Media and Information

Literacy
Learning Activity Sheets

Quarter 2: Week 6 to 8

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 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (Grade 12)
FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 6

Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________

Section: ___________________________________________Date:_____________

Learning Activity Sheet

MEDIA LANGUAGE: THE GRAMMAR OF FILM

Background Information:

Every medium has its own ‘language’ – or combination of languages – that it uses to
communicate meaning. Television, for example, uses verbal and written language
as well as the languages of moving images and sound. We call these ‘languages’
because they use familiar codes and conventions that are generally understood.
Particular kinds of music or camera angles may be used to signal particular
emotions, for example; a page of a newspaper or a sequence of shots in a film will
be put together using a certain kind of ‘grammar’. By analysing these languages,
we can come to a better understanding of how media make meaning.

 Media codes generally have an agreed meaning, or connotation, to their

audience. There are three types of media codes. Symbolic codes, technical
codes and written codes.

1. Symbolic codes are social in nature. What this means is that these codes live
outside the media product themselves, but would be understood in similar ways
in the ‘real life’ of the audience. For instance, if you saw somebody receive a red
rose in a film, you would assume there is a romantic relationship between the two
characters. If you gave somebody a red rose in real life, you might be hoping the
same. Symbolic codes in media include setting, mise en scene, acting and
colour.

a. Setting is the time and place of the narrative. When discussing setting, you
can describe the setting of the whole story or just a specific scene. A setting
can be as big as the outback or space, or as small as a specific room. Setting
can even be a created atmosphere or frame of mind.

Example: In the documentary movie “The

Diary Of Anne Frank 2009 Edition”, the setting
revolves in a secret annex where Anne Frank
with her family and four other people hide to
avoid the Nazi persecution during the second
world war.
b. Mise en scene is a French term that means
‘everything within the frame’. In media terms it

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 has become to mean the description of all the objects within a frame of the
media product and how they have been arranged. An analysis of mise en
scene includes set design, costume, props, staging and compositions.

Example: The movie “Greatest Showman” is

composed of accurate yet beautiful
costumes, with a rich set design and
evocative songs. Each detail builds into the
historical context while creating an enticing
film. The mise-en-scene makes this film
appealing to youth who otherwise would not
watch old Technicolor musicals.

c. Actors portray characters in media products and contribute to character

development, creating tension or advancing the narrative. The actor portrays
a character through facial expression, body language, vocal qualities,
movement and body contacts.

Example: In “The Matrix” movie, the name of

the main character represents his role. The
word 'Neo' is an anagram of the word word
'One'. It is also Greek for 'new,' suggesting
messianic overtones for his mission in the
Matrix. The name "Thomas Anderson" is likely a
reference to the gnostic Gospel of Thomas
and the Greek word for "man", is andros in
the genitive case. "Thomas" also means "twin," referring to the dual identity of
Neo/Thomas Anderson. From "andros-son" we are given the term Son of Man,
a direct reference to Jesus Christ. Thomas may also be a reference to
Doubting Thomas, the name of an apostle who doubted the resurrection of
Jesus Christ at first.

d. Colour has highly cultural and strong connotations. When studying the use of
colour in a media product the different aspects to be looking at are
dominant colour, contrasting and colour symbolism.

Example: Captain America is one of the most

patriotic superheroes ever created. The color of
his costume represents the American Flag. This
symbolism is used to inspire the U.S and
allied forces.

2. Technical codes are codes that are specific to a media form and do not live
outside of them. For instance, our understanding of different camera shots and
their connotations make sense when we look and films and photographs, but
mean nothing to us outside of those forms. Technical codes in media include
Camerawork, Editing, Audio and Lighting.
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 a. Camerawork refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved
for specific effects. Aspects of camerawork include positioning, movements,
framing, exposure and lens choice.

CAMERA SHOTS

 Extreme Long Shot (aka Extreme Wide Shot) Used to

show the subject from a distance, or the area in which
the scene is taking place. This type of shot is particularly
useful for establishing a in terms of time and place, as
well as a character’s physical or emotional relationship
to the environment and elements within it. The
character doesn’t necessarily have to be viewable in
this shot.

 Long Shot (aka Wide Shot) Shows the subject

from top to bottom; for a person, this would be head to
toes, though not necessarily filling the frame. The
character becomes more of a focus than an Extreme
Long Shot, but the shot tends to still be dominated by
the scenery. This shot often sets the scene and our
character’s place in it.

