A H1124 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2019
Course Code: ME402
Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
Use of design data book is permitted
Missing data may be suitably assumed
PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks

1 a) A simple band brake as shown in figure below is to be designed to absorb a power (11)
of 32 kW at a rated speed of 850 rpm. Assume μ = 0.25. Determine, (i) The effort
required to stop clockwise rotation of the brake drum, (ii) The effort required to
stop counter clockwise rotation of the brake drum,(iii) The dimensions of the
rectangular cross-section of the brake lever assuming its depth to be twice the
width, and (iv) the dimensions of the cross-section of the band assuming its width
to be ten times the thickness.

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of band brake? (4)

2 a) A single row deep groove ball bearing has a dynamic load capacity of 40210 N (10)
and operates on the work cycle consists of radial load of 2000 N at 1000 rpm for
25 % of the time, radial load of 5000 N at 1500 rpm for 50 % of time, and radial
load of 3000 N at 700 rpm for the remaining 25 % of time. Calculate the
expected life of the bearing in hours.
b) Define static and dynamic load carrying capacity of ball bearing. (5)

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A H1124 Pages: 3

3 A 360 0 hydrodynamic journal bearing operates at 1200 rpm and carries a load of (15)
5.5 k N. The journal diameter is 55 mm and length is 55 mm. The bearing is
lubricated with SAE 20 oil and the operating temperature of oil is 790C. Assume
radial clearance as 0.025 mm and the attitude angle as 600. Determine: (i) bearing
pressure, (ii) Attitude, (iii) minimum film thickness, (iv) heat generated, (v) heat
dissipated, if the ambient temperature is 250C, and (vi) amount of artificial
cooling if necessary.
PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 A motor shaft rotating at 1440 rpm has to transmit 15 kW power to a low speed (15)
shaft running at 500 rpm. A 200 pressure angle full depth involute system of gear
tooth is used. The pinion has 25 teeth. Both gear and pinion are made of cast iron
having allowable static strength of 55 MPa. Design a suitable spur gear drive and
check the design for dynamic load and wear.
5 a) State and explain law of gearing with a neat sketch. (7)
b) Give an account on different modes of failure of gear tooth. (4)
c) Explain why dynamic factors need to be considered in the design of gears. (4)
6 A helical gear speed reducer is to be designed. The rated power of the speed (15)
reducer is 75 kW at a pinion speed of 1200 rpm. The speed ratio is 3:1. For
medium shock conditions and 24 hr operation, design the gear pair. The teeth are
20ο full depth involute in the normal plane and helix angle is 30ο.

PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) Design a connecting rod of I cross section for an IC engine running at 1800 rpm (16)
and developing a maximum pressure of 3.15 N/ mm2. The diameter of the piston
is 100 mm, mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 2.25 kg, length of the
connecting rod is 380 mm, stroke of the piston is 190 mm and compression ratio
is 6:1. Take a factor of safety of 6 for the design. The maximum allowable
bearing pressure at big end and the small end are respectively 10 N/mm 2 and 15
N/mm2. The density of material of the rod may be taken as 8000 kg/m3 and
allowable stress in the bolts as 85 N/mm2 and in the cap as 80 N/mm2.
b) Explain why I section is usually preferred in the case of a connecting rod? (4)

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A H1124 Pages: 3

8 a) Explain the main functions of the piston in an internal combustion engine? (4)
b) Make out a systematic classification of pressure vessels and discuss the role of (4)
statutory regulations.
c) A seamless cylinder with a storage capacity of 0.025 m3 is subjected to an internal (12)
pressure of 8 MPa. The length of the cylinder is twice its internal diameter. The
cylinder is made of plain carbon steel 20C8. (Ultimate stress is 380 MPa and
Factor of safety is 2.5) Determine the dimensions of the cylinder.
9 a) Enumerate the various types of flat belt drives. (3)
b) Explain galling of Roller chains. (3)
c) Design a flat belt drive for a compressor running at 670 rpm, which is driven by a (14)
25 kW, 1340 rpm motor. Space is available for a centre distance of 3 m. The belt
is open type.
****

