Volume II

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY
KOFELE –KORE - BEKOJI AND ARSI NEGELLE – BILLALO JUNCTION

DESIGN AND BUILD ROAD PROJECT
(89.9 km)
For Procurement of Works

For International Competitive Bidding (ICB)
Procurement Reference No. ________________________
DRAFT BIDDING DOCUMENT
VOLUME 2
Content of Volume 2
Section VI: Employer’s Requirement
November, 2021
Addis Ababa
Section VI – Employer’s Requirement
Table of Contents
6. EMPLOYER’S REQUIREMENT .....................................................................................................................1
6.1 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................1
6.2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................3
6.2.1 Project Summary ...................................................................................................................................3
6.2.1.1 Project Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2.1.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
6.2.1.3 Topography ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.2.1.4 Climate .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.2.1.5 Scope of the Service ........................................................................................................................................ 13
6.2.1.6 Items of work .................................................................................................................................................. 13
6.2.2 Standards and Design References ....................................................................................................... 15
6.2.3 Project Conceptual Designs ................................................................................................................ 15
6.2.4 Reference Information ......................................................................................................................... 16
6.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 16
6.3.1 Contract Duration ............................................................................................................................... 16
6.3.2 Project Schedule .................................................................................................................................. 17
6.3.3 Key Personnel/Staffing ........................................................................................................................ 18
6.3.4 Meetings and Progress Reporting ....................................................................................................... 18
6.3.5 Employer’s Representative Facilities .................................................................................................. 19
6.3.5.1 Project Office .................................................................................................................................................. 20
6.3.5.2 Laboratory ....................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.6 Route Assessment and Selection .......................................................................................................... 20
6.3.6.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.6.2 Route Selection ............................................................................................................................................... 21
6.4 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION STAKING ................................................................................. 23
6.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 23
6.4.2 Mandatory Standards and Reference Publications.............................................................................. 23
6.4.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
6.4.2.2 Conflicts & Priority ......................................................................................................................................... 24
6.4.2.3 Ambiguity ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.4.3 Design and/or Construction Criteria ................................................................................................... 24
6.1.1.1 Design Survey Work ....................................................................................................................................... 24
6.1.1.2 Construction Surveying ................................................................................................................................... 26
6.4.4 Performance Requirement ................................................................................................................... 27
6.4.5 Submittals/Deliverables ....................................................................................................................... 27
6.5 ROADWAY AND GEOMETRIC DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 27
6.5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 27
6.5.2 Performances Requirements ................................................................................................................ 27
6.5.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
6.5.3.2 Conflicts & Priority ......................................................................................................................................... 28
6.5.3.3 Ambiguity ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.5.4 Design Criteria .................................................................................................................................... 29
6.5.4.1 Geometric Parameters for Design Class DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Standard) ................... 29
6.5.4.2 Typical road cross section ............................................................................................................................... 31
6.5.4.3 Phasing of horizontal and vertical alignment .................................................................................................. 33
6.5.4.4 Design of Junctions and Roundabouts............................................................................................................. 33
6.5.4.5 Connections with Existing Roads.................................................................................................................... 34
6.5.4.6 Side walk curb ramps ...................................................................................................................................... 34
6.5.4.7 Traffic-calming measures ................................................................................................................................ 34
6.5.4.8 Bus Lay-Bys .................................................................................................................................................... 35
6.5.4.9 Access Stairs ................................................................................................................................................... 35
6.5.5 Departure from Standard..................................................................................................................... 35
6.5.5.1 Sufficient conditions to request design departure from standard ..................................................................... 35
6.5.5.2 Limit of departure from standard .................................................................................................................... 36
Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |i

6.5.6 Geometric Design ................................................................................................................................ 36