 Medium Shot Shows part of the subject in more detail. For

a person, a medium shot typically frames them from
about waist up. This is one of the most common shots seen
in films, as it focuses on a character (or characters) in a
scene while still showing some environment.

 Medium Close-Up Falls between a Medium Shot

and a Close-Up, generally framing the subject from chest
or shoulder up.

 Close-Up Fills the screen with part of the subject, such as a

person’s head/face. Framed this tightly, the emotions and
reaction of a character dominate the scene.

 Extreme Close Up Emphasizes a small area or

detail of the subject, such as the eye(s) or mouth. An
Extreme Close Up of just the eyes is sometimes called an
Italian Shot, getting its name from Sergio Leone’s Italian-
Western films that popularized it.

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 CAMERA SHOTS

 Eye Level Shot taken with the camera approximately

at human eye level, resulting in a neutral effect on the
audience.

 High Angle Subject is photographed from

above eye level. This can have the effect of
making the subject seem vulnerable, weak, or
frightened.

 Low Angle Subject is photographed from below eye

level. This can have the effect of making the subject
look powerful, heroic, or dangerous.

 Dutch Angle/Tilt Shot in which the camera is

set at an angle on its roll axis so that the horizon line is
not level. It is often used to show a disoriented or
uneasy psychological state.

 Bird’s-Eye View (aka Top Shot) A high-angle shot that’s

taken from directly overhead and from a distance. The
shot gives the audience a wider view and is useful for
showing direction and that the subject is moving, to
highlight special relations, or reveal to the audience
elements outside the boundaries of the character’s
awareness.

b. Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight

specific elements of the scene. Elements of lighting include quality, direction,
source and colour.

LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
 Key lighting is the main—and strongest—light source in a scene or on the
actor.
 Fill lighting adds dimension and softens harsh shadows created by the key
light.

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  Backlighting is placed behind the actor to help define their features and
distinguish them from the background.
 Side lighting lights the actor from the side and focuses on the contours of their
face for a high-contrast dramatic effect.
 Practical lighting is a light source that is visible within the scene like lamps, light
fixtures, candles, and television sets. They’re not usually strong enough to light
a subject, but they add to the cinematic ambiance of the scene.
 Hard lighting is a lighting aesthetic with harsh shadows that draws attention to
a specific actor or part of a scene.
 Soft lighting is a lighting aesthetic with little to no harsh shadows that’s bright
yet balanced.
 High-key lighting is a lighting aesthetic with no shadows and intense
brightness, bordering on overexposure. You’ll commonly see high-key lighting
in a television sitcom, a music video, or a commercial.
 Low-key lighting is a lighting aesthetic with a lot of shadows to create a sense
of mystery or suspense.
 Natural lighting uses and modifies the available light at the location of the
shoot.
 Motivated lighting is a controlled lighting technique meant to imitate natural
light sources in the scene like the sun or the moon.
 Bounce lighting is a technique where light is bounced from a strong source
toward the actor with a reflector, which soften and spread the light.

c. Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. Audio can be diegetic or

non diegetic. The three aspects of audio are dialogue, sound effects, music.

SOUND ELEMENTS OF A FILM

 Dialogue- the foremost of the three “ingredients” of a soundtrack. It brings
forth the story by showing the communication and interaction of two or more
characters in the film.
 Sound Effects- are used to provide an additional layer of realism to the scene.
 Background Music-provides the emotional aspect of the sound design. It’s
common to hear soft, introspective music in scenes where the character is
experiencing emotional turmoil or is going through a conflict.

d. Editing is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging images and

sound. Editing is generally done for four different reasons graphic edits, rhythm
edits, special edits and temporal edits.

3. Written codes are the formal written language used in a media product. Just like
technical and symbolic codes, written codes can be used to advance a
narrative, communicate information about a character or issues and themes in
the media product. Written codes include printed language which is text you
can see within the frame and how it is presented, and also spoken language,
which includes dialogue and song lyrics.

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 Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes. Conventions are closely
connected to the audience expectations of a media product. Different types of
conventions include form conventions, story conventions and genre conventions.

1. Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of media’s codes to be
arranged. For instance an audience expects to have a title of the film at the
beginning, and then credits at the end. Newspapers will have a masthead, the
most important news on the front page and sports news on the back page.
Video games usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the
game works.

2. Story conventions are common narrative structures and understandings that are
common in story telling media products. Examples of story conventions include:
• Narrative structures • Character construction
• Cause and effect • Point of view

3. Genre conventions point to the common use of tropes, characters, settings or

themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with
audience expectations. Genre conventions can be formal or thematic.

