Sewer Design

Sewer Design Guide
Preface 1 October 2004

PREFACE

The 2004 edition of the Sewer Design Guide includes requirements of City Council
Policies 400-13 and 400-14. Also, the basis for design of City sewer conveyance systems
has been changed to peak wet weather flows.

The Sewer Design Guide is a guide for the engineer when planning and designing
wastewater facilities and should be used for both public facilities and private facilities
which serve multiple lots. This guide summarizes and outlines relevant City policies,
applicable codes, and engineering and operational practices and procedures that have
been developed to establish a cost-effective, reliable, and safe wastewater collection
system. Also to be considered and used in conjunction with this design guide are all
applicable current standard drawings, specifications, and industry requirements for the
planning and design of wastewater infrastructures.

This guide is not a substitute for professional experience, nor is it meant to relieve the
design engineer from his/her responsibility to use good engineering judgment. The
design engineer shall be responsible for providing a design that, within industry
standards, can be safely repaired and maintained, will provide good service and life, and
will not create a public nuisance or hazard. Under most conditions, this guide should
serve as a minimum standard. However, it is not meant to preclude alternative designs
when the standards cannot be met, or when special or emergency conditions warrant, as
long as proper authorization is obtained.

City management encourages Apartnering@, the creation of an open working relationship
between staff in each section/department and our customers, to promote achievement of
mutual and beneficial goals. All projects can benefit when common goals and interests
are identified, lines of communication are established and open, and there is a
commitment from all parties to solve problems collaboratively.

We would like to continue to make positive changes to this document as standards,
technology, and materials change. Please submit to your Senior Civil Engineer, in
writing, any changes you think warrant consideration.

Many people have endeavored to make this document useful and representative of good
engineering and maintenance practices. The Metropolitan Wastewater Department would
like to acknowledge and thank the individuals who have invested considerable effort in
establishing and improving the Sewer Design Guide.

Scott Tulloch
Director
Metropolitan Wastewater Department

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
October 2004 1-2 Acknowledgment
SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Sewer Design Guide Committee has dedicated this 2004 version of the Sewer
Design Guide to F. David Schlesinger, who was the Director of Metropolitan
Wastewater Department, City of San Diego, from July 1990 to May 2001.

The Committee also gratefully recognizes the contribution by the following
individuals in the revision, preparation, and editing of the 2004 Sewer Design
Guide.

CITY STAFF:

Abi-Hashim, Raja* Asgedom, Seyoum*
Buehler, Paul* Buttmann, Janet
Collingwood, Jeff* Espinoza, Julian
Grossman, Dave* Haghgouy, Seyed (Jim)
Hireish, Isam* Hu, David*
Hwang, Guann* Kilburg, Paul*
Moua, Cha* Nagelvoort, James*
Nguyen, Huy Qawasmi, Nabeel*
Salvini, Bobbi* Pang, Stephanie
Shoaf, Jeff Zirkle , Chris*

*Sewer Design Guide Committee members
David Hu, Chairman, Sewer Design Guide Committee
Seyoum Asgedom, Secretary, Sewer Design Guide Committee

CONSULTANTS:

Anderson, Mike - Brown and Caldwell
DISCLAIMER

The Sewer Design Guide is a document of the City of San Diego. It is officially
registered as Document No. 769875 and filed with the City Clerk June 11, 2001. It was
prepared and developed as a guide to City departments and divisions that will be involved
with the design and maintenance of sewer pump stations, gravity sewers, force mains,
and associated sewer appurtenances. This is the most current sewer design guide of the
City. It may not be fully adequate to address all aspects of municipal sewer systems.
Therefore, it is prudent for design engineers to avail their best professional experiences
and good judgment is using the information in this Document.

This Document is posted in the City website for use by design consultants, public
agencies, and design engineers who may have the need for its use. The users of this
Sewer Design Guide shall be responsible to provide a design that can be safely
constructed, repaired, and maintained, and which will provide good service and life, and
which will not create public nuisance or hazard.

Therefore, the City of San Diego makes no warranty either expressed or implied as to the
accuracy or reliability of the information contained in this 2004 Sewer Design Guide.

David Hu, Ph.D, P.E.
Senior Structural Engineer
Chairman, Sewer Design Guide Committee
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Table of Contents i October 2004
SEWER DESIGN GUIDE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1 SEWER SYSTEM PLANNING............................................................ 1-1
1.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 PRELIMINARY PROJECT PLANNING..................................................... 1-1
Alignment and Grade of Mains ..................................................................... 1-1
New Mains ............................................................................................... 1-1
Relocated Mains ...................................................................................... 1-1
Precedence of Sewer Facilities ................................................................ 1-2
Private Mains .......................................................................................... 1-2
Easement of Mains ................................................................................. 1-3
Pump Station Location.................................................................................. 1-3
Sewers in Canyons and Environmentally Sensitive Lands............................ 1-3
1.3 PLANNING STUDY..................................................................................... 1-4
General Requirements for Studies ................................................................. 1-4
Capacity................................................................................................... 1-4
Drainage Basins ....................................................................................... 1-5
Depth of Mains ........................................................................................ 1-5
Existing Studies ....................................................................................... 1-5
Flow Estimation............................................................................................. 1-6
Land Use.................................................................................................. 1-6
Flow Determination................................................................................. 1-6
Pipe Sizing Criteria ........................................................................................ 1-7
Hydraulic Requirements ................................................................................ 1-7
Slope .............................................................................................................. 1-8
Ratio of Depth of Flow to Pipe Diameter (d
n
/D) ........................................... 1-8
Minimum Pipe Sizes ................................................................................ 1-8
Map Criteria ................................................................................................... 1-8
1.4 SEPARATION OF MAINS ........................................................................ 1-10
Horizontal Separation.................................................................................. 1-10
Vertical Separation...................................................................................... 1-11
Shallow Mains, General......................................................................... 1-11
Parallel Mains ........................................................................................ 1-11
Crossing Mains ...................................................................................... 1-11
Separation of Other Utility Pipes and Cable Conduits ................................ 1-11
1.5 PUMP STATATION PLANNING CRITERIA.......................................... 1-12
Pump Station Design Capacity.................................................................... 1-12
Private Pump Stations .................................................................................. 1-13
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1.6 ZONE-DENSITY CONVERSIONS........................................................... 1-13
1.7 REQUIRED CAPACITY IN EXISTING SEWER SYSTEMS
DOWNSTREAM OF NEW FACILITIES .................................................. 1-13
Required Capacity Downstream of New Gravity Sewers ........................... 1-13
Required Capacity Downstream of New Pump Stations ............................. 1-14

CHAPTER 2 GRAVITY SEWER SYSTEM DESIGN.............................................. 2-1
2.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 DESIGN OF SEWER MAINS...................................................................... 2-1
General Considerations.................................................................................. 2-1
Determination of Allowable Loading...................................................... 2-1
Design Deflection in PVC Pipe ............................................................... 2-2
Traffic Loads, Dead Loads, and Other Loads.......................................... 2-2
Concrete Encasement/Casing .................................................................. 2-2
Depth of Mains ........................................................................................ 2-2
Shallow Mains ......................................................................................... 2-3
Depth of Dead-End Mains ....................................................................... 2-3
Redundant Sewers ................................................................................... 2-3
Sewer Mains 15 Inches and Smaller in Diameter.......................................... 2-4
Minimum Depths ..................................................................................... 2-4
Changes in Direction............................................................................... 2-4
Requirements for Depths Greater than 15 Feet ....................................... 2-4
Sewer Mains 18 Inches and Larger in Diameter ........................................... 2-4
Changes in Direction............................................................................... 2-4
Requirements for Odorless Connection............................................... 2-4
Allowable Loading .................................................................................. 2-5
Shop Drawing/Material Submittal Requirements.................................... 2-5
Trench Details.......................................................................................... 2-5
Hydraulic Jumps ............................................................................................ 2-5
Alignment of Sewers ......................................................................................2.6
Utility Crossing.............................................................................................. 2-7
Profile of Sewers...................................................................................... 2-7
Cutoff Walls............................................................................................. 2-8
Curvatures ................................................................................................ 2-8
Curvature in Rigid Pipes.......................................................................... 2-9
Curvature in Flexible Pipes ................................................................... 2-10
Horizontal Curvature ............................................................................. 2-10
Vertical Curvature ................................................................................ 2-11
Prohibited Locations .................................................................................... 2-11
2.3 MANHOLES ............................................................................................... 2-11
General Design Considerations ................................................................... 2-11
Manholes outside Public Right-of-Way ................................................ 2-12
Required Locations ................................................................................ 2-12
Manholes at Street Intersections ............................................................ 2-12
Prohibited Locations .............................................................................. 2-13
Potential Hydraulic Jumps ..................................................................... 2-13
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Dead-End Sewers................................................................................... 2-13
Distance between Manholes .................................................................. 2-13
Design of Outboard shelf within Manholes ................................................. 2-14
Manhole Frames and Covers ....................................................................... 2-14
Manhole Lining and Grouting ..................................................................... 2-15
Bases ...................................................................................................... 2-15
Riser Joints............................................................................................. 2-15
Risers ..................................................................................................... 2-15
Exterior Walls........................................................................................ 2-15
Minimum Invert Drop across Manholes ...................................................... 2-16
All Pipes the Same Diameter................................................................. 2-16
Outlet Pipe Larger Than Inlet ................................................................ 2-16
Maximum Invert Drops across Manholes.................................................... 2-17
Minimum Manhole Size .............................................................................. 2-17
Large Diameter Manholes ........................................................................... 2-17
Deep Manholes ...................................................................................... 2-17
Inspection of Existing Manholes ........................................................... 2-18
2.4 PIPE BEDDING.......................................................................................... 2-18
Normal Bedding Requirements ................................................................... 2-18
Special Considerations ................................................................................. 2-18
Load Factor for Clay Pipe............................................................................ 2-18
2.5 SEWER LATERALS .................................................................................. 2-18
Allowable Locations .................................................................................... 2-18
Backwater Devices ...................................................................................... 2-19
Pressure Laterals .......................................................................................... 2-19
Depth Requirements .................................................................................... 2-19
Cleanouts ..................................................................................................... 2-20
Slope ............................................................................................................ 2-20
New Developments...................................................................................... 2-20
Bedding........................................................................................................ 2-20
Main Replacements ..................................................................................... 2-20
Connections to Existing Mains .................................................................... 2-21
Required Location of Connections ........................................................ 2-21
Allowable Types of Connections ........................................................... 2-21
Size of Connections ............................................................................... 2-21
Required Rise from Main ...................................................................... 2-22
Connections to Trunk Sewers ...................................................................... 2-22
Easement Laterals ........................................................................................ 2-23
Encroachment laterals.................................................................................. 2-23
Single Family Residential...................................................................... 2-23
Higher Density Residential.................................................................... 2-23
Common Laterals................................................................................... 2-23
Laterals Crossing Lot Lines ................................................................... 2-24
2.6 WASTEWATER IMPROVEMENT PLANSSTANDARDS
AND PROCEDURES.................................................................................. 2-24
General......................................................................................................... 2-24
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Improvement Plan Requirements ................................................................ 2-24
Pipelines................................................................................................. 2-24
Special Facilities .................................................................................... 2-25
Standard Specifications and drawings ................................................... 2-26
Notes on Improvement Plans ....................................................................... 2-26
Legend Items ............................................................................................... 2-29
Data Tables .................................................................................................. 2-30
Sewer Main Abandonment .................................................................... 2-30
Sewer Data Table................................................................................... 2-30
Sewer Lateral Table............................................................................... 2-31
2.7 PLANNING AND DESIGN SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS................ 2-31
General......................................................................................................... 2-31
Sewer Study................................................................................................. 2-31
Public Easements ......................................................................................... 2-32
Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA) ................ 2-32
Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&R) ...................................... 2-32
Minimum Plan Sets...................................................................................... 2-32
Sewer Maintenance Plan.............................................................................. 2-32
2.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL.................................... 2-32
2.9 SPECIAL FACILITY PLAN CHECK........................................................ 2-36

CHAPTER 3 EASEMENTS AND ENCROACHMENTS ......................................... 3-1
3.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 3-1
Location of Easements................................................................................... 3-1
Preferred Locations........................................................................................ 3-1
Easements within Lots............................................................................. 3-2
Non-Contiguous Sewer Easement Roads ............................................... 3-2
Fenced Easements.................................................................................... 3-2
Easement Width....................................................................................... 3-2
Minimum WidthSewer Depth Less than 10 Feet ................................ 3-2
Sewer Depths Greater than 10 Feet ......................................................... 3-3
Structures Adjacent to Easements ........................................................... 3-3
Multiple-Use Easements .......................................................................... 3-3
Easements in Open Space Areas.............................................................. 3-3
Easements in Dedicated Parklands .......................................................... 3-3
Easements in Commercial/Business Property and/or Private Streets ...... 3-4
Easements Adjacent to Slopes, Buildings, or Retaining Walls ............... 3-4
Easements in Areas with Special Soil or Geotechnical Concerns ........... 3-4
Easement Width Rounding...................................................................... 3-5
Access Road Requirements ........................................................................... 3-7
Standard Sewer Access Roads ................................................................. 3-7
Access Roads in Open Space................................................................... 3-7
Access Roads in Dedicated Parklands ..................................................... 3-8
Access Roads in Residential Side Yards ................................................. 3-8
Access Roads in Canyons and Environmentally Sensitive Lands ........... 3-8
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Location of Utilities within an Easement ...................................................... 3-9
General..................................................................................................... 3-9
Additional Utilities ................................................................................ 3-10
Sewer Laterals in a Private Street Easement ......................................... 3-10
Private Easements .................................................................................. 3-10
3.3 ENCROACHMENTS .................................................................................. 3-10
General......................................................................................................... 3-10
Structures in Easements ............................................................................... 3-10
Other Encroachments................................................................................... 3-11
3.4 EASEMENT RESEARCH.......................................................................... 3-11
Easements Granted by Subdivision or Parcel Map...................................... 3-11
Easements by Grant Deed............................................................................ 3-12
Search by the City Clerk........................................................................ 3-12
Improvement Plan Inspection for Easements ........................................ 3-13
Search at the County Recorder .............................................................. 3-13

CHAPTER 4 SEWER MAIN BRIDGE CROSSING DESIGN ................................ 4-1
4.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 PERMITS ...................................................................................................... 4-1
City................................................................................................................ 4-1
CALTRANS .................................................................................................. 4-1
4.3 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION...................................................................... 4-1
General Design .............................................................................................. 4-1
Design Consideration............................................................................... 4-1
Design Standards ..................................................................................... 4-1
Pipeline Requirements ............................................................................. 4-2
Measures for Future Expansion............................................................... 4-2
Spare Pipe in Closed Cell Bridges ........................................................... 4-2
Gravity Main Manhole Requirements ..................................................... 4-2
Force Main Isolation Valves.................................................................... 4-2
Access Vaults and Sleeves....................................................................... 4-2
Pipeline Locations ......................................................................................... 4-2
Access Requirements ..................................................................................... 4-3
Loading Considerations ................................................................................. 4-3
4.4 PIPELINE MATERIALS .............................................................................. 4-4
Pipe Requirements ......................................................................................... 4-4
Ductile Iron Pipe...................................................................................... 4-4
Pipeline Casing .............................................................................................. 4-4
Available Joint Types and Characteristics..................................................... 4-4
Flanged Connections ............................................................................... 4-4
Push-on Joint ........................................................................................... 4-4
Mechanical Joint ...................................................................................... 4-5
Restrained Push-on Joint ......................................................................... 4-5
Ball and Socket Joint ............................................................................... 4-5
Joint Application Considerations ................................................................... 4-5
Joints for Ductile Iron Pipe...................................................................... 4-5
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Expansion Joints ...................................................................................... 4-5
Joints at Transitions ................................................................................. 4-6
Cathodic Protection....................................................................................... 4-6
4.5 SUPPORTS.................................................................................................... 4-6
4.6 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS....................................................... 4-6

CHAPTER 5 ABANDONMENT OF EXISTING SEWER MAINS AND
MANHOLES .......................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 ABANDONMENT OF SEWER FACILITIES ............................................. 5-1
5.3 ABANDONMENT OF SEWER EASEMENTS........................................... 5-1

CHAPTER 6 CORROSION CONTROL.................................................................... 6-1
6.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 MATERIAL SELECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS ............................ 6-1
Concrete......................................................................................................... 6-1
Steel ............................................................................................................... 6-2
Ductile Iron ................................................................................................... 6-2
Aluminum...................................................................................................... 6-2
Copper and Brass ........................................................................................... 6-3
Stainless Steel ................................................................................................ 6-3
Polyvinyl Chloride......................................................................................... 6-3
Fiberglass ....................................................................................................... 6-3
Vitrified Clay Pipe......................................................................................... 6-4
6.3 PRE-DESIGN SURVEYS ............................................................................. 6-6
Pre-Design Investigations .............................................................................. 6-6
Stray Currents ................................................................................................ 6-7
6.4 CORROSION MONITORING..................................................................... 6-7
6.5 CATHODIC PROTECTION......................................................................... 6-8
6.6 CORROSION CONTROL TESTING........................................................... 6-8
Soil Resistivity Testing.................................................................................. 6-8
Continuity Testing ......................................................................................... 6-9
6.7 COATING AND LINING........................................................................... 6-10
6.8 SEWER PUMP STATIONS AND FORCE MAINS.................................. 6-10
Sewer Pump Station Piping Coatings .......................................................... 6-10
Force Main Linings and Coatings ................................................................ 6-11
Valve Coatings............................................................................................. 6-12
Pump Interior Lining ................................................................................... 6-12
Wet Well Walls............................................................................................ 6-12

CHAPTER 7 SEWER PUMP STATION DESIGN CRITERIA
AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN GUIDELINES.................................. 7.1-1

SECTION 7.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN ENGINEERS ..... 7.1-1
Implementation of Design Guide Requirements ........................................ 7.1-1
Documentation of Implementation of Design Guide Requirements .......... 7.1-1
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Written Responses to Design Review Comments ...................................... 7.1-1
Special Station Requirements ................................................................. 7.1-1
Project Meeting with the City..................................................................... 7.1-2
Requirements for Design Documents ......................................................... 7.1-2
Private Sewer Pump Stations...................................................................... 7.1-2

SECTION 7.2 SUMMARY OF FACILITY CAPACITY AND HYDRAULIC
DESIGN CRITERIA......................................................................... 7.2-1
7.2.1 PURPOSE................................................................................................... 7.2-1
7.2.2 DESIGN CAPACITY CALCULATIONS................................................. 7.2-1
Pump Station Design Capacity Calculation.......................................... 7.2-1
7.2.3 PUMP AND SYSTEM CALCULATIONS ............................................... 7.2-1
Constant versus Variable Speed Pumps ............................................... 7.2-1
Variable Speed Pumps (Special Station Requirements) ....................... 7.2-1
Uniform Sizing and Number of Service and Standby Pumps ............. 7.2.-1
Calculations of Hydraulic Losses ......................................................... 7.2-2
Allowable Pipe Velocities .................................................................... 7.2-2
NPSHA Calculation.............................................................................. 7.2-2
Pump and System Curves ..................................................................... 7.2-3
Calculation of System Curves .............................................................. 7.2-3
Selection of Candidate Manufacturers Pump Curves.......................... 7.2-3
Flat Pump Curves .............................................................................. 7.2-3
Plotted System and Pump Curve Information on Design
Drawings ............................................................................................... 7.2-4
Multiple Pump Operation Curves ......................................................... 7.2-4
Other Information and Pump Curves.................................................... 7.2-4
Pump Selection..................................................................................... 7.2-4
Design Pump Rating and Requirements ............................................... 7.2-5
Impeller Information for Plotted System and Pump Curves ............... 7.2-5
Specification of Design Pumps............................................................. 7.2-5
7.2.4 MASS ELASTIC SYSTEMS AND CRITICAL SPEED
CALCULATIONS...................................................................................... 7.2-6
7.2.5 SURGE PRESSURE CALCULATIONS................................................... 7.2-6
Surge Analysis Methodology ............................................................... 7.2-6
Submittal of Calculations ..................................................................... 7.2-6
Transient Control Measures.................................................................. 7.2-6
Shaft-Mounted Flywheels..................................................................... 7.2-7
Force Main Alignment.......................................................................... 7.2-7
Vacuum Relief Valves and Pressure Release Valves
(Combination Type).............................................................................. 7.2-7
Slow-Closing, Hydraulically-Operated Pump Discharge Valves......... 7.2-7
Vacuum Relief Valves or Check Valves (Vented from Wet Well) ...... 7.2-7
Non-Approved Measures ...................................................................... 7.2-7
7.2.6 WET WELL CALCULATIONS................................................................ 7.2-7
Flow Data Table ................................................................................... 7.2-7
Wet Well Inlet....................................................................................... 7.2-7
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Wet Well Operating Volume ................................................................ 7.2-7
Minimum Inflow Calculation............................................................... 7.2-8
First Pump Call Level in the Wet Well Operating Volume.................. 7.2-8
Wet Well Operating and Alarm Levels ................................................ 7.2-9
Emergency Storage Volume ................................................................ 7.2-9
Influent Line Storage ............................................................................ 7.2-9
Spill Location Indication...................................................................... 7.2-9
7.2.7 A SIX-HOUR EMERGENCY STORAGE (SPECIAL STATION
REQUIREMENT) .................................................................................... 7.2-10
Closed Tanks ...................................................................................... 7.2-10
Ponds................................................................................................... 7.2-10
7.2.8 FORCE MAIN.......................................................................................... 7.2-10
Capacity of Discharge Sewer.............................................................. 7.2-10
Force Main Retention Time................................................................ 7.2-10

SECTION 7.3 PUMPS................................................................................................ 7.3-1
7.3.1 VERTICAL NON-CLOG PUMPS............................................................. 7.3-1
Standard Design ................................................................................... 7.3-1
General Construction............................................................................ 7.3-1
Maximum Size Solid Passing through Impeller ................................... 7.3-1
Mechanical Seals .................................................................................. 7.3-1
Compound Pressure Gauge Installation................................................ 7.3-1
Pump Bases........................................................................................... 7.3-1
Stainless Steel Anchor Bolts for Pump Bases ...................................... 7.3-2
Pump Drain Lines ................................................................................. 7.3-2
7.3.2 MOTORS.................................................................................................... 7.3-2
Motors for extended shaft pumps ......................................................... 7.3-2
Motor Horsepower Selection................................................................ 7.3-2
Motor Features ...................................................................................... 7.3-2
Soft Start Motor Starters ....................................................................... 7.3-3
7.3.3 EXTENDED DRIVE SHAFT.................................................................... 7.3-3
General.................................................................................................. 7.3-3
U-Joint Greasing Access....................................................................... 7.3-3
Safety Guards........................................................................................ 7.3-3
Intermediate Level Motors (Special Station Requirement) .................. 7.3-3
7.3.4 EQUIPMENT CLEARANCES .................................................................. 7.3-3
Minimum Equipment Clearances ......................................................... 7.3-3
7.3.5 SPARE PARTS TO BE FURNISHED....................................................... 7.3-4
7.3.6 LARGE PUMP STATIONS (SPECIAL STATION REQUIREMENT) ... 7.3-4
Classification........................................................................................ 7.3-4
Mechanical Seals for Variable Speed Pumps (Special Station
Requirement) ........................................................................................ 7.3-4
Split Mechanical Seals (Special Station Requirement) ........................ 7.3-4
Air-Gap Seals Water Pressurization System
(Special Station Requirement).............................................................. 7.3-4
Air-Gap Tank Installation (Special Station Requirement) ................... 7.3-4
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7.3.7 PUMP SATION EQUIPMENT RETROFIT PROJECTS
(SPECIAL STATION REQUIREMENT)................................................. 7.3-5
Retrofitting Equipment in Existing Pump Stations ............................. 7.3-5
Close-Coupled Motors (Special Station Requirement) ........................ 7.3-5
Dry Pit Submersible Pump Installation (Special Station
Requirement) ........................................................................................ 7.3-5
Wet Well Submersible Pump Installation
(Special Station Requirement).............................................................. 7.3-6

SECTION 7.4 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES ................................................. 7.4-1
7.4.1 ISOLATION VALVES ...............................................................................7.4.1
Dry Well Isolation Valves .................................................................... 7.4-1
Valve Operators .................................................................................... 7.4-1
Valve Accessibility............................................................................... 7.4-1
Elevated Valve Access ......................................................................... 7.4-1
Suction Valve Extensions ..................................................................... 7.4-1
Buried Valves ....................................................................................... 7.4-1
Wet Well Isolation Valve ..................................................................... 7.4-1
Underground Valves in Vaults (Special Station Requirement) ............ 7.4-2
7.4.2 CHECK VALVES ...................................................................................... 7.4-2
General FeaturesExternal Spring Level Check Valves .................... 7.4-2
Specific Valve Feature.......................................................................... 7.4-2
Air/Cushion Close Valve (Special Station Requirement) .................... 7.4-2
Proximity Switch.................................................................................. 7.4-2
7.4.3 PIPING AND FITTINGS ........................................................................... 7.4-3
Ductile Iron Pipe................................................................................... 7.4-3
Threaded-on Ductile Iron Flanges ........................................................ 7.4-3
Make-Up Length Piping ....................................................................... 7.4-3
Pipe Disassembly Lengths .................................................................... 7.4-3
Approved Pipe Joints ............................................................................ 7.4-3
Non-Approved Coupling Fittings ......................................................... 7.4-3
Victaulic Couplings (Special Station Requirement) ............................. 7.4-3
Restrained Couplings for Ease of Piping Alignment............................ 7.4-3
Piping Supports and Bracing ................................................................ 7.4-3
Seismic Zone 4 Design ......................................................................... 7.4-3
Base Elbows.......................................................................................... 7.4-4
Manifold Configuration........................................................................ 7.4-4
Manifold to Force Main(s) Piping Configuration................................. 7.4-4
7.4.4 FORCE MAIN DRAIN LINES .................................................................. 7.4-4
Force Main Drain Lines to Wet Well ................................................... 7.4-4
Force Main Drain Lines (Special Station Requirement) ...................... 7.4-4
7.4.5 SMALL APPURTENANCE PIPE FITTINGS .......................................... 7.4-4
Small Appurtenance Piping .................................................................. 7.4-4
7.4.6 STAINLESS STEEL BOLTING................................................................ 7.4-5
Dry Well Fasteners ............................................................................... 7.4-5
Wet Well and Buried Fittings Fasteners ............................................... 7.4-5
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7.4.7 AIR RELEASE VALVES .......................................................................... 7.4-5
Installation Locations............................................................................ 7.4-5
Flooded Suction Pumps ........................................................................ 7.4-5
Air Release Valves ............................................................................... 7.4-5
Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings .................................................................. 7.4-5
Air Valve Drain Piping......................................................................... 7.4-5
Self-Priming Pumps (Special Station Requirement) ............................ 7.4-5
Submersible Pumps (Special Station Requirement) ............................. 7.4-6
7.4.8 SCHEDULE OF PIPE MATERIALS ........................................................ 7.4-6
Schedule on Mechanical Drawings ...................................................... 7.4-6
7.4.9 LINING/COATING................................................................................... 7.4-6
Ferrous Valves, Pipes, Fittings, Appurtenance Lining
And Coating ......................................................................................... 7.4-6

SECTION 7.5 ELECTRICAL, CONTROLS, AND INSTRUMENTATION....... 7.5-1
7.5.1 GENERAL.................................................................................................. 7.5-1
7.5.2 POWER SWITCHGEAR AND DISTRIBUTION.................................... 7.5-1
Lockout Safety...................................................................................... 7.5-1
Circuit Breakers .................................................................................... 7.5-1
Switchgear Rating Coordination........................................................... 7.5-1
Line Power Monitoring......................................................................... 7.5-2
Ground Fault Protection....................................................................... 7.5-2
Grounding System................................................................................ 7.5-2
Moor Starter Design ............................................................................. 7.5-2
Motor Control Center Switchgear Equipment ...................................... 7.5-3
Wiring and Bus Bars............................................................................. 7.5-3
Seismic Braces ...................................................................................... 7.5-3
Service Panel ........................................................................................ 7.5-3
Electrical Conduit ................................................................................. 7.5-4
Conduit Routing Schedule.................................................................... 7.5-4
Electrical Outlets .................................................................................. 7.5-4
7.5.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS .............................................. 7.5-5
General.................................................................................................. 7.5-5
Dedicated Gas Monitoring................................................................... 7.5.-5
Flow Meter............................................................................................ 7.5-5
Level Control........................................................................................ 7.5-5
Pump Control and Alarm Circuit Ladder Logic Diagrams ............... 7.5-5
Pump Control Description.................................................................... 7.5-6
Calibration Schedule............................................................................. 7.5-6
Process Instrumentation and Control Diagram..................................... 7.5-6
Fail-Safe Design Alarm Relays......................................................... 7.5-6
Emergency Motor Controls .................................................................. 7.5-6
Motor Starter Circuit Hand Operation.................................................. 7.5-7
Emergency Stop.................................................................................... 7.5-7
Pump Status Indicator Lights................................................................ 7.5-7
Pump Run Time.................................................................................... 7.5-7
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Telemetry Alarms ................................................................................. 7.5-7
Station Status and Alarm Condition Annunciator Panel ...................... 7.5-7
Panel Indicator Light Bulbs .................................................................. 7.5-7
Alarm and Control Relay Resets .......................................................... 7.5-8
7.5.4 TELEMETRY............................................................................................. 7.5-8
7.5.5 ALTERNATE BACKUP POWER............................................................. 7.5-8
Emergency Backup Power.................................................................... 7.5-8
Emergency Power Plant Fuel................................................................ 7.5-8
Fuel-Diesel (Special Station Requirement) .................................... 7.5-8
Engine Unit ........................................................................................... 7.5-9
Engine ............................................................................................. 7.5-9
Generator Unit .................................................................................... 7.5-10
Transfer SwitchAutomatic .............................................................. 7.5-11
Transfer SwitchManual (Special Station Requirement) ................. 7.5-12
Emergency Generator Installation Location....................................... 7.5-12
Emergency Plug-In Connection.......................................................... 7.5-13
Maintenance Service Contract............................................................ 7.5-13
7.5.6 OTHER STATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 7.5-13
Emergency Lighting ........................................................................... 7.5-13
Corrosion Control System (Special Station Requirement) ................. 7.5-13

SECTION 7.6 VENTILATION................................................................................. 7.6-1
7.6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 7.6-1
Dry Well Required Air Changes........................................................... 7.6-1
Air Supply/Exhaust Locations .............................................................. 7.6-1
Minimum Fan Horsepower ................................................................... 7.6-1
Ductwork Materials .............................................................................. 7.6-1
Maintenance Access Covers ................................................................. 7.6-1
Location of Fan Installation ................................................................. 7.6-1
Ventilation Filters (Special Station Requirement)................................ 7.6-1
Rodent Proofing Openings ................................................................... 7.6-1
7.6.2 AVOIDING VENTILATION CROSS CIRCUITING............................... 7.6-2
Ventilation Short-Circuiting Considerations ........................................ 7.6-2
7.6.3 NOISE ATTENUATION........................................................................... 7.6-2
Maximum Allowable Noise Levels at Property Line ........................... 7.6-2
Maximum Allowable Noise Levels Inside Station............................... 7.6-2
7.6.4 GENERATOR ROOM VENTILATION................................................... 7.6-2
Required Continuous Generator Room Ventilation ............................ 7.6-2
Ventilation during Generator Run ........................................................ 7.6-2
7.6.5 VENTILATION/ODOR CONTROL OF THE WET WELL .................... 7.6-2
Passive Odor Control System............................................................... 7.6-2
Power Ventilation/Odor Control (Special Station Requirement) ......... 7.6-3
7.6.6 DEHUMIDIFIER....................................................................................... 7.6-3
Dehumidifier Installation (Special Station Requirement) .................... 7.6-3
7.6.7 AIR CONDITIONING/COOLING SYSTEMS......................................... 7.6-3
Electrical Rooms (Special Station Requirement) ................................. 7.6-3
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Panel Cooling (Special Station Requirement) ...................................... 7.6-3

SECTION 7.7 DRY WELL........................................................................................ 7.7-1
7.7.1 GENRAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 7.7.-1
Above-Grade Building Construction.................................................... 7.7-1
Stairway Access .................................................................................... 7.7-1
Underground Station Access Stairs ...................................................... 7.7-1
Underground Station Equipment Hatches ............................................ 7.7-1
Personnel Access to EquipmentElevated Platforms ......................... 7.7-1
Rolling Stairway for Equipment Access (Special Station
Requirement) ........................................................................................ 7.7-1
Fire Extinguishers ................................................................................. 7.7-2
Fire Rated Doors................................................................................... 7.7-2
Fluorescent Lights ................................................................................ 7.7-2
Safety Lighting ..................................................................................... 7.7-2
Skylights (Special Station Requirement) .............................................. 7.7-2
Safety Warning Signs ........................................................................... 7.7-2
Concrete Surface Sealing...................................................................... 7.7-2
Non-Skid Coating ................................................................................. 7.7-2
Equipment Maintenance Clearance ...................................................... 7.7-2
Safety Guards........................................................................................ 7.7-2
Valve Wrenches .................................................................................... 7.7-3
7.7.2 EQUIPMENT REMOVAL ........................................................................ 7.7-3
Hoist Clearance..................................................................................... 7.7-3
Extended Shaft Pump Equipment Hoisting.......................................... 7.7-3
Hoisting Submersible Pumps (Special Station Requirement) .............. 7.7-3
Traveling Overhead Crane Rail Hoists ................................................. 7.7-3
Equipment Hatches ............................................................................... 7.7-4
7.7.3 HAZARDOUS GAS DETECTION SENSORS......................................... 7.7-4
Methane/explosive Gas Sensors and Alarms........................................ 7.7-4
Access to Sensors ................................................................................. 7.7-4
Hazardous Gas Warning Sign .............................................................. 7.7-4
7.7.4 FINISHES AND STANDARDIZED PAINT SCHEMES
AND LETTERING..................................................................................... 7.7-4
Piping Color Scheme and Markers ....................................................... 7.7-4
Paint Scheme for Other Equipment ...................................................... 7.7-5
7.7.5 SUMP PUMPS ........................................................................................... 7.7-6
Piping to Sump Pump ........................................................................... 7.7-6
Sump Pump Features ............................................................................ 7.7-6
Sump Pump Discharge Piping Features ............................................... 7.7-7
7.7.6 FLOODED MCC LEVEL ALARM AND SWITCH................................. 7.7-7
Electrical Power Shutoff on Major Flooding........................................ 7.7-7

SECTION 7.8 WET WELL....................................................................................... 7.8-1
7.8.1 INLET DESIGN ......................................................................................... 7.8-1
Inlet Pipe............................................................................................... 7.8-1
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Inlet Sewer ............................................................................................ 7.8-1
Influent Flow Meter (Special Station Requirement) ............................ 7.8-1
Spill Location........................................................................................ 7.8-1
7.8.2 HYDRAULIC DESIGN ............................................................................. 7.8-1
Standard Wet Well Configuration........................................................ 7.8-1
Suction Elbow....................................................................................... 7.8-2
Self-Cleaning Wet Wells (Special Station Requirement)..................... 7.8-2
7.8.3 TRASH RACK........................................................................................... 7.8-2
Trash Rack above Pump Station........................................................... 7.8-2
Large Pump Station Trash Rack/Screen (Special Station
Requirement) ........................................................................................ 7.8-2
Self-Cleaning Wet Wells (Special Station Requirement)..................... 7.8-3
Mechanical Screens (Special Station Requirements) ........................... 7.8-3
7.8.4 STORAGE VOLUME REQUIREMENTS ................................................ 7.8-3
Operational, Two-Hour and Six-Hour Emergency
Storage Volume Requirements ............................................................. 7.8-3
Design Features for Emergency Overflow Storage Wet Well ............. 7.8-3
Design Features for Emergency Overflow Storage Tank ..................... 7.8-3
Passive Overflow.................................................................................. 7.8-4
7.8.5 CORROSION PROTECTION................................................................... 7.8-4
T-Lock Lining....................................................................................... 7.8-4
Pipe and Fittings Coatings .................................................................... 7.8-4
Fasteners ............................................................................................... 7.8-4
7.8.6 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION...................................... 7.8-4
Level Control........................................................................................ 7.8-4
Explosion Proof Installation................................................................. 7.8-4
7.8.7 WET WELL VENTILATION AND ODOR CONTROL.......................... 7.8-4
Ventilation, Odor Control..................................................................... 7.8-4
7.8.8 HATCHES, EMERGENCY ACCESS....................................................... 7.8-5
Wet Well Access................................................................................... 7.8-5
Alfalfa Valve (Special Station Requirement) ....................................... 7.8-5

SECTION 7.9 FORCE MAINS................................................................................. 7.9-1
7.9.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 7.9-1
Dual Force Mains ................................................................................. 7.9-1
PVC Pressure Pipe................................................................................ 7.9-1
Ductile Iron Pipe (Special Station Requirement) ................................. 7.9-1
Force Main Isolation Valves................................................................. 7.9-1
Flex Couplings at Pump Station Wall .................................................. 7.9-1
Corrosion Protection............................................................................. 7.9-1
Thrust Blocks ........................................................................................ 7.9-1
Restrained Buried Pipe Joints ............................................................... 7.9-2
Cut-Off Walls ....................................................................................... 7.9-2
Use of 45-Degree Elbow Fittings ......................................................... 7.9-2
Force Main Drains (Special Station Requirement)............................... 7.9-2
Force Main Separation and Pipe Joint Stagger ..................................... 7.9-2
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Use of Combination Air Valves ........................................................... 7.9-2
7.9.2 ISOLATION VALVES AND EMERGENCY PUMPING
CONNECTIONS........................................................................................ 7.9-3
Solid Wedge Type Valves .................................................................... 7.9-3
Isolation Valve Location....................................................................... 7.9-3
Force Main Drain Lines ........................................................................ 7.9-3
Emergency Pumping Connections ........................................................ 7.9-3
Valving Diagram.................................................................................. 7.9-3
7.9.3 DISCHARGE MANHOLE ........................................................................ 7.9-3
Discharge Manhole............................................................................... 7.9-3
Discharge Level to Manhole................................................................. 7.9-4
7.9.4 ODOR CONTROL..................................................................................... 7.9-4
Chemical Odor Control......................................................................... 7.9-4
Dedicated Gravity Discharge (Special Station Requirement) .............. 7.9-4

SECTION 7.10 STATION BUILDING AND SITE REQUIREMENTS ............ 7.10-1
7.10.1 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE.................................................................. 7.10-1
Reinforced Concrete ........................................................................... 7.10-1
Structure Waterproofing and Moisture Barriers ................................. 7.10-1
Wall Penetrations ................................................................................ 7.10-1
Concrete Form Taper Ties .................................................................. 7.10-1
Waterstops .......................................................................................... 7.10-1
Prohibition of Package Plant Type Facilities...................................... 7.10-1
7.10.2 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION............................................................... 7.10-1
Typical Construction.......................................................................... 7.10-1
7.10.3 BUILDING FEATURES .......................................................................... 7.10-2
Intrusion Security.................................................................................7.10.2
Outside Door Fittings and Locks ........................................................ 7.10-2
Bulletin Board and Reference Shelf ................................................... 7.10-2
Building Lighting................................................................................ 7.10-2
Site Lighting ....................................................................................... 7.10-2
7.10.4 SITE, ACCESS, AND PAVING.............................................................. 7.10-2
Fee Title Property ............................................................................... 7.10-2
Site Paving.......................................................................................... 7.10-2
Site Fencing and Walls ....................................................................... 7.10-2
Gates ................................................................................................... 7.10-2
Positioning Maintenance Vehicles ..................................................... 7.10-3
Vehicle Turnaround Radius ................................................................ 7.10-3
Parking over Wet Well Pipe Connections .......................................... 7.10-3
Flood Plain Elevation......................................................................... 7.10-3
7.10.5 WATER METER AND BACKFLOW PROTECTION..................... 7.10-3
Water Meter Costs and Backflow Protection Device ......................... 7.10-3
Water Meter Ownership ..................................................................... 7.10-3
Hose Bibb and Backflow Protection................................................... 7.10-3
Emergency Eyewash (Special Station Requirement) ......................... 7.10-3
Restroom (Special Station Requirement) ........................................... 7.10-4
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7.10.6 LANDSCAPINNG................................................................................... 7.10-4
City Standard ...................................................................................... 7.10-4
Xeriscaping......................................................................................... 7.10-4
Backflow Protection on Irrigation Piping........................................... 7.10-4

SECTION 7.11 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL
TESTING SPECIFICATIONS..................................................... 7.11-1
7.11.1 GENERAL................................................................................................ 7.11-1
7.11.2 COORDINATION OF NEW CONSTRUCTION WITH EXISTING
STATION OPERATION.......................................................................... 7.11-1
Salvage Note on Drawings ................................................................. 7.11-1
Temporary Bypass Pumping (Special Station Requirement) ............. 7.11-1
Sequence of Construction................................................................... 7.11-1
4.11.3 FACILITY TESTING.............................................................................. 7.11-1
General Requirements ........................................................................ 7.11-1
DESIGN ENGINEER Responsibilities .............................................. 7.11-1
Contractor Responsibilities................................................................. 7.11-2
Master Test Plan.............................................................................. 7.11-2
Contractor Test Coordinator ............................................................... 7.11-2
Scheduling of Facility Test Sequence................................................. 7.11-2
Testing Costs ...................................................................................... 7.11-2
Coordination with Other Specification Sections ................................ 7.11-2
Summary of Master Test Plan............................................................ 7.11-2
Factory Testing ................................................................................... 7.11-2
Functional Checkouts and Installation Certification.......................... 7.11-3
Pre-Operational and Start-Up Testing ................................................ 7.11-3
HVAC Testing.................................................................................... 7.11-3
Operational Test Procedure ................................................................ 7.11-3
Commissioning................................................................................... 7.11-3
7.11.4 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL............................... 7.11-4
Number of Copies ............................................................................... 7.11-4
Warranty Address ............................................................................... 7.11-4
O&M Contents.................................................................................... 7.11-4
Consolidated Summary....................................................................... 7.11-4
Automatic Controls summary............................................................. 7.11-4
As-Built Drawings of Electrical/Controls .......................................... 7.11-4
Manufacturers Certificates ................................................................ 7.11-4
Equipment Specifications and Detailed O&M Information .............. 7.11-4
Warranty Forms .................................................................................. 7.11-4
Table of Contents................................................................................ 7.11-4
Certified Pump Test Curves................................................................ 7.11-4
7.11.5 FACILITY ACCEPTANCE BY THE CITY........................................... 7.11-5
Recommendation for Acceptance by Owner...................................... 7.11-5
Acceptance of Operational Responsibility......................................... 7.11-5
Transfer of Utility Billings ................................................................. 7.11-5
Start of Warranty................................................................................ 7.11-5
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7.11.6 WARRANTY ........................................................................................... 7.11-5
Requirements ...................................................................................... 7.11-5
One-Year Warranty (for Overall Facility........................................... 7.11-5
Two-Year Warranty (for Major Equipment) ...................................... 7.11-5
Extended Warranty............................................................................. 7.11-5
Warranty Service ................................................................................ 7.11-5
Warranty Ownership........................................................................... 7.11-6
7.11.7 FACILITY TRAINING............................................................................ 7.11-6
7.11.8 KEYING SYSTEM.................................................................................. 7.11-6
City Standard Locks ........................................................................... 7.11-6
Number of Key Sets............................................................................ 7.11-6

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 City of San Diego Density Conversions ................................................ 1-15
Table 2-1 Interval of Cutoff Walls or Concrete Anchors ........................................ 2-8
Table 2-2 Radius of Curvature for Pipe Deflection................................................. 2-9
Table 2-3 Minimum Allowable Radius of Curvature............................................ 2-10
Table 2-4 Distance between Manholes .................................................................. 2-14
Table 2-5 Invert Drops across Manholes ............................................................... 2-17
Table 2-6 Sewer Lateral Connections .................................................................... 2-21
Table 2-7 Minimum Values of Rise from Sewer Mains ........................................ 2-22
Table 2-8 Sewer Main Abandonment .................................................................... 2-30
Table 2-9 Sewer Data Table................................................................................... 2-30
Table 2-10 Sewer Lateral Table............................................................................... 2-31
Table 3-1 Worksheet for Calculating Required Sewer Easement Width................. 3-5
Table 5-1 Sewer Main Abandonment ...................................................................... 5-1
Table 6-1 Material Selection Guide ......................................................................... 6-4
Table 6-2 Coating Selection Guide .......................................................................... 6-5
Table 6-3 Lining Selection Guide ............................................................................ 6-6
Table 6-4 Resistivity ValuesCorrosivity................................................................ 6-9
Table 6-5 Corrosive Effect of Chlorides or Sulfates on Steel or Concrete.............. 6-9
Table 6-6 Acceptable Coatings/Linings for Sewer Pump Station Piping.............. 6-11
Table 6-7 Force Main Corrosion Protective Coatings and Linings ....................... 6-12
Table 7.2-1 Flow Data.............................................................................................. 7.2-7
Table 7.2-2 Ratio of Minimum to Average Flow.................................................... 7.2-8
Table 7.5-1 Conduit Routing Schedule.................................................................... 7.5-4
Table 7.7-1 Exposed Piping Identification Schedule............................................... 7.7-5
Table 7.7-2 Color Identification Schedule for Equipment and
Associated Piping ................................................................................. 7.7-6

LIST OF FIGURES
At End of

Figure 1-1 Peaking Factor for Sewer Flows (Dry Weather) ........................... Chapter 1
Figure 1-2 Sewer Study Summary.................................................................. Chapter 1
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Figure 2-1 Odorless Sewer Connection....................................................... Chapter 2
Figure 2-2 Joint Deflection Allowances .......................................................... Chapter 2
Figure 2-3 Sewer Manhole Coating and Lining .............................................. Chapter 2
Figure 2-4 Pipe Locations for Straight-Through Flow
Inlet and Outlet Pipes Same Diameter ........................................ Chapter 2
Figure 2-5 Pipe Locations for Straight-Through Flow
Outlet Pipe Larger than Inlet Pipe Diameter .............................. Chapter 2
Figure 2-6 Private Sewer Lateral in Concrete Cement Driveway................... Chapter 2
Figure 4-1 Force Main Installation in Box Girder-Type Bridge ..................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-2 Force Main Installation in Open Girder-Type Bridge ................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-3 Force Main Installation on Slab-Type Bridge ............................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-4 Force Main Installation on Dual Bridges (All Types) ................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-5 Abutment Details ........................................................................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-6 Pipe Saddles ................................................................................... Chapter 4
Figure 4-7 Mercy Road Bridge Water Transmission Line.............................. Chapter 4
Figure 4-8 Robinson Avenue Bridge 16-Inch Force Main.............................. Chapter 4
Figure 7.8-1A Wet Well Arrangement ................................................................ Section 7.8
Figure 7.8-1B Wet Well Arrangement ................................................................ Section 7.8
Figure 7.8-1C Wet Well Arrangement ................................................................ Section 7.8

INDEX

ATTACHMENT 1 STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
SERVICES CRITERIA FOR THE SEPARATION OF
WATER MAINS AND SANITARY SEWERS
Page

A. Public Health Considerations ..................................................................................1
B. Basic Separation Standards......................................................................................2
C. Exceptions to Basic Separation Standards...............................................................2
D. Special Provisions....................................................................................................2
E. Alternate Criteria for Construction..........................................................................3
Case 1: New Sewer Being Installed (Drawings 1 and 2) ......................................4
Case 2: New Water Mains Being Installed (Drawings 1 and 2) ............................5
F. Notes and Definitions ..............................................................................................6

ATTACHMENT 2 REQUEST FOR DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS

ATTACHMENT 3 ELECTRICAL STANDARDIZED DESIGNS AND
SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARD DRAWINGS

A-3.1 GENERAL

A-3.2 ELECTRICAL STANDARDIZED DESIGNS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Section 16040 - Electric Motors
Section 16110 - Raceways, Fittings, and Supports
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Section 16120 - Wire and Cable
Section 16130 - Junction and Device Boxes and Fittings
Section 16150 - Wiring Devices
Section 16155 - Motor Starters
Section 16160 - Control Cabinets and Panel Devices
Section 16400 - Electrical Service Equipment
Section 16440 - Disconnect Switches and Fuses
Section 16450 - Grounding
Section 16460 - Dry Type Transformers
Section 16470 - Panel Boards
Section 16480 - Motor Control Centers
Section 16500 - Lighting Fixtures
Section 16700 - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Gas
Detection And Intrusion Systems
Section 16900 - Controls and Instrumentation

A-3.3 STANDARD DRAWINGS (FIGURES 1 thru 30)

File Name Figure Title

E1.dgn SE-1 Typical Electrical Symbols and legends

E2.dgn SE-2 Typical Electrical Symbols and legends

E3.dgn SE-3 Site Plan and Notes

E4.dgn SE-4 Typical Single Line Diagrams

E5.dgn SE-5 Typical MCC Details, Light Fixture
Schedule

E6.dgn SE-6 Typical Conduit Schedules

E7.dgn SE-7 Typical Roof Level Power and Lighting
Plans

E8.dgn SE-8 Typical Generator Room Level Power Plan

E9.dgn SE-9 Typical Generator Room Level Lighting
Plan

E10.dgn SE-10 Typical Pump Room Level Power and
Lighting Plan

E11.dgn SE-11 Typical Panel Schedule and Details

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E12.dgn SE-12 Typical Miscellaneous Details

SPS9A_16.dgn SE-13 WWCD SCADA Project, Standard Sewer
Pump Station, Pump No.1 Control
Schematic

Pump Station, Pump No. 2 Control
Schematic

Pump Station, Pump No. 3 Control
Schematic

3PUMP_3.dgn SE-16 WWCD SCADA Project Standard Sewer
Pump Station, Pump Control Schematic
Power Distribution

3PUMP_4.dgn SE-17 WWCD SCADA Project, Standard Sewer
Pump Station Pump Control Schematic
Pump No.1

Pump No.2

3PUMP_6.dgn SE-19 WCD SCADA Project, Standard Sewer
Pump Station Pump Control schematic
Pump No.3

Gas/Generator Monitoring

Pump Alarms

Level Control Monitoring

Pump No. 1 PLC Discrete Inputs

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Pump No. 2 PLC Discrete Inputs

Pump No.3 PLC Discrete Inputs

Pump Station Pump Control Schematic Gas
Generator PLC Discrete Inputs

Pump Station Pump Control Schematic PLC
Discrete Outputs

Pump Station Pump Control Schematic PLC
Discrete Outputs

Pump Station Pump ControlPanel
Outside Elevation

Pump Station Pump Control Panel Inside
Elevation

A-3.4 CONTROL SCHEMATIC FLOW CHARTS (FIGURES 1 thru 2)

FIGURE_1.dgn 1 Level Monitoring and Scaling
FIGURE_2.dgn 2 Initial Pump Calls
FIGURE_3.dgn 3 Check Valve Fail
FIGURE_4.dgn 4 Pump N Availability
FIGURE_5.dgn 5 Pump N Run Time Service Call
FIGURE_6.dgn 6 Pump Run Time Out
FIGURE_7.dgn 7 Pump N Run Sequence Fail
FIGURE_8.dgn 8 Pump N Fail/Alarm
FIGURE_9.dgn 9 Call 1 Pump Sequence Typical for
All Calls
FIGURE_10.dgn 10 Station Power Monitor
FIGURE_11.dgn 11 Hardwired Float Switch Level Monitoring
FIGURE_12.dgn 12 Station Communications via Radio

A-3.5 SCADA OVERVIEW BLOCK DIAGRAMS (FIGURES 1 thru 3)
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FIGURE_1.dgn 1 WWCD SCADA Project Sewer Pump
Station Programmable Logic Controller
Interconnect Diagram

FIGURE_2.dgn 2 WWCD SCADA Project Repeater Station
Programmable Logic Controller and
Radio Component

FIGURE_3.dgn 3 WWCD SCADA Project Communication
Schematic
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Introduction 1 October 2004
SEWER DESIGN GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

This Sewer Design Guide sets forth criteria to be used for the design of sewer systems
which may consist of pump stations, gravity sewers, force mains, and related
appurtenances. It includes criteria for determining capacity and sizing of pump stations,
gravity sewers and force mains, alignment of gravity sewers and force mains, estimating
wastewater flow rates, design of bridge crossings, and corrosion control requirements.

