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ETHIO

Table of Contents
1. Executive summary............................................................................................................................1
Objectives...........................................................................................................................................1
Vision and Mission..............................................................................................................................1
Vision..................................................................................................................................................1
Mission...............................................................................................................................................1
2. Company Summary................................................................................................................................1
2.1Start-up Summary.............................................................................................................................2
3. PRODUCT.............................................................................................................................................2

ETHIO TAHINI
Business Plan

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Prepared by-TektaMideksa

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3.1 Product description..........................................................................................................................2

3.2 Raw material availability in Ethiopia.................................................................................................2
3.3 Processing of Tahini Paste................................................................................................................6
3.4. Product Quality Checks for Ethio-Tahini Factory............................................................................7
3.5 Technology and Machinery Breakdown...........................................................................................8
4. Market Analysis....................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Market Study....................................................................................................................................8
4.1.1. Market needs, Trends and Growth Globally and locally...........................................................8
4.1.2. Target Market...........................................................................................................................9
4.1.3. Competition..............................................................................................................................9
4.1.4. Promotion.................................................................................................................................9
5. Management and Organization...........................................................................................................12
5.1 Schedule.........................................................................................................................................12
5.2 Human Resource Plan.....................................................................................................................12
5.3 Organizational Structure................................................................................................................13
6. Financial plan...................................................................................................................................13
6.1 Initial Investment..........................................................................................................................13
6.2 Important Assumptions................................................................................................................14
6.3 Sales Forecast, Ethio -Tahini.........................................................................................................14
6.4 Breakdown Analysis......................................................................................................................14
6.5 Projected Profit and Loss..............................................................................................................15
6.6 Projected Balance sheet...............................................................................................................16
7. Safety and environment....................................................................................................................17
7.1 Work place safety...........................................................................................................................17
7.2 Health and Environmental Aspects.................................................................................................17
References............................................................................................................................................18

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1. Executive summary
Tahini or Tahina is a Middle Eastern condiment made from toasted ground hulled sesame. It is
served by itself or as a major ingredient in hummus, baba ghanoush, and halva. T ahini is made
by grinding sesame seeds into a smooth paste. Sometimes the sesame seeds are hulled, sometimes
they are left unhulled; sometimes roasted, sometimes raw. Tahini is used in the cuisines of the
Levant and Eastern Mediterranean, the South Caucasus, as well as parts of North Africa. Tahini
is powerful antioxidant and healthy fats to a diet as well as it contains vitamins and minerals.
Tahini will reduce the risk factor of heart disease and protecting brain health.

Objectives
“Ethio-tahini” will be producing tahini pastes with different flavors. This includes with lemon,
garlic and olive oil flavored tahini paste and major tahini recipes requiring products that uses
tahini as a major ingredient. These flavored dessert toppings will be packed in a bottle size of
500grams. In addition to bottle packing a one-time use of 15g tahini will also beproduced and
packed in a plastic sachet in the future. The estimated shelf life of the product is 1 year at
refrigeration temperatures (16 degrees Celsius) and up to six months when frozen.Ethio-tahini
intend to market this product in Special attention has been given to developing an attractive
label that will penetrate consumers’ visualization effects. Distribution of “Ethio-tahini” paste
will begin in Ethiopia mainly capital city Addis Ababa and the ten major regional cities. It is the
company’s vision to expand the business in a couple of years to the international market and
export at affordable prices and excellent quality to consumers worldwide.

Vision and Mission

Vision

It is our vision to be premier manufacturer and supplier of Tahini pastes for local and foreign
consumers that contribute best and affordable food product.

Mission

To ensure the continued satisfaction of our customersby providing best quality and affordable
Tahini pastes.

2. Company Summary
Ethio-tahini is a new tahini paste producing company which is expected to produce 40
tons/month of healthy and delicious dessert from sesame seeds. Ethio-tahini will have a
factory at the heart of Ethiopia Addis Ababa city. The product will be packaged in high quality
plastic bottles of 500grams each. The packaging will include proper labelling (description) of
the ingredients and any allergen information. It will also include production, expiry,
refrigeration and storage recommendations.
Company is expected to deliver quality and standardize tahini paste according to the standards
of FMHACA and ECIA regulations that satisfy and regulate customer needs. Ethio-tahini will
specialize in producing and packing tahini paste and in the future involving hummus
production. The company is forecasted to have positive cash flows starting from the first year
of operation.
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2.1Start-up Summary

Ethio- tahini target customers are that are in all age ranges. Producing this paste will be in two
forms.
The financial aspects of Ethio- tahini will have the following focus on the business. It will also
provide a step-by-step plan for the business start- up, establishing favorable sales number,
gross margin, and profitability.
Establishing this Tahini company has benefits as listed below.

