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    Codes & Conventions: TB, LESSON 2, PP. 40 - 44

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    Alfie Caspian
    Media messages use codes, conventions, and symbolic structures to convey meaning to audiences. Codes are systems of signs that together create significance. Photography relies on compositional elements like camera placement, subject focus, lighting, and depth of field to produce emotional emphasis. Standard camera shots like close-ups, long shots, and point-of-view shots employ different angles and distances to frame subjects. Camera movements such as pans, tilts, tracks, and zooms dynamically reveal information. Proper use of these techniques allows photographers to purposefully guide audience perception and response.

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    Codes & Conventions: TB, LESSON 2, PP. 40 - 44

    Uploaded by

    Alfie Caspian
    81 views41 pages
    Media messages use codes, conventions, and symbolic structures to convey meaning to audiences. Codes are systems of signs that together create significance. Photography relies on compositional elements like camera placement, subject focus, lighting, and depth of field to produce emotional emphasis. Standard camera shots like close-ups, long shots, and point-of-view shots employ different angles and distances to frame subjects. Camera movements such as pans, tilts, tracks, and zooms dynamically reveal information. Proper use of these techniques allows photographers to purposefully guide audience perception and response.

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    Media-Information-Literacy-Lesson-4

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    Media messages use codes, conventions, and symbolic structures to convey meaning to audiences. Codes are systems of signs that together create significance. Photography relies on compositional elements like camera placement, subject focus, lighting, and depth of field to produce emotional emphasis. Standard camera shots like close-ups, long shots, and point-of-view shots employ different angles and distances to frame subjects. Camera movements such as pans, tilts, tracks, and zooms dynamically reveal information. Proper use of these techniques allows photographers to purposefully guide audience perception and response.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views41 pages

    Codes & Conventions: TB, LESSON 2, PP. 40 - 44

    Uploaded by

    Alfie Caspian
    Media messages use codes, conventions, and symbolic structures to convey meaning to audiences. Codes are systems of signs that together create significance. Photography relies on compositional elements like camera placement, subject focus, lighting, and depth of field to produce emotional emphasis. Standard camera shots like close-ups, long shots, and point-of-view shots employ different angles and distances to frame subjects. Camera movements such as pans, tilts, tracks, and zooms dynamically reveal information. Proper use of these techniques allows photographers to purposefully guide audience perception and response.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 41

    Codes & Conventions

    TB, LESSON 2, PP. 40 - 44


    “A picture is worth a thousand words”.
    ▪The form and content work closely to produce the meanings in a photograph.
    Media and information languages
    ▪are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative
    structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an
    audience
    ▪Codes - are systems of signs that when put together create
    meaning
    ▪ Theory of Semiotics - study of signs; According to Hall (1997)
    media is always engaged in “signifying practices”, meaning there
    is a kind of symbolic work that can be found in media texts.
    Conventions
    ▪ Refer to a standard or norm that act as a rule governing behavior
    ▪ Are generally established and accepted ways of doing something
    Media Conventions:
    ▪ Form Convention - the certain ways we expect types of media’s codes
    to be arranged. For instance, an audience expects to have a title of
    the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end.
    ▪ Story Convention - common narrative structures and understandings
    that are common in story- telling media products.
    Photography and Timeless Image Concepts

    ▪Photography, as originally defined, is the process


    of recording images through a chemical
    interaction caused by light rays hitting a
    sensitized surface referring to a celluloid film
    known before as the negative.
    Dark room :
    Old photos:
    Photography and Timeless Image
    Concepts
    ▪The only glaring difference with photography equipment now
    and then is the elimination of the chemical laboratory in the
    overall photographic process.
    ▪Yet the basics of shooting photographs and analyzing them still
    remain true then as they are true today. Composition still plays
    the main part in analyzing a single frame or shot as it involves
    how the elements within the frame are arranged and placed.
    In composing the shots, the ff. questions need to
    be determined:

    ▪ Where is the camera located? Is it near


    or far from the subject?
    ▪Where is the camera placed? Is it higher
    or lower than the subject?
    ▪ What is the main focus of the shot? What
    are the secondary elements of the shot?
    Photography and Timeless Image Concepts
    ▪In each composition concern, there usually is an Emotional Focus going on.
    ▪The use of color is also a big factor in determining the emotional focus of the
    shot. Various color combinations evoke meanings and emotions for humans.
    The same is true with the absence of colors or the use of black and white
    imagery in presenting a photograph.
    ▪Lighting and focus (shadows and highlights, shallow and deep depth of field,
    shallow focus called bokeh style)
    ▪ Pleasure and displeasure could be achieved in a photograph by playing with
    the balance or imbalance of elements.
    Bokeh style-aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an
    image produced by a lens.
    Camera Shots

    Extreme Long Shot


    Long shot
    Medium Long Shot
    Full Shot
    Medium close shot
    Close up Shot
    Extreme Close shot
    EXTREME LONG SHOT
    Also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the
    horizon
    Long shot
    a view of a situation or setting from a distance
    Medium Long Shot
    shows a group of people in interaction with each other, example: fight scene with part of their
    surroundings in the picture.
    Full Shot
    a view of a figure’s entire body in order to show action and/or a constellation group of characters
    Medium close shot
    shows a subject down to his/her chest/waist
    Close up Shot
    a full-screen shot of a subject’s face showing the finest nuances of expression
    Extreme Close shot
    a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in detail
    Point of view
    Establishing Shot
    Point-of-View Shot /POV Shot
    Over-the-Shoulder Shot
    Reaction Shot
    Insert Shot
    Reverse-Angle Shot
    Hand-Held Camera shot
    Establishing shot
    often used at the beginning of a scene to indicate the location or setting, it is usually a long shot
    taken from a neutral position.
    Point-of-view shot
    Shows a scene from the perspective of a character or one person. Most newsreel footages are
    shown from the perspective of the newscaster.
    Over-the-shoulder shot
    Often used in dialogue scenes, a frontal view of a dialogue partner from the perspective of
    someone standing behind and slightly to the side of the other partner, so that parts of both can
    be seen
    Reaction shot
    Short shot of a character’s response to an action
    Insert shot
    A detail shot which quickly gives a visual information necessary to understand the meaning of a
    scene
    Reverse-angle shot
    a shot from the opposite perspective
    Hand-held camera shots
    The camera is not mounted on a tripod and instead is held by the cameraperson, resulting in less
    stable shots
    Camera Angles

    Aerial Shot
    High-Angle Shot
    Low-Angle Shot
    Eye-Level Shot
    Aerial Shot
    Overhead Shot - Also called Bird’s Eye Shot
    Long or extreme long shot of the ground from the air.
    High angle shot
    Shows people or objects from above higher than eye level
    Low-angle shot
    Below Shot
    Shows people or objects from below, lower than eye level
    Eye-level shot
    Straight-onAngle

    Views a subject from the level of a person’s eye


    Camera movement
    Pan Shot
    Tilt Shot
    Tracking Shot
    Zoom
    Pan (ning) shot
    The camera pans (moves horizontally) from left to right or vice versa across the picture
    Tilt shot
    The camera tilts up (moves upwards) or tilts down (moves downwards) around a vertical line
    Tracking shot
    The camera follows along next to or behind a moving object or person
    zoom
    The stationary camera approaches a subject by “zooming in”or moves farther away by “zooming
    out”.
    Project - By pair

    1. You may use your camera phone or bring another camera (If
    in school, pls. secure a permit before using it.)
    2. Take photos of different subjects at different angles, from Feb.
    18 – 24.
    3. Choose the best 10 shots. Compile it in an album or a scrap
    book. (size of photos – 5x 7 ; size of album – half bond paper or
    whole bond paper)
    4. Label the shots.
    5. Submit on Feb. 28.
    Study this lesson for a Quiz (20 pts.) next mtg.

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