good news

2. await (等待) 2. encouraging

3. break (披露) 3. terrible

4. spread (傳播) 4. tragic

5. suppress (打壓) 5. latest

6. shocking

Example: After hearing the encouraging news, they burst into laughter.
Example: CNN broke the terrible news of the 911 terrorist attack.
Example: Nowadays, the latest news is spread by Facebook and Whatsapp messages.
Example: To maintain its grip on power, the Community Party suppresses tragic news.
 55

103. opinion (意見)

1. voice (表達) 1. diametrically opposed (相反) opinion

2. air (表達) 2. opposing (相反)

3. express (表達) 3. mixed (不同)

4. provide (提供) 4. diversified (多元化)

5. reflect (反映) 5. prevailing (盛行的)

6. seek (詢問) 6. professional (專業)

7. share (同意) 7. constructive (建設性)

Example: The members of the League of Social Democrats and the Democratic Alliance for
the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong voiced opposing opinion in City Forum.
Example: I am writing to express my opinion about the recent tragic dust party explosion in
Taiwan.
Example: In a society where freedom of expression is sacrosanct, the public can reflect
diversified opinion.
Example: According to the prevailing opinion among teachers, the syllabus of Liberal Studies
should not be altered.
Example: He shares many environmentalists’ opinion that shark fining should be outlawed.

104. opposition (反對)

1. arouse (引起) 1. fierce (激烈的) opposition

2. overcome (克服) 2. intense (激烈的)

3. face (面對) 3. vehement (強烈的)

4. meet with (面對) 4. mounting (上升的)

5. public (公眾)

Example: The proposed legislation of Article 23 of the Basic Law aroused fierce public
opposition.
Example: Obama has overcome vehement opposition and adopted universal health care.
Example: Wang Anshi faced mounting opposition from conservative officials when
implementing reforms to strengthen the Song Dynasty.
 56

105. opportunity (機會)

1. grasp (抓住) 1. ample (足夠) opportunity
2. grab (抓住) 2. once-in-a-lifetime (千載難逢)
3. seize (抓住) 3. precious (珍貴)
4. exploit (利用) 4. rare (罕有)
5. take advantage of (利用) 5. unprecedented (前所未有)
6. cherish (珍惜) 6. golden (黃金)
7. treasure (珍惜)
8. squander(浪費)
9. provide (提供)
Example: Jeremy Lin seized the once-in a lifetime opportunity and played well for New York
Knicks, capturing the hearts and minds of basketball fans.
Example: Students can exploit the precious opportunity and beef up their English in the
exchange trip.
Example: Please treasure this rare opportunity. Showcase your strengths to the boss and you
will get promoted.
Example: C. Ronaldo squandered multiple opportunities of scoring for Real Madrid.
Example: Study tours provide a golden opportunity for students to train their independence.

106. pressure (壓力)

1. put (施加) 1. undue (過度) pressure
2. exert (施加) 2. enormous (巨大)
3. alleviate (紓緩) 3. tremendous (巨大)
4. yield to (屈服) 4. mounting (上升)
5. cope with (處理) 5. public (公眾)
6. deal with (處理) 6. peer (朋輩)
7. escape from (逃避) 7. unbearable (不能忍受的)
8. face (面對)
Example: The intense competition in the local education system has exerted enormous
pressure on students.
Example: Watching stand-up comedy shows can alleviate our tremendous pressure.
Example: The government yielded to public pressure and stalled the controversial
implementation of national education in primary and secondary schools.
Example: In order to deal with our mounting pressure, we can seek advice from parents.
Example: Facing unbearable pressure, Danny Chan became addicted to alcohol.
 57

107. plan (計劃)

1. abandon (放棄) 1. comprehensive (全面) plan
2. scrap (解除) 2. detailed
3. come up with (想出)
4. formulate (制定)
5. work out (制定)
6. draw up (制定)
7. oppose (反對)
8. shelve (擱置)
Example: The government abandoned the plan of constructing a stadium containing 35,000
seats in Kowloon City.
Example: Earthquake-prone countries should formulate comprehensive plans of evacuating
residents in case of earthquakes.
Example: Volkswagen drew up a detailed plan to break into the nascent Chinese market.
Example: Many people oppose the plan of constructing the third runway at Chek Lap Kok
Airport.
Example: The establishment of Innovation and Technology Bureau was shelved due to the
tide of filibustering by radical lawmakers.

108. progress (進度)

1. achieve (達成) 1. great (巨大) progress
2. accelerate (加快) 2. rapid (迅速)
3. facilitate (促進) 3. substantial (大幅的)
4. slow down (減慢) 4. marked (明顯的)
5. hinder (妨礙) 5. steady (穩定)
6. monitor (監察)
7. evaluate (評估)
Example: South Asia and Africa have achieved great progress in poverty alleviation.
Example: Attending tutorial classes can accelerate the learning progress of English.
Example: The discovery of historical relics in To Kwa Wan has hindered the construction
progress of the MTR Shatin to Central Link.
Example: Under the tutelage of Kenneth Lau, she has shown marked progress in English.
 58

109. problem (問題)

1. deal with (處理) 1. insurmountable (不能解決的) problem
2. cope with (處理) 2. thorny (棘手的)
3. address (處理) 3. difficult (困難的)
4. tackle (處理) 4. pressing (迫切)
5. solve (解決) 5. grave (嚴重)
6. curb (控制) 6. serious (嚴重)
7. encounter (面對) 7. severe (嚴重)
8. face (面對) 8. deteriorating (惡化的)
9. confront (面對) 9. disconcerting (令人擔心的)
10. rectify (糾正) 10. long-standing (長期存在的)
11. alleviate (紓緩) 11. deep-rooted (根深柢固)
12. ease (紓緩)
13. exacerbate (使惡化)
14. deepen (加深)
15. wake up to (醒覺)
16. identify (辨認)
Example: Increasing land supply is the panacea to cope with the thorny problem of
skyrocketing property prices.
Example: In order to tackle the grave problem of drug trafficking, the Customs has stepped
up law enforcement.
Example: The abolition of the one-child policy can curb the deteriorating problem of aging
population in China.
Example: It is ineluctable for us to confront problems in our life. As long as we can pluck up
courage and do our utmost, we can solve them.
Example: The language standard of local students has been worsening. To rectify the
disconcerting problem, teachers have to understand students’ needs and design tailor-made
teaching materials for students of different capabilities.
Example: With a view to alleviating the long-standing problem of overcrowding in tourist
destinations and shopping malls, the government has tightened its immigration policy and
residents from Shenzhen can only cross the border once every week.
Example: Over-crediting has exacerbated the deep-rooted economic problems of Greece
and pushed the country to the brink of default.
Example: It is time the American government woke up to the severe racial discrimination
problem and protected the black people.
 59

110. policy (政策)

1. adopt (採用) 1. tough (嚴厲的) policy
2. introduce (引入) 2. stringent (嚴厲的)
3. implement (實行) 3. drastic (嚴厲的)
4. launch (實行) 4. controversial (爭議性)
5. abolish (廢棄)
6. propose (提出)
7. halt (停止)
8. formulate (制定)
Example: The government should adopt tough policies to deter plastic surgery companies
from putting people’s life to jeopardy.
Example: For the sake of strengthening censorship and tightening its grip on power, the
Chinese government introduced the stringent policy of requiring Internet users to disclose
their real names on their accounts on social networking websites.
Example: After the French government launched the drastic policy, which taxed 75% of
wealthy people’s annual income, many businessmen retreated from France and invested in
other countries.
Example: Abolishing the ban on marijuana is a controversial issue in many countries.
Example: In order to secure more public support, the Indian government has formulated a
spate of redistributive policies to benefit the impoverished.