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

 Present an issue in varied ways to disseminate information using the codes,
convention, and language of media. MIL11/12IMIL-IIIe-7

General Instruction: Do not write anything on this paper. Please write your answers
on a different sheet of paper.

Exercise 1
Instruction: Read each statement carefully. Identify the technical codes described
then write your answer on the space provided.
1. Camera angle used to show disorientation.
2. Camera angle used to show vurnerability.
3. Camera angle used to show power.
4. Camera angle used to give neutral effect to the audiences.
5. Camera shot which focuses on a small area of the subject.
6. Camera shot which does not focuses on the subject.
7. Camera shot which dominates the emotion and reaction of the
subject in a certain scene.
8. Lighting technique used in television sitcom, a music video, or a
commercial.
9. Lighting technique used to create a sense of mystery or
suspense.
10. Lighting technique used add to the cinematic ambiance of the
scene.

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Exercise 1.1

Instruction: Determine the type of code used in the following media languages.
Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Newspaper Headlines 7. Subtitle

2. Captain Americas’ 8. Characters’
Costume Interaction
3. Explosion Sound Effect 9. Thomas A. Anderson
4. White Dove “Neo”
5. Drama OST 10. Red Rose
6. Aftercredits

Exercise 2
Instruction: You will be given a scenario. Based on that scenario, you will predict on
how the event will be covered by the different media presented below.

Scenario: A local government official was charged of graft and corruption and was
suspended from his office. The government official announced that the charges
were all fabricated and that he will not step down from his office. A large group of
supporters are present to protest. They barricaded the building where the official has
once taken office. A struggle seems to start breaking out between the protesters
and the police.

Medium Answer

Television

Radio

Newspaper

Internet

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Exercise 3:
Instruction: Watch a trailer of any film that you have not seen before. Describe the
trailer in terms of the following media languages:

Codes Answer
1. Symbolic Code(5pts)
 Setting
 Mise en Scene
 Actor
 Color
2. Technical code(5pts)
 Camera Angles
 Camera Shots
 Lighting
 Audio

3. Written Codes (5pts)

Convention Answer
1. Form Convention
(5pts)

2. Story Convention
(5pts)

3. Genre Covention
(5pts)

Exercise 4:
Instruction: Create a photographic piece depicting any social issue faced by our
country. Remember to use the codes and conventions for the development of your
output. Rubrics are provided for you to be guided on what to do. Paste your output
on the box provided.

Sample photographic piece:

Poverty Human Trafficking

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Criteria for Exercise 4:

5pts 4pts 3pts 2pts.

The use of The use of
The use of codes The use of
codes and codes and
and symbols to codes and
symbols to symbols to
present the symbols to
Attractiveness present the present the
message are present the
message are message are
exceptionally message are
satisfactorily acceptability
attractive. poorly selected.
attractive. attractive.
Original and a
Original and but
little
Original and not imaginative. Not original nor
Creativity imaginative.
imaginative. Imaginative but imaginative.
Imaginative but
not original.
a little original.
The language
Language used Poor selection of
are adequately Language do
makes the language to
used to present not tie in with
message come present the
Validity of the message. the message.
alive. The message. The
The information The information
Information information information
presented are presented are
presented are presented are
adequately not accurate
accurate and poorly accurate
accurate and and valid.
valid. and valid.
valid.
The The
The presentation The presentation
presentation presentation
is cohesive and lacks meaning
has deep lacks meaning;
Meaningfulness comprehensive with no
meaning but no supporting
with supporting supporting
little supporting details; with
details. details.
details. unfinished parts

Source: Teaching Guide for Senior High School Media and Information Literacy pp.
59

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Reflection: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper.

How is understanding of the media language/s help you as a media consumer?

Prepared:

JAYMIE C. PANGILINAN
SST – I
Answers:
Exercise 1: Exercise 1.1:
1. Dutch/Tilt 1. Written
2. High 2. Symbolic
3. Low 3. Technical
4. Eye Level 4. Symbolic
5. Extreme Close Up 5. Technical Exercises 2, 3 & 4: Answers
6. Extreme Long/Wide 6. Written may vary
7. Close Up 7. Written
8. High Key 8. Technical
9. Low Key 9. Symbolic
10. Practical 10. Symbolic

References for the Learners:

Pitagan Ferdinand B., Ph.D et.al. 2020. “Teaching Guide for Senior High School Media and Information
Literacy” Philippines Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education, 2016, pp. 44-51

