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    Database Assignment 3

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    Tafadzwa Mapfumo
    The document discusses challenges in spatiotemporal databases and different approaches for integrating data mining systems with databases. It also compares two database modeling software, Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom, that could be suitable for a mining department. Key challenges in spatiotemporal databases include developing robust data structures and representations, handling spatial and temporal relationships, and modifying data mining techniques to exploit these relationships. The most popular integration approach is semi-tight coupling, which provides some database functions to data mining while maintaining performance. Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom differ in their features, platforms, and weaknesses for modeling in a mining context.

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    Database Assignment 3

    Uploaded by

    Tafadzwa Mapfumo
    31 views6 pages
    The document discusses challenges in spatiotemporal databases and different approaches for integrating data mining systems with databases. It also compares two database modeling software, Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom, that could be suitable for a mining department. Key challenges in spatiotemporal databases include developing robust data structures and representations, handling spatial and temporal relationships, and modifying data mining techniques to exploit these relationships. The most popular integration approach is semi-tight coupling, which provides some database functions to data mining while maintaining performance. Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom differ in their features, platforms, and weaknesses for modeling in a mining context.

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    The document discusses challenges in spatiotemporal databases and different approaches for integrating data mining systems with databases. It also compares two database modeling software, Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom, that could be suitable for a mining department. Key challenges in spatiotemporal databases include developing robust data structures and representations, handling spatial and temporal relationships, and modifying data mining techniques to exploit these relationships. The most popular integration approach is semi-tight coupling, which provides some database functions to data mining while maintaining performance. Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom differ in their features, platforms, and weaknesses for modeling in a mining context.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views6 pages

    Database Assignment 3

    Uploaded by

    Tafadzwa Mapfumo
    The document discusses challenges in spatiotemporal databases and different approaches for integrating data mining systems with databases. It also compares two database modeling software, Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom, that could be suitable for a mining department. Key challenges in spatiotemporal databases include developing robust data structures and representations, handling spatial and temporal relationships, and modifying data mining techniques to exploit these relationships. The most popular integration approach is semi-tight coupling, which provides some database functions to data mining while maintaining performance. Maptek Vulcan and Corvus Axiom differ in their features, platforms, and weaknesses for modeling in a mining context.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

    FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND GEOSCIENCES


    DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

    NAME: TAFADZWA MAPFUMO R179719V

    LEVEL: 3.2

    ASSIGNMENT MUMBER: 3 (HMINE321)

    LECTURER: R. GUMBO

    DUE DATE: 25/08/2020


    QUESTION 1

    Identify and discuss the major challenges in spatiotemporal database. [10marks]

    Spatiotemporal is a broad designation that may refer to a wide variety of systems


    dealing with the temporal evolution of spatial phenomena

    Some challenges in spatiotemporal database include:

    -Design and development of robust spatiotemporal representation and data structures is


    the fundamental issue for spatiotemporal data handling, analysis and mining.

    -The unique characteristics of spatiotemporal datasets are that they carry distance and
    topological information which require geometric and temporal computation.

    -Spatial and temporal relationships like distance, topology, direction, before and after
    are information bearing. They need to be considered in spatiotemporal data analysis
    and mining.

    -Spatial and temporal relationships are implicitly defined. They are not explicitly
    encoded in a database. These relationships must be extracted from data. There is a
    trade-off between preprocessing them before the actual mining process starts and
    computing them on-the fly as and when they are actually needed.

    -Scale effect in space and time is a challenging issue in spatiotemporal data analysis
    and mining. Scale in terms of spatial resolution or temporal granularity can have a direct
    impact on the kind and strength of spatiotemporal relationships that can be discovered
    in datasets.

    -The unique characteristic of spatiotemporal datasets requires significant modification of


    data mining techniques so that they can exploit the rich spatial and temporal
    relationships and patterns embedded in the datasets.

    -The attributes of neighbouring patterns may have significant influence on a pattern and
    should be considered. For example, spatiotemporal event like hurricane will have
    influence on traffic jam pattern.
    -Many rules of qualitative reasoning (ex: transitive property) on spatial and temporal
    data provide a valuable source of domain independent knowledge that should be taken
    into account when generating patterns. How to express rules and how to integrate them
    with spatiotemporal reasoning mechanism is an issue.

    -Visualization of spatiotemporal patterns and phenomena, scalability of data mining


    methods, data structures to represent and efficiently index spatiotemporal datasets are
    also challenging issues.

    -Development of efficient techniques for visualization of spatiotemporal knowledge and


    interaction facilities for gaining an insight of underlying phenomena represented by the
    knowledge is another challenge. This requires the results of spatiotemporal data mining
    are to be embedded within a process that interprets the results for further properly
    structured investigation into reasons behind the results.

    -Development of effective visual interfaces for viewing and manipulating the geometrical
    and temporal attributes of spatiotemporal data is another challenge.

    (K, 2012)

    QUESTION 2

    Describe the differences between the following approaches for the integration of
    a data mining system with a database or data warehouse system: no coupling,
    loose coupling, semitight coupling, and tight coupling. State which approach you
    think is the most popular, and why. [10]

    No Coupling: In this scheme, the data mining system does not utilize any of the
    database or data warehouse functions. It fetches the data from a particular source and
    processes that data using some data mining algorithms. The data mining result is stored
    in another file.

