Mainit National High School

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Administrative Region
Schools Division of Surigao del Norte
Mainit District 1
Mainit National High School
Mainit, Surigao del Norte
HEALTH 9
Learning Activity Sheet
Quarter 3, Week 1
Content Standard: Demonstrates understanding of first aid principles and procedures.

Performance Standard: Performs first aid procedures with accuracy.
Learning Competency: Demonstrates the conduct of primary and secondary survey of the victim (CAB)
Assesses emergency situation for unintentional injuries
ACTIVITY: Express Your Queries

Direction: Read the ABSTRACTION of this Learning Activity Sheet and find words which are unfamiliar to you. Write
it down in the box provided below.
ABSTRACTION:
Conduct Of Primary And Secondary Survey Of The Victim (CAB)
Vital signs are measures of various physiological statistics taken in order to assess the most basic body functions.
The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording body temperature, pulse rate or heart rate, blood pressure, and
respiratory rate.
Before, Airway, Breathing and Circulation (ABC) are mnemonics for essential steps used by both medical
professionals and lay persons such as first aiders when dealing with a patient. In 2010, the American Heart Association
is rearranged the ABCs of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in its American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, published in Circulation: Journal of the American
Heart Association. "For more than 40 years, CPR training has emphasized the ABCs of CPR, which instructed people to
open a victim's airway by tilting their head back, pinching the nose and breathing into the victim's mouth, and only then
giving chest compressions," said Michael Sayre, M.D., co-author of the guidelines and chairman of the American Heart
Association's Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Committee. "This approach was causing significant delays in
starting chest compressions, which are essential for keeping oxygen-rich blood circulating through the body. Changing
the sequence from A-B-C to C-A-B for adults and children allows all rescuers to begin chest compressions right away."
Difference between signs and symptoms
Signs are details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing and smell during the course of the examination.
Example: Bleeding ,Swelling, Deformities
Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to describe.
Example: Nausea, Vomiting, Heat, Impaired sensations
There are two ways to conduct physical examination when giving first aid:
1. Primary Survey
Primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and immediately treat life-
threatening conditions.
a. Check for Consciousness
 Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?” while carefully shaking the victim’s shoulder.
 When there is no response, not even mumbles or groans, the victim is unconscious and in need of immediate
medical help.
b. Open the Airway
 The victim’s unconsciousness maybe due to an obstruction in his/her airway. It may also be caused by a
narrowed airway making breathing impossible.
 Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the throat area which allows the tongue to slip back and block
the throat.
 Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the victim is an adult). This way you will be able to lift the
tongue from the back of the throat, leaving the airway clear.
c. Check for Breathing
 Put your face near the victim’s mouth and look, listen, and feel for breathing. You should observe for:
 Chest movement, sound of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek
d. Check for Circulation
 Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates blood circulation, which is essential for the
heart and brain to function.
 Poor blood circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin. This is fatal.
 To revive circulation, perform CPR immediately.
2. Secondary Survey
Secondary survey is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to detect everything about the patient’s
condition.
a. History Taking - SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to perform the steps more easily.
S- ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)

A- llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
M- edication (what are the medicines s/he is currently taking)
P- revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
L- ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
E- vents prior to what happened
P- eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
A- rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I- ntensity
N- ullify (What stopped it?)
b. Checking for Vital Signs
A. Pulse rate
Steps in checking the pulse:
 a. Use your fingertips in getting the pulse. Follow the following procedure:
1. Place the finger tip over an artery where it either crosses a bone or lies close to the skin.
2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood causes the vessel wall to expand – that is the pulse.
 b. The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body like: Brachial, Subclavian, Carotid, Axillary, Wrist,
Femoral and Temporal
NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate

 Never use your thumb; it has its own pulse.
 Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at the same time.
 Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting position.
 Pulsations disappear as the victim is elevated to a sitting position.
 Never put too much pressure or massage the carotid. You may disturb the heart’s electrical conduction system.
Normal Pulse Rate
60-70 Men
70-80 Women
80-90 Children over 7 years old
80-120 Children over 1-7 years old
B. Temperature 110-130 Infants
Guidelines in checking temperature:
 It is being important to monitor temperature in the case of stroke and high fever.
 Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer within the:
1. Rectum (rectal)
2. Oral (mouth)
3. Axillary (armpit)
C. Respiration
Guidelines in checking respiration:
 Count the number of breaths per minute.
 A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may mean an asthma attack.
 A gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may mean that the tongue, mucous or something
else is stuck in the throat and does not let enough air to get through.
*Between12-20 breaths per minute are normal for adults and older children; 40 breaths per
minute are normal for babies.
D. Skin color
Guidelines in checking skin color:
 Skin color reflects the circulation of blood and the saturation of oxygen in the blood.
 The presence of mucous around the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds is a sign of poor blood circulation.
 A healthy skin that warm and pink because blood flows normally in the blood vessels.
c. Head to Toe Examination
1. Head and neck

 Are there any lacerations or contusions in the area?
 Is there a presence of blood in the victim’s hair? If yes, immediately find out where it is coming from.
 Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose, and ears? If so, the victim has a skull fracture.
2.Eyes
 Pay close attention to the pupils
Pupil Appearance Assessment
Dilated pupil State of shock
Very small pupils Poison or use of prohibited drugs
Different size Head injury that requires immediate attention
Small and bright Pupils are reactive
No reaction DEATH
3. Chest
 Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and other impairments.
 If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure onto his/ her chest, there could be a rib fracture.
4. Abdomen
 Does the victim’s abdomen hurt? Where is the pain coming from?
 Is his/ her abdomen tender?
 Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get immediate medical assistance.
5. Back
 Is there movement in the victim’s lower extremities?
 Is there sensation in these parts? If the answer is yes, do not move the victim. Immobilize him/ her.
Top Ten things to do in case of emergency

1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing and band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.
ANALYSIS: Write your answer on the answer sheet given to you.
1. Why is it important to assess the situation first before proceeding to the primary and secondary survey of
the victim?
2. Why is it important to follow the proper procedures in assessing emergency situations and in doing basic life
support (primary and secondary survey of the victim)?
APPLICATION/ PERFORMANCE TASK: Music Is Good For Health

Direction: Compose a 4-line jazz chant in English, Filipino or your own dialect describing the importance of
having first aid and safety awareness. Do not copy chants from internet and from other sources.
Do this performance task on answer sheet given to you.
Return this answer sheet on: _________________
HEALTH 9
Quarter 3, Week 1
Answer Sheet
NAME: ______________________________________________ GRADE/SECTION: ____________________
ANALYSIS: Answer the following question concisely.
1. Why is it important to assess the situation first before proceeding to the primary and secondary survey of
the victim?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to follow the proper procedures in assessing emergency situations and in doing basic life
support (primary and secondary survey of the victim)?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
APPLICATION/ PERFORMANCE TASK: Music Is Good For Health

Direction: Compose a 4-line jazz chant in English, Filipino or your own dialect describing the
importance of having first aid and safety awareness. Do not copy chants from internet and
from other sources.

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Republic of the Philippines

Content Standard: Demonstrates understanding of first aid principles and procedures.

ACTIVITY: Express Your Queries

Difference between signs and symptoms

S- ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)

b. Checking for Vital Signs

NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate

1. Head and neck

Top Ten things to do in case of emergency

ANALYSIS: Write your answer on the answer sheet given to you.

APPLICATION/ PERFORMANCE TASK: Music Is Good For Health

NAME: __________________________ GRADE/SECTION:

ANALYSIS: Answer the following question concisely.

APPLICATION/ PERFORMANCE TASK: Music Is Good For Health

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