111. price (價格)

a. v. + price
1. boost (提高) 1. fair (合理) price
2. increase (提高) 2. reasonable (合理)
3. raise (提高) 3. high (高)
4. lower (降低) 4. exorbitant (過高)
5. reduce (降低) 5. prohibitive (負擔不起的)
6. slash (降低) 6. low (低)
Example: Café de Coral boosts the prices of their dishes every year.
Example: Supermarkets lower the prices of products which are going to expire.
Example: It is difficult to determine the reasonable prices of textbooks.
Example: Hong Kong people are exasperated by the exorbitant property prices.
Example: Thousands of people were attracted by the low prices of Ikea’s products, only to
find that they had been sold out when they arrived.
 60

111. price (價格)

b. price + v.

price 1. increases (上升)

2. jumps (急升)
3. soars (急升)
4. rockets (急升)
5. skyrockets (急升)
6. falls (下跌)
7. plunges (大跌)
8. plummets (大跌)
9. tumbles (大跌)
10. fluctuate (波動)
Example: With soaring inflation, the prices of textbooks have been skyrocketing.

Example: The price of an apartment in New Town Plaza has soared from $5 million to more
than $12 million.

Example: With the exacerbation of the Greek financial crisis, share prices have been
plunging.

Example: Due to the food poisoning scandal, the prices of Chinese dairy products
plummeted.

112. punishment (懲罰)

1. avoid (避免) 1. harsh (嚴厲) punishment
2. escape (逃避) 2. drastic (嚴厲)
3. step up (加強) 3. severe (嚴厲)
4. tighten (加強) 4. heavy (嚴厲)
5. inflict (施加) 5. strict (嚴厲)
Example: Eric Snowden is hiding in Russia to avoid harsh punishment by the US authorities.
Example: The government has to step up severe punishment on drug traffickers.
Example: With surging anti-mainland sentiment, the authorities in Shenzhen have tightened
punishment on parallel traders.
Example: In bygone days, it was not uncommon for parents to inflict corporal punishment on
their children.
 61

113. quality (質素)

1. enhance (改善) 1. high (高) quality
2. improve (改善) 2. excellent (卓越)
3. raise (改善) 3. superior (卓越)
4. reduce (降低) 4. decent (卓越)
5. impair (降低) 5. low (低)
6. maintain (維持) 6. poor (差勁)
7. assess (評估) 7. inferior (差勁)
Example: Royal View Hotel has been striving to enhance the quality of its services.
Example: Instead of gaining market share through price competition, Chinese manufacturers
have to raise the quality of their products.
Example: The lack of journalistic talents has impaired the quality of local newspapers.
Example: Despite becoming the market leader of smartphones, Apple is not complacent and
does its utmost to maintain its product quality.
Example: Japanese electronic appliances are popular all over the world due to their superior
quality.
Example: Many university graduates are of inferior quality. Hardly can they cope with the
challenges in their life and become financially independent.

114. reaction (反應)

1. have 1. strong (強烈) reaction
2. cause (導致) 2. favourable (正面)
3. provoke (導致) 3. positive (正面)
4. trigger (導致) 4. hostile (仇恨的)
5. negative (負面)
6. immediate (即時)
Example: The public had strong reaction against Henry Tang’s extra marital affairs.
Example: The police’s employment of tear gas to dispel the protesters during the Umbrellla
Movement provoked negative reaction and led to public occupation of Admiralty, Causeway
Bay and Mong Kok.
Example: The devastating dust party explosion triggered immediate reaction from netizens,
who were mostly sympathetic of the victims.
 62

115. reason (原因)

1. explain (解釋) 1. apparent (明顯) reason

2. specify (詳細指明) 2. underlying (背後)
3. pinpoint (指出) 3. primary (主要)
4. provide (提供)

Example: In the following, I will explain the reasons for the growing hostility between
Hongkongers and mainlanders.
Example: In this article, I will provide the primary reasons for the surging economic strength
of China.
Example: The police are still investigating the underlying reasons for the dust party explosion.

116. regulation (規則)

1. follow (遵從) 1. effective (有效) regulation
2. comply with (遵從) 2. strict (嚴厲)
3. abide by (遵從) 3. tough (嚴厲)
4. adhere to (遵從) 4. drastic (嚴厲)
5. observe (遵從)
6. breach (違反)
7. implement (實行)
8. introduce (引入)
9. tighten (收緊)
10. abolish (廢除)

Example: Every student has to comply with school regulations.

Example: The soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army are required to adhere to strict
regulations.
Example: Those employees who breach the regulations of the company may be sacked.
Example: Since the government implemented the drastic regulations, the number of fires has
plummeted.
 63

117. relationship (關係)

a. v. + relationship
1. establish (建立) 1. harmonious (和諧) relationship
2. build (建立) 2. intimate (親密)
3. develop (發展) 3. close (緊密)
4. foster (促進) 4. inextricable (密不可分)
5. cement (鞏固) 5. irreparable (不能修補)
6. spoil (破壞) 6. long-lasting (長久的)
7. ruin (摧毀)
8. manage (管理)
9. repair (修補)
Example: In recent years, the US has established harmonious relationship with Cuba.
Example: Donald Tsang is accused of developing intimate relationship with property tycoons.
Example: More communication can foster the relationship between parents and children.
Example: Financial difficulties have spoilt the relationship between the couple.
Example: Ronny Tong wants Hong Kong to repair its relationship with China.
Example: With China becoming its largest trading partner, South Korea has developed
inextricable relationship with the former.
Example: Kobe Bryant’s relationship with his coach was considered irreparable. Afterwards,
they mended fences and won two more NBA championships together.

b. relationship + v.

relationship 1. deepens (深化)

2. develops (發展)
3. flourishes (蓬勃)
4. deteriorates (惡化)
5. worsens (惡化)
Example: With Hong Kong’s unification with China, their economic relationship has
deepened.

Example: In recent years, the relationship between China and Japan has been worsening.