Page 3of 3
H1124 Pages 2

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Scheme for Valuation/Answer Key
Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2019
Course Code: ME402
Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks

1 a) Finding the tension (T1, T2)- 3 marks (i) 2 marks (ii) 2 marks (iii) 2 marks (iv) 2 (11)
marks
b) Advantages – 2 marks Disadvantages – 2 marks (4)
2 a) Cubic mean load – 5 marks, Life (in revolutions and in hours) – 5 marks (10)
b) Static capacity – 2.5 marks, Dynamic capacity – 2.5 marks (5)
3 (i) 2 marks (ii) 2 marks (iii) 2marks (iv) 4 marks (v) 3 marks (vi) 2 marks (15)

PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 Finding module – 7 marks Check for dynamic load – 3 marks Check for (15)
endurance strength – 3 marks Check for wear load – 2 marks
5 a) Figure – 3 marks, Statement and explanation with equation – 4 marks (7)
b) Modes of failure – 4 marks (4)
c) Explanation – 4 marks (4)
6 a) Finding module – 7 marks Check for dynamic load – 3 marks Check for (15)
endurance strength – 3 marks Check for wear load – 2 marks

PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) Selection of I section & checking of Ixx < Iyy- 4 marks, Depth and width of (16)
section- 3 marks, Big end dimensions- 3 marks, Small end dimensions- 2 marks,
Bolts for big end cap- 2 marks, Thickness of big end cap- 2 marks
b) Reasons for I section – 4 marks (4)
8 a) Functions – 4 marks (4)
b) Classification – 2 marks Regulations – 2 marks (4)
c) Diameter- 5 marks, thickness- 7 marks (12)

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H1124 Pages 2

9 a) Types of flat belt drives – 3 marks (3)

b) Galling – 3 marks (3)
c) Pulley diameters - 2 marks, Standard size - 1 marks, Angle of contact - 2 marks, (14)
Coefficient of friction - 2 marks, belt widths - 3 marks, Length of belt - 2 marks,
Tensions - 2 marks.
****
Note: In Design problems the students may follow different methods for solving it. Hence
proper weightage may be given for understanding of the concepts, making of suitable
assumptions and intermediate steps/procedure/methodology followed for arriving at
solutions.

Page 2of 2
A H192017 Pages: 2

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION(S), OCTOBER 2019
Course Code: ME402
Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
Use of design data book is permitted
Missing data may be suitably assumed
PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks

1 Design a dry single plate clutch having both sides effective to transmit 19 kW at (15)
1500 rpm. The ratio of mean radius to radial width is 4.5. The axial thrust is
provided by 6 springs. Take, coefficient of friction = 0.2 and allowable pressure =
0.245 M Pa. Assume, spring index, C = 6, shear stress = 420 MPa and G = 84
GPa. Find (i) mean radius and width of friction surfaces, (ii) dimensions of clutch
plate and (iii) dimensions of springs.
2 Design a full hydrodynamic journal bearing operating at 1200 rpm and carrying a (15)
load of 6 k N. The journal material is hardened steel and bearing is of babbit
material. The bearing is lubricated with SAE 30 oil and the operating temperature
of oil is 69 0 C. Assume ambient temperature as 300.
3 a) Explain the significance of bearing characteristic number in the design of sliding (5)
contact bearing.
b) Explain the mechanism of fluid film lubrication. (5)
c) What is Sommerfeld number? Explain its significance in the design of (5)
hydrodynamic bearing.
PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 A compressor receives power through a pair of spur gears. The compressor shaft (15)
runs at 350 rpm while the motor shaft runs at 1450 rpm, delivering 40 kW power.
The power transmission is with moderate shock and the drive is to operate 10
hours per day. Pinion is made of steel C-40 heat treated and gear is made of cast
steel. Design the spur gear set.
5 A pair of straight tooth bevel gears at right angles is to transmit 5 kW at 1200 rpm (15)
of the pinion. The diameter of the pinion is 80 mm and the speed reduction is
3.5:1. The tooth form is 20o full depth involute. Both the pinion and gear are

