Mathematics: Quarter 3 - Module 3: Triangles and Quadrilaterals

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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Triangles and Quadrilaterals

CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Mathematics – Grade 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Triangles and Quadrilaterals
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education


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4

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Triangles and Quadrilaterals
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall


guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on


lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity
and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the


Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for
strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary


marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty


in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
What I Need to Know

This module was designed in order to assist you to learn the


different kinds of triangles and quadrilaterals.

In this lesson, you will learn about the different kinds of


triangles according to sides and angles and identify and describe
the different kinds of quadrilaterals: square, rectangle,
parallelogram, trapezoid, and rhombus. You will also describe the
different attributes/properties of triangles using concrete
objects/models. The learning activities will allow you to explore,
discover and appreciate the different kinds of triangles that can be
seen in different objects around us. You will also be taught on how
to describe and illustrate the different kinds of triangles in the
succeeding activities.

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. describe the attributes/properties of triangles and
quadrilaterals using concrete objects or models;
2. identify and describe triangles according to sides and to
angles; and
3. identify and describe the different kinds of special
quadrilaterals: square, rectangle, parallelogram,
trapezoid, and rhombus.

1 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Know

Group the figures below into triangles and quadrilaterals by


writing the figure number in the correct column of the table. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

4
10
9 3
7 8
8
6
5
2 1

Triangles Quadrilaterals

Go to the Answer Key to check your answers.

CONGRATULATIONS! If you got a score of 9 or


10, you should not have any difficulty studying
the lesson in this module.
If you got a score of 8 or below, you may need to
study the lesson more carefully and do all the
given activities.

2 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Lesson
Attributes of Triangles and
1 Quadrilaterals

What’s In

https://wallhere.com/en/wallpaper/852616 https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/quadrilaterals.htm l

Do you like patterns? Look at the patterns above. Which one


do you prefer? What shapes do you see in the first pattern? What
about in the second? How many sides and corners does each
shape in the first pattern have? What about in the second?

What’s New

Twin brothers Larry and Garry


bought shirts out of their savings.
Although they were twins, they
have their own favorite designs.
Larry bought the one on the left
while Garry bought the one on the
https://www.zazzle.com/black_and_white
right. What do you think is Larry’s
_checkered_patterns_stylish_elegant_all_o
ver_print_t_shirt-256805711310915313
favorite shape? What about
Garry’s?

3 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What is It

The shirt Larry bought shows a pattern consisting of 3-sided


polygons. These 3-sided polygons are called triangles. Triangles
also have three corner points.
Below are some examples of triangles with different sizes and
shapes.

The pattern in the shirt Garry bought shows four-sided


polygons. Four-sided polygons are called quadrilaterals.
Quadrilaterals also have four corners. There are different kinds of
quadrilaterals. Here are some more examples.

4 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What’s More

Activity 1. “TriQuad”
The polygons inside the box below include triangles and
quadrilaterals.

https://www.nctm.org/Classroom-Resources/Illuminations/Lessons/Sorting-Polygons/

Which of the polygons in the box are triangles and which are
quadrilaterals? Group the triangles together and the quadrilaterals
together by writing their polygon numbers in the correct figure
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 2. “Draw Up”


Draw 5 objects which show triangles and 5 objects which
show quadrilaterals. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

5 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Have Learned

Let us remember that:

TRIANGLES are three-sided polygons with three corners.


Some triangles have two equal sides, while others have three.
But some have no equal sides at all.
QUADRILATERALS are four-sided polygons with four
corners. Some quadrilaterals have sides which are equal while
some do not. Still others have sides which are parallel, while
some have sides which are perpendicular.

What I Can Do

Arrange the polygons inside the box so that it is completely


covered and no shapes overlap. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

6 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Assessment

I. Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on a separate sheet of


paper.

1. Triangles are _______ with ___ sides and ___ corners.


2. Quadrilaterals are ___________ with ___ sides and ___
corners.

Additional Activities

Draw a design of your own wall decor using triangles and


quadrilaterals. You may use different colors for a more interesting
design. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

7 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Know

You need a sheet of paper for the activities.