The DESIGN ENGINEER for a sewer system, especially pump stations, shall coordinate
their design with the appropriate City departments to ensure that their project is part of
the City=s master plan for the affected conveyance system. The DESIGN ENGINEER
shall also determine and ensure that there is capacity in the sewer system downstream of
the tributary areas planned for development. Project applicants shall contact the
Development Services Senior Civil Engineer when the wastewater flow estimates of
individual areas planned for development generate more than 5 percent of the wastewater
stream at the point of connection with the City=s sewer lines and to verify that
downstream mains are not identified on the City=s list of critical sewers. The intent of
this requirement is to ensure that flows from new projects will not adversely affect the
downstream conveyance systems operated by the City and to ensure that previous studies
have accounted for those flows in the design of the City=s downstream conveyance
systems.

There may be some equipment brand names or specific manufacturers mentioned by
name in this Sewer Design Guide. The purpose of mentioning these names is primarily to
establish a level of quality rather than to restrict the procurement to only the named
manufacturers. In some cases, the City Project Manager, the City DESIGN ENGINEER,
or the Development Services Senior Civil Engineer may direct the DESIGN ENGINEER
or land developers to specify brand names to match existing equipment or for safety and
maintenance-related reasons. In such cases, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall specify the
brand names of the designated manufacturers.

The focus of this Sewer Design Guide is the design of sewer systems which may include
pump stations with a capacity of less than 3 million gallons per day (mgd) and trunk
sewers. For pump stations greater than 3 mgd, the design criteria are provided in the
Clean Water Program (CWP) Guidelines (Volume I through Volume X). However, it
should be noted that the CWP Guidelines are written primarily for facilities related to
wastewater treatment and reclamation plants, including large influent pump stations on
major trunk and interceptor sewers. Consultants and design engineers should recognize
that this limit of 3 MGD is somewhat arbitrary and could be changed on the basis of
project needs. The Development Services Senior Civil Engineer, or the City Project
Manager, in consultation with the Wastewater Collection Division, which has the ultimate
responsibility for operating and maintaining the City=s sewer system, may revise this limit
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October 2004 2 Introduction
on a case by case basis.

It should be understood that the design of a pump station will require specifications in
other disciplines such as civil, structural, mechanical, and architectural. Sample
specifications in these disciplines are found in Volumes V and VI of the CWP Guidelines.
The DESIGN ENGINEER should use the specifications in these two volumes as
applicable to their project. There may be other project specifications not covered by this
Sewer Design Guide or by the CWP Guidelines. It shall be the responsibility of the
DESIGN ENGINEER to develop specifications for those other project disciplines from
their own resources. When using the referenced Design Standards and Specifications, or
other specifications included in Volumes V and VI of the CWP Guidelines, it is the
responsibility of the DESIGN ENGINEER to modify or provide design documents
adequate to meet the needs of each specific project.

This Sewer Design Guide governs all public sewer systems which are maintained by the
Metropolitan Wastewater Department as well as those private mains which serve multiple
lots. Private mains which serve only one lot are governed by the applicable sections of
the adopted plumbing code and require a private plumbing permit.

DEVIATIONS FROM THE SEWER DESIGN GUIDE

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall direct all project specific deviations from the Sewer
Design Guide, and/or other referenced specifications, to the attention of the City Senior
Civil Engineer. The City Senior Civil Engineer, in consultation with the Project Engineer
and other staff, will evaluate the request for deviation and, based on the evaluation, will
decide whether to accept or reject the proposed deviation. The DESIGN ENGINEER
shall prepare the request for deviation using the format of ATTACHMENT 2 which is
included as a part of this document
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Chapter 1 1-1 October 2004
CHAPTER 1 SEWER SYSTEM PLANNING

1.1 GENERAL

This Chapter covers criteria for estimating wastewater flows, sewer flow rates,
pipe sizing, separation of force mains and sewer mains from other utilities,
and basic criteria for planning sewer pump stations. An approved sewer
planning study shall identify pipe diameters and alignments of all proposed
and existing sewer mains and shall include a summary of the estimated sewer
flows, hydraulic calculations, separation of mains, capacity, depth, and slope
of pipelines, and maps. Citizens and regulatory agencies understand that the
design, location, and installation of sewer systems can substantially impact
quality of life, safety, and the environment. As a result, the design of sewer
systems must be an integral part of the overall planning effort early on in the
life of a project. Where good design alone cannot satisfy the needs and
requirements of the public, city planners, regulatory agencies, and the Senior
Civil Engineer will endeavor to work with the designer to resolve conflicts
which may arise. Where difficulties are encountered, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall meet with the Senior Civil Engineer during the preliminary
engineering phase.

1.2 PRELIMINARY PROJECT PLANNING

1.2.1 Alignment and Grade of Mains

1.2.1.1 New Mains

Community plans and new developments shall be designed to accommodate
gravity sewer facilities at standard depth and grade, and shall be located
within street right-of-way, wherever possible. A gravity sewer system shall
typically be accomplished through land form modification, re- grading and
contouring, and street layout. In general, sewer mains shall be aligned in
streets where at all possible. However, where new sewers must be located in
canyons and other environmentally sensitive lands, pipeline planning, design,
construction and requirements of the Maintenance Access Plan shall comply
with Council Policies 400-13 and 400-14. Sewer mains serving only one
property shall be private, and shall be permitted as part of the Plumbing
Permit.

1.2.1.2 Relocated Mains

Sewer mains installed to replace existing facilities in existing developed lands
shall generally follow existing alignments, but may be realigned as deemed
necessary to achieve optimum flow conditions, reasonable access, and
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October 2004 1-2 Chapter 1
separation from existing utility infrastructures. Where possible, existing
sewer mains in easements shall be relocated to nearby streets and all existing
sewer laterals rerouted. In general, every effort shall be made to avoid the
installation of pumps on either relocated sewer mains or impacted sewer
laterals. If an adjacent sewer is located in open space, the project shall relocate
the sewer main within the limits of the project where possible. Where
existing sewers are located in canyons and other environmentally sensitive
lands, pipeline planning, design, construction and requirements of the
Maintenance Access Plan shall comply with Council Policies 400-13 and 400-
14

1.2.1.3 Precedence of Sewer Facilities

When a project and/or portion of a project cannot be reasonably designed to
meet the requirements listed above, the sewer system shall be designed with
the following types of facilities, listed below in order of precedence:

1) Gravity sewers in private paved streets, alleys, or parking lots.

2) Gravity sewers in readily accessible park green belt lands, with paved
sewer access roads.

3) Pump stations or gravity sewers in canyons and/or environmentally
sensitive lands with permanent sewer access roads provided. In such
cases, the designer shall ensure the project complies with the
requirements of Council Policies 400-13 and 400-14.

1.2.1.4 Private Mains

Where mains are within private property and serve only that property, the
mains shall be private and shall require a plumbing permit. An example
would be an apartment complex or a condominium complex where no offsite
flows contribute to the onsite main. In a condominium project where each
unit fronts a public street or public alley, and each of the units is served by an
individual lateral, the main may be public. In such cases, covenants,
conditions and restrictions (CC&R) may be written so that the owner of each
unit is responsible for his/her own lateral.

Onsite private mains shall be designed and constructed to the Uniform
Plumbing Code as adopted by the City of San Diego. If improvements other
than retaining walls are constructed as part of the mass grading permit, then
the engineer is responsible to obtain a separate plumbing permit for onsite
private mains. If site improvements are to be constructed with the building,
then the project building engineer or the architect in the absence of the
engineer shall be responsible for ensuring that a separate plumbing permit is
acquired for all onsite sewer mains to the point of connection to the main as
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shown on the public improvement drawings.

1.2.1.5 Easement for Mains

Public mains, outside of the public right-of-way, shall have permanent
easements of adequate width for maintenance, repair, and replacement, and
rehabilitation. All appurtenances and isolated reaches of main shall have
permanent access easements for rehabilitation and maintenance
vehicles/equipment. Please refer to Chapter 3 for specific requirements.

1.2.2 Pump Station Location

Community plans and new developments shall be designed to eliminate the
need for pump stations whenever possible. However, in canyons and
environmentally sensitive lands, the need for a pump station shall be
considered against other options in conformity with Council Policies 400-13
and 400-14.

1.2.3 Sewers in Canyons and Environmentally Sensitive Lands

Sewer mains in environmentally sensitive lands, canyons or preserves shall be
limited and shall comply with Council Policies 400-13 and 400-14. However,
if such areas must be impacted, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall consider the
following:

a. For new development without access to an existing canyon sewer, the
entire sewer system shall be located within the areas of the subdivision
to be developed. This will require coordination between adjacent
canyon rim (and perhaps other) developments and may include
appropriate location and grade of streets, land form modification, etc.

b. For sewer main replacement projects in canyons within existing
developed areas, every attempt shall be made to relocate the canyon
sewer mains and their connected sewer laterals to nearby City streets.

c. As development/redevelopment occurs, existing sewers in
environmentally sensitive areas shall be relocated to streets or other
appropriate areas where possible.

d. Where a canyon sewer main currently exists with capacity to serve new
development, the number of sewer mains penetrating the canyon from
new development shall be limited. This shall require coordination with
other new developments wishing to access the same canyon sewer main.
Sewer main access roads shall be provided to the point of connection
and to the extent of all new manholes, and shall be coordinated with
other access requirements, such as equestrian, pedestrian, or multiple-
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use recreational trails. However, all sewer access in canyons or other
environmentally sensitive lands shall be designed in conformance with
Council Policies 400-13 and 400-14.

e. To assist in determining where to direct sewer flow or when new sewer
facilities may be located within canyons and environmentally sensitive
lands, a cost-benefit analysis shall be conducted per Council Policy 400-
14.

f. Sewer access roads that penetrate into canyons shall not exceed the
maximum allowable slope and shall be aligned along the centerline of
the sewer main as much as practicable.

g. To assist in determining where new sewer facilities and sewer access
roads may be located within canyons and environmentally sensitive
lands, a Sewer Maintenance Plan shall be prepared in accordance with
Council Policy 400-13.

1.3 PLANNING STUDY

1.3.1 General Requirements for Studies

For new a development and/or redevelopment, a sewer planning study for
proposed and/or existing sewer facilities shall be prepared, as directed by the
Senior Civil Engineer. A minimum of three (3) copies of the planning study
shall be submitted, each stamped and wet/electronically signed by a Civil
Engineer registered in the State of California. Each study shall be bound and
formatted in accordance with this Sewer Design Guide and/or the Clean Water
Program (CWP) Guidelines.

For new a development, the planning study shall include land use maps and
must be approved prior to approval of the tentative map.

1.3.1.1 Capacity

For new a development and/or redevelopment, the planning study shall
address the capacity of all sewer collection and trunk sewer systems that will
be impacted downstream of the new development and/or redevelopment and
shall demonstrate that sewer capacity is available in those systems to
accommodate the new development and/or redevelopment (refer to Section
1.7). Authorization and approval to impact any downstream sewer system
must be obtained from the reviewing Senior Civil Engineer. If such
downstream sewer system has already been identified as critical or sub-critical
in a monitoring report, the Senior Civil Engineer may require additional field
monitoring of such downstream sewer systems to determine if adequate
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capacity is available.

For an existing development and/or redevelopment, the planning study shall
address the existing capacity within the existing sewer collection system, and
identify all existing facilities whose capacity will be exceeded by projected
sewage flows.

Where available capacity will be exceeded, the planning study shall propose
up-sizing of sewer facilities in accordance with Subsection 1.3.3.

1.3.1.2 Drainage Basin

For a new development, the planning study shall address the sewage
generating potential of the entire drainage basin within which the new
development is located. It shall also include current topographic maps of the
entire drainage basin and any and all adjacent new developments for which a
planning study has not yet been submitted and/or approved. The maps shall
demonstrate that no adjacent development will be precluded from obtaining
sewer service, including potential and existing pumped lands outside of the
drainage basin and any lands outside of the incorporated boundaries of the
City of San Diego with potential to be served, where no current master
sewerage plan exists. The planning study shall also show all desired sewer
system alignments, superimposed upon planned street alignments, and
potential points of entry of sewage from surrounding lands.

1.3.1.3 Depth of Mains

The planning study shall clearly identify all existing or proposed facilities
which will exceed standard depths for sewer mains as defined in Subsection
2.2.1.5. In cases where sewer depths are proposed to exceed 15 feet in depth,
a request for design deviation (ATTACHMENT 2) must be submitted to the
Senior Civil Engineer with the Sewer Planning Study. A design deviation will
only be approved in exceptional cases and when adequate justification is
provided.

1.3.1.4 Existing Studies

The City of San Diego maintains an extensive library of sewer planning
studies which were prepared for lands throughout the City. These studies are
available for review at the Wastewater Section, Development Services
Department. All studies are catalogued by subdivision or trunk sewer name.
Logs of sewer flow study analyses for recently monitored trunk sewers and a
map of sewers which meet the Regional Water Quality Control Board
(RWQCB) criteria for being critical or sub-critical may also be viewed. In
addition, information regarding proposed Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
projects within the vicinity of a given project may be requested. In many
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cases, an addendum or reference to one of the existing planning studies may
be acceptable in lieu of an independent study. Concurrent with the preparation
of planning studies for sewers proposed to connect to existing canyon sewer
mains, a study of flow redirection per Council Policy 400-13 and a cost-
benefit analysis per Council Policy 400-14 shall be prepared. An existing
analysis of redirection of flows and a cost-benefit analysis as required by
Council Policies 400-13 and 400-14 respectively may be available for
reference for various canyon sewers.

1.3.2 Flow Estimation

1.3.2.1 Land Use

Present or future allowable land use, whichever results in higher equivalent
population, shall be used to generate potential sewage flows.

1.3.2.2 Flow Determination

Flow definitions and calculation procedures are listed below.

All calculations shall be tabulated for each sewer main section (manhole to
manhole) in the format shown on Figure 1-2.

Equivalent Population: The equivalent population shall be calculated from
zoning information (ref. section 1.6). For major new facilities such as high
rise apartment buildings, flow rates shall be checked based on the most
current, adopted edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code, assuming one lateral.
The most conservative flow rate shall govern.

Daily Per Capita Sewer Flow: The sewer flow for the equivalent population
shall be per capita 80 gallons per day (gpd).

Average Dry Weather Flow (ADWF): Equivalent populations shall be used to
calculate the average dry weather flow. The average dry weather flow for
each sewer main reach (manhole to manhole) shall be determined by
multiplying the total accumulated equivalent population contributing to that
reach by 80 gallons per day:

Average Dry Weather Flow = (80 gpd) x (Equivalent Population)

Peaking Factor for Dry Weather (PFDW): The peaking factor is the ratio of
peak dry weather flow to average dry weather flow. It is dependent upon the
equivalent population within a tributary area. The tributary area is the area
upstream of, and including, the current reach for the total flow in each reach
of pipe. Figure 1-1, consisting of the table prepared by Holmes and Narver in
1960, shall be used to determine peaking factors for each tributary area. In no
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instance shall the peaking factor for dry weather be lower than 1.5.

Peak Dry Weather Flow (PDWF): The peak dry weather flow for each sewer
main reach shall be determined by multiplying the average dry weather flow
by the appropriate peaking factor (Note that peak dry weather flows are not
algebraically cumulative as routed through the sewer system, i.e. the peak dry
weather flow at any point shall be based on the equivalent population in the
basin to that point (ref. Figure 1-2).

Peak Dry Weather Flow = (Average Dry Weather Flow) x (Peaking
Factor for Dry Weather)

Peaking Factor for Wet Weather (PFWW): The peaking factor for wet
weather is the ratio of peak wet weather flow to average dry weather flow. It
is basin-specific and shall be based on essential information available at the
time of the planning study. Information such as historical rainfall/sewage
flow data, land use, soil data, pipe/manhole age, materials and conditions,
groundwater elevations, inflow and infiltration (I/I) studies etc., should be
utilized in the wet weather analysis to estimate the peaking factor for wet
weather. Upward adjustments shall be made in areas with expected high
inflow and infiltration (i.e. high ground water or in areas with lush
landscaping schemes such as in effluent irrigated areas). Permanent flow
meters are installed throughout the Citys sewer system. Flow data collected
from these meters are available upon request. The objective of this analysis is
to quantify the magnitude of peak wet weather flow with a 10-year return
period on a statistical basis.

The Senior Civil Engineer overseeing the preparation of the planning
study shall approve this peaking factor.

Peak Wet Weather Flow (PWWF): The peak wet weather flow for each sewer
main reach shall be determined by multiplying the average dry weather flow
by the appropriate peaking factor for wet weather (ref. Figure 1-2). The peak
wet weather flow is the design flow for gravity sewers. It is determined at any
point in the system based on the associated upstream average dry weather
flow in the basis to that point times the peaking factor for wet weather.

Peak Wet Weather Flow (i.e. Design Flow for Gravity Sewers) = (Average
Dry Weather Flow) x (Peaking Factor for Wet Weather Flow).

1.3.3 Pipe Sizing Criteria

1.3.3.1 Hydraulic Requirements

Mannings formula for open channel flows shall be used to calculate flows in
gravity sewer mains. Manning's coefficient of roughness "n" shall be assumed
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to be 0.013 for all types of sewer pipe. Sewer grades shall be designed for
velocities of 3 to 5 feet per second (fps) where possible. This is extremely
important in areas where peak flow will not be achieved for many years. The
minimum allowable velocity is 2 fps at calculated peak dry weather flow,
excluding infiltration. Sewer mains that do not sustain 2 fps at peak flows
shall be designed to have a minimum slope of 1 percent. Additional slope may
be required by the Senior Civil Engineer where fill of varied depth is placed
below the pipe in order to provide adequate slope after expected settlement
occurs. The maximum allowable velocity shall be 10 fps and shall be avoided
by adjusting slopes or by utilizing a vertical curve transition to lower
velocities per subsections 2.2.4 and 2.2.9.4. If the Senior Civil Engineer
approves a velocity greater than 10 fps the pipe shall be upgraded to SDR 18
PVC (standard dimension ratio polyvinyl chloride) concrete encased VC
(vitrified clay), or PVC sheet lined reinforced concrete pipe.

1.3.3.2 Slope

Slope shall be calculated as the difference in elevation at each end of the pipe
divided by the horizontal length of the pipe, and shall be a constant value
between manholes.

1.3.3.3 Ratio of Depth of Flow to Pipe Diameter (d
n
/D)

New sewer mains 15 inches and smaller in diameter shall be sized to carry the
projected peak wet weather flow at a depth not greater than half of the inside
diameter of the pipe (d
n
/D not to exceed 0.5). New sewer mains 18 inches and
larger in diameter shall be sized to carry the projected peak wet weather flow
at a depth of flow not greater than 3/4 of the inside diameter of the pipe (d
n
/D
not to exceed 0.75).

1.3.3.4 Minimum Pipe Sizes

The size of a sewer pipe is defined as the inside diameter of the pipe. Sewer
mains shall be a minimum of 8 inches in diameter in residential areas, and a
minimum of 10 inches in diameter in commercial, industrial, and high-rise
building areas per Council Policy 600-04.

1.3.4 Map Criteria

Include the following on the map for the wastewater planning study for new
development projects:

a. Work order numbers, tentative map numbers, and any discretionary
permit numbers [i.e. Conditional Use Permit (CUP), Planned Residential
Development (PRD), or Planned Industrial Development (PID)].
b. Project name.
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c. Vicinity map.

d. Scale of sufficient size to accommodate the details required by this list.
Minimum Scale 1" = 100'

e. Reference drawing numbers for existing sewer mains.

f. Limits of the project area.

g. Streets with names or distinguishing labels and dimensions.

h. All existing and proposed utilities with adequate separation, whether in
streets, side yards, or canyon slopes.

i. Existing and proposed sewer mains labeled as public or private.

j. Depths of all sewer mains which exceed standard depths.

k. All existing and proposed sewer and access easements. Indicate
whether these will be permanent, to be abandoned after construction, or
will be dedicated.

l. Paved width of all easements and connections to streets and manholes.

m. Typical bench section for limits of easement width and paving.

n. Topography of the entire drainage basin and the proposed development.

o. Copies of grading plans or elevations for existing and proposed grades
throughout the project area.

p. Manhole numbers and reach or pipe segment numbers for ease of
comparison with the flow data in the Sewer Study Summary (Figure 1-
2). Label all points of connection where project flows discharge to
existing facilities and, where applicable, to the terminus of the study
area. For off-site sewer mains, show information for a minimum of two
reaches upstream and downstream in accordance with Subsection 1.7.1.

q. Pipes labeled with size, type, flow direction, and slope.

r. Manholes, within the limits of the project area, shown with rim elevation
and invert elevation. Note that sewer depth information is more critical
where the mains are not at standard depths (refer to section 2.2.1.5),
where they are located in easements, where off-site flows join the
project area, or where grading is proposed over existing facilities.

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s. Number of dwelling units per pipe reach. Equivalent dwelling units per
each reach shall be identified beginning from the most upstream
manhole to the downstream end of project boundary.

t. Land use areas labeled as single family residential, multi- family
residential, commercial, industrial, schools, parks, open space, multiple
habitat preservation area (MHPA), multiple species conservation
program area (MSCP), stream beds or 100-year flood area.

u. Location of all proposed pump stations. Label all pump stations as
public or private. For public pump stations, show access roads and lots
as dedicated in fee title to the City of San Diego. All pipe systems
upstream of private pump stations shall be clearly labeled private.

v. Clearly indicate any sewer facilities proposed in canyons and
environmentally sensitive lands. Show any required sewer access roads
in order to implement the sewer maintenance plan to be developed as
part of the planning study (refer to Council Policy 400-13).

1.4 SEPARATION OF MAINS

1.4.1 Horizontal Separation

The separation of water, sewer, and reclaimed water mains shall comply with
the State of California Department of Health Services Criteria for the
Separation of Water Mains and Sanitary Sewers (ATTACHMENT 1). At
least 10 feet of horizontal separation shall be maintained between the nearest
outer surfaces of sewer lines, potable water mains, and/or reclaimed water
mains. More stringent separation requirements may be necessary if unusual
conditions, such as high groundwater levels exist (Ref. State of California
Blue Book). If a horizontal separation of 10 feet is not possible, a reduced
separation may be permitted by the City provided the structural integrity of
both the pipe and the pipe joints is upgraded in accordance with the State of
California Department of Health Services Criteria for the Separation of Water
Mains and Sanitary Sewers - Special Provisions, and provided it has been
reviewed and written approval has been obtained from the California
Department of Health Services, Drinking Water Field Operations Branch.
This deviation is not applicable for subdivisions, or where sewers are placed
in new streets. Lateral connections to sewer mains typically do not meet the
upgraded joint requirements for reduced separation. In some cases,
exceptions to the basic separation standards may require written approval
from the appropriate health agency. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall refer to
the State of California Department of Health Services Criteria for the
Separation of Water Mains and Sanitary Sewers (ATTACHMENT 1). In no
case shall sewer mains, potable water mains, and/or reclaimed water mains
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occupy the same trench, nor shall the horizontal separation be less than 4 feet.
All installations of sewer mains which fail to comply with the basic separation
standards must be reviewed and approved by the State of California
Department of Health Services.

1.4.2 Vertical Separation

1.4.2.1 Shallow Mains, General

Shallow mains require a special design. Review and written approval is
required from the California Department of Health Services, Drinking Water
Field Operations Branch for deviations from vertical separation requirements
for water and sewer utilities (see ATTACHMENT 1). For mains less than 4
feet deep, special design shall be required for dead loads and linear deflections
which shall include evaluation of pavement deflections (Refer to State of
California Department of Health Services Criteria for Separation of Water
Mains and Sanitary Sewers, ATTACHMENT 1.)

1.4.2.2 Parallel Mains

Potable water, reclaimed water, and sewer mains shall be located at various
depths below the ground surface, in order of descending water quality.
Potable water pipelines shall be located above both reclaimed water pipes and
sewer mains, and reclaimed water mains shall be located above sewer mains.
Minimum vertical separation shall be one foot in elevation between top and
bottom surfaces of pipes in the same street or easement.

1.4.2.3 Crossing Mains

Minimum vertical separation shall be 12 inches between the top and bottom
surfaces of crossing utility conduits and shall comply with the State of
California Department of Health Services Criteria for the Separation of Water
Mains and Sanitary Sewers (ATTACHMENT 1). Separation measurements
shall be taken from the outer most surface of any pipeline protection (i.e.
concrete encasement or steel sleeve) which may be installed. Where the
vertical separation is less than 12 inches, a request for design deviation
(ATTACHMENT 2), with justification, shall be submitted for review. If
approved, for pipes 12 inches or less in diameter, a 12- inch sand cushion, or
alternatively a minimum 6- inch sand cushion with 1 inch neoprene pad shall
be used. Separations of less than 7 inches will not be allowed by the City. For
skewed main crossings, see Subsection 2.2.6.

1.4.3 Separation for Other Utility Pipes and Cable Conduits

Other utility pipes, conduits, and cable lines shall be governed by their
respective franchise agreement with the City of San Diego. A 10- foot
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horizontal separation is desirable between sewer mains and any other utility
infrastructure. Separations of less than 10 feet must be approved by the
Wastewater Section Senior Civil Engineer. Additional separation may be
required for sewer mains which exceed 10 feet in depth. The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall consider the relative depth of adjacent utilities and the
stability of the soils where the sewer shall be constructed when designing the
separation from other utilities. Refer to San Diego Regional Standard
Drawing (SDRSD) M-22 and City of San Diego Drawing SDM-111 for
standard locations of utilities in streets.

1.5 PUMP STATION PLANNING CRITERIA

If at all possible, the use of sewer pump stations is to be avoided. However, in
cases where constraints such as topography and environmentally sensitive
habitat dictate, a pump station may be necessary (Ref. Council Policies 400-
13 and 400-14). In cases where only a small tributary area is to be served by a
pump station, the City will accept the facility as public only if it can be shown
that the capitalized cost of facility replacement and maintenance will not
exceed 50% of the standard sewer fees for the area to be served. Otherwise,
the pump station must be privately owned, maintained and operated. In cases
where a pump station will be a public facility, specific criteria for the design,
construction, and operational testing of sewer pump stations are given in
Chapter 7.

1.5.1 Pump Station Design Capacity

The Pump Station Design Capacity shall be calculated as follows:

Pump Station Design Capacity (PSDC): Pump stations shall be designed to
pump the calculated peak wet weather flow from the upstream tributary area.

Pump Station Reserve Capacity Factor (PSRCF): This is a safety factor that
takes into account that service pumps will generally not be operating at their
full intended design capacity due to mechanical wear and the subsequent loss
of efficiency, and increases in force main friction loss due to the deposition of
solids and grit. The reserve capacity factor shall be 1.0 if two (2) hours
emergency storage (refer to Section 7.2.6.7) or six hours emergency storage
(refer to Section 7.2.7) are provided. Where this storage is not provided in
design, then a reserve capacity factor greater than 1.0 shall be us ed and
an appropriate factor shall be evaluated for approval on a case-by-case
basis by the Senior Civil Engineer overseeing the preparation of the
planning study.

Pump Station Design Capacity = (Peak Wet Weather Flow) x (Pump Station
Reserve Capacity Factor)

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1.5.2 Private Pump Stations

Private pump stations (serving more than one lot) shall not be located in the
public right-of-way. The pump station design capacity for private pump
stations shall be determined in the same manner as for public pump stations.
Wet well detention times shall not exceed 4 hours. Private pump stations shall
require separate structural, mechanical, and electrical permits from the City of
San Diego, Building Development Review Division. However, private pump
station plans are not reviewed for compliance with City of San Diego Sewer
Design Guide criteria. As such, it shall be the responsibility of the DESIGN
ENGINEER to ensure that all private pump stations are adequately sized, have
sufficient redundant measures (dual force mains, backup power supply, auto
dialer alarm system to a licensed plumber with 24-hour response, etc.), and
comply with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations which may
apply. In the design of such facilities, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall utilize
sound engineering judgment to provide for an adequate design for any
potential failures which could occur during the service life of the pump
station. A letter of agreement shall be recorded against each lot served by the
pump station (Property Title Information).

1.6 ZONE - DENSITY CONVERSIONS

Table 1-1 shall be used in planning studies to determine the equivalent
population for a given land use. These tabulated figures represent a general
case analysis. When more accurate or detailed information, such as fixture
unit counts, is available, Table 1-1 shall not be used.

1.7 REQUIRED CAPACITY IN EXISTING SEWER SYSTEMS
DOWNSTREAM OF NEW FACILITIES

1.7.1 Required Capacity Downstream of New Gravity Sewers

In developed lands the projected peak wet weather flow from the proposed
new development (Ref. Subsection 1.3.2.2) will be added to the field
measured maximum flow in the downstream sewer to determine if the
projected d
n
/D in the downstream sewer will comply with the depth criteria
described in Subsection 1.3.3.3. If these criteria are not met, a comprehensive
sewer study of the area shall be prepared.

The downstream system shall be studied to the point in the system where the
projected peak wet weather flow from the proposed new development is less
than 10% of the total flow. All sewers to this point are required to carry the
total flow per the depth criteria described in the above paragraph. The
existing system to be studied shall not be less than two pipe reaches (i.e.
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manhole to manhole) from the point of discharge of the new development into
the existing system.

1.7.2 Required Capacity Downstream of New Pump Stations

In developed lands, the discharge of the pump station design capacity from the
proposed new development will be added to the field measured maximum
flow in the existing downstream sewer to determine if the projected d
n
/D will
comply with the depth criteria described in Subsection 1.3.3.3. If these
criteria are not met, a comprehensive sewer study of the area shall be
prepared.

The sewer system downstream of the pump station discharge point shall be
designed for the cyclical effect (i.e. on/off pumping) downstream of the pump
station. Use the discharge of the pump station design capacity from the
proposed new development as the flow contribution of the tributary area. The
cyclical effect of the pump station may be considered negligible when the
discharge of the pump station design capacity is less than 10% of the total
flow. All sewers to this point are required to carry the total flow per the depth
criteria described in the above paragraph. The existing system studied shall
not be less than two pipe reaches (i.e. manhole to manhole) from the point of
discharge of the new improvements into the existing system.
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TABLE 1-1

CITY OF SAN DIEGO
DENSITY CONVERSIONS

Zone

Maximum
Density
(DU/Net Ac)

Population/(DU)

Equivalent
Population
(Pop/Net Ac)

AR-1-1, RE-1-1

0.1

3.5

0.4

RE-1-2

0.2

3.5

0.7

AR-1-2, RE-1-3

1

3.5

3.5

RS-1-1, RS-1-8

1

3.5

3.5

RS-1-2, RS-1-9

2

3.5

7.0

RS-1-3, RS-1-10

3

3.5

10.5

RS-1-4, RS-1-11

4

3.5

14.0

RS-1-5, RS-1-12

5

3.5

17.5

RS-1-6, RS-1-13

7

3.5

24.5

RS-1-7, RS-1-14

9

3.5

31.5

RX-1-1

11

3.4

37.4

RT-1-1

12

3.3

39.6

RX-1-2, RT-1-2, RU-1-1

14

3.2

44.8

RT-1-3, RM-1-2

17

3.1

52.7

RT-1-4

20

3.0

60.0

RM-1-3

22

3.0

66.0

RM-2-4

25

3.0

75.0

RM-2-5

29

3.0

87.0

RM-2-6

35

2.8

98.0

RM-3-7, RM-5-12

43

2.6

111.8

RM-3-8

54

2.4

129.6

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TABLE 1-1

CITY OF SAN DIEGO
DENSITY CONVERSIONS
(Continued)

Zone

Maximum
Density
(DU/Net Ac)

Population/(DU)

Equivalent
Population
(Pop/Net Ac)

RM-3-9

73

2.2

160.6

RM-4-10

109

1.8

196.2

RM-4-11

218

1.5

327.0

Schools/Public

8.9

3.5

31.2

Offices

10.9

3.5

38.2*

Commercial/Hotels

12.5

3.5

43.7*

Industrial

17.9

3.5

62.5*

Hospital

42.9

3.5

150.0*

Definitions:

DU = Dwelling Units
Ac = Acreage
Pop = Population

Net Acreage is the developable lot areas excluding areas that are dedicated as
public streets in acres. Gross Area is the entire area in acres of the drainage basin,
including lots, streets, etc.

For undeveloped areas, assume Net Acreage = 0.8 x Gross Area in Acres

For developed areas, calculate actual net acreage.

Tabulated figures are for general case. The tabulated figures shall not be used if
more accurate figures are available.

Population is based on actual equivalent dwelling units (EDU) or the maximum
estimate obtained from zoning.

Figures with asterisk (*) represent equivalent population per floor of the building.

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In high rise building areas, flow rates shall be based on the most current, adopted
edition of the plumbing code, assuming one lateral. The most conservative flow
rate shall govern.

CITY OF SAN DIEGO
METROPOLITAN WASTEWATER DEPARTMENT

PEAKING FACTOR FOR SEWER FLOWS
(Dry Weather)

Ratio of Peak to Average Flow*
Versus Tributary Population

Ratio of Peak to Ratio of Peak to
Population Average Flow Population Average Flow

200 4.00 4,800 2.01
500 3.00 5,000 2.00
800 2.75 5,200 1.99
900 2.60 5,500 1.97
1,000 2.50 6,000 1.95
1,100 2.47 6,200 1.94
1,200 2.45 6,400 1.93
1,300 2.43 6,900 1.91
1,400 2.40 7,300 1.90
1,500 2.38 7,500 1.89
1,600 2.36 8,100 1.87
1,700 2.34 8,400 1.86
1,750 2.33 9,100 1.84
1,800 2.32 9,600 1.83
1,850 2.31 10,000 1.82
1,900 2.30 11,500 1.80
2,000 2.29 13,000 1.78
2,150 2.27 14,500 1.76
2,225 2.25 15,000 1.75
2,300 2.24 16,000 1.74
2,375 2.23 16,700 1.73
2,425 2.22 17,400 1.72
2,500 2.21 18,000 1.71
2,600 2.20 18,900 1.70
2,625 2.19 19,800 1.69
2,675 2.18 21,500 1.68
2,775 2.17 22,600 1.67
2,850 2.16 25,000 1.65
3,000 2.14 26,500 1.64
3,100 2.13 28,000 1.63
3,200 2.12 32,000 1.61
3,500 2.10 36,000 1.59
3,600 2.09 38,000 1.58
3,700 2.08 42,000 1.57
3,800 2.07 49,000 1.55
3,900 2.06 54,000 1.54
4,000 2.05 60,000 1.53
4,200 2.04 70,000 1.52
4,400 2.03 90,000 1.51
4,600 2.02 100,000+ 1.50

*Based on formula: Peak Factor = 6.2945 x (pop)
-0.1342

(Holmes & Narver, 1960)
FIGURE 1-1
SEWER STUDY SUMMARY

SHEET ____ OF ____
DATE _____________

FOR _______________________________ REFER TO PLAN SHEET
JOB NO. _______________ BY _________________________________________________________ ______________________

Line From To Population
Per DU
In-Line
DUs
Population Served Sewage Per
Capita/Day
gpd
Avg. Dry
Weather
Flow
Dry Weather
Peaking
Factor
1

Peak Dry
Weather
Flow
Wet Weather
Peaking
Factor
2

Peak Wet Weat her Flow
(Design Flow)

Line Size
D (in)
Design
Slope (%)
Normal
Depth
dn
dn/D
Velocity
fps
Remarks
In-Line Cumulative
Total
mgd cfs

Note 1: Sewer Design Guide, Subsection 1.3.2.2 for definition of Dry Weather Peaking Factor.

Note 2: Sewer Design Guide, Subsection 1.3.2.2 for definition of Wet Weather Peaking Factor.

SEWER STUDY SUMMARY

FIGURE 1-2
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Sewer Design Guide
CHAPTER 2 GRAVITY SEWER SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 GENERAL

All wastewater conveyance system plans and plans for proposed
encroachments affected by such conveyance systems or access shall be routed
through the Development Services Department, Land Development Review
Division (LDRD), Wastewater Review Section.

The LDRD Wastewater Section shall distribute plans to all parties which will
be involved in subsequent review and shall consolidate comments with the
following exceptions:

For projects originated by the Water and Wastewater Facilities Division of the
Engineering & Capital Projects Department, and MWWD, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall submit the subsequent review documents directly to the
Wastewater Collection Division, with copies sent to LDRD, Wastewater
Review Section.

a. For projects that will be private, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide
subsequent review documents for the Mechanical Plan Check Section,
Development Services Department (DSD).

b. Geotechnical investigations shall be required for pipes 18 inches in
diameter and larger, but for pipes 15 inches and smaller in diameter the
requirement shall be on an as- needed basis. As a minimum, geotechnical
reports shall be required for the following conditions: where the sewer is
located at the toe of slopes, where fill is placed below the pipe, where tie
back shoring will be used, where drilled or driven piles are closer than
15 feet from any sewer main, where the main is within or crosses any
seismic fault, and where soils are expansive.

c. Special consideration shall be given to sewer segments which are
located in fill areas or where the sewer transitions from a cut to a fill
(refer to Subsections 2.2.2.3 and 2.2.3.3).

2.2 DESIGN OF SEWER MAINS

2.2.1 General Considerations

2.2.1.1 Determination of Allowable Loading

For determining the allowable loading on sewers, the DESIGN ENGINEER
shall use ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice - No. 60
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Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction

2.2.1.2 Design Deflection in PVC Pipe

In the design of PVC pipe in any size range, the maximum design deflection
shall not exceed 5 percent with a deflection lag factor of 1.5.

2.2.1.3 Traffic Loads, Dead Loads, and Other Loads

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall pay special attention to the design of sewer
pipes from the standpoint of traffic loads, dead loads, and other loads that the
pipes may be subjected to during their design life. Pipes that fall within 100-
year flood areas or below groundwater table shall be reviewed for hydrostatic
uplift.

Deflection of shallow mains with less than 4 feet of cover shall be minimized
by special design as required by the Senior Civil Engineer, in order to avoid
adverse effects on pavement sections.

2.2.1.4 Concrete Encasement/Casing

Special design including reinforced concrete encasement, casing/outer pipe, or
a combination of these methods may be required by the Senior Civil Engineer
due to the considerations in Subsection 2.2.1.3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
pipe shall not be used with concrete encasement or concrete cradle. A
reinforced concrete encasement may also be required where landscaping may
cause root intrusion. Only extra strength vitrified clay pipe or ductile iron
pipe shall be used with concrete encasement.

However, it does not preclude the placement of lean concrete backfill above
the limits of the rock envelope when using PVC pipe.

2.2.1.5 Depth of Mains

a. Projects shall be designed to achieve a cover of 7 feet to 9 feet wherever
possible.

b. Cover is defined as the vertical distance from the finished grade to the
top of the sewer main.

c. Mains with a depth of 15 feet or greater (distance between invert and
finished grade) shall require a Design Deviation Request according to
Subsection 1.3.1.3. A Design Deviation Request shall be submitted
(ATTACHMENT 2) and approval by the Senior Civil Engineer is
required. In addition, mains deeper than 20 feet, or mains 15 feet deep
with laterals, shall require special approval from the MWWD,
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Wastewater Collections Division, Deputy Director. Design Deviations
for depth will only be approved in exceptional cases and when adequate
justification is provided.

d. No lateral connections will be allowed on mains that exceed 20 feet in
depth. In those cases where mains are permitted to exceed 20 feet in
depth, and lateral connections are necessary, a parallel collector sewer
shall be required at standard depths.

e. In open space areas, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide sufficient
depth and/or special design at stream bed crossings and other locations
subject to erosion to assure protection from erosion.

2.2.1.6 Shallow Mains

Shallow mains require special designs (refer to Subsection 1.4.2). For mains
less than 4 feet deep, special design shall be required for dead load and linear
deflections which shall include evaluation of pavement section deflections.

Lined and coated ductile iron pipe or steel pipe may also be used in shallow
applications. If concrete encasement is not required for structural purposes,
pipe corrosion prevention requirements shall apply. Refer to Chapter 6
Corrosion Control for lining and coating requirements.

2.2.1.7 Depth of Dead-End Mains

Dead-end mains with the potential for future extension shall not be less than 7
feet in depth at the dead-end, and shall not preclude any property in the
upstream basin from obtaining sewer service. Deviations from such criteria
shall require approval by the Senior Civil Engineer. Grades shall be as
uniform as practical. For manhole requirements at dead-end mains, refer to
Subsection 2.3.1.5.

2.2.1.8. Redundant Sewers

Redundancy in the sewer system shall be provided if a sewer would be located
where it would preclude by-pass pumping in the event of a main failure, or
stoppage. Examples would be where a sewer crosses rail road tracks that
cannot be taken out of service, or in a CalTrans right-of-way where there is no
nearby local traffic bridge that can be used for the bypass. In these cases, an
empty encased concrete or steel sleeve must be provided parallel to the sewer
to the manhole on either side of the obstruction. A nearby parallel storm drain
may also be used for this purpose if there is excess capacity to accommodate
the by-pass high line, and where velocities in the storm drain are less than 4
feet per second during a storm event.

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2.2.2 Sewer Mains 15 Inches and Smaller in Diameter

2.2.2.1 Minimum Depths

New sewers shall be designed with minimum depths to provide at least a
sewer lateral depth of 5 feet at the property line (refer to City of San Diego
Standard Drawing SDS-100, and San Diego Regional Standard Drawing
(SDRSD) S-13). Lateral depth requirements shall be considered in sewer
replacement projects.

2.2.2.2 Changes in Direction

Sewer mains 15 inches in diameter and smaller shall not have a change of
horizontal direction greater than 90 degrees. Changes in direction shall occur
in manholes.

2.2.2.3 Requirements for Depths Greater Than 15 Feet

For mains 15 inches in diameter and smaller and at depths less than 20 feet,
the DESIGN ENGINEER may use City of San Diego Drawing SDS-101 for
PVC pipes. A soils report shall be required for pipes deeper than 15 feet to
verify the assumptions made in Note 1 of SDS-101. A geotechnical report and
settlement calculations are required in such cases in order to account for any
potential for differential settlement or other settlement that may detrimentally
affect the pipe slope. For mains 15 inches in diameter and smaller and at
depths between 15 feet and 20 feet, the DESIGN ENGINEER may use SDR
18 PVC pipe in lieu of a soils report to substantiate the standard assumption
given in Note 1 of SDS-101 (Refer to Section 2.2.1.5 above for conditions
requiring a design deviation request).

2.2.3 Sewer Mains 18 Inches and Larger in Diameter

2.2.3.1 Changes in Direction

The maximum change in direction for sewer mains 18 inches in diameter and
larger shall be 45 degrees. Changes in direction shall occur in a manhole,
vault, or junction structure. Criteria for determining the height of the manhole
shelf to accommodate the standing wave is found in Subsection 2.3.3. Sewers
27 inches in diameter and greater shall require special design for changes in
direction to assure laminar flow.