Example: Peter is increasingly rebellious and his relationship with teachers is deteriorating.
 64

118. reputation (名譽)

1. acquire (獲得) 1. shining (卓著) reputation
2. gain (獲得) 2. outstanding (卓著)
3. have (有) 3. enviable (令人妒忌的)
4. enhance (提升) 4. poor (差勁的)
5. raise (提升) 5. unsavoury (差勁的)
6. affect (影響)
7. blemish (損害)
8. ruin (損害)
9. tarnish (損害)
10. spoil (損害)
Example: KFC has acquired shining reputation with its crispy fried chickens.
Example: The excellent academic performance of its students has enhanced the reputation
of the CMI school.
Example: The footages of tour guides verbally abusing mainland tourists have blemished
Hong Kong’s reputation as a popular tourist destination.
Example: The devastating dust party explosion has tarnished the reputation of Taiwan.
Example: The restaurant is patronized by many customers every day owing to its outstanding
reputation.
Example: Few people purchased the electrical appliances manufactured by China due to their
poor reputation.

119. resources (資源)

1. channel (分配) 1. precious (珍貴) resources
2. allocate (分配) 2. valuable (珍貴)
3. lack (缺乏) 3. invaluable (珍貴)
4. conserve (節省) 4. limited (有限)
5. manage (管理)
Example: The government should not channel precious resources to white elephants.
Example: Schools should allocate resources to assist the students with learning difficulties.
Example: Hardly can schools enhance the quality of English teaching as they lack resources.
Example: The Chinese government should better manage the invaluable forest resources.
 65

120. responsibility (責任)

1. shoulder / take (承擔) 1. great (巨大的) responsibility

2. bear (承擔) 2. enormous (巨大的)

3. share (分享) 3. sole (唯一的)

4. have (有) 4. collective (集體的)

5. develop (發展) 5. civic (公民)

6. evade (逃避) 6. a sense of (..感)

7. shirk (逃避)

Example: The government should shoulder great responsibility in helping the poor.

Example: Schools and parents share collective responsibility in nurturing the next generation.

Example: People have civic responsibility to keep public venues clean.

Example: Through organizing extra-curricular activities, we can develop our sense of

responsibility.

121. right (權利)

1. enjoy (享受) right
2. exercise (行使)
3. limit (限制)
4. infringe on (違反)

Example: According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong citizens enjoy the right of expressing their
opinion freely without being arrested.

Example: We should exercise our voting right in the coming Legislative Council Election.

Example: The Chinese government often infringes on the human rights of its citizens.
 66

122. safety (安全)

1. ensure (確保) safety
2. guarantee (確保)
3. enhance (改善)
4. improve (改善)

Example: Every effort has to be made to ensure the safety of construction workers.
Example: Wearing a seat belt can guarantee your safety.
Example: Tougher legislations can enhance road safety.

123. satisfaction (滿意)

1. bring 1. immense (巨大) satisfaction
2. derive (獲得) 2. tremendous (巨大)
3. feel 3. enormous (巨大)
4. gain
5. enjoy

Example: Conquering Mount Everest can bring immense satisfaction.

Example: Teachers derive tremendous satisfaction from nurturing the next generation.
Example: After winning the World Cup, the players of the German national team enjoyed
enormous satisfaction.

124. solution (解決方法)

1. come up with (想出) 1. ideal (理想) solution
2. figure out (想出) 2. optimal (最佳)
3. devise (想出) 3. feasible (可行)

Example: It is difficult, if not possible to come up with the ideal solution to the stalemate of
constitutional reform.
Example: After a long meeting, they eventually figured out the optimal solution to the crisis.
Example: It is time for the government to devise feasible solution to the problem of waste
disposal in the long term.
 67

125. situation (狀況)

1. lead to 1. critical (重要) situation
2. deal with (處理) 2. urgent (緊急)
3. cope with (處理) 3. life-and-death (生死攸關)
4. tackle (處理) 4. win-win (雙贏)
5. handle (處理) 5. irreversible (不能扭轉的)
6. encounter (面對) 6. intolerable (不能忍受的)
7. confront (面對) 7. current (現在)
8. face (面對) 8. disconcerting (令人擔心的)
9. respond to (回應)
10. rectify (糾正)
11. improve (改善)
Example: Greece was on the brink of bankruptcy. To deal with the urgent situation, the
officials of the European Union met with their Greek counterparts.
Example: It is necessary for firemen to undergo stringent training as they need to handle
life-and-death situation.
Example: The Shanghai government was planning to construct a new petrochemical plant in
the city, which may jeopardize the health of citizens. Encountering the intolerable situation,
thousands of residents marched in the street and demanded the cancellation of the plan.
Example: The irresponsible doctor did nothing to respond to the critical situation of the
cancer patient and let him die.
Example: The local movie industry is declining. To rectify the disconcerting situation, the
government has to adopt more favourable policies to facilitate the development of the
industry.

126. support (支持)

1. attract (吸引) 1. complete (全力) support
2. gain (取得) 2. full (全力)
3. receive (取得) 3. wholehearted (全心全意)
4. earn (贏得) 4. widespread (廣泛)
5. pledge (承諾) 5. strong (強的)
Example: He has gained complete financial support from parents to study in Britain.
Example: Barack Obama has received widespread support to implement universal health
care.
Example: John Tsang has earned full support from President Xi Jinping.
 68

127. skills (技能)

1. require (需要) 1. professional (職業的) skills

2. acquire (獲取) 2. communication (溝通)

3. learn (學習) 3. leadership (領導)

4. master (掌握) 4. inter-personal (人際)

5. improve / enhance (改善) 5. critical-thinking (批判)

6. examination (考試)

Example: Answering the examination questions of Liberal Studies require critical thinking skills.

Example: Through organizing interest clubs, students can learn leadership skills.

Example: Participating in voluntary activities can improve our communication skills.

Example: Students can master examination skills by attending tutorial classes.

128. studies (學業)

1. pursue (追求) 1. academic (學術) studies

2. continue (繼續) 2. further (持續)

3. complete (完成) 3. lifelong (終生)

4. concentrate on (集中)

5. enhance (提升)

Example: In recent years, more and more underperformers of the HKDSE have pursued further
studies in Taiwan.

Example: After completing their studies, university students have to search for jobs and learn to
be independent.

Example: Instead of doing part-time jobs and buying luxury goods, secondary school students
should concentrate on their academic studies.

Example: The exam-oriented education system in Hong Kong compels many students to enhance
their academic studies by attending tutorial classes.
 69

129. success (成功)

1. achieve (取得) 1. phenomenal (傑出的) success

2. accomplish (取得) 2. great (巨大的)

3. strive for (爭取) 3. enormous (巨大的)

4. tremendous (巨大的)

5. stunning (驚人的)

Example: Kobe Bryant has achieved phenomenal success in his illustrious basketball career.
Example: Despite scathing criticism, Barack Obama has accomplished enormous success in
his presidency.
Example: As the key player of Real Madrid, C.Ronaldo has been striving for tremendous
success in his soccer career.