 Increase the income of the owners/shareholders, profitability.

 Producing high quality and healthy tahini product.
 Reduces the country’s foreign currency outflow ofimporting the product from abroad.
 Support the current sesame seed cultivation for farmers for a better sesame seed
production.
 Create job opportunities.

3.PRODUCT
3.1 Product description

Tahini is a paste made from sesame seeds and is a staple in many cuisines, especially in
the Mediterranean and Middle East. It is vegan, gluten-free, tastes nutty, and is simple to
make.
Tahini paste is usually made from.
1. Hulled sesame seeds
Hulled are sesame seeds without the husk on. This Tahini pastes with hulled sesame
will be proceeded by removing the husk in a special machine. Tahini paste will be much
smoother when husks are removed.
2. Unshelled sesame seeds
Unshelled sesames will be sees with husk on, with a much better nutrition fact. Tahini
pastes made with unshelled sesames tends to taste much better.

3.2 Raw material availability in Ethiopia

Major raw material for producing tahini includes.

 Sesame seed
 lemon
 Olive oil
 Garlic
 Salt
Availability of sesame seeds

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Sesame seed is one of the oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Sesame (Sesameindium L.) is one of
the oldest cultivated plants in the world. ... While it has the potential to grow in different parts
of the country, sesame grows mainly in the northern and northwestern regions of Ethiopia
(Humera,Benshanguleand Wollega). Sesames can be found in different market grades. Grade
1,2,3,4,5 UG.

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Agro-Ecological Conditions:

Sesame seed availability in Ethiopia

The growth of sesame is independent, as the plant continues to produce leaves and flowers so
longs as the weather permits. Weighing roughly one ounce each, seeds of lighter colors are
considered of higher quality. Sesame is drought tolerant though not tolerant of water logging.
While it has the potential to grow in different parts of the country, sesame grows mainly in the
northern and northwestern regions of Ethiopia (Humera, Benshangule andWollega). For areas
with shorter rainy season periods, the planting period should fall immediately after the onset
of the rainy period (June to mid-September). The planting period for areas with longer rainy
seasons (late May to October) the planting period should fall in the middle of that period,
during which the farmer can benefit from both the rain and sun. Additionally, sesame seed can
grow well in lowland/humid areas with altitudes of up to 1,250m with preferred rainfall of 500-
800mm.
Domestic Production:
year Production volume/ton
2010/2011 13 million
2011/2012 15million
2012/2013 6million
During the same year, sesame seed accounted for 1.2 % of major crops production (including
oilseeds and pulses). For the period, 1998/99-2005/06, main season production of sesame
seed, on average, accounted for 0.5% of total national major crop production that includes
cereals, pulses and oilseeds. In the last five years, the main season yield of sesame seed has
reached a high of .89 tons per hectare.

Commercialization:

Sales
House hold Consumption
Sale
1%
9%
32% For seeds
Animal Feed
58%

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In general, research result shows that, excluding the volume of grain set aside for
consumption, seed, and feed, 28% of total grain production (including oilseeds and pulses) is
marketed, of which 40% is accounted for by oil seed crops in general.
Global Scenario:
Ethiopia is one of the major sesame seed exporter in the global market.
3.3 Processing of Tahini Paste

Soaking Tank
Washing Tank
Capcity=50 tons/hr With Salt
Capcity=150tons
Washing Temp= 45 °C
Soaking Temp= 25°C

Husk Pelleing
Washing Tank
machine
Capcity=50 tons/hr
Capcity=300kg/hr
Washing Temp= 35 °C

Moving Dryer conveyor.