2.2.3.2 Requirements for Odorless Connection

If the proposed sewer or lateral is to connect directly to a trunk sewer (18
inches or larger) or to a sewer in which a corrosive atmosphere exists or is
anticipated, it shall be designed so as to prevent migration of gases into the
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proposed sewer or laterals. This can be achieved by a submerged discharge
into the main sewer under most anticipated low flow conditions. See
odorless connection detail, Figure 2-1.

2.2.3.3 Allowable Loading

For determining allowable loading on pipes of 18 inches in diameter or larger,
design assumptions shall be verified and pipe loading and bedding
calculations shall be required. A geotechnical report and settlement
calculations shall be required in such cases in order to account for any
potential for differential settlement or other settlement that may detrimentally
affect the pipe slope. All requirements of City of San Diego Drawing SDS-
101 shall be adhered to as a minimum when PVC pipe is used. All
calculations, soil reports and a geotechnical report for the sewer design shall
be submitted for approval by the City.

2.2.3.4 Shop Drawing/Material Submittal Requirements

For PVC lined concrete pipe (steel cylinder with Carnegie joint typically
will be required), shop drawings shall be submitted to the Senior Civil
Engineer for approval at least ten weeks prior to fabrication. For vitrified clay
and PVC lined concrete pipe, material submittals shall be submitted to the
Senior Civil Engineer for approval at least ten weeks prior to fabrication. A
list of shop drawings and submittal requirements shall be clearly defined on
the plans.

2.2.3.5 Trench Details

Trench details shall be shown on the plans for all sewer mains 18 inches in
diameter and larger.

2.2.4 Hydraulic Jumps

Hydraulic jumps (in order of preference) shall be:

a. Avoided
b. Minimized
c. Located in a pipe upstream of the manhole
d. Located in a manhole

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall use a vertical curve upstream of a manhole
before it reaches the manhole to provide a gradual transition from supercritical
flow (flow at a depth less than critical) to sub-critical flow (flow at a depth
greater than critical). The flow surface at the jump within a vertical curve
shall not exceed the d
n
/D ratio of 0.50 for all pipe diameters in accordance
with Subsection 1.3.3.3.
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For pipe diameters of 24 inches and less, the height of any hydraulic jump
shall not exceed 20 percent of the pipe diameter (d
n2
- d
n1
= 0.2D). For
diameters larger than 24 inches, any hydraulic jump requires review and
approval by the Senior Civil Engineer (refer to Subsection 2.3.5.3.d).

2.2.5 Alignment of Sewers

2.2.5.1 Sewers designed to serve the properties on both sides of a street shall be
located along the centerline of the street according to SDRSD M-22 and City
of San Diego Drawing SDM-111.

2.2.5.2 If the sewer will serve the property on one side of a street only, it may be
located on that side of the street if no potential conflict with other utilities
exists. If there will be or could be a raised median, the sewer shall be located
on the north or west side of the street a minimum of 5 feet from the median
curb, but shall be a minimum horizontal distance of 10 feet from any trees or
shrubs that are 3 feet or higher at maturity. In such cases, the sewer shall be
located in the center of the number one traffic lane or directly between the
number one and number two lanes, under the lane striping.

2.2.5.3 The minimum distance from the face of sewer main or manhole to the edge of
a street pavement shall be 10 feet. In exceptional cases, where the sewer must
be located less than 10 feet from the edge of a pavement, a request for design
deviation must be submitted (ATTACHMENT 2) and approval by the Senior
Civil Engineer shall be required. If a deviation is allowed, pipe upgrades such
as provision of a pipe sleeve shall be required to meet the intent of eliminating
root intrusion from sewers.

2.2.5.4 If the sewer will be located in a canyon area, the mains shall be located a
minimum of 30 feet from any riparian trees.

2.2.5.5 Sewer mains shall not be placed in areas of erosion or where the area over the
main will receive storm flows such as from a side canyon or storm drain
outlet. Cross gutters may be used where the flow during a 100-year storm
event is assumed not to exceed 9 inches and where the velocity is assumed not
to be problematic for maintenance vehicles. The entire flow must be
contained in the cross gutter and shall be designed with appropriate rip-rap,
gabions or other erosion control features. As an alternative, the flow may be
contained in an under-drain, with appropriately designed head wall and end
wall and energy dissipaters.

2.2.5.6 In accordance with the City of San Diego Street Design Manual, all site
grading must be directed to streets where there are curb and gutter to carry
storm flows. Alleys that take drainage from the surrounding properties are
inappropriate for locating sewer mains, unless it can be demonstrated that the
100-year storm event flows will not flow over the manhole covers (refer to
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Section 2.3.1.3.h). In some cases, it may be reasonable to intercept storm
flows on private property. The private storm drain system shall be maintained
by a home owners or business owners association.

2.2.5.7 In alleys or private driveways with an alley type section, the sewer main shall
be located north and/or west of the centerline when there is also an existing or
proposed water main in the roadway section. Otherwise, sewer mains shall be
located on the centerline. Utility spacing shall be per SDRSD M-22.

2.2.5.8 The sewer main shall be maintained 10 feet from the edge of paving and 15
feet from structures. The City of San Diego Street Design Manual calls for 5
feet setbacks for buildings adjacent to alleys.

2.2.5.9 In some cases, where the distance between the building and the sewer is
reduced to a minimum face-to- face distance of 10 feet, deep foundations may
be acceptable as alternatives. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall contact the
Associate Engineer at the Wastewater Review Section, Development Services
Department, for consultation. A cross section drawing and soils report shall
be submitted. If approved, a design deviation request shall be processed.

2.2.5.10 The minimum distance between the facing edges of proposed sewers and
parallel existing utilities shall be at least 10 feet. Deviations, if allowed, shall
be approved by the Wastewater Review Section Senior Civil Engineer.
Review and written approval shall be required from the California Department
of Health Services, Drinking Water Field Operations Branch, for separation
deviations between water, sewer or reclaimed water.

2.2.6 Utility Crossings

Long skew crossings under existing or proposed substructures and utilities
shall be avoided. Sewers shall cross substructures and utilities as close to
perpendicular as possible. Skew angles of less than 75 degrees shall be
avoided and shall require a request for design deviation (ATTACHMENT 2)
and approval by the Senior Civil Engineer.

2.2.7 Profile of Sewers

The profiles for pipes 18 inches in diameter and larger shall show the invert
and top of pipe elevations, and they shall include the following information
for each section of pipe. This information shall be shown for both the
calculated peak dry weather flow and approved peak wet weather flow to be
used in the design of the sewer (refer to Subsection 1.3.2.2 above).

Q = Design discharge in million gallons per day.
V = Design velocity in feet per second.
D = Inside diameter of pipe in inches.
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d
n
= Depth of design flow in inches.
d
n
/D = Ratio of depth at design flow divided by the pipe diameter.
n = Manning's "n" (0.013).

Sewer profiles shall be designed to provide a minimum velocity of 2 fps and
maximum velocity of 10 fps in the sewer main. (See Subsection 1.3.3)

2.2.8 Cutoff Walls

In unpaved areas with steep terrain, pipes and pipe bedding shall be protected by
cutoff walls per SDRSD S-10, Type A. In paved areas with steep terrain, pipe
shall be protected by concrete anchors per SDRSD S-9. Required intervals for
cutoff walls and concrete anchors shall be as shown in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1

INTERVAL OF CUTOFF WALLS OR CONCRETE ANCHORS

Slope (%)

Interval of Cutoff Walls or Concrete Anchors (Feet)

20 - 35

50

35 45

40

45 55

30

55 65

20

65 - 100

20 with cement treated sand encasement around the pipe.

Over 100

Special design.

In areas requiring cut-off walls, a geotextile fabric shall be placed around the
pipe bedding in order to prevent erosion of fine soil particles from the bedding
material.

2.2.9 Curvatures

Sewer mains may be constructed on curves provided that the curve radius can
accommodate standard pipe lengths; and provided the construction meets the
pipe manufacturers' recommendations and the requirements of this Section.
Manholes may be located off the centerline of residential streets around street
curves provided that all portions of the main and manholes are a minimum of
10 feet from the curb.
The minimum allowable radius of curvature is governed by the type of joint,
the pipe lengths, the maximum bevel permitted, and the maximum amount of
separation of the abutting pipe ends permitted on the outside surface of the
curved sewer. This separation of pipe ends on the outside surface of the sewer
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is termed the "pull" and the joint is called a "pull joint".

2.2.9.1 Curvature in Rigid Pipes

Most restrained joints provide no joint deflection. Where joint deflections are
desired using restrained joints, manufacturers specifications must be
submitted for approval by the Senior Civil Engineer. Flexible joints
(gasketed) allow joint deflection.

a. Curvature in Vitrified Clay Pipe: Curvature in vitrified clay pipe shall
be accommodated through joint deflection and shortened lengths of pipe
and shall conform to Table 2-2.

TABLE 2-2

RADIUS OF CURVATURE FOR PIPE DEFLECTION

Nominal
Pipe
Diameter

Minimum Radius of Curvature
R (Feet) For Pipe Length, L (Feet)

Diameter
(inches)

L = 4

L = 6

L = 8

L = 10

3 to 12

200

200

200

200

15 to 24

200

200

256

320

27 to 36

200

288

384

480

39 to 42

256

384

512

640

b. Curvature in Other Rigid Pipes: Curvature in other rigid pipes shall be
accommodated solely through joint deflection per the manufacturers
recommendations or through custom beveled ends. Axial bending shall
not be allowed.

The following joint deflection equation shall be used to determine the
minimum radius of curvature for rigid pipes with unrestrained joints:
Where:

R = minimum radius of curvature, in feet
]
]
]
2
360
0
L
R Or 200 feet, whichever is greater
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L = length of pipe section
? = allowable deflection per joint in degrees (See Figure 2-2)

2.2.9.2 Curvature in Flexible Pipes

a. Longitudinal Bending (Up to 15 Inch Diameter Pipe): Bending of
flexible pipes with gasketed joints is allowed through a combination of
joint deflection and axial flexure of the pipe (see Figure 2-2). The
allowable deflection per joint for gasketed PVC pipe varies from a to 5
degrees (obtain joint deflection limits from the pipe manufacturer).
Typical minimum allowable values of radius of curvature for flexible
pipes are given in Table 2-3.

TABLE 2-3

MINIMUM ALLOWABLE RADIUS OF CURVATURE

Allowable Minimum Radius of
Curvature (Longitudinal Bending)
With 2 Joint Deflection

Pipe Size
(in inches)

Radius
(in feet)

4 to 8

200

10

250

12

300

15

350

The equations in Figure 2-2 may be used to determine bending and
deflection for other types of flexible pipe.

2.2.9.3 Horizontal Curvature

The minimum radius of horizontal curvature shall be 200 feet unless
otherwise approved by the Senior Civil Engineer.

Where curves of shorter radii than those accommodating standard pipe lengths
are necessary, shorter lengths of pipe and/or custom beveled joints may be
used for concrete and VC mains.

When PVC lined reinforced concrete pipe is to be laid on curves, the shop
drawings shall include pipe manufacturers joint information (gaskets, bell
and spigot details), specified pull at each joint, bevel details, and any pipe
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design special details.

2.2.9.4 Vertical Curvature

a. Vertical curves shall not be located within the limits of horizontal curves
except as may be approved by the Senior Civil Engineer.

The minimum horizontal length of vertical curves may be computed as
follows, but shall not be less than 40 feet:

L = (S
1
-S
2
)/R

Where:

L = Minimum horizontal length of vertical curve (= 40')
S
1
& S
2
= Slopes of beginning and ending tangents to the vertical
curve expressed in feet per foot, and
R = Minimum rate of change of slope (feet/foot), as determined
by the pipe manufacturers specifications

Vertical curves on sewers shall be parabolic in nature.

For manhole requirements on vertical curves, refer to Section 2.3.

2.2.10 Prohibited Locations

Construction of sewer mains shall be prohibited in the following locations:

a. Within the 100-year flood areas or coastal areas subject to flooding
b. Within wetlands
c. Parallel to major highways/freeways (perpendicular crossings only)
d. Under Structures
e Within 10 feet of trees or shrubs that mature naturally to a height of over
three feet
f. Within medians
g. Parallel to railroad alignments unless a separate easement is acquired
h. Inaccessible areas
i. Within 10 feet of any structures
j. Near the outlet of any storm drain

2.3 MANHOLES

2.3.1 General Design Considerations

All manholes shall be constructed in accordance with City of San Diego
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Drawing SDS-100, and SDRSD S-2 and S-17.

The Plans shall show invert elevations within the manhole of both the inlet
and outlet pipes and the rim elevation of each manhole.

In compliance with City of San Diego Drawing SDS-100, manhole rungs or
ladders are not allowed.

Drop manholes are not allowed.

2.3.1.1 Manholes outside Public Right -of-Way

All sewer manholes outside the paved right-of-way shall have adequate
vehicular access for sewer maintenance vehicles per sections 3.2.1.3 and
3.2.3.

All manholes located outside of the public right-of-way shall be equipped
with approved locking covers with concrete collars as indicated on SDRSD
M-4 or as specified by the Wastewater Collection Division of MWWD.
Special details may be required based on operation and maintenance
requirements.

2.3.1.2 Required Locations

Manholes shall be required at all of the following locations:

a. Change of grade
b. Changes in pipe size
c. At the beginning point and ending point of vertical curves if the curve is
longer than 200 feet, or 25 feet downstream from the end of a vertical
curve if the curve is less than 200 feet
d. At the intersection of mains
e. At the terminus of dead-end sewers
f. When pipe material changes
1

g. Change of flow direction
h. At the discharge of a private pump station force main, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall provide a dedicated manhole prior to discharge to the
public system

2.3.1.3 Manholes at Street Intersections

Where a new or reconstructed sewer main passes through a manhole in a

1 Internal diameters of pipes of different materials, although specified as the same size, are not
the same and a smooth transition within the manhole must be provided between all changes
in pipe material.
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street intersection and the manhole has no side inlet or future planned
connecting main, the manhole shall be located approximately 30 feet either
downstream or upstream of the intersection. Contact the Development
Services Department, Wastewater Section to research the probable need for
future sewer connections. This manhole location will afford improved
maintenance access and easier traffic control for construction/cleaning crews
in high traffic streets.

2.3.1.4 Prohibited Locations

Manholes shall not be placed in the following locations:
a. Inaccessible areas
b. Gutters and other depressions or areas subject to inundation
c. In sidewalks, crosswalks, or pedestrian ramps
d. In driveways
e. In freeway ramps or lanes
f. Between railroad tracks (manholes within a railroad right-of-way shall
be located a minimum of 15 feet from track bed and in accordance with
the requirements of the jurisdictional railroad authority)
g. Within 15 feet of any structures, including subterranean or overhead
structures
h. Within any area subject to flooding or inundation during a 100- year
storm event

2.3.1.5 Potential Hydraulic Jumps

Where the change in grade of the inlet and outlet pipes is greater than 10
percent, or the potential for a hydraulic jump within a manhole exists, the
grade change shall be made in a smooth vertical curve, upstream of the
manhole, with the manhole located 25 feet downstream of the lower end of the
vertical curve. Refer to Subsection 2.2.4 for requirements regarding hydraulic
jumps.

2.3.1.6 Dead-End Sewers

Dead-end sewers, for which no immediate future extension is planned or
anticipated, shall require manholes for cleaning and televising for
maintenance assessment. Refer to Subsection 2.2.1.7 for requirements
regarding dead-end sewers.

2.3.2 Distance between Manholes
The maximum distance between manholes shall not be greater than those
shown in Table 2-4.

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) (freeboard 0.25 +
gr
B
V
= D
2

TABLE 2-4

DISTANCE BETWEEN MANHOLES

Sewer Size
(Inches)

Maximum Distance Between
Manholes (Feet)

8 - 15

400

18 and over

800

2.3.3 Design of Outboard Shelf Within Manholes

Manhole bases that accommodate a change in direction of flow shall be
designed with sufficient freeboard on the "outboard shelf" to keep the entire
flow cross-section within the manhole channel without spillage onto the
"outboard shelf". The area of the shelf in manholes shall be of approximately
equal area on either side of the main channel, except in manholes with
changes in direction of sewer flow. This provides a working platform for
sewer maintenance personnel (see SDRSD S-2 and S-17). The shelf
elevations shall be shown on the plans and shall be of equal height on both
sides of the channel. The following formula shall be used to determine the
minimum required shelf elevations:

Therefore:

? D D D
N SW
+

(Reference Brater and King, Handbook of Hydraulics)

Where:
?D = Depth of outboard water surface crest above normal depth at
peak flow (feet)
V = Velocity (feet per second)
B = Width (feet) of water surface (horizontal projection)
g = Gravitational constant (32.2 feet/second
2
)
r = Radius of bend (feet)
D
SW
= Depth of water surface above invert (standing wave)
2
(feet)
D
N
= Normal depth at peak flow (feet)

2.3.4 Manhole Frames and Covers

Manhole frames and covers shall be non-rocking and shall conform to the

2. Determination of the location of the standing wave is not required since the shelf is horizontal.
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requirements of ASTM A48, Class 30. Unless otherwise indicated, manhole
frames and covers shall be heavy-duty cast-iron type with a 36- inch opening.
Manhole cover inserts shall be 24- inch diameter with lettering "CITY OF
SAN DIEGO" and "SEWER" similar to what is indicated on SDRSD M-1.

2.3.5 Manhole Lining and Grouting

2.3.5.1 Bases

The manhole base shall be primed with epoxy and lined with a 100-mil dry
film thickness (DFT) of 100 percent solids elastomeric polyurethane with a
minimum, Shore D, hardness of 55 in accordance with SSPWC Section 500-
2.4 B Air-Placed Concrete and Polyurethane Protective Lining Manhole
Rehabilitation, or other methods and materials included in the Citys
Approved Materials List for municipal sewer applications. The lining shall be
continuous, without seams, and free from any defects, holes, or surface
irregularities. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish a minimum of two plugs per
manhole to permit verification of the applied thickness.

2.3.5.2 Riser Joints

Polymer mortar shall be used for riser joints on manholes to create water-tight
joints to resist or minimize infiltration.

2.3.5.3 Risers

Manhole risers in the wastewater collection system shall be epoxy grouted and
lined with PVC, (or T-Lock, or other methods and materials included in the
Citys Approved Materials List for municipal sewer applications) in the
following cases: (See Figure 2-3 for typical application.)

a. Manholes for all trunk sewers 18 inches and larger in diameter
b. Manholes in all coastal communities
c. At locations of force main discharge
d. Manholes where high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide exist, (e.g.
sealed manholes in canyons, manholes in areas downstream of sewer
pump stations, manholes downstream of hydraulic jumps where the
sewage is more than 4 hours old from the farthest source, and manholes
upstream from siphons
e. Manholes where groundwater is present

2.3.5.4 Exterior Walls

Waterproofing of exterior walls of manholes with a coal tar emulsion (water
proofing agent) shall be required for all manholes in canyons, below the
water table, in coastal communities, or for manholes with base elevations less
than mean sea level plus seven (MSL + 7) feet. The coal tar emulsion shall be
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ft 0.1
2
s
+
s
x D = Drop Invert
2 1
]
]
]
,
`
.
|

ft 0.2 0.1 +
2
s s
x D = Drop Invert
2 1
]
]
]
,
`
.
| +

applied in no less than two coats for a total dry film thickness of 25 to 35 mils.

2.3.6 Minimum Invert Drop across Manholes

The invert drop required across manholes and transition structures shall be
calculated to provide smooth laminar flow through the manhole and shall not
be arbitrarily established.

2.3.6.1 All Pipes the Same Diameter: (see Figure 2-4)

a. Straight-Through Flow for Small Diameter Mains or Trunk Sewers
with Velocity = 3 fps: For all sewers 15 inches in diameter and smaller
and for trunk sewers 18 inches and larger, where the peak design
velocity is 3 fps or greater, the slope of the pipe shall be carried through
the manhole.

b. Straight-Through Flow for Trunk Sewers with Velocity < 3 fps: For
sewers 18 inches and larger in diameter with peak design velocity less
than 3 fps, the invert drop across the manhole shall be equal to the inside
diameter (D) of the manhole in feet multiplied by the average slope of
the inlet (s
1
) or outlet (s
2
) sewers. However, a minimum invert drop of
0.1 feet shall be required.

c. Side Inlet for All Pipe Sizes: The invert drop across the manhole shall
be the inside diameter (D) of the manhole in feet multiplied by the
average slope of the side inlet (s
1
) and outlet (s
2
) sewers, plus 0.10 feet
of additional drop. However, a minimum invert drop of 0.20 feet shall
be required.

2.3.6.2 Outlet Pipe Larger Than Inlet: (See Figure 2-5)

When the outlet pipe is larger than the inlet pipe, the same calculations as
shown above in section 2.3.6.1(a) or (b) shall be used, and the drop shown in
Table 2-5 shall be added to the result of each calculation.

Table 2-5 is based on matched water surface profile from the upstream pipe to
the downstream pipe, when flowing full. The Table may be used in lieu of
calculating invert drops across a manhole due to the change in pipe diameters.
However, if the sewer main is in an area where the slopes are flat, individual
invert drops may be calculated based on the planning study design d
n
/D at
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peak flow.

TABLE 2-5

INVERT DROPS ACROSS MANHOLES

Diameter of
Outlet

Diameter of Inlet in Inches
Drop to be added (feet)

Inches

8"

10"

12"

10

0.08

B

B

12

0.17

0.08

B

15

0.29

0.21

0.13

18

0.42

0.33

0.25

Outlet pipes smaller in diameter than the inlet pipe shall not be allowed. In
lieu of calculating the drop through a manhole, where there are good slopes
and proper manhole channelization, the crown of the pipes may be matched.

2.3.7 Maximum Invert Drops across Manholes

Maximum invert drops across manholes for sewers 15 inches and smaller in
diameter shall be 0.60 feet for straight-through flow, and 1.00 feet for side
inlet flow.

2.3.8 Minimum Manhole Size

The minimum manhole diameter shall be 3 feet per SDRSD S-17, but not less
than the pipe diameter plus 3 feet.

2.3.9 Large Diameter Manholes

For sewer mains greater than 36 inches in diameter, special design and
structural details for the manholes or vaults shall be shown on the plans.
Vaults shall require a minimum of two access manholes. A separate structural
permit is required.

2.3.10 Deep Manholes

For sewer mains that exceed 25 feet in depth, vaults shall be provided with a
minimum of two access manholes for each vault. Calculations shall be
provided to show that the vault structures are designed to accommodate the
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design depths. A separate structural permit is required.

2.3.11 Inspection of Existing Manholes

Removal of existing City manhole covers is not permitted by unauthorized
personnel as potentially lethal, poisonous gases may be present. If access to
any existing City manhole is necessary for design or construction purposes,
please contact the Metropolitan Wastewater Department, Wastewater
Collection Division.

2.4 PIPE BEDDING

2.4.1 Normal Bedding Requirements

Normal bedding is full rock encasement. All sewers, including laterals with
normal cover, shall be adequately bedded according to City of San Diego
Drawing SDS-100 and SDRSD S-4(C). The induced trench method of
construction in which the trench is excavated in compacted fill and refilled
with loose compressible materials shall not be allowed.

2.4.2 Special Considerations

Where the possibility exists for erosion, migration, separation, or segregation
of sands and silts from the trench wall into the pipe bedding, or where the
sewer pipe is installed below the water table, the rock envelope shall be
wrapped with an engineering geotextile fabric.

2.4.3 Load Factors for Clay Pipe

Vitrified clay pipe shall be bedded based on the calculated loads and a safety
factor of 1.5. Bedding should be selected based on a load factor of 2.2 for
rock encasement and a load factor of 4.5 for concrete encasement.

2.5 SEWER LATERALS

2.5.1 Allowable Locations

All new sewer laterals shall not be located in driveways unless no other
alternative exists. If the laterals already exist, or sufficient area is not
available to locate the lateral(s) outside of driveways due to cul-de-sacs, trees
etc., the installation shall be according to Figure 2-6, which shall be included
on the improvement plans. All laterals located in driveways shall be shown as
private on the public improvement drawings and shall require an
Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA). Laterals shall
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not be located within 5 feet of water meters or within 10 feet of trees or shrubs
that are 3 feet or higher at maturity. Sewer laterals shall be a minimum of 5
feet apart (center to center), and at least 5 feet downhill from the water
service. For large buildings, the project is entitled to two lateral connections
to the public system. Additional private laterals are allowed provided it can
be shown that the entire project flow can be served by 2 laterals that are sized
per the Uniform Plumbing Code, and which also do not exceed connection
limitations per the Sewer Design Guide Table 2-6. Where the sewer main is
located in an easement with no drivable access or in a paper alley or street,
new laterals shall not be connected unless there are no alternate sewer
facilities.

2.5.2 Backwater Devices

Sewer laterals shall be equipped with an approved backwater device at all
locations where dictated by the currently adopted edition of the Uniform
Plumbing Code to prevent public sewage from spilling into structures if the
sewer main should fail. Backwater devices shall be installed outside of the
public right-of-way and shall be maintained by the property owner.

2.5.3 Pressure Laterals

A pressure lateral is a pipe under pressure carrying a discharge from a
property sewage pump. Pressure laterals shall not be smaller than 2 inches in
diameter. If there is a cleanout at the property line with a gravity lateral to the
main, it will not be construed to be a pressure lateral. Pressure laterals shall
discharge into a manhole which shall be lined with PVC (i.e., T-lock), or other
methods and materials included in the Citys Approved Materials List for
municipal sewer applications. See Figure 2-3 for typical application. All
manholes into which pressure laterals discharge shall be clearly labeled as
such on the public improvement plans. All pressure laterals shall be shown as
Aprivate@on the public improvement plans; shall be equipped with a check
valve; and shall require an EMRA. When a pressure lateral terminates at the
property line, with a cleanout, and becomes a gravity lateral, then the gravity
lateral portion should comply with gravity lateral requirements.

2.5.4 Depth Requirements

Sewer laterals shall be a minimum of 5 feet below top of curb, measured at the
property line (SDRSD S-13, City of San Diego Drawing SDS-100, and UPC).
Single shallow laterals may be allowed between 3 feet and 5 feet in depth with
special approval by the Associate Civil Engineer, Wastewater Review
Section, Development Services Department. When special circumstances
dictate that the cover over a lateral must be less than 3 feet, the lateral should
be fully encased in concrete (SDRSD S-7), loading and deflection calculations
must be submitted, and approval by the Senior Civil Engineer shall be
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required. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shall not be used with concrete
encasement. Use only extra strength vitrified clay pipe or ductile iron pipe
with concrete encasement.
Lateral connections to deep sewers (depth >15 feet) shall be avoided wherever
possible. No lateral connections will be allowed on mains which exceed 20
feet in depth.

2.5.5 Cleanouts

All public laterals shall have a cleanout adjacent to the property line, within
the public right-of-way, for cleaning in the direction of the sewer main. The
cleanout shall be installed in accordance with City of San Diego Drawings
SDS-102 or SDS-103. If there is a sidewalk located at the property line, the
cleanout shall be located within the sidewalk in accordance with SDS-102.

Where a future building will be located along a new main, the depth of the
main shall be coordinated with other utilities so that there will be no conflicts
with the future sewer lateral.

2.5.6 Slope

The standard minimum slope for a sewer lateral is 2 percent (SDRSD S-13
and UPC). The slope shall not exceed 1 horizontal to 1 vertical (100 percent).
Laterals, which must exceed 100 percent slope within the public right-of-way,
shall be considered deep-cut laterals. Deep-cut laterals, per SDRSD S-14,
shall only be permitted with the approval of the Senior Civil Engineer.

2.5.7 New Development

A separate sewer lateral shall be constructed from the main to the property
line of every lot within a new subdivision.

2.5.8 Bedding

Sewer laterals shall be bedded in accordance with SDRSD S-4(C).

2.5.9 Main Replacements

When a sewer main is being replaced or relocated, the existing laterals
running to it, but not being used in fully developed lots, shall not be replaced
or reconnected. Existing laterals to vacant lots shall not be reconnected unless
a permitted building plan for the lot shows a need for the existing lateral(s).
In areas of anticipated urban redevelopment, existing sewer laterals serving
vacant lots should be deleted from the drawings of replacement plans. In
order to ensure proper credit for the property at the time of redevelopment,
adequate records of all laterals must be kept. In cases where water meter data
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is not to be used for capacity credits, an existing plan showing the laterals to
be deleted and their addresses shall be sent by the DESIGN ENGINEER to
the Development Services Department, Land Development Review Division,
Wastewater Review Section. Wastewater Review Section staff will be
responsible for updating the Citys IOS database to record the appropriate
sewer capacity credits for each affected property. Sewer laterals shall be
reconnected and replaced in accordance with existing City policy.

2.5.10 Connections to Existing Mains

2.5.10.1 Required Location of Connections

Sewer lateral connections shall be made in accordance with Table 2-6:

TABLE 2-6

SEWER LATERAL CONNECTIONS

Size/Type of Lateral

Size of Main

Connection
Made At

Note: at no time shall the main be smaller than the lateral

15" or smaller

Main

8" or smaller

18" or larger

Manhole

10" or larger

Any Size

Manhole

Pressure Lateral

Any Size

Manhole

2.5.10.2 Allowable Types of Connections

Lateral connections to existing sewer lines may only be made through a Y
fitting or saddle type connection. Cutting or breaking out an opening for
lateral connection and sealing the opening with a concrete lug shall not be
allowed.

2.5.10.3 Size of Connections

Connections of sewer laterals into existing sewer mains shall be at least 2
inches less than the diameter of the sewer mains into which they discharge.
However, 6- inch and 8- inch diameter laterals may connect into a sewer main
of the same size provided that the connection is made through a Y fitting.
The "Y" branch of the sewer main is to be inclined upward at a maximum
angle of 45 degrees from the horizontal and connected to the lateral through a
1/8 bend (Ref. SDRSD S-13 and City of San Diego Drawing SDS-100).
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2.5.10.4 Required Rise from Main

The vertical distance between the invert of the sewer main at the "Y" location
and the invert of the upper end of the 1/8 bend is termed the "rise". Minimum
values for the rise versus various sewer main sizes are given in Table 2-7.

TABLE 2-7

MINIMUM VALUES OF RISE FROM SEWER MAINS

Sewer Main Size in Inches

Minimum Rise in
Feet

8

1.2

10

1.3

12

1.4

15

1.8

For determining the slope of the sewer lateral, it may be assumed that the 1/8
bend terminates 2.0 feet laterally from the center of an 8 inch diameter sewer
main.

2.5.11 Connections to Trunk Sewers

Sewer lateral connections to trunk sewers 18 inches in diameter and larger
shall not be allowed except in certain cases where all of the following criteria
are met. The connection shall be recorded on a public improvement drawing
which shall show both plan and profile of the connections.

2.5.11.1 There is no available sewer main 15 inches or less in diameter within 500 feet.

2.5.11.2 An odorless connection is provided for the connection (see Figure 2-1) such
that the lateral at the connection is matched as closely as possible with the
invert of the trunk sewer. This type of connection requires approval by the
Senior Civil Engineer.

2.5.11.3 Within 20 feet of the connection, the invert of the lateral must be above the
peak flow for the trunk sewer at the location of the connection.

In cases where more than one lateral connection to a trunk sewer is proposed
in the same area, a smaller diameter collector sewer must be constructed to
convey the flow of the laterals to the trunk sewer.

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2.5.12 Easement Laterals

Sewer lateral connections in non-paved easements shall not be allowed where
connection can be made into a main in a public right of way or paved
easement.

All laterals which connect to a public sewer main in an easement, rather than
the public right-of-way, shall be privately maintained in accordance with
Policy and Operations Manual, Document No. C.13 of Wastewater Collection
Division, Metropolitan Wastewater Department, and shall be labeled as
Private on the improvement plans.

2.5.13 Encroachment Laterals

All encroachment laterals, as defined by City of San Diego Information
Bulletin 166 of August 2003, shall be privately maintained and shall be
labeled as Private on the improvement plans.

2.5.13.1 Single Family Residential

Encroachment sewer laterals may be allowed for single family residential
units when all of the following conditions are met:

a. The lot does not front on a public sewer main.
b. Ownership of the adjacent lot(s) does not belong to the subject lot
owner.
c. A service agreement between the City and the property owner is
recorded against the subject lot (Encroachment Maintenance and
Removal Agreement).
d. The need for future extension of the main is not anticipated.
e. The lateral does not exceed 300 feet in length.

2.5.13.2 Higher Density Residential

Duplexes, and higher density residential units shall be required to extend the
main to their frontage if there is a possibility of further main extension, or
there are other lots that could connect to the new main at a later date.

2.5.13.3 Common Laterals

Common sewer laterals serving two or more lots are not allowed unless the
lots are under a maintenance association and a copy of the recorded
covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&R) is provided to the
Development Services plan reviewer.

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2.5.13.4 Laterals Crossing Lot Lines

Sewer laterals shall not cross lot lines unless there are no other reasonable
options. A private easement shall be dedicated to the lot benefiting from the
lateral.

2.6 WASTEWATER IMPROVEMENT PLANS- STANDARDS AND
PROCEDURES

2.6.1 General

Plans of all sewer facilities shall be routed through the Development Services
Department, Land Development Review Division (LDRD), Wastewater
Review Section for review and approval to ensure consistency.

The planning functions for private developments (i.e. sewer studies, systems
layout, and pipe sizing) are generally required of the Developer in the
tentative map resolution. Any questions regarding these aspects should be
directed to the Wastewater Review Section.

The Wastewater Review Section shall review the project for compliance with
the tentative map requirements, design standards, and all applicable Regional
Standard Drawings. The Wastewater Review Section reviews the plans for
special facilities, specifications, and shop drawings.

In general, the City follows the American Water Works Association (AWWA)
Standards and the Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction
(GREENBOOK) including Regional and City of San Diego Supplement
Amendments.

2.6.2 Improvement Plan Requirements

All improvement plans shall be prepared in accordance with the City of San
Diego Drafting Standards for Public Improvement Plans and this Sewer
Design Guide using standard City D size mylar sheets (3 mils). Other
drawing formats are not acceptable.

2.6.2.1 Pipelines

Improvement plans for pipelines shall include the following minimum
information:

a. Title sheet(s): Location and vicinity maps; project title; legal
description of the property; list of utility phone numbers; phone number
for underground service alert; list of referenced improvement drawings;
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standard drawings; standard specifications; list of abbreviations; legend;
work to be done; standard notes; engineer of work; statement of
responsible charge; north arrow(s).

b. Plan and profile sheet(s): Scale; north arrow(s); screened profile grid;
basis of bearings (if applicable); benchmark information; project title;
existing and proposed contours over pipe; all existing or proposed
utilities that may run parallel with or cross the new pipe (i.e. storm drain,
potable water, pressurized irrigation, lighting and electrical, etc.);
diameter of pipe; pipe material; concrete encasements; stream crossings,
plan and profile of the proposed pipe(s).

1). Plan strip: Location of proposed pipe with horizontal ties to
property and right-of-way boundaries or known and established
physical improvements; all horizontal alignment information
including stationing, horizontal curve data, location and
description of structures.

2). Profile strip: Depth of cover; pipeline slopes; stationing; offsets
(if applicable); bridge abutment locations and culvert crossings.
For trunk sewers, include profile requirements per Subsection
2.2.7.

c. Details: Special and complicated structures if not included in the
Regional Standard Drawings ; complex utility crossings; special
manhole(s); special trenches; sewer access road sections, etc.

2.6.2.2 Special Facilities

Improvement plans for special facilities such as pump stations and metering
stations shall include the following information:

a. Title sheet(s): Location and vicinity maps, project title, legal
description of the property, list of utility phone numbers, phone number
for underground service alert, list of referenced improvement drawings,
standard drawings, standard specifications, list of abbreviations, legend;
standard notes, engineer of work, north arrows on all maps and plan
views.

b. Site grading plans: Scale, north arrow, basis of bearings, benchmark
information, existing and proposed contours, existing and proposed
surface and subsurface drainage facilities, soils report (if required),
finished elevations for proposed improvements. Legal descriptions shall
accompany the plans.

c. Paving plans: Access, on-site vehicle parking, turnabout areas,
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proposed curbs, berms, gutters, walkways, wheel stops, and pavement
striping, typical pavement sections.

d. Utility plans: Existing and proposed facilities for all on-site utilities
(electricity, telephone, alarm, cable TV, water, sewer, storm drain,
irrigation, gas, chilled water, steam, etc.)

e. Other plans: Irrigation and landscaping, structural, plumbing,
mechanical, architectural, electrical, and instrumentation for special
facilities.

2.6.2.3 Standard Specifications and Drawings

The following specifications shall be called out on the plans:

Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction (latest edition)
Regional Supplement Amendments to Standard Specifications (latest
edition)

The following standard drawings shall be called out on the plans:

San Diego Regional Standard Drawings (latest edition)
City of San Diego Standard Drawings (latest edition)

Should any CalTrans easements, right-of-ways, or structures be affected by
the improvement plans, a note for the following plans shall be added:

State of California Department of Transportation Standard Plans (latest
edition)

2.6.3 Notes on Improvement Plans

The following notes shall be shown on the plans, as applicable:

1. Each lot shall receive a 4- inch sewer house connection, unless otherwise
indicated on the plans or special specifications. Location shall be
determined in the field by the engineer of work. The As-Built
locations shall be shown on these plans and the sewer lateral table
completed prior to acceptance of the sewer facilities.

2. Sewer house connections shall be located out of driveways and a
minimum of ten feet from trees. The sewer house connections shall be a
minimum of 5 feet down-gradient from the water service.
3. Providing sewer for this development is dependent upon prior
construction of certain sewer facilities in previously approved
developments. If these facilities have not been constructed and accepted
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by the City at the time of connection, then certain portions of these
previously approved or planned sewer facilities, as required by the City
Engineer, will become off-site improvements as part of this
development. Prior to connection to public sewer facilities, these off-
site improvements shall be constructed and accepted by the City and
documented as a construction change to this development. Sewer
facilities in such developments shall be dependent upon the completion
and acceptance of the following approved off-site improvements of pre-
existing sewer facilities:

(TITLE) (DRAWING NUMBER)

4. All valves for sewer force mains shall be flanged to crosses and tees.

5. All buried ductile iron pipes, fittings, valves, and appurtenances shall be
coated with a liquid epoxy coating system per AWWA C-210 at 24-mil
minimum dry film thickness (DFT). Also prior to backfilling, all fittings
shall be coated with a cold-applied three-part system petroleum wax
tape, Trenton Inc., or equal, in accordance with AWWA C-217, or a
polyurethane coating of 24 mils DFT with, Shore D, hardness of 55 for
buried use.

6. Shop Drawing Submittals: Prior to fabrication, shop drawings shall be
prepared and approved by the DESIGN ENGINEER. The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall certify that the shop drawings meet the intent of the
signed design plans and specifications. The approved shop drawings
shall then be submitted to the Resident Engineer for a 6 (six) week
review period. Once the shop drawings have been accepted by the
Resident Engineer, the materials may be manufactured at the plant.
Requests for plant inspections must be made a minimum of 2 (two)
working days prior to manufacturing if the plant is located in the
Southern California area. All plants located outside of Southern
California must schedule inspection a minimum of 7 (seven) working
days prior to manufacturing. Refer to the latest edition of the Standard
Specifications for Public Works Construction, Section 4-1.3, for
inspection requirements.

7. All horizontal separation dimensions shown between water and sewer
mains shall be measured from the nearest surface of each pipeline per
State of California Department of Health Services, Basic Separation
Standards.

8. Sites of private sewer shall be shown in both plan and profile for
reference only to avoid conflicts and to show connections to public
laterals or mains. All private sewers shown shall be installed under
separate plumbing permit.
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Sewer Design Guide

9. All proposed public sewer facility installations shall be constructed with
materials currently listed in the most current edition of the City of San
Diego Approved Materials List for Municipal Sewers.

10. In gated communities, the developer shall be responsible for providing
the Wastewater Collection Division, Metropolitan Wastewater
Department, with keyed access.

11. No trees shall be allowed within 10 feet of any sewer main or lateral.

12. Prior to connecting to any existing sewer lateral, the lateral shall be
inspected using a closed-circuit television (CCTV) by a California
Licensed Plumbing Contractor to verify the lateral is in good working
condition and free of all debris.

13. All proposed sewers shown on the plans shall comply with the
requirements of the current edition of the Sewer Design Guide of the
City of San Diego.

14. For all Sewer Plans: The Contractor shall observe and comply with all
federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, codes, orders, and regulations
which in any manner affect the conduct of the work, specifically as it
relates to sewage spills. The Contractor shall be fully responsible for
preventing sewage spills, for containing sewage spills, and for recovery
and legal disposal of any spilled sewage, and for any fines, penalties,
claims and liability arising from causing a sewage spill, and for any
violation of any law, ordinance, code, order, or regulation as a result of
the spill(s).

15. For Work Involving Connection to Existing Facilities: Prior to the
start of construction which involves any existing wastewater facilities,
the Contractor shall be responsible for developing and submitting to the
Resident Engineer for review and approval, a Wastewater Flow
Diversion Plan in compliance with the Citys Policy of ZERO SPILLS
at least fifteen working days prior to implementation of the plan. The
diversion plan shall include an emergency response plan indicating the
procedures, equipment, and activities that will be implemented in the
event of an emergency shutdown or failure of the flow diversion
equipment used for construction The Contractor shall be responsible
for implementation of the emergency plan in accordance with Section 7-
8.8.1 of the 2003 City of San Diego Supplement Amendments (Doc. No.
AEC 701041) to the Standard Specifications for Public Works
Construction.

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Sewer Design Guide
16. For Work Where Bypass Pumping May Be Involved: At least 15
working days prior to the implementation of any flow diversion, the
Contractor shall be responsible for developing and submitting to the
Resident Engineer, for review and approval, a Wastewater Flow
Diversion Plan. The Contractors Wastewater Flow Diversion Plan shall
be reviewed and approved by the Wastewater Collection Division,
Metropolitan Wastewater Department, before any flow can be diverted.
The Diversion Plan shall indicate the sequence of diversion operations
and all other operations the Contactor will establish to maintain
wastewater service during the construction period. The Diversion Plan
shall include a comprehensive emergency response plan, including
standby redundant by-pass equipment, in the event of an emergency
shutdown or failure of the flow diversion equipment. The Contractor
shall be responsible for implementation of the emergency plan in
accordance with Section 7-8.8.1 of the 2003 City of San Diego
Supplement Amendments (Doc. No. AEC 701041} to the Standard
Specifications for Public Works Construction.

Additional notes may be required by the Plan Reviewer to address specific
project requirements.

2.6.4 Legend Items

The following legend items and corresponding standard drawings shall be
shown on the plans, as applicable:

a. Size (INCHES), Type (MATERIAL),and Rating (CLASS) of Sewer
Main: SDS-100, SDS-101, S-4(C), S-19

b. Sewer Manhole (No Steps): SDS-100, S-17 (for 15" dia. mains and
smaller, PVC lined when 15" main), S-2 (for 18" dia. and larger mains,
PVC lined), (use M-4 locking cover in all unpaved areas for S-2 and S-
17 manholes), PVC line all Manholes when IE is below +7' Mean Sea
Level elevation.
c. Sewer Lateral (4" PVC) with Cleanout: SDS-100, S-13, S-19, S-4C,
SDS-102, SDS-103

d. Concrete Encasement: SDS-100, S-7 (ESVC or Lined and Coated
Ductile Iron). Note: Use of Ductile Iron requires a full review and
approval by the Corrosion Control Section of the Water Utilities
Department.

e. Cut-off Wall (Type A): SDS-100, S-10A

f. Sewer Main Anchor: SDS-100, S-9

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Sewer Design Guide
g. Sewer Lateral Cleanout: SDS-100, SDS-102, SDS-103

h. Sewer Cleanout (Force Main): SDS-100, S-16

i. Schedule J Paving: SDG-113 NOTE: These designs shall be used in
public right-of-way, or private property in the areas where public
easements are granted, including public access easements.

2.6.5 Data Tables

Tables 2-8, 2-9, and 2-10 shall be shown on the plans and completed, as
applicable:

2.6.5.1 Sewer Main Abandonment

TABLE 2-8

SEWER MAIN ABANDONMENT

SYMBOL

SIZE

TYPE

LENGTH

YEAR
INSTALLED

2.6.5.2 Sewer Data Table

TABLE 2-9

SEWER DATA TABLE

NO.

BEARING/DELTA

RADIUS

LENGTH

NOTES

Note 1:Allowable Minimum Radius of Curvatures (Longitudinal Bending for Flexible
Pipe, PVC) is 8" = 200', 10" = 250', 12" = 300', and 15" = 350'.
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Sewer Design Guide
2.6.5.3 Sewer Lateral Table

TABLE 2-10

SEWER LATERAL TABLE

Lot
#

I.E. at
Main

Drop
to
Main
(Rise)

Length
in Feet

I.E.
@
P.L.

Slope
(%)

Top
Curb
Elev.
(T.C.)

Depth
Below
T.C. @
P.L.

Sta
#

Survey
Location
of
Clean-
out
Remarks

Note 1

Note 2

Note 1: Show Drop to Main for all laterals; 1.2' for 8" mains, 1.3' for 10", 1.4' for
12", 1.8' for 15".

Note 2: Minimum Slope is 2% for all laterals.

Legend:

I. E. = Invert Elevation
P. L. = Property Line
T. C. = Top of Curb

2.7 PLANNING AND DESIGN SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

2.7.1 General

This section represents the minimum requirements for the submittal of public
improvement or grading plans for wastewater review. Prior to submitting
public improvement or grading plans, it is the responsibility of the DESIGN
ENGINEER, to verify that all Tentative Map conditions have been
incorporated into the plans, along with all other necessary requirements.
Failure to meet these minimum requirements could result in plans being
returned without review.

2.7.2 Sewer Study

When a sewer study is required, the sewer study shall be approved and plans
shall be in conformance with the approved sewer study prior to submittal of
public improvement or grading plans for wastewater review. To ensure the
timely processing of plans, provide a copy of the sewer study approval letter
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Sewer Design Guide
with the initial plan submittal.

2.7.3 Public Easements

Public sewer/general utility easement drawings, when required, shall be
submitted concurrently with all public improvement or grading plans.

2.7.4 Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA)

Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreements, when required, shall
be submitted and reviewed concurrently with all public improvement or
grading plans.

2.7.5 Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&R)

Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions, when required, shall be submitted
and reviewed concurrently with all public improvement or grading plans.

2.7.6 Minimum Plan Sets

A minimum of two sets of public improvement or grading plans will be
required for all submittals for wastewater review. When a special facilities
plan check is required, additional sets shall be required. Please refer to
Section 2.9 for requirements.

2.7.7 Sewer Maintenance Plan

For sewers which will be located in canyons and/or in environmentally
sensitive lands, a copy of the approved, sewer maintenance plan shall be
submitted with the first submittal of the improvement plans.

2.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

Listed below are some of the common plan check comments made during the
review cycle of wastewater improvement plans. These comments should be
used during the performance of in- house QA/QC plan review by the DESIGN
ENGINEER of wastewater improvement plans prior to submittal to the
Wastewater Review Section for plan review.

? Obtain approval of the Sewer Study per Tentative Map Conditions for the
project.

? Submit Plans for review only after the sewer study has been accepted.

? Show all existing sewer mains in public right-of-way and sewer lateral(s)
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Sewer Design Guide
adjacent to the project.

? Reference City drawing numbers for all existing sewer mains and provide
centerline dimensions and size and type of all existing mains.