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box below.

obtuse equilateral isosceles acute scalene


equiangular right angles triangle sides

__________1. It has a 90◦ angle.


__________2. All of its angles are less than 90◦.
__________3. It has an angle greater than 90◦.
__________4. It has three equal angles, each having a measure of
60◦.
__________5. It has two equal sides.
__________6. It has no equal sides.
__________7. All its three sides are equal.
__________8. It is a three-sided figure.
__________9. Triangles are named according to the measures of
their __________,
__________10. and according to the lengths of their __________.

Go to the Answer Key to check your answers.

CONGRATULATIONS, if you got a score of 8 or


higher, you will find the lesson very easy. If your
score is 7 or below, kindly study the lesson and
activities carefully.

8 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Lesson

2 Kinds of Triangles

What’s In

Let us recall the properties of triangles and quadrilaterals.

Triangles are polygons with three sides and three corners.


Their sides may be of equal or of different lengths.

Quadrilaterals are polygons with four sides and four corners.


There are different kinds of quadrilaterals. Some quadrilaterals
have two or more equal sides. Also, some quadrilaterals have one
or two pairs of parallel sides.

What’s New

9 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Let us look at the top part of the house above. How many
sides does it have? What is its shape? Yes, it has three sides and
is in the shape of a triangle.

Let us look at the windows this time. How many triangles in


all do you see in the two windows?

Do you know how triangles are classified? Today, we will


learn about how triangles are classified. We will also learn about
the different kinds of triangles.

KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO SIDES

Equilateral triangle – a triangle which has three equal sides

5 cm 5 cm

5 cm

Isosceles triangle – a triangle which has two equal sides

7 cm 7 cm

5 cm

Scalene triangle – a triangle which has no equal sides

6 cm 9 cm

10 cm

10 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO ANGLES

Right triangle – a triangle which has a right or 90˚- angle

Acute triangle – a triangle which has three acute angles or angles


measuring less than 90˚

600

700 500

Obtuse triangle – a triangle which has one obtuse angle or an


angle measuring greater than 90˚

Equiangular triangle – a triangle which has three equal angles


each measuring 60˚.

600

600 600

11 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What is It

Let us try to have a clearer understanding of how triangles


are classified as we get to know the different kinds of triangles.

KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO SIDES


Triangles may be classified according to their sides. The kinds
of triangles according to their sides are the equilateral, isosceles
and scalene triangles.

Equilateral triangles
An equilateral triangle is a triangle with three equal sides.
The triangles below are all equilateral triangles. They have
three equal sides.

The symbols “I”, or “II”, etc. are used to mark parts of figures.
When parts of the same or of different figures are marked using
the same symbols, that means those parts have equal measures or
are congruent.

Isosceles triangles
An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two equal sides.
The triangles below are isosceles triangles. They have two
equal sides.

12 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Scalene triangles.

A scalene triangle is a triangle with no equal sides.


The triangles below are scalene triangles. They have no equal
sides.

KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO ANGLES


Triangles may also be classified according to their angles. The
kinds of triangles according to their angles are the right triangle,
the obtuse triangle and the equiangular triangle.

Right triangle
A right triangle is a triangle with a right angle or an angle
which measures 90˚.
The triangles below are all right triangles. They all have a
right angle.

90◦

90◦ 90◦

Acute triangles
An acute triangle is a triangle with three acute angles or
angles each measuring less than 90˚.
The triangles below are all acute triangles. All their angles are
acute or measure less than 90˚.

70◦
50◦ 60◦

13 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Obtuse triangles
An obtuse triangle is a triangle with an obtuse angle or an
angle which measures greater than 90˚.
The triangles below are all obtuse triangles. They all have one
obtuse angle or an angle which measures greater than 90˚.

