Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LEYTE
ALANGALANG AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
BINONGTOAN, ALANGALANG, LEYTE
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) in General Mathematics 11

No. Q1-4

SOLVING REAL-LIFE PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

I. Background Information for Learners

Majority of the problems we encounter in real-life situation involve relationship between two
quantities where one quantity depends on another. For example, personnel in Department of
Health observes the number of persons infected by a particular virus in a certain community
increases with time. In finding out the exact function relating to the number of persons infected
to time, modelling can be used. Once the model is determined solving and predicting the
properties of the subject being studied can be done. At this point we will focus on solving in
order for us to predict answer to existing problems.

Consider the examples below and reflect if you are confident enough to proceed

1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying x facemask, if a facemask costs
₱65.00

Solution:

C ( x)=65 x

2. A commuter pays ₱ 9.00 for a jeepney fare for the first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75 for
every succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as function.

Solution:

F ( d ) =9 ,if 0<d <5

F (d)=9+0.75(d), if d >5

3. If f ( x)= x+6 , evaluate: a . f ( 4 ) b . f (−2)c . f (−x)

Solution:
a. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+6 b. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+6 c. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+6
f (4 )=4 +6 f (−2)=(−2)+6 f (−x)=−x+ 6
f (4 )=10 f (−2)=4

4. Let f (x)= x+3 and g( x )=x−2.

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 f ( 9)
Find a. f (3)+g (−2) b. f (4 )−g(0) c. f (x) ∙ g( x) d.
g (8 )

Solution:
a. f (x)= x+3 g( x )=x−2
f (3)=3+3 g(−2)=(−2)−2
f (3)=6 g(−2)=−4
f (3)+ g (−2)=6+(−4)
f (3)+ g (−2)=2

b. f ( x)= x+3 g(x )=x−2

f (4 )=4 +3 g (0)=0−2
f (4 )=7 g(0)=−2
f (4 )−g(0)=7−(−2)
f (4 )−g(0)=9

c. f ( x)= x+3 g( x )=x−2

f ( x)∙ g( x)=( x+ 3)(x −2)
2
f ( x)∙ g( x)=x + x−6

d. f ( x)= x+3 g(x )=x−2

f (9)=9+ 3 g (8)=8−2
f (9)=12 g(8)=6
f ( 9 ) 12
= =2
g (8 ) 6

JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?

Read and analyze the problem below.

Miguel is a senior high school student who commutes from home to school which is 15 km
apart. There are two modes of transportation, the first one is through jeep and the other one is
through tricycle. In riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00 for the first 4 km travel and ₱0.75 for
each additional kilometer. Meanwhile in riding a tricycle the fare would be ₱10.00 for the first
km travel and ₱1 for each additional kilometer.

Will you help Miguel analyze his situation?

Questions
1. If you are Miguel and decided to ride in a jeepney, how much will be your fare?
_____________________________________________________________
Hint: You may use the table below to compute the fare.

2. If you decided to ride in a tricycle how much will be your fare? ____________
Hint: You may use the strategy in no. 1

3. What characteristics does Miguel possess if he chose to ride a jeepney?

_______________________________________________________________

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 4. Is there any advantage in riding a jeepney instead of tricycle? Or riding a tricycle
instead of jeepney? What would it be?
___________________________________________________________________________

5. If you are Miguel which between the two modes of transportation, will you choose? Why?
____________________________________________________

Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we wake- up we start to decide
the proper action to undertake be it minor or major decisions. In the problem presented one
of the factors that Miguel can use in making decision about the dilemma he is facing is the
cost of the fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he will only pay ₱17.25
however if he will ride a tricycle, he needs to pay ₱24.00. So, it will be more economical if he
chose to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the fare is just one of the factors. There are
times that convenience is also considered in choosing the mode of transportation since it is
not crowded, and you can reach your destination faster. Therefore, in deciding the mode of
transportation the priority of the commuters whether to be more economical or to meet
convenience is considered.

In the previous problem we determine the cost of the fare by using a table wherein we
repeatedly add the fare charge per kilometer. Thus, this type of problem can be solved using
functions, and at this point let us determine how we are going to do that.

