Types of Quantities? Types of Quantities?

Physical Quantity
A Quantity that can be measured is called as Physical
Quantity. Length, Mass, Velocity, Temperature, Area,
Volume, Density Etc… Measurable Quantities

Non - Physical Quantity

A Quantity that cannot be measured is called as
Non- Physical Quantity. Building, Bus, Room, Road,
Mumbai Etc… Non-Measurable Quantities

How are physical quantities classified?

How are physical quantities classified?
Fundamental Quantity
A physical quantity which does not depend on any
other physical quantity for its measurement.

Fundamental Quantity Derived Quantity

Derived Quantity
The physical quantities which are expressed in terms
of more than one fundamental quantities.
 What are Fundamental Quantities?
What are Fundamental Quantities?
There are 7 fundamental quantities
Fundamental Quantity S.I Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
Luminous intensity Candela Cd
Amount of substance Mole mol

*** Candela is Measure of intensity or brightness of Light.

What are Fundamental Quantities ?

There are 2 supplementary quantities

Supplementary Quantity S.I unit Symbol
Plane angle Radian rad
Solid angle Steradian sr
Solid Angle Angle inscribed by surface at point is called solid angle.

The Derived Quantities

The Physical quantities that depend upon other physical
quantity for its measurement are known as derived quantities.
The measurement of derived quantities directly depends upon
other quantities. So in order to measure the derived quantity,
one must measure the quantities that it depends upon.
*** Except 7 fundamental quantities, all other quantities are
derived quantities.
The Derived Quantities What are units and system of units?

Velocity (m/s) displacement

Velocity =
time

Acceleration (m/s2) Velocity SYSTEM Length Mass Time

Acceleration =
time
F.P.S. Foot Pound Second
Work (kg-m2/s2) or J Work = Force x displacement C.G.S. Centimetre Gram Second

Force M.K.S. Metre Kilogram Second

Pressure ( kg m–1 s–2) or Pa Pressure =
Area

What are units and system of units? System of Units

Unit & the characteristics of a Unit CGS Unit
Unit of a physical quantity is a standard used for the measurement of that physical quantity. Length Mass Time
Centimeter Gram Second

System of units cm g s

A set or collection of Fundamental & Derived Unit is called as system of unit.

System of Units System of Units
MKS Unit FPS Unit
Length Mass Time Length Mass Time

Meter Kilogram Second Foot Pound Second

m kg s ft p s

SI Units: International System of Units What are dimensions & their symbol ?

Luminous
Intensity
Candela (Cd)
Amount of
Current
Substance
Ampere (A)
Mole (mol)

SI units
Temperature Length
Kelvin (K) Meter (m)
Length - m Area - m2 Volume - m3

Mass Time
Kilogram (kg) Second(s)
What are dimensions and their symbol ? What are dimensions and their symbol ?
Dimension
Symbol for Dimensions
Power to which fundamental quantity must be raised in order to obtain
Fundamental Quantity Dimension Representation
the unit of the given quantity.
Length [M0L1T0] L
Symbol for Dimensions General Form Mass [M1L0T0] M

[LMT] or [MLT ] Time [M0L0T1] T

Temperature [M0L0T0K1A0] K
[LMTKA] or [MLTKA] Electric current [M0L0T0K0A1] A/I

*** Luminous Intensity - C

*** Amount of Substance - mol

How to find dimensions of derived quantities ? How to find dimensions of derived quantities ?
Dimension of Speed

Step 1 Speed = Distance

Time

[M0L1T0]
Step 2 Speed =
[M0L0T1]

Step 3 Speed = [M0L1T–1]

How to find dimensions of derived quantities?
Dimension of Temperature Gradient

Temp
Step 1 Temp Gradient =
Distance
[M0L0T0K1]
Step 2 Temp Gradient =
[M0L1T0K0]

Step 3 Temp Gradient = [M0 L–1T0K1]

Question Find the dimensions of Area. Question Find the dimensions of Area.
A. [M0 L2 T0]
Step 1 Area = Length x Breadth
B. [MLT2]
B B
C. [M0L0T1] Step 2 SI Unit = m x m = m2
D. None of these
Step 3 Dimension = [M0 L2 T0]

L L
Question Find the dimensions of Volume Question Find the dimensions of Volume.