Dry for 3 hrs

Capcity=1 Capcity=1
tons, for tons, Z-
30minute blades,
, 1-5KW 100KW

Roasting Machine Grinding Machine Pasteuration( Optionl)

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Capcity=
1tons,

Slow mix
scrapper

Labeler, coding& palletization Main Mixer

Filler Machine

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3.4. Product Quality Checks for Ethio-Tahini Factory

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3.5 Technology and Machinery Breakdown

Equipment Qty/pc Cost/ USD In Birr @ Exchange rate

of 1US$ = Birr 44
Infeed Conveyors (with motor) 1 200 8,800
Infeed Pumps(3KW) 1 250 11,000
Washing Tanks(1.5tons) 2 2000 88,000
Heater for Washing Tank (100 °C) 1 300 13,200
Soaking IBC tank(1.5tons) 1 700 30,800
Palling Machine(300kg/hr.) 1 650 28,600
Dryer conveyors (5meters) 1 3290 144,760
Roasting Machine(1ton/hr.) 1 3700 162,800
Grinder Machine 1 2500 110,000
Pasteurizer unit 1 5000 220,000
Main mixer tank 1 1689 74,316
Valves 15 2000 88,000
Pipelines 20 2000 88,000
Transfer Pumps 2 2200 96,800
Filler machine 1 6000 264,000
Labeler Machine 1 5000 220,000
Date coder machine 1 2250 99,000
TOTAL US$ 39,729 Birr 1,748,076

4.Market Analysis
4.1 Market Study
Tahini market is projected to grow at a CAGR (Compound annual growth rate) of 4.8% during
the forecast period, 2020-2025 globally. Similarly,a higher demand for nut butter has indicated
a potential demand of tahini in the Ethiopia market. if the product is affordable and well
introduced in Addis Ababa and in other regional capitals of Ethiopia the demand is high. In
addition; there is a significant increase in consumer preferences of sesame product, as an
ingredient for salads and breakfast meals.
4.1.1. Market needs,Trends and Growth Globally and locally
Tahini is recently gaining popularity in Western culture, as one of the vital ingredients that
make up a good hummus. Tahini is also the base ingredient of numerous Middle Eastern
dishes. The most popular form is tahini-based sauces, which are generally used as a garnish in
salads and topping for meat and vegetables in the Middle Eastern cuisine. Locally; due to the
expensiveness of the existing local as well imported tahini product; most of the time nut butter
is used for vegetable and salad sauce also for fast breakfast with bread. Hence the introduction
of higher quality and affordable tahini products to the mainstream community of
localconsumers is a good move for our company. The growing demand for Arabic food across
the globe and locally, promotion of tahini brands accompanied by health benefits associated
with the product benefit it is a good advantage for our company to penetrate the current
market. 

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Market Growth Per ton

1200
1005
1000

800
620
600 560
480
400

200

0
year 2014 Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 2018

Market Growth Per ton

4.1.2. Target Market

Ethio -tahini production company for the start targets local consumer’s. Our market segments
are Addis Ababa and regional capitals. Ethiopia is known globally as the high quality sesame
seeds exporter. Most of tahini and sesames nut butter producing companies globally use
Ethiopian sesame seeds. If we produce higher quality tahini product from the center of great
sesame plantation and exporter country, the challenge to enter in to the marketwill be
manageable.
4.1.3. Competition
Local tahini producer and imported tahini distributers are our main competitors. But this
product is only available in some super market specifically in Addis Ababa. As per our market
study tahini products are not well-known by majority of the local community. The local tahini
product is expensive for majority of the community. Ethio-Tahini producing company
competitive advantage is; penetrates in the local market by producing higher quality and fresh
tahini product with reasonable price that aim to be affordable for majority of our community.
Also product differentiation as per the local flavor demand.

4.1.4. Promotion
Ethio-Tahini producing company plans various promotional strategies; for instance: - Self -
promotion,Mainstream medias, sponsoring invents, Social web-site (Twitter, Facebook,
Instagram, you tube,Tiktok, LinkedIn), attending trade bazar, diplomatic bazar, food and
beverage bazars.

SWOT Analysis
Strength
Considering; higher quality and freshness of the product that easily accessible to all super
market and mini marts.
The products will be launched in different flavors by considering the local community
preference and demand.
Weakness
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Ethio –Tahini producing company is new for business; thus lack of experience is our
mainweakness.
The Community lack of awareness about the product. Community bad culture regarding
product preference for instance: - choosing expensive and foreign products over local
products.
Opportunity
Our company has good opportunity in the capital city of Addis Ababa and regional capitals due
to the increasing demand of fast and easily prepared meals. Setting our focus on the urban
area of the country our opportunity will increased on new product introduction advantage on
the other capital city of regional state.
Threats
The threat is the lack of quality packing material. The packing material producing companies
have lack of raw material for plastic bottle production.
Unstable political situation in the major and higher quality sesame producer areas (Humera,
Benshangul and Wollega). Most of the sesame production owned by monopoly owners; the
current political situation affects the production and supply chain of the raw material.
Weather hazard: - Most of sesames planted and cultivated form June to February; if the
weather condition is unstable for sesames cultivation; our production might depend on the
weather condition.
Covid – 19-: -to start our business as per the time schedule Covid -19 is one of the major factor
that affect our production regarding human resource.