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A H192017 Pages: 2

made of cast iron with allowable stress of 55 MPa. Determine module and face
width from the standpoint of strength. And also check the design from the
standpoint of dynamic load and wear.
6 a) Derive Lewis Equation for beam strength of a gear tooth and also state the (7)
assumptions.
b) What is pressure angle? Discuss its significance. (4)
c) What are the commonly used tooth profiles for spur gear? Explain the (4)
characteristics of each.
PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) Design a connecting rod for four stroke petrol engine with the following data; (16)
Diameter of piston-8.8 cm, Stroke-12.5 cm, Weight of reciprocating parts-1.6 Kg,
Length of connecting rod (centre to centre)-30 cm, RPM-2200 with possible over
speed of 3000, Compression ratio-6.8:1, Maximum explosion pressure-35
Kg/cm2. The maximum allowable bearing pressure at big end and the small end
are respectively 12 N/mm2 and 16 N/mm2. The density of material of the rod may
be taken as 8000 kg/m3 and allowable stress in the bolts as 80 N/mm2 and in the
cap as 75 N/mm2.
b) What is the effect of centrifugal tension in belt on power transmission? (4)
8 a) Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of a flat belt drive. (4)
b) Design a V-belt drive for the following specifications. Power transmitted is 22 (16)
kW, speed of the driving wheel is 1450 rpm, speed of the driven wheel is 400
rpm, centre distance should not exceed 2500 mm, and the service of the
equipment is 15 hrs/day.
9 a) Differentiate between a thin and thick pressure vessel. (4)
b) Explain the various types of ends used for pressure vessel giving practical (4)
application of each.
c) A cast iron cylinder of internal diameter 200 mm and thickness 50 mm is (12)
subjected to a pressure of 5 MPa. Calculate the tangential and radial stresses at
the inner, middle (radius-125 mm) and outer surfaces.
****

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H192017 Pages 2
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Scheme for Valuation/Answer Key
Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION(S), OCTOBER 2019
Course Code: ME402
Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks

1 (i) 5 marks (ii) 5 marks (iii) 5 marks (15)

2 Coefficient of friction – 4 marks Heat generated – 4 marks Heat dissipated – 4 (15)
marks Amount of artificial cooling required – 3 marks
3 a) Significance of bearing characteristic number (3 marks) with figure (2 marks) (5)
b) Figure - 2 marks Explanation - 3 marks
c) Sommerfeld number - 2 marks, Significance – 3 marks

PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 a) Finding module – 7 marks Check for dynamic load – 3 marks Check for (15)
endurance strength – 3 marks Check for wear load – 2 marks
5 a) Finding module from Lewis equation– 8 marks Check for dynamic load – 3 marks (15)
Check for endurance strength – 2 marks Check for wear load – 2 marks
6 a) Assumptions – 2 marks Derivation – 5 marks (7)
b) Definition of pressure angle with figure – 2 marks Significance – 2 marks (4)
c) Commonly used profiles – 1 mark Characteristics – 3 marks (4)

PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) Selection of I section & checking of Ixx < Iyy- 3 marks, Depth and width of (16)
section- 3 marks, Big end dimensions- 3 marks, Small end dimensions- 3 marks,
Bolts for big end cap- 2 marks, Thickness of big end cap- 2 marks
b) Effect of centrifugal tension – 4 marks (4)
8 a) Advantages – 2 marks Disadvantages – 2 marks (4)
b) Selection of cross section – 2 marks Belt speed – 2 mark Power rating – 3 marks (16)
Arc of contact – 2 marks Nominal pitch length – 2 marks Design power – 2 marks