    Loose Coupling: In this scheme, the data mining system may use some of the
    functions of database and data warehouse system. It fetches the data from the data
    respiratory managed by these systems and performs data mining on that data. It then
    stores the mining result either in a file or in a designated place in a database or in a
    data warehouse. Loose coupling is better than no coupling because it can fetch any
    portion of data stored in databases or data warehouses by using query processing,
    indexing, and other system facilities.(Integration of a Data Mining System with a
    Database or Data Warehouse System) However, many loosely coupled mining systems
    are main memory-based. Because mining does not explore data structures and query
    optimization methods provided by database or data warehouse systems, it is difficult for
    loose coupling to achieve high scalability and good performance with large data sets.

    Semi-tight Coupling: In this scheme, the data mining system is linked with a database
    or a data warehouse system and in addition to that, efficient implementations of a few
    data mining primitives can be provided in the database. These primitives can include
    sorting, indexing, aggregation, histogram analysis, multi way join, and precomputation
    of some essential statistical measures, such as sum, count, max, min, standard
    deviation,

    Tight coupling: In this coupling scheme, the data mining system is smoothly integrated
    into the database or data warehouse system. The data mining subsystem is treated as
    one functional component of an information system. Data mining queries and functions
    are optimized based on mining query analysis, data structures, indexing schemes, and
    query processing methods of a database or data warehouse system. This approach is
    highly desirable because it facilitates efficient implementations of data mining functions,
    high system performance and an integrated information processing environment

    Tight coupling is highly desirable, but its implementation is nontrivial and more reserch
    is needed in the area. Semi-tight coupling would be the most suitable choice because it
    is a common choice and an even compromise between loose and tight coupling.(Data
    Mining, Southeast Asia Edition - Jiawei Han, Jian Pei, Micheline Kamber - Google
    Books)

    (Data Mining - Systems - Tutorialspoint)


    QUESTION 3

    Identify any two database modelling software that are suitable for your
    department in the mining environment and highlight its features/functions,
    advantages and also the weakness of the modelling software in your
    organisation. [15]

    Maptek Vulcan Corvus Axiom


    Features
    Vulcan is a mining management solution for Corvus integrates to multiple SCADA
    the mining industry with features such as systems across organisations to report one
    design, production planning, and 3D form of the truth back through ERP systems
    geological modeling. Its also used to maintain for financial reporting. Corvus also allows
    daily operations, taking into account mines to centralise their data for live reporting
    economic, technical and operational via mobile applications and dashboards,
    parameter(Maptek - 3D Mine Planning, Mine allowing for in shift decision making
    Design, Geology & Scheduling in Vulcan)
    Advantages
    - Range; 10 – 1000+ users - Range; 1 -1000+ users
    - volumetrics - volumetrics
    - people tracking - 3D modelling
    - data exchange - Compatible with a web base, windows,
    - Compatible with a web base, cloud and cloud and SaaS
    SaaS - provides in person, online, webinar and
    - provides in person, online, webinar and documentation training
    documentation training
    Weaknesses

    - no iOS and android compatibility - no people tracking


    - no 3D modelling - no windows, iOS and android compatibility
    - no data exchange functionality
    (Corvus Axiom vs iGantt vs Micromine vs Vulcan - 2020 Feature and Pricing
    Comparison)

    References
    Corvus Axiom vs iGantt vs Micromine vs Vulcan - 2020 Feature and Pricing
    Comparison (no date). Available at:
    https://www.capterra.com/mining-software/compare/170815-129663-135411-93452/
    Corvus-Axiom-vs-Micromine-vs-Vulcan-vs-iGantt (Accessed: 28 May 2020).
    Data Mining, Southeast Asia Edition - Jiawei Han, Jian Pei, Micheline Kamber - Google
    Books (no date). Available at: https://books.google.co.zw/books?id=AfL0t-
    YzOrEC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=what+is+the+best+Integration+Of+A+Data+Mining+
    System+With+A+Database+Or+Data+Warehouse+System&source=bl&ots=Ux-
    RwMdrF4&sig=ACfU3U0ydbkzZ3UUvabmnWp8XIh5kEInmw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahU
    KEwiFx6nf49TpAhVGiVwKHdyeDNwQ6AEwDnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=what is the
    best Integration Of A Data Mining System With A Database Or Data Warehouse
    System&f=false (Accessed: 28 May 2020).
    Data Mining - Systems - Tutorialspoint (no date). Available at:
    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_mining/dm_systems.htm (Accessed: 27 May 2020).
    Integration of a Data Mining System with a Database or Data Warehouse System (no
    date). Available at: http://www.brainkart.com/article/Integration-of-a-Data-Mining-
    System-with-a-Database-or-Data-Warehouse-System_8310/ (Accessed: 27 May 2020).
    K, V. R. (2012) ‘Spatiotemporal Data Mining: Issues, Tasks And Applications’,
    International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey, 3(1), pp. 39–52. doi:
    10.5121/ijcses.2012.3104.
    Maptek - 3D Mine Planning, Mine Design, Geology & Scheduling in Vulcan (no date).
    Available at: https://www.maptek.com/products/vulcan/ (Accessed: 28 May 2020).

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