External Analysis
External analysis includes (political, economic, law and regulation etc...). This affect and
influence the business performance.
Political, Economic, law and regulation
Political environment.
Currently in Ethiopia the political situation is unstable in some critical sesame producing areas.
For instance: -(Humera, Benshangule and Wollega).The Ethiopia economic growth has been
largely driven by state-run. The instability of the regional state affects the production and trade
economy of the country. for instance: - investment, particularly food processing isaffected by
regional raw material production. In contrary the favorable changes in the political situation
encourage local products to replace the imported products. That aim to savea lot of foreign
currencies to the country. The incentive for local manufacturer and exporters is a good
opportunity for our business.
Economic
Economic growth and the rising Africa narrative include improved political and macroeconomic
(and business) climate, high domestic demand, high commodity prices, an increase in external
financial flows (including foreign direct investment and official development) affect the
economy. The food manufacturing companies are growing in number thesedays. That help us
to penetrate in the business through learning and sharing opportunities and competitive
advantages in the local and foreign export business.
Law and Regulation
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In Ethiopia enforcing the regulations dealing with assuring the quality and safety of food
presented to domestic consumers and foreign market is a shared responsibility of different
government agencies. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia,
and the Revenue and Customs Authority of Ethiopia are government agencies cited as the
principal enforcement organs for the food quality regulation in Ethiopia. Mainly the Public
Health Proclamation No. 200/2000 empowers the health sector assuring the quality and safety
of foods presented for human consumption. Under the proclamation and the regulations, the
health sector is given the responsibility to ensure the quality and safety of food products
manufactured and distributed to local and foreign consumers.
Also Ethiopia labeling requirements are provided under Ethiopian standards regulations
No.12/1990. This regulation requires labeling of packaged food items sold in Ethiopia must
bear the product name, list of ingredients, net contents, the manufacturer’s name and
address, country of origin and language to be used at least in two languages Amharic and
English.

5.Management and Organization

5.1 Schedule
The operation of the project will start in the middle of Ethiopian year 2014 E.C (December
2021 G.C) after certain pre-request activities are accomplished.
General and major business activitiesplan.

No Activities Time Schedule

1 Developing The project June 30 to July 15, 2021
2 Obtain the license from concerned July 18 to Sept 10, 2021
bodies.

4 Rent manufacturing site and ware Sept 12 to Sept 15, 2021

house
3 Purchase raw materials and Sept 25 to Nov 10, 2021
machineries. Hire staff
4 Promotional Activity and trial Nov 15 to Nov 25, 2021
production
5 Start production and packaging Dec 12, 2021

5.2Human Resource Plan

The personnel plan calls for hiring full-time salaried employees at start-up. Any additional
hires will be part time and devoted to the expansion manufacturing function, as well as
increased capacity of sales and distribution.
ProposedEmployee salaries are as follows:
Sr. Personnel(Staffing) Number Monthly Total Monthly Annual Salary
No. of staffs salary Salary (birr)
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(birr)
1 CEO 1 34,500 34,500 414,000
2 Sesames quality checker 2 30,200 60,400 724,800
3 Production Manager 1 30,200 30,200 362,400
4 professional tahini maker 7 10,200 71,400 856,800
staffs(Cooking)
3 Cooling and packing staffs 4 25,000 100,000 1,200,000