Page 1of 2
H192017 Pages 2
Number of belts – 1 mark Modified centre distance – 2 marks
9 a) Thin and thick pressure vessel – 4 marks (4)
b) Types of ends 2 marks, Application 2 marks (4)
c) Tangential and radial stresses (inner, middle and outer) 4 marks each (12)
****

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 04000ME402052001
A Pages: 2

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Eighth semester B.Tech degree examinations, September 2020

Course Code: ME402

Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
Use of design data book is permitted
Missing data may be suitably assumed
PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks
1 a) Determine the main dimensions of a cone clutch faced with leather to (12)
transmit 30 kW at 750 rpm from an electric motor to an air compressor.
Assume an over load factor of 1.75. Due to possibility of contamination of
lining, a low value of coefficient of friction 0.2 is recommended.
b) What is the principle of operation of a centrifugal clutch? What are its (3)
applications?
2 a) A bearing is to carry a radial load of 240 kgf and a thrust load of 130 kgf. (12)
The load imposes light shock. The desired 90 % life is 10 hrs per day for 5
years at 3000 rpm. (a) Select a deep groove ball bearing. (b) What is the
probability of bearing surviving specified life?
b) What is L10 and L50 life of ball bearing? (3)
3 a) A journal bearing for a steam turbine is required to support a radial load of (12)
270 kgf. The shaft diameter at the bearing is 60 mm. The speed of rotation is
1800 rpm. Design the bearing. Design should clearly indicate requirement of
artificial cooling.
b) Discuss the significance of bearing modulus in the design of journal bearing? (3)
PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 Design a helical gearing to transmit 60 HP. The pinion runs at 6000 rpm. (15)
The speed ratio is 3. Check also the gear pair for safe endurance strength and
surface durability based on the estimate of dynamic load from Buckingham’s
equation.
5 A pair of 20o full depth involute bevel gears is used to connect two shafts at (15)
right angles having a velocity ratio 2.5: 1. The gear is made from cast steel
and the pinion is from the forged steel. Pinion transmits 37.5 kW at 750 rpm.

Page 1of 2
 04000ME402052001

Design the gear drive and check the design for dynamic and wear loads.
6 Design a worm gear drive to transmit 20 HP from worm at 1440 rpm to the (15)
worm wheel that should be rotated at rpm.
PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) Design a V-belt drive to the following specifications. Power transmitted is (17)
20 kW, speed of the driving wheel is 1440 rpm, speed of the driven wheel is
400 rpm, centre distance should not exceed 2500 mm, and the service of the
equipment is 16 hrs/day.
b) How will you designate V belt? (3)
8 a) Design a chain drive to a compressor which receives power 15 HP from an (17)
electric motor running at 970 rpm. The compressor speed is being 330 rpm.
The centre distance should be maximum 500 mm. The chain tension can be
adjusted by shifting the motor on slides.
b) What is the reason for selecting even number of pitches or links for roller (3)
chain?
9 Design a connecting rod of a diesel engine for the following data. (20)

Cylinder bore = 85 mm
Length of connecting rod = 350 mm
Maximum gas pressure = 3 MPa
Factor of safety against buckling failure = 5
(l/d) ratio for piston pin bearing = 1.5
(l/d) ratio for crank pin bearing = 1.25
Allowable bearing pressure for piston pin bearing = 13MPa
Allowable bearing pressure for crank pin bearing 11 MPa.
Length of stroke = 140 mm
Mass of reciprocating parts = 1.5 kg
Engine speed = 2000 rpm
Thickness of bearing bush = 3 mm
Material of cap = 40 C8 (S yt = 380 N/mm 2 )
Material of bolts=Alloy steel (S yt =450N/mm 2 )
Factor of safety for cap and bolts = 4 and 5 respectively
Density of connecting rod = 7800 kg/m 3.
****