Example no. 1
LET’S TRAVEL

A proposed Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would charge ₱18.00 for the first
four stations and ₱5.00 for each additional station over the proposed fare.
a. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of stations traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15 stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20 stations

To solve problems that involve functions you can employ George Polya’s 4-step rule.

Solution
a. Explore. Since the first step involves analysis and proper labeling of the known and
unknown facts, we will let x = number of stations traveled. There are also some conditions
that was set in the problem such as the cost of fare which is set up to 4 stations only thus,
we can represent x – 4 = number of stations traveled over and above 4 stations

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 Plan. In writing an equation that will represent the relationship between the known and
unknown quantities, since we know that if we travelled up to 4 stations, we must pay P18, we
can represent it as

f ( x)=18 for 0< x ≤ 4

However, if we travelled more than 4 stations the cost of the fare has different method of
computation, so we need to consider it. Since the cost of every station after the 4th station is
₱5.00 we will now obtain

f ( x)=18+ 5( x – 4)

Now simplifying the equation will lead us to:

f ( x)=18+ 5 x – 20
f ( x)=5 x – 2

At this point we can say that the fare function is f (x)=5 x−2

b. Solve. To find the fare charge for 15 stations the fare function f (x)=5 x−2 will be used and
15 will be substituted to the function

f (15)=5(15) – 2
¿ 73

By evaluating the function we obtained f(15) = 73

Check. To check whether we arrived at the correct solution you can use table or graph.
Thus, the proposed fare for 15-station travel is ₱73.00

c. f (20)=5(20) – 2
¿ 98
The proposed fare for 20 – station travel is ₱98

Example no. 2
BINGE WATCH
Lucena Network charges ₱450.00 monthly cable connection fee plus ₱130.00 for each hour of
pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour.
a. Find payment function f(x) where x represents the number of PPV hours.
b. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV events?
c. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour of PPV events?

Solution:
a. ₱450.00 = fixed monthly cable connection fee
Let x = number of PPV hours in a month
₱130.00(x) = amount of PPV payment in a specific hour
The payment function is f (x)=450+130 ¿).

b. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours PPV events can be represented
by 24< x ≤ 25.
f ( x)=450+130 ¿).
f (25)=450+ 130(25)
¿ 450+ 3,250
¿ 3,750
The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV event is ₱3,750.00

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 c. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour PPV events can be represented by
0< x ≤1 and since the problem states that regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour
the additional charge will be made on hourly basis only, thus the value of x will be 1
f ( x)=Php 450.00+ Php 130.00( x ).
f (1)=Php 450.00+ Php130.00(1)
¿ Php 450.00+ Php130.00
¿ Php580.00
II. Learning Competency with Code

Solve problems involving functions. (M11GM-Ia-4)

III. Instructions
This is a self-learning material. Hence, answers key for all exercises herein are included.
However, you must answer the activities first before you check up on the answers key whether
you got your answers right or wrong. If you got it right, you may proceed answering the
assessment. However, if you got a mistake, you must revisit the areas where you got the mistake
and try to check and realize where and why you got it wrong. Do not write anything on the
Learning Activity Sheets. Use another sheet of paper for your solution to the exercises.
Meanwhile, use the attached ANSWER SHEET for your answers to the reflection and the
assessment.

IV. Exercises
Independent Practice 1

a. Find the profit function P(x) where x represents the number of cookies sold
Hint: Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
Total Revenue = Price per unit x quantity sold
Total Cost = Total variable cost + fixed cost

b. If 146 cookies were sold, how much is the total profit?

c. How many cookies must be made and sold to break even?

Hint: Breakeven point is the zero of P(x)

d. How many cookies should be sold to gain a profit of ₱250.00?

Independent Assessment 1

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V. Reflections

According to Alice Hoffman every problem has a solution. In finding the solution one
important aspect to consider is the “how” or the process of finding it. In solving problems
involving functions there are different process that we can employ to attain the solution.

In three to five sentences write the process that you follow in solving problems involving
functions.