6.5.7 Construction Quantities ....................................................................................................................... 36
6.5.8 Plan Submittal Requirements ............................................................................................................... 37
6.5.9 As Built Plans ...................................................................................................................................... 37
6.6 ROADWAY SURFACING AND GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................... 38
6.6.1.1 Pavement ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.6.1.2 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
6.6.1.3 Mandatory Standards and Reference Publications .......................................................................................... 38
6.6.1.4 Performance Requirement ............................................................................................................................... 39
6.6.1.5 Pavement Report ............................................................................................................................................. 44
6.6.1.6 Submittal ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
6.6.2 Subgrade Soil and Construction Materials Investigation .................................................................... 44
6.6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
6.6.2.2 Mandatory Standards ...................................................................................................................................... 44
6.1.1.3 Performance Requirement ............................................................................................................................... 45
6.1.1.4 Submittals ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
6.7 HYDROLOGY/HYDRAULICS ............................................................................................................................ 48
6.7.1 Stream/Structure Stability .................................................................................................................... 51
6.7.2 Flood Plain and Ground Water Table ................................................................................................. 51
6.7.3 Environmental Issues ........................................................................................................................... 52
6.7.4 Drainage .............................................................................................................................................. 52
6.7.5 Highway drainage elements (side drains, edge drains, chutes, median drains, catch water drains,
MITRE banks and underground drainage system). ............................................................................................ 53
6.7.6 Drainage Submittals/Plans .................................................................................................................. 55
6.8 CULVERT ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
6.8.1 General Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 55
6.8.2 Culvert Design ..................................................................................................................................... 56
6.8.2.1 Existing Culverts ............................................................................................................................................. 56
6.8.2.2 New Culverts................................................................................................................................................... 56
6.8.2.3 Drainage Submittals/Plans .............................................................................................................................. 57
6.9 OPEN CHANNELS, DITCHES AND SIDE DRAINS ............................................................................................... 58
6.10 BRIDGES .................................................................................................................................................... 58
6.10.2 Standards ............................................................................................................................................. 58
6.10.3 Design and Performance Requirement ................................................................................................ 58
6.10.3.1 Existing Bridges ......................................................................................................................................... 58
6.10.3.2 New Bridges .............................................................................................................................................. 59
6.10.3.3 Submittals and Design Calculations ........................................................................................................... 61
6.10.4 Geotechnical Design ............................................................................................................................ 62
6.10.4.1 General Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 62
6.1.1.5 Standards ......................................................................................................................................................... 62
6.10.4.2 Performance Requirement.......................................................................................................................... 62
6.10.4.3 Geotechnical Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 63
6.10.5 Bridge Foundation Design ................................................................................................................... 63
6.10.6 Submittals/Deliverables ....................................................................................................................... 63
6.11 RETAINING WALLS .................................................................................................................................... 64
6.11.2 Standards ............................................................................................................................................. 64
6.11.3 Performance Requirements .................................................................................................................. 64
6.12 SAFETY BARRIERS AND MARKER POSTS ................................................................................................... 64
6.12.1.1 Safety Barrier (Guardrail) .......................................................................................................................... 65
6.12.1.2 Marker Posts .............................................................................................................................................. 65
6.12.2.1 General....................................................................................................................................................... 65
6.12.2.2 Conflicts and priority ................................................................................................................................. 66
6.12.2.3 Ambiguity .................................................................................................................................................. 66
6.12.3.1 Steel Rail Guardrail: .................................................................................................................................. 66
6.12.3.2 Grouted Rock Guardrail: ............................................................................................................................ 67
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | ii

6.12.3.3 Guide Posts ................................................................................................................................................ 67