Page 2of 2
04000ME402052001 Pages 5

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Scheme for Valuation/Answer Key
Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH(S) DEGREE EXAMINATION SEPTEMBER 2020
Course Code: ME402
Course Name: Design of Machine Elements-II
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
For design problems no particular answer because so many
assumptions are there. If the procedure is correct award maximum
marks.
PART A
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks. Marks

1 a) Considering the over load factor, the design power is

𝑃 = 1.75 × 30 = 52.5 𝐾𝑊
× × . × ×
𝑇 = = ×
= 668450.8 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
Given that 𝜇 = 0.2 and assuming uniform wear condition, average
pressure between the cup and cone is 0.15 N/mm2 and 𝑅 ⁄𝑏 ratio as 6.0.A
semi cone angle of 12.5o is also assumed. (4 marks)
𝑇 = 𝜇𝐹 𝑅
668450.8 = 0.2 × 𝐹 𝑅
𝐹 𝑅 = 3342254

However the normal force

𝐹 = 2𝜋𝑅𝑏𝑝 𝑜𝑟 𝐹 𝑅 = 2𝜋𝑅 𝑏𝑝 ,
For the selected 𝑅 ⁄𝑏 ratio of 6.0
3342254 = 2𝜋 × × 0.15
𝑅 = 277.1 ≅ 282 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∴ 𝑏 = 47 𝑚𝑚 (4 marks)
𝑟 = 282 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛12.5 = 287.1 𝑚𝑚 (2 Marks)
𝑟 = 282 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛12.5 = 276.9 𝑚𝑚 (2 Marks)

b) Working principle(centrifugal force ,spring force,cutting speed )and application

3marks
2 a) Life in no. million revolutions is
× × × ×
𝐿= = 3285 𝑚𝑟

𝑃 = 𝑋𝐹 + 𝑌𝐹
= = 0.542, = 0.5 (𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑) → 𝑋 = 0.56, 𝑌 = 1.0,

𝑆 = 1.2

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04000ME402052001 Pages 5

𝑃 = (0.56 × 240 + 1 × 130) × 1 .2 = 317.28 𝑘𝑔𝑓

The dynamic load on the bearing
⁄
𝐶 = 317.28 = 4716.5 𝑘𝑔𝑓
SKF 6215 is found suitable.
𝐶 = 5200 𝑘𝑔𝑓, 𝐶 = 4250 𝑘𝑔𝑓
= = 0.031 ≅ 0.025 ≠ 0.5 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛.

𝑋 = 0.56, 𝑌 = 2
𝑃 = (0.56 × 240 + 2 × 130 ) × 1.2 = 473.28 𝑘𝑔𝑓
⁄
𝐶 = 473.28 ≅ 7035.5 𝑘𝑔𝑓

SKF 6218 is found suitable. (8 Marks)

𝐶 = 7500 𝑘𝑔𝑓, 𝐶 = 6300 𝑘𝑔𝑓
= = 0.021 ≅ 0.025

For which SKF 6218 is o. k. The 90 % life of the selected bearing is

′ ⁄
7500 = 473.28 , 𝐿′ = 3979.51 𝑚𝑟
⁄

′ =
⁄ .
3285 ln
=
3979.51 ln .
⁄ .

.
= .
, ∴ 𝑝 = 92.17 (4 Marks)

b) L10 life for 10% failure

3marks
L50 average life -50% failure
3 a) Let L = 1.5 × 60 = 90 mm
The bearing pressure
p= ×
= ×
= 5 kgf⁄cm (allowed is 7 − 20 )hence not o. k.
(7.31)
Let for the steam turbine = 1.0,
∴ L = 60 mm 2marks