EmeliaShoots. 2019. “The Greatest Showman Analysis” Retrieved from:

https://medium.com/@EmilieShoots/blog-analysisthe-greatest-showman-de3b37d1b0e4

Young, Robert. 2017. “Media Codes and Conventions” Retrieved from: https://media.codes/media-
codes-and-conventions-c03423c06aa8

Logan, Shanon. 2016. “References of the word “Matrix”” Retrieved from:

https://slideplayer.com/slide/10625098/

Cepero, Esteban. “The Interesting Concepts Behind the Significance of Captain America's Costume”
Retrieved from: https://www.wondercostumes.com/blog/
concepts-behind-significance-of-captain-america-costume.html

Dise, Justine. 2016. “Film Making 101: Camera Shot Types” Retrieved from:
https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/video/tips-and-solutions/filmmaking-101-camera-shot-types

MasterClass. 2019. “Film 101: Understanding Film Lighting” Retrieved from:

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/film-101-understanding-film-lighting#why-lighting-is-important

Filmmakercebu. 2016. “Sound Elements of a Film Soundtrack” Retrieved from:

http://www.filmmediaarts.com/blog/sound-elements-film-soundtrack

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Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________________
Section: ____________________________________________Date:________________________

Week 7: Intellectual Property, Copyright, and Fair Use Guidelines

Background Information:

Something to think about:

What problem(s) do you think is/are presented in the illustration?

Do you agree with the kid in the illustration? Why?

Retrieved from website "edforum.adventist.org" Oct. 31, 2011

Lecture:

With the spread of digital media, it is very inevitable for media and
information consumers to get their information from different sources, especially from
the internet. People can get tons of information with just a single click; however, this
does not mean that we can carelessly copy everything from the internet. Media and
information consumers must practice extra caution in obtaining and using
information from different sources.

A copyright is a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic,

musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright
owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to
receive payment for that reproduction. Copyright does not protect facts, ideas,
inventions, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way
these things are expressed. An author may grant or sell those rights to others,
including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called
infringement.

Copyright vs. Patent vs. Trademark

 Copyright protects original works of authorship.
 Patent protects inventions or discoveries.

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  Trademark protects words, phrases, symbols, or designs classifying
the source of the goods or services of one party and distinguishing
them from those of others.
Do I have to register with your office to be protected?
No. Over-all, registration is voluntary. Copyright protects your authorship
from the moment the work is created. However, if you want to file a copyright
infringement case, you have to register your work.

On the other hand, plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely

imitating the language and thoughts of another author without permission; the
representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the
original author. In other words, plagiarism involves putting one's own name on
someone else's work; this is commonly seen in schools when a person submits a
paper that someone else has written. To avoid this, one must exercise crediting
the original works and authors.

FAIR USE

The fair use of a copyrighted work

allows an individual to use it without the
permission of the copyright owner done for a
limited and transformative purpose such as
criticizing, giving comments, making a
parody, reporting news, and teaching.

Image retrieved from www.ipophil.gov.ph, n.d

While fair use is a case-to-case basis, there are four factors that we can use to
determine fair use:

 the purpose and character of your use – commercial vs. non-profit

/educational purposes
 the nature of the copyrighted work – is the work published or unpublished?
 the amount and substantiality of the portion taken – is it short? Is it the “heart”
of the work?
 the effect of the use upon the potential market – does it affect the market of
the original work?

You can also use someone else’s work if it is already in the public domain. This
means that the work is already owned by the public and is available for
everyone’s use.

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 There are four common ways that works arrive in the public domain:
 the copyright has expired
 the copyright owner failed to follow copyright renewal rules
 the copyright owner deliberately places it in the public domain, known as
“dedication,” or
 copyright law does not protect this type of work.

PHILIPPINE LAWS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

 R.A. 8293
An Act prescribing the Intellectual Property Code and establishing the
Intellectual Property Office, providing for its powers and functions, and for other
purposes

 R.A. 165
An Act creating a patent office, prescribing its powers and duties, regulating the
issuance of patents, and appropriating funds therefore

 R.A. 166
An Act to provide for the registration and protection of trade-marks, trade-
names, and service marks, defining unfair competition and false marking and
providing remedies against the same, and for other purposes

 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 49

Decree on the protection of intellectual property

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

 Cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in intellectual property,
copyright, and fair use guidelines MIL11/12IMIL-IIIf-8.
 General Instruction: Do not write anything on this paper. Please write your
answers on a different sheet of paper.