6.12.3.4 Kilometer Posts .......................................................................................................................................... 67
6.13 ROAD FURNITURE AND TRAFFIC CALMING ............................................................................................... 67
6.13.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 67
6.13.2.1 General....................................................................................................................................................... 68
6.13.2.2 Conflicts and priority ................................................................................................................................. 68
6.13.2.3 Ambiguity .................................................................................................................................................. 68
6.13.3.1 Traffic Signs .............................................................................................................................................. 68
6.13.3.2 Pavement Marking Materials ..................................................................................................................... 68
6.13.3.3 Road Studs ................................................................................................................................................. 69
6.13.3.4 Traffic Calming.......................................................................................................................................... 69
6.13.3.5 Right of Way Marker Posts ........................................................................................................................ 69
6.14 MEDIANS AND MEDIAN OPENINGS ............................................................................................................. 70
6.15 SERVICE DUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 70
6.16 CONTROL OF WORK AND MATERIAL ......................................................................................................... 71
6.16.1 Construction Specification ................................................................................................................... 71
6.16.2 Plans and Working Drawings .............................................................................................................. 72
6.16.3 Conformity with Contract and Contractor’s Plans and Specifications ............................................... 72
6.17 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) PLAN ...................................................................... 73
6.17.1 Design Quality Management Plan ....................................................................................................... 73
6.17.2 Construction Quality Management Plan (CQMP) .............................................................................. 73
6.18 UTILITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 74
6.19 ENVIRONMENTAL ...................................................................................................................................... 75
6.19.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 75
6.19.2 Mandatory Standards .......................................................................................................................... 76
6.19.4 Design and Construction Criteria (Commitments) .............................................................................. 79
6.19.5 Landscape Preservation ...................................................................................................................... 83
6.19.6 Temporary Soil Erosion Control ......................................................................................................... 86
6.19.7 Preservation of Trees and Shrubbery .................................................................................................. 88
6.19.8 Prevention of Water Pollution ............................................................................................................. 90
6.19.9 Preservation of Historical, Archaeological and Cultural Remains ..................................................... 92
6.20 GENERAL STD AND HIV/AIDS ALLEVIATION AND PREVENTION OF COVID-19 ..................................... 96
6.20.1 General STD and HIV/AIDS Alleviation Campaign ............................................................................ 96
6.20.2 Minimize spread of infections in light of COVID-19 ........................................................................... 97
6.20.3 Sub-Contractor and personnel ........................................................................................................... 100
6.21 PRODUCT WARRANTY PROVISIONS ......................................................................................................... 102
6.21.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 102
6.21.2 Summary of Project Warranties......................................................................................................... 102
6.21.3 General Warranty .............................................................................................................................. 103
6.21.4 General Warranty – Time of General Warranty ................................................................................ 103
6.21.5 General Warranty - Performance Responsibility .............................................................................. 103
6.21.6 General Warranty – Extension of General Warranty ........................................................................ 104
6.21.7 General Warranty – No Limitations of Liability ................................................................................ 104
6.21.8 Damages for Breach of Warranty ...................................................................................................... 104
6.21.9 Warranty Bond................................................................................................................................... 104
6.21.10 Warranty Performance Requirements ............................................................................................... 104
6.21.11 Evaluation Method ............................................................................................................................. 105
6.21.12 Costs of Correction of Work .............................................................................................................. 105
6.21.13 Pavement Warranty ........................................................................................................................... 105
6.21.13.1 Performance ............................................................................................................................................. 106
6.21.14 Major and Minor Structures Warranty .............................................................................................. 110
6.21.15 Settlement of New Roadway Grade (Including Bridge Fills) ............................................................. 110
6.21.16 Settlement: Retaining Walls ............................................................................................................... 110
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | iii

6.21.17 Road marking..................................................................................................................................... 111