130. target /aim / goal / purpose / objective / (目標)

1. set (訂立) 1. short-term (短期) 1. target

2. pursue (追求) 2. long-term (長期) 2. aim

3. achieve / reach / 3. personal / individual (個人) 3. goal

realize 4. ultimate (終極) 4. purpose

(達成) 5. lifelong (終生) 5. objective

Example: The government should set short-term objectives on the reduction of waste disposal.

Example: In order to get a promotion in his company pursue his long-term goal of buying a luxury

home, he is working industriously.

Example: Ate the age of 80, he finally achieved his lifelong goal and travelled around the world.
 70

131. temper (脾氣)

1. lose 1. bad temper
2. control 2. fiery (暴躁)
Example: Known as the Worm, Dennis Rodman often lost his temper when he was a NBA
player.
Example: Anthony is an impulsive person. Even his wife cannot control his fiery temper.

132. time (時間)

1. allocate (分配) time
2. devote (奉獻)
3. dedicate (奉獻)
4. spare (撥出)
5. kill (消磨)
6. take up (佔去)
Example: Through allocating more time on studies, students can enhance their results.
Example: Mother Teresa dedicated most of her time helping the poor in India.
Example: Many adolescents kill their time by browsing social networking websites.
Example: Attending tutorial lessons takes up most of his time.

133. trend (潮流)

1. set (建立) 1. current (現時) trend
2. reverse (扭轉) 2. present (現時)
3. terminate (杜絕) 3. recent (最近)
4. rising (上升)
5. long-term (長期)
Example: The prominence of Michael Jordan set the current trend of worshipping NBA idols.
Example: The English standard of local students has been declining. To reverse the present
trend, the government has to enhance the quality of English teachers.
Example: In order to terminate the rising trend of gun violence, it is time the US government
regulated the civilian use of guns.
 71

134. understanding (了解)

1. have 1. complete (完全) understanding

2. gain (取得) 2. full (完全)

3. acquire (取得) 3. more

4. deepen (加深) 4. sufficient (足夠)

5. enhance (提升) 5. deep (深入)

6. lack 6. basic (基本)

Example: Through attending school activities, parents can have more understanding of their

children.

Example: By reading the three volumes of English Grammar in Use published by Cambridge

University Press, you can acquire complete understanding of English grammar.

Example: Browsing CIA World Factbook can deepen your understanding of different

countries.

Example: Most students lack understanding of Chinese history.

Example: Sufficient understanding of the Basic Law is a prerequisite of becoming a civil

servant.

135. values (價值觀)

1. inculcate (灌輸) 1. positive values

2. implant (灌輸) 2. moral (道德)

3. distort (扭曲)

4. twist(扭曲)

Example: Every teacher has the responsibility to inculcate positive values in students.

Example: Violent and pornographic programmes distort the moral values of adolescents.

Example: Sensational and irresponsible media coverage has twisted the moral values of

young people.
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136. warning (警告)

1. issue (發出) warning

2. give (發出)

3. heed (注意)

4. take heed of (注意)

Example: When Hong Kong is affected gale, the Observatory issues the warning of Typhoon

signal no.8.

Example: The form teacher gave a warning to his students, telling them that they would not

get promoted unless they pass the supplementary examination.

Example: Shinzo Abe took heed of the warning by the Chinese government and did not visit

the Yasukuni Shrine.

137. waste (廢物)

1. produce (製造) 1. dangerous waste

2. get rid of (棄置) 2. harmful

3. dispose of (棄置) 3. toxic (有毒)

4. dump (棄置) 4. recyclable (可循環再做)

5. reduce (減少) 5. domestic (家居的)

6. industrial (工業)

Example: The factories and power plants in China always produce harmful industrial waste.

Example: We should wear protective masks and gloves when we dispose of toxic waste.

Example: A large amount of domestic waste is dumped every year.

Example: The implementation of waste charging can reduce the amount of domestic waste.
 73

138. work (工作)

1. start 1. difficult (困難) work

2. take on (承擔) 2. painstaking (刻苦)

3. carry out (進行) 3. tedious (苦悶的)

4. complete (完成) 4. collaborative (合作的)

Example: The soldiers started the difficult work of rescuing the victims of the coal mine

disaster.

Example: In the 19th century, many Chinese workers carried out the painstaking work of

mining gold in San Francisco.

Example: University students have to complete a lot of collaborative work, including doing

group projects and organizing activities.

Example: Nowadays, many youngsters are disgusted by tedious office work and their

turnover rate is high.

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B. Other Collocations

1. 青少年
1. generation gap Example: Nowadays, many parents and their children have generation gap.

Example: In order to bridge the generation gap, parents and children should
communicate with each other frequently.

2. the next generation 下一代 Example: The next generation is the future pillar of our society. Therefore,
nurture the next generation parents and schools should strive to provide the best education for them.
培育下一代
Example: Parents in Hong Kong spend a lot of money so as to nurture the
next generation.

3. talents 人材 Example: The Chinese University has nurtured a lot of talents over the past
nurture talents few decades.
develop talents
Example: With a view to maintaining its competitiveness, Hong Kong should
develop more talents in information technology and creative industries.

4. extra-curricular activities Example: Don’t be a bookworm anymore. Join some extra-curricular

課外活動 activities.
join extra-curricular activities
Example: We can enhance our all-round development through participating
參加課外活動
in extra-curricular activities.
participate in extra-curricular
activities 參加課外活動 Example: Many student s in the school have organized extra-curricular
organize extra-curricular activities, such as fashion shows and inter-school Christmas parties.
activities 組織課外活動
5. organize interest clubs Example: Through organizing interest clubs, we can enhance our leadership
組織學會 and communication skills.

6. socialize with 與某人交際 Example: On social-networking websites like Facebook and Instagram, we
can socialize with our friends.

7. do voluntary work 做義工 Example: We can help the needy through doing voluntary work.

8. attend tutorial classes 補習 Example: In the exam-oriented system in Hong Kong, students are anxious
about their academic results. As a result, they have attended tutorial
classes organized by star tutors.
 75

9. train one’s skills 訓練技巧 Example: Exchange trips can train our English oral skills.

10. develop critical thinking skills Example: After students have studied Liberal Studies, they can develop their
發展批判思維技巧 critical thinking and logical thinking skills.
develop logical thinking skills
發展邏輯思維能力
11. achieve excellent academic Example: In order to achieve excellent academic results, many students
results 取得優異成績 study from day till night.
achieve excellent academic
Example: Professor Simon Shen studied in Britain and the United States and
performance
achieved excellent academic performance.
取得優異的學術表現
12. affect academic results Example: Obsession with smartphones and social-networking websites will
影響成績 affect our academic results.