Exercise 1. Part 1. Instruction: Read each statement carefully. Identify what is being
described then write your answer on the space provided.

1. Thrice asks Lady GoGO if they can use her song in a

television commercial and she agrees. Thrice will pay Lady
GoGO. This is called:
2. Andrei used the picture on the internet for his painting
contest, owning the work and without giving due credits. This
is:
3. Psyche's grandmother wrote a very famous novel many
years ago and she owned the copyrights. She recently
discovered that the copyrights expired and people can use
the novel as they wish. This is called:

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 4. You invented a time machine. To protect your right as the
inventor, you must file a:
5. When a musician take a well-known song and changes the
lyrics to make it funny, it is called:
6. The Golden Arch of McDonald’s is an example of:
7. Checking the amount of work and its nature before using it is
an example of:
8. Sheila is using the logo of Luis Vitown in her bags that she
sells. She uses this without any permission from the owner. She
is committing:
9. This protects your authorship of your works.
10. Who is allowed to make copies or give permission to make
copies of their work?

Part II: Instruction: Read each situational questions carefully. Write BAMBAM if the
statement is true and write OMG if the statement is false in the space provided.

_____1. A history teacher taped the original AMG news report showing Gloria Pagal
Araya leaving the Palace after she resigned. She made it at home on her personal
VCR and used her own tape. She uses the entire news program every year in her
classroom. This is fair use.
_____2. A teacher rents Heneral Luna film copy to show the war scene to her class
while studying Philippine History. This is fair use.
_____3. You produced a theatrical play using the story of Cinderella. This is fair use.
_____4. Teacher Manaloto creates his own grading program for use with his students.
He transfers to another school and forgets to delete the program from the network.
Everyone at his old school copies and use the program. He sues the school and wins.
He is likely to receive a significant monetary reward.
_____5. A professor at a prominent University of Angeles campus copies an
expensive software program for every student in his class. This state university is taken
to court by the copyright holder. The university loses.
_____6. If you use the Purple heart of BiTiS Kpop group in your Facebook status, you
would be charged with copyright infringement.
_____7. You use the title of BiTiS song in your own song. This is fair use.
_____8. You posted the poster of Taylor Swift in your coffee shop. This is fair use.
_____9. You intend to use BlackPunk Kpop group pictures in your merchandise
because you know fans would buy them. This is fair use.
_____10. Giving credit to the source protects you from copyright infringement.

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Exercise 2

Instruction: Fill in the blank pamphlet template below by pasting cut-outs of

examples of Copyrighted, patented, and trademarked materials from magazines
and other prints. You may also paste printed pictures of actual materials if
necessary. Give five examples.

COPYRIGHT PATENT TRADEMARK

Exercise 3:

Case: Plagiarism
1. Read the following articles on a case of plagiarism: “UP student plagiarizes prize-
winning photos” At http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/39566-up-student-admits-
plagiarized-photos and “UP grad in photo plagiarism gets redemption” or at
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/12/03/1528420/grad-photo-plagiarism-
gets-redemption

2. After reading, answer the following questions through an essay:

a. First article: “UP student plagiarizes prize-winning photos”

• In what competition did Solis send in his plagiarized work?
• What sanctions did he receive from the organizing committee? Describe his
actions.
• Do you think technology and the internet have made plagiarism easier? Do you
think technology has made people more or less creative? Explain your answer by
citing examples.

b. Second article: “UP grad in photo plagiarism gets redemption”

• According to the article, how did Solis redeem himself? What job did he have?
• What project did he help?
• What is there to learn about the life of Solis?

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 5pts. 4pts. 3pts. 2pts.
Title is creative, Title is related to
sparks interest the topic but
Title Title is present. No title present.
and is related to needs to be more
the topic. creative.
There is one clear, Main idea is The main idea is
well focused Main idea is clear somewhat clear not clear. There is
topic. Main idea but the supporting but there is a a seemingly
Content stands out and is
information is need for more random
supported by
detailed general. supporting collection of
information. information. information.
Writer makes 3-4 Writer makes
Writer makes no Writer makes 1-2
Grammar errors in more than 4 errors
errors in grammar, errors in grammar,
and grammar, in grammar,
punctuation, or punctuation, or
spelling punctuation, or punctuation, or
spelling. spelling.
spelling. spelling.
Details and Details and Some details and Many details are
transition words transition words transition words not in a logical or
and phrases are and phrases are and phrases are expected order.
placed in a placed in a not in a logical or There is little sense
logical order and logical order, but expected order, that the writing is
Sequence
the way they are the way in which and this distracts organized. The
presented they are the reader. transitions
effectively keeps presented makes between ideas
the interest of the the writing less are unclear or
reader. interesting. nonexistent.
Source: http://wp.lps.org/jlane/files/2013/08/Descriptive-Essay-Rubric.pdf

Reflection. Answer the following question in a separate sheet of paper.