? Provide note on Improvement Plans: All existing unused sewer laterals
shall be plugged at property line by Contractor.

? Provide a note on the Improvement Plans: Prior to connecting to any
existing sewer lateral, it shall be inspected using a closed-circuit television
(CCTV) by a California Licensed Plumbing Contractor to verify the lateral
is in good working condition and free of all debris.

? Provide detail of manhole re-channelization showing invert elevations of
all inlets and outlets and indicate the drop across the manhole (straight-
through flow acceptable for 8" - 15" mains, 0.1' min. drop for 18" and
larger mains, 0.2' min. drop for side inlet for all mains) (ref. Subsection
2.3.6)

? Show invert elevations on profile view of all manhole inlets and outlet.
(straight-through flow acceptable for 8"-15" mains providing slope of
main is the same on either side of manhole, if not, then 0.1' min. drop for
18" and larger mains, and 0.2' min. drop for side inlet for all mains)

? Provide a 20-foot minimum width paved vehicular sewer access road with
a turn-around to all manholes. Refer to City of San Diego Drawing FHPS-
101 for requirements. The need for a turn-around may be waived when
sewer access roads are 150 feet or less in length, have generous easements,
and flat grades. Evaluations, if requested, will be reviewed on a case-by-
case basis.

? Submit sewer easement drawings B sheet, (minimum 15 feet wide
easement for sewer pipe depths to 10 feet, plus 2 additional feet in
easement width for every foot greater than 10 feet in depth).

? Provide a 20-foot minimum width vehicular sewer access easement from
the public right-of-way to the existing/proposed sewer/general utility
easement, where applicable.

? Provide minimum a 1- foot sand cushion or minimum a 6- inch sand
cushion with 1- inch neoprene pad for all crossings where vertical
clearance is 1 foot or less.

? Submit an Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA)
for all private sewer laterals(s)/main(s) /water/other private utilities,
private retaining wall, private storm drain, enhanced paving, landscape,
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Sewer Design Guide
irrigation, etc, within the sewer/water/general utility easement and/or
public right-of-way.

Provide sewer main abandonment table, (See Section 2.6.5.1).

? Provide Sewer Notes, (See Section 2.6.3).

? The Designer shall place a Note on the Improvement Plans: No shrubs
greater than 3 feet in height at maturity or trees shall be allowed within 10
feet of any public sewer main or sewer lateral. No pressurized landscape
irrigation mains or electrical or gas utilities shall be allowed within any
sewer easement.

? Submit a copy of the subdivision/ parcel map showing all sewer/access
and/or general utility easements.

? Submit a copy of the CC&Rs covering the maintenance and operation of
the Private on-site Sewerage System.

? Call out all City Forces Work Items on plans.

? Show all work to be done on plan/profile view and by legend items.

? Provide sewer lateral data table and show drop to main; 1.2' for 8" main ,
1.3' for 10", 1.4' for 12", 1.8' for 15" with 2% minimum slope for all
laterals.

? Provide sewer data table, (See Section 2.6.5.2).

? For all private sewers which serve only one lot, label as PRIVATE SEWER
UNDER SEPARATE PLUMBING PERMIT and add the following note to the
plans ALL PRIVATE SEWER IMPROVEMENTS SHOWN ON THESE PLANS
ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY TO AVOID CONFLICTS AND TO SHOW
CONNECTIONS TO PUBLIC SEWER LATERALS AND MAINS. ALL PRIVATE
SEWERS SHOWN ON THESE PLANS SHALL BE INSTALLED UNDER
SEPARATE PLUMBING PERMIT ISSUED BY THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO. Or,
remove private sewer from public improvement plan, typical all sheets.

? For all private sewers which serve more than one lot, label as follows:
ALL PRIVATE SEWER MAINS, SEWER MANHOLES, SEWER LATERALS AND
CLEANOUTS SHOWN ON THESE PLANS ARE TO BE BUILT TO PUBLIC
STANDARDS AND WILL BE INSPECTED BY THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO,
ENGINEERING AND CAPITAL PROJECTS DEPARTMENT, FIELD
ENGINEERING DIVISION. Typical all sheets.

? For all private sewers which serve one lot, the following shall be added:

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Sewer Design Guide
? Declaration of Responsible Charge

I HEREBY DECLARE THAT I AM THE ENGINEER OF WORK FOR THE
PROJECT, THAT I HAVE EXERCISED RESPONSIBLE CHARGE OVER THE
DESIGN OF THE PRIVATE SEWERAGE SYSTEM, AND THAT THE DESIGN IS
CONSISTENT WITH THE CURRENT STANDARDS AS REQUIRED BY THE
CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE, CURRENT EDITION AS ADOPTED BY THE
CITY OF SAN DIEGO AND HAS BEEN PERMITTED UNDER SEPARATE
PLUMBING PERMIT, (PERMIT No. ________________).

NAME DATE
RCE____________, EXPIRES _____________________

? Label all private sewer lateral(s)/sewer main(s) PRIVATE and add note
below to plans, typical all sheets.

FOR PRIVATE SEWER LATERAL(S)/SEWER MAIN(S) WITHIN THE
PUBLIC SEWER/PUBLIC WATER/GENERAL UTILITY EASEMENT
AND/OR PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY SEE ENCROACHMENT
MAINTENANCE AND REMOVAL AGREEMENT No. __________________.

? The DESIGN ENGINEER shall review the impact of the project to
existing facilities, homes, and businesses. The plans and specifications
shall include notes which shall require Contractor to notify all adjacent
property owners which may be impacted. Door hangers may be used for
notification. List the project scope of work and the impact to the existing
facilities/homes/businesses throughout the construction of this project and
distribute door hangers two (2) weeks prior to beginning any construction.

? Provide two sets of encroachment maintenance and removal agreement
(EMRA) documents for Wastewater Review Section with your submittal,
as applicable.

? Provide two sets of easement drawings for Wastewater Review Section
with your submittal, as applicable.

? Use SDR35 PVC sewer pipe for depths not exceeding 15 feet. Submit a
soils report and load/deflection calculations for our review and approval
for SDR35 PVC Sewer Pipe if you wish to use it between 15 and 20 feet
in depth, or use SDR18 PVC Sewer Pipe for depths between 15 and 20
feet without submitting a soils report and load/deflection calculations.
You are required to submit a soils report and load/deflection
calculations for our review and approval for all sewer pipe that is
proposed to be installed at a depth greater than 20 feet. Senior
Engineer approval is required for all sewers to be installed at a depth
greater than 20 feet.

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Sewer Design Guide
? For alignments in canyons and environmentally sensitive lands, the
DESIGN ENGINEER shall show the alignment and design of any
required sewer access roads according to the approved sewer maintenance
plan.

2.9 SPECIAL FACILITIES PLAN CHECK

Improvement plans for special facilities such as large sewer mains (18 inches
and larger), sewer pump stations, force mains, metering stations, and other
non-standard facilities shall be routed to the Wastewater Collections Division
by the Development Services Department (DSD) for review and comments
prior to final approval of the plans by the DSD. This process shall also be
applicable to review of encroachments affecting special facilities. The DSD
will ensure that all operating divisions comments are appropriately addressed
and that the plans and specifications conform to consistent standards prior to
final approval.
Improvement plans for sewer pump stations will not be signed off by the
Wastewater Review Section until written approval by memorandum or
signature on the plans has been obtained from a Deputy Director or higher
authority of the Metropolitan Wastewater Department (MWWD).

The Wastewater Review Section shall require seven (7) sets of plans, seven
(7) sets of specifications, and three (3) sets of design calculations for special
facilities. Three (3) sets of plans and specifications and two (2) sets of
calculations will be sent to the operating division for the operational,
maintenance, telemetering, and electrical review and comments. Two (2) sets
of plans, plus calculations, and specifications are for the Wastewater Review
Section for design and policy reviews. Two (2) sets of plans and
specifications are for the Corrosion Engineers review and comments. The
Wastewater Review Sections comments, as well as the comments from other
reviewers, will be returned to the project engineer. The Wastewater Review
Section will keep one (1) set of plans, specifications, and calculations with a
composite of the comments and corrections from all other divisions.

When specifications can be placed on five (5) sheets of plans or less, they
shall be placed on the plans. When specifications exceed five (5) sheets of
plans, facility plans shall have a blank space designated for the document
number assigned to the specifications.

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall ensure that all shop drawings to be As-
Built for special facilities are placed on standard City D size mylar sheets
and added to the plans. A block of D-Sheet numbers can be provided by
Engineering Maps and Records Section of Land Development Review
Division, via City project managers or engineers. However, it is important to
have a single person to look after the block of D-Sheets and to maintain
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
frequent communications with Engineering Maps and Records Section with
the view of providing them with current information to enable them to register
the D-Sheet numbers as and when they are assigned to project drawings.

Facility plans shall have a designated space for recording the document
number assigned to the specifications.

S
T
E
E
P
S
L
O
P
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B
E
T
W
E
E
N
S
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A
L
L
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E
W
E
R
A
N
D
L
A
R
G
E
S
E
W
E
R
1 BETWEEN INVERT OF MANHOLE
AND TOP OF LARGE SEWER
NORMAL SLOPE
25 MAXIMUM (EDGE OF PIPE TO EDGE OF MH)
SEWAGE
HYDROGEN
SULFIDE GAS
CONNECTION TO LARGE SEWER
TO BE AS NEAR TO BOTTOM
OF PIPE AS POSSIBLE
(NO SCALE)
"ODORLESS" SEWER CONNECTION
SMALL SEWER
F
I
G
U
R
E

2
-
1
3
/
1
5
/
2
0
0
1
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0
0
0
0
L
L
L
L
L
A
A
A
A
1
2
3
4
n
L = Pipe Length in Feet
M
b
b
A
L
OD
R
a
C
P
JOINT DEFLECTION
b
90
o
a = /2
b =180L
pR
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C = 2R sinb/2 ~
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b
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Y = R - d
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BENDING
A = L ( sin 0 + sin 2 0 + . . . . sin n 0 )
0 = Joint Deflection in Degrees
Also refer to Pipe Manufacturers
data & recommendations
/
Y
Where : n = 1,2,3 .... n
JOINT DEFLECTION ALLOWANCES
/ / /
FIGURE 2-2
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EXISTING GROUND WATER
TABLE (DEPTH VARIES)
FINISH GRADE
SIKADUR 32 HI-MOD
OR EQUIVALENT (2" ON
BASE - 2" ON WALL)
FLOW
SEWER PIPE (TYP)
SEWER MANHOLE PER
RSD SDS-101 & S-2 OR S-17
HEAT WELD 1" PVC STRIP TO
LINER AND 4" PVC BAND (TYP)
HEAT WELD 4" PVC BAND
TO T-LOCK PVC LINER (TYP)
(NOT TO SCALE)
CONCRETE PIPES 18" DIA.
& LARGER SHALL BE PVC
LINED (270 DEG. MINIMUM)
A
A
(SEE VIEW A-A)
270
PVC
LINER
VIEW
AA
CONCRETE
SEWER MAIN
(18" AND LARGER DIA.)
WHITE PVC LINER (T-LOCK OR APPROVED
EQUIVALENT) PER SSPWC.
WHITE PVC LINER (T-LOCK OR
APPROVED EQUIVALENT PER SSPWC
POLYURETHANE
COATING PER SSPWC
POLYMER MORTAR IN ALL
PREFABRICATED RISER JOINTS
PER SSPWC
SEWER MANHOLE
COATING AND LINING
o
APPLY BITUMASTIC COATING TO
ALL EXTERIOR AREAS OF MH
BELOW WATER TABLE PER SSPWC
APPLY BITUMASTIC BAND 6" WIDE AT
ALL JOINTS ON EXTERIOR OF MH
FIGURE 2-3
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MANHOLE BASE
PIPE
C
L
C
L PIPE
1. ALIGN PIPE CENTERLINES AT IDENTICAL SLOPES.
2. CHANNEL MANHOLE BASE SMOOTHLY FROM PIPE I.D. TO PIPE I.D.,
ALLOWING FOR THICKNESS OF POLYURETHANE COATING OF CHANNEL.
PIPES SAME DIAMETER
STRAIGHT THROUGH FLOW
h
h
SHOW INVERT
ELEVATION AT
FACE OF PIPE
SHOW INVERT
ELEVATION AT
FACE OF PIPE
PIPE LOCATIONS FOR STRAIGHT THROUGH FLOW
FIGURE 2-4
Color Table
Pen Table
This text is .12 high when plotted
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MANHOLE BASE
PIPE
C
L
PIPE
C
L
1. ALIGN PIPE CENTERLINES AT IDENTICAL SLOPES.
2. CHANNEL MANHOLE BASE SMOOTHLY FROM PIPE I.D. TO PIPE I.D.,
ALLOWING FOR THICKNESS OF POLYURETHANE COATING OF CHANNEL.
OUTLET PIPE LARGER THAN INLET
STRAIGHT THROUGH FLOW
h
h
SHOW INVERT
ELEVATION AT
FACE OF PIPE
SHOW INVERT
ELEVATION AT
FACE OF PIPE
PIPE LOCATIONS FOR STRAIGHT THROUGH FLOW
FIGURE 2-5
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Color Table
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S
E
W
E
R

M
A
I
N
4" PVC SEWER
LATERAL PER
RSD S-13
CLEANOUT
P
L
TO HOUSE
(No Scale)
PLAN VIEW
P
L
PROFILE
10
+
-
8" CAST IRON
GATE CAP
MARKED "SEWER"
6"
12"
45
o
ELL
TO HOUSE
WYE
45
o
ELL
(No Scale)
CONCRETE SHALL BE 6" THICK
AROUND CLEANOUT BOX
5
4" LATERAL
PRECAST CONCRETE
CLEAN OUT TYPE "A"
BCA OR EQUIVALENT
CLEAN OUT
CAP
PRIVATE SEWER LATERAL IN CONCRETE CEMENT DRIVEWAY
FIGURE 2-6
$
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CHAPTER 3 EASEMENTS AND ENCROACHMENTS

3.1 GENERAL

This chapter addresses the different types of easements and encroachments for
sewer systems.

The City shall have permanent easements for all sewer facilities that are
outside of the public right-of-way or outside of lots owned in fee title by the
City of San Diego.

All plans for new easements within the limits of a proposed project and
proposed encroachments into new or existing City easements or facilities shall
be routed through the Development Services Department, Wastewater Review
Section for review and approval.

Any existing substandard easements, within the limits of a proposed project,
shall be upgraded to current standards prior to the approval of any
improvement permit by the Development Services Department.

In determining the proper easement width for a wastewater facility, there are
two independent criteria which must be considered. The first criterion is
based on the ability of construction equipment to access the main and laterals
for emergency maintenance or replacement. The second criterion is based on
vehicular access to manholes and appurtenances where a continuous road
along the sewer alignment is not available. These criteria incorporate
constructability concerns, access, maintenance issues, and other special design
requirements.

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall determine the required easement width, based
on an independent analysis of each of these sets of criteria, and shall utilize
the larger of the two required easement widths, which shall govern.

3.2 EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Location of Easements

3.2.1.1 Preferred Location

Where the DESIGN ENGINEER has the choice of locating the sewer main in
a street or in an easement, the sewer main shall be located in the street. The
DESIGN ENGINEER must satisfactorily demonstrate that no other reasonable
alternative alignment exists prior to requesting permission to locate a sewer,
trunk sewer, or sewer force main within an easement.
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3.2.1.2 Easements within Lots

Easements shall be located entirely within one lot or parcel and longitudinally
adjacent to the property line. Bisecting a lot with an easement shall not be
permitted. Existing sewers within easements which cut across an
undeveloped lot shall be considered temporary and shall be relocated to streets
or adjacent to the property line, as a condition of development.

3.2.1.3 Non-Contiguous Sewer Easement Roads

Wherever possible, the sewer easement and access road shall be co-located.
Where access along the sewer easement is interrupted by slopes, curbs,
landscaping, etc., a separate access easement and road shall be provided to
each manhole, isolated section of main, or other appurtenant structure. Where
the sewer is located in an easement which is not for the exclusive use of sewer
maintenance vehicles, the easement and access road shall be designed per the
requirements of Section 3.2.3.1.

3.2.1.4 Fenced Easements

Easements secured by fencing shall have a locked vehicular access gate. Keys
to the lock shall be provided to the various utility agencies with facilities
enclosed by the fenced area.

3.2.2 Easement Width

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall determine the required easement width based
on the criteria described below, and as summarized in Table 3-1. As indicated
in Table 3-1, the required easement width shall be cumulative, based on a
summation of design factors. In all cases, the easement width shall be
adequate to ensure that excavation of the sewer mains can be accomplished in
compliance with all OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
and Cal-OSHA requirements with the use of standard shoring techniques.
Construction details may be required by the Senior Civil Engineer to verify
that the easement width is adequate. Special shoring and bracing techniques
are not an acceptable alternative to providing adequate easement width since
these methods cannot always be utilized in emergency situations.

3.2.2.1 Minimum Width - Sewer Depths Less than 10 Feet

In accordance with Council Policy 600-4, minimum widths for sewer
easements shall be as follows:

Sewer mains 15 inches in diameter and less shall require a minimum 15- foot
wide easement. A minimum 20- foot wide easement shall be required for 18-
inch to 33-inch diameter mains and a minimum 25-foot wide easement shall
be required for mains 36 inches in diameter and larger. Additional easement
width, beyond the prescribed minimum 25 feet, may be required for sewer
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mains 36 inches in diameter and larger. (Refer to Table 3-1, A Width).

3.2.2.2 Sewer Depths Greater Than 10 Feet

Wider easements shall be required when the sewer pipe is placed at depths
greater than ten feet, measured from finished grade to the invert elevation. In
such cases, the easement or road width shall be increased beyond the
minimum A widths required for the sewer in this chapter by a minimum of
2 feet for each additional foot of depth beyond 10 feet in order to permit a
one-to-one slope on each side of the trench. Allowable distances between
adjacent utilities should be adjusted accordingly so that the sewer may be
repaired without disruption to adjacent utilities. Required widths for a reach of
pipe shall be uniform from manhole to manhole and shall be based on the
deepest section for that reach of pipe. Deep sewers (greater than 15 feet)
require special approval (see Subsection 2.2.1.5), they may also require
additional easement width (refer to Table 3-1, B Width).

3.2.2.3 Structures Adjacent to Easement

A minimum of five feet of additional easement width shall be required for
sewer mains which are located in areas difficult to access, such as adjacent to
a building. Easements with the potential for structures on one side of the
easement require 5 feet of additional width. If structures could be constructed
on both sides of the easement, provide 10 feet of additional width (refer to
Table 3-1, C Width). This requirement may be waived if the property
adjacent to the sewer easement has a level building-setback area which is at
least five feet in width exclusive of the easement.

3.2.2.4 Multiple-Use Easements

Easements containing more than one utility line shall require a minimum of 10
feet additional width for each additional utility (refer to Table 3-1, D
Width). Deviations from this requirement may be allowed on a case-by-case
basis.

3.2.2.5 Easements in Open Space Areas

Easements in open space shall require a minimum of 5 feet additional width
(refer to Table 3-1, E Width).

3.2.2.6 Easements in Dedicated Parklands

City Charter, Section 55 allows for the installation of underground facilities
within dedicated parklands provided the surface of the land is restored to its
original condition and the facility does not detract from the use of the land for
park and recreational purposes. Sewers through dedicated parklands shall be
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centered over a sewer maintenance corridor which shall be designated on the
plans and shall be in agreement to the width and requirements for easement
mains. Sewer access roads to appurtenances shall also be shown as
Designated Sewer Access Road. The easement shall require a minimum of
5-foot of additional width (refer to Table 3-1, F Width).

3.2.2.7 Easements in Commercial/Business Property and/or Private Streets

Easements located in commercial/business property, and/or private streets,
private driveways of industrial complexes, apartment complexes, subdivisions
with private streets, and condominium complexes, that are required for
vehicular access for sewer maintenance, shall be 20 feet wide minimum and
paved the full width of the easement. Additional easement widths may be
required (refer to Table 3-1, G Width). The minimum width of a street is 28
feet per the Street Design Manual. Where additional easement width is
required, the entire easement shall be paved. Public sewers are not permitted
within single lots unless they serve off-site customers. If excavation for the
main would eliminate vehicular or pedestrian access to the parking lot, a fire
lane, or the entrance to the building or access to homes or businesses,
additional easement shall be provided as determined by the Senior Civil
Engineer. If emergency access is governing the width of the easement, the
engineer may consider providing redundant access.

3.2.2.8 Easements Adjacent to Slopes, Buildings, or Retaining Walls

Any sewer easements adjacent to slopes, buildings, or retaining walls shall
require special design and calculations by a Registered Civil Engineer to show
that there will be no adverse loading on the sewer and that the limits of the
trenching operations for sewer repair or replacement will be outside the area
of influence of the slopes, buildings, or retaining walls (refer to Table 3-1, H
Width). Additional easement shall be provided as determined by the Senior
Civil Engineer.

3.2.2.9 Easements in Areas with Special Soil or Geotechnical Concerns

Standard easement widths are based on stable soils that can safely stand
vertical with standard shoring techniques. In areas where soil conditions
dictate, additional easement width may be required in order to assure adequate
width for open-cut replacement of the sewer mains. The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall provide construction details, as required by the Senior Civil
Engineer, to verify that excavation of the sewer mains can be accomplished in
compliance with all OSHA and Cal-OSHA requirements using standard
shoring techniques. Special shoring and bracing techniques are not an
acceptable alternative to providing adequate easement width since these
methods cannot always be utilized in emergency situations (refer to Table 3-1,
I Width).
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3.2.2.10 Easement Width Rounding

In calculating the required easement width, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall
round up the calculated easement width to the nearest 5 feet.

TABLE 3-1

WORKSHEET FOR CALCULATING REQUIRED SEWER EASEMENT WIDTHS

Refer
to
Sectio
n

Width
Addition
Referenc
e

Condition:

Width Addition Calculation:

Required
Minimum
Easement
Width:

Comments:

3.2.2.1

A
Width

Sewer Depths of 10 feet or
less:

Diameter < 18 inches

Diameter of 18" to 33"

Diameter > 33 inches

A Width =
15 ft

A Width =
20 ft

A Width =
25 ft

Larger sewer mains
may require additional
A easement width as
determined by the
Senior Civil Engineer
and special approval.

3.2.2.2

B
Width

Sewer Depth Exceeds 10 feet:

For all pipe sizes, add to the
minimum as follows:

B Width = (Total Depth -
10' ) x2

Add Widths =
A + B

Deep sewers (greater
than 20 feet) require
special approval by the
Senior Civil Engineer
and shall require
additional easement
width.

3.2.2.3

C
Width

There are existing or potential
structures on either side of the
proposed sewer easement:

minimum as follows:

C Width = (No. of sides
with adjacent structures ) x 5

Add Widths =
A + B +
C

Easements with the
potential for structures
on one side of the
easement require 5
feet of additional
width. If structures
could be constructed
on both sides of the
easement, provide 10
feet of additional
width.

3.2.2.4

D
Width

There are additional utilities
in the easement:

minimum as follows:

Add Widths =
A + B +

Any additional utilities
must also comply with
the minimum
separation
requirements.
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D Width = (No. of
additional utilities.) x 10
C + D

3.2.2.5

E
Width

The Sewer is located in Open
Space

minimum as follows:

E Width = 5

Add Widths =
A + B +
C + D +
E

The width of the
paved section within
the easement to be
determined in section
Subsection 3.2.6

3.2.2.6

F
Width

The sewer is located in
Dedicated Parkland:

minimum as follows:

F Width = 5

Add Widths =
A + B +
C + D +
E + F

3.2.2.7

G
Width

The sewer is located in
Commercial/Business
Property or Private Streets:

The minimum width shall be
20 feet and 28 feet where the
road serves more than one lot.

minimum as follows:

G Width = Based on
Consultation

Add Widths =
A + B +
C + D +
E + F +
G

If excavation for the
main would eliminate
vehicular or pedestrian
access to the parking
lot or entrance to the
building or precludes
emergency vehicles,
additional easement
shall be provided as
determined based on a
consultation with the

3.2.2.8

H
Width

The easement is adjacent to
slopes, retaining walls or
other special site or building
construction:

minimum as follows:

H Width = Based on
Consultation

Add Widths =
A + B +
C + D +
E + F +
G + H

Special design and
calculation by a
Registered Civil
Engineer to show
sufficient easement
width and pipeline
placement for required
construction and/or
repair operations.
Consult with the

3.2.2.9

I
Width

The easement is in an area
with special soil or other
geotechnical concerns:

Special design and
calculation by a
Registered Civil
Engineer to show
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minimum as follows:

I Width = Based on
Consultation
Add Widths =
A + B +
C + D +
E + F +
G + H +
I
sufficient easement
width and pipeline
placement for required
construction and/or
repair operations.
Consult with the

3.2.3 Access Road Requirements

3.2.3.1 Standard Sewer Access Roads

Access roads must be provided to all sewer main appurtenances (manholes,
junction structures, etc.). Access roads shall be a minimum of 20 feet wide,
with a maximum 15 percent slope, and shall have a minimum asphalt concrete
or Portland cement concrete road section designed for H-20 loading and per
City of San Diego Drawing SDG-113, Schedule J. Where access roads are
not for the exclusive use of sewer maintenance vehicles, the road shall be
designed to maintain pedestrian and/or vehicular access (as applicable) during
sewer main repair and maintenance operations and shall be a minimum of 24
feet in width. The minimum turning radius for access roads shall be 30 feet
for right angle turns and 50 feet for turnarounds per City of San Diego
Drawing FHPS-101. All dead-end access roads longer than 150 feet shall
have a turnaround consistent with City of San Diego Drawing FHPS-101.

3.2.3.2 Access Roads in Open Space

This section is for open space locations other than canyon and
environmentally sensitive lands as discussed in Section 3.2.3.5. This can be
designated or dedicated property managed by the City. For City-owned open
space, access road requirements shall be approved by the managing
department. Access roads in open space shall be graded level for 20 feet in
width. The roadbed section shall be centered over the sewer main where
possible. The improved roadbed shall be a minimum of 12 feet wide and shall
be designed for H-20 loading and per City of San Diego Drawing SDG-113,
Schedule J, or equivalent. The roadbed shall be topped with an engineered
geotextile filter fabric with a minimum 4 inch decomposed granite surfacing
and soil bonding agent. In open space areas, roadways with slopes of 9 to 15
percent shall be topped with colored concrete to match the natural soil color.
The surface shall be treated to mimic a natural trail and the first 12 inches past
the edge of pavement will incorporate soil stabilizing if slopes exceed 4%. No
asphalt products shall be used in open space easements. In open space areas,
an equivalent section of recycled, Class II base, free of oil-based products,
may be used in lieu of Cement Treated Base (CTB). Consideration should be
given to environmental impacts of required access roads so that the impacts of
the roads can be addressed in the environmental document during the early
stages of a project. Access roads should be located in geotechnically stable
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areas, away from environmentally sensitive areas, and a minimum of two feet
above the 100- year flood plain, based on the ultimate development of the
drainage basin.

3.2.3.3 Access Roads in Dedicated Parklands

Sidewalks and driveways within access roads shall be upgraded to H-20
loading. Special reinforcing is required at expansion joints to prevent failure
at the corners. Sewer facilities and access roads must be approved by the
Park and Recreation Department.

3.2.3.4 Access Roads in Residential Side Yards

A sewer access road to a manhole, which is located in a residential side yard,
may be reduced to 12 feet in width provided the sewer is upgraded to full
encasement, from manhole to manhole. This provision is only applicable in
cases where there are no lateral connections to the side yard sewer. This
provision does not provide for a reduction in the required sewer easement
width as defined in Table 3-1.

3.2.3.5 Access Roads in Canyons and Environmentally Sensitive Lands

a. Access Roads in canyons and environmentally sensitive lands shall be
constructed in conformance with the requirements of Council Policy
400-13. In agreement with this policy, access requirements to the sewer
mains and/or appurtenant structures shall be determined in compliance
with an approved sewer Maintenance Access Plan. Access requirements
shall address specific locations to be accessible and types of sewer
maintenance equipment required at each specific access point. Based on
the plan, the required access roads and their alignment shall be
determined and indicated on the design plans.

b. Where sewer access roads are required by the Maintenance Access Plan
for the heaviest sewer maintenance vehicles, such as vactors and rodding
trucks, the road shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of
Subsection 3.2.3.2 and Council Policy 400-13.

c. Where sewer access roads are restricted to canyon proficient sewer
maintenance vehicles, they shall be constructed in conformance with
Council Policy 400-13. The bench shall be limited to the width of the
road plus the area adjacent to the road that is required to meet grades.
Slopes shall comply with the requirements of the City of San Diego,
Land Development Code. When pipelines are constructed utilizing
bench grading, the grading can be left in place with appropriate erosion
control measures. It is not typically required to restore original contours.
However, cut and fill slopes shall be restored to the maximum extent
feasible to resemble natural undulating contours. Avoid benching and
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major grading in riparian habitat. Pipelines transitioning cut/fill areas
shall have a soils report. In designing the grading of the sewer access
road, the maximum allowable slopes, both down slope and cross slope,
shall not exceed the allowable criteria listed below in item d).

d. Access roads for canyon proficient vehicles shall comply with the
following design criteria:

Maximum allowable down slope: 25%
Maximum allowable cross slope: 12%
Maximum allowable dead-end section: 15-foot length
Minimum allowable turning circle radius: 35 feet
Minimum width of road: 8 feet

e. The access road shall be designed to provide for control of runoff and
drainage in order to prevent erosion of the surface and adjacent slopes.

f. Provide access to the sewer mains, manholes, and appurtenances as
required by the sewer Maintenance Access Plan. Design of sewer access
roads shall take into account the need for possible future pipeline repairs
and minimizing impacts during such repair times i.e. provide necessary
width of access road. If possible, locate sewer access roads centered
over the pipeline.

g. Where access roads cross a stream, ditch, or other depression that cannot
be forded by maintenance equipment, the designer shall consider the
feasibility of the following improvements listed in order of preference:
temporary bridge, ford, and culvert. The designer shall recommend a
preferred crossing and shall provide justification for the choice.

h. Where an access road surface is subject to becoming undetectable over
time, the designer shall propose a mechanism, other than a global
positioning system, by which maintenance crews can find and follow the
path in the future.

i. Shrub plantings that will overgrow the access road shall not be planted
in the first 3 feet adjacent to the edges of the road surface.

3.2.4 Location of Utilities within an Easement

3.2.4.1 General

The sewer main shall be centered in the easement. Other factors, such as
additional utilities in the easement, or adjacent slopes may dictate that the
sewer main not be placed in the center of the easement. The minimum
distance from the edge of the pavement and edge of the easement to edge of
sewer main shall be 10 feet. Paving width may be reduced in areas where
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there is no public access.

3.2.4.2 Additional Utilities

Wider easements shall be required where additional utilities are located in the
same easement (refer to Table 3-1D Width). The sewer shall be located a
minimum of 10 feet from the edge of pavement and 10 feet, edge to edge,
from all other utilities. Deviations may be permitted on a case-by-case basis
in accordance with Subsection 2.2.5. In cases where the easement contains
water and sewer mains, the water main shall be located 6 feet to the south or
east of the centerline, and the sewer main 6 feet to the north or west of the
centerline. If the invert elevations of a storm drain located adjacent to a sewer
differ by more than 5 feet, additional easement width will be required.
Distances shall be measured between all utilities from edge to edge. Where
additional easement width is required, the entire easement shall be paved.

3.2.4.3 Sewer Laterals in a Private Street Easement

Laterals are not permitted in private street easement mains unless the
easement is a minimum 28 feet wide and paved full width (refer to Subsection
2.2.5).

3.2.4.4 Private Easements

Separate easements shall be required for utilities owned by agencies or
companies other than the City of San Diego.

3.3 ENCROACHMENTS

3.3.1 General

Encroachments into sewer easements shall be consistent with City Council
Policy 700-18. Construction of permanent structures shall not be allowed
over a sewer main or in sewer easements.

3.3.2 Structures in Easements

In cases where the DESIGN ENGINEER wishes to locate a permanent
structure in an existing easement, the existing main and easement shall be
relocated to a location acceptable to MWWD. Existing laterals or services
shall be rerouted to a location acceptable to the owners and reconnected to the
new main. Upon acceptance of such relocation, the existing main and the
easement shall be abandoned. All costs of such relocation work shall be the
responsibility of the requesting party.

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In certain exceptional cases, it may be possible to construct a permanent
structure within a sewer easement. A design deviation request
(ATTACHMENT 2) shall be submitted for approval by the Senior Civil
Engineer and MWWD. If the encroachment is allowed, the existing main
shall be replaced in place in a protective, reinforced concrete casing
acceptable to MWWD. For sewers at standard depths (6 to 10 feet) the casing
shall extend a minimum of 15 feet beyond the encroaching structure to allow
excavation and pipe replacement without jeopardizing the structure.
Additional casing or easement width may be required to allow for an adequate
construction zone. Load calculations shall be prepared by a registered civil
engineer demonstrating that the casing will withstand all transmitted loads.
This alternative applies only to encroachments with a maximum length of 200
feet and where there are no lateral connections. In addition, the structure shall
not be located on top of a manhole or other appurtenances (valve, vault, etc.)
nor shall it impede access to these facilities. Typical structures which may be
allowed include detached carports, fountains, kiosks, patios, and other non-
habitable facilities. The casing shall be the diameter of the main plus 12
inches (min. 24 inches) with full height skids and end seals. In such cases, the
Senior Civil Engineer shall analyze and assess the potential damage that may
be caused by future breaks. If the assessed value is too high, then the
encroachment will not be permitted. In all cases where the encroachment is
approved, an Encroachment, Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA)
shall be required.

3.3.3 Other Encroachments

Trees and shrubs that mature above 3 feet in height shall not be permitted
within 10 feet of sewer mains. Lighting poles, power conductors, pressurized
water lines, retaining walls and other encroachments shall be limited and
approved by the Senior Civil Engineer, Wastewater Review Section,
Development Services Department. These facilities shall be clearly shown on
the public improvement plans. If approved, these encroachments shall require
an EMRA.

3.4 EASEMENT RESEARCH

All easements are granted by a subdivision or parcel map, "granted hereon",
or by "B" sheet, C sheet, or D sheet City drawings. These maps and
documents are recorded at the Office of the County Recorder and they become
public record. The DESIGN ENGINEER may also research the grant deed
title by either a map or a document that confirms the existence of an easement.

3.4.1 Easements Granted by Subdivision or Parcel Map

Easements granted by map can be confirmed by using the following steps:

a. The 100 scale base map shall be reviewed to obtain the legal description
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(Lot, Block, and Map No.) of the subject property.

b. A copy of the subdivision or parcel map shall be obtained from the
Engineering Maps and Records Section of the Land Development
Review Division. Subdivision maps are filed in numerical order under
"S"; parcel maps under "H".

c. The subject area shall be located on the map and whether the easement is
on the map shall be determined. The easement may be noted as "granted
hereon" or "existing". Existing easements shall be identified with the
granting source reference (deed recording information or previously
recorded map number).

If the subject easement is not shown on a map, the easement may still exist,
especially in older areas of the City that were subdivided prior to utility
(sewer) installation.

3.4.2 Easements by Grant Deed

Easements by grant deed sometimes require extensive research, including one
or more of the following procedures:

3.4.2.1 Search by the City Clerk

When an easement is accepted by the City, it is processed by the City Clerk
and receives a resolution number. Recent information (since 1945) is on a
computerized index and can easily be retrieved by providing the legal
description (subdivision name and lot number) or the grantor's name, "while
you wait." The City Clerk has personnel to provide information and perform
searches. For lengthy searches (non-computer), there is typically a backlog on
a first-come first-served basis (expect to wait at least 6 weeks for a response).
For interdepartmental search inquiries, there is a standard request form to fill
out which includes the name, department, and phone number of the requestor.
The more information provided, the more thorough the search will be. As a
minimum, the following information will be required:

a. Legal description of the property

Name of owner(s) and date(s) contained on the "Sewer Connection
Order" for the property's sewer lateral. This information is filed by "Tap
No." at Water Operations Maps and Records. The tap numbers for the
sewer laterals are shown on the "100 scale" sewer base maps. These
maps can be viewed on the third floor of the Development Services
Center or by appointment with the DSD, Wastewater Review Section.

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3.4.2.2 Improvement Plan Inspection for Easements

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall obtain improvement drawing numbers for
existing improvements from the "100 scale" sewer base maps and/or from
other record information, e.g. reference drawings. Reference drawing
information may be found by using the index. Listings are alphabetical and
by Lambert coordinate location.

Easements or rights-of-way that are shown in the plan view on an
improvement drawing for reference and information as "B" sheet easement
plats are not always recorded easements and are missing easement recording
information. "B" sheet plats may exist for easements that were never
acquired. However, there is a greater chance of there being an easement when
the number of a "B" sheet is shown on the plans than when there is not. Make
a note of the "B" sheet number shown on the improvement plans or the
easement plat number for later use in the title search and also note the date of
easement acquisition.

3.4.2.3 Search at the County Recorder

The County Recorder is located in the County Administration Building at
1600 Pacific Highway. All recorded documents are on file there. The
documents are indexed chronologically by recording date/document number
(e.g. 73-345678) and alphabetically by grantor and grantee name. To begin a
search for a particular easement grant deed, the DESIGN ENGINEER will
need to know one or more of the following:

a. Document number and recording date: These can be obtained from
the Citys mainframe computer system via IMSPROD/FOR
SITE/OWNERSHIP.
b. Grantor name, former owner of the property (Grantee is the City of San
Diego) and the approximate date of easement acquisition.

In performing the easement search, look through old microfilmed
documents for one which encumbers the subject property. The search
can be lengthy and time consuming, but knowing the document number
and recording date makes the job easier. However, just because the
easement does not appear on the current grant deed, it does not
necessarily mean that the easement does not, or never did, exist. It may
have been overlooked by the title insurance search and not transferred to
the current grant deed. If information is not known about the past
owners or potential easement grantors, start with the current ownership
and perform a "title search" to identify past ownership. The current
owner will be on file at the County Assessor's Office. Ownership
information is available either via the City's mainframe computer system
or over the phone, given the assessor's parcel number for the property.
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The grant deed recording information is also available. The name of the
previous owner (grantee of the property) is obtained by inspection of the
grant deed.
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CHAPTER 4 SEWER MAIN BRIDGE CROSSING DESIGN

4.1 GENERAL

This Chapter addresses the design requirements for sewer mains built in
bridge crossings, acceptable materials, and special items to be considered in
utility bridge crossings. Corrosion control requirements may be found in
Chapter 6.

4.2 PERMITS

4.2.1 City

A City Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement (EMRA) will
not be required for installation of City maintained sewer pipelines and related
utilities on City-owned bridges. However, compliance with these guidelines
for pipeline installation on bridges will be required. Coordination between
the bridge DESIGN ENGINEER and the MWWD, Wastewater Collections
Senior Engineer is essential. Pre-design meetings shall be arranged prior to
making any final design recommendation on a bridge project.

4.2.2 CALTRANS

A CALTRANS Encroachment Permit will be required for installation of any
sewer pipeline and related utility on a CALTRANS bridge. This will require
conforming to the requirements of the latest edition of the "CALTRANS
Manual of Encroachment Permits, Encroachments on Bridges."

4.3 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

4.3.1 General Design

4.3.1.1 Design Considerations

Consider the use of alternative pipeline locations and configurations, such as
routing the pipeline around the bridge or using multiple, small dimension
pipelines to improve the aesthetics and/or adapt to the physical limitations of
the installation.

4.3.1.2 Design Standards

Use proven and tested engineering and design and construction standards to
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increase reliability and maintainability and to decrease repair frequency.

4.3.1.3 Pipeline Requirements

Provide piping materials suitable for point support and direct, not buried,
exposure. Provide pressure class and wall thicknesses in excess of that
required for the design pressure to provide additional pipe strength and
sacrificial wall material. For example, use a safety factor of 2.25 instead of
2.0; design for pressures 50 to 100 psi greater than anticipated; and, if a wall
thickness of 0.25 inch is required to meet design calculations, use a pipe with
a wall thickness of 0.38 inch.

4.3.1.4 Measures for Future Expansion

Pipeline facilities in bridges shall be sized to accommodate future needs or
provide casing to facilitate future expansion. Where required for redundancy,
provide multiple pipelines.

4.3.1.5 Spare Pipe in Closed Cell Bridges

During construction of closed cell (box girder) type bridges (Figure 4-1) with
an enclosed ductile iron pipe (DIP) system, one additional length of DIP shall
be left in each cell. Seal both ends of extra pipe lengths to prevent
accumulation of debris inside the pipe.

4.3.1.6 Gravity Main Manhole Requirements

Gravity mains shall have manholes on each end of the structure. Manholes
shall be within 25 to 40 feet beyond the end of the structure.

4.3.1.7 Force Main Isolation Valves

Force mains shall have isolation shut-off valves on each end of the structure.
Shut-off valves are required to be easily accessible and within 25 to 40 feet
beyond the end of the structure.

4.3.1.8 Access Vaults and Sleeves

All access vaults and sleeves through abutments and bridge sections shall be
sized to accommodate all pipe sections and fittings installed within the
bridge. Provide an access vault at each abutment sized to accommodate
future pipe realignments.

4.3.2 Pipeline Locations

Pipelines and appurtenances shall be located under the shoulder or sidewalk
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area (i.e., between the exterior and first girder; see Figures 4-1 and 4-2). In
box girder type bridges, no other utilities shall be installed in the same cell as
sewer pipelines and appurtenances.

On slab type bridges, sewer force mains shall be suspended beneath the
structure near the outer edge of the bridge or deck where vertical clearance or
freedom of movement for personnel and equipment is available (see Figure
4-3).

On all types of dual bridges, sewer force mains shall be suspended along the
outside of the structure between the dual bridges (see Figure 4-4). Where the
mains cannot be readily accessed from underneath the bridge, the dual
bridges shall be separated sufficiently to accommodate suspended scaffolding
for maintenance and repairs.

4.3.3 Access Requirements

In box and open girder-type bridges, provide entry access for materials and
equipment for operation, inspection, maintenance, and repair of all pipelines
and appurtenances. Refer to bridge type details (see Figures 4-1 and 4-2) for
notes on access requirements.

Access hatches for pipelines and other utilities shall be at least 2 ft x 3 ft (see
Figures 4-1 and 4-2), oriented with the long axis parallel to the pipe. Provide
a minimum of two access hatches per bridge cell.

Where adequate access to utilities can be provided for maintenance, pipelines
and appurtenances shall not be exposed to view.

4.3.4 Loading Considerations

Pipelines shall be designed for all imposed loads. Calculations shall include
checks for internal pressure, hydraulic transients, seismic, and wind loads.
Longitudinal deflection shall be limited to L/360. All thrust forces shall be
calculated and resisted. Maximum thermal expansion and contraction shall
be calculated and accommodated. Check bending, shear, and local buckling
at supports.

Design to accommodate differential movement between bridge and pipeline
materials due to traffic loading, thermal expansion, seismic loading, etc.

Provide expansion joints to accommodate relative expansion and contraction
between the bridge and the pipeline, typically resulting from thermal effects.
Since this type of movement is only in the axial direction, angular or
translational movement expansion joints shall be anchored at one location,
with the remaining supports allowing axial movement. Pipelines shall be
anchored at all bends, valves, tees, and other thrust producing fittings with
expansion joints located appropriately.
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Provide flexible joints to accommodate differential settlement, rotation, and
axial movement between adjacent sections of pipeline where such movement
is expected. This type of movement is expected at the junction between
bridge and abutment (see Figure 4-5), between abutment and embankment,
and between soil masses with differing compaction, loading, and settlement
characteristics. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide a basis of any
design reports and design calculations.

Confirm that pipelines in the vicinity of an abutment to an embankment
transition are capable of accommodating large amounts of differential
movement. Submit calculations with plans to the City Project Manager or
plan reviewer.

4.4 PIPELINE MATERIALS

4.4.1 Pipe Requirements

4.4.1.1 Ductile Iron Pipe : Ductile iron pipe shall conform to AWWA C150 and
C151. Pipe shall be coated and lined in accordance with Chapter 6.

4.4.2 Pipeline Casing

If a pipeline passes over a freeway, primary road or railroad, it must be
enclosed in a casing. A box girder cell (See Figure 4-1) may be considered in
lieu of the encasement if access is available for the full length of the pipeline
in the structure, the pipeline is constructed of metal pipe, and provisions are
made to adequately drain the cell in the event of pipe rupture. Special
attention shall be given to pipelines under pressure.

The casing shall extend beyond the abutment and the backfill area such that
any leakage in the pipe will not flow under or around the bridge abutments or
approach slabs. The casing shall be sealed at the higher end with provision
for drainage at the lower end.

4.4.3 Available Joint Types and Characteristics

4.4.3.1 Flanged Connection: Provides complete restraint against all movement. A
flanged connection has a limited tolerance for misalignment.

4.4.3.2 Push-on Joint: (For example Tyton, Fastite, etc.). Restraint against
movement is limited to friction between pipe and gasket. Restraint against
axial movement can be increased by using special configurations and
accessories. These configurations typically also prevent angular and
translational movement, and thus are not suitable where movement other than
axial is desired. Tolerance for misalignment is good. Many of the special
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configurations require special bell end casting as well, thus special pipe
purchases are required.

4.4.3.3 Mechanical Joint : Restraint against movement is limited to friction between
pipe and gasket. Restraint against axial movement can be increased by using
special gasket retainer glands, e.g. EBAA Iron's Megalug, or other special
configurations, e.g. Pacific States' Lock Mechanical Joint. These
configurations typically also prevent angular and translational movement as
well, and thus are not suitable where movement other than axial is desired.
Tolerance for misalignment is good.

4.4.3.4 Restrained Push-on Joint : (For example Super-Lock Tyton, Restrained
Tyton, Boltless Restrained Fastite, TR-Flex). Provides restraint against axial
movement with allowance for limited angular and translational movements.
No expansion capability exists. Has good allowance for misalignment.

4.4.3.5 Ball and Socket Joint : (For example USIFLEX, Clow River Crossing
Pipe). Provides restraint against angular movement with allowance for large
axial movement. When two or more joints are provided, it can accommodate
large translational movement. Limited expansion and contraction capabilities
exists. Has good allowance for misalignment.

4.4.4 Joint Application Considerations

4.4.4.1 Joints for Ductile Iron Pipe: Restrained joints may be flanged type, or of
other types with appropriate restraint features. If joints restrained against
axial movement are used on bridges, the pipeline must be properly anchored
and equipped with expansion joints. Intermediate supports must allow axial
movement.

Sleeve couplings or mechanical and push-on joints may be used on bridges if
each length of pipe is anchored. Joints must be capable of accommodating
the expansion and contraction of each length of pipe, and must not be
restrained. Anchor supports shall be located at the bell end of the pipe.
Intermediate supports must allow axial movement.

4.4.4.2 Expansion Joints: Expansion joints may be the bellows type, or slip type
with packing Bellows shall be stainless steel, or elastomeric if available in
the size, pressure class, and desired movement capability. Expansion joints
shall not require limit rods (long bolts spanning the joint) if pipeline sections
are properly anchored and single end expansion joints are used. Expansion
joints for pipelines carrying sewage shall be designed to avoid trapping
solids. Piping on either side of expansion joints shall be properly supported
to minimize stresses on the expansion joint itself. A support directly below
the expansion joint may be required.

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4.4.4.3 Joints at Transitions : Bellows type expansion joints may provide sufficient
angular and translational movement capability for use at the bridge to
abutment transition, if not restrained against movement in those directions.

