Benchmark Example No.

23

Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN

1992-1-1

SOFiSTiK | 2018
 VERiFiCATiON MANUAL
DCE-EN23: Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

VERiFiCATiON MANUAL, Version 2018-15.2

Software Version: SOFiSTiK 2018

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Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

Overview

Design Code Family(s): DIN

Design Code(s): DIN EN 1992-1-1
Module(s): AQB, AQUA
Input file(s): relaxation din en1992.dat

1 Problem Description
The problem consists of a simply supported beam with a rectangular cross-section of prestressed con-
crete, as shown in Fig. 1. The time dependent losses are calculated, considering the reduction of stress
caused by the deformation of prestressing steel due to steel-relaxation, under the permanent loads.

h My
Np
zp
Ap

Figure 1: Problem Description

2 Reference Solution
This example is concerned with the calculation of relaxation losses on a prestressed concrete cs, subject
to bending and prestress force. The content of this problem is covered by the following parts of DIN EN
1992-1-1:2004 [1] [2]:

• Properties (Section 3.3.2)

• Annex D: Detailed calculation method for prestressing steel relaxation losses (Section D.1)

• Strength (Section 3.3.3)

• DIN-HB, ”Zulassung Spannstahl” [3]

In this Benchmark the stress loss due to relaxation will be examined, creep and shrinkage losses are
neglected and disabled.

3 Model and Results

Benchmark 17 is here extended for the case of steel relaxation losses developing on a prestressed
concrete simply supported beam. The analysed system can be seen in Fig. 2, with properties as
defined in Table 1. Further information about the tendon geometry and prestressing can be found in
benchmark 17. The beam consists of a rectangular cs and is prestressed and loaded with its own
weight. A calculation of the relaxation stress losses is performed in the middle of the span with respect
to DIN EN 1992-1-1:2004 [1] [2]. The calculation steps are presented below and the results are given in
Table 2 for the calculation with AQB.

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 Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

Table 1: Model Properties

Material Properties Geometric Properties Loading (at  = 10 m) Time

C 35/ 45 h = 100.0 cm Mg = 1250 kNm t = 1000 h

Y 1770 b = 100.0 cm Np = −3653.0 kN

RH = 80 L = 20.0 m

Ap = 28.5 cm2

Figure 2: Simply Supported Beam

Table 2: Results

Result AQB Ref.

Δσpr,tot 29.15 MP 29.15 MP

ΔPpr 83.071 kN 83.071 kN

ΔPpr
[%] 2.274% 2.274%
P0

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Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

4 Design Process1
Design with respect to DIN EN 1992-1-1:2004 [1] [2]

• Material:

Concrete: C 35/ 45 3.1: Concrete

Ecm = 34077 N/ mm2 3.1.2: Tab. 3.1: Ecm , ƒck and ƒcm for
C 35/ 45
ƒck = 35 N/ mm2

ƒcm = 43 N/ mm2

Prestressing Steel: Y 1770 3.3: Prestressing Steel

Ep = 195000 N/ mm2 3.3.6 (3): Ep for wires

ƒpk = 1770 N/ mm2 3.3.2, 3.3.3: ƒpk Characteristic tensile

strength of prestressing steel
ƒp0,1k = 1520 N/ mm2 3.3.2, 3.3.3: ƒp0,1k 0.1% proof-stress of
prestressing steel, yield strength
Prestressing system: BBV L19 150 mm2

19 wires with area of 150 mm2 each, giving a total of Ap = 28.5 cm2

• Cross-section:

Ac = 1.0 · 1.0 = 1 m2

Diameter of duct ϕdct = 97 mm

Ratio αE,p = Ep / Ecm = 195000 / 34077 = 5.7223

Ac,netto = Ac − π · (ϕdct / 2)2 = 0.9926 m2

Ade = Ac + Ap · αE,p = 1.013 m2

• Prestressing forces and stresses

The force applied to a tendon, i.e. the force at the active end during
tensioning, should not exceed the following value

Pm = Ap · σp,m

where σp,m = mn(0.8 · ƒpk ; 0.90 · ƒp0,1k )

Pm = Ap · 0.80 · ƒpk = 28.5 · 10−4 · 0.80 · 1770 = 4035.6 kN

Pm = Ap · 0.90 · ƒp0,1k = 28.5 · 10−4 · 0.90 · 1520 = 3898.8 kN

→ Pm = 3898.8 kN and σp,m = 1368 N/ mm2

The value of the initial prestress force at time t = t0 applied to the

concrete immediately after tensioning and anchoring should not exceed
the following value 5.10.3 (2): Prestress force

1 The tools used in the design process are based on steel stress-strain diagrams, as

defined in [1] 3.3.6: Fig. 3.10

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 Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

5.10.3 (2): Eq. 5.43: Pm0 initial pre- Pm0 () = Ap · σp,m0 ()
stress force at time t = t0
where σp,m0 () = min 0.75ƒpk ; 0.85ƒp0,1k

(NDP) 5.10.3 (2): σp,m0 () stress in the
tendon immediately after tensioning or
transfer Pm0 = Ap · 0.75 · ƒpk = 28.5 · 10−4 · 0.75 · 1770 = 3783.4 kN

Pm0 = Ap · 0.85 · ƒp0,1k = 28.5 · 10−4 · 0.85 · 1520 = 3682.2 kN

→ Pm0 = 3682.2 kN and σp,m0 = 1292 N/ mm2

Further calculations for the distribution of prestress forces and stresses

along the beam are not in the scope of this benchmark and will not be
described here. The complete diagram can be seen in benchmark 17,
after the consideration of losses at anchorage and due to friction, as
calculated by SOFiSTiK. There the values of σp,m = 1368 N/ mm2
and Pm0 = 3682.2 kN can be visualised.