What is the importance of knowing intellectual property, copyrights, and fair use
guidelines as an MIL individual and as a student? Please cite situations in your daily
life where you can use your knowledge in these topics.
5pts. 4pts. 3pts. 2pts.
Title is creative, Title is related to
sparks interest and the topic but
Title is present. No title present.
Title is related to the needs to be more
topic. creative.

There is one clear, Main idea is

well focused topic. The main idea is
Main idea is clear somewhat clear
Main idea stands not clear. There is
but the supporting but there is a
Content out and is a seemingly
information is need for more
supported by random collection
detailed general. supporting
of information.
information. information.
Writer makes 3-4 Writer makes more
Writer makes no Writer makes 1-2
Grammar errors in than 4 errors in
errors in grammar, errors in grammar,
and grammar, grammar,
punctuation, or punctuation, or
spelling punctuation, or punctuation, or
spelling. spelling.
spelling. spelling.
Details and Details and Some details and Many details are
transition words transition words transition words not in a logical or
and phrases are and phrases are and phrases are expected order.
placed in a logical placed in a logical not in a logical or There is little sense
order and the way order, but the way expected order, that the writing is
Sequence
they are in which they are and this distracts organized. The
presented presented makes the reader. transitions
effectively keeps the writing less between ideas
the interest of the interesting. are unclear or
reader. nonexistent.

17
Source: http://wp.lps.org/jlane/files/2013/08/Descriptive-Essay-Rubric.pdf

Prepared:

EROS V. CALMA
SST – II

Answer Keys:

Exercise 1:

Author/Creator 10. OMG 10.

Copyright 9. OMG 9.
BAMBAM 8.
Copyright Infringement 8.
BAMBAM 7.
Fair Use 7.
OMG 6.
Trademark 6. BAMBAM 5.
Parody 5. BAMBAM 4.
Patent 4. BAMBAM 3.
Public Domain 3. BAMBAM 2.
Plagiarism 2. OMG 1.
Registered Copyright 1. Part II
Part I

Exercises 2, 3, and 4 – answers may vary

References for the Learners:

Copyright in General. (n.d.). Copyright.Gov. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from

https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-general.html
from https://www.copyrightlaws.com/what-is-the-public-domain/

How Fair is Fair Use. (2019, July 2). GOVPH.retrieved August 25, 2020 from
https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/news/how-fair-is-fair-use/

Republic Act No. 8293. (1997, June 6). Philippine Official Gazette.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/06/06/republic-act-no-8293/

What is Fair Use. (n.d.). Stanford University Library. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from
https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/

What is Public Domain. (2020, July 14). Copyrightlaws.Com. Retrieved August 25,
2020

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Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________________
Section: ___________________________________________ Date:________________________

Week 8: Digital Divide, Computer Addiction and Cyberbullying

Background Information:
Taking part in the information society is essential for citizens of all age groups. The
Internet provides great opportunities to improve life for all users. It has positive
effects on education, the working world and economic growth. With easy
digitalization and storage of information, and accessibility through a wide range of
devices, the Internet has enormously increased the information resources available
to people. However, this positive development is accompanied by challenges.
Among of which include digital divide, computer addiction and cyber bullying.

 Digital divide - an economic inequality between

groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of
information and communication technology (ICT).
The divide within countries can refer to inequalities
between individuals, households, businesses, and
geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and
other demographic) levels. The Global digital divide
designates countries as the units of analysis, and
examines the divide between developing and
developed countries on an international scale.

FACTORS AFFECTING DIGITAL DIVIDE

 Lack of access due to affordability.
 Lack of knowledge on how to use the technology.
 Lack of knowledge of the benefits of the technology.
 Differences in the societies.
 Different initial settings of countries.

BRIDGING DIGITAL DIVIDE

 Reducing the cost in connecting internet in houses.
 The government should make a law that internet is accessible to all
public places.
 NGO and LGU's perpetrate a forum about the benefits and how to use
new technology in rural places.
 Government should provide some computer to schools and it should be
open to all students for their needs.