The pipeline in the vicinity of the abutment to embankment transition shall
be capable of accommodating large amounts of differential movement.
Where a casing is required, the casing shall provide sufficient rigidity to
prevent pipe damage, and a flexible coupling shall be provided at the end of
the casing. Where a casing is not provided, multiple flexible couplings or an
expansion joint with ball and socket river crossing joint at each end shall be
provided.

4.4.5 Cathodic Protection

Pipelines shall comply with all corrosion control requirements in Chapter 6.

All ductile iron pipeline sections shall be made electrically continuous to
facilitate future installation of cathodic protection for the pipeline. Wax tape
coating system shall be provided for each ductile/cast iron fitting on PVC
piping. For additional corrosion protection information, refer to Chapter 6.

4.5 SUPPORTS

Spacing of pipeline supports is dependent on the beam strength and rigidity
of the pipe material and on bearing considerations at the supports. Supports
must be designed to provide anchorage or axial movement as required by
pipeline construction (see Figures 4-6, 4-7, and 4-8). Supports must be
equipped with rollers or pipe saddles which can be lubricated.
Provide neoprene and separate Type 316 stainless steel plate saddle supports
to electrically isolate the pipe from the bridge, in case pipeline cathodic
protection is provided as part of the immediate or future project.
Design supports to provide free draining conditions and avoid trapping
pockets of liquid or air in the pipeline.

4.6 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The inside diameter of penetrations and casings through pier caps, pile caps,
abutments, or other transverse structural components of the bridge shall be at
least 8 inches larger than the largest pipe dimension (including bells or
flanges, etc.), including considerations for future required pipe sizes.

Measures shall be provided to prevent unauthorized access to pipelines.
SHOULDER
AREA
LOCATE PIPELINE WITHIN
CELL IN SHOULDER AREA

SHOULDER
AREA
ALL FORMING MATERIALS AND DEBRIS SHALL BE COMPLETELY
REMOVED FROM CELLS WHICH CARRY WATER AND SEWER MAINS.
NOTE:
NOTE ON PLANS:
ALL DETAILS SHOWN FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY. DESIGNER SHALL
ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETE AND ADEQUATE
DESIGN OF ALL COMPONENTS.
BOX GIRDER-TYPE BRIDGE
FORCE MAIN INSTALLATION IN
PROVIDE 2 X 3 ENTRY
ACCESS IN EACH SPAN.
a
a
a
FIGURE 4-1
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$
SUSPEND PIPE BENEATH
BRIDGE IN SHOULDER AREA.
SHOULDER
AREA
PROVIDE 2 X 3 MANENTRY
ACCESS IN EACH SPAN.
NOTE:
FORCE MAIN INSTALLATION ON
OPEN GIRDER-TYPE BRIDGE
a
FIGURE 4-2
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$

SUSPEND BENEATH STRUCTURE NEAR
EDGE OF DECK WHERE VERTICAL
CLEARANCE OR FREEDOM PERMITS.

NOTE:
ATTACH TO SIDE
OF STRUCTURE
FORCE MAIN INSTALLATION
ON SLAB TYPE BRIDGE
FIGURE 4-3
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$
SUSPEND PIPE LINE ALONG OUTSIDE OF
STRUCTURE BETWEEN DUAL STRUCTURES.

NOTE:
FORCE MAIN INSTALLATION ON
DUAL BRIDGES (ALL TYPES)
FIGURE 4-4
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$
$plot$date$time$$ $user$
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$
ABUTMENT
NOTE:
FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS
(2 PLACES)
TWO-PIECE COLLAR
EXPANSION JOINT FILLER
BONDED TO ABUTMENT BACKWALL
ABUTMENT DETAILS
FIGURE 4-5
$12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890$
ROLLER HANGER
DECK SLAB

(SUSPENDED PIPELINE)

DOUBLE ROLLER
HANGER

ADJUSTABLE PIPE
ROLL STAND

BOTTOM SLAB

BOTTOM SLAB

STEEL STRAP

PIPE ROLL STAND
NEOPRENE STRIP
COAT TOP W/GREASE

GALV. SHEET METAL OVER
NEOPRENE STRIP.

NEOPRENE STRIP OVER
PLATE SADDLE (316 SS)
NEOPRENE STRIP OVER
PLATE SADDLE (316 SS)
ALLOW FREEDOM FOR
PIPE TO SLIDE

NOTE:
PIPE SADDLES
FIGURE 4-6
$
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NOTE:
ALL DETAILS SHOWN FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY. DESIGNER
SHALL ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETE AND
ADEQUATE DESIGN OF ALL COMPONENTS.
MERCY ROAD BRIDGE
WATER TRANSMISSION LINE
FIGURE 4-7
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NOTE: NOTE:
ALL DETAILS SHOWN FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY. DESIGNER
SHALL ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETE AND
ADEQUATE DESIGN OF ALL COMPONENTS.
ROBINSON AVENUE BRIDGE
FORCE MAIN
16" FORCE MAIN
FIGURE 4-8
$
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CHAPTER 5 ABANDONMENT OF EXISTING SEWER MAINS AND
MANHOLES

5.1 GENERAL

This chapter addresses the requirements for abandonment of existing sewer
facilities and easements. Abandonment of any existing sewer facilities or
easements, including stubs or dead-end mains, requires the approval of the
MWWD, Wastewater Collection Division, Senior Civil Engineer.

5.2 ABANDONMENT OF SEWER FACILITIES

Existing sewer mains and manholes shall be abandoned in accordance with
the provisions of the most current edition of the Standard Specifications for
Public Works Construction. (AGREENBOOK@)

In addition to AGREENBOOK@requirements, all mains 12 inches in diameter
and larger, which are located outside of a public right-of-way, dedicated
parklands, or open space, shall be sand or grout filled for their entire length
or must be completely removed. As an alternative, a notice of void (see
Exhibit 5-1) shall be recorded with the County Recorder for each affected lot.

All sewer facilities to be abandoned shall be clearly shown on an approved
set of public improvement plans and clearly labeled as ATo Be Abandoned.@
On each sheet of the plans whereon sewer facilities are to be abandoned,
Table 5-1 shall be shown on the plans and completed.

TABLE 5-1

SEWER MAIN ABANDONMENT

SYMBOL

SIZE

TYPE

LENGTH

YEAR
INSTALLED

5.3 ABANDONMENT OF SEWER EASEMENTS

All sewer easements to be abandoned shall be accomplished through the
processing of an easement abandonment application through the
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Development Services Department or, if applicable, per section 66499.202
of the State Subdivision Map Act. As part of the easement abandonment
process, the proposed abandonment shall require the approval of the Senior
Civil Engineer, Wastewater Collection Division, MWWD.
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CHAPTER 6 CORROSION CONTROL

6.1 GENERAL

The purpose of this chapter is to provide general recommendations for
corrosion control. General recommendations for material selection and
protective coatings/linings are briefly summarized in Tables 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3
for sewer facilities. More specific recommendations for sewer applications
are included in Tables 6-6 and 6-7. These guidelines are intended to be used
by the DESIGN ENGINEER in conjunction with the complete version of the
Clean Water Program Corrosion Control Guidelines, Volume I, Chapter 9, and
accepted industry standards and represent a minimum requirement for each
circumstance presented. Where field conditions differ from those presented,
the DESIGN ENGINEER shall evaluate those conditions and make corrosion
control recommendations.

All corrosion control drawings, designs and calculations shall be prepared and
signed by a licensed California Corrosion Control Engineer or a certified,
NACE International Cathodic Protection Specialist.

6.2 MATERIAL SELECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

A variety of options are available for eliminating or minimizing possible
problems arising from corrosive environments. Selection of appropriate
materials for a given service is the most important consideration. It is also
possible, in some cases, to modify the environment to which the materials will
be exposed. The use of coatings or linings can also be effective in controlling
corrosion of materials exposed to corrosive environments. Electrochemical
methods such as cathodic protection are also among the alternatives available
to the DESIGN ENGINEER for the work. It is also important to provide for
monitoring of corrosion activity, where metallic materials are to be used in a
corrosive environment.

The following sections summarize information on the selection and
performance of various materials to be used for sewer facilities in the Greater
San Diego Metropolitan area. Supplemental information is provided in Tables
6-1, 6-2, and 6-3 and in Sections 6.5, ACathodic Protection@, and 6.7, "Coating
and Lining", of this chapter.

6.2.1 Concrete

All concrete pipes, wet wells, and some manholes shall be PVC lined. For
more specifics on manholes, please refer to Chapter 2, Section 2.3.
Reinforced Concrete Pipe, 24 Inches and Greater in Diameter: Coating
shall be 100 percent solids coal tar epoxy. See Table 6-2.
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All concrete sewer pipe and appurtenant structures shall be PVC lined (see
Chapter 2, Figure 2-3) with joint test ports. The lining shall cover, as a
minimum, the top 270 degrees of the pipe. Jacked pipe shall be lined 360
o
.

6.2.2 Steel

Coatings and linings must be considered for all applications of steel. Cathodic
protection is recommended for steel pipe where soil or groundwater resistivity
is less than 10,000 ohm-cm and where steel will be in contact with process
streams. Cathodic protection of steel is required where resistivity is less than
5,000 ohm-cm.

For all exposures, steel should be electrically isolated from dissimilar metals
to prevent the formation of unfavorable galvanic corrosion cells. In areas
where abrasive materials are likely to damage coatings, cathodic protection by
impressed current or galvanic anodes may be desirable.

Steel Pipe 3 Inches and Greater in Diameter: Lining shall be fusion bonded
epoxy or polyurethane. Coating shall be mortar, coal tar enamel, tape wrap,
fusion bonded epoxy, or polyurethane. Linings and coatings shall be
compatible with each other.

6.2.3 Ductile Iron

Ductile Iron pipe must be coated with a bonded coating where soil or
groundwater resistivity is less than 10,000 ohm-cm. Cathodic protection
should be considered in soils and liquids with resistivity between 5,000 and
10,000 ohm-cm, and is required where resistivity is less than 5,000 ohm-cm.
Depending on the specific project, lining may also be required.

All buried ductile and gray cast iron pipe, fittings, valves and appurtenances
shall be coated with a dielectric coating: a liquid epoxy coating system per
AWWA C-210 at 24 mils Minimum Dry Film Thickness (MDFT), or a cold
applied three part system petrolatum wax tape per AWWA C217, or a 100%
polyurethane coating of 24 mils MDFT suitable for buried use.

Ductile Iron Pipe 3 Inches and Greater in Diameter: Lining shall be fusion
bonded epoxy, fusion bonded polyethylene, or polyurethane. Coating shall be
coal tar enamel, fusion bonded epoxy, or polyurethane. Linings and coatings
shall be compatible with each other.

6.2.4 Aluminum

Aluminum is not recommended for use when in contact with soil or process
streams. Aluminum is suitable for atmospheric exposure. It may not be used
in direct contact with concrete; there must be physical isolation between
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aluminum and concrete. Aluminum will corrode in a marine atmosphere
unless it is suitably anodized.

6.2.5 Copper and Brass

Consideration must be given to coating and cathodic protection of copper and
brass used in contact with soil. Care must be taken to prevent direct electrical
connection of piping which is operated at different temperatures. Copper and
brass must not be used in contact with process streams containing residual
chlorine in excess of 2 parts per million (ppm) or in environments with pH
less than 5.5.

Copper or brass piping should not be used without a tape wrap coating and
cathodic protection. Furthermore, when copper or brass is used in an
aggressive environment, it should be electrically isolated from other
structures. If copper piping is used for connection of copper service lines to
plastic mains, this should be accomplished by using brass tapping saddles.

6.2.6 Stainless Steel

Coating and cathodic protection may be considered for stainless steel in soil
and water. Stainless steels may be used in most atmospheric exposures and
may also be used as hardware for connection to steel. Stainless steels should
not be used for complex structures with overlapping bolted connections in soil
or fluid exposures. Bolted connections of this type in soil or fluid exposures
can experience very rapid crevice corrosion.

6.2.7 Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is suitable for use in buried, submerged and
atmospheric exposures. It should not, however, be used in contact with
ketones, esters, aldehydes, and certain other organics commonly found in
leaking underground fuel storage facilities and abandoned chemical storage
sites. Soil tests should be conducted prior to the use of PVC piping in known
or suspected areas of contamination. Its use should be limited to temperatures
less than 140EF. PVC must be protected from ultraviolet radiation exposure by
the use of an appropriate coating system as recommended by the
manufacturer.

6.2.8 Fiberglass

Care should be taken in the use of fiberglass in any piping applications since
failures of some products have occurred in the past due to a breakdown of the
resins and fibers. This material will not normally be used for sewer piping
applications by this Department.

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6.2.9 Vitrified Clay Pipe

Vitrified clay pipe is suitable for exposure to most soil environments. Care
must be taken in using clay pipe because it is brittle. Vitrified clay is the
preferred pipe material for concrete encasement.

TABLE 6-1

MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDE

EXPOSURE

Material

Soil
C NC

Fluid
C NC

Atmospheric
C NC

Concrete

1

2 or S

1

S

2

3

Steel

1

2

1

2

3

3

Aluminum

NR

NR

NR

NR

S

S

Ductile Iron

1

2

1

2

3

3

Copper/Brass

1

S

NR

NR

3

S

Stainless Steel

1

2

S

S

S

S

PVC

S

S

S

S

4

4

Other
Polymeric
Material

S

S

S

S

4

4

FRP
(a)

S

S

S

S

4

4

Clay

S

S

S

S

NR

NR

(a) See Manufacturer's recommendation for specific requirements.
Legend:
1 = Coated and/or Lined & CP
2 = Coated Only (See Coating Section & Corrosion
Monitoring)
3 = Coated Only
4 = Must Provide Ultraviolet Protection
S = Suitable As Is
C = Corrosive
NR = Not Recommended for Service
NC = Non-Corrosive
CP = Cathodic Protection

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TABLE 6-2

COATING SELECTION GUIDE

EXPOSURE

Material

Soil

Fluid

Atmospheric

Concrete

CTE

CTE

URE or CTE

Steel

FBE
PWT
CTE
CMC

FBE

URE
E

Aluminum

NR

NR

L
E

Ductile Iron

FBE
PWT
CTE

E
FBE

URE
E
L

Copper/Brass

PWT
TWC

NR

E
L

Stainless Steel

PWT
TWC
CTE

CNR

CNR

PVC & Other
Polymeric Materials

CNR

CNR

URE (UV Protection
Outside Exposure)

Legend:
TWC = Tape Wrap Coating - 40 Mil Polyethylene Tape
CTE = Coal Tar Epoxy (100% solids)
CMC = Cement Mortar Coated
E = Epoxy High Solids (100%) (Interior Exposure)
URE = Aliphatic Urethane (Exterior)
L = Latex (Acrylic) (Interior Exposure)
CNR = Coating Not Required
PWT = Petrolatum Wax Tape & Filler Paste
FBE = Fusion Bonded Epoxy

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TABLE 6-3

LINING SELECTION GUIDE

Material

Exposure to
Sewer

Concrete

PVC

Steel

FBE

Aluminum

NR

Ductile Iron

FBE

Copper

NR

Stainless Steel

LNR

PVC & Other
Polymeric Material

LNR

Legend:

CML = Cement Mortar Lined
CTE = Coal Tar Epoxy
CMLC = Cement Mortar Lined and Coated
E = Epoxy High Solids (100%)
LNR = Lining Not Required
PR = Polymorphic Resin (For use on concrete surfaces
protecting steel)
P = Polyethylene
FBE = Fusion Bonded Epoxy
PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride (T-Lock)

6.3 PRE-DESIGN SURVEYS

6.3.1 Pre-Design Investigations

Investigation during pre-design surveys of ferrous pipelines requires
determination of the location of other structures, with respect to the proposed
facility, and whether the structures are cathodically protected. In addition, the
operating parameters of the cathodic protection system(s) and resulting stray
currents from adjacent facilities and pipelines need to be determined. This
information should be considered in the design of cathodic protection systems,
coating selection and corrosion monitoring systems for the proposed facilities.
To facilitate testing, the test stations should be installed near the location of
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possible interference between the existing and proposed structure(s). After the
installation has been completed, half cell potential data should be collected for
both the existing and the proposed structures with the cathodic protection
systems operating and not operating. This testing should be coordinated with
other utility agencies that may have cathodic protection equipment in the area.
If the cathodic protection systems of other facilities cause the potential of the
structure(s) to be changed by more that 50 millivolts in either a positive or
negative direction, then additional testing should be performed and
consideration given to mitigation measures.

Corrosion mitigation measures could include reduction of current of the
cathodic protection system(s) of the facilities, current drain stations, the use of
resistance bonds or other current control measures.

For ferrous pipeline projects, resistivity measurements should be made at a
maximum of 1,000-foot intervals along the proposed alignment and pipeline
invert depth. At a proposed pump station site, measurements should be made
in a grid pattern at distances which will provide representative data, but not
exceeding 1,000 feet in either direction, and again at the design invert depth of
the proposed pipelines. Soil samples should be obtained at representative
locations and at locations of low soil resistivity (less than 10,000 ohm-cm) for
chemical analysis and laboratory resistivity testing.

Where design or modification work is to be performed at existing facilities,
half-cell potential surveys should be performed and, where cathodic protection
is to be employed, current requirement testing should also be performed.

6.3.2 Stray Currents

Stray current surveys shall be performed on all metallic pipelines and
appurtenances to locate power lines and other existing cathodic protection
systems that may have an impact on the corrosion protection design of the
project pipeline.

6.4 CORROSION MONITORING

Electrical continuity by bonding of all non-welded joints is required for all
metallic or reinforced cylinder pipe for corrosion monitoring and cathodic
protection. Joint bonding is not required for welded steel pipe because this
type of pipe is electrically continuous by the nature of its construction.

Test stations are required at a maximum of 1,000-foot spacing intervals for all
pipes, and at sewer pump stations, as warranted, so that corrosion can be
monitored. Testing to be performed must include half-cell potential
measurements for all pipe and facilities to be monitored. Testing is also
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required for cathodically protected structures.

6.5 CATHODIC PROTECTION

Design of cathodic protection systems B impressed current and galvanic
(sacrificial anodes) B is dependent upon the specific structural and
environmental considerations of each project and should be performed by
qualified individuals. Design life of systems is typically 20 to 25 years or
may be required to be equivalent to the design life of the structure.

For either type of installation, monitoring of the installed system is essential to
ensure continued proper operation of the system, throughout its life.
Monitoring locations shall be selected to provide a level of confidence that the
entire structure is being adequately protected and that the sites are accessible
for future data collection.

6.6 CORROSION CONTROL TESTING

Corrosion control testing is an important aspect with respect to minimizing the
adverse effects of corrosion at water and sewer facilities. Because the
corrosion mechanism is most significantly affected by the environment in
which the structure is located, it is important that the designer be aware of the
anticipated conditions under which the structure will be required to perform.
Gathering appropriate and reliable information about the environment will
allow determinations to be made as to the corrosive nature of the environment
and which materials or corrosion control technique will be most effective and
economical.

6.6.1 Soil Resistivity Testing

In attempting to predict corrosion problems associated with a particular type
of pipe, for example, prior to installation, it is necessary to investigate the soil
conditions along the pipeline route. Since corrosion of metal is an
electrochemical process which, by definition, is accompanied by electric
current flow, the electrochemical characteristics of a soil are of primary
importance when evaluating corrosivity. Table 6-4 correlates soil resistivity in
ohms-cm with degree of corrosivity.

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TABLE 6-4

RESISTIVITY VALUES - CORROSIVITY

Soil Resistivity
ohms-cm

Degree of Corrosivity

0 - 1,000
1,000 - 2,000
2,000 - 5,000
5,000 - 10,000
Above 10,000

Very Corrosive
Corrosive
Fairly Corrosive
Mildly Corrosive
Negligible

Chemical constituents may also affect the performance of many materials and
may often dictate not only the material to be used, but whether or not
additional corrosion protection is warranted. For example, high sulfate
concentrations would require the use of Type V cement or the substitution of
concrete materials. High chloride concentrations generally indicate the need
for a protective coating on metallic surfaces and may lead to
recommendations for cathodic protection. Table 6-5 correlates the effect of
chlorides or sulfates on the corrosion of steel or concrete.

TABLE 6-5

CORROSIVE EFFECT OF CHLORIDES OR SULFATES
ON STEEL OR CONCRETE

Degree of
Corrosivity

Chloride
Concentration
(ppm)

Sulfate
Corrosivity
(ppm)

Threshold

300

1,000

Positive

300 - 1,500

1,000 - 2,000

Severe

Over 1,500

Over 2,000

6.6.2 Continuity Testing

The specific objectives of the electrical tests vary, depending on the test.
However, they are required for corrosion monitoring and design of cathodic
protection systems.

Even if the proposed facility will not have a cathodic protection system, it
may be adversely affected by foreign pipelines which have cathodic
protection. Testing to ensure that there are no adverse impacts must be
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completed after construction of the proposed facilities.

6.7 COATING AND LINING

In selecting materials for use in a sewer environment, two main factors must
be considered. The materials must be capable of performing the desired
function in a safe and economical manner. Also, the materials must operate
satisfactorily over the design life of the facility. As corrosion-caused
deterioration of materials is a likely mode of failure, it is important to select
materials which are capable of withstanding the aggressive environment to
which they are exposed.

Coatings and linings used for sewer facilities must be resistant to moisture
including possible splash zone exposure (intermittent exposure to air and
moisture), atmospheric sulfides, sunlight, and atmospheric chlorides.

The DESIGN ENGINEER must properly specify manufacturer's
recommendations regarding surface preparation prior to coating or lining
application. A quality coating is of little benefit if it does not adhere to the
surface to be protected. See Tables 6-2 and 6-3 for a summary guide of
coatings and linings.

6.8 SEWER PUMP STATIONS AND FORCE MAINS

6.8.1 Sewer Pump Station Piping Coatings

All coatings for sewer pump station piping shall be applied in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure the following: proper
preparation of surfaces to be coated typically requires SSPC-SP-10 sandblast
to "white metal", proper prime coat, recommended coating thickness per coat,
required drying times between coats, and required air temperatures and
humidity limits. Provide at least two coats to achieve required final dry
coating thickness. Coatings shall be applied pinhole free.

Table 6-6 summarizes the allowable coatings for pump station applications.

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TABLE 6-6

ACCEPTABLE COATINGS/LININGS FOR SEWER PUMP STATION PIPING

Acceptable Applications

Wet Well Piping

Dry Well Piping

Lining and
Coating
Material

Interior
Lining

Exterior
Coating

Interior
Lining

Exterior
Coating

Notes

Fusion-Bonded
Epoxy

X

X

X

X

High-Density
Epoxy
(100% solids)

X

X

X

X

a, b

Polyethylene

X

B

X

B

B

Polyurethane

B

X

B

B

B

Enamel

B

B

B

X

B

Notes:
a. Minimum dry thickness of coating is 12 mils, applied pin-hole free
in two coats.
b. Only allowable for fittings/valves where fusion-bonded epoxy
cannot be used.

6.8.2 Force Main Linings and Coatings

Allowable corrosion protective coatings and linings are given in Table 6-7.
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TABLE 6-7

FORCE MAIN CORROSION PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND LININGS

Lining and Coating
Material

Force Main
Piping Interior

Force Main
Piping Exterior

Comments

Fusion-Bonded
Epoxy

X

X

b

High-Density Epoxy
(100% Solids)

X

X

a, b, c

Fusion Polyethylene

X

B

b

Coal Tar Epoxy

B

X

b, d

Wax Tape Wrap

B

X

b

Comments:
a. Epoxy 12 mil minimum dry film thickness.
In addition to these factory applied coatings, also wax tape wrap all
buried ferrous pipes and fittings.
c. Only allowable for fittings/valves where fusion-bonded epoxy cannot
be used.
Coal tar 20 mils minimum dry film thickness.

6.8.3 Valve Coatings

ll valves located in the dry well, wet well, or in buried service shall be coated
with fusion-bonded epoxy coating (3M "Scotchkote" #134 or equivalent)
inside and out with a 12 mil. minimum thickness. Where fusion-bonded
epoxy cannot be applied, high-density liquid epoxy (3M, Inc. #312 or
equivalent) shall be allowed (note in project specifications).

6.8.4 Pump Interior Lining

Coat the pump bowl and casing, inside and out, and the suction can interiors
with 3M Inc. #134 "Scotchkote" fusion-bonded epoxy or approved equivalent.
Final dry coating thickness shall be a minimum of 8 mils.

6.8.5 Wet Well Walls

The interior ceiling and walls of wet wells shall have cast- in-place T-Lock
PVC liner. Wet well floors shall be coated with 100 mils of polyurethane
over an epoxy primer base in accordance with SSPWC, Section 500-2.4.
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Chapter 7, Section 7.1 7.1-1 October 2004
CHAPTER 7 SEWER PUMP STATION DESIGN CRITERIA AND
EQUIPMENT DESIGN GUIDELINES

SECTION 7.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN ENGINEERS

7.1.1.1 Implementation of Design Guide Requirements: This Chapter describes the
basic flow capacity, hydraulic design, and equipment/material requirements
for new City sewer pump station facilities. The DESIGN ENGINEER is
required to comprehensively implement the criteria in this Chapter in the
preparation of detailed design drawings and specifications.

7.1.1.2 Documentation of Implementation of Design Guide Requirements: The
DESIGN ENGINEER shall prepare a written response indicating that the
design complies with the required criteria. This can be in the form of a cover
letter attached to a copy of the criteria with a "check-off" on each item
incorporated into the design of the station. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall
also reference and discuss any criteria in this listing to which the DESIGN
ENGINEER takes exception. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall note when
each particular criterion will be incorporated into the design (i.e., at which
stage of design submittal). The "check-off" list shall also have space in the
margin to note where in the plans and specifications a criterion has been
incorporated. This response shall be updated and resubmitted with each
design submittal.

7.1.1.3 Written Responses to Design Review Comments: The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall receive design review comments from the City as marked
plans and specifications and/or tabulated written comments. For all
comments, the consultant shall provide written response comments in a
tabular form including the following information: comment number,
applicable drawing and/or specification reference, review comment summary,
City recommended action, and DESIGN ENGINEER responses, including
status of changes. A similar procedure is in place relating to major facilities in
the Clean Water Program Guidelines. This should serve as a guide for the
DESIGN ENGINEER to prepare responses to the City=s review comments.

7.1.1.4 Special Station Requirements : The design criteria for special station
requirements are optional and are not required for all stations. The City, in
consultation with the Wastewater Collection Division, the DESIGN
ENGINEER, and community representatives, will determine the special
station requirements of the project. Special stations are typically those with
high lift conditions, high pumping capacity requirements, or wide range of
variations in pumping capacity required, i.e., variations between minimum dry
weather flow (refer section 7.2.6.4) and peak wet weather flow. It may also
involve special environmental concerns or other special design requirements.
The Senior Civil Engineer will direct the DESIGN ENGINEER as to which of
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October 2004 7.1-2 Chapter 7, Section 7.1
these requirements shall be incorporated into the facility design.

7.1.1.5 Project Meetings with the City: Prior to the commencement of design, and
for each design submittal, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall meet with the City.
The submittal meetings shall be for the purpose of summarizing the key
design information being submitted and discussing compliance and design
review. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall prepare meeting notes summarizing
all issues discussed and their resolutions.

7.1.1.6 Requirements for Design Documents: The design drawings and technical
specifications shall include all information necessary for the construction of
the pump station per normally accepted requirements of engineering design
practice. Design drawings shall include, but not be limited to, pump curves,
equipment schedules, design details, pipeline profiles, civil plans (site,
grading, yard piping), high- line piping installations for temporary bypass
pumping, architectural plans (elevations, schedules), location of equipment to
be installed and clearances, existing underground utilities, construction
salvage and demolition notes, structural and mechanical plans and sections,
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and plumbing diagrams,
electrical layouts, electrical power and lighting diagrams, control system
layout and schematic, piping and instrumentation diagrams, warning notes,
complete dimensions of all aspects of station construction (Contractor shall
not be required to scale any dimensions from the drawings), traffic control
plans, and landscaping plans. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide notes
that the Contractor shall be responsible for job site safety.

7.1.1.7 Private Sewer Pump Stations: All pump stations constructed as City of San
Diego sewer improvements must comply with the requirements of this Sewer
Design Guide. If a developer elects to construct a private sewer system
including a private sewer pump station, then the following requirements must
be complied with. A letter of agreement must be executed over all lots in the
subdivision if the pump station will serve two or more lots. A copy of this
agreement is available at the City Plan Check Counter. Also required is a
recorded copy of the CC&R for the home or business owners association,
outlining the responsibility and maintenance requirements for the pump
station. A planning study for the pump station outlining capacity of the
pumps, equivalent dwelling units (EDU) served, capacity of the wet well,
detention times, the length and size of the lateral, and any odor control
equipment shall be submitted for review to the Development Services
Department, Wastewater Review Section. A copy of the study and detailed
construction documents shall be submitted to the Building Review Section for
structural, mechanical and electrical review.
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SECTION 7.2 SUMMARY OF FACILITY CAPACITY AND
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA

7.2.1 PURPOSE

This Section provides the basic criteria for determining the required facility
capacity and hydraulic design requirements of the pump station facility. The
DESIGN ENGINEER shall also be responsible for determining the required
capacity and design of other facility subsystems not addressed here per
normally accepted design practice.

7.2.2 DESIGN CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

7.2.2.1 Pump Station Design Capacity Calculation: Sewer pump station pumping
capacity shall be calculated as described in Section 1.5.1.

7.2.3 PUMP AND SYSTEM CALCULATIONS

7.2.3.1 Constant versus Variable Speed Pumps: Constant speed pumps shall be
used where pump station design capacity is less than 3 million gallons per day
(mgd) or 2000 gallons per minute (gpm). Variable speed pumps shall
generally be used where pump station design capacity is greater than 3 mgd
capacity as directed by the Senior Civil Engineer. Where pump station
capacity is 1.5 mgd to 3 mgd, the facility shall similarly be evaluated for
variable speed if required by special site conditions and/or inflow conditions.

7.2.3.2 Variable Speed Pumps: (Special Station Requirement): Variable speed
pumps may be used for pump stations greater than 3 mgd capacity (see above
for stations with 1.5 to 3 mgd capacity) as approved by the Senior Civil
Engineer. In the preliminary design report for the facility, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall prepare alternative analysis that calculates the pumping
operation/cycling of constant speed versus variable speed pumps to determine
if variable speed is the best apparent alternative for the facility. This shall
include an evaluation of operation/cycling that will occur during periods of
minimum inflow rate vs. periods of maximum inflow rate. Also, the relative
life-cycle cost comparison of constant versus variable speed pumps for
pumping stations shall include the cost of all structure(s), mechanical and
electrical equipment that would be affected by the pump selection. The City
shall thereafter direct the DESIGN ENGINEER to incorporate constant or
variable speed pumps in its design.

7.2.3.3 Uniform Sizing and Number of Service and Standby Pumps: All installed
pumps shall generally be of the same size. The minimum number of pumps
per station shall be two. In stations with two pumps, each pump shall be
capable of pumping the design flow with the second pump acting as a full
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standby. In stations with more than two pumps, an identical standby pump
of the same size and capacity as the other service pumps shall be installed.

7.2.3.4 Calculation of Hydraulic Losses: Procedures to be used for calculating
dynamic losses shall follow those presented in the most current edition of
Pumping Station Design, R.L. Sanks, et al, Butterworths Publishers.

7.2.3.5 Allowable Pipe Velocities: In general, the maximum recommended suction
pipe velocity is 5 fps. Velocity at the suction bell shall not exceed 3.5 fps.
Install a larger suction line than the pump inlet diameter if required to reduce
velocity and inlet head losses, in order to provide the required net positive
suction head (NPSH) according to the Hydraulic Institute, and prevent
cavitations for high flow rate pumps.

The maximum recommended velocity in the station discharge piping is 8 fps.

The minimum discharge velocity in the force main shall be 4 fps at design
capacity in order to achieve cleansing velocities, and a maximum of 8 fps to
avoid excessive friction head losses.

Suction and discharge pipe design shall follow Hydraulic Institute
recommendations for items not addressed above in this Section.

7.2.3.6 NPSHA Calculation: Net positive suction head available (NPSHA) shall be
calculated for all pumps other than column pumps. NPSHA shall be
calculated on the basis of the static suction head in feet of water (pool
elevation) in the wet well, minus the elevation of the center of the pump,
minus the vapor pressure of water (in feet) at 85EF at sea level, minus the
calculated losses to the pump connection, and minus 5 feet for a factor of
safety. Pump specifications shall include NPSHA values for all anticipated
operating conditions. NPSHA shall always be more than net positive suction
head required (NPSHR) by the selected pump(s). The margin ratio
NPSHA/NPSHR for the selected pump(s) shall be not less than that specified
in ANSI/HI 9.6.1 at all specified operational conditions, and the margin ratio
shall be calculated using the following methodology:

Specify pumps to be selected for NPSHR (Net Positive Suction Head
Required) characteristics using the suction energy methodology set forth in
ANSI/HI 9.6.1. Individual restrictions shall apply as set forth below,
depending upon the type of pumping equipment. NPSHR, as used in the
following paragraphs, shall mean the NPSHR determined in accordance with
ANSI/HI 1.6 or 2.6, as applicable for the proposed pump. The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall require the Contractor to document the method used to
determine NPSHR for the proposed pump in its pump submittal material.
The specifications shall require the Contractor to use suction energy rules in
selecting proposed pumps and to apply the selection criteria as set forth in the
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individual paragraphs below. Percentages stated below shall apply to pump
capacity on the selected pump=s head/capacity curve at the speed required to
achieve the specified operating condition.

The Contractor shall submit the manufacturers suction energy calculations
justifying the proposed pump selection.

a. A minimum NPSHA/NPSHR margin ratio of 1.3 shall apply at any
operating condition within 85 percent of best efficiency capacity. The
minimum acceptable NPSHA/NPSHR margin ratio at any other location
on the pumps head/capacity curve shall be 1.8.

b. Notwithstanding item a. above, the manufacturer shall use the
methodology in ANSI/HI 9.6.1 to determine the proposed pump=s
suction energy. In determining the proposed pumps suction energy, the
inlet nozzle size shall be increased by two nozzle sizes to account for
impeller design consideration. In employing the suction energy method,
the minimum NPSHA/NPSHR ratio shall be not less than that
recommended in ANSI/HI 9.6.1 or item a. above, whichever is greater.
For submersible or wet pit pumps, suction nozzle size shall be the
impeller eye diameter for the proposed pump.

c. If the proposed pumps energy, as determined in item b. falls into the
high region in Figure 3 in ANSI/HI9.6.1, the minimum acceptable
NPSHA/NPSHR margin ratio shall be 1.5 and 2.0 respectively.

7.2.3.7 Pump and System Curves: Calculations and curves shall be developed for
each station, as described in the following paragraphs.

7.2.3.7.1 Calculation of System Curves: Station system curves shall include static lift
and all dynamic losses from the station suction piping to the point of
discharge. Dynamic losses and plotted system curves (total dynamic head)
shall be calculated on the basis of Hazen and Williams C values of 110, 130
and 140.

7.2.3.7.2 Selection of Candidate Manufacturers Pump Curves: For each of the
above calculated C values, select a pump curve from a manufacturers
catalogue (pre-approved manufacturers equipment) that meets the required
design operating point(s). Each pump curve shall be accomplished by the
same model pump, with only the diameter of the impeller varying (note: refer
to comments below on purpose of pump curve plots).

7.2.3.7.3 Flat Pump Curves: Avoid pumps with "flat" pump curves where a small
change in total dynamic head (TDH) will result in a large change in pump
flow.

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7.2.3.7.4 Plotted System and Pump Curve Information on Design Drawings: For
each of the C value condition, provide a plot of the calculated system curve
and the associated selected pump curve.

7.2.3.7.5 Multiple Pump Operation Curves: Where multiple pump operation is
designed (i.e. multiple pumps will operate in series or parallel), provide
combined pump curves for multiple pump operation required to meet pumping
capacity requirements. Should variable speed pumps be selected, pump curve
plots over the full range of variable speed pumping, and for multiple variable
speed pumps in operation shall be provided.

7.2.3.7.6 Other Information and Pump Curves: The plots of the associated system
and candidate manufacturers pump curves required as design submittals
under Section 7.2.3.7 shall include the following information: Head versus Q,
NPSHR versus Q, Hp versus Q, and efficiency versus Q for the candidate
pumps at the required operating speed(s). These curves also shall have the
manufacturers allowable operating regions (ANSI/HI 9.6.3) plotted on them
to demonstrate that all specified continuous duty operating points are within
the candidate manufacturers recommended pump operating regions. The
selected motor shall be non-overloading throughout the maximum speed
curves. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall require the Contractor to submit the
information described above and to demonstrate that his proposed pumps meet
the same requirements and those described below.

7.2.3.7.7 Pump Selection: The selected pump must provide for stable operation at all
operating points falling between the boundary conditions established by the
worst (i.e., greatest static lift and lowest pipeline C value) and best (i.e., least
static lift and highest pipeline C value) set of assumptions used for
development of the station system curves. These boundary conditions must be
within the limits of the pump manufacturers allowable operating region
(ANSI/HI 9.6.3).

The selected pumps shall operate without damaging cavitation or vibration
over the entire design range of flow and head conditions (operating points)
including those produced by multiple pump operation and/or variable speed.

Pump NPSHR shall be checked vs. the NPSHA to assure the pump design
requirements of subsection 7.2.3.6 are met.

Unless otherwise noted or specified, pump Head/Q curves shall slope in one
continuous curve within the specified operating conditions. No points of
reverse slope inflection capable of causing unstable operation will be
permitted within the specified zone of continuous duty operation. Pumps with
Head/Q curves as described in paragraph 9.6.3.3.12 of ANSI/HI 9.6.3 are
specifically prohibited if these characteristics will cause unstable operation
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within the specified range of operating conditions and where startup/shutdown
conditions entail operation against a slow opening/closing valve.

Pumps shall be designed in accordance with applicable portions of ANSI/HI
1.1-1.6, 2.1-2.6, and 9.1-9.6. The pumps shall be specifically designed to
pump raw wastewater and shall operate without clogging or fouling caused by
material in the pumped fluid at any operating condition within the range of
service specified.

7.2.3.7.8 Design Pump Rating and Requirements: The specified pump shall be rated
to deliver the station design capacity at the worst combination of static head
and pipeline C value, and also selected to operate in the manufacturers
Preferred Operating Region (ANSI/HI 9.6.3) at the Head/Q curve intersection
with the system curve established by the best combination of static lift and
pipeline C value.

The rated condition and all other continuous duty operating conditions
specified for full speed operation in the detailed specification section shall fall
within the manufacturers Preferred Operating Region as defined in ANSI/HI
9.6.3. The Preferred Operating Region shall be not less than that specified in
paragraph 2.1.12 of API 610. Proposed pumps shall be selected to allow not
less than a five percent increase in head, as specified in paragraph 2.1.4 of
API 610. Variable speed operation to achieve this objective shall not be
considered. Pump selections proposing maximum diameter impellers for the
proposed pump model and casing size shall not be accepted.

7.2.3.7.9 Impeller Information for Plotted System and Pump Curves: The purpose
of providing separate plotting of the above associated system and pump
curves on the design drawings is to show that for the above various C values,
the candidate manufacturers pump can be made to operate at the required
design points. This will be accomplished by only varying (replacing) the
impeller diameter. This is to assure that the pump station pumps can be
configured and designed to operate through the C value changes that
typically occur during the extended service of the facility (i.e., grease coating
and corrosion occurring inside the pipe reducing the C factor value over the
service life.

7.2.3.7.10 Specification of Design Pumps : Based on the above calculations, the
candidate manufacturers design pump to be listed in the project specifications
and supplied during construction shall be specified so the installed impeller
shall be the correct size to operate with the C = 130 curve. In no case, shall
the maximum diameter impeller available for a particular model pump be
selected (Refer to subsection 7.2.3.7.9).

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7.2.4 MASS ELASTIC SYSTEMS AND CRITICAL SPEED
CALCULATIONS

Each pumping unit, consisting of pump, intermediate shafting, couplings,
motor, supports and all attached appurtenances shall have no dangerous
critical or resonant frequencies or multiples of resonant frequencies within 20
percent above and 15 percent below the speed (range) required by the pump to
meet the indicated operating conditions. A dangerous critical speed shall be
defined as one which produces a torsional stress exceeding 3500 psi. The
DESIGN ENGINEER shall require the pump manufacturer, through the
Contractor, to be responsible for the analysis of critical speeds and the
complete mass elastic system, which shall be analyzed and certified by a
registered professional engineer regularly engaged in this type of work.
Analysis shall be at least equal to the industry standard technique developed
by Dunkerly and Holzer.

7.2.5 SURGE PRESSURE CALCULATIONS

7.2.5.1 Surge Analysis Methodology: All pumping stations shall be independently
evaluated by the DESIGN ENGINEER for the potential for hydraulic
transients. Computer programs for transient analysis shall be approved by the
City on a case-by-case basis. Current state-of-the-art computer programs for
transient analysis, such as LIQT developed by Stoner Associates, Inc., or
SURGE 5 developed by the University of Kentucky, or NETWORK-SURGE
developed by John List, or other programs approved by the City, shall be used
for evaluation of all transient phenomena and proposed control measures.
Each program is unique in terms of its capabilities and must be assessed in
each situation to make sure the program can handle the complexities of the
analysis involved.

7.2.5.2 Submittal of Calculations: Prior to initiating detailed design of a pumping
station, the hydraulic transient calculations prepared by the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall be submitted to the City along with a narrative description
of any potential for hydraulic transients and the steps recommended by the
DESIGN ENGINEER for further action or mitigation of the hydraulic
transients. Based on the contents of this submittal, the City may direct the
DESIGN ENGINEER to design the necessary means for mitigation of
hydraulic transients.

7.2.5.3 Transient Control Measures: Devices for transient control shall be
considered in design, and installed as required to reduce pressure surges with
pump starts and stops. Transient control measures to be considered singly or
in combination for wastewater systems are limited to the following and listed
in the order of preference:
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7.2.5.3.1 Shaft-Mounted Flywheels: to increase moment of inertia for systems subject
to column separation.

7.2.5.3.2 Force Main Alignment: revisions to eliminate potential column separation
zones.

7.2.5.3.3 Vacuum Relief Valves and Pressure Release Valves (Combination Type):
Locate at critical locations along the force main to prevent column separation
and damaging vacuum conditions following pump shutoff.

7.2.5.3.4 Slow-Closing, Hydraulically-Operated Pump Discharge Valves: to control
head rise in the pressurized discharge pipelines.

7.2.5.3.5 Vacuum Relief Valves or Check Valves (Vented from WetWell): for entry
of air into the line to prevent column separation following pump shutoff.

7.2.5.3.6 Non-Approved Measures: Surge tanks are specifically prohibited as water
hammer control measures for wastewater pumping systems.

7.2.6 WET WELL CALCULATIONS

7.2.6.1 Flow Data Table: Provide a table of flow data on the design drawings for the
sewer line discharging into the wet well up to 500 feet upstream, as shown in
Table 7.2-1:

TABLE 7.2-1

FLOW DATA

Pipe Section
(MH# to MH#)

Peak Q

"N"

d/D

7.2.6.2 Wet Well Inlet: The wet well inlet sewer invert shall be above the normal
high water operating level. The wet well inlet sewer shall be designed to
minimize turbulence and odor generation, with no free fall discharge into the
wet well under any operating condition. The wet well inlet shall be designed
in accordance with ANSI/HI 9.8 Pump Intake Design Standard for Solid-
Bearing Liquids.

7.2.6.3 Wet Well Operating Volume: The wet well operating volume and pump(s)
sequencing start/stop call levels shall be configured to meet minimum inflow
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conditions through peak wet weather inflow conditions. The total wet well
operating volume is the volume between the first pump on start level in the
wet well to the all pumps on start level. For periods of very low inflow, the
volume to be pumped by the first pump call shall be as small as possible to
allow regular pumping down of the wet well volume to prevent septic action
from taking place. However, the wet well must be large enough to provide at
least 5 minutes pump running time at minimum flow to prevent overheating of
the electric motor and controls (refer to minimum operating volume
calculation in Section 7.2.6.5).

Where variable speed pumps are installed (i.e. to provide the required
variation in pumping rate for minimum inflow through peak wet weather
inflow conditions), the pump(s) start/stop call levels in the wet well shall be
configured to satisfy the above requirements over the entire range of design
pumping rates and pump sequencing.

7.2.6.4 Minimum Inflow Calculation: In the sizing of a pump station wet well,
determination of minimum flow is also important to control cycling of
constant speed pumps. Wet well should be large enough to provide at least 5
minutes of pump running time to prevent overheating of the motor, but not too
large in order to prevent septic conditions in the wet well. Table 7.-2 shall be
used to determine minimum flow (note: typically 20 to 30% of the average
daily flow dependent on population and flow (Source: WPCF Manual of
Practice No. 9). No reference to Table 7.2-2

TABLE 7.2-2

RATIO OF MINIMUM TO AVERAGE FLOW

Average Flow, mgd

Min. Flow Factor

Less than 1

0.2

2

0.24

3

0.26

4

0.27

5

0.28

7

0.30

10

0.32

7.2.6.5.1 First Pump Call Level in the Wet Well Operating Volume: The minimum
wet well operating volume (i.e. first pump call operating volume based on
start and stop levels) shall be equal to the following (refer Section 1.3.2.2):
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First Pump Call Wet Well Operating Volume = [(Pump Station Design
Capacity) (Q
Minimum Inflow
)] x 5 Minutes

Where:
Q
Minimum Inflow
= (Average Dry Weather Flow) x (Minimum Flow
Factor, Table 1.7-1)

7.2.6.6 Wet Well Operating and Alarm Levels: The wet well low and high
operating water levels and alarm levels shall be indicated on the design
drawings. The pump automatic shut-off level shall be located above the pump
volute level to ensure sufficient net positive suction head per Section 7.2.3.6.
Minimum submergence of the pump suction bells (this defines the low flow
level) shall be not less than that determined in accordance with Section 9.8.7
of the Hydraulic Institute Pump Intake Design Standard. The automatic low
level shut-off feature shall be inoperable during cleaning cycles of self-
cleaning trench type wet wells.

7.2.6.7 Emergency Storage Volume: Separate from the wet well operating volume,
the DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide an emergency storage volume
sufficient to accommodate a storage of two- hour pumping volume at peak wet
weather flow. The total pump station sewage storage volume (i.e., volume of
the wet well above the pump "off" level to the lowest sewage spill point) can
be accomplished by the following measures singly or in combination, and
listed in order of preference: additional storage in the wet well above the
operating volume, separate overflow tank and storage in the inlet line to the
spill level.

This "emergency repair holding time" will allow operating personnel at least
two (2) hours to respond to a station failure alarm and/or to shut off all pumps
to perform emergency repairs to correct a failure condition. In addition, this
storage is also available to be utilized for flow equalization during large storm
events should peak wet weather inflow exceed the pump station design
capacity.

7.2.6.8 Influent Line Storage: The wet well influent sewer shall not be designed to
accommodate storage except as required for emergency repair holding time
as described in Section 7.2.6.7 (note: this causes grease buildup problems in
the inlet line). This storage shall be utilized where it is not practical to
provide two-hour emergency storage in the wet well and/or separate overflow
storage tank.