In this benchmark the beam number 10010 is analysed therefore the

prestressing force is obtained from TENDON:

P0 = 3653 kN

σp,0 = 1281.755 MP

Calculating the prestressing losses due relaxation

According to DIN EN 1992-1-1, 3.3.2 (5), the value of ρ1000 is ex-

pressed as a percentage ratio of the initial stress and is obtained for
an initial stress equal to 0.7 · ƒp , where ƒp is the actual tensile strength
of the prestressing steel samples. For design calculations, the charac-
teristic tensile strength (ƒpk ) is used.

σp0 1281.755
μ= = = 0.724155 ≥ μmn = 0.55
ƒpk 1770

The formulas in section DIN EN 1992-1-1, 3.3.2 (7) are not used
for the calculation, according to DiBt [3] for DIN EN 1992-1-1 [4] the
relaxation values are obtained from Table 3.

Please refer to Fig. 3 to see the differences between DIN EN 1992-1-1

and EN 1992-1-1 (for t=500000 h).

Table 3: Relaxation values per hour

μ = R/Rn 1 10 200 1000 5000 5 · 105 1 · 106

0.45 <1%
0.50 -
0.55 - 1.0 1.2
0.60 - 1.2 2.5 2.8
0.65 - 1.3 2.0 4.5 5.0
0.70 - 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.5 7.0
0.75 - 1.2 2.5 3.0 4.5 9.0 10.0

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Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

Table 3: (continued)

μ = R/Rn 1 10 200 1000 5000 5 · 105 1 · 106

0.80 1.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 6.5 13.0 14.0

25 %
CLASS R1 new (old R1)
Relaxation losses Δσpr / σp for t=500000 h

20 %

15 %
13.0 % abZ
CLASS R2 new (old R3)

10 %
9.0 %

old R2
6.5 %
5% 4.5 %

2.5 %

0%
0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80
μ = σp / ƒpk

Figure 3: The relaxation loss differences according to EC2 and abZ

(DiBt)

t = 1000 h

AQB is interpolating the values from Table 3.

Δσpr (3 − 2) · (0.724 − 0.7)

= + 2.0 = 2.483
σp 0.75 − 0.7

Δσpr = σp · 2.483 % = 1281.75 · 2.483% = 31.82 MP

AQB reduces the initial stress according to DIN 1045-1: DIN 1045-1 8.7.3 (6)

Ep
εcs · Ep + Δσpr + · ϕ(t, t0 ) · σc,QP
Ecm
ΔPc+s+r = Ap DIN 1045-1 8.7.3 (6): ΔPc+s+r Time de-
Ep Ap Ac
 
pendent losses of prestress
1+ · 1+ 2
· zcp [1 + 0.8 · ϕ(t, t0 )]
Ecm Ac c
Creep and shrinkage is not taken into account therefore we have:

εcs · Ep = 0

Ep
· ϕ(t, t0 ) · σc,QP = 0
Ecm
1 + 0.8 · ϕ(t, t0 ) = 1

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 Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

31.82
Δσp,c+s+r =
195000 28.5 · 10−4 0.9926
 
1+ · · 1+ · 0.39012
34077 0.9926 0.08214
31.82
Δσp,c+s+r = = 30.402 MP
1.046644
Now we have:

σp0 = σpg0 − 0.3 · Δσp,c+s+r

DIN 1045-1 8.7.3 (6) σp0 = 1281.755 − 0.3 · 30.4020 = 1272.631 MP

Now with the reduced stress the μ value is calculated again (iteration):

σp0 1272.631
μ= = = 0.719 ≥ μmn = 0.55
ƒpk 1770

Interpolating the relaxation values from Table 3:

Δσpr (3 − 2) · (0.719 − 0.7)

= + 2.0 = 2.38 %
σp 0.75 − 0.7

Δσpr = 1281.755 · 2.38% = 30.50 MP

The total loss:

Δσpr,tot = Δσpr,t + Δσpr,c

Δσpr,t = Δσpr = 30.5093 MP

εk0 , εky and εkz - tendon strain Δσpr,c = (εk0 + εky · zcp − εkz · ycp ) · Ep

Δσpr,c = (2.457 · 10−6 + 1.15 · 10−5 · 0.39) · 1.95 · 108 / 1000

Δσpr,c = 1.354 MP

Δσpr,tot = 30.5 − 1.354 = 29.15 MP

ΔPpr = Δσpr,tot · Ap = 29.15 · 28.5 · 10−4 · 1000 = 83.071 kN

Prestress-force loss in [%]:

ΔPpr
ΔPpr [%] =
P0
83.08
ΔPpr [%] = = 0.02274 · 100% = 2.274 %
3653

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Stress Relaxation of Prestressing Steel - DIN EN 1992-1-1

5 Conclusion
This example shows the calculation of the time dependent losses due to relaxation. It has been shown
that the reference solution and the AQB solution are in very good agreement.

6 Literature
[1] DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, Part 1-1/NA: General rules and
rules for buildings - German version EN 1992-1-1:2005 (D), Nationaler Anhang Deutschland - Stand
Februar 2010. CEN. 2010.
[2] F. Fingerloos, J. Hegger, and K. Zilch. DIN EN 1992-1-1 Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für
den Hochbau. BVPI, DBV, ISB, VBI. Ernst & Sohn, Beuth, 2012.
[3] DiBt. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik. 2015.
[4] EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings. CEN. 2004.

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