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04000ME402052001 Pages 5

The bearing pressure

p= ×
= ×
= 7.5 kgf⁄cm (allowed is 7 − 20 )hence o. k.
The clearance
c = = = 0.06 mm (Assumed)
= 1422.3
(7.31)
The minimum required absolute viscosity in centipoises
Z = 1422.3 × 7.5⁄1800 = 5.926 centipoise (in the range of 2 − 16)
(7.31)
Design oil temperature is fixed at70 oC and for minimum absolute viscosity of
5.926cp the appropriate lub oil is SAE 10 at 10 cp. 3 marks
(7.41)
Absolute viscosity of the selected oil is
Z = . ×
= . ×
= 1.02 × 10 kgf − s⁄cm
(7.34)
n = = 30 rps
The Sommerfeld number (selecting proper eqn. for friction)
. × ×
S= = .
(1000) = 0.408 2 marks
(7.34)
Petroff’s equation (calculating coefficient of friction when S> 0.15)
. × ×
μ = 2π = 2π (1000) = 8.054 × 10
.
(7.34) 2 marks
The surface speed of the journal in m/min is
V = π × 0.06 × 1800 = 339.29 m⁄min
Heat generated is
H = μWV kgfm⁄min 1.5 marks
(7.34)
H = 8.054 × 10 × 270 × 339.29 = 737.78
Heat dissipated
(∆ )
H = × LD 1.5 marks
Assuming a temp. rise of 40 C i. e 30 C → 70 C, ∆t = = 20
(7.35)
( )
H = × 6 × 6 = 67.08 kgfm⁄min
Since H ≪ H artificial cooling is necessary
670.7 kgfm ⁄min of heat is to be removed through artificial cooling.

Page 3of 5
04000ME402052001 Pages 5

b) Vicosity*speed/pressure Explanation of variation modulus with coefficient of

friction and fixing of operating point 3marks

PART B
Answer any two full questions, each carries 15 marks.
4 a) Selection of material for gear and pinion and other parameters(pressure angle
,tooth form etc ) 2 marks
Dynamic load 3 marks
Lewis load 3marks
Normal module and Module 2 marks
Gear an pinion specification (z, d ,centre distance, addendum etc) 2marks
Check (wear load and Buckingham Dynamic Load) 3 marks
5 a) Selection of material for gear and pinion and other parameters(pressure angle
,tooth form etc ) 2 marks
Dynamic load 3 marks
Lewis load 3marks
Average module and Module 2 marks
Gear an pinion specification (z, d ,centre distance, addendum etc) 2marks
Check (wear load and Buckingham Dynamic Load) 3 marks
6 a) Design of worm wheel 6 marks
Design of of worm 6 marks
Check heat generation,rise in temperature should less than 800C 3 Marks

PART C
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.
7 a) V-Belt with section C is found suitable (7.5-75 kW range). 2 marks
The minimum pitch diameter of the smaller pulley for C-section is ≥ 200 mm
= 250 mm 2 marks
Rating of a single belt of C Section is 10.27 kW 3marks
Design power 27.59 kW 3 marks
No of belts required – 3 3marks
Centre distance -894.2 mm 2marks
Proportions of V pulley 2 marks
b) Standard V-belts are identified by numbers that indicate cross-sectional
dimensions and length, and these numbers are marked on each belt. ... For
classical V-belts, the part number consists of a letter identifying the cross section

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04000ME402052001 Pages 5

and a numeric designation identifying approximate inside length. 3 marks

8 a) No of teeth Z1=25 Z2=74
Design power =28.125 HP
Chain DR 50 can be recommended 10 marks
Actual factor of safety 3 marks
Actual length 2 marks
Actual centre distance 2 marks
b) If possible, adjust the centre distance, so that the length of chain required is
always in an even number of pitches. For optimum life of the chain and sprockets
the centre distance between the two sprockets should be 30 to 50 times the chain
pitch. If the sprockets have an even number of teeth, the chain has an
uneven number of pitches. This design feature prevents a single link from
contacting the same tooth each time, causing wear and vibration. Small diameter
sprockets cause the chain to bend sharply; therefore, the chain wears more
quickly. 3 marks
9 a) Dimensions of the cross-section of connection rod. 7 marks
Dimensions of small and big and of bearings 5 marks
Nominal diameters of bolts for the cap 5 marks
Thickness of cap 3 marks
****

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