VI. References for Learners

Queaño, Rey Mark R. 2020. General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Functions First Edition, 2020. Rizal: Department of Education.

Key to Corrections

Prepared by:

BENJIE P. POGOY
Name of Writer

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 Evaluated by:

NANCY C. ARPON PATRICIO L. NERI DENNIS P. DAGAMI

SHS Coordinator Head, Academic Department School Head/Principal II

ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the ANSWER
SHEET.

For numbers 1- 5 use the problem below:

Emmanuel decided to put up a candy shop that sells a dairy chocolate that cost ₱135.00 per
pack. The cost of making the chocolate is ₱90.00 and the operating expense is ₱4,500.00
1. Which of the following pertains to the profit function?
a. P(x) = 45x – 4,500 c. P(x) = 45x + 4,500
b. P(x) = 225x – 4,500 d. P(x) = 225x + 4,500

2. How many packs of dairy chocolate must be sold to break even?

a. 50 c. 150
b. 100 d. 200

3. Which value of x will make Emmanuel’s candy shop suffer loss for selling packs of chocolates?
a. x > 100 c. x < 100
b. x ≤ 100 d. x ≥ 100

4. How many chocolate bars must be sold if Emmanuel wanted to earn a profit of ₱6,750.00?
a. 100 c. 250
b. 150 d. 350

5. How much is the gain if Emmanuel sold 350 packs of chocolates?

a. ₱6,750.00 c. ₱11.250.00
b. ₱9,750.00 d. ₱15,250.00

For numbers 6- 10 use the problem below

Mariel wanted to avail a cellphone plan that offers a monthly fee of ₱2,500.00. It includes 240
minutes of call and charges ₱7.50 for each additional minute of usage.
6. Which of the following pertains to the monthly cost function?
a. C(x) = 2,500 -1800x c. C(x) = 700 + 7.50x
b. C(x) = 2,500 + 1800x d. C(x) = 700 – 7.50x

7. What value of x will not require any additional charge in her monthly bill?

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a. x > 240 c. x ≥ 240
b. x < 240 d. x ≤ 240

8. How many additional minutes of call did she make, if she paid ₱2,800.00 in her monthly bill?
a. 20 minutes c. 60 minutes
b. 40 minutes d. 80 minutes

9. How much is her monthly cost incurred if she made an additional usage of 20 minutes of call?
a. ₱2,500.00 c. ₱2,650.00
b. ₱2,600.00 d. ₱3,350.00

10. How much will she need to pay from using a total of 350 minutes of call in one month?
a. ₱950.00 c. ₱3,325.00
b. ₱2,610.00 d. ₱4,325.00

For numbers 11- 15 use the problem below

A local cable network charges ₱950.00 monthly connection fee plus ₱100.00 for each hour of
pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour.
11. Which of the following pertains to the payment function suggested in the problem?
a. f(x) = 100x + 950 c. f(x) = 950x + 100
b. f(x) = 100x – 950 d. f(x) = 950x – 100

12. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 20 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱2,950.00 c. ₱4,950.00
b. ₱3,950.00 d. ₱5,950.00

13. How much is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱950.00 c. ₱2,050.00
b. ₱1,050.00 d. ₱3,050.00

14. What will be the monthly bill of a customer who watched 12.3 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱1,250.00 c. ₱3,250.00
b. ₱2,250.00 d. ₱4,250.00

15. How many hours did a customer watched PPV events if the monthly payment is ₱1,450.00?
a. 2 hours c. 4 hours
b. 3 hours d. 5 hours

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 ANSWER SHEET
Q1-4

Name of Learner: _________________________________________________________________________

Grade Level & Section: _____________________ Contact: ____________________
Date Released: October 18, 2020 Date to be Returned: November 1, 2021

SCORE: ________________

Instructions
Use this sheet to write your answers on for the reflection and assessment only. For all self-
learning activities with answers key, use a scratch paper and you will be the one to check your
work. Meanwhile, for the reflection and assessment, it is the teacher who will check your work
since there is no answers key for that set of questions. It is the teacher’s basis to see how well
you understood the lesson.

A. Reflection
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B. Assessment
1. 5.
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