4 Delivery(Drivers) /sales staffs 5 12,200 61,000 732,000

5 Assistant Manager 1 15,200 15,200 182,400
6 Guards 2 3,500 7,000 84,000
Total 23 379,700 4,556,400

5.3 Organizational Structure

Ethio-Tahini production company’s organizational structure will be a simple line style with the
owners putting in as much work as the employees. Also additional managers (to be hired) will
assist in quality checking, sesames collecting from suppliers and sorting of sesames. Production
manager (to be hired) will supervise the main production process. Professional tahini maker
staffs (to be hired) will perform and manage the main production process and be crucial to
maintaining the tahini process as per the standard. Tahini cooling, packing staffs (to be hired)
assisting the main production line. Also delivery, sales staffs (to be hired) permanently. An
assistant manager to be hired who will be salaried employee, pay wage and supervise other
necessary expenses. Part-time personnel will be hired for maintenance and facility functions.
The marketing and accounting function will be handled by independent
contractors/consultants
6. Financial plan
6.1 Initial Investment

The initial investment of the company includes capital expenditures for the purchase of
machinery, as well as rental cost of factory space. For delivery and distribution, the company
will procure two vehicles. It also includes raw materials procurement cost for one year and
initial administrative, HR, legal, Insurance costs as detailed below. All together these costs are
estimated to be around Birr 32,603,000 (Thirty-two million six hundred three thousand).

Table showing initial investment cost components and amounts

Initial Investment cost Unit Price Qty Total

category
Machinery and accessories 1,748,076 1 SET 1,748,076
Refer section 3.5
Mini Van Vehicles 1,200,000 2 2,400,000
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Factory space rental for a 100,000/month 12 1,200,000

year
Insurance, Legal and other 300,000 1 300,000
license related fees
Raw materials 1st Year 21,955,200
Procurement
Utility and other 1st Year 5,000,000
operational ,
Administrative, HR Costs
TOTAL 32,603,276

Requirement The business at least needs 344,360.00 birr for business establishment,
commencement of operations and liquidity support. The shareholders will have equal
share and financing is obtained in two ways.
 From shareholders 20% Birr 7,000,000
 From Bank loan financing 80% Birr 25,603,276

6.2 Important Assumptions

In the first year of business (2014 Ethiopian calendar year) the business expects to produce 480
tons of Tahini. The estimated initial cost of producing this quantity will be part of the initial
investment cash flow. The following is the total assumed cost of producing the
variousquantities of Tahini for the initial years of production.
Assumptions: Raw materials requirement to produce 1 Ton Tahini (Cost of goods)
Raw Material Qty Unit Price Total Price
Sesame Powder 792 Kg 35/Kg 27,720
Olive Oil 40 Liter 500/liter 20,000
Lemon Juice 80 Liter 80/liter 6,400
Salt 28 Kg 10/Kg 280
Garlic 8 Kg 100/Kg 800
Distilled Water 54 Liter 10/Liter 540
TOTAL 45,740

6.3 Sales Forecast, Ethio-Tahini

Qty (Bottles) of Price per bottle
Qty in Qty In 500 grams of (500 grams of Revenue in
Year
Tons Kgs packaged packaged Birr
Tahini Tahini)
100.0
2014 480 480,000 960,000 96,000,000
0
115.0
2015 560 560,000 1,120,000 128,800,000
0
132.2
2016 620 620,000 1,240,000 163,990,000
5
2017 1005 1,005,000 2,010,000 152.0 305,695,875
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9
  Total 2,665,000 5,330,000   694,485,875

NB: Selling price is expected to increase by 15% every year

6.4 Breakdown Analysis

Cost of goods sold (Raw Material Costs) to produce Tahini, refer unit costs above, assuming
10% increase in price every year

Year Qty/ton Cost per ton Total Cost in Birr

2014 480 45,740 21,955,200
2015 560 50,314 28,175,840
2016 620 55,345 34,313,900
2017 1005 60,880 61,184,400

Other HR and Administrative Costs Year 1

Expenses Utility Measure Unit Price/Cost Annual Cost
Electricity 1000KW 15,000/Month 180,000
Water , Utilities 10,000m³ 5,000/Month 60,000
Compressed air 6 bars 20,000/Month 240,000
Salaries and Benefits Monthly salaries 379,700/month 4,556,400
Interest Expenses Interest Per month @ 9% per 192,000/month 2,304,294
year on loan of 25,603,276
Total other costs 7,340,694

Operating expenses including Salaries, benefits, rent are expected to increase by 7%/year

