EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, ADO-EKITI

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2021/2022 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION
COURSE CODE: MEE 431 COURSE TITLE: MACHINE DESIGN II
COURSE UNIT: 3 TIME: 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION(S): ANSWER ANY FIVE (5) QUESTIONS DATE: 05-05-2023
Question One
(a) (i) Mention two types of stresses induced in shaft when in operation? (2 marks)
(ii) What is critical speed and its effects speed in shaft operations? How can shaft designer prevent
shaft from operating at critical speed? (5 marks)
(b) Design a shaft to transmit power from electric motor to a lathe head stock through a pulley by
means of a belt drive. The pulley weighs 200 N and is located at 300 mm from the centre of
the bearing. The diameter of the pulley is 200 mm and the maximum power transmitted is 1.2
kW at 140 rev/min. The angle of lap of the belt is 1800 and coefficient of friction between the
belt and the pulley is 0.3. The shock and fatigue factors for bending and twisting are 1.5 and
2.0 respectively. The allowable shear stress in the shaft may be taken as 40 MPa. (13 marks)

Question Two
(a) (i) Under what condition(s) are belt drives not of economic advantages in transmitting energy?
(3 marks)
(ii) Mention four operational advantages offered by toothed belt. (4 marks)
(b) Figure 2 represents a Rockwood belt drive at maximum load. T1 and T2 are 1350 N and 450
N respectively, and the effective tension is 900 N. If the weight of the motor is 675 N and the
distances a and b equal to 75 mm and 250 mm respectively. Find:
(i) The moment arm of the motor at maximum power. (2 marks)
(ii) Effective tension at half maximum load and the high and low side tensions. (4 marks)
(iii) No load tension (i.e. initial tension in belt). (2 marks)
(iv) Belt pull on the motor bearing for maximum load, half load and no load conditions. (3 marks)
(v) Comment on (iv) above when compared with open belt drives with fixed centers. (2 marks)
motor
T2

b
T1
α
a T2 P

C a
W Pivot or T1
hinge point m
Figure 2 Figure 3

Question Three
(a) (i) Explain the important factors upon which the capacity of a brake depends? (6 marks)
(ii) State four advantages of band brakes. (4 marks)
(b) A band brake in Figure 3 has 450 mm diameter drum and a width of lining equal to 85 mm,
speed is 200 rev/min, a = 270 mm, m = 75 mm,  = 2700 and  = 0.2. Find the actuating
force P, torque and power that it can absorb if maximum lining pressure is 0.5 MPa.
(10 marks)
Question Four
(a) (i) Mention four applications of springs with examples in engineering applications. (4 marks)
(ii) What is surge in springs? Mention two ways of avoiding this phenomenon in spring. (4 marks)
(b) Design a square and ground ends coil spring to have a mean diameter of 125 mm, spring index
of 6 and spring rate of 34 KN/m. The maximum load is 7800 N and the allowable shear stress
is 560 MPa. Take G = 80 GPa and clash clearance of 32%. [Hint: Determine the wire diameter,
no of coil, closed and open length, volume of material, pitch of coil]. (12 marks)

Question Five
(a) (i) List four specific advantages exhibited by gear drives in engineering application? (4 marks)
(ii) What is the main disadvantage of helical gear in transmitting torque and how can this be
eliminated? (3 marks)
(b) A pair of helical gears; 200 full both made 250 helix having a normal diametral pitch of 0.2, both
made of SAE 1040 (ultimate strength 552 MN/m2), having a face width of 76.2 mm. the pinion
is rotating at 2,200 rpm has 22 teeth [form factor = and the vel. ratio is to be 1 to 5]. Design
and determine the safe maximum power that can be transmitted. (13 marks)

Question Six
(a) (i) Mention four functional advantages and two disadvantages of welding in machine design.
(6 marks)
(ii) Mention two advantages of temporary joint over permanent joint. (2 marks)
(b) A rectangular cross section bar is welded to 30 kN
a support by means of fillet welds as shown 550
in Figure 6. Determine the size of the weld
if the permissible shear stress in the weld is 150
limited to 90 MPa. (12 marks)
100

Figure 6 All dimensions in mm

Question Seven
(a) (i) Mention four conditions under which rolling contact bearing is preferred to sliding contact
bearing? (6 marks)
(ii) Mention four commonly used materials for sliding contact bearings? (2 marks)
(b) The load on the journal bearing is 160 kN due to turbine shaft of 300 mm diameter running at
1800 rpm. Determine the following:
(i) Length of the bearing if the allowable bearing pressure is 1.8 N/mm2, and (5 marks)
(ii) Amount of heat to be removed by the lubricant per minute if the bearing temperature is
60°C and viscosity of the oil at 60°C is 0.03 kg/m-s and the bearing clearance is 0.25 mm.
(7 marks)

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝜇⁄𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑇 𝐷𝑝 𝑓𝑄𝐾 2𝑇 2𝜋𝑑2 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑

𝑇 = 𝑊𝑟𝑚 [ 𝜇𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝛼
𝑛
] + 𝑊𝜇𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑊1 = [ ] ; 𝑊𝑤 = 𝐿= 𝜎𝑡 = (𝑊−𝑑𝐹 𝐹= 𝑖
𝑠 𝜏 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝ = F= 𝜎𝑏𝑡 ; 𝐷𝑝 =
𝑁𝑐
1− ⁄𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 𝐷𝑊𝜎𝑐 (𝜇1 +𝜇2 ) 𝑒𝑓𝑓 )𝑡 4 𝜋𝑑𝑚 𝑃
𝑛
𝐹 𝐹 𝐹
16𝑇𝑓
𝜎𝑏 = 𝑑𝑡
𝜏= 𝜋𝑑2 /4
𝜏𝑏 = 2𝑎𝑡
𝑇 = 𝐷⁄2 (𝜇1 𝑁 + 𝜇2 𝑁) 𝑃 = [
𝑀∙𝑦𝑜 𝑊 𝑊 2𝜋𝑁
𝜎𝑏𝑜 =
𝐴∙𝑒∙𝑅𝑜
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √
𝐴𝑟
+
𝑑𝑟 3
𝑊 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊1 [𝑚+𝑏]
𝑚
𝜂=
𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑑𝑟 +⋯ ]; 𝑉𝑝 = 60
𝑟𝑝
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒….. 2𝜋𝑛𝑟𝑚 ℎ
𝑊 2 16𝑇𝑓 2 R−r
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √(𝐴 ) + (
𝜋𝑑𝑟
) ; 𝑃 = 𝑊𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜑) ; 𝑇 = 𝑃 𝑑2 + 𝜇𝑊𝑅 𝐹 = (𝑑2 − 𝑑1 )𝑎𝜎𝑡 𝐹 = (𝑑2 − 𝑑1 )2𝑏𝜎𝑡 𝑏 = 14𝑚 𝛼 = 180𝑜 ± 2sin−1 [ ] 𝑇 = 𝑛𝜇𝑊𝑅
𝑟 C
𝐻𝐿𝜎𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑛 +𝜇𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑛−𝑛′ 𝑇1 ′ 𝐹 𝑑 4𝐺
𝐹= 𝜂 =[ ] 𝐹 = (𝜋𝑑 2 𝑆𝑡 )/4 𝑃(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 𝑛
𝑃 𝜎=( 𝐴
) 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑚 = 𝜌𝐴 𝜏𝑡 = 𝑇𝑟 𝑘= = 3𝑁
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑛 −𝜇𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝐽 𝑦 8𝐷𝑚
𝑇 = (𝑇1 − 𝑇2 )𝑟 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑟 𝑇1 3
𝐾𝑠 =
4𝐶−1
+
0.615
𝑚 = 𝜌𝐴 6𝑊𝐿
𝜎 = 𝑛𝑏𝑡 2.3𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )= 𝜇𝜃 𝛿 = 6𝑊𝐿
𝑛𝑏𝑡3
𝑛 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 1
4𝐶−4 𝐶 2 𝑊 = 2𝜋𝐶(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 ) 𝑇2

𝜋
𝑇 = (𝑊𝐿𝑆𝑆 𝐷)/2 𝑇 = (𝑊𝐿𝑆𝑐 𝐷)/4 𝑑2 = 2𝑏𝜏
𝐹
𝑠
+𝑑1
𝑒 𝜇𝛼 = (𝑇𝑇1′−𝑇
′
𝑐 ) 𝑃 = (𝑇 − 𝑇 )𝑣 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1/2√𝜎𝑏2+4𝜏 2 𝜎𝑏 = 𝑀𝑍 T= × 𝜏 × 𝑑3
−𝑇 1 2 16
2 𝑐
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑦𝜋 78𝑊 2𝑟 33 𝑍𝑁 𝑑
= 𝑊[
1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑
] ; 𝑊𝑏 = 𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑦𝜋 𝑊𝑏 =
𝑃𝑛
; 𝑊𝑑 =
78+√𝑉𝑝
;𝑄 =
𝑟+1
𝜇=
103
(
𝑃
)( ) + 𝑘
𝑐
𝜋 3 R−r
𝑇𝑒 = √(𝐾𝑚 × 𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑡 × 𝑇)2 = 𝜏𝑑 𝑄𝑔 = 𝜇𝑊𝑉 𝑇1
2.3𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = 𝜇𝜃 𝑏 = 14𝑚 𝛼 = 180𝑜 ± 2sin−1 [ ]
16 𝑇2 C
1 2 2 𝑏2
𝐶𝑙 = (𝑛 + 2)𝑑 𝑣 = 4
𝜋 𝑑 𝐷𝑚 (𝑛 + 2) 𝑇𝑒 = √(𝐾𝑚 × 𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑡 × 𝑇)2 𝑍 = 𝑡 (𝑏𝑙 + ) 𝜎 +𝑝
𝑡 = 𝑟𝑖 [√𝜎𝑖−𝑝 − 1]= 𝑟𝑖 [√
𝜎𝑖 +(1−𝜇)𝑝
− 1]
3 𝑖 𝜎𝑖 −(1+𝜇)𝑝