7.2.6.9 Spill Location Indication: Influent sewer and pump station spill locations
shall be indicated on the design drawings (lowest upstream elevation or wet
well cover elevation where backup spill will occur). Mean sea level (MSL)
elevation shall be included for information for spill location.
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7.2.7 A SIX-HOUR EMERGENCY STORAGE (SPECIAL STATION
REQUIREMENT)

7.2.7.1 Closed Tanks: In areas where maximum protection from spillage must be
provided, such as areas where a station sewage spill would flow into a water
supply reservoir or other sensitive areas as determined by the Senior Civil
Engineer, a six-hour emergency overflow storage (at peak wet weather inflow
rate) shall be provided. This storage requirement is in addition to the wet well
operational storage. The emergency storage can be an underground structure
or a separate tank that is normally empty but can drain by gravity back into
the wet well.

Similar to section 7.2.6.7 above, this storage is also available to be utilized for
flow equalization during large storm events should peak wet weather inflows
exceed the pump station design capacity.

7.2.7.2 Ponds: In isolated areas, an open-air basin or a pond may be provided as an
emergency storage in lieu of underground concrete structure; however, the
basin shall be lined with an impermeable flexible barrier protected by a layer
of concrete. Provision shall be made for draining the emergency storage basin
back into the wet well.

7.2.8 FORCE MAIN

7.2.8.1 Capacity of Discharge Sewer: During pump station design, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall verify that there is sufficient capacity to handle the
increased sewer flow in the gravity sewer into which the force main
discharges. This calculation shall route the design discharge of the facility
through the discharge sewers to the point at which the pump station
component is reduced to 10% of the total flow (refer to Chapter 1, Subsection
1.7.2 for additional information)

7.2.8.2 Force Main Retention Time: The following calculations shall be used to
determine maximum retention time within the force main. This information
shall be utilized with other hydraulic factors (i.e. maximum wet well detention
time, downstream gravity sewer discharge conditions) to determine if
chemical addition for odor control is required.

Force Main Volume = Length x Area

Minimum Pump Run Time (PRT) = 5 Minutes = (First Pump Call Wet
Well Operating Volume)/[(Pump Station Design Capacity) (Q
minimum
inflow
)]

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Number of Cycles = Force Main Volume/[(Pump Station Design
Capacity) x PRT]

Maximum Wet Well Filling Time = (First Pump Call Wet Well
Volume)/(Q
minimum inflow
)

1 Cycle Period = Maximum Wet Well Filling Time + PRT

Maximum Retention Time = (Number of Cycles) x (1 Cycle Period)
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SECTION 7.3 PUMPS

7.3.1 VERTICAL NON-CLOG PUMPS

7.3.1.1 Standard Design: Vertical non-clog pumps driven by extended drive shafts
are the standard type of pump to be provided in sewer pump stations, and shall
have the following features.

7.3.1.2 General Construction: Pumps shall have grey iron impeller; stainless steel
wear ring on the pump volute and on the impeller; a Type 304 stainless steel
shaft and Type 400 shaft sleeve; mechanical seals (refer below); powder
epoxy coat on impeller, interior of bowl and water passages; and Type 304
stainless steel fasteners securing the impeller and in all wetted areas and
casing bolts. Pumps shall have volute and suction inlet hand holes/inspection
plates. Provide a 2-inch valved and capped drain connection on the pump
suction elbow.

7.3.1.3 Maximum Size Solid Passing through Impeller: All pumps shall be sized to
pass a 3-inches spherical solid.

7.3.1.4 Mechanical Seals: Pumps shall have a single cartridge type mechanical seal
cooled by product water routed from the backhead area into the stuffing box
through a machined clearance. Pump/impeller shall be designed to provide
positive pressure above atmospheric to the stuffing box area to allow seal
flush line to function. Stationary portion of the seals shall have stainless steel
construction. Rotating faces of the seal shall be of silicon carbide against
carbon. Seal shall be manufactured by AES EngineeringCC.U.R.C. Type, or
Chesterton 155, no exceptions (note: this mechanical seal specified is a
standard single cartridge type with standardized dimensions). The seals shall
be constructed to allow rebuilding of the seal utilizing repair parts.

7.3.1.5 Compound Pressure Gauge Installation: Provide a combination vacuum
and pressure gauge on the suction side and a pressure gauge on the discharge
side of each pump. Gauge assemblies shall include the following and mount
off of the piping to reduce vibration: Type 316 stainless steel nipple into
piping; 1-inch stainless steel isolation ball valve; high-pressure rated flexible
hose; 1-inch stainless steel ball valve; air release fitting; diaphragm seal and
pulsation dampener; pressure gauge with safety blow-out relief (diaphragm
seal and gauge filled with glycerin for isolating valve from sewage).

7.3.1.6 Pump Bases: Pump concrete support bases shall be monolithically
constructed with the dry well floor concrete pour. Edges of the pump concrete
bases shall be chamfered (1 inch minimum).

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7.3.1.7 Stainless Steel Anchor Bolts for Pump Bases: Anchor bolts shall be cast in
place only, and constructed with stainless steel class 316. Wedge type or
chemical type anchor bolts are not allowed for rotating equipment, and shall
be specifically prohibited.

7.3.1.8 Pump Drain Lines: Provide a maintenance drain line on the suction ell of
each pump, including an isolation valve. Provide with a quick cam type
coupling. Provide a flexible hose to be stored in the station that will connect
to the coupling, and be used to drain to the sump.

7.3.2 MOTORS

7.3.2.1 Motors for Extended Shaft Pumps: The motors specified in this subsection
are the standard type to be provided in sewer pump stations, and shall have the
following features.

7.3.2.2 Motor Horsepower Selection: The motor shall be sized with sufficient rated
name plate horsepower to meet the requirements of subsections 7.2.3.7.9 and
7.2.3.7.10, that is, provide design pumping capacity at varying AC@friction
values that may occur over the service life of the force main.

7.3.2.3 Motor Features: Specify totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) motors to resist
water penetration. Motors shall be of a high efficiency type. Specify
resistance strip type motor heaters with automatic disconnect upon motor start
to reduce corrosion and a manual on/off breaker switch. Motor windings are
to be all copper and epoxy encapsulated (aluminum windings or components
are not acceptable). Motor controls are to include high-temperature safety
switches installed in the motors. Motors shall be rated for a minimum of ten
starts per hour and NEMA motor design letter shall be "B". Starting code
letter/locked rotor KVA/hp rating shall be "F" or better. Motor winding
insulation shall be epoxy and have a class "F" rating. The motor temperature
shall not exceed class "B" temperature limits as measured by resistance
method when the motor is operated at full load at 1.15 safety factor
continuous in a maximum ambient temperature of 50
o
C. Motors shall have a
Factory Mutual approval. Motor nameplate horsepower must exceed
maximum required by pump under all possible operating conditions. Bearing
temperature rise at rated load shall not exceed 60
o
C. For efficiency, the
motors specified for constant speed applications shall be rated premium
efficiency and operate in a range within 90% to 95% of its rated power.
Minimum guaranteed motor efficiencies shall be per Guide Specification
Section 16040 of the Clean Water Program Guidelines. Avoid greatly
oversizing motors since both efficiency and power factors drop in motors
running below their full load rating. Specify a 1.15 service factor (SF) for
constant speed motors and 1.2 service factor for variable speed motors.
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Provide a motor stand as required to allow access to the motor coupling for
maintenance.

7.3.2.4 Soft Start Motor Starters: All motors shall have programmable solid state
Asoft start@starters, Allen Bradley ASMC@or approved equal. Provide by-pass
magnetic contactor, which shall be used for by-passing the solid state starter
when full speed is reached in order to extend the life of the solid state starters,
or for emergency across the line starting in the event of soft start failure.

7.3.3. EXTENDED DRIVE SHAFTS

7.3.3.1 General: Drive shafts shall be fitted with universal joints (U-joints) to assist
in disassembly or removal from the station. Shaft length typically shall not
exceed 10 feet. Intermediate motor installations shall be located above two-
hour overflow storage level. Generally, based on typical manufacturer
recommendation, the intermediate shaft shall be furnished as a single unit
with couplings and shaft offset between 2 and 12 degrees.

7.3.3.2 U-Joint Greasing Access: Motor support bases (including installations with
inertial flywheels) shall have sufficient height and clearances above the floor
to allow ease of access to U-joints for greasing. At intermediate levels,
provide catwalks (with safety ladders) for ease of access to the U-joints for
maintenance. Drive shaft safety guard shall have secured access doors for this
purpose.

7.3.3.3 Safety Guard: Install a safety guard around the entire length of the drive
shaft with latched access doors at the U-joints. The guard shall be designed
with sufficient strength to enclose a swinging, broken, rotating drive shaft.
The guard shall be installed in sections to allow removal of the pump after
removal of the lower shaft guard section.

7.3.3.4 Intermediate Level Motors (Special Station Requirement): In stations
requiring long drive shafts (30 ft and longer), the motors shall be installed at
an intermediate floor level to reduce the drive shaft length. This intermediate
floor level shall be above the wet well emergency overflow level.

7.3.4 EQUIPMENT CLEARANCES

7.3.4.1 Minimum Equipment Clearances: Minimum equipment clearance shall be
as follows:

Between adjacent items of equipment (pumps, motors, piping, equipment,
appurtenances, and station walls: 3' 6" or manufacturer=s recommended
minimum maintenance clearances plus 1' 0", whichever is more stringent.
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Vertical (floor to overhead obstruction): 7' 6"

Clearance shall be actual, to most outstanding dimension (i.e., edge of flange),
not nominal. Equipment shall be located to provide the above clearances on at
least three sides.

7.3.5 SPARE PARTS TO BE FURNISHED

For installations with two (2) or more installed pumps, furnish the following
spare parts and spares:

a. Provide a complete spare pump to be stockpiled. The spare pump shall
be complete and ready for installation and shall include all parts except
the pump stand.

b. Also, provide a complete set of mechanical seals, bearings, gasket set,
wear rings, fasteners, and spare impeller for each of the service, standby
and spare pumps to be provided.

7.3.6 LARGE PUMP STATIONS (SPECIAL STATION REQUIREMENT)

7.3.6.1 Classification: With special approval by the Senior Civil Engineer, the
following may be required for large installations (capacity greater than 3
mgd):

7.3.6.2 Mechanical Seals for Variable Speed Pumps (Special Station
Requirement): Seals on variable speed pumps shall be designed to operate
properly over the range of pump speeds.

7.3.6.3 Split Mechanical Seals (Special Station Requirement): Where large pumps
cannot be easily removed for replacement of seals, provide split seals for ease
of replacement.

7.3.6.4 Air-Gap Seal Water Pressurization System (Special Station
Requirement): Cooling mechanical seals with pressurized potable water fed
from air-gap tanks requires special approval from the Senior Civil Engineer.
At the seal water connection at each pump provide inlet/outlet isolation
valves, head- loss gauge, and flow-rate gauge. The seal water shall have a
constant pressure of 10 psi minimum above the operating pressure inside the
pump casing. The pump controls shall cause the pump to stop running upon
loss of seal water. The tanks shall have a make-up water supply line.

7.3.6.5 Air-Gap Tank Installation (Special Station Requirement): The air-gap
tanks and pumps shall be located at the station grade level. Provision shall be
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made for periodic drainage of air- gap tanks to prevent scale buildup and
contamination. Per Health Codes requirements, the system requires reduced
pressure backflow protection devices supplying the air-gap tanks located at
grade level to allow operation of the system during maintenance and/or
testing. All piping downstream of the air-gap tanks must be above ground and
visible in the station to prevent the possibility of illegal connections. Provide
two seal water regenerative turbine type pumps (one connecting to each tank)
with automatic start of the second pump as backup if the on- line pump fails.
Provide a precharged type diaphragm hydro-pneumatic tank on the common
pump discharge line. A telemetry alarm shall indicate a loss of seal water
pressure and shut down the pump on preset low pressure of the seal water.
The system shall have 50 micron filters equipped with differential pressure
gauges (to detect clogging of the filters) on the seal water return line to the
air-gap tank.

7.3.7 PUMP STATION EQUIPMENT RETROFIT PROJECTS (SPECIAL
STATION REQUIREMENT)

7.3.7.1 Retrofitting Equipment in Existing Pump Stations : The following types of
equipment are not allowed for the design of new facilities due to higher
maintenance requirements, and other operational concerns. Where existing
facilities with this type of equipment are retrofitted, the following equipment
features shall be incorporated:

7.3.7.1.1 Close-Coupled Motors (Special Station Requirement ): This type of
installation is typically not allowed due to the potential of flooding damage in
the pump room. Where this type of pump is required (i.e., application in
retrofit projects), the following features shall be provided: utilize totally
encapsulated motors capable of operation in submerged conditions and
NEMA 6P submerged rated power and control wiring. Utility standard motor
frame size dimensionality for ease of replacement with standard motors shall
be required.

7.3.7.1.2 Dry Pit Submersible Pump Installation (Special Station Requirement):
This type of pump is typically not allowed due to the higher maintenance
requirements and higher equipment costs. Where this type of pump may be
required (i.e. application in pump station retrofit projects, or coastal pump
station flooding concerns), the following features shall be provided: moisture
sensing probes (detect seal failure and send warning only, does not lock out
pump); over-temperature detectors; positive oil circulating cooling of motor or
product water cooling of the motor; stainless steel motor and pump shafting;
gray iron impeller; powder coat epoxy bowl and impeller; silicon carbide
mechanical seals; bearing retaining rings on the shaft; stainless steel wear
rings; and a volute hand hole access plate on the pump for cleaning. The
pump motor shall be rated for a minimum of ten starts per hour, and also for
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continuous running in a dry well installation without damage. The pump shall
have a class "F" rated insulation. The pump shall have a Factory Mutual, or
UL explosion-proof rating. All power and control cables to the pump below
the motor control center level shall be NEMA 6P rated so that the pumps will
continue to run if the pump room is flooded. Cables shall be routed directly
from the MCC level, supported with Kellum cable grips. Locate all junction
box connections for the pump power cable above the pump room where
flooding can potentially occur, and also for ease of disconnection/re-
connection of the cable. Motor cooling jacket shall be equipped with
pressurized flushing connection.

7.3.7.1.3 Wet Well Submersible Pump Installation (Special Station Requirement):
This type of pump is typically not allowed due to the higher maintenance
requirements. Where this type of pump may be required (i.e. application in
pump station retrofit projects), the following features shall be provided:
Generally provide the features described as above for dry pit submersible
pump applications. Also, pumps shall have a Factory Mutual, or UL
explosion-proof rating. Install a 3 - inch bleed hole on the discharge line of
the pump at the 90
o
elbow fitting prior to penetration through the wet well for
removal of air (when the wet well has been drained). Provide Type 316
stainless steel cable and guide rails for installing the pump. Submersible
pumps for wet well installations are prohibited except when otherwise
directed by the City. This wet well installation is for dewatering pumps only
and shall not be allowed for wastewater pumping application.
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SECTION 7.4 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES

7.4.1 ISOLATION VALVES

7.4.1.1 Dry Well Isolation Valves: Dry well isolation valves inside the station shall
be rising-stem Type 316 stainless steel "solid wedge" type sewage application
gate valve with the following features: Type 316 stainless steel stem, bronze
gate and valve body seat inserts, Type 316 stainless steel fasteners in wetted
areas, and fusion-bond epoxy coating on all interior and exterior surfaces.
Currently available valves of this type are Hilton or Mueller, Inc., no known
equals.

7.4.1.2 Valve Operators: Valves shall operate with hand wheels, and have geared
operators for ease of turning.

7.4.1.3 Valve Accessibility: All valves in the dry well shall be accessible from the
floor, 6 ft above floor maximum.

7.4.1.4 Elevated Valve Access: Elevated valves mounted more than 6 feet above the
floor shall be accessible from the stairwell; special platforms, landings, or
catwalks installed as required for access. A ladder with safety climb
equipment and harness shall be provided on all platforms and catwalks.

7.4.1.5 Suction Valve Extensions: Suction valves shall be fitted with extensions to
the grade level (or the floor above if below grade station). Suction valves
shall be fitted with hand wheels in the dry well, and hand wheels (or recessed
and covered valve keys as required) at the level above. The extension shall be
equipped with two (2) U-joint type fittings at the valve to allow ease of
rotation in the event of minor out of alignment of the extension installation.

7.4.1.6 Buried Valves: For buried applications, provide fusion-bonded epoxy coated
"solid wedge" gate valves with water tight bonnets and buried service gear
operators. Provide a valve extension to the ground level for operating the
valve. Locate valves within the station=s fenced- in area. Isolation valves
outside the station on the inlet and force main shall be located as shallow as
possible.

7.4.1.7 Wet Well Isolation Valve: Locate a pressure isolation sluice gate on the wet
well inlet sewer with the following features: stainless steel frame with
stainless steel guide inserts, slide and stem; rising stem type (provide stem
plastic cover tube to protect from dirt); actuation by square nut or wheel stand
accessed from top of wet well. Apply fusion epoxy coat on all ferrous items.

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7.4.1.8 Underground Valves in Vaults (Special Station Requirement): Where
difficult soil and/or site conditions exist such that buried valves may not be
easily accessible for emergency repairs, locate valves in a vault for easy
access to valve bonnet pickings, gear operators and/or pressure greasing
fittings. This would include force main isolation valves and emergency pump
connection valves (refer to Force Main section).

7.4.2. CHECK VALVES

7.4.2.1 General FeaturesCExternal Spring Level Check Valves: Specify external
spring lever check valves. Wherever possible, install the check valve in a
horizontal position to prevent pipe clogging from sedimentation. Valves for
vertical installations must be approved. The valve shall have an access plate
for cleaning debris from the check assembly. Install a sufficiently strong
spring on the valve to close the valve before return water will cause a
"slamming valve" (design to close when the flow of liquid in the force main
halts prior to the back surge wave). The valve flapper shaft and all fasteners
in contact with the pumped liquid shall be Type 316 stainless steel.

7.4.2.2 Specific Valve Feature: Specify a low head- loss type check valve, approved
for sewer applications. This type of valve will typically require less than a 25-
degree swing for full port opening and have a "no slam" closing characteristic
due to the minimal check movement. A full port opening through the valve is
typically provided using a wide valve body. Specify a Golden Anderson
AQuiet Closing@valve, no equals.

7.4.2.3 Air/Cushion Close Valve (Special Station Requirement): Where large
discharge heads or flows may cause water hammer, install air/oil cushion type
timed closing valves. These valves should be designed to close when the flow
of liquid in the force main halts prior to the back surge wave, with a slow
close during the final 10 percent of valve closing.

7.4.2.4 Proximity Switch: Install a proximity type limit switch on the check valve.
Limit switch shall indicate valve open/closed condition, and interlock with
pump controls per standard schematic. Switch and wiring shall be NEMA 6P
for protection from water. (Note: This switch, indicating a check valve failure
to open condition, shall operate with a time delay control relay initiated by
pump call to stop the pump motor and prevent motor damage, and signal a
pump fail alarm should the sensor not be actuated within the set time delay.
It shall also prevent a pump start if the check valve is leaking backflow and
potentially spinning the pump in a reverse direction).

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7.4.3 PIPING AND FITTINGS

7.4.3.1 Ductile Iron Pipe: Sewage suction and discharge piping and fittings installed
in the wet well and the dry well shall be ductile iron (DI).

7.4.3.2 Threaded-On Ductile Iron Flanges: Threaded-on ductile iron flanges shall
be made up with epoxy on the threads for sealing for corrosion protection.

7.4.3.3 Make-Up Length Piping: Provide flanged by plain end pipe fittings and
restrained tie rod coupling section for make up length fittings.

7.4.3.4 Pipe Disassembly Lengths : Discharge piping shall be fitted and connected so
that there are no lengths of pipe that cannot be disassembled and removed
from the station utilizing the station overhead crane rail hoist.

7.4.3.5 Approved Pipe Joints: All pipe joints must be restrained. The following
types of joints are acceptable: flanged, and dresser type coupling restrained
by tie rods. Threaded on type DI pipe flanges are allowable. For this type the
DESIGN ENGINEER shall specify assembly per AWWA standards.

7.4.3.6 Non-Approved Coupling Fittings : The following fittings are not allowable
and shall not be used in design: rubber bellows-type couplings, and flange
coupling adaptors (i.e. pipe restraint with set screws).

7.4.3.6.1 Victaulic Couplings (Special Station Requirement): These fittings are not
generally allowed. However, for retrofit projects and where piping space is
critical, grooved pipe couplings may be utilized with proper bracing against
lateral and rotational movement.

7.4.3.7 Restrained Couplings for Ease of Piping Alignment: On suction and
discharge piping connected to each pump and on the discharge manifold
horizontal and vertical runs, install two flexible sleeve couplings with tie rod
thrust restraint to absorb piping misalignment and prevent stress in the pump
and piping and for ease of piping removal.

7.4.3.8 Piping Supports and Bracing: Piping supports shall be provided under the
suction and discharge lines. Piping supports shall be designed to support the
piping runs both vertically and horizontally. Bracing shall be provided to
resist the maximum expected pressure transient forces. Typically, the end of
the manifold will be braced to the adjacent wall for this purpose.

7.4.3.9 Seismic Zone 4 Design: All Piping supports shall be designed to meet
Seismic Zone 4 requirements.

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7.4.3.10 Base Elbows: Base elbow fittings shall be installed on pedestals at vertical
bends. The vertical piping run shall be braced horizontally and vertically to
the wall, so that base elbows are not required to resist any horizontal or
vertical thrust loads.

7.4.3.11 Manifold Configuration: For manifolds, utilize wye fittings rather than tee
type fittings. Connect discharge piping from individual pumps horizontally
into the side of the manifold.
(Note: to minimize deposition of solids at check valves).

7.4.3.12 Manifold to Force Main(s) Piping Configuration: Design dual force mains
that can be operated independently. Within the dry well pump room, the
manifold shall wye into two separate force mains. Each shall be provided
with an isolation valve downstream of the wye (note: this configuration
allows operation of any pumps through either force main, while the other
force main is isolated for maintenance/repair.

7.4.4 FORCE MAIN DRAIN LINES

7.4.4.1 Force Main Drain Lines to Wet Well: Within the pump room, provide a
drain line with isolation valve from each discharge force main, and discharge
to the wet well (note: this configuration will allow draining back the entire
force main while the other is operating in the event of a force main break).

7.4.4.2 Force Main Drain Lines (Special Station Requirement): For large pump
stations (greater than 3 mgd) or stations with critical flooding concerns (i.e.,
existing electrical equipment located in below-grade pump room not permitted
for new pumping stations or retrofits), the drainage from the force main(s)
and any sump pump installation in the dry well shall be discharged to the
sewer manhole immediately upstream of the wet well provided the wet well
contains an inlet gate. The gate shall be closed to prevent further flooding and
to allow repair work on any pump room leakage.

7.4.5 SMALL APPURTENANCE PIPE FITTINGS

7.4.5.1 Small Appurtenance Piping: Two- inch diameter or less piping appurtenances
connected to station DI piping (i.e. air release valve connections, seal water
drain lines, or seal piping drain lines) shall be Type 316 stainless steel.
Galvanized steel shall not be permitted. Install corrosion isolation nylon
bushings when mounting dissimilar metal pipe fittings such as bronze air
release gaugecocks on manifold piping.

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Sewer Design Guide
7.4.6 STAINLESS STEEL BOLTING

7.4.6.1 Dry Well Fasteners: All dry well pump and pipe fasteners shall be Type 416
stainless steel.

7.4.6.2 Wet Well and Buried Fittings Fasteners : All wet well fasteners and anchor
bolts, and all fasteners for buried fittings shall be Type 316 stainless steel.

7.4.7 AIR RELEASE VALVES

7.4.7.1 Installation Locations : Locate air release valves on the discharge piping of
the following:

7.4.7.1.1 Flooded Suction Pumps : Provide manual 2 -inch stainless steel piped drain
cock on the top of the volute discharge to remove air after servicing prior to
putting pump back in service.

7.4.7.2 Air Release Valves: Install two sewage application combination type air
release and vacuum valves (Note: two for redundant operation to allow
removal for maintenance) on discharge manifolds located at the piping
penetration from the dry well. Valves are typically 2- inch size. Provide an
independent connection with isolation valve for each valve to the discharge
manifold. Brace the valves to the station wall. This installation shall be
accessible by a catwalk platform for maintenance. Specify sewage application
combination type air release valves, Vent-O-Mat with no known equal.

7.4.7.3 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings : As specified above, for each air valve assembly
or gauge cock, the pipe nipple connection to the manifold and all other piping
in the assembly shall be Type 316 stainless steel. Provide a corporation stop
type isolation valve and pipe union on the assembly to allow maintenance and
removal of each air release valve.

7.4.7.4. Air Valve Drain Piping: Air release valve discharge piping shall be piped to
the station drain sump.

7.4.7.5 Self-Priming Pumps (Special Station Requirement ): For retrofit projects
where these types of pumps are in existence (note: this type of pump is not
approved for new station designs), install sewage type air release valves on
the discharge side of the pump (discharges periodic air in line due to
cavitations or on startup). The internal check valve in the pump holds vacuum
in the suction line. Route the discharge hose into the wet well so that the
discharge is always submerged to prevent loss of vacuum in the bowl if the
check valve seat clogs from debris. Piping from the air release valve to the
sump shall be 1- inch Type 316 stainless steel.
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7.4.7.6 Submersible Pumps (Special Station Requirement) : For retrofit projects
where these types of pumps are existing (note: this type of pump is not
approved for new station designs), locate the following equipment in a
discharge valve vault: sewage-type air relief valve ( Vent-O-Mat with no
known equal), discharge check valve and isolation valve. Also, 2 -inch drilled
hole with piped gooseneck may be installed on the discharge piping vertical
ell penetration in the wet well for manual continuous air release.

7.4.8 SCHEDULE OF PIPE MATERIALS

7.4.8.1 Schedule on Mechanical Drawings : Include data schedule on the mechanical
drawings with the following information for each pipe valve, and
appurtenance to be provided: item number, size, type, quantity, remarks, and
specification reference.

7.4.9 LINING AND COATING

7.4.9.1 Ferrous Valves, Pipes, Fittings, Appurtenance Lining and Coating: All
ferrous wastewater valves, pipe and fittings in the dry well, wet well, and
buried shall be fusion-bond epoxy lined and coated inside and outside, with
3M AScotchkote@# 134 or approved equal (refer to Sewer Design Guide
Chapter 6 for additional detail requirements).
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Sewer Design Guide
SECTION 7.5 ELECTRICAL, CONTROLS, AND INSTRUMENTATION

7.5.1 GENERAL

Electrical controls and instrumentation have been standardized by the City.
The DESIGN ENGINEER shall obtain a copy of these standards from the
City, and shall incorporate them in the design after making modifications to
meet project specific requirements. The electrical control and instrumentation
system shall also be in compliance with the MWWD/WWCD Design
Standards.

7.5.2 POWER SWITCHGEAR AND DISTRIBUTION

7.5.2.1 Lockout Safety

a. Provide removable disconnects in the incoming main panel to ensure
open circuits for safety while working on switch gear.

b. Provide circuit breakers with a "lockout/tagout" safety switch handle to
provide a switch disconnect of power for use during maintenance
operations on machinery.

c. Install an emergency stop switch at each pump (mounted on the wall or
on a pedestal) for electrical safety during maintenance operations.
Install the NEMA 6P rated lockout safety switches (Gianni or equal).

7.5.2.2 Circuit Breakers: Use of motor circuit protectors for magnetic starters shall
be limited to motors rated below 150 HP. The use of motor circuit protectors
(MCPs - fully magnetic circuit breakers) on larger motors such as 150 HP and
above can cause MCP trip during start-up and the setting cannot be adjusted
beyond the 13 times FLA (per NEC). Use thermal magnetic circuit breakers
for motors larger than 150 HP. Additionally, when solid state starters are
used, the circuit breakers should be thermal magnetic type.

7.5.2.3 Switchgear Rating Coordination

a. The circuit breakers shall be designed so that the main circuit breakers
will not trip when a supplied breaker is overloaded.

b. DESIGN ENGINEER shall perform a short circuit fault performance
study to determine levels of fault current throughout the facility.
Calculation procedure and methods shall be in accordance with IEEE
Red Book, Recommended Practice for Electrical Power Distribution for
Industrial Plants. The selected electrical equipment interrupting and
withstand ratings shall be based upon results of this study.

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7.5.2.4 Line Power Monitoring: The following line power failure conditions shall
be monitored by protective devices such IQ Data Plus (brand name) with
interlock protection: phase sequencing; loss of phase; uneven phase current;
high/low voltage. In the event that any of these conditions are detected, the
controls shall prevent power from being distributed.

7.5.2.5 Ground Fault Protection

a. The project specifications shall include a requirement for the Contractor
to provide a competent independent sub-contractor who will test and
provide written certification of complete ground fault testing and
verification.

b. Ground fault protection (GFP) shall be provided on main circuit
breakers, when the service is 800A or larger.

c. (Special Station Requirement). A permanently installed ground fault
meter shall be installed in the motor control panel.

d. Ground fault protection shall be provided in the feeder circuit for each
motor.

7.5.2.6 Grounding System: Install a 10- foot copper clad grounding rod in a lockable
electrical box. Grounding to cold water piping is not acceptable (could be
insulated copper system). Ground connections to the buried grounding system
shall be made at all electrical enclosures and equipment. Ensure adequate
corrosion protection of the ground rod system and bare copper grounding
wire. All ungrounded connections shall be exothermic (welded) connections.
No bolted connections shall be buried.

7.5.2.7 Motor Starter Design

a. "Soft start" reduced voltage type solid state motor starters shall be
required for all pumps to reduce starting currents to motors and reduce
electrical service and generator capacity requirements. Also, provide
manual bypass contactors with "soft-start" in order for manual operation
of the starters should solid state starter controls fail. The solid state
motor starters shall have adjustable current limit of 50 to 150 percent of
full load current and acceleration time adjustments. The solid state
starters shall have over temperature protection.

b. All motor starters shall be equipped to provide under-voltage release and
overload protection on all three phases. Provide a "Motor Saver, Inc."
protective device with digital fault record on each motor starter. Motor
starter coil and contacts shall be easily replaceable without removing the
motor starter from its mounted position or the removal of phase
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Sewer Design Guide
conductors. Provide fuses on the primary and secondary sides of the
control power transformers. Install separate power control transformer
for each motor starter. For small appurtenant equipment and other
applications, motor starters shall be vertical actuation type and
manufactured by Allen-Bradley, or equal. Motor starters shall meet
NEMA standards. Overload relays shall be of block-type, utilizing
eutectic melting alloy type spindles, and shall have visual trip indication
with trip-free operation. Pressing of the overload reset lever shall not
actuate the control contact until such time as the overload spindle has
reset. The reset lever shall be accessible through the control panel door.
Resetting of the overload reset lever will cause a snap-action control
contact to reset, thus reestablishing a control circuit. Overload relays
shall be manually reset only and not convertible to automatic reset. Trip
setting shall be determined by heater element only and not be adjustable
settings. Overload elements shall be melting alloy type.

7.5.2.8 Motor Control Center Switchgear Equipment

a. Motor control center switchgear equipment shall be factory prepared
sections manufactured by Allen-Bradley, Inc., or equal.

b. All motor control center circuit breakers and motor starters shall be
NEMA approved equipment.

7.5.2.9 Wiring and Bus Bars

a. Stranded copper wire shall be used for all power and control wire sizes;
solid copper wire is not acceptable. No aluminum wire or connectors
shall be allowed for any station wiring.

b. The motor control center and other control panels shall have bus bars
and connectors constructed of tin-plated solid copper. All wiring within
MCC shall be pre-wired in the factory to reduce field wiring by
Contractor. NEMA Class II B wiring shall be specified.

7.5.2.10 Seismic Braces: Seismic braces shall be installed on all electric service
cabinets and other free standing equipment per code requirements. Provide a
detail drawing of the seismic braces in the design drawings. All electrical
equipment shall be anchored to satisfy UBC Zone 4 requirements.

7.5.2.11 Service Panel

a. The service breaker panel for lighting and auxiliary equipment shall
have balanced loads within 15% for each phase.

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Sewer Design Guide
b. The panel shall have its own transformer and not rely on a transformer in
the control panel for service voltage.

7.5.2.12 Electrical Conduit

a. Underground conduit shall be schedule 40 PVC and concrete encased.
Underground conduit shall be constructed with water-tight glued joints.
Stub- ups shall be galvanized steel, Robroy or equivalent. All couplings
and fittings for stub-up shall be coated and threaded. Use long radius
conduit fittings to allow pulling cable.

b. Above ground conduit and stub-ups shall be rigid galvanized steel, PVC
coated 40 mils thick exterior and 2 mil thick phenolic on the interior.
All exterior PVC coating shall be green color.

c. The Contractor shall provide a pull cord in completed conduit
installation for future use.

7.5.2.13 Conduit Routing Schedule: Provide a table in the design drawings that
shows the conduit routing schedule as shown in Table 7.5-1:

TABLE 7.5-1

CONDUIT ROUTING SCHEDULE

Conduit Routing Schedule

Conduit

Diameter

# of
Conduit

Size

From/to
Via

7.5.2.14 Electrical Outlets

a. Provide 120 volt electrical outlets in the station for operation of
miscellaneous station equipment and/or repair power tools. All outlet
below grade and at exterior locations shall be GFI (ground fault
interrupter) protected by GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) circuit
breakers at panels.

b. Provide two (2) 230 volt, 1 phase, 30 amp outlets in the MCC room for
supplying power to emergency breathing apparatus that is used by
personnel when entering the wet well.

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c. All outlets shall have wet location covers to protect against splashing
even when receptacles are in use.

7.5.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

7.5.3.1 General: This Section describes in general the features of the standard design
of electrical controls and instrumentation. Electrical controls and
instrumentation have been standardized by the City. The DESIGN
ENGINEER shall obtain a copy of these standards from the City, and shall
incorporate them in the design after making modifications to meet project
specific requirements.

7.5.3.2 Dedicated Gas Monitoring

a. Methane/explosive gas, hydrogen sulfide, low oxygen, and carbon
monoxide (CO) detectors shall be installed in the dry well.
Methane/explosive gas, low oxygen, and carbon monoxide detectors
shall be installed in the power plant room. Methane sensors shall be
infrared types which do not require periodic calibration.

b. Gas detection equipment shall be Sierra Monitor Corporation, Control
Unit (electrochemical sensors), and Crowcom Corporation, Cirrus
Model (infrared sensor), for standardization of this safety equipment
with other pump stations.

c. The gas detectors shall be calibrated to alarm at the following set point
gas concentrations: Combustible gas - 10% LEL; H
2
S - 10 ppm; O
2
low
- 19.5%; O
2
high - 23%; CO - 35 ppm.

7.5.3.3 Flow Meter: The Contractor shall provide Transducer ATransit Type@
ultrasonic flow meter with panel display on each discharge manifold,
Controlotron Incorporated, Model 1010.

7.5.3.4 Level Control: Provide two pressure transducers for level measurement and
control. These shall be KSI series 700 with stainless steel construction and
rated as submersible. The transmitter output shall be selected per electrical
design requirements (4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, etc.). Higher of the two signals
shall be selected by the control system for the pump start/stop and control
purposes.

7.5.3.5 Pump Control and Alarm Circuit "Ladder Logic" Diagrams

a. The DESIGN ENGINEER is referred to ATTACHMENT 3 in this
Sewer Design Guide, and shall make the necessary modifications to
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include project-specific requirements (i.e., number, size of pumps,
above/below grade facilities, etc.).

b. Specify that the "as-built" electrical drawings shall show the actual "as-
built" wire number labels to conform to MWWD standards. (All wires
and control devices in the Control Panel shall be labeled by the
Contractor).

7.5.3.6 Pump Control Description: A pump control sequence description shall be
provided in the design specifications, and also shall be included in the
Summary of Operation Section of the Operations & Maintenance Manual.
The description shall be in accordance with the guidelines in
ATTACHMENT 3.

7.5.3.7 Calibration Schedule: Provide a control device calibration range schedule
on the design plans for reference during installation and adjustment of the
control devices.

7.5.3.8 Process Instrumentation and Control Diagram: Include a process
instrumentation and control diagram in the design drawings. Show pump
station process components for clarity.

7.5.3.9 "Fail-Safe" Design Alarm Relays

a. Design alarm relays to be normally energized during normal pump
station operation. Relay "fail- safe" design shall thus alert operators
through the telemetry system should an alarm condition occur that de-
energizes the alarm relay as designed, or should an alarm relay fail and
de-energize.

b. Where electro- mechanical relays are installed, provide standard relays
with octal base mounting to simplify replacement of defective units.

c. Provide adequately sized UPS system for maintaining seal- in of relays
during ATS operation.

7.5.3.10 Emergency Motor Controls

a. Motor winding imbedded "motor high temperature" pump interlock.

b. Pedestal mounted emergency stop push button (NEMA 6P submergence
rated) at pump unit.

c. For protection of below grade MCC/control panel locations in event of
flooding, "Dry well flood" float switch shall cause main breaker and
emergency generator breaker shunt disconnect.
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Sewer Design Guide
d. Emergency stop of generator upon methane/explosive gas alarm by
closure of natural gas valve with normally closed (NC) solenoid valve
located outside generator room on natural gas line. The solenoid shall
be operated from DC power generator or battery. Provide hazardous gas
alarm warning light and audible alarm at panel.

7.5.3.11 Motor Starter Circuit Hand Operation

a. Design this circuit so that in hand position, the circuit interlocks
including the motor over-temperature and motor starter overload
contacts shall be "hard relay wired" outside the PLC to allow operation
of this circuit in hand should failure of the PC occur.

b. Design control circuit so that for H-O-A switch selection to "off" or
"manual hand" operation or lockout of circuit breaker does not result in
alarm.

7.5.3.12 Emergency Stop: Provide pump emergency stop push button switch controls
adjacent to each pump installation. This control shall include a lock-out
feature. Switch shall be NEMA 6P submergence rated, Gianini Inc., or equal.

7.5.3.13 Pump Status Indicator Lights: For each pump include the following
indicator lights: pump call (white); pump running (green); pump off (red);
pump failure (red).

7.5.3.14 Pump Run Time: Provide an externally non-resettable elapsed time meters
for each pump in service. The run time meter for each pump shall be located
at M.C.

7.5.3.15 Telemetry Alarms : Refer to ATTACHMENT 3 in this Sewer Design
Guide.

7.5.3.16 Station Status and Alarm Condition Annunciator Panel: Provide an
annunciator panel on the control panel to indicate normal pump station status
conditions, and also all alarm conditions. The alarm conditions to be
indicated shall correspond to the telemetry alarm points. Refer to
ATTACHMENT 3. The annunciator shall be Rochester Instrument System
Model AN- 3100C Series.

7.5.3.17 Panel Indicator Light Bulbs : All indicating lights and alarm annunciator
lights shall be connected to a "push-to-test" button to test for proper
functioning of the bulbs.

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7.5.3.18 Alarm and Control Relay Resets

a. Alarm display relays shall require a manual reset actuation (i.e., reset of
alarm indication shall not occur automatically after an alarm condition
clears).
b. Motor trips shall require a manual reset, and shall not occur
automatically after a trip/alarm condition clears.

c. Provide a master alarm with buzzer and acknowledge (silence) function.
The buzzer shall be loud enough to be heard near the pump station door,
but not too loud to cause neighborhood homeowners complaints.

7.5.4 TELEMETRY

Refer to ATTACHMENT 3.

7.5.5 ALTERNATE BACKUP POWER

7.5.5.1 Emergency Backup Power: Provide a second SDG&E service from another
service area or provide an onsite power plant for emergency electrical supply.

7.5.5.2 Emergency Power Plant Fuel
The preferred type engine is a natural gas powered engine. For emergency
power plants on site, provide the following features:

7.5.5.2.1 Fuel - Diesel: (Special Station Requirement)

a. Diesel engine units can be installed with special approval.

b. The preferred fuel tank installation shall be a fuel tank on the emergency
generator unit (surrounded by a spill confinement dike), or an above
ground block wall enclosure incorporating a confinement dike. All
diesel storage tanks shall have a desiccant dry air filter on vents to
prevent the condensation of water within the tank.

c. Include a large capacity combination fuel filter (2 micron) and water
separator on the fuel line between the fuel tank and the engine. Also
install secondary fuel filters on the engine.

d. The fuel supply system shall include a daytank unit with automatic fuel
pumping from the storage tank.

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e. The engine fuel injector control is to include an "energize-to-run"
solenoid and automatic throttle close by spring tension upon stop signal,
control system failure or engine alarm.

f. Install a fire suppression system per National Fire Protection Code
(NFPC) requirements in the power plant room.

g. A portable power plant with trailer mounted diesel fuel tank can be
considered at the site with prior approval.

7.5.5.3 Engine Unit

7.5.5.3.1 Engine: The engine unit shall be designed with the following features:

a. Specify air-cooled engines instead of water-cooled units where air-
cooled engines in the required Hp are available (air-cooled units are not
subject to water jacket corrosion).

b. The engine shall not be equipped with a turbo charger unless it is
required in order to provide an economically sized unit.

c. The engine shall be equipped with an engine block coolant heater
(water- cooled) or an oil sump heater (air-cooled engine). The heater
units shall be rated to ensure a preheating temperature of 100
o
F. The
heater shall automatically disconnect upon engine start and run.

d. The power plant unit shall be installed on spring isolation supports to
reduce vibration from the unit into the foundation and for seismic
protection. An all directional double acting earthquake snubber Mason
Industries "Vibrex" (or equal) shall be specified.

e. The battery trickle charger shall be a "float equalize" type to prevent
continuous trickle charge at full voltage. Charger shall disconnect when
engine starts. It shall be equipped with an ammeter and voltmeter to
allow proper adjustment of the unit.

f. The engine shall include the following instruments (analogue or digital
readouts) for monitoring performance: oil pressure; engine temperature;
RPM; and hour run meter (non-resettable).

g. Provide LED type panel lights to indicate run status (green lights),
anticipatory warnings to the operator (yellow lights), and failure
conditions (red lights) including the following conditions: emergency
generator run status; engine failure due to overheat; low oil pressure;
over RPM; low fuel; low battery voltage.

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h. Provide a "push-to-test" button for testing panel indicator lights.

i. Install an oil drain line hose extension with a ball valve and plug end
fitting from the sump to the side of the engine unit for ease of routine oil
changes. Similarly, install a valved coolant drain line.

j. Provide an oil pan spill dike under the engine to hold spilled oil from the
crankcase.

k. Provide for auto-emergency shutdown with the following conditions:
over-cranking; over-speed; low oil pressure; high coolant temperature.
The controls shall be interlocked to drop the electrical load immediately
prior to the emergency shutdown.

l. Provide a test/auto/off engine switch control to allow exercising the
engine under load or for testing the engine unloaded.

m. The engine shall have an electronic speed governor that shall hold the
engine speed to within 2 CPS of rated value.

n. Provide a timed auto exercise control feature.

o. The engine starting controls and/or transfer switch shall include an
unloaded generator cool-down delay.

p. Provide a hospital- grade critical type muffler and sound dampened inlet
air louvers to reduce engine noise at the property line if required to meet
noise control requirements. On the exhaust manifold, install a water
drain trap, wrap the exhaust piping in insulation (non-asbestos type) and
at the end install a flapper cover with a stop on the flap to prevent it
from hanging open.

q. Provide an air filter head loss indicator (Donaldson, Inc. or approved
equivalent) that indicates a need for filter replacement due to high head
loss through the filter.

r. For high oil consumption, air-cooled type generators, provide an
automatic oil fill system with visual indication of oil level. This system
shall add oil to the engine automatically when the level drops in the
sump.

s. Provide a vibration alarm (generator fail) and auto control to lock out
generator with this signal.

7.5.5.4 Generator Unit: The electrical generator unit shall be designed with the
following features:
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Sewer Design Guide

a. The generator shall be the brushless alternator type. All generator
windings are to be constructed of copper only.

b. The generator shall have a solid state voltage regulator capable of
maintaining voltage within 2% at any constant load from 0 to 100% of
rating.

c. The engine/generator shall have sufficient capacity to supply all starting
current requirements. It shall be sized to have sufficient capacity to
supply maximum load conditions after load factor has been taken into
account. Upon application of the rated load, the instantaneous voltage
dip shall not exceed 20% and shall recover to rated voltage within one
second. (Note: Ensure that the pump motors specified can withstand the
low voltage/high current conditions during ATS emergency generator
startup). The generator unit shall be sized to sequentially start all pumps
at the station in both the normal operation Asoft start@mode or
emergency operation Aacross the line@mode. It shall be ensured that in
the event that loss of normal station power occurs, the pump motors
come to a stop before power is re-applied from the alternate source.

d. The generator shall be equipped with an electrical resistance type heater
to maintain a minimum temperature to reduce moisture in the unit. The
heater shall automatically disconnect upon start of the generator. This
heater is in addition to the engine block coolant heater.

e. The panel shall be equipped with the following instruments to monitor
the three phase generator: voltmeter; ammeter; frequency meter; and
panel illumination light.

7.5.5.5 Transfer Switch B Automatic

a. The station shall have an interlock protected emergency power transfer
switch to automatically start the generator in the event of loss of any
phase of power, reverse power or low voltage brownout.

b. The transfer switch shall include time delay controls for the following
functions: prevent start/stop short cycling of the emergency generator
due to momentary dips in line voltage; transfer the load to the generator
when it is at rated voltage and frequency, return to line power with
adjustable time delay when line power is restored, and initiate an engine
shutdown [note: provide "programmed neutral" BBtime delay (i.e.,
adjustable 0-10 second to allow equipment to coast off before transfer)
or in-phase monitor (i.e., large units to match generator-to- line
phasing)].

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c. The generator shall have a disconnect plug and interlock at the transfer
switch for isolation to prevent auto operation during maintenance.

d. Provide "Load Sequencer" control with two NC and two NO auxiliary
contacts for the control system that can operate prior to transfer in either
direction (i.e., to avoid control/alarm relay problem as required at
transfer). All transfer switches shall have load shed or synchronization
controls to avoid current surges due to out of phase conditions at
transfers.

e. The ATS shall be mounted within sight of the generator control panel or
generator remote status annunciator panel for ease of operation.

f. Transfer switch operation by Programmable Controller is allowable.

7.5.5.6 Transfer Switch B Manual (Special Station Requirement)

a. The manual transfer system shall require the use of an enable key to
sequentially open the line power service and then transfer to the
emergency power service connection.

b. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall ensure that the transfer switch is rated at
the same amperage interrupting capacity (AIC) withstand rating as the
line power service.

c. The following warning sign shall be posted on the transfer switch panel:

"DO NOT TRANSFER POWER WHEN UNDER LOAD"

7.5.5.7 Emergency Generator Installation Location

a. The emergency power plant shall normally be installed inside the station
in a room dedicated to this installation.

b. Where installed in a power plant room, eye-bolts or a crane rail hoist
system shall be installed over the unit for assisting with maintenance and
repairs.

c. Where installed in a power plant room, a remote annunciator panel
indicating the operational status of the generator shall be installed at the
pump station motor control panel in order to monitor the status of the
emergency power plant from that location.

d. The generator room shall have a floor drain to sewer that includes the
following features: drain line oil trap with water seal in sump area; roof
vent stack.
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e. If approved for outside installation, the emergency power plant shall be
installed under an overhead roof for protection from the elements. This
overhead roof shall be equipped with a 115 volt electrical service and
lighting. Power plants installed outside the building shall be installed
inside a noise attenuating/security enclosure with access panels secured
by padlocks. This enclosure and the generator control panel as installed
at the site shall be completely secure from entry by rodents or other
small animals. The enclosure shall include a view window to allow
observation of the operating panel from the outside. In addition, a
remote annunciator panel indicating the operational status of the
generator shall be installed at the pump station motor control panel in
order to monitor the status of the emergency power plant from that
location.

