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    Class 10 Political Parties

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    Prince Kumar
    Nidhi Gaur has over 5 years of teaching experience in English literature and sociology. She has graduate degrees in English literature from Delhi University and postgraduate degrees in business and sociology. She provides tutoring services in English and Hindi on Unacademy and Telegram. The document discusses political parties, defining them as groups that contest elections to gain power. It outlines the key components and functions of political parties, including putting forward policies, contesting elections, forming governments, and acting as opposition. The document also discusses the need for political parties in a democracy and different party systems in India like one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides details on the recognition criteria for national and

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    Class 10 Political Parties

    Uploaded by

    Prince Kumar
    81 views31 pages
    Nidhi Gaur has over 5 years of teaching experience in English literature and sociology. She has graduate degrees in English literature from Delhi University and postgraduate degrees in business and sociology. She provides tutoring services in English and Hindi on Unacademy and Telegram. The document discusses political parties, defining them as groups that contest elections to gain power. It outlines the key components and functions of political parties, including putting forward policies, contesting elections, forming governments, and acting as opposition. The document also discusses the need for political parties in a democracy and different party systems in India like one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides details on the recognition criteria for national and

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    Nidhi Gaur has over 5 years of teaching experience in English literature and sociology. She has graduate degrees in English literature from Delhi University and postgraduate degrees in business and sociology. She provides tutoring services in English and Hindi on Unacademy and Telegram. The document discusses political parties, defining them as groups that contest elections to gain power. It outlines the key components and functions of political parties, including putting forward policies, contesting elections, forming governments, and acting as opposition. The document also discusses the need for political parties in a democracy and different party systems in India like one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides details on the recognition criteria for national and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views31 pages

    Class 10 Political Parties

    Uploaded by

    Prince Kumar
    Nidhi Gaur has over 5 years of teaching experience in English literature and sociology. She has graduate degrees in English literature from Delhi University and postgraduate degrees in business and sociology. She provides tutoring services in English and Hindi on Unacademy and Telegram. The document discusses political parties, defining them as groups that contest elections to gain power. It outlines the key components and functions of political parties, including putting forward policies, contesting elections, forming governments, and acting as opposition. The document also discusses the need for political parties in a democracy and different party systems in India like one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides details on the recognition criteria for national and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    NIDHI GAUR

    https://unacademy.com/@nidhi.dhaka
    Graduate in English lit (DU)

    MBA and Masters in Sociology

    5years + teaching experience

    Comfortable in both english


    and hindi

    https://t.me/avadanneducation

    https://t.me/UnacademyUPSC1
    Political Party

    ◦ A group of people who contest elections to gain political power is


    called political party.
    Components of a political party are:
    ◦ The leaders,
    ◦ active members and
    ◦ the followers.
    ◦ Political Party state their Policies & Programmes to the public and try
    to gain their support. With this support they seek to win election
    and implement these policies.
    ◦ Often the party is related to any part of the society and hence has
    more affection towards it.
    ◦ So party is known by its policies and the social part to which it is
    interested.
    Functions of a Political Party
    • Parties contest elections.
    • Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters
    choose from them. A party reduces a vast number of opinions into a
    few basic positions which it supports.
    • Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
    • Parties form and run governments.
    • Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to
    the parties in power.
    Why is there need of political party ??
    • Imagine a situation where there is no party system and all candidates
    are independent. This suggests that any candidate can’t promise the
    people about major policy changes. Government will be formed but
    may not be useful. Any elected candidate will be answerable within
    its political area only and hence no one will care about the nation.
    • Parties act as representatives for the Public Opinion.
    • with the help of parties, a responsible government could be formed.
    • Hence Parties are necessary for Democracy.
    ◦ The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of
    representative democracies. More than 750 parties are registered
    with the Election Commission of India.
    ◦ Types of party system in India :
    • One-party systems- one party is allowed to control and run the
    government. These are called one-party system. We cannot consider
    one-party system as a good option because this is not a democratic
    option. Any democratic system must allow at least two parties to
    compete in elections and provide a fair chance for the competing
    parties to come to power.
    • Two-party system- Countries in which only the two main parties
    have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form
    government.
    • Multiparty system-If several parties compete for power, and more
    than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power
    either on their own strength or in alliance with others.
    • Alliance or a front-When several parties in a multi-party system join
    hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it
    is called an alliance or a front.
    National political parties
    ◦ There are some countrywide parties, which are called ‘national parties’.
    These parties have their units in various states. But by and large, all these
    units follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that are decided
    at the national level.
    • Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission.
    While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special
    facilities to large and established parties.
    • These parties are given a unique symbol – only the official candidates of
    that party can use that election symbol.
    • Parties that get this privilege are ‘recognised’ by the Election Commission
    for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, ‘recognised political
    parties’.
    Recognition as national and state party

    • The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of
    votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party.
    • A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha
    elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in
    the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.
    • Some national parties are Indian National Congress (INC), Bahujan Samaj Party
    (BSP), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M),
    Communist Party of India (CPI), Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).
    • A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the
    Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State
    party.
    • Most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission
    as ‘State parties’. These are commonly referred to as regional parties.
    Challenges to political parties
    • The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. All over the
    world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of
    power in one or few leaders at the top.
    • Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational
    meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly.
    • Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on what
    happens inside the party.
    • They do not have the means or the connections needed to influence the
    decisions. As a result the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in
    the name of the party.
    • The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one.
    • Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage
    to favour people close to them or even their family members.
    • In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one
    family. This is unfair to other members of that party.
    • This is also bad for democracy, since people who do not have adequate
    experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power.
    • The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle
    power in parties, especially during elections.
    • Since parties are focused only on winning elections, they tend to use
    short-cuts to win elections.
    • They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of
    money. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to
    have influence on the policies and decisions of the party.

    • The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a
    meaningful choice to the voters. In order to offer meaningful choice,
    parties must be significantly different.
    Some recent efforts to reform political parties and some
    suggestions :
    • The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from
    changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives
    were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become ministers or for cash
    rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or
    she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new law has helped bring
    defection down.(Anti Defection law-91st CAA 2003)
    • The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money
    and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests
    elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal
    cases pending against him. The new system has made a lot of
    information available to the public.
    • The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to
    hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns. The parties have
    started doing so but sometimes it is mere formality.

    • A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be
    made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members, to follow
    its own constitution, to have an independent authority, to act as a judge in case of
    party disputes, to hold open elections to the highest posts.
    • It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number
    of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a
    quota for women in the decision making bodies of the party.

    • There should be state funding of elections. The government should give


    parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given
    in kind: petrol, paper, telephone etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis
    of the votes secured by the party in the last election.
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