6.5 Projected Profit and Loss

Ethio-Tahini- Projected Profit and Lossfor the first four years of production and sales
  IN ETB IN ETB IN ETB IN ETB IN ETB
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 TOTAL
Revenue 96,000,000 128,800,000 163,990,000 305,695,875 694,485,875
Less: Cost of Goods Sold 21,955,200 28,175,840 34,313,900 61,184,400 145,629,340
Gross Profit 74,044,800 100,624,160 129,676,100 244,511,475 548,856,535
Expenditures          
Capital Expenditures 1,748,076        
Vehicle purchase 2,400,000        
Other operating expenses          
Salaries and benefits 4,556,400 4,875,348 5,216,622 5,581,786 20,230,156
Rent 1,200,000 1,284,000 1,373,880 1,470,052 5,327,932
Interest Expense 2,304,294 2,304,294 2,304,294 2,304,294 9,217,176
Insurance legal and others 300,000 100,000 110,000 120,000 630,000
Depreciation Expense
Vehicle and machinery 414,808 414,808 414,808 414,808 1,659,232
10%
  12,923,578 8,978,450 9,419,604 9,890,940 41,212,572
Gross Profit 61,121,222 91,645,710 120,256,496 234,620,535 507,643,963
Profit Tax 30% 18,336,367 27,493,713 36,076,949 70,386,161 133,956,822
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Net Profit after tax 42,784,855 64,151,997 84,179,547 164,234,375 373,687,141

6.6 Projected Balance sheet

ETHIO TAHINI

Opening Balance Sheet

Assets Birr TOTAL Birr

Long Term Investment
Equipment-Machinery 1,748,076
Vehicles 2,400,000
4,148,076
Intangible Asset
Good Will -

Current Assets
Cash 7,000,000
Inventory 21,955,200
28,955,200
Total assets 33,103,276

Equity and Liabilities

Share Capital 7,000,000
Retained Earning
Total Equity 7,000,000
Non-current Liabilities
Long term liabilities 25,603,276  
Bond Payable    
Total Non-Current Liabilities   25,603,276
Current Liabilities    
Notes Payable    
account payable    
Interest Payable    
Salary Payable 500,000 500,000
Total payable   26,103,276
Total Equity & Liabilities   33,103,276

7. Safety and environment

Tahini, (sesame paste), is produced from the finest sesame seeds, mechanically grinding to
give a pure and wholesome product. In accordance to our product safety standards, tahini
passes through an advanced and validated heat treatment system that eliminates the
possibility of any food related hazard. Packing of tahini takes place in a dedicated facility of
ultimate hygienestandards segregated according to the types of packaging materials used.
7.1 Work place safety

It is the right of all employees to have safety in the workplace.  Ethio-Tahini Production

Company will have well implemented safety measures that keep employees safe and also
protect industry equipment. The production company will have: - Safety Equipment (All
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workers should wear the required safety gear), Safety training, Emergency evacuation, working
with suitable tools and environment.
7.2 Health and Environmental Aspects

Health Aspect
Tahini is easy for body to digest because of its high alkaline mineral content, which is great for
assisting in weight loss., It help heal wounds, improve brain health and central nervous and
system, help bone health. Also Tahini improve kidney function, lower factor of heart disease
and help controlling chronic disease like type 2 diabetes. The phytoestrogens present in tahini
are extremely beneficial in managing hormones in women. Packed with plethora of
minerals, tahini can help improve and strengthen your immune system. Tahini high in protein,
vitamins B, vitamins E, and minerals such us magnesium, Iron and calcium.Generally, tahini is
harm less also gluten- free and not have common food allergy.
Environmental Aspect
Tahini production is relatively sustainable for environment. There is no known significant
damage to air, water, land, soil, forests, etc. as long as pesticides have not been used.
Water foot print: - Tahini relatively has medium water foot print. (relatively have justifiable
water consumption)
Carbon foot print: - likely high 4.2 kg CO2 to produce 1 kg or 2.2 pound of sesame seed. That is
a car driving equivalent of 9.75 Miles or 15.75 kilometer. Tahini has relatively justifiable high
carbon foot print.
7.3 Waste Optimization
The production is considering Waste Optimization as per the set of processes intended to
reduce the amount of waste produced. The Machinery will be environmentally resourceful;
economically efficient and cost effective to manage waste. High capacity automated solution to
separate good sesames seed from soft peels, broken seed and dust help to minimalize waste.
References

1. International journal of African and Asian study; Article Review of sesame value chain in
Ethiopia. By TeferaNegasaa
2. Tahini grand view research journal; published in 2018.
3. Global market sight review articles.
4. Alibaba
5. Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX)
6. Inspired.net

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