7.5.5.8 Emergency Plug-In Connection: For stations without a dedicated
emergency generator (i.e., some existing stations to be retrofitted), install a
manual transfer switch and an emergency plug- in power connection to the
station for use with a portable generator. The plug- in connector shall be a
Kam-Lok, Inc. color coded "Posilok" system, or for services larger than 400
amps, a "Camlock" system.

7.5.5.9 Maintenance Service Contract: A one year service contract shall be
provided by the Emergency Generator Vendor (Contractor) as part of their
requirements as listed in the design specifications. This service contract shall
include all routine service checks recommended by the manufacturer during
the first year of operation including the following: changing fluids; adjusting
drive belts; adjusting/checking all equipment; monthly exercise of unit under
load. The Contractor shall coordinate this work with the Wastewater
Collection Division Pump Station Operations Supervisor.

.
7.5.6 OTHER STATION REQUIREMENTS

7.5.6.1 Emergency Lighting: Install an emergency battery-powered lighting system
in the station (including stairwells) and provide lighted exit signs which are
interconnected with the emergency lighting system at the station access doors.

7.5.6.2 Corrosion Control System (Special Station Requirement)

a. Install corrosion control equipment as required to protect the station
buried piping and force main which can include the following: cathodic
test stations; sacrificial anodes; impressed current; rectifiers; insulation
flange kits; and pipe flange bonding wiring (for continuous bonding).
Nylon insulation bushings are to be installed between dissimilar metals
in piping (i.e. brass fittings connected to manifolds), between pumps and
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inlet and discharge piping (to insulate from inductance current caused by
motors as required in Impressed Current Corrosion Control Systems).

b. Install an electrolytic insulating blanket on corrosion protected pipelines
installed near corrosion protected natural gas lines. Ensure a minimum
of 25 feet of separation between the lines and install the blanket to
extend 25 feet either side of the pipeline at the crossing.

c. The corrosion control system and protective coatings on the force main
piping shall be designed to ensure protection for the useful life of the
station (typically 50 years).

d. Contact the Water Utilities Corrosion Engineer for additional
information concerning the corrosion control system requirements.

e. Also refer to Chapter 6 for additional corrosion protection requirements.
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SECTION 7.6 VENTILATION

7.6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

7.6.1.1 Dry Well Required Air Changes: DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide an
adequate ventilation system as required by NFPA 820. No less than twelve
continuous air changes per hour plus additional requirements for motor and
switchgear cooling as required shall be provided for the dry well by a powered
supply and exhaust system.

7.6.1.2 Air Supply/Exhaust Locations : Air shall be supplied into the dry well pump
room at floor level and exhausted both at floor and ceiling levels. Air shall
also be exhausted from the upper level motor control center room at ceiling
level.

7.6.1.3 Minimum Fan Horsepower: The minimum allowable ventilation fan motor
size shall be 2 horsepower

7.6.1.4 Ductwork Materials: Ductwork for all applications except wet well exhaust
shall be constructed of aluminum with PVC coating/lining. Wet well exhaust
ductwork shall be constructed of fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP). All
diffusers, registers, and dampers shall have nylon bearings, stainless steel
shafts, and be PVC-coated aluminum or FRP matching the connecting
ductwork material.

7.6.1.5 Maintenance Access Covers : Provide access covers for ease of maintenance
of motors and fan pulleys.

7.6.1.6 Location of Fan Installations : Locate the fans at 7 ft above the floor, to be
readily accessible with short portable ladders.

7.6.1.7 Ventilation Filters (Special Station Requirement): Install a pre- filter and a
high-efficiency final filter on inlet vent ducting for noise attenuation and to
minimize dust in the station. Filters shall be located for convenient
maintenance access, and be provided with an access cover. Label the filter
locations to alert the operator to the need for periodic maintenance of the
filters.

7.6.1.8 Rodent Proofing Openings: Ventilation openings shall be provided with
stainless steel screens to prevent the entrance of birds, rodents, and other small
animals.

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7.6.2 AVOIDING VENTILATION CROSS CIRCUITING

7.6.2.1 Ventilation Short-Circuiting Considerations: Locate the ventilation air inlet
upstream of all exhaust air outlets relative to the prevailing wind direction.
The minimum separation between any air inlet and discharge outlet shall be
10 feet. Ensure that ventilation inlets are not located where emergency
generator exhaust or wet well venting can be drawn into the station
ventilation. Both these potentially hazardous discharges should be vented at
the roof level to provide dispersion.

7.6.3 NOISE ATTENUATION

7.6.3.1 Maximum Allowable Noise Levels at Property Line: Maximum allowable
outside sound level at the property line shall be 45 dbA. Install acoustic
doors, inlet and outlet baffles/silencers; locate fans away from the inlets and
outlets or other measures on the station as required. The generator room shall
be installed with acoustic panels on the walls and ceiling as necessary.

7.6.3.2 Maximum Allowable Noise Levels Inside Station: Provide acoustic liners in
the ducting and take any other measures as required to minimize ventilation
noise inside the station such that the noise does not interfere with voice
communication, or constitute a hearing hazard.

7.6.4. GENERATOR ROOM VENTILATION

7.6.4.1 Required Continuous Generator Room Ventilation: Generator rooms,
where natural gas or diesel powered generators are installed, require a
minimum of 15 air changes per hour continuous powered supply and exhaust.

7.6.4.2 Ventilation during Generator Run: Provide additional powered
ventilation/cooling as required for cooling and combustion air for the engine
unit. Generally for above grade facilities, the inlet air is provided by a large
set of louvers with power open/close on generator start. For the large air flows
required for generator cooling, efficient high air flow rate fans and ducting is
required, and ducting should be laid out to minimize severe changes in
direction.

7.6.5 VENTILATION/ODOR CONTROL OF THE WET WELL

7.6.5.1 Passive Odor Control System: Provide for passive venting through a
properly sized odor control canister containing activated charcoal. Charcoal
canisters shall be of a design which will permit replacement of the media
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when required. Install PVC piping with valving to allow bypass venting
around the canister as required.

7.6.5.2 Power Ventilation/Odor Control (Special Station Requirement): Wet
wells shall be mechanically ventilated (supply and exhaust) continuously in
accordance with NFPA 820 to provide 20 air changes per hour. Provide an
activated charcoal canister on the exhaust for odor control. Size the canister to
provide one year of treatment at the anticipated air flow rates and hazardous
gas concentrations. Provide a spare redundant canister. Maximum blower
noise at the property line shall be 45 dbA; install a noise attenuator as
required. Blower shall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials such as
FRP. Exhaust blower shall be located downstream of the activated charcoal
canister. Ducting shall be FRP and, where installed in an outside location,
shall be coated with an ultraviolet resistant coating such as polyurethane.
Also provide a valved bypass for passive venting around the canister.

7.6.6 DEHUMIDIFIER

7.6.6.1 Dehumidifier Installation (Special Station Requirement): For underground
stations with below-grade control panels, provide an electric dehumidifier on
a shelf adjacent to the panels.

7.6.7 AIR CONDITIONING/COOLING SYSTEMS

7.6.7.1 Electrical Rooms (Special Station Requirement): At inland locations where
the ambient air temperature can exceed 90
0
F during certain seasons, or
required by MWWD, the motor control room shall be supplied with air
conditioned to 80
o
F maximum and shall be ventilated at a minimum of 6 air
changes per hour. Filters shall be as specified under AGeneral Requirements@,
except that pre- filter shall be the washable-type.

7.6.7.2 Panel Cooling: (Special Station Requirement ): Where required for VFD
units or other specialized electronic equipment, provide dedicated panel air
filtration and/or air conditioning equipment for special treatment of the panel
air temperature. Filters shall be as specified under AGeneral Requirements@,
except that pre- filter shall be the washable-type.
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SECTION 7.7 DRY WELL


7.7.1.1 Above-Grade Building Construction: Pump stations shall generally be
constructed with an above grade building housing the electrical panels, motor
control center, control panels and pump motors.

7.7.1.2 Stairway Access: All pump stations shall generally have stairways
constructed for access to all levels of the dry well. Stairways may be
constructed of cast- in-place concrete or anodized aluminum structural
members. Stairs shall be equipped with safety rails, kick plates, non skid
nosing plates or safety treads, and safety chains (at access openings as
required). Where aluminum safety rails are installed on cast- in-place concrete
stairs, provide rubber corrosion insulating strips at contact points with
concrete.

7.7.1.3 Underground Station Access Stairs: Where stations are constructed without
an above-grade building, stairways for access into underground stations shall
be installed instead of ladders. provide railings and/or multiple detachable
chains around stairway access openings for employee and public safety.
Install nonskid stair safety tread. Opening the dry well door shall
automatically light the stairway. Stairways shall also be constructed between
floors.

7.7.1.4 Underground Station Equipment Hatches: For safety reasons, the dry well
for underground pumping stations shall have two separate access hatches in
addition to the stair access hatch. One access is for personnel entering by
safety tripod and the other for removal of equipment. Access floor doors shall
be H-20 load rated, dual leaf type fitted with stainless steel hinges and
stainless steel vertical spring in a closed tube, spring balanced doors requiring
a maximum force of 40 lbs. Provide a recessed padlock compartment in the
doors. Opening of stair access hatch shall automatically turn on the lights.

7.7.1.5 Personnel Access to Equipment-Elevated Platforms: All equipment
requiring routine maintenance or operation (i.e., isolation valves, air valves,
pump shaft U-joints, eye bolts for chain hoist attachment, etc) that cannot be
designed to be accessible from the floor level, shall have access provided by
catwalk platform. Provide a ladder access to the platform. The ladder shall be
provided with installed safety climb rail and harness equipment, and a Aladder
up post@, hand rail or safety post that extends 3 feet above the ladder for safe
access, Miller Industries or equal.

7.7.1.6 Rolling Stairway for Equipment Access (Special Station Requirement):
An alternative to the platform access described in the preceding subsection, is
installation of a rolling stairway in the pump room and/or intermediate levels.
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This stairway is to provide safe access to the equipment described in the
previous subsection that requires routine access during operation and
maintenance.

7.7.1.7 Fire Extinguishers : Install fire extinguishers rated for Class A, B, and C fires
in the motor room, motor control center room, pump room and standby
generator room.

7.7.1.8 Fire Rated Doors : Install NFPA-approved fire resistant door between the
standby generator room and the rest of the dry well.

7.7.1.9 Fluorescent Lights: Rapid starting type fluorescent lighting shall be used.

7.7.1.10 Safety Lighting: Provide battery charged emergency lighting in all areas and
in stairways.

7.7.1.11 Skylights: (Special Station Requirement): Install skylights in the pump
station roof over the motors and standby generator for natural lighting during
maintenance (if practical and/or structurally feasible). These skylights/roof
hatches should also be useable for removal of pumps, motors, and power plant
equipment through the roof if required by maintenance operations. Install the
skylights/roof hatches with inside latches operated by an extension pole.
Install a personnel access hatch reached by an inside ladder for access to the
roof. Skylights shall incorporate reinforced metal bars to prevent
vandalism/break- in through the skylight.

7.7.1.12 Safety Warning Signs: Safety warning signs shall be posted near all
hazardous equipment in plain, unobstructed view and shall include warnings
for automatic starting of pumps and other equipment. Warning signs shall
include the following: AWarning Automatic starting of equipment@, Warning
High Voltage@(at Main Service Center and Motor Control Center), and
AWarning Hazardous Chemicals@(at odor control systems).

7.7.1.13 Concrete Surface Sealing: All interior concrete floor surfaces of the dry well
shall be protected with a sealer/hardener finish coating.

7.7.1.14 Non-Skid Coating: Provide non-skid type floor finish coating around
equipment where maintenance will be performed.

7.7.1.15. Equipment Maintenance Clearance: All equipment shall have adequate (32
feet minimum) clearance from other equipment and station walls for
maintenance and repair work space requirements.

7.7.1.16 Safety Guards: OSHA Safety guards shall be placed around all moving
machinery parts including pump drive shaft assemblies.

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7.7.1.17 Valve Wrenches: Gate keys required for turning station valves, including any
alfalfa valves, shall be provided along with a wall bracket mounted inside the
station for storage of the gate keys.

7.7.2. EQUIPMENT REMOVAL

7.7.2.1 Hoist Clearance: Ensure adequate horizontal and vertical clearance between
overhead crane hoists and other installed equipment to allow lifting and
moving motors and pump equipment to the station doors via the crane rail.
Motor room crane rails shall extend beyond double entry doors to allow
removal of equipment from the dry well building. Rubber enclosure flaps
shall be installed where the crane rail exits through the door cutout.

7.7.2.2 Extended Shaft Pump Equipment Hoisting: In the pump room, for
removal/reinstallation of pumps provide a wall mounted, rotating jib crane
between each pair of installed pumps. This crane shall be equipped with hand
chain hoists, and shall allow lifting and moving pumps between the pump
base and the floor. Also, provide an overhead crane rail with motorized hoist
and trolley in the pump room for subsequently lifting and moving equipment
across the pump room to a position below the equipment maintenance access
hatch. Alternately, where this jib crane installation cannot be accommodated
due to space or piping limitations, provide lifting eye bolts in the ceiling
between each installed pump, and adjacent wall mounted eye bolts. Eyebolts
shall be mechanically connected to the reinforcing bar with a structural insert.
These will be used for installation of hand chain hoists for lifting and moving
pumps vertically or horizontally between the pump base and the floor. If a
rolling gantry crane is satisfactory, no other hoist is needed in the pump room.
For this alternate installation, provide a heavy duty rolling ladder to be stored
in the pump room for installation and movement of the mechanical chain
hoists. Finally, install an overhead crane rail and equipment maintenance
hatch in the grade level motor control center for removing equipment from the
pump room and out of the station, same as the jib crane installation.

7.7.2.3 Hoisting Submersible Pumps (Special Station Requirement): For
submersible pumps in a dry well application, in the pump room install an
overhead crane rail hoist for lifting and moving equipment to the pump room
access hatch for equipment removal. Also, install an overhead crane rail in
the grade level motor control center room for removing equipment from the
pump room and out of the station.

7.7.2.4 Traveling Overhead Crane Rail Hoists: For electrical spark hazard safety,
traveling rail trolley hoists shall utilize extending power cords (i.e. instead of
open bus type electrical power source) to supply power to the unit trolley as it
moves along the crane rail.
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7.7.2.5 Equipment Hatches: Equipment hatches and rail hoists shall readily allow
removal or installation of equipment in the station. Access floor doors shall
be H-20 load rated, single leaf type fitted with end chains, stainless steel
hinges, stainless steel vertical spring in a closed tube, and be spring balanced
doors requiring a maximum force of 40 lbs, Bilco Inc., or equal.

7.7.3 HAZARDOUS GAS DETECTION SENSORS

7.7.3.1 Methane/Explosive Gas Sensors and Alarms : Methane/explosive gas
sensors and alarms shall be provided in accordance with subsection 7.53.2
requirements.

7.7.3.2 Access to Sensors: Provide ladder with safety climb rail for access from
motor or MCC room to sensors mounted above 5-feet height on the wall.

7.7.3.3 Hazardous Gas Warning Sign: Locate following warning sign in each area
of the pump station: AWarning: Possible Hazardous Gas Conditions.
Continuously Operate Portable Hazardous Gas Detection Equipment Inside
Facility@.

7.7.4. FINISHES AND STANDARDIZED PAINT SCHEMES AND
LETTERING

7.7.4.1 Piping Color Scheme and Markers: Identification of piping associated with
equipment and other utility lines and identification devices for all hazardous
chemicals storage and conveyance facilities shall comply with the Exposed
Piping Identification Schedule of Specification Section 15030, Volume VI of
the Metropolitan Wastewater Department Clean Water Program Guidelines,
and shall include the use of pipe markers that indicate the type of utility line
and the flow direction. Table 7.7-1 shows the color identification scheme for
piping.

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TABLE 7.7-1

EXPOSED PIPING IDENTIFICATION SCHEDULE

Fluid
Abbreviation

Function &
Identification

Identification
Color

Remarks
Suggested Tnemec Color or
Equal

CA

Compressed Air

Off-White

Barbados PA24

CS

Sodium
Hydroxide
(NaOH)

Yellow

Safety Yellow

EE

Engine Exhaust

Yellow

Safety Yellow

FA

Foul Air

Off-White

Barbados PA24

IA

Instrument Air

Off-White

Barbados PA24

PRW

Process Water,
Industrial Water,
Seal Water

Light Blue

Clear Sky EN17

PW

Potable Water

White

RS

Raw Sewage

Grey

Grey IN05

SHC

Sodium
Hypochlorite
(NaOCl)

Yellow

Safety Yellow

Valves

See Remarks

Same color corresponding to
fluid being carried

VD

Ventilation
Ductwork

Off-White

Barbados PA24

NG

Natural Gas

Yellow

Safety Yellow

7.7.4.2 Paint Scheme for Other Equipment: The paint scheme for other equipment
shall comply with Specification Section 15030. The types of equipment may
include engines, generators, air compressors, and their accessories, and
hazardous chemicals storage for odor control systems. The paint scheme for
equipment not included above shall be as directed by the Senior Civil
Engineer. Table 7.7-2 is in compliance with Section 15030 of Volume VI,
Clean Water Program Guidelines.

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TABLE 7.7-2

COLOR IDENTIFICATION SCHEDULE
FOR EQUIPMENT AND ASSOCIATED PIPING

Equipment Type

Color

Pumps (service pumps)
Piping

OSHA Safety Blue
OSHA Safety Red

Air Compressor

Compressed Air Pipe

Light Green with Dark
Green Bands
White

Drive Shaft Guard Cage

OSHA Safety Red

General Hazardous
Equipment, Valves

OSHA Safety Red

Overhead Crane
Rail/Lifting Hook

OSHA Safety Yellow
With Black Striping

General Warning -
Equipment

OSHA Safety Yellow

Outside Parking Post

OSHA Safety Yellow
With Reflectors

Electrical Conduit

Dark Green

Generator

Manufacturer's Yellow

7.7.5 SUMP PUMPS

7.7.5.1 Piping to Sump Pump: Drain the dry well into a sump in the pump room.
The sump shall be easily visible from the floor above. Do not drain upper
pump station levels directly into the wet well (odor problems, and a flooded
wet well will flood the station).

7.7.5.2 Sump Pump Features: Sump pumps shall be designed with the following
features: Minimum solids passing capability of 2 inches; motor over
temperature and seal chamber moisture detection alarms; recessed vortex
impeller or non-clog type impeller. Two pumps (one duty and one standby)
shall be provided; and the pump control panel shall be located at the MCC
level. Specify pumps with Aheavy duty@rating (bearings and seals) suitable
for pumping solids and grit that can operate without overheating in a partially
submerged condition. The pump shall include the following features: lower
shaft bearings, stainless steel shaft, double silicon carbide mechanical seals,
and oil- filled motor. The pump power leads shall plug into an electrical outlet
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for ease of replacement. Locate this outlet in an accessible area above flood
level, but not less than 4 feet above the finished floor.

7.7.5.3 Sump Pump Discharge Piping Features: Piping installation shall be
designed with the following features: sump opening shall be covered with
FRP grating and 316L stainless steel frame opening; PVC discharge piping
and fittings, a union at the connection to the PVC discharge piping (to allow
pump removal for maintenance); cleanout tee fittings at elbows; swing check
valves mounted in a horizontal position (to prevent jamming from
sedimentation); and ball type PVC isolation valves on sump pump discharge
piping. Route sump pump discharge into the wet well 2 feet above the
maximum high water level, or to the first sewer manhole upstream of any wet
well which contains an inlet isolation gate.

7.7.6. FLOODED MCC LEVEL ALARM AND SWITCH

7.7.6.1 Electrical Power Shutoff on Major Flooding: For underground pump
stations where the motor control center is below grade, a high water level float
switch shall be located just below the MCC level. It shall lock out all power
to the station, i.e. the main electrical service and emergency generator to
prevent shock hazard and damage to electrical equipment from submergence
while under load.
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SECTION 7.8 WET WELL

7.8.1 INLET DESIGN

7.8.1.1 Inlet Pipe: Design the wet well inlet sewer such that its invert is above the
high water operating level. (Note: ensures unusual inlet sewer conditions do
not exist that could cause odor problems to occur at upstream sewer lateral
roof vents of buildings due to back up of odors from the station wet well).
Provide a wall slope below for the inflow to flow down, rather than
discharging vertically to the water surface. Locate the inlet so that inflow is
evenly distributed to all the pump suctions. The inlet discharge shall be
designed to minimize turbulence and odor generation, and shall be designed in
accordance with ANSI/HI 9.8 Pump Intake Design Standard for solid-bearing
liquids.

7.8.1.2. Inlet Sewer: The inlet sewer shall be designed to minimize turbulence and
odor generation. Design the line to avoid hydraulic jumps or other conditions
that can result in sealing of the air flow space above the water flow line, which
can create upstream odor conditions. Flow shall be sub-critical and normal
depth for at least the final 10 feet before entering the wet well. Design shall
include two flexible joints on the influent sewer within 5 feet or 2D of the
wall penetration to allow for differential settlement.

7.8.1.3 Influent Flow Meter (Special Station Requirement): Major pump stations
(5 M.D. and above) shall have a flow measuring device on the incoming
sewer, ADS Inc., or equal, if required for billing purposes. (Note: this is a
separate requirement from the ultrasonic flow meter required on the discharge
manifold of all station).

7.8.1.4 Spill Location: The inflect sewer and pump station spill locations shall be
indicated on the design drawings (i.e., lowest upstream elevation or wet well
cover elevation where backup spill will occur). Include M.S.L. elevation
information for spill location.

7.8.2 HYDRAULIC DESIGN

7.8.2.1 Standard Wet Well Configuration: The standard configuration shall be to
install the pump suction ell piping at a flat section of the wet well. This flat
section to have sufficient width for installation of the inclined bar rack, and an
additional 2 feet minimum for personnel to stand on in front of the bar rack.
Walls shall be sloped down to this floor portion.

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7.8.2.2. Suction Elbow: The distance between the wet well floor and the turned down
bell mouth suction inlet of diameter "D" shall be a maximum of D/2 and a
minimum of D/4, but not less than 3 inches. Minimum submergence of the
pump suction bell (the upper end defines the low flow level) shall be
determined in accordance with ANSI/HI Section 9.8.7

7.8.2.3 Self-Cleaning Wet Wells (Special Station Requirement): Wet wells shall be
designed in accordance with the Hydraulic Institute Section 9.8 Pump Intake
Design Standard for trench type wet wells for solids-bearing liquids. Velocity
at the pump intake bell shall not exceed 3.5 fps. Self-cleaning trench type wet
wells shall be evaluated for use for pump stations equal to or greater than 3
mgd capacity. Separate overflow storage may be provided if sufficient storage
volume cannot be provided in the wet well above the trench. Normal wet well
operating level shall not exceed invert of inlet pipe Design shall employ an
electrically actuated inlet sluice gate for wet well level control during cleaning
(when the wet well level is drawn down to the pump intake level). Note: This
installation shall include non-submerged inlet, constant speed pumping, bar
rack screening, and overflow storage if required. See Figures 7.8-1A, 7.8-1B
and 7.8-1C for wet well arrangement.

7.8.3 TRASH RACK

7.8.3.1 Trash Rack above Pump Suction: Provide a trash rack constructed of 2- inch
PVC pipe angled at 45
o
above the pump suction area. The trash rack openings
shall be 2: inches clear with 2: inches clearance to the floor, and the
horizontal support members of the rack shall be spaced at 18-inches. The
sections of the trash rack shall be held with Type 316 stainless steel clips to
allow removal by maintenance personnel for hand cleaning under the trash rack
when the wet well is pumped down. Provide a minimum of 2 feet of flat floor
in front of the bar rack for safe footing of personnel during rack maintenance.

7.8.3.2 Large Pump Station Trash Rack/Screen (Special Station Requirement):
For wet wells in large stations (3 mgd), install the following bar rack/screen
installation: The inlet sewer shall discharge onto a Type 316 stainless steel
bar rack inclined at 45 degrees with 2: -inch spaced bars to screen inflect
(screen objects 3-inches and larger) into the wet well. The bar rack shall
connect at its upper end to a bar screen platform with grating openings of 2:
inches by 4 inches to screen objects larger than 3 inches in diameter. The bar
rack/bar screen platform shall extend across the entire horizontal area of the
wet well. All supporting beams, and angles to support the bar screen
assembly shall be Type 316 stainless steel. All anchor bolts shall be Type 316
stainless steel. A safety railing constructed of Type 316 stainless steel shall be
installed at the junction of the bar screen platform and bar rack to protect
personnel standing on the bar screen platform cleaning the bar rack from
falling onto the bar rack. A removable panel shall be installed in the bar
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screen platform below a 36- inch manhole cover (described in subsection
7.8.8.1) to allow access it for cleaning the bottom of the wet well with factor
truck suction equipment. The clips securing the bar screen shall be Type 316
stainless steel.

7.8.3.3 Self-Cleaning Wet Wells (Special Station Requirement): For self-cleaning
wet wells described in subsection 7.8.2.3, bar rack shall be constructed of 2-
inch Sch 80 PVC with 2: inches clear openings and shall rest on the upper
portion of the inlet ramp. A 36-inch manhole shall be located directly above
the bar rack to allow access from above for cleaning screening accumulations
with vactor truck suction equipment.

7.8.3.4 Mechanical Screens: (Special Station Requirements): Where a mechanical
screen is required, provide a moving rake type screen (AClimber@Screen by
Infilco-Degremont, FMC or equal) in accordance with MWWD=s Clean Water
Program Design Guidelines, Appendix D, Chapter D14. Discharge directly to
a screenings washer/compactor and then convey the washed/compacted
screenings to a roll-off bin for handling off-site.

7.8.4 STORAGE VOLUME REQUIREMENTS

7.8.4.1 Operational, Two-Hour, and Six-Hour Emergency Storage Volume
Requirements: Refer to subsections 7.2.6.7 and 7.2.7 for emergency storage
volume requirements.

7.8.4.2 Design Features for Emergency Overflow Storage Wet Well: Separate the
working volume storage (volume of sewage pumped per pumping on/off
cycle) of the pump station from the two-hour and/or six hour overflow
storage. To separate the working volume from the six hour overflow storage
volume, provide an overflow line with swing flapper valve to prevent wet well
gas from entering overflow storage volume, and a gate valve for drainage
back into the working volume for pumping down the overflow storage wet
well after the overflow event. Provide two (2) roof access openings for both
the operating wet well and emergency storage wet well for safety and
maintenance operations.

7.8.4.3 Design Features for Emergency Overflow Storage Tank: Alternately, the
emergency storage can be in a separate storage tank. The overflow line to the
tank shall be located in a valve box and equipped with swing flapper valve
that will open to allow flow into the storage tank, but will prevent wet well
gas from entering the overflow tank. A separate valved drain line to the wet
well shall be installed. The tank bottom shall be sloped to provide overall
drainage from the floor back to the wet well. Provide two (2) access openings
for the tank for safety and maintenance operations.
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7.8.4.4 Passive Overflow: For low lift pump stations, in lieu of emergency storage,
design a passive bypass flow line from the wet well to the discharge trunk
sewer (TS) if a high wet well water level can rise above the discharge TS
elevation without backup/flooding in the inlet line.

7.8.5 CORROSION PROTECTION

7.8.5.1 T-Lock Lining: Wet well walls and ceiling (start at base of wall) shall be
lined with T-lock PVC. Pipe penetrations shall be sealed with a bonding agent
and T-lock. The floor of the wet well shall be coated with a two part epoxy
primer and 100 mil polyethylene coating system, Sancon, Inc., or equal.
Specify that the installer shall be licensed for this work by the manufacturer.
Also, specify that the spark testing inspection for this work shall be
accomplished per the most rigorous GREENBOOK requirements (i.e., highest
test equipment spark voltage). The coating and PVC lining shall be free of
pinholes as confirmed by the spark testing.

7.8.5.2 Pipe and Fittings Coatings: All ferrous piping to be fusion coat epoxy, inside
and outside, 3M inc. # 134 or equal. Refer to Chapter 6 and subsection 7.4.9.1
for other specific requirements.

7.8.5.3 Fasteners: All fasteners in the wet well for piping and anchor bolts to be
stainless steel 316.

7.8.6 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION

7.8.6.1 Level Control: The level control shall be a submerged transducer. The
installation detail shall be as shown on the associated standard
electrical/control drawings in the Design Guide attachments, (see
ATTACHMENT 3).

7.8.6.2 Explosion Proof Installation: All electrical conduit and wiring into the wet
well shall be NEMA 6P submergence rated. All conduit penetrations into the
wet well shall have NEMA 4X explosion proof seal off fittings. No junction
boxes or covers shall be installed in the wet well.

7.8.7 WET WELL VENTILATION AND ODOR CONTROL

7.8.7.1 Ventilation, Odor Control: Refer to Design Guide subsection 7.6.5 for
specific requirements regarding wet well ventilation and odor control.

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
7.8.8 HATCHES, EMERGENCY ACCESS

7.8.8.1 Wet Well Access: Install two 36- inch diameter manholes covers (with 24- inch
diameter center access cover) on the wet well roof. Locate at opposite ends
and above the flat portion of the wet well (located in front of the inclined bar
rack over the pump suction lines). One is for personnel access and the second
for vactor cleaning and equipment removal (note: all access to the wet well
shall be by safety tripod and harness).

7.8.8.2 Alfalfa Valves (Special Station Requirement): To prevent spilling from the
wet well or exit of odors and provide access, the wet well shall be fitted with
two 36- inch diameter, rubber- gasketed, locking alfalfa valve covers each
located as described in subsection 7.8.8.1 for manholes. The inner surface of
the valves and frames shall be coated with fusion bond epoxy for corrosion
protection. The threaded stems and threaded supports shall be low-phosphor
bronze. The alfalfa valves shall have a removable arch support with locking
eccentric latches to allow unobstructed access into the opening. The valve
shall have a rubber gasket for gas tight seal.
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Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
SECTION 7.9 FORCE MAINS


7.9.1.1 Dual Force Mains: All pump stations shall be equipped with dual force
mains. Each force main shall include the following: isolation valves,
emergency pump connection (see subsection 7.9.2.4), and valved drainage line
into the wet well (located inside the dry well). This shall allow use of either
force main should the second line require draining and repair.

7.9.1.2 PVC Pressure Pipe: PVC pipe is the preferred material for force mains.
Force main fittings and appurtenances shall be ductile or cast iron. Analyze
pipeline stresses to PVC that will occur with pressure on/off cycles and surge
pressures to ensure the PVC will operate over the working life of the pump
station (50 years). Use an AE@in the design of PVC pipe that is appropriate
for PVC pipe at the end of its planned design life. However, the minimum
pressure class for all stations regardless of total dynamic head requirements
shall be at least class 200.

7.9.1.3 Ductile Iron Pipe (Special Station Requirement): Lined and coated ductile
iron pipe may be specified for force mains in special cases, with prior
approval by the Senior Civil Engineer. This may include high lift stations
(total discharge head greater than 100 psi) where the initial length of the force
main to the property line (where access for repair is typically difficult due to
the depth of pipe) may be constructed of ductile iron. Considerations must be
made for corrosion monitoring and protection.

7.9.1.4 Force Main Isolation Valves: Install isolation valves on each force main both
inside the dry well (located near the wall penetration) and outside the station
within the fenced- in area (located upstream of the emergency pump
connections).

7.9.1.5 Flex Couplings at Pump Station Wall: Install dual flexible couplings
(dresser couplings) or ball and socket type fittings) outside the station on the
force main to allow for differential settlement.

7.9.1.6 Corrosion Protection: All buried ferrous pipe, fittings, and valves shall be
coated as specified in Chapter 6 and subsection 7.4.9.1. Also, prior to backfill
all fittings shall be coated with a wax tape system, Trenton Inc., or equal. All
fasteners on buried fittings shall be stainless steel class 316 as specified in
subsection 7.4.6.2. Refer to Sewer Design Guide Chapter 6 for other detailed
specific corrosion protection requirements.

7.9.1.7 Thrust Blocks: Provide thrust blocks at all bends on the force main. In
constructing the required dual force mains, ensure that at bends, each force
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
main thrust block is installed against undisturbed soil. Vertical thrust
restraining clamps on siphon high points shall be specified as required to
restrain the pipe. No vertical thrust blocks are allowed.

7.9.1.8 Restrained Buried Pipe Joints: Specify restrained mechanical joints as
required in special areas (steep sloped areas, fill areas without sufficient
resistance to thrust) to ensure security of joints. Indicate locations of
restrained joints on the drawings. Fittings that provide joint thrust restraint
and/or joint rotation shall bee provided as required, PEBA IRON, AMegalug@
or AFlextend@respectively.

7.9.1.9 Cut-Off Walls: Cut-off walls per RSD S-10 shall be used as required for
piping on steep slopes. Provide vertical thrust restraint and/or joint rotation
fittings, i.e., for subsidence allowance as required.

7.9.1.10. Use of 45-Degree Elbow fittings: To reduce the potential for stoppages where
a 90-degree change of direction in the force main is required, show and
specify two 45-degree elbows or a horizontal curve instead of a 90-degree
elbow.

7.9.1.11 Force Main Drains: (Special Station Requirement): If low points exist in
the force main, install valved drains at these points to allow localized draining
of the force main to suitable locations to facilitate repairs.

7.9.1.12 Force Main Separation and Pipe Joint Stagger: Construct the dual force
mains in separate trenches with a minimum 5 feet separation between their
outer surfaces. Plans should contain a notation for staggering the pipe joints
to lessen potential undermining if a leak occurs in either force main.

7.9.1.13 Use of Combination Air Valves: Where at all possible, force mains shall be
designed with a continuous uphill slope without high points so that air-release
valves are not required on the force main. If the force main cannot be
designed this way, provide two (2) redundant air-release valves at high points
where there are siphons or at discontinuities in grade. Combination air-release
valves (i.e., two body valves to allow air release during filling, air release for
trapped air under pressure, and air entry (vacuum relief) during pipe
emptying,) shall be installed inside a vault to allow access to the valves for
maintenance. All piping and valve appurtenances within the vault shall be
Type 316 stainless steel. Discharge from the air vent shall be piped to the
nearest sewer manhole. If a manhole is not located within suitable distance,
install a separate vault with activated charcoal canister for odor control of the
air valve discharge.

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
7.9.2 ISOLATION VALVES AND EMERGENCY PUMPING CONNECTION

7.9.2.1 Solid Wedge Type Valves: For buried applications, provide "solid wedge"
type gate valves for sewage applications with the following features: type 316
stainless steel stem, gate, and seat inserts, stainless steel fasteners in wetted
areas, and fusion bond epoxy on all ferrous parts. Valves shall be designed for
buried service with water tight bonnet and buried service gear operator.

7.9.2.2. Isolation Valve Location: Install isolation valves inside the station fenced- in
area. Where difficult soil conditions exist or where valves may not be easily
accessible, install the valves in a vault for easy access. Isolation valves shall
be installed on each force main both inside the dry well (located near the wall
penetration) and outside the station within the fenced- in area (located
upstream of the emergency pump connections).

7.9.2.3 Force Main Drain Lines: Install valved drain lines on each discharge line
manifold in the pump room for draining each force main individually back
into the wet well (use during maintenance to repair leaks in one force main
while operating the second force main).

7.9.2.4 Emergency Pumping Connections: An emergency pump discharge
connection shall be built into both force mains. This assembly shall be
designed as follows: locate a "wye" fitting on each force main downstream of
the flex couplings and force main isolation valve. Extend the side outlet of
the wye to an isolation valve and blind flange in a service box vault (use Type
316 stainless steel bolting for corrosion resistance). Size each service box
large enough for connections of large diameter flexible discharge hoses from
emergency pumps. Orient the blind flange at 45 degrees up from horizontal
for ease of connecting hoses in the service box vault. During emergencies
which require draining the force main or bypassing the station pumps, a
portable pump will be connected to this assembly. The minimum allowable
diameter size for the connection is 6 inches. (Note: this emergency
connection can also be used as a cleanout.)

7.9.2.5 Valving Diagram: Specify a wall mounted plastic laminated diagram in the
station that shows the location(s) of the dual force mains and the force main
valving on the site. This sign shall also note the maintenance schedule for
exercising and testing the force main isolation valves.

7.9.3) DISCHARGE MANHOLE

7.9.3.1 Discharge Manhole: The force main will typically discharge into a separate
manhole (PVC lined) with gravity discharge into the trunk sewer. Install
offset fittings and/or long radius elbows as required in order to enter the
manhole at the required height and in the direction of flow in the trunk sewer.
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
7.9.3.2 Discharge Level to Manhole: If the force main discharges directly into a
trunk sewer, the force main discharge shall be above the flow line of the
gravity sewer and in the direction of flow in the trunk sewer (to prevent back
flooding into the wet well with leaking check valves).

7.9.4 ODOR CONTROL

7.9.4.1 Chemical Odor Control: Long force mains with excessive detention times
can create odor problems in downstream discharge sewers. If required due to
downstream sewer conditions, provide an odor control system which can
include chemical injection into the wet well such as calcium nitrate or other
approved chemicals.

7.9.4.2 Dedicated Gravity Discharge: (Special Station Requirement): In some
cases, a dedicated force main gravity discharge line to a trunk sewer may be
required to prevent odors on existing gravity mains and laterals.
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
SECTION 7.10 STATION BUILDING AND SITE REQUIREMENTS

7.10.1 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

7.10.1.1 Reinforced Concrete: Specify a shrinkage control concrete mix suitable for
wastewater storage structures. The concrete shall include a retarding-densifier
admixture for increased flexural strength and shrinkage control (as outlined in
ASTM C 157). Structural concrete shall typically have a minimum 28-day
compressive strength of 4,000 psi. Specify concrete mix with low specific
conductivity (sulfate and chloride concentrations) to minimize the potential
for reinforcing bar corrosion.

7.10.1.2 Structure Waterproofing and Moisture Barriers : Specify waterproofing on
the outside buried walls of the station structure. The following methods of
water proofing are acceptable: coal tar epoxy coating, bituminous sheeting,
polyethylene membrane, polypropylene bentonite or crystalline cementitious
chemical treatment. A plastic vapor barrier shall be installed under the pump
station and special care shall be taken during construction to avoid puncturing
the barrier.

7.10.1.3 Wall Penetrations: Seals at piping and conduit wall penetrations into the
station shall be designed with non-shrink grout (with water stops) if below
grade, or mechanical rubber seals if above grade, and be water pressure tight.

7.10.1.4 Concrete Form Taper Ties: Concrete form taper ties shall be provided with
integral water stops and, after removal of forms, shall be grouted water tight
with epoxy grout.

7.10.1.5 Waterstops: Specify waterstops at all cold concrete construction joints.
Waterstops shall be provided as specified in MWWD=s Clean Water Program
Guidelines, Specification Section 03290.

7.10.1.6 Prohibition of Package Plant Type Facilities: All new pumping stations
shall be constructed in reinforced concrete with separate wet well and dry well
type layout. Package plant type installations, such as used in buried fiberglass
reinforced polyester (FRP) enclosure or steel enclosure are prohibited.

7.10.2 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

7.10.2.1 Typical Construction: The typical pump station shall be cement mortar brick
construction with tile type roof. Facility architecture shall be compatible with
local planning standards.

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
7.10.3 BUILDING FEATURES

7.10.3.1 Intrusion Security: Provide an alarm against unauthorized entry to the pump
station (refer to the Telemetry Section). An external monitoring camera may
be required at the discretion of the MWWD.

7.10.3.2 Outside Door Fittings and Locks: All outside doors and frames shall be
corrosion and vandal resistant, with stainless steel security fittings and locks.
Specify locks with interchangeable Type 316 stainless steel cylinders that can
be keyed to the City standard locks manufactured by Best, Inc., or to the
SDG&E standard lock as required. The Contractor shall be directed to contact
the City for requirements to install City standard locks and cylinders. Specify
that all keys be stamped ADo Not Duplicate@, and specify provision of five (5)
complete sets of all required station keys. Station door locks shall allow
securing the door from the inside to provide security for personnel while
working inside.

7.10.3.3 Bulletin Board and Reference Shelf: Specify that the Contractor shall
install in the pump room a 3 feet x 4 feet bulletin board for posting operating
information, and an adjacent shelf to hold Operations and Maintenance
Reference data.

7.10.3.4 Building Lighting: Outside building lighting shall be provided at the station
door.

7.10.3.5 Site Lighting: Provide outside site lighting with photocell and manual on/off
control.

7.10.4 SITE, ACCESS, AND PAVING

7.10.4.1 Fee Title Property: The City shall be granted Fee Title ownership of all sites.

7.10.4.2 Site Paving: Vehicular access roads to pump stations shall be paved and a
minimum of 24 feet wide at a 15 percent maximum slope. Pave station areas
to the maximum extent in order to reduce landscape requirements. All site
paving shall be designed for DOT H-20 loading.

7.10.4.3 Site Fencing and Walls: The pump station site shall be enclosed by a fence.
Typically provide a six- foot high PVC-coated chain link fence around the site,
with webbing as required by the City of San Diego Standard Drawing SDM-
112. Alternately, if required by area architectural requirements, design a site
wall.

7.10.4.4 Gates: All sites shall be provided with a City locked gate. No private gates are
permitted across access roads.
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7.10.4.5 Positioning Maintenance Vehicles: Access at the station shall allow
positioning a crane truck of the size required for removal of station
equipment. Access shall also be provided for the positioning of a vactor truck
to clean the wet well, where manual cleaning is required. The site shall also
include sufficient parking and turnaround space for two 1-ton maintenance
trucks. Truck access shall be provided at the locations of the emergency
discharge connections and all cleanouts.

7.10.4.6 Vehicle Turnaround Radius: For the largest maintenance trucks, provide a
minimum turning diameter of 100 feet for accessing the site.

7.10.4.7 Parking over Wet Well Pipe Connections: Locating truck access over the
inlet and discharge piping penetrations into the station shall be avoided to
eliminate pipe shear loadings at these locations.

7.10.4.8 Flood Plain Elevation: Pump station pad elevations shall be designed to be a
minimum of 2 feet above the 100-year flood elevation. Flood plain
information shall be indicated on the design drawings.

7.10.5 WATER METER AND BACKFLOW PROTECTION

7.10.5.1 Water Meter Costs and Backflow Protection Device: A drawing note and
project specifications shall require the Contractor to obtain the water meter
permit for a 2- inch meter and reduced pressure (RP) backflow prevention
device, and pay all installation costs for the meter to be installed by the City.
The 2- inch RP can be installed by the Contractor utilizing RP devices listed on
the Water Department=s Approved Materials List. (Note: Due to capacity
charges for new meters, this meter connection now costs approximately
$15,000. This cost shall be listed in the construction bid as a line item
cost.

7.10.5.2 Water Meter Ownership: Also, specify that the water meter shall be in the
name of the Contractor and that all meter service charges shall be paid by the
Contractor until the service is transferred to Wastewater Collection Division at
the time the Facility is accepted by the City.

7.10.5.3 Hose Bibb and Backflow Protection: Design a 2- inch fire hose bib outside
adjacent to the wet well. The connection to the hose bib shall be separately
protected with a 2-inch reduced pressure backflow device if a bathroom or
emergency eyewash is installed at the building (see subsections 7.10.5.4 and
7.10.5.5). Locate parking posts around the hose bib and backflow protection
device to protect against traffic.

7.10.5.4 Emergency Eyewash (Special Station Requirement): Where odor control
installations with hazardous chemicals are included, provide an emergency
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eyewash/shower station (for accidental chemical burns that may occur during
maintenance).

7.10.5.5 Restroom (Special Station Requirement): If the station includes a restroom
facility, a second 2- inch reduced pressure backflow device shall be provided at
the hose bib located next to the wet well. This second RP device shall protect
the upstream connection to the restroom from potential contamination from
the hose bib. Locate parking posts as required around the hose bib and RP to
protect from traffic.

7.10.6. LANDSCAPING

7.10.6.1 City Standard: All pump stations shall be landscaped in compliance with the
City of San Diego Landscape Technical Manual in a manner acceptable to
MWWD and the community concerned. The landscaping shall be similar to
the adjacent area. In addition, the landscaping shall be of drought tolerant
species, that grow easily in a low maintenance environment, i.e., grow to a
plant of suitable natural size and shape without pruning, and are disease and
insect resistant. The irrigation and landscaping shall be designed in
accordance with City of San Diego Landscape Technical Manual utilizing
materials on the Park and Recreation Department=s Approved List and shall
comply with the City of San Diego Standard Drawings, the Standard
Specifications for Public Works Construction (SSPWC, also known as The
GREENBOOK), and its Regional and City of San Diego Supplement
Amendments including the Clean Water Program Supplement Amendments to
The GREENBOOK.

7.10.6.2 Xeriscaping: Landscaped areas in the pump station shall have low
maintenance, drought resistant, low irrigation "xeriscaping" type landscaping.
Above grade piping shall be PVC.

7.10.6.3 Backflow Protection on Irrigation Piping: The irrigation system piping
connection shall be protected by a separate 1- inch reduced pressure backflow
assembly (i.e., additional to the 2- inch RP backflow protection device at the
station water meter).
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SECTION 7.11 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL
TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

7.11.1 GENERAL

The DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide appropriate information in the
Design Plans and Specifications to describe the following requirements:

7.11.2 COORDINATION OF NEW CONSTRUCTION WITH EXISTING
STATION OPERATION

7.11.2.1 Salvage Note on Drawings: The Contractor shall remove equipment to be
salvaged and deliver to location specified by the owner. The Contractor shall
list the items to be salvaged when determined by the City.

7.11.2.2 Temporary Bypass Pumping (Special Station Requirement):The
Contractor shall install and operate a temporary bypass pumping system as
required to maintain pumping operations at existing facilities during
construction of the new station. This system shall include an automated
telemetry system to dial out to the Contractor for repair response and also to
the City in the event of failure conditions.

7.11.2.3 Sequence of Construction: Where bypass pumping of the existing station
and/or for tie- in connection of new facilities is required, the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall provide a general recommended sequence of construction
on the plans and in the General Provisions to describe the required
construction sequence including bypass pumping.

7.11.3 FACILITY TESTING

7.11.3.1 General Requirements: The following describes the general responsibilities
of the Design Consultant and the Contractor:

7.11.3.1.1 DESIGN ENGINEER Responsibilities: The DESIGN ENGINEER shall
prepare specification section 01660 describing facility testing requirements as
discussed below. This Specification will describe the phases of testing and
requirements of the Contractor in accomplishing this testing, and maintaining
required test records and documentation. This description shall include a
detailed listing in tabular form of all the specific test procedures to be
accomplished by the Contractor for each phase of the test sequence. Section
01660 shall include a schedule of operational tests that will demonstrate the
proper operation of all equipment at the station. The proper operation of all
pump station mechanical equipment, electrical controls, emergency power
operations and control warning displays shall be demonstrated by the
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Contractor. Simulated failure conditions shall be initiated as required to
demonstrate proper warning displays.

7.11.3.1.2 Contractor Responsibilities: The Contractor shall implement the
requirements of specification Section 01660, including demonstration and
testing of all equipment as described in the operational test procedures,
preparation and completion of required equipment test report forms, test
procedures verification checklists, and other documentation to be provided by
the Contractor.