13. do poorly in examinations Example: Many students in Hong Kong do poorly in examinations because
考試表現差 they are distracted by smartphone applications and social net-working
websites.

14. high academic qualifications Example: With high academic qualifications, we can find remunerative jobs
高學歷 in reputable companies in the future.
low academic qualifications
Example: Many Hong Kong people live below the poverty line because they
低學歷
have low academic qualifications.

15. the key to success Example: Persistence is the key to success.

成功之匙
16. peer pressure Example: Due to peer pressure, some teenagers may become addicted to
朋輩壓力 drugs.

16. have emotional trouble Example: When we have emotional trouble, we should seek help from our
有情緒煩惱 loved ones or social workers.

17. ruin our future Example: Committing crimes like shoplifting and drug trafficking will ruin
摧毀我們的前途 our future.

18. go astray 誤入歧途 Example: When teenagers cannot resist the temptation of luxury products,
they may go astray and fall victims to criminals.
 76

19. play sports regularly Example: Although he is busy with his school work, he plays sports
定期做運動 regularly.
exercise regularly
Example: Exercising regularly not only can improve our health, it can also
定期做運動
relax our mind.

20. hang out with friends Example: On Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve, teenagers like to hang out
與朋友逛街 with their friends.

21. browse the Internet 上網 Example: With the popularity of online shops and auction sites like Taobao
surf the Internet 上網 and Amazon, many people browse the Internet and go shopping online.

Example: Many youngsters waste their time surfing the Internet.

22. play video games 打機 Example: If we play video games for a long time without taking a rest, our
eyesight will deteriorate.

23. see a movie 看電影 Example: After completing his work, Mr. Chan and his wife watched a movie
watch a movie 看電影 in Mong Kok.

24. go to karaoke lounges Example: Singing is a popular pastime of many teenagers. They like going to
唱卡啦 ok karaoke lounges with their friends.

25. become more mature Example: After taking the HKDSE, many students learn to overcome
變得更成熟 difficulties and become more mature.

26. meet people from different Example: Through participating in voluntary activities, we can meet people
walks of life from different walks of life.
結識不同階層的人
27. give a helping hand to Example: We can give a helping hand to the victims of the typhoon disaster
施予緩手 by donating money to charities like the World Vision and the Red Cross.

28. familiar with 熟悉 Example: With the influence of Korean culture, the youngsters in Hong Kong
get familiar with 對…熟悉 are familiar with Korean pop stars like Girls’ Generation and Super Junior.

Example: Students can get familiar with the format of the HKDSE by
attending tutorial classes.

29. enhance our English Example: We can enhance our English proficient through reading Grammar
proficiency 提升對英文的熟 reference books and writing regularly.
練程度
30. become more proficient in Example: By reading English novels and speaking to foreigners, we can
English 對英文更熟練 become more proficient in English.
 77

31. boost our English standard Example: Reading the South China Morning Post can boost our English
raise our English standard standard.
提升英文水平
Example: Participating in exchange trips in English-speaking countries can
raise our English standard.

32. enrich knowledge 豐富知識 Example: On one hand, browsing the Internet can enrich our knowledge. On
the other hand, it distracts our attention from our academic studies.

33. make more friends Example: Through becoming a Youth Ambassador, we can accumulate
交更多朋友 valuable experience and make more friends.
make friends with
Example: When Eric was going on his working holiday in Australia, he made
與某人交朋友
friends with many people there.

34. widen our social circle Example: We can widen our social circle by participating in inter-school
擴闊社交圈子 activities.

35. learn about different cultures Example: After entering university, we can make friends with people from
學習不同文化 around the world and learn about different cultures.

36. have face-to-face interaction Example: Unlike other star tutors, this tutorial teacher does not hold video
有面對面互動 classes. He wants to have face-to-face interaction with his students.

37. chat with friends Example: With the advancement in technology, we can chat with friends
與朋友聊天 through different channels, including Whatsapp and Facebook.

38. disclose personal information Example: When we surf the Internet, we should not disclose our personal
洩漏個人資料 information easily.

39. face keen competition Example: After our graduation, we need to face keen competition in the job
面對激烈的競爭 market. Therefore, we should equip ourselves with rich knowledge and
different soft skills, like communication skills and interpersonal skills.

40. equip ourselves with Example: In order to pass the English exam in the HKDSE, we should equip
為我們自己配備 ourselves with a solid foundation of grammar and a wide range of
vocabulary.
 78

41. promote the psychological Example: Salutary extra-curricular activities can promote the psychological
development 促進心理發展 development of teenagers.
promote the psychological
Example: Parents should let their children solve their problems themselves
growth 促進心理發展
because the process of overcoming difficulties can promote children’s
psychological growth.

42. hinder the psychological Example: Over-parenting will make teenagers dependent. This will hinder
development 妨礙心理發展 their psychological development.
hinder the psychological
Example: Poor family relationship and domestic violence will hinder the
growth 妨礙心理發展
psychological growth of children. They may become depressed and abusive.

43. physical health 生理健康 Example: Staying up late is detrimental to our physical health. If we have
insufficient sleep, we will suffer from exhaustion and diseases more easily.

44. promote all-round Example: Participating in extra-curricular activities and inter-school

development competitions can promote our all-round development. We can enhance our
促進全面發展 interpersonal skills and organizational skills.

45. promote personal Example: Attending part-time courses after work can promote our personal
development 促進個人發展 development.
promote personal
Example: Joining internship programmes and working in companies can
growth 促進個人發展
promote the personal growth of university students.

46. lack motivation 缺乏動力 Example: Due to high living standard, some of the Post-80s lack motivation
lack motivation to work hard to work hard.
缺乏動力努力
Example: In Hong Kong, many students lack motivation to improve their
lack motivation to improve
academic results.
缺乏動力改善

47. take things for granted Example: Nowadays, teenagers are spoiled by their parents. They can
視某事為理所當然 almost buy everything they want. As a result, they take things for granted.

48. study abroad Example: When youngsters study abroad, they can learn to take care of
study overseas themselves.
到海外留學
Example: The education system of Hong Kong is exam-oriented. To let their
children grow in a more creative environment, many parents send their
children to study overseas.
 79

49. enhance communication skills Example: Doing voluntary work can enhance our communication skills.
提升溝通技巧
Example: Organizing interest clubs can enhance our leadership skills.
enhance leadership skills
提升領導技巧
50. stay up late 遲睡覺 Example: To achieve excellent academic results, many students are willing
to sacrifice their sleep and stay up late.

51. increase sense of belonging to Example: Participating in our school’s sport teams can increase our sense of
增加歸屬感 belonging to the school.

52. resist the temptation of Example: If we want to keep fit, we need to resist the temptation of snacks.
抵抗誘惑
Example: As we are financially dependent on our parents, we should resist
the temptation of luxury products.