130˚ 40˚

25˚ 25˚
30˚ 110˚

Equiangular triangles
An equiangular triangle is a triangle with three equal angles
each measuring 60˚. An equiangular triangle is actually a special
kind of an acute triangle.
The triangles below are all equiangular triangles. All their
angles are equal and each measure 60˚.

60◦ 60◦ 60◦


60◦
60◦
60◦ 60◦ 60◦ 60◦

It is important to know that all equilateral triangles are


equiangular triangles.
NOTE:
The total measure of the three angles of a triangle is equal to 180˚.

14 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What’s More

Activity 1. “Match Me Up”


Match the figure with the correct description. Write the letter
of the correct answer on the blank provided. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
A B
_____1. scalene triangle a. all its angles measure
less than 90˚
_____2. isosceles triangle b. all its three sides are
equal
_____3. equilateral triangle c. it has no equal sides

_____4. acute triangle d. all its three angles are


equal and measure 60˚
_____5. equiangular triangle e. it has two equal sides
f. exactly two angles are
60˚

Activity 2. “Name It”


Fill in the blanks with the kind of triangle described given
the measurements of its angles below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. m A = 125˚, m B = 30˚, m C = 25˚ _______________


2. m A = 60˚, m B = 60˚, m C = 60˚ _______________
3. m A = 90˚, m B = 45˚, m C = 45˚ _______________
4. m A = 110˚, m B = 40˚, m C = 30˚ _______________
5. m A = 48˚, m B = 57˚, m C = 75˚ _______________
_______________

15 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Activity 3. “Right Me”
List all the letters that are inside right triangles. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

B
A C

E F

I
G H
J

Check your answers with the Answer Key of the module.


A score of 13 -15? GREAT! You understood the lesson
well.
Got a score of 10 - 12? Study carefully the lesson and
the activities given.
A score below 10? You may need somebody to assist you.

16 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Have Learned

Let us recall. There are different kinds of triangles. They are


classified according to the lengths of their sides and also according
to the measures of their angles.

KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO SIDES


Equilateral - all three sides are equal
Isosceles - two sides are equal
Scalene - no sides are equal

KINDS OF TRIANGLES ACCORDING TO ANGLES

Right triangle - one angle is right or has a measure of 90˚

Acute triangle - all angles are acute or have measures less than
90˚
Obtuse triangle - one angle is obtuse or has a measure greater
than 90˚
Equiangular triangle - all three angles are equal or have
measures of 60˚.

What I Can Do
 All equilateral triangles are also equiangular.

Using different kinds of triangles, draw a kite or a toy that


you would want to play with. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

17 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Assessment

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

isosceles equilateral right obtuse


equiangular acute corners scalene
triangle three angles quadrilateral

__________ 1. I am a triangle with three 60◦ angles.


__________ 2. I have two equal sides.
__________ 3. One of my angles measures 90◦.
__________ 4. I have no equal sides.
__________ 5. I am a triangle with an angle greater than 90◦.
__________ 6. All my angles are less than 90◦.
__________ 7. All my three sides are equal.
__________ 8. A triangle is a polygon with ______ sides and
__________ 9. three ______.
__________ 10. I am a three-sided polygon.

Additional Activities

Who am I? Identify the kind of triangle and draw an example


of each. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. I am a triangle with no sides equal.
2. I am a triangle with 3 equal sides.
3. I am a triangle with an obtuse angle.
4. I am a triangle with 2 equal sides.
5. I am a triangle with a 900 angle.

18 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Know

You need a sheet of paper for the activities.

I. Which word inside the box gives the name of the figures
below? Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

rhombus kite rectangle parallelogram square trapezoid

II. Which of the figures below are quadrilaterals? Copy the


quadrilaterals on your answer sheet.

Refer to the Answer Key to check your answers.

You’re EXCELLENT if you got a score of


8 -10. You already have a clear
understanding of the lesson in this
module.
If your score is 7 or below, kindly study
carefully the lesson and the activities.

19 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Lesson

3 Kinds of Quadrilaterals

What’s In

Hello kids. Do you recall your lesson on triangles? How do we


classify triangles? What are the different kinds of triangles? How
do they differ from one another?