7.11.3.1.3 AMaster Test Plan@: Based on the section 1660 requirements, the Contractor
shall prepare a AMaster Test Plan@for approval by the City prior to the start of
testing. This plan shall be a bound, step by step compilation of the specific
tests to be performed in the facility test sequence, and the sample forms to be
submitted documenting the results of the tests and test information. During
the step-by-step testing, these forms will require signing off by the City
representative prior to continuation of the test sequence. No test sequence
shall commence or continue until all preceding tests have been successfully
completed and signed-off by the City.

7.11.3.1.4 Contractor Test Coordinator: The Contractor shall designate a Test
Coordinator responsible for accomplishing the required testing. All testing
work shall be accomplished by a skilled team of specialists under the direction
of the Test Coordinator.

7.11.3.1.5 Scheduling of Facility Test Sequence: The Contractor shall schedule and
coordinate all phases of the facility test sequence and demonstrations with
City representatives.

7.11.3.1.6 Testing Costs: The DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide a general note in the
design documents specifying that the Contractor is responsible for all costs
including power, fuel, potable water, testing/training specialists, and other
testing costs associated with the facility test sequence until such time that the
station is accepted by the City.

7.11.3.1.7 Coordination with Other Specification Sections : Section 01660 shall be a
compilation of all facility and equipment testing requirements. It shall be
coordinated with specific equipment testing requirements specified in Part 3
of the equipment specification sections.

7.11.3.2 Summary of Master Test Plan: Section 1660 of the project specifications
shall describe the requirements of the facility test sequence. This shall
incorporate the following sequential testing phases:

7.11.3.2.1 Factory Testing: This shall include testing and reports on the following major
equipment and other equipment as required: pumps (certified pump test
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curves), motors, switchgear, emergency generators, motors, drive shaft units,
and variable frequency drive units.

7.11.3.2.2 Functional Checkouts and Installation Certification: After all construction
is completed, the Contractor shall submit a completed AManufacturer=s
Installation Certification@form for each major equipment item certifying by
the manufacturer=s authorized representative that the equipment has been
properly installed, aligned, and functionally checked out and is ready for pre-
operational and start-up testing. Certification forms shall be submitted for all
pumps, motors, extended drive shafts, variable speed drives, emergency
generators, electrical switchgear, HVAC equipment, and odor control fans.
Documentation demonstrating proper installation of any natural gas or diesel
fuel system also shall be submitted. Forms demonstrating successful testing
of the switchgear, motor control center, conductor installation, grounding
system resistance, control system loops, circuit breakers and motor starters
also shall be submitted.

7.11.3.2.3 Pre-Operational and Start-Up Testing: This shall include testing and reports
on the following and other equipment as required: switchgear and MCC, VFD
unit (including testing for harmonic distortion), control system operation,
pumping units (including vibration testing on installed pump/motor/drive shaft
unit to ensure no unusual vibration/harmonics within Hydraulic Institute
limits), piping pressure and leakage testing, gate valves, ventilation system,
equipment noise testing, generator run test (four hours under full load utilizing
a portable load resistance bank), equipment hoists (OSHA Certification), and
hazardous gas detection system. Failure conditions shall be simulated as
required to demonstrate proper control operations, warning displays and
SCADA system communications. This testing may utilize potable water
recycled to the wet well for pumping demonstration.

7.11.3.2.4 HVAC Testing: The station vent ilation systems shall be tested and acceptable
certified performance test results shall be submitted prior to acceptance of the
station.

7.11.3.2.5 Operational Test Procedure: After the Contractor has completed the pre-
operational testing utilizing potable water (to be re-circulated to the wet well)
for preliminary mechanical and electrical/control equipment operation, and
submitted the equipment certifications described above, the operational testing
shall be scheduled. This shall demonstrate pump station operation on
automatic control without equipment or control failure and with sewage tie- in.
The pump station mechanical equipment, electrical/control systems, and
emergency power equipment shall operate without failure during the
operational test. This testing period shall consist of an 8-hour first test
followed by a 5-day operational test.

7.11.3.2.6 Commissioning: After all the operational testing and required Master Test
Plan documentation is completed and approved by the City, the Contractor
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shall make final adjustments to all equipment to ensure proper operation. The
City will then accept operational responsibility of the facility. Following
completion of all punch list items per Field Engineering inspection, facility
acceptance by the City and filing of Notice of Completion can be initiated
(refer below).

7.11.4 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

7.11.4.1 Number of Copies: Provide six copies of the O & M manual to the City. All
required information shall be provided in a bound manual.

7.11.4.2 Warranty Address: Ensure that the City Work Order Number and the
name/address of the pump station is noted on the manuals.

7.11.4.3 O&M Contents: The project specifications shall require the Contractor to
include the following information in the O & M manual:

7.11.4.3.1 Consolidated Summary: Consolidated summary of required routine
scheduled maintenance for all station equipment shall be provided along with
references to the location within the manual where detailed information may
be found (provided by the Contractor).

7.11.4.3.2 Automatic Controls Summary: Summary description of operation of station
automatic controls (provided by the DESIGN ENGINEER) as incorporated in
project specifications under "controls".

7.11.4.3.3 As-Built Drawings of Electrical/Controls: "As-built" drawings of electrical
controls and all electrical equipment interconnection diagrams (the DESIGN
ENGINEER shall review/check for accuracy the Contractor submitted
electrical/control system as-built drawings and diagrams).

7.11.4.3.4 Manufacturers Certificates: Installed equipment manufacturers=
certifications.

7.11.4.3.5 Equipment Specifications and Detailed O&M Information: Equipment
specifications and detailed maintenance and operation information on all
equipment installed in the station (provided by the Contractor).

7.11.4.3.6 Warranty Forms: Warranty forms and information provided by the
Contractor.

7.11.4.3.7 Table of Contents: Table of Contents of material found in O & M manual.

7.11.4.3.8 Certified Pump Test Curves: A factory certified pump test curve for the
actual pumping units (including motors) installed at the station.

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7.11.5 FACILITY ACCEPTANCE BY THE CITY

7.11.5.1 Recommendation for Acceptance by Owner: After completion of the
operational testing and commissioning, the substantial completion of all
inspection correction list items as required by Field Engineering inspection,
and receipt of all required submittals including the O & M Manuals, the
Wastewater Collection Division will submit a written memorandum via the
Project Manager to the CONSTRUCTION MANAGER recommending that
the City issue a Notice of Completion for the station.

7.11.5.2 Acceptance of Operational Responsibility: Following commissioning of the
facility, Wastewater Collection Division will accept operational responsibility
for the station.

7.11.5.3 Transfer of Utility Billings: The Contractor shall submit the SDG&E utility
billing and other utility billings to Wastewater Collection Division in order to
transfer billings to the City. The effective date of the transfer shall be the date
of the memorandum from Wastewater Collection Division recommending
acceptance. The DESIGN ENGINEER shall provide a general note in the
design drawings discussing this timing for transfer of utility billings.

7.11.5.4 Start of Warranty: Equipment warranty dates shall also commence on the
date of the memorandum recommending acceptance in subsection 7.11.5.3.

7.11.6 WARRANTY

7.11.6.1 Requirements: The Contract Document shall require the following:

7.11.6.1.1 One-Year Warranty (for overall facility): The facility improvements overall
will have a one- year full parts and service warranty period.

7.11.6.1.2 Two-Year Warranty (for Major Equipment): Major equipment including
motors, wastewater pumps, VFD units (if installed) and the emergency
generator shall be provided with a two- year manufacturers warranty.

7.11.6.1.3 Extended Warranty: Should a facility be constructed by a private
development, and not require to be immediately placed in service due to the
lack of subdivision occupancy, the facility overall one-year warranty period
shall commence when substantial occupancy occurs. Until that time, after
commissioning the City shall regularly inspect and maintain the facility.
However, the Developer shall be responsible for repair of any vandalism, and
warranty repairs until the end of the extended warranty period.

7.11.6.1.4 Warranty Service: The Contractor and/or equipment vendor (manufacturers
warranty) shall commence all required warranty repairs within 24 hours of
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notification by the City. Vendors for all major critical equipment (pumps,
motors, motor control centers, VFD=s, control panels, hazard warning systems,
emergency generators, automatic transfer switches) shall have the capability
of arriving on site with equipment and personnel for emergency repairs within
four hours of notification by the City.

7.11.6.1.5 Warranty Ownership: Manufacturers warranty documentation shall name
both the Contractor and the City of San Diego as the holder of the Warranty.

7.11.7 FACILITY TRAINING

The Contractor shall provide by factory trained representatives a minimum of
16 hours training of City personnel in the operation of the station. This
training shall emphasize theory of operation and maintenance of electrical
controls, pumps, motors, generators, and other major equipment. This
training can occur in conjunction with the facility test sequence as appropriate.

97.11.8 KEYING SYSTEM

7.11.8.1 City Standard Locks: Following City acceptance, The Contractor shall key
facility locks with the City standard SPA-1 lock manufactured by Best Inc.
Also, the SDG&E standard lock as required.

7.11.8.2 Number of Key Sets: The Contractor shall provide FIVE (5) sets of keys to
all locked doors, enclosures, and equipment in the station at acceptance of the
station by the City.
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Index 1 October 2004
INDEX
A
Abandonment, 2.6.5.1, 3.3.2, 5.2, 5.3
Access, vehicular, see Vehicular Access
Access Hatches for Pump Stations, 7.7.1.4, 7.7.1.11, 7.7.2.5, 7.8.8
ACCESS ROADS, 1.2.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.4, 2.8.9
Dead end, 3.2.3.1
In open space, 3.2.3.2
In parklands, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.3.3
In residential side yards, 3.2.3.4
Non-contiguous, 3.2.1.3
Pump station, 7.10.4.2
Requirements, 3.2.3, 3.2.3.1
AGREEMENT,
Abandonment, 5.2, 5.3
EMRA, 2.5.1, 2.5.3, 2.5.13.1, 2.7.4, 2.8.13, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 4.2.1
Franchise, 1.4.3
Private pump station, 1.5.2
Air Release valves, 7.4.7, 7.9.1.13
Alignment of Sewers, 2.2.5
Alleys, 1.2.1.3, 2.2.5.7
Alternate backup power for Pump Stations, 7.5.5

B
Backwater Devices, 2.5.2
Bedding, 2.4, 2.5.8
BRIDGES, Chapter 4
Access vaults in, 4.3.1.8
Casings in, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.1.8, 4.4.2, 4.4.4.3, 4.6
Closed cell (box girder), 4.3.1.5, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.4.2
Design of mains in, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.1.3, 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.6
Differential movement, 4.3.4, 4.4.4.3,
Drainage in, 4.2.2
Force main isolation valves in, 4.3.1.7
Future expansion in, 4.3.1.4
Joints in, 4.4.3, 4.4.4, see also JOINTS
Pipeline locations, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.2
Manhole requirements in, 4.3.1.6
Open girder, 4.3.3
Permits, 4.2
Pipe supports in, 4.5
Slab type, 4.3.2
Sleeves in, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.1.8, 4.4.2, 4.6
Spare pipe in, 4.3.1.5
Unauthorized access to pipes in, 4.6
Building and Site Requirements for Pump Stations, Chapter 7, Section 7.10, 7.10.1, 7.10.2,
7.10.3, 7.10.4
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October 2004 2 Index
Bypass Pumping (temporary) for Pump Stations, 7.11.2.2, 7.11.2.3

C
CALCULATIONS,
Critical speed, 7.2.4
Deflection, 2.2.3.3, 3.3.2
Design, 2.9, 3.2.2.8, 4.3.1.3, 4.3.4
Differential movement, 4.3.4
Flow, 1.3.2.2
Hydraulic, 1.3.2.2, 2.2.4
Hydraulic losses, 7.2.3.4
Invert drop, 2.3.6.1, 2.3.6.2, 2.3.6.3
Loading, 2.2.3.3, 2.5.4, 3.3.2, 4.3.4
Minimum inflow, 7.2.6.4
Net positive suction head available (NPSHA), 7.2.3.6
Pump, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.7
Pumping capacity, 7.2.2.1
Standing wave, 2.3.3
Structural (for manholes), 2.3.10
Surge pressure, 7.2.5
Wet well, 7.2.6
CALTRANS encroachment permit, 4.2.2
Canyon Sewers, 1.2.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.1.4, 2.2.5, 2.3.5.4, 7.2.2, 7.7.5.3
Capacity, 1.3.1.1, 1.5.1, 1.7.2, 7.2.8.1
Casing, 2.2.1.4, 3.3.2, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.1.8, 4.4.2, 4.4.4.3, 4.6
Cathodic Protection, 4.4.5, 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.5, 6.6.1, 6.6.2
CC&R, 2.5.13.3, 2.7.5, 2.8.16, 7.1.1.7
Check List, quality control, 2.8, 1.3.4
Check Valves, 7.2.5.3.5, 7.4.2
City Clerk, 3.4.2.1
Cleanout, 2.5.3, 2.5.5, 2.6.4, 2.8.24, 7.7.5.3, 7.9.2.4, 7.10.4.5
Coating and Lining, 4.4.1.1, 6.2, 6.7, 7.4.9.1
Coating Selection Guide, 6.2.1, 6.7, Table 6-2
Coating, valves, 6.8.3, Table 6-6
Color Identification Scheme for Piping and Equipment in Pump Stations, 7.7.4
Concrete Anchors, 2.2.8, Table 2-1
Concrete Encasement, 1.4.2.3, 2.2.1.4, 2.4.3.1, 2.5.4, 6.2.9
CONNECTIONS,
Lateral, 2.2.1.5, 2.5.5, 2.5.10, see also LATERIALS
Lateral, to trunk sewer, 2.2.3.2, 2.5.11
Odorless, 2.2.3.2, 2.5.11.2
Constant Speed Pumps, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.6.4
Construction Management of Pump Stations, 7.11, 7.11.2
Cooling Systems in Pump Stations, 7.6.7
CORROSION CONTROL, 2.2.1.6, 6.1
Aluminum, 6.2.4, Table 6-1, Table 6-3, 7.7.1.2
Concrete, 6.2.1, Table 6-2
Copper and brass, 6.2.5
Ductile iron, 2.2.1.6, 2.6.3, 4.4.1.1, 4.4.5, 6.2.3, Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-3
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Ferrous pipelines, 6.3.1, Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-3
Fiberglass, 6.2.8
Lining selection guide, Table 6-3
Material selection, 6.1, 6.2, 6.7, Table 6-1
Monitoring, 6.4, 6.5
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 6.2.7
Pre-design surveys, 6.3.1
Pump stations, 6.3.1, 7.5.6.2, 7.8.5, 7.9.1.6
Soil resistivity, 6.3.1, Table 6-4
Stainless steel, 6.2.6
Steel, 6.2.2, 6.4, Table 6-5
Stray currents, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
Testing, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.6.1, 6.6.2
Vitrified clay pipe, 6.2.9
Council Policy 400-13, 1.2.3, 1.3.1.4, 3.2.3.5
Council Policy 400-14, 1.2.3, 1.3.1.4
Council Policy 600-4, 1.3.3.4, 3.2.2.1
Council Policy 700-18, 3.3.1
County Administration Building, 3.4.2.3
County Recorder, 3.4, 3.4.2.3, 5.2
Cover, 2.2.1.5
Crossing, skew, 2.2.6
CURVATURE, 2.2.9
Horizontal, 2.2.9.3
In flexible pipes, 2.2.9.2
In rigid pipes, 2.2.9.1
In Vitrified Clay Pipe, 2.2.9.1
Minimum radius of, 2.2.9.2
Vertical, 2.2.9.4
Curves, vertical, 1.3.3.1, 2.2.4, 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.5, 2.2.9.4
Cut-off Walls, 2.2.8, 7.9.1.9

D
Dead-End Sewers, 2.2.1.7, 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.6
d
n
/D, 1.3.3.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.7
DEFLECTION,
For shallow pipes, 1.4.2.1, 2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.3, 2.2.1.6
Joint, 2.2.9.1, 2.2.9.2, Table 2-3
Longitudinal, 4.3.4
in PVC pipe, 2.2.1.2
Dehumidifier in Pump Stations, 7.6.6
DEPTH,
Of dead-end mains, 2.2.1.7
Of flow, 1.3.3.3
Of laterals, 2.2.2.1, 2.5.4
Of mains, 1.3.1.3, 2.2.1.5, 2.2.1.6
Of manholes, 2.3.10
Of sewers greater than 15 feet, 2.2.2.3
Design Deviation, 1.3.1.3, 1.4.2.3, 2.2.1.5, 2.2.2.3, 2.2.3, 2.2.6, 3.2.2.2, 3.3.2, ATTACHMENT 2
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Direction, maximum change in, 2.2.2.2, 2.2.3.1, 7.9.1.10
Drainage Basin, 1.3.1.2
Drawings, Shop, 2.2.3.4, 2, 2.6.1, 2.6.3
Drive Shafts in Pump Stations, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.3, 7.11.3.2.2
Driveways, private, 2.2.5.7, 3.2.2.7, 2.3.1.4, 2.5.1
Dry Well, 7.3.1.6, 7.6.1.1, 7.7, 7.7.1
Ductile Iron Pipe, 2.2.1.4, 2.6.3, 4.3.1.5, 4.4.1.1, 4.4.4.5, 6.2.3, 7.4.3.1, 7.4.3.2, 7.9.1.3

E
EASEMENTS, Chapter 3, 3.1
Abandonment of, 5.1, 5.3
Access, 1.2.1.5, 2.8.9, 2.8.11, 3.2.1.3, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.3, 3.2.3.2, 3.2.3.3, 3.2.3.4, 3.2.3.5
Adjacent to slopes or walls, 3.2.2.8
Adjacent to structures, 3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.8
By grant deed, 3.4, 3.4.2, 3.4.2.3
By map, 3.4, 3.4.1
Fenced, 3.2.1.4
In areas of geotechnical concern, 3.2.2.9
In commercial property, 3.2.2.7
In open space, 3.2.2.5
In parklands, 3.2.2.6
In private streets, 3.2.2, 3.2.2.7
Laterals in, 2.5.12
Location of, 3.2.1, 3.2.1.2
Location of sewers in, 3.2.4, 3.2.4.1
Minimum, based on depth of sewer, 3.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, Table 3-1
Multiple-use, 3.2.2.4, 3.2.4.2
Private, 2.5.13.4, 3.2.4.4
Records search for, 3.4.2.3
Research for easements, 3.4
Easement width rounding, 3.2.2.10
Sewer, 1.2.1.5, 2.7.3, 3.11, 3.2
Structures adjacent to, 3.2.2.3
Structures encroaching in, 3.3.1, 3.3.2
Substandard easements, 3.1
Width requirements, 3.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.2.10, 3.2.4.2, Table 3-1
Electrical Controls and Instrumental, 7.5, 7.5.3, 7.7.6.1, 7.8.6
Emergency Storage, 7.2.6.7, 7.2.6.8, 7.2.7, 7.8.4
EMRA, 2.5.1, 2.5.3, 2.5.13, 2.7.4, 2.8.13, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 4.2.1
Encasement, 1.4.2.3, 2.2.1.4, 2.4.1, 3.2.3.4, 4.4.2, 6.2.9
Encroachments, 2.9, 3.1, 3.3, 3.3.1, 3.3.3
Environmental Constraints, 1.2.1.3, 1.2.3, 3.2.3.2
Equipment Clearances in Pump Stations, 7.3.4
Equipment Hoisting and Removal in Pump Stations, 7.7.2
Equivalent Populations, 1.3.2, 1.3.2.2
Existing Planning Studies, 1.3.1.4

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Sewer Design Guide
F
Facility Acceptance of Pump Stations, 7.11.5, 7.11.3.2.6
Facility Testing of Pump Stations, 7.11.3
Facility Training for Pump Stations, 7.11.7
Fee Title Ownership in Pump Stations, 7.10.4.1
Fittings in Pump Station Piping, 7.4.3, 7.4.5, 7.4.7.3
Flood Plains, 100 year, 2.2.1.3, 2.3.1.4, 1.3.4, 2.2.10, 3.2.3.2, 7.10.4.8
FLOW,
Calculation, 1.3.2.2, 1.5.2, Table 1-1
Estimation, 1.3.2, Table 1-1
Depth of, 1.3.3.3
Projected peak, 1.3.3.3
Flow line, 2.3.1
FORCE MAINS, 2.9, 7.8
Capacity of, 7.2.8.1
Coating and lining of, 6.8.2, Table 6-7
Discharge of, 7.9.3.1, 7.9.3.2
Drain lines for, 7.4.4, 7.9.1.11, 7.9.2.3
Dual, 7.9.1.1
Emergency discharge connection, 7.9.2, 7.9.2.4
General requirements, 7.9.1
Isolation valves in bridges, 4.3.1.7
Retention time in, 7.2.8.2
Separation of, 7.9.1.12
Freeboard, 2.3.3

G
Gas Detection and Monitoring in Pump Stations, 7.5.3.2, 7.7.3, 7.11.3.2.3
Gate, 3.2.1.4, 7.10.4.4
Geotechnical report, 2.1, 2.2.3.3
Grant Deed, 3.4, 3.4.2
GROUNDWATER, 2.3.5.3(e), 1.3.2.2, 1.4.1
Water table, 2.2.1.3, 2.3.5.4, 2.4.2
Waterproofing, 2.3.5.4, 7.10.1.2

H
HYDRAULIC JUMP, 2.2.4, 2.3.1.5, 2.3.5.3
Height of, 2.2.4
Requirements for, 1.3.3.1, 2.2.4
Hydrostatic Uplift, 2.2.1.3

I
Improvement Plans, 2.6, 2.7.1, see also PLANS
Infiltration, 1.3.2.2, 2.3.5.2, 1.3.3.1
Inlet Design for Pump Stations, 7.8.1
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Invert elevation, manhole, 2.3.1
Isolation Valves, 4.3.1.7, 7.4.1

J
JOINTS, 4.4.3, 4.4.4
At bridge transitions, 4.4.4.3
Ball and socket, 4.4.3.5, 4.4.4.3
Bevel, 2.2.9, 2.2.9.1(b), 2.2.9.3
Expansion, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.4, 4.4.4.1, 4.4.4.2, 4.4.4.3
Flanged, 4.4.3.1, 4.4.4.1, 7.4.3.5
For ductile iron pipe, 4.4.4.1
In pump stations, 7.4.3.5
Mechanical, 4.4.3.3, 4.4.4.1, 7.9.1.8
Pull, 2.2.9, 2.2.9.3
Push-on, 4.4.3.2, 4.4.3.4, 4.4.4.1
Restrained, 4.4.4.1, 7.9.1.8
Restrained push-on, 4.4.3.4
Riser, 2.3.5.2

K
Keys, 3.2.1.4, 7.10.3.2, 7.11.8

L
Land Use, 1.3.1, 1.3.2.1
Landscaping for Pump Stations, 7.10.6
LATERALS, 2.2.3.2, 2.5, 2.6.5.3
Allowable locations, 2.5.1, 2.5.10.1, Table 2-6
Allowable types, 2.5.10.2
Backwater devices, 2.5.2
Bedding of, 2.5.8
Cleanouts, 2.5.5
Common, 2.5.13.3
Connection of, 2.5.10
Connection to trunk sewers, 2.2.3.2, 2.5.10
Crossing lot lines, 2.5.13.4
Data table, 2.6.5.3
Deep-cut, 2.5.6
Depth requirements, 2.5.4
Easement, 2.5.12
Encroachment, 2.5.13, 2.5.13.1
Existing, 1.2.1.2, 2.5.1, 2.5.9
In driveways, 2.5.1
In new development, 2.5.7
In private streets, 3.2.4.3
Minimum depth of, 2.2.2.1, 2.5.4
Minimum slope of, 2.5.6
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Minimum spacing of, 2.5.1
On deep sewers, 2.2.1.5, 2.5.4
Pressure, 2.5.3
Private, 2.5.1, 2.5.3, 2.5.12, 2.5.13
Property line, 2.2.2.1, 2.5.4, 2.5.5
Relocation of, 1.2.1.2, 2.5.9
Replacement of, 2.5.9
Required rise of, 2.5.10.4
Size of, 2.5.10.3
Under pressure, 2.5.3
LENGTH,
Between manholes, 2.3.2, Table 2-4
Minimum for vertical curves, 2.2.9.4
LINING, 2.2.1.6, 2.3.5.1, 6.1, 6.8.5
Force main, 6.8.2, Table 6-7
Manholes, 2.3.5, 2.3.5.3, 6.2.1
Pump interior, 6.8.4
Wet wells, 6.8.5
Lining Selection Guide, Table 6-3
Load Factors, 2.4.3
LOADING, H-20, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, 3.2.3.3, 7.7.1.4, 7.10.4.2
On clay pipe, 2.4.3
On sewers, 2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.3, 2.2.3.3, 3.2.2.8, 4.3.4
Pavement, 3.2.3, 3.2.3.2, 3.2.3.3

M
MAINS,
15 & smaller in diameter, 1.3.3.3, 2.2.2, 3.2.2.1
18 & larger in diameter, 1.3.3.3, 2.2.3, 2.2.7, 2.3.5.3, 2.9, 3.2.2.1
Abandonment, 2.6.5.1, 5.2
Alignment, 1.2.1, 2.2.5, 3.2.1.1, 4.3.2
Bedding, 2.4
Bending of flexible pipes, 2.2.9.2
Capacity of, 1.3.1.1, 1.5.1, 1.7.1, 1.7.2, 7.2.8.1
Cover over, 2.2.1.5
Dead-end, 2.2.1.7, 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.6
Deeper than 15 feet, 2.2.2.3
Design of, 2.2, 3.2.1.1, 4.3.1
Ductile iron, 4.3.1.5, 4.4.1.1, 4.4.5, 6.2.3
Easement, 1.2.1.5, 3.2.4
Environment constraints on, 1.2.1.3, 1.2.3, 3.2.3.2
Excavation of, 3.2.2, 3.2.2.8, 3.2.2.9
Force, see FORCE MAINS
In bridges, Chapter 4, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, see also BRIDGES
Maximum change in direction, 2.2.2.2, 2.2.3.1
Maximum depth of, 1.3.1.3, 2.2.1.5
Minimum depth of, 2.2.2.1
Minimum size of, 1.3.3.4
Parallel, 1.4.2.2
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Private, 1.2.1.4
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.4, 2.5.4, 6.2.7
Profile, 2.2.7, 2.5.11, 2.6.2.1, 2.6.3, 2.8
Reinforced concrete, 6.2.1
Relocated, 1.2.1.2, 2.5.9, 3.3.2
Separation of, 1.4, ATTACHMENT 1
Shallow, 2.2.1.6
Sizing criteria, 1.3.3, 1.3.3.4
Steel, 2.2.1.6, 6.2.2, 6.4
Upgraded, 1.3.3.1
Vitrified clay, 1.3.3.1, 2.2.1.4, 2.2.9.1, 6.2.9
Maintenance Access Plan, 1.2.1.1
Major Trunk and Interceptor Sewers, Introduction
MANHOLES, 2.3
Abandonment of, 5.2
Access to, 2.3.1.1, 2.3.11, 3.1, 3.2.1.3
All pipes the same diameter, 2.3.6.1
At Street Intersections, 2.3.1.3
Bases, 2.3.5.1
Deep, 2.3.10
Discharge, 2.5.3, 7.9.3
Distance between, 2.3.2, Table 2-4
Drop, 2.3.1
Frames & covers, 2.3.4
Inspection of existing, 2.3.11
Invert drops across, 2.3.6, Table 2-5
Large diameter, 2.3.9
Lining & grouting, 2.3.5
Locking covers, 2.3.1.1
Maximum drop across, 2.3.7
Minimum drop across, 2.3.6
Minimum shelf elevation, 2.3.3
Minimum size, 2.3.8
Outboard shelf, 2.3.3
Outlet pipe larger than inlet, 2.3.6.2
Outlet pipe smaller than inlet, 2.3.6.2
Outside paved right-of-way, 2.3.1.1
Outside public right-of-way, 2.3.1.1
Prohibited locations, 2.3.1.4
PVC lined, 2.3.5.3, 2.5.3, 6.2.1
Required locations, 2.3.1.2, 2.5.3, 4.3.1.6
Invert elevations, 2.3.1
Riser joints, 2.3.5.2
Risers, 2.3.5.3
Rungs, 2.3.1
Side inlet, 2.3.6.1
Straight thru flow, 2.3.6.1, 2.3.6.1(b)
Mannings Coefficient, 1.3.3.1, 2.2.7
Mannings Formula, 1.3.3.1
Map Criteria, 1.3.4, 2.6.1
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Sewer Design Guide
Material Selection Guide (corrosion), Table 6-1
N
Noise Attenuation in Pump Stations, 7.6.3, 7.6.1.7

O
Odor Control in Pump Stations, 7.6.5, 7.8.7, 7.9.4
Odorless Connection, 2.2.3.2, 2.5.11.2, 7.1.1.7
Open Space, 3.2.2.5, 3.2.3.2
Operations and Maintenance Manual for Pump Stations, 7.11.4
Operational Testing of Pump Stations, 7.11, 7.11.3
OSHA Requirements, 3.2.2, 3.2.2.9
Outboard Shelf, 2.3.3

P
Parking for Pump Stations, 7.10.4.5, 7.10.4.7
Parklands, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.3.3
Peak dry weather flow, 1.3.2.2
Peak wet weather flow, 1.3.2.2
Peaking Factor, for dry weather flow, 1.3.2.2, 1.6
Peaking factor, for wet weather flow, 1.3.2.2
Pipes see MAINS
Piping in Pump Stations, 7.4.3
PLANNING STUDY, 1.3, 2.7.2, 7.1.1.7
Capacity, 1.3.1.1
Depth of mains, 1.3.1.3
Drainage basin, 1.3.1.2
Existing, 1.3.1.4
General requirements, 1.1, 1.3.1
Limits of, 1.3.1.2
PLANS,
Data tables, 2.6.5
For pipelines, 2.6.2.1
Legend items, 2.6.4
Notes on improvement plans, 2.6.3
Requirements, 2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.2.3, 2.9
Special facilities, 2.6.2.2, 2.9
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), 2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.4, 2.5.4, 6.2.7
Power Switchgear and Distribution, 7.5.2
Precedence of Sewer Facilities, 1.2.1.3
Pressure laterals, 2.5.3
Private Driveways, 2.2.5.7, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.4.3
Private Easements, 2.5.13.4, 3.2.4.4
Private Laterals, 2.5.1, 2.5.3, 2.5.12, 2.5.13
Private Streets, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.4.3
Profile of Sewers, 2.2.7, 2.5.11, 2.6.2.1, 2.6.3, 2.8
Property line, 2.5.5
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Pumping capacity, 7.2.2.1
PUMP STATIONS, Intro, 1.5, 6.8, Chapter 7
Access hatches, 7.7.1.4, 7.7.1.11, 7.7.2.5,

R
Radius of curvature, 2.2.9
Radius of horizontal curves, 2.2.9.3
Radius, for turns in access roads, 3.2.3.1
Radius, for vehicle turnaround, 7.10.4.6
Reclamation Plants, Introduction
Record search, for easements, 3.4.2.3
Reinforced concrete, pipes, wet wells, manholes, 6.2.1
Required Net Positive Suction Head (RNPSH), 7.6.3, 7.2.3.5, 7.2.3.6
Restrained joints, 4.4.4.1, 7.9.1.8
Restrained push-on joint, 4.4.3.4
Retention time, force main, 7.2.8.2
Rim elevation, manholes, 2.3.1
Riser, 2.3.5.3
Riser joint, manholes, 2.3.5.2
Roads, access, 2.3.1.1, 2.8.9, 3.2, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.5, 7.10.4.2
Rungs, manholes, 2.3.1

S
Separation, mains, 1.4
Separation, horizontal, 1.4.1
Separation, vertical, 1.4.2
Separation, for other utilities, 1.4.3
Sewer Notes, on improvement plans, 2.6.3
Sewers, dead-end, 2.2.1.7, 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.6
Sewers, laterals, 2.2.3.2, 2.5, 2.6.5.3
Sewer Planning Study, limits, 1.3.1
Shrubs, 2.2.10, 2.5.1, 2.8.14, 3.3.3
Sizing criteria, for pipes, 1.3.3.4
Sleeve or casing, for pipes, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.1.8, 4.4.2, 4.6.7
Slope, 1.3.3.1, 1.3.3.2, 2.5.6, 2.6.5.3, 3.2.3.2
Slope, lateral, 2.5.6
Slope, minimum for mains, 1.3.3
Soil Reports, 2.2.3.3
Soil resistivity, 6.6.1, Table 6-4
Spare pipes, 4.3.1.5
Special facilities, 2.6.2.2, 2.9
Standing, wave, 2.3.3
Steel pipes, 6.2.2, 6.4.8, Table 6-5
Stainless steel, 6.2.6
Straight through flow, 2.3.6.1
Stray currents, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
Structures, adjacent to easements, 3.2.2.3
Submittal requirements, for planning and design, 2.7
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Sewer Design Guide
Surge pressure, 7.2.5
T
Testing, 6.3.1, 6.4, 6.6, 6.6.1, 6.6.2
Trees, 2.5.1
Trench Detail, 2.2.3.5

V
Velocity, 1.3.3
Maximum, 1.3.3
Minimum, 1.3.3

W
Wastewater Treatment, Introduction
Warranty, 7.11.4.2, 7.11.4.3.6, 7.11.5.4, 7.11.6
Waterproofing, 2.3.5.2, 2.3.5.4
Water table, 2.2.1.3, 2.3.5.4
Wet Well, 6.2.1, 6.8.5, 7.2.6+

Y
Y Fitting, 2.5.10., 2.5.10.2, 2.5.10.3

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
ATTACHMENT 1 1 October 2004
ATTACHMENT 1

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

CRITERIA FOR THE SEPARATION

OF WATER MAINS AND SANITARY SEWERS

A. PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS

Waterborne disease outbreaks attributed to the entry of sewage-contaminated
groundwater into the distribution systems of public water supplies continue to be
a problem in the United States. A community with its buried water mains in close
proximity to sanitary sewers is vulnerable to waterborne disease outbreaks.

Sanitary sewers frequently leak and saturate the surrounding soil with sewage.
This is caused primarily by structural failure of the sewer line, improperly
constructed joints, and subsidence or upheaval of the soil encasing the conduit. A
serious public health hazard exists when the water mains are depressurized and no
pressure or negative pressure occurs. The hazard is further compounded when, in
the course of installing or repairing a water main, existing sewer lines are broken.
Sewage spills into the excavation and, hence, enters into the water main itself.
Additionally, if a water main fails in close proximity to a sewer line, the resultant
failure may disturb the bedding of the sewer line and cause it to fail. In the event
of an earthquake or man- made disaster, simultaneous failure of both conduits
often occurs.

The water supplier is responsible for the quality of the water delivered to
consumers and must take all practical steps to minimize the hazard of sewage
contamination to the public water supply. Protection of the quality of the water in
the public water system is best achieved by the barrier provided by the physical
separation of the water mains and sewer lines.

This document sets forth the construction criteria for the installation of water
mains and sewer lines to prevent contamination of the public water supplies from
nearby sanitary sewers.

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Sewer Design Guide
October 2004 2 ATTACHMENT 1
B. BASIC SEPARATION STANDARDS

The "California Waterworks Standards" sets forth the minimum separation for
water mains and sewer lines. These standards, contained in Section 64630, Title
22, California Administrative Code, specify:

1. Parallel Construction: The horizontal distance between pressure water
mains and sewer lines shall be at least 10 feet.

2. Perpendicular Construction (Crossing): Pressure water mains shall be at
least one (1) foot above sanitary sewer lines where these lines must cross.

3. Specified distances specified in (1) and (2) above shall be measured from
the nearest edges of the facilities.

4. Common Trench: Water mains and sewer lines must not be installed in the
same trench.

When water mains and sanitary sewers are not adequately separated, the potential
for contamination of the water supply increases. Therefore, when adequate
separation cannot be attained, an increase in the safety factor should be provided
by increasing the structural integrity of both the pipe materials and joints.

C. EXCEPTIONS TO BASIC SEPARATION STANDARDS

Local conditions, such as available space, limited slope, existing structures, etc.,
may create a situation where there is no alternative but to install water mains or
sewer lines at a distance less than that required by the Basic Separation Standards.
In such cases, alternative construction criteria as specified in Section E should be
followed, subject to the special provisions in Section D.

Water mains and sewers of 24-inches in diameter or greater may create special
hazards because of the large volumes of flow. Therefore, installations of water
mains and sewer lines 24-inches in diameter or larger should be reviewed and
approved by the health agency prior to construction.

D. SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. The Basic Separation Standards are applicable under normal conditions for
sewage collection lines and water distribution mains. More stringent
requirements may be necessary if conditions such as high groundwater
exist.

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Sewer Design Guide
2. Sewer lines shall not be installed within 25 feet horizontally of a low-head
(5 psi or less pressure) water main.

3. New water mains and sewers shall be pressure tested where the conduits
are located 10 feet apart or less.

4. In the installation of water mains or sewer lines, measures should be taken
to prevent or minimize disturbances of the existing line. Disturbance of
the supporting base of this line could eventually result in failure of this
existing pipeline.

5. Special consideration shall be given to the selection of pipe materials if
corrosive conditions are likely to exist. These conditions may be due to
soil type and/or the nature of the fluid conveyed in the conduit, such as a
septic sewage which produces corrosive hydrogen sulfide.

6. Sewer Force Mains

a. Sewer force mains shall not be installed within 10 feet
(horizontally) of a water main.

b. When a sewer force main must cross a water main, the crossing
should be as close as practical to the perpendicular. The sewer
force main should be at least one (1) foot below the water main.

c. When a new sewer force main crosses under an existing water
main, all portions of the sewer force main within 10 feet
(horizontally) of the water main shall be enclosed in a continuous
sleeve.

d. When a new water main crosses over an existing sewer force main,
the water main shall be constructed of pipe materials with a
minimum rated working pressure of 200 psi.

E. ALTERNATE CRITERIA FOR CONSTRUCTION

The construction criteria for sewer lines or water mains where the Basic
Separation Standards cannot be attained are shown in Drawings 1 and 2. There
are two situations encountered:

Case 1 - New sewer line - new or existing water main.

Case 2 - New water main - existing sewer line.

For Case 1, the alternate construction criteria apply to the sewer line.
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Sewer Design Guide
For Case 2, the alternate construction criteria may apply to either or both the
water main and sewer line.

The construction criteria should apply to the house laterals that cross above a
pressure water main but not to those house laterals that cross below a pressure
water main.

Case 1: New Sewer Being Installed (Drawings 1 and 2)

Zone Special Construction Required for Sewer

A Sewer lines parallel to water mains shall not be permitted in this zone
without approval from the responsible health agency and water
supplier.

B A sewer line placed parallel to a water line shall be constructed of:

1. Extra strength vitrified clay pipe with compression joints.

2. Class 4000, Type II, asbestos-cement pipe with rubber gasket
joints.

3. Plastic sewer pipe with rubber ring joints (per ASTM D3034) or
equivalent.

4. Cast or Ductile Iron pipe with compression joints.

5. Reinforced concrete pressure pipe with compression joints (per
AWWA C302-74).

C A sewer line crossing a water main shall be constructed of:

1. Ductile iron pipe with hot dip bituminous coating and mechanical
joints.

2. A continuous section of Class 200 (DR 14 per AWWA C900)
plastic pipe or equivalent, centered over pipe being crossed.

3. A continuous section of reinforced concrete pressure pipe (per
AWWA C302-74) centered over the pipe being crossed.

4. Any sewer pipe within a continuous sleeve.

D A sewer line crossing a water main shall be constructed of:

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
1. A continuous section of ductile iron pipe with hot dip bituminous
coating.

2. A continuous section of Class 200 (DR 14 per AWWA C900)
plastic pipe or equivalent, centered on the pipe being crossed.

3. A continuous section of reinforced concrete pressure pipe (per
AWWA C302-74), centered on the pipe being crossed.

4. Any sewer pipe in a continuous sleeve.

5. Any sewer pipe separated by a 10' X 10' X 4" reinforced concrete
slab.

Case 2: New Water Mains Being Installed (Drawings 1 & 2)

Zone Special Construction Required for Water

A No water mains parallel to sewers shall be constructed without
approval from the health agency.

B If the sewer paralleling the water main does not meet the Case 1, Zone
B requirements, the water main shall be constructed of:

1. Ductile iron pipe with hot dip bituminous coating.

2. Dipped and wrapped 3 - inch thick welded steel pipe.

3. Class 200, Type II asbestos-cement pressure pipe.

4. Class 200 pressure plastic water pipe (DR 14 per AWWA C900) or
equivalent.

5. Reinforced concrete pressure pipe, steel cylinder type (per AWWA
C300-74 or C301-79 or C303-70).

C If the sewer crossing the water main does not meet the Case 1, Zone C
requirements, the water main shall have no joints in Zone C and be
constructed of:



3. Class 200 pressure rated plastic water pipe (DR 14 per AWWA
C900) or equivalent.
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Sewer Design Guide
C300-74 or C301-79 or C303-70).

D If the sewer crossing the water main does not meet the requirements
for Zone D, Case 1, the water main shall have no joints within four
feet from either side of the sewer and shall be constructed of:



3. Class 200 pressure rated plastic water pipe (DR 14 per AWWA
C900)

C300-74 or C301-79 or C303-70).

F. NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

1. Health Agency: The Department of Health Services. For those water
systems supplying fewer than 200 service connections, the local health
officer shall act for the Department of Health Services.

2. Water Supplier: "Person operating a public water system" or "supplier of
water" means any person who owns or operates a public water system.

3. Low Head Water Main: Any water main which has a pressure of 5 psi or
less at any time at any point in the main.

4. Dimensions are from the outside edge of the water main to outside edge of
the sewer line or manhole.

5. Compression Joint: A push-on joint that seals by means of the
compression of a rubber ring or gasket between the pipe and a bell or
coupling.

6. Mechanical Joints: Bolted joints.

7. Rated Working Water Pressure or Pressure Class: A pipe classification
system based upon internal working pressure of the fluid in the pipe, type
of pipe material, and the thickness of the pipe wall.

8. Fused Joint: The joining of sections of pipe using thermal or chemical
bonding processes.

Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
9. Sleeve: A protective tube of steel with a wall thickness of not less than 3 -
inch into which a pipe is inserted.

10. Ground Water: Subsurface water found in the saturation zone.

11. House Lateral: A sewer line connecting the building drain and the main
sewer line.
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
ATTACHMENT 2

REQUEST FOR DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS

Note: ATTACHMENT 2 is a form entitled DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS. It is
available with Land Development Review Division of the Planning and
Development Review Department, City of San Diego.
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
ATTACHMENT 3

ELECTRICAL STANDARDIZED DESIGNS AND SPECIFICATIONS AND
STANDARD DRAWINGS

A-3.1 GENERAL

ATTACHMENT 3 does not contain any paper hard copies, however, the texts,
figures, drawings, and plans included in the following outline of
ATTACHMENT 3 are stored in computer electronic files for the benefit of the
DESIGN ENGINEER. Currently, the custodian of these electronic files is the
CADD Section of Engineering and Program Management Division, MWWD.
ATTACHMENT 3 is not at all exhaustive, it includes only electrical, controls,
and instrumentation standardized design for wastewater collection system pump
stations including plans, construction/installation specifications, and PLC
programming. These are generic in nature and the DESIGN ENGINEER shall
modify and edit them on a case-by-case basis to make them project specific. Other
disciplines will require design criteria and specifications beyond the contents of
ATTACHMENT 3. The DESIGN ENGINEER is referred to the 10-volume
Clean Water Program (CWP) Guidelines of MWWD which include, by reference,
the Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction (SSPWC, also known
as The GREENBOOK) and its Regional and City of San Diego Supplement
Amendments, plus local, state, and federal requirements, as well as industrial and
commercial codes, standards, and specifications. For requirements outside the
MWWD=s CWP Guidelines, the DESIGN ENGINEER shall be responsible to
provide and develop specifications from their own resources. On request, copies
of the electronic files referred to in ATTACHMENT 3 can be made available to
the DESIGN ENGINEER.

The computer electronic files for the following specification sections, standard
drawings, schematic flow charts, and SCADA flow diagrams are available with
the CADD Section of MWWD. They can be obtained on request.

A-3.2 ELECTRICAL STANDARDIZED DESIGNS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Section 16040 - Electric Motors
Section 16110 - Raceways, Fittings, and Supports
Section 16120 - Wire and Cable
Section 16130 - Junction and Device Boxes and Fittings
Section 16150 - Wiring Devices
Section 16155 - Motor Starters
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Section 16160 - Control Cabinets and Panel Devices
Section 16400 - Electrical Service Equipment
Section 16440 - Disconnect Switches and Fuses
Section 16450 - Grounding
Section 16460 - Dry Type Transformers
Section 16470 - Panelboards
Section 16480 - Motor Control Centers
Section 16500 - Lighting Fixtures
Section 16700 - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Gas
Detection and Intrusion Systems
Section 16900 - Controls and Instrumentation

A-3.3 STANDARD DRAWINGS (FIGURES 1 TO 30)

Figure SE-1 Typical Electrical Symbols and legends
Figure SE-2 Typical Electrical Symbols and legends
Figure SE-3 Site Plan and Notes
Figure SE-4 Typical Single Line Diagrams
Figure SE-5 Typical MCC Details, Light Fixture Schedule
Figure SE-6 Typical Conduit Schedules
Figure SE-7 Typical Roof Level Power and Lighting Plans
Figure SE-8 Typical Generator Room Level Power Plan
Figure SE-9 Typical Generator Room Level Lighting Plan
Figure SE-10 Typical Pump Room Level Power and Lighting Plan
Figure SE-11 Typical Panel Schedule and Details
Figure SE-12 Typical Miscellaneous Details
Figure SE-13 WWCD SCADA Project, Standard Sewer Pump Station, Pump
No.1 Control Schematic
No. 2 Control Schematic
No. 3 Control Schematic
Figure SE-16 WWCD SCADA Project Standard Sewer Pump Station, Pump
Control Schematic Power Distribution
Figure SE-17 WWCD SCADA Project, Standard Sewer Pump Station Pump
Control Schematic Pump No.1
Control Schematic Pump No.2
Control schematic Pump No.3
Control Schematic Gas/Generator Monitoring
Control Schematic Pump Alarms
Sewer Design Guide

Sewer Design Guide
Control Schematic Level Control Monitoring
Control Schematic Pump No. 1 PLC Discrete Inputs
Control Schematic Pump No. 2 PLC Discrete Inputs
Control Schematic Pump No.3 PLC Discrete Inputs
Control Schematic Gas Generator PLC Discrete Inputs
Control Schematic PLC Discrete Outputs
Control Schematic PLC Discrete Outputs
Control Panel outside Elevation
Control Panel inside Elevation

A-3.4 PUMP CONTROL SCHEMES FLOW CHARTS (FIGURES 1 TO 12)

Figure 1 Level Monitoring and Scaling
Figure 2 Initial Pump Calls
Figure 3 Check Valve Fail
Figure 4 Pump N Availability
Figure 5 Pump N Run Time Service Call
Figure 6 Pump Run Time Out
Figure 7 Pump N Run Sequence Fail
Figure 8 Pump N Fail/Alarm
Figure 9 Call 1 Pump Sequence Typical for All Calls
Figure 10 Station Power Monitor
Figure 11 Hardwired Float Switch Level Monitoring
Figure 12 Station Communications via Radio

A-3.5 SCADA OVERVIEW BLOCK DIAGRAMS (FIGURES 1 TO 3)

Figure 1 WWCD SCADA Project Sewer Pump Station Programmable Logic
Controller Interconnect Diagram
Figure 2 WWCD SCADA Project Repeater Station Programmable Logic
Controller and Radio Component
Figure 3 WWCD SCADA Project Communication Schematic

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Preface 1 October 2004

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