53. provide an opportunity for Example: Voluntary activities provide an opportunity for us to understand
sbdy to do sthg the needy.
為某人提供機會做某事
54. focus on 集中 Example: When we are preparing for the HKDSE, we should focus on
concentrate on 集中 studying and reduce other activities.

Example: China is concentrating on improving the living standard of people.

55. make efforts 作出努力 Example: The government should make efforts to tackle drug abuse.
make strenuous efforts
Example: Many local athletes have made strenuous efforts to achieve good
作出艱苦努力
results in international sports events.

56. try our best to 盡我們所能 Example: We should try our best to contribute to our school.

57. seek help from sbdy Example: When we face difficulties, we can seek help from our friends,
向某人徵求協助 parents and teachers.

58. take public examinations Example: Inevitably, we will face tremendous pressure when we take public
參加公開考試 examinations. However, as long as we work hard and try our best, we will
not regret.

59. regard sthg as sthg Example: In Hong Kong, many people regard excellent academic
將某事視為某事 performance as the benchmark of success.

60. eager to 渴望 Example: Many university graduates are eager to join huge accounting and
financial firms.
 80

61. low education level Example: Due to low education level, many middle-aged people earn little
低教育程度 income and find it difficult to make ends meet.
high education level
Example: Hong Kong hopes to attract more foreign talents with high
高教育程度
education level.

62. distract sbdy from sthg Example: Checking Whatsapp messages distract students from their studies
分散某人的注意力
Example: Dating distracts many teenagers from their school work.

63. beneficial to 有好處的 Example: Regular exercise is beneficial to our health.

advantageous to 有好處的
Example: Building casinos is advantageous to the Hong Kong economy.

64. harmful to 有壞處的 Example: Reclamation is harmful to the marine environment.

detrimental to 有壞處的
Example: Pornographic materials are detrimental to the psychological
development of teenagers.

65. on the Internet 在互聯網 Example: The Internet is an indispensable tool in our life. We can do almost
everything on the Internet, like searching for information and shopping.

66. encourage creativity Example: Schools can organize talents shows and drama competitions to
鼓勵創意 encourage creativity.
stifle creativity
Example: The exam-oriented system in Hong Kong stifles creativity.
扼殺創意
67. lag behind Example: In recent decades, China has enjoyed rapid economic
落後 development. However, it lags behind other countries in tackling air
pollution.

68. career prospect 就業前景 Example: With intense competition in the job market, many university
graduates are worried about their career prospect.

69. seize the opportunity to Example: The study tour will take place in August. Students should seize the
抓緊機會 opportunity to improve their English and broaden their horizons.

70. university graduates Example: Some people argue that the government should hold an English
大學畢業生 benchmark exam to test the English standard of university graduates.

71. secure a good job Example: In a money-oriented society like Hong Kong, most graduates aim
獲得好工 to secure a good job and earn high income.

72. read books and magazine Example: Through reading books and magazine, students can learn more
閱讀書籍 about current affairs.
 81

73. watch documentary Example: We can watch documentary to learn more about wildlife.
看紀錄片
74. the new secondary school Example: Under the new secondary school curriculum, students have to
curriculum 新中學課程 study Liberal Studies.

75. put heavy pressure on Example: The HKDSE puts heavy pressure on sixth-formers.
為某人帶來巨大壓力
76. correct bad habit Example: According to many employers, the Post-80s are not punctual and
改正壞習慣 they should definitely correct this bad habit.

77. think twice Example: When teenagers would like to meet their online friends, they
三思 should think twice because they may fall prey to criminals.

78. lack the care of Example: When youngsters lack the care of their parents, they easily feel
缺乏關心 frustrated and hopeless.

79. keep abreast of Example: Through reading newspapers and watching TV news, we can
跟上時代步伐 keep abreast of current affairs.

80. satisfy the needs of Example: Nowadays, teenagers need to confront more and more emotional
satisfy their needs problems. The small number of social workers in secondary schools cannot
滿足需要 satisfy their needs.

81. satisfy the curiosity of Example: The paparazzi have invaded on the privacy of celebrities to satisfy
satisfy their curiosity the curiosity of the general public.
滿足好奇心
82. golden opportunity Example: The Christmas and Lunar New Year holidays are golden
黃金機會 opportunities for us to revise what we have learnt.

83. promising future career Example: After their graduation, university graduates can have promising
大有前途的將來 future career as long as they are equipped with rich knowledge and skills.

84. get along with 相處 Example: Through doing voluntary work, students can learn to get along
with different kinds of people.
 82

2. 家庭
1. genuine communication Example: With genuine communication, we can have harmonious
真誠的溝通 relationship with our family.

2. understand the psychological Example: Many parents are busy with their work and do not understand the
needs of children psychological needs of their children.
了解孩子的心靈需要
3. set a good example Example: Children always copy the manners and behavior of their parents.
樹立好榜樣 Therefore, parents should set a good example and abandon such bad habits
as smoking and speaking foul languages.

4. scold and punish children Example: Parents should not scold and punish their children blindly.
責罵和懲罰孩子 Instead, they with communicate with their children patiently and teach
them the positive attitude towards life.

5. boost self-esteem Example: Parents should allow children to overcome their adversities
增強自尊心 themselves. This can boost their self-esteem make them independent.
damage self-esteem
Example: Frequently scolding your children will damage their self-esteem.
破壞自尊心
6. have a poor relationship with Example: Many teenagers have a poor relationship with their parents and
與某人有惡劣的關係 argue with them frequently.
build up a good relationship
Example: Parents can build up a good relationship with their children
建立良好關係
through spending more time with them.
maintain a good family
relationship Example: As long as we communicate with our parents and siblings
維持良好家庭關係 genuinely, we can maintain a good family relationship.
improve our family
Example: Before we can improve our family relationship, we need to talk
relationship
改善家庭關係 with and understand each other in the family.

7. communicate with Example: Parents in low-income families have to work long hours every day.
與某人溝通 They find it difficult to communicate with their children.

8. interact with Example: Teaching is two-way traffic. Teachers and students should interact
與某人互動 with each other.

9. monitor the behaviour of Example: In Hong Kong, the problem of tiger parents has raised increasing
children 監察子女的行為 concern. In the most extreme cases, some parents recruit detectives to
monitor the behaviour of their children, who are studying in university.

10. mutual trust 互相信任 Example: In building up a good family relationship, mutual trust and mutual
mutual respect 互相尊重 respect are important.
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3. 社會

1. have high moral standard Example: Since teachers are responsible for inculcate positive attitude in
高道德水平 students, they should have high moral standard.
have low moral standard
Example: Many newspapers in Hong Kong have low moral standard. In
低道德水平
order to maximize their profit, they pollute the mind of teenagers with
pornographic and violent news coverage.