 Computer addiction - the excessive use of

computers to the extent that it interferes with
daily life. This excessive use may for example
interfere with work or sleep, result in problems
with social interaction, or affect mood,
relationships, and thought processes.

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 TYPES OF COMPUTER ADDICTION
 Information overload-Too much online surfing leads to decreased productivity
at work and fewer interactions with family members.
 Compulsions- Excessive time spent in online activities such as gaming, trading
of stocks, gambling and even auctions often leads to overspending and
problems at work.
 Cybersex addiction- Too much surfing of porn sites often affects real-life
relationships.
 Cyber-relationship addiction- Excessive use of social networking sites to create
relationships rather than spending time with family or friends may destroy real-
life relationships.

SYMPTOMS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION

 Emotional symptoms include feelings of guilt, anxiety, depression, dishonesty,
euphoric feelings when in front of the computer, unable to keep schedules,
no sense of time, isolation, defensiveness, avoiding doing work and agitation.
 Physical symptoms include backache, headaches, poor nutrition, and
disturbances in sleep, carpal tunnel syndrome and blurred or strained vision.

COMPUTER ADDICTION PREVENTION

 Set a limited time for computer and smartphone application.
 Make copies of the information you need.
 Immerse yourself with outside activity like sports, hiking and adventure.
 Hang out with friends and plan some family night out.
 Denigrate your technology usage; use only your smartphones and computer
when you need it.
 Set aside your smartphones, Laptop and computers for a while.

 Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online,

or using electronic technology such as cell
phones, computers, and tablets over
communication tools including social media
sites, text messages, chat, and websites.

TYPES OF CYBER BUYING

 Harassment - is the act of sending offensive,
rude, and insulting messages and being abusive. Nasty or humiliating
comments on posts, photos and in chat rooms. Being explicitly offensive on
gaming sites.
 Flaming –is when someone is purposely using really extreme and offensive
language and getting into online arguments and fights. They do this to cause
reactions and enjoy the fact it causes someone to get distressed.
 Denigration – is when someone may send information about another person
that is fake, damaging and untrue. Sharing photos of someone for the
purpose to ridicule, spreading fake rumors and gossip. This can be on any site
online or on apps. We even hear about people altering photos of others and
posting in online for the purpose of bullying.
 Impersonation –is when someone will hack into someone’s email or social
networking account and use the person's online identity to send or post
vicious or embarrassing material to/about others. The making up of fake

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 profiles on social network sites, apps and online are common place and it
can be really difficult to get them closed down.
 Outing and Trickery –is when someone may share personal information about
another or trick someone into revealing secrets and forward it to others. They
may also do this with private images and videos too.
 Cyber Stalking – is the act of repeatedly sending messages that include
threats of harm, harassment, intimidating messages, or engaging in other
online activities that make a person afraid for his or her safety. The actions
may be illegal too depending on what they are doing.
 Exclusion – is when others intentionally leave someone out of a group such as
group messages, online apps, gaming sites and other online engagement.
This is also a form of social bullying and a very common.

EFFECTS OF CYBER BULLYING

 Mentally — feeling upset, embarrassed, stupid and even angry.
 Emotionally — feeling ashamed or losing interest in the things you love.
 Physically — tired (loss of sleep), or experiencing symptoms like stomach
aches and headaches.

CYBER BULLYING PREVENTION

 Talked to a trusted person or an elder about your case
 Save some evidence that you were being cyber bullied
 Think before you post
 Set privacy controls in your account/s
 Log out your account on public computer like internet café
 Be a friend not a by stander
 Don’t requite.

With the possible risks that we can encounter online, the senate and the house of
representatives of the Philippines assembled the “Cybercrime Prevention Act of
2012” also known as RA 10175. It is a law which aims to address legal issues
concerning internet usage and online interactions in the Philippines. Among the
crimes punishable under RA 10175 are libel, cybersex, child pornography, and
offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and
systems like illegal access, illegal interception, data interference, system
interference, misuse of devices, cyber-squatting, computer related fraud, computer-
related Identity theft, and unsolicited commercial communications. A person found
guilty of violation of RA 10175 may be imprisoned from six years and one day to 12
years or imposed a fine ranging from PHP200, 000 to PHP500, 000 or both.

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

 Create a campaign add to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying.
MIL11/12IMIL-IIIg-9

General Instruction: Do not write anything on this paper. Please write your answers
on a different sheet of paper.

Exercise 1. Read each statement below carefully. Draw on the line if you think a
statement it TRUE. Draw on the line if you think the statement is FALSE.