Match the items in column A with the correct descriptions in


column B. Write the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

A B
____ 1. Equilateral a. All its angles are less than 90˚
triangle
____ 2. Acute b. All its three sides are equal
triangle
____ 3. Scalene c. It has no equal sides
triangle
____ 4. Isosceles d. All its three angles measure 60˚
triangle
____ 5. Equiangular e. It has two equal sides
triangle

Check your answers with the Answer Key.


If you got a score of 5, then you are ready to study this
module.
If not, you need to study the lesson on triangles.

20 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What’s New

The prices of basic commodities are continuously increasing.


Even prices of vegetables are going up. Knowing that they have
to eat vegetables to keep their family healthy, Mr. and Mrs.
Manalig decided to have a vegetable garden in their backyard.

With their own backyard vegetable garden, the Manalig


family will not only stay healthy, they will also be saving money.
They can also be very sure that the vegetables they would be eating
are free of harmful chemicals as they also plan to go for organic
gardening.

What vegetables does the Manalig family have in their


garden. They have celery, saluyot, eggplant seedlings, pepper and
lettuce. Do you also eat vegetables? Do you think it is good to
have our own vegetable garden at home?

Let us look at the containers the Manaligs used in their


garden. Observe the shape of the containers.

21 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What is It

All the containers used in the garden of the Manalig Family


are rectangles in shape. They all have four sides and four corners.
These shapes are also called quadrilaterals.
All four-sided figures or polygons are called quadrilaterals.
Some of them have two or more equal sides. Quadrilaterals may
also have one or two pairs of parallel sides.
Although all quadrilaterals have four sides, we can see that
they vary in sizes and shapes. Let us now look at the different
kinds of special quadrilaterals.

KINDS OF QUADRILATERALS

This is a square. It has four equal sides and


opposite sides are parallel. All its four corners are
right angles or measure 90˚.

This is a rectangle. Opposite sides are equal and


parallel. All its four corners are right angles or
measure 90˚.

This is a parallelogram. Opposite sides are equal


and parallel. Angles at opposite corners have the
same measurements.

This is a trapezoid. It has one pair of parallel


sides.

This is a rhombus. Its four sides are equal.


Opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles
are equal.

All four-sided figures are Quadrilaterals. They are classified


according to the lengths of their sides and the measures of
their angles.

22 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Let us have a clearer understanding of the kinds of
quadrilaterals.

Figure Name Description/Properties


 All sides are equal.
 Opposite sides are parallel.
Square
 All of the four corners are
right angles.
 Opposite sides are equal
and parallel.
Rectangle
 All four corners are right
angles.
 Opposite sides are equal
and parallel.
Parallelogram
 Opposite corners have the
same measure.
 Has one pair of parallel
Trapezoid sides.

 All sides are equal.


Rhombus  Opposite sides are parallel.
 Opposite angles are equal.

I hope you now understand


what a quadrilateral is and know
its different types.

23 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What’s More

Activity 1. “Match Us Up”


Match the quadrilateral with the object having its shape.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A B
___ 1. square
A.
___ 2. rhombus

B.
___ 3. rectangle

C.
___ 4. parallelogram
D.
___ 5. trapezoid
E.

Activity 2. “Find Me”


Identify the quadrilaterals and copy them on your answer
sheet.

24 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
Activity 3.
Group the objects according to their shapes. Copy them in
the correct quadrilaterals. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Square Rectangle Rhombus Parallelogram Trapezoid

What I Have Learned

Let us remember the following:


Four-sided polygons or figures are called Quadrilaterals. There
are different kinds of quadrilaterals. Some quadrilaterals have
special properties and have been given special names. These are
the square, the rectangle, the parallelogram, the trapezoid and
the rhombus.
A square has four equal sides and opposite sides
are parallel. All four corners are right angles or
measure 900.
A rectangle has two pairs of equal and parallel
sides. All its four corners are right angles ore
measure 900.
A parallelogram has two pairs of equal and
parallel sides. Angles at opposite corners have the
same measurements.
A trapezoid has one pair of parallel sides.