2. drink alcohol 飲酒 Example: Drink driving jeopardizes the life of other road users. Therefore,
we should not drink alcohol before driving.

3. expand landfill 擴展堆填區 Example: To handle the large amount of rubbish in the coming decades, we
have to expand our landfills.

4. convenient public Example: Hong Kong is reputable for its excellent infrastructures. Its
transportation convenient public transportation is one of its major strengths.
方便的公共交通
5. lead a happy life Example: In modern society, people are eroded by materialism and they are
過快樂的生活 obsessed with making money. They should try to lead a happy life by
spending more time with their loved ones.
lead a healthy life
Example: We should lead a healthy life by exercising regularly and eating
過健康的生活
more vegetables and fruit.

6. fall victim to Example: In recent months, dozens of people in China have fallen victim to
成為…的受害者 the H7N9 avian flu and some of them have died.

7. fall prey to Example: As teenagers are immature, they easily fall prey to criminals.
成為…的獵物
8. information technology Example: In an age of information technology, computer skills are essential
資訊科技 in our jobs.

9. technological advancement Example: Due to technological advancement, we can communicate with

科技進步 people around the globe more easily.
advancement in technology
Example: Our life expectancy has increased significantly owing to
科技進步
advancement in medical technology.

10. luxury products 奢侈品 Example: Chinese people are obsessed with buying luxury products.
brand-name products 名牌貨
Example: In Hong Kong, many teenagers are polluted by materialism and
waste a lot of money buying brand-name products.
 84

11. the mass media 傳媒 Example: Many people criticize the mass media for polluting the mind of
teenagers.

12. bridge the wealth gap Example: According to the official poverty line, more than 1 million Hong
縮窄貧富懸殊 Kong people are poor. The government should take prompt action to bridge
the wealth gap.

13. live below the poverty line Example: Although Hong Kong is a wealthy city, many low-income people
生活於貧窮線下 live below the poverty line.

14. have a balanced diet Example: To alleviate the problem of obesity, the government should
有均衡飲食 organize campaigns to encourage people to have a balanced diet.

15. do regular exercise Example: No matter how busy we are, we should do regular exercise to
exercise regularly keep our body healthy.
定期做運動
Example: Through exercising regularly, we can strengthen our immune
system and improve our health.

16. strengthen our body Example: We can strengthen our body through jogging for 30 minutes a day.
強身健體
17. pollute the mind of Example: Pornographic websites pollute the mind of teenagers. Parents
污染思想 should monitor their online behaviour and install filtering software.

18. deserve attention 值得關注 Example: The problem of light pollution deserves our attention. Many
attract attention 吸引關注 residents complain that dazzling neon lights have disrupted their sleep.

Example: The shortage of kindergarten places has attracted public

attention. Many parents have demanded the opening of more
kindergartens.

19. buy environmentally-friendly Example: In order to protect the environment, we should buy more
products 買環保產品 environmentally-friendly products.

20. reduce, reuse and recycle Example: The effectiveness of environmental protection hinges on our
減少、再用、循環再造 habits. We should reduce, reuse and recycle. By reducing the amount of
waste, reusing paper and recycling rubbish, we can reduce our burden on
the environment.

21. hit the headlines Example: The news of domestic violence often hits the headlines of local
成為頭條 newspapers.

22. receive widespread media Example: The phenomenal success of Liu Xiang in the 2004 Olympics
coverage 得到廣泛傳媒報道 received widespread media coverage.
 85

23. become worse and worse Example: The problem of teenage suicide has become worse and worse.
不斷惡化
24. protect our health Example: Regular medical check-ups can protect our health.
safeguard our health
Example: Avoiding junk food can safeguard our health.
保護健康
25. suffer from 遭受 Example: With heavy workload and pressure, many employees in Hong Kong
suffer from physical and mental problems.

26. prolonged exposure to Example: Prolonged exposure to sunlight will lead to skin cancer.
長期暴露於…
27. take drugs 吸毒 Example: As teenagers are immature, they are vulnerable to peer pressure
drug addicts 癮君子 and take drugs.

Example: Drug addicts spend a large amount of money on drugs. As a result,

they will easily get into financial trouble.

28. harmful to Example: Staying up late is harmful to our health.

detrimental to
Example: Internet slang is detrimental to the development of students’
有害的
language skills.

29. receive medical treatment Example: The victims of the fire are receiving medical treatment at Prince
接受治療 of Wales Hospital.

30. pollute the environment Example: Power generation, industrial activities and vehicles have polluted
污染環境 the environment in China.

31. protect the environment Example: We can protect the environment by recycling paper and switching
保護環境 off electrical appliances when they are not used.

32. obtain up-to-date information Example: We can obtain up-to-date information of the weather from the
取得最新資訊 website of the Hong Kong Observatory.

33. crucial to 重要的 Example: Tourism is crucial to the Hong Kong economy.
indispensable to 不可或缺的
Example: Sophisticated infrastructures and an excellent education system
are indispensable to a successful country.

34. daily necessities 必需品 Example: In the Information Age, computers and smartphones are our daily
necessities.
 86

35. preserve heritage 保護文物 Example: Although economic development is important, we should
heritage preservation preserve our heritage.
文物保護
Example: As a responsible government, it should strike a balance between
economic growth and heritage preservation.

36. commit crimes 犯罪 Example: Under peer pressure, teenagers may join triad societies and
commit crimes.

37. commit suicide 自殺 Example: Bullying is an increasingly serious problem in Hong Kong. In some
extreme cases, the victims may feel so hopeless that they commit suicide.

38. treasure life 珍惜生命 Example: Adversities are inevitable. Sometimes, you may feel despondent
and hopeless. However, you should treasure your life. As long as you work
hard, you will definitely overcome your adversities.

39. western culture 西方文化 Example: As Hong Kong was a British colony, western culture has infiltrated
Chinese culture 中國文化 every part of our life.

Example: In the Chinese culture, filial piety is emphasized we should respect

and take care of our parents.

40. fast-food culture 快餐文化 Example: With the influence of fast-food culture, fast-food restaurants like
McDonald’s and Café de Coral are popular in Hong Kong.

41. establish a healthy image Example: As the role models of teenagers, pop singers should establish a
建立健康形象 healthy image.
maintain a healthy image
Example: Andy Lau maintains a healthy image through his voluntary and
philanthropic work.
 87

4. 工作/經濟

1. attract tourists 吸引遊客 Example: Hong Kong can attract more tourists by developing eco-tourism.

2. make a living 賺取生計 Example: With the popularity of auction websites, many people make a
earn a living 賺取生計 living by selling products online.
sustain a living 維持生 計
Example: Without the care from their children, some old people in Hong
maintain their livelihood
Kong earn a living by picking up soft drink cans and re-selling them.
維持生 計
make ends meet Example: After the death of her husband, the woman sustained a living by
維持生 計 selling vegetables.