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 1. The internet can be compared to a coin which has 2 sides;
positive and negative.
2. Free public WIFI is one of the solutions to combat digital
divide.
3. Difference in the socioeconomic level brought digital divide.
4. Poor nutrition and sleep disturbance are emotional symptoms
of computer addiction.
5. Too much surfing online can increase productivity and family
interaction.
6. Excessive use of social networking sites builds stronger real life
relationships.
7. Immersing oneself on outside activities can prevent computer
addiction.
8. Feeling upset, embarrassed, stupid and even angry are the
mental effects of computer addiction.
9. Cyber stalking is a form of cyber bullying.
10. Poser accounts are example of impersonation.
11. The best way to avoid being a victim of cyber bullying is to
keep open to your parents or trusted individuals.
12. The best way you can do when you are being cyber bullied is
to fight back by doing the same what the bully did.
13. It is okay to be a bystander when you see someone being
cyber bullied.
14. RA 10175 is a law which aims to address legal issues
concerning internet usage and online interactions in the
Philippines
15. Violating the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is punishable
by law.

Exercise 2: Complete the definition of the challenges in ICT being presented. Write
your answers on the space provided.

1. Digital divide is an economic ______________ between groups in terms of

__________ to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication
technology (ICT). The divide within countries can refer to inequalities between
individuals, households, businesses, and ______________ areas at different
_________________ (and other demographic) levels. The __________ digital divide
designates countries as the units of analysis, and examines the divide between
developing and developed countries on an international scale.

2. Computer addiction is the _____________ use of _____________ to the extent that it

______________ with daily ________. This may interfere with work or sleep, result in
____________ with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought
processes.

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3. Cyber Bullying is a ____________ that takes place __________, or using
______________ technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over
_________________ tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and
____________.

C-
H-
A-
N-
G-
E-

Exercise 3: Write an action that you can do using the acronym “C.H.A.N.G.E”
containing ways/tips on how to combat digital divide, computer addiction and
cyber bullying.

Exercise 4: Create a campaign ad in a form of poster with the objective of

combating any of the challenges in ICT being presented. Post your output on any of
your social media accounts then take a screen shot of it. Paste your screenshot on a
clean sheet of paper.

Rubric for Exercise 4:

Excellent Fair Poor
CRITERIA Very Good (4pts)
(5pts) (3pts) (2pts)
The ad still is
The ad has some
There is difficult to The ad
MESSAGE comprehension
complete and understand, takes no
Able to as to what is
easy not very clear, real stance
understand the being said,
understanding however and the
viewpoint the however there is
of the ad. It is there is a message is
message takes still some
very clear of glimpse of not
and they are confusion as to
what the ad is what is trying obvious or
asking of the what they are
asking of the to be clear
viewer asking of the
viewer. delivered.
viewer

23
 24
1. Digital divide is an economic (inequality) between groups in terms of (access) to, use of, or
knowledge of information and communication technology (ICT). The divide within countries
can refer to inequalities between individuals, households, businesses, and (geographic) areas
at different (socioeconomic) (and other demographic) levels. The (Global) digital divide
designates countries as the units of analysis, and examines the divide between developing
and developed countries on an international scale.
2. Computer addiction is the (excessive) use of (computers) to the extent that it (interferes) with
daily (life) This may interfere with work or sleep, result in (problems) with social interaction, or
affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.
3. Cyber Bullying is a (bullying) that takes place (online) or using (electronic) technology such
as cell phones, computers, and tablets over (communication) tools including social media
sites, text messages, chat, and (websites)
Exercise 2:
11. 6. 1.
12. 7. 2.
13. 8. 3.
14. 9. 4.
15. 10. 5.
Exercise 1:
Answer Keys:
SST – I
JAYMIE C. PANGILINAN
Prepared:
overcome it/them?
Which of the following challenges have you experience before? How did you
Reflection. Answer the following question in a separate sheet of paper.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=T2XWA6X&sp=true&
Modified from:
conviction.
tool. it lack conviction.
persuasive the ad makes tone of the ad.
persuasive tool.
use a the delivery of delivering a Persuasion for
sustainable
attempt to tool; however persuasive tool Use of
much more
does not persuasive uses a Persuasiveness
The ad has a
The ad glimpse of a The ad clearly Delivery/
The ad has a
imagery.
imagery credible. images.
persuasive
images. constructive that more persuasive
amount of
Poor use of amount of the ad make it Use of
significant
There is a fair The images of IMAGERY
It lacks of