A rhombus has four equal sides. Its opposite sides


are parallel and opposite angles are equal.

25 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
What I Can Do

Using the different kinds of quadrilaterals, design your own


backyard vegetable garden. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Assessment

I. Select the correct answer from the box. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
rhombus rectangle parallelogram
square trapezoid

1. I have two pairs of equal and parallel sides. The angles at


my opposite corners have the same measure. What am I?
2. I have four equal sides. All my four angles measure 90˚.
What am I?
3. I have only one pair of parallel sides. What am I?
4. I have two pairs of equal and parallel sides. All of my corner
measure 90˚.
5. I have four equal sides. My opposite sides are parallel, my
opposite angles are equal.
II. Draw objects showing the different kinds of quadrilaterals.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. square
2. rectangle
3. parallelogram
4. rhombus
5. trapezoid

Additional Activities

Draw a toy using a combination of the different quadrilaterals.


Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

26 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3 27
LESSON 1
What I Know What’s More
Triangles Activity 1
Quadrilaterals
Activity 2
Answers may vary.
What I Can Do Assessment Additional
Activities
1. Triangles are
polygons with Answers may
three sides vary.
and three
corners.
2. Quadrilaterals
are polygons
with four
sides and four
corners
Answer Key
CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3 28
LESSON 2
What I Know What’s More
Activity 1
1. right 1. c
2. acute 2. e
3. obtuse 3. b
4. equiangular 4. a
5. isosceles 5. d
6. scalene
7. equilateral Activity 2
8. triangle 1. obtuse
9.-10 angles, sides 2. equiangular
3. right
4. obtuse
5. acute
Activity 3
C, G, F, H, I
Additional Activities
Assessment
1.
1. equiangular scalene triangle
2. isosceles
3. right
4. scalene 2. equilateral triangle
5. obtuse
6. acute
7. equilateral 3. obtuse triangle
8. three
9. corners
10. triangle
4. isosceles triangle
What I Can Do
Answers may vary. 5. right triangle
CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3 29
What’s In What’s More
Activity 1
1. b 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b
2. a
3. c
Activity 2
4. e
5. d
Additional
What I Can Do Activities
Answers may vary.
Answers may vary.
What’s More
Assessment
Activity 3
I.
Square Rectangle Rhombus
1. Parallelogram
2. Square
3. Trapezoid
4. Rectangle
5. Rhombus
Parallelogram Trapezoid
II.
Answers may vary.
CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3 30
LESSON 3
What I Know
I.
1. rectangle
2. trapezoid
3. rhombus
4. parallelogram
5. square
II.
References

DepEd Order No. 12, s. 2020.Adoption of the Basic Education


Learning Continuity Plan for SY 2020-2021 In Light of the
Covid-19 Public Health Emergency. June 19, 2020. p. 342.

dreamstime.com. 2021. Quadrilaterals Illustrations & Vectors.


[online] Available at:
<https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/quadrilaterals.
html> [Accessed 23 March 2021].

Guadarrama, MT.A., Butaran, A.C., De la Cruz, L., Rieta, T.A. &


Zotomayor, P.A. (2015). Number Smart (Worktext in
Mathematics). Rex Book Store.

Nctm.org. 2021. Sorting Polygons - National Council of Teachers of


Mathematics. [online] Available at:
<https://www.nctm.org/Classroom-
Resources/Illuminations/Lessons/Sorting-Polygons/>
[Accessed 23 March 2021].

Wallhere.com. 2021. [online] Available at:


<https://wallhere.com/en/wallpaper/852616> [Accessed
23 March 2021].

zazzle.com. 2021. [online] Available at:


<https://www.zazzle.com/black_and_white_checkered_patt
erns_stylish_elegant_all_over_print_t_shirt-
256805711310915313> [Accessed 23 March 2021].

31 CO_Q3_Mathematics 4_ Module 3
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex


Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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