Example: Many mainland immigrants have poor skills and knowledge. Some
of them maintain their livelihood by doing multiple jobs.

Example: The low-skill workers in Hong Kong find it difficult to make ends
meet.

3. face financial difficulties Example: Without the protection of medical insurance, some old people
面對財政困難 face great financial difficulties when they suffer from serious diseases.

4. impose a financial burden on Example: In Hong Kong, the high cost of textbooks imposes a great financial
帶來財政負擔 burden on parents.

5. promote work-life balance Example: Employers in Hong Kong can promote work-life balance by
推動工作與生活平衡 implementing flexible working hours.
promote a balanced lifestyle
Example: The government has promoted a balanced lifestyle by adopting
推動平衡的生活方式
five-day working weeks for civil servants.
have a balanced lifestyle
有平衡的生活方式 Example: With 40-hour working weeks, the people in many European
countries can have a balanced lifestyle.

6. have a hectic lifestyle Example: Many Form 6 students in Hong Kong have a hectic lifestyle. In
忙碌的生活方式 order to achieve excellent results in the HKDSE, they study from day till night
and attend tutorial classes after school.

7. busy with work Example: In Hong Kong, many parents are busy with their work. Therefore,
因工作而忙碌 they do not have enough time to communicate with their children.

8. keep pace with Example: To keep pace with other students, Ka Yi has to work very hard.
追上…的步伐
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9. low-skill workers Example: Nowadays, Hong is a knowledge-based economy and many jobs
低技術工人 require a high level of knowledge and skills. As a result, low-skill workers are
much less competitive in the labour market.

10. maximum working hours Example: If the government implements maximum working hours,
最高工時 employees can enjoy more leisure time and work-life balance.

11. five-day working weeks Example: Many university graduates aspire to join the government as civil
五天工作週 servants can enjoy stable salary rise and five-day working weeks.

12. enhance the well-being of Example: The increase in Old Age Living Allowance can enhance the
提升某人的福祉 well-being of the elderly.

13. improve the living standard of Example: Rapid economic development has improved the living standard of
改善某人的生活質素 millions of Chinese people.
rising living standard
Example: The rising living standard of Chinese people has allowed them to
上升的生活質素
buy fancy cars and brand-name clothes.

14. tourist attraction Example: Ocean Park and Disneyland are the tourist attractions of Hong
tourist destination Kong.
旅遊景點
Example: The Great Wall is a popular tourist destination in Beijing.

15. amusement parks 遊樂場 Example: Every week, his parents take him to amusement parks.
theme parks 主題公園
Example: Disneyland and Universal Studios are some of the most reputable
theme parks in the world.

16. knowledge-based economy Example: The world has transformed from a labour-intensive economy into
知識型經濟 a knowledge-based economy. In order to meet the future challenges in our
career, we have to equip ourselves with sufficient skills and knowledge.

17. promote economic growth Example: The government can promote economic growth through lowering
promote economic tax rates and attracting foreign investment.
development 推動經濟發展
Example: China has promoted future economic development by building
world-class infrastructures and provided excellent education for the next
generation.

18. boost the economy Example: Distributing money to the public can increase consumption and
刺激經濟 boost the economy.
hinder economic
Example: The increasing number of social conflicts will hinder economic
development 妨礙經濟發展
development.
 89

19. enjoy rapid economic Example: China has enjoyed rapid economic development due to the
development open-door policy and urbanization.
享受迅速的經濟發展
20. maintain the Example: Hong Kong can maintain its competitiveness by continuing its low
competitiveness 維持競爭 tax rate.
力
Example: Learning multiple foreign languages can improve our
improve the
competitiveness.
competitiveness 改善競爭力
undermine the Example: The deteriorating English standard of teenagers will undermine
competitiveness 削弱競爭 Hong Kong’s competitiveness.
力
21. compete with Example: With the rapid economic development in China, Hong Kong needs
與…競爭 to compete with such mainland cities as Shenzhen and Shanghai.
compete for
Example: Every year, sixth-formers work very hard to compete for the
為…競爭
limited number of university places.

22. pay a visit to 探訪 Example: Many tourists pay a visit to the Bid Buddha when they vome to
Hong Kong.
 90

5. 政府

1. allocate more resources to Example: The government should allocate more resources to help the poor.
分配更多資源去…
Example: The government should allocate more resources to assist the
ethnic minorities to integrate into society.

2. provide sthg for sbdy Example: The government should provide more financial assistance for the
provide sbdy with sthg elderly who live under the poverty line.
為某人提供某物
Example: Schools should provide underperforming students with more
provide financial assistance
academic support.
提供財政援助
provide facilities Example: The government should provide more recreational facilities for
提供設施 the teenagers in Tin Shui Wai.

3. raise public awareness of Example: The government hopes to raise public awareness of personal
提高對某問題的意識 hygiene.

3. take prompt action Example: MTR should take prompt action to increase the reliability of its
採取迅速行動 train services.

4. play an important role in Example: Teachers play an important role in nurturing students. Therefore,
在某問題扮演重要角色 they should set a good example.

5. improve the situation Example: The problem of aging population is severe in Hog Kong. To
改善狀況 improve the situation, the government should take measures to increase
the birth rate and attract foreign talents.

6. prevent sbdy v+ing sthg Example: Compulsory school-based drug testing can prevent teenagers
防止 taking drugs.

8. launch a scheme 推行計劃 Example: The government has launched a scheme to attract foreign talents.
launch a campaign 推行運
Example: The government has launched campaigns to discourage smoking.
動
 91

9. implement a policy Example: The government should implement more policies to help
實施政策 low-income people upgrade their skills.
implement a measure
Example: The government has implemented several measures to cool down
實施措施
the property market.
adopt a policy
採取政策 Example: China adopted the one-child policy in 1979 to slow down
adopt a measure population growth.
採取措施
Example: Schools should adopt measures to alleviate the emotional
problems of students.

10. provide civic education Example: Chinese people are notorious for uncivilized behaviour, such as
提供公民教育 spitting, squatting and speaking loudly in public venues. Hence, the Chinese
government should provide more civic education to increase the quality of
Chinese citizens.

11. serve as a means to Example: Export restriction of milk powder serves as a means to ensure
是達成某目的的方法 stable supply of the product.
serve as an effective tool to
Example: Imprisonment serves as an effective tool to prevent crimes.
是達成某目的的工具

12. impose a charge on Example: The government is planning to impose a charge on rubbish
實行徵費 disposal.
impose a tax on
Example: The government has imposed increasing tax on cigarettes to
實行徵費
discourage smoking.
impose punishment on
實行懲罰 Example: The Chinese government should impose more punishment on air
polluters.

13. cooperate with 合作 Example: The government should cooperate with non-governmental
organizations to help the homeless.

Example: Schools and parents should cooperate with each other to nurture
the next generation.