6.21.18 Signing (Permanent) .......................................................................................................................... 111
6.21.19 Landscaping and Turf Establishment (Plantings, Trees, and Grasses) ............................................. 113
6.21.20 Methodology for condition parameter Measures ............................................................................... 114
6.21.21 Methodology for Durability Performance Measures ......................................................................... 116
6.21.22 Inspection Procedures and Methodology for Evaluation of Signs, Pavement Markings, Kilometer and
Guide posts and Guardrails/Crash Barriers .................................................................................................... 117
6.22 SUBMITTALS............................................................................................................................................ 119
6.22.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 119
6.22.2 Design Deliverables ........................................................................................................................... 119
6.22.3 Route Selection Report....................................................................................................................... 119
6.22.4 Topographic Survey Report ............................................................................................................... 120
6.22.5 Departure from Standard Report ....................................................................................................... 120
6.22.6 Deliverables of Geometric Design ..................................................................................................... 120
6.22.7 Submittals Geotechnical investigation and Subgrade........................................................................ 122
6.22.8 Pavement Design Report ................................................................................................................... 123
6.22.9 Hydrology/Hydraulics Report ............................................................................................................ 123
6.22.10 Structures and Drainage Report ........................................................................................................ 123
6.22.11 Geotechnical Report .......................................................................................................................... 124
6.22.12 Construction Specification and Special Provisions ........................................................................... 125
6.22.13 Partial Design Report ........................................................................................................................ 125
6.22.14 Final Design Report........................................................................................................................... 125
6.22.15 Environment and Social Report ......................................................................................................... 125
6.23 CONSTRUCTION WORKS DELIVERABLES ................................................................................................. 126
6.23.1 Monthly Report .................................................................................................................................. 126
6.23.2 Program ............................................................................................................................................. 126
6.23.3 Cash Flow .......................................................................................................................................... 126
6.23.4 As-Built Documentation ..................................................................................................................... 126
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................................... 127
APPENDIX A: EMPLOYERS REPRESENTATIVE SITE FACILITIES............................................................................. 127
APPENDIX B-1 TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS............................................................................................................. 127
APPENDIX B-2 DETAIL DRAWING FOR ROW MARKER .......................................................................................... 127
APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................................... 129
A1- LABORATORY ........................................................................................................................................... 147
A2 - OFFICES ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
A3 - STAFF HOUSING ...................................................................................................................................... 156
A4 – VEHICLES ................................................................................................................................................. 159
A5 - SURVEY EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 166
A6 - EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................... 168
APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................................... 169
B-1 TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 170
B-2 ROW MARKER POSTS...................................................................................................................................... 171
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | iv

Table of Figures
Table 6-1: General Project Information ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 6-2: Beginning and Terminal Control Points ................................................................................................................... 6
Table 6-3: Project Control Points ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Table 6-4: Town Sections along the Project. ............................................................................................................................. 7
Table 6-5: Terrain Classification Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara) .................................................................................... 8
Table 6-6: Terrain Classification Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction (Goljota) ............................................................................... 9
Table 6-7: Geometric Design Parameters ................................................................................................................................ 29
Table 6-8: Slope Ratio Table – Vertical to Horizontal ............................................................................................................. 30
Table 6-9: Town Sections and Proposed length ...................................................................................................................... 31
Table 6-10: Minimum Pavement Compositions of the Project ............................................................................................... 40
Table 6-11: Minimum Shoulder Pavement Compositions of the Project .............................................................................. 40
Table 6-12: Summary of Project Warranties .......................................................................................................................... 102
Table 6-13: Allowable Threshold Limits and Corrective Actions - New Constructed AC ................................................. 108
Table 6-14: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action-Settlement of New Roadway Grade .............................. 110
Table 6-15: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action-Settlement of Retaining Walls ........................................ 111
Table 6-16: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action—Signing (Permanent) ..................................................... 112
Table 6-17: Number of Copies ................................................................................................................................................. 119
Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |v

ABBREVIATIONS
A – Association (of bidders).
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
AADT–Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
AC - Asphalt Concrete (AC)
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
BDS - Bid Data Sheet
BoQ – Bill of Quantities
C - Consortium (of bidders)
CBR - California Bearing Ratio
CE (Contracting Entity) - Contractor
DB- Design – Build
DBRC - Design and Build Road Contract
DCP: Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
DCS: Document Control System
DRB - Dispute Review Board
DRE - Dispute Review Expert
DST – Double Surface Treatment
EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment
ERA–Ethiopian Roads Authority
ERADM –Ethiopian Roads Authority Design Manual
ESAL - Equivalent Single Axle Load
ESIA-Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ETB – Ethiopian Birr (currency)
FIDIC–Federation International Des Ingénieurs-Conseils - International Federation of Consulting
Engineers
FWD - Falling Weight Deflection meter
FWP – Forward Work Programme
GC or GCC- General Conditions of Contract
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GoE - Government of Ethiopia
HDM – Highway, Development and Management (World Bank tool)
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | vi