A. [M0 L3 T2] Step 1 Volume = Length x Breadth x Height

B. [M2 L2 T0] h
C. [M0 L3 T0] Step 2 SI Unit = m x m x m = m3
D. [M0 L3 T-1]
h
Step 3 Dimension = [M0 L3 T0] l
l

Question Find the dimension of Density Question Find the dimension of Density.

A. [M1 L–3 T0]

Mass
Step 1 Density (ρ) =
B. [M0 L–1 T1] Volume

C. [M-1 L–3 T0] [M1 L0 T0]

Step 2 Density (ρ) =
[M0 L3 T0]
D. [M1 L3 T0]
Step 3 Density (ρ) = [M1 L–3 T0]
Question Find the dimension of Momentum
A. [M-1 L0 T0] How to find dimensions of derived quantities ?
B. [M0 L–1 T2]
C. [M-2 L–3 T0]
Find the dimension of Momentum.
D. [M1 L1 T-1]

Step 1 Momentum (p) = Mass x Velocity Distance

Velocity =
Time
Step 2 Momentum (p) = [M1L0T0] [M0L1T–1] [M0 L1 T0]
Velocity =[M0 L0 T1]

Step 3 Momentum (p) = [M1 L1 T–1]

Question Find the dimensions of Force.

Find the dimensions of Force
A. [M-1 L0 T0]

B. [M0 L–1 T2] Force = Mass × acceleration v2 – v1

C. [M-2 L–3 T0] = m × a a =
t
D. [M1 L1 T-2]
Dimensions of Mass = [M1 L0 T0] [M0 L1 T –1]
=
[M0 L0 T1]
Dimensions of Acceleration = [M0 L1 T–2]

∴ Dimensions of Force = [M1 L0 T0] [M0 L1 T–2]

Dimensions of Force = [M1 L1 T–2]

 Question Find the dimensions of Gravitational Constant. Question Find the dimensions of Gravitational Constant
A. [M1 L–3 T0] Formula of gravitational force,
B. [M-1 L3 T-2]
Gm1m2
C. [M1 L1 T-2] F =
D. [M1 L3 T0] r2

∴ G = Fr2
m1m2

Where G Universal constant of gravitation

m1,m2 Masses

r Distance between the two masses

Dimensions of Force = [M1 L1 T–2] Question Find the dimensions of CHARGE.

Dimensions of Length = [M0 L1 T0] A. [M0 L0 T1 A1]

B. [M0 L0 T1 A-1]
Dimensions of r2 = [M0 L2 T0]
C. [M-1 L1 T2 A1]
Dimensions of Mass = [M1 L0 T0] D. None of these

[M1 L1 T–2] [M0 L2 T0]

∴ Dimensions of G =
[M2 L0 T0]

[M1 L3 T–2]
=
[M2 L0 T0]

Dimensions of G = [M–1 L3 T–2]

Solution: Question Find the dimensions of Electric Potential

[M0 L0 T1 A1]
Q = Current × time A.
B.[M L T A ]
1 2 -3 -1

Q = I × t
C.[M L T A ]
-1 1 -1 1

D.None of these
Dimensions of Current (I) = [M0 L0 T0 A1]

Dimensions of Time (t) = [M0 L0 T1]

∴ Dimensions of Q = [M0 L0 T0 A1] [M0 L0 T1]

Dimensions of Q = [M0 L0 T1 A1]

E= q × V

Question Find the dimensions of Resistance

Solution:
Energy (U) = charge (Q) × potential (V)
A. [M L T A ]
1 0 1 1

[M1 L2 T-3 A-1]

B.
∴ V = U [M1 L2 T-3 A-2]
Q C.
None of these
D.
Dimensions of U = [M1 L2 T–2]

Dimensions of Q = [M0 L0 T1 A1]

[M1 L2 T–2]
∴ Dimensions of V =
[M0 L0 T1
A1]

Dimensions of V = [M1 L2 T–3 A–1]