HSSE- Health Safety Security and Environment

ICB – International Competitive Bidding
IRI - International Roughness Index
IRR- Internal Rate of Return
ITB– Instructions to Bidders
JV - Joint Venture
JVA - Joint Venture Agreement
km- Kilometer/kilometer
m – metre/meter. Unit of measurement.
mm – milimetre/milimeter. Unit of measurement
MC – Monitoring Consultant
MoT – Ministry of Transport
MPa - Mega Pascal. Unit of Measurement
OP – Operational Policies of the World Bank
PC – Particular Conditions of Contract
PPS - Price Proposal (Financial Proposal) Score of a Bidder.
PQ - Prequalification Stage
QA – Quality Assurance
QAM – Quality Assurance Manager
QAS – Quality Assurance System
QC - Quality Control
QMS – Quality Management System
CQAMP- Contract Quality Assurance Management Plan
RAP - Resettlement Action Plan
RoW-Right of Way, Road Reserve
RSP - Road Surface Profiler Equipment Class 1 measuring the IRI.
SIA - Social Impact Assessment
SN - Structural number represents the strength of a pavement structure or a layer.
SSRW – Standard Specifications for Road Works (Ethiopia)
TMP - Traffic Management Plan
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | vii

6. EMPLOYER’S REQUIREMENT
6.1 Definitions
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT): The total yearly traffic volume in both directions divided
by the number of days in the year.
Auxiliary lane: Auxiliary lanes are located immediately adjacent to the basic lanes. They are
generally short and are provided only to accommodate some or other special circumstance.
Auxiliary lanes are often used at intersections and at interchanges. These are through lanes
and are intended to achieve lane balance where turning volumes are sufficient to warrant multi-
lane on and off-ramps.
Conforming Design means a design that meets all accepted standards and best practice
criteria for road construction including but not limited to geometrics, safety, pavement, drainage,
delineation, lighting and aesthetics.
Contracting Entity: Any combination of companies that has, inter-alia, Construction

capabilities, Design capabilities, Financing capabilities, Asset and Data Management
capabilities, etc. This Entity may be composed of one or any number of groups, joined together
as one single company, or a JVA (Joint Venture Association), or a Partnership. It is emphasized
that the Design capabilities shall be provided by an experienced, international Consultancy firm,
which is one of the companies which form the CE, and not by a Design Unit that is an integral
part of any of the companies forming the CE. Also known as “the Contractor”.
Defect is any part of the Works and Services not completed in accordance with the
requirements of the Contract.
Deflection is vertical deformation of a pavement under an applied load.
Detailed Design means the increased level of detail the Contractor must provide, over and
above the information presented in the Conceptual Design, to satisfy the requirements of the
specification, construction practices, traffic management, applicable design codes and
standards, legislation, the Employer, the Employer’s Representative and all other approving
agencies.
Drawings include calculations and other information provided by the Contractor for the
execution of the Contract.
Falling Weight Deflection meter (FWD) is a Non-destructive equipment used to measure the
deflection bowl or basin of a given pavement structure. It is an indicator of the structural condition
of the road.
International Roughness Index (IRI): a pavement roughness index computed from a

longitudinal profile measurement.
Milestone: is the end of a stage that marks the completion of a work package or lot or phase.
Performance Period: The period of time that an initial pavement structure will last before it
needs rehabilitation.
Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |1

Pavement performance is the measure of accumulated service provided by a pavement. Often

referred to as the record of pavement condition or serviceability over time or with accumulated
traffic.
Employer’s Representative is an Engineer who verifies the work done is in compliance with
Project specifications, and all aspects of on and offsite inspections, inspection request forms,
non-conformance reports, remedial actions, records, scheduling, etc for design and construction
of the Works.
The words Quality Assurance (QA)/Quality Control (QC) or Quality Management Program
or Project Quality Plan or Contract Quality Assurance Management Plan (CQAMP) or
Quality Control mean the same within this contract.
The words Program and Programme mean the same within this contract.
The terms Right of Way (RoW) and Road Reserve mean the same within this contract.
Right of Way: Land authorized to be used or occupied for the construction, operations,
maintenance, and termination of a project or facility passing over, under, or through such land.
Road means the road or network of roads for which the Works and Services are contracted
under the Contract.
Road Surface Profiler (RSP): Equipment Class 1 measuring the IRI.
Roadside Any non-pavement area within the road reserve, including any median area.
Serviceability: It is the ability of the pavement to serve the type of traffic which uses the facility
during the performance period.
Service Levels are the minimum performance standards for the level of quality of conditions of
the Road defined in the Employer’s Requirement which the Contractor shall comply with.
Shoving / Plastic deformation: Bulging of the road surface generally parallel to the direction
of traffic; and/or horizontal displacement of surfacing materials mainly in the direction of traffic
where braking or acceleration movement occurs. Similarly, half-moon or crescent shaped crack
in the direction of traffic, commonly associated with shoving.
Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP), also referred to as the Environmental