V= I × R
 Of the following quantities, which one has dimension different from the
Question
remaining 2?
Solution: By Ohm’s Law, A. Energy per unit volume
B. Force per unit area
Potential
Resistance = C. Angular momentum per unit mass
Current D. All A,B,C are same
V
R =
I

Dimensions of V = [M1 L2 T–3 A–1]

Dimensions of I = A1

[M1 L2 T–3 A–1]

∴ Dimensions of R =
[M0 L0 T0 A1]

Dimensions of R = [M1 L2 T–3 A–2]

Question Of the following quantities, which one has dimension different

from the remaining two? How is Dimensional Analysis used?
A. Energy per unit volume

B. Force per unit area

C. Angular momentum per unit mass

D. All A,B,C are same

Principle of Homogeneity Conversion FACTOR
Solution:
[energy per unit volume] M1L2T–2
= = M1L–1T–2
L3
[force per unit area] M1L1T–2
= = M1L–1T–2
L2
[angular momentum per unit mass] = ML2T–1 / = L2T–1
M1
Principle of Homogeneity
⇒ Two or more quantities in addition or subtraction should have same dimension.
⇒ Quantities on either side of an expression (equation) should have the same dimension
⇒ Using this principle we can check the correctness of the physical equation

Let us perform dimensional analysis on equation to check it’s correctness Let us perform dimensional analysis on equation to check it’s correctness

v = u + at Equation : v = u + at

L.H.S. R.H.S.

Step-1 Dimension of ‘v’ Dimension of ‘u +at’

Step-2 [M0L1T–1] [M0L1T–1] + [M0L1T–2] [M0L0T1]

Step-3 [M0L1T–1] [M0L1T–1] + [M0L1T–1]

∴ The given physical equation is dimensionally correct

Let us perform dimensional analysis on equation to check it’s correctness Let us perform dimensional analysis on equation to check it’s correctness

v2 = u2 + 2as Equation : v2 = u2 + 2as

L.H.S.

Dimensions of Velocity (v) = [M0 L1 T–1]

∴ Dimensions of v2 = [M0 L1 T–1] [M0 L1 T–1]

= [M0 L2 T–2]

How is dimensional analysis used? Question The relation between velocity and time of a particle is given

B
Equation : v2 = u2 + 2as v =A + + Ct2
t

R.H.S. The units of A, B and C will be

A B C
Dimensions of u2 = [M0 L2 T–2]
A m m/s m/s2
Dimensions of a × s = [M0 L1 T– [M0 L1 T0]
2]
= [M0 L2 T–2] B m/s m m/s3

C m/s2 m/s3 m/s4

∴ The given physical equation is dimensionally correct
D m/s m/s2 m/s3
 The relation between velocity and time of a particle is given Conversion FACTOR
B To find conversion factor between the units of the same
v =A+ + Ct
t 2 physical quantity in two different systems of units
The units of A, B and C will be

Solution:

b) By the principle of homogeneity unit of A,

B and ct2 must be of v.
t
v = A i.e A = m/s
B
v = ⇒ B = m
t

v = Ct2 ⇒ C = m/s3

Question Find conversion factor between SI unit of Force & CGS unit of Force. Question Find conversion factor between SI unit of Force & CGS unit of Force.

Force Force
SI unit : Newton Solution: SI unit : Newton
CGS unit : Dyne CGS unit : Dyne
Let 1 Newton = X Dyne

The dimensions of force = [M1 L1 T–2]

∴ Equation in dimensional form

1 M11 L11 T–2

1
= x M21 L21 T–2
2

–
–
M11 L11 T1 M1
1
L
1
T 2
2
∴ x = = M2 L1 T12
M21 L2 T12 –2
2
 Question Find conversion factor between SI unit of Force and CGS unit of Force Question Find conversion factor between SI unit of Energy and CGS unit of Energy

Force
Solution: SI unit : Joule
CGS unit : Erg
In SI system, In CGS system,
–
1 1
m kg s 2
∴ x = cm g s
L m L cm
1 1
M kg M g cm g
= 102 103 (1)–2
T s T s cm g
∴ x = 105

∴ 1 Newton = 105 dyne