Management Plan (EMP): The purpose of the SEMP, which is prepared by the Contractor, is to
set out how the adverse environmental and social impacts identified in the environmental study
will be controlled during project implementation phases. The SEMP specifies mitigation and
monitoring actions with time frames, specific responsibilities assigned and follow-up actions
defined.
The words Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) or Environmental and

Social Management Plan (ESMP) mean the same within this contract.
Specifications means the Specifications of the Works and Services included in the Contract
and any modification or addition made or approved by the Employer.

6.2 Introduction
6.2.1 Project Summary
6.2.1.1 Project Overview
To address development constraints caused by poor condition of roads and restricted access
and, owing to the importance of the road transport in supporting social and economic growth
and in meeting poverty reduction objectives, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has
placed an increased emphasis on improving the quality and size of the road infrastructure. The
government of Ethiopia had formulated, in 1996, a strategy named Road Sector Development
Program (RSDP). The RSDP has now stretches to the fourth phase where three phases each
covering five years have already completed. Under the various RSDP schemes, the government
has made a huge amount of investment towards improvement of the road network; both
qualitatively and quantitatively. These investment outlays cover the finance for the rehabilitation
or upgrading of the main trunk, link and rural roads and construction of new roads to expand
the network.
As has been the case in the past, the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia (FDRE) continues its commitment to give the road sector the highest priority and is
preparing more projects for funding by donors and from the national budget. Individual road
projects are selected for inclusion in the RSDP on the basis of needs assessment and taking
into account the level of traffic, road condition and access problem etc. In accordance with the
above and its overall road sector strategy, the FDRE, represented by Ethiopian Roads Authority
(ERA), has allocated sufficient budget to finance payments for the design and construction
works of Kofele – Kore – Bekoji and Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction Design and Build Road
Project: through the Design and Build contract delivery strategy.
The Kofele – Kore – Bekoji and Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction road project is located in the
Central part of the country, and lies entirely in the Oromia National Regional State of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia specifically in West Arsi and Arsi Zone. The project road is multi-
segment road as described here under.
 The Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara) road project starts from Kofele town, which is
located from shashemene about 25km and from addis ababa about 260km and the project
end at Koji Katara, 15km from Bekoji on Gobesa - Bekoji - Kersa road design project based
on the final route selection assessments. The total project length of this project is
approximately 69.3 km. The project road mainly passes through farm land of Aris plane land
of rolling and flat terrain except some section which is mountainous at the end of the project
section and some settlements. The first road section from Kofele to Shire has 5-6m all
weathered road and the section from Shire to Koji Katara is not fully accessible road due to
big rivers which could not be crossed during rainy season
 Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction (Goljota) road project has a total length of 20.6 km which
starts from Aris Negele town center, which is 235km far from Addis Ababa and end at
(Goljota) a new woreda seat of Heben Arsi Woreda after traveling through a farm land and

settlements. This road has 5-6m roadway width and dry weathered road due to big rivers
which could not be crossed during rainy season
Accordingly, the project shall have a total approximate length of 89.9Km with DC5 Design
standard.
Road Major junctions of the project at Arsi Negele, Goljota, Kofele, Shire and Koji Katara should
be design with proper intersection design to allow a smooth entry and exit for DV4 vehicles.
Table 6-1 below shows the general project information of the project road.
Table 6-1: General Project Information
Project Name Kofele – Kore – Bekoji and Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction
Design and Build Road Project (89.9KM)
Region / Zone Oromia National Regional State /West Arsi, and Arsi
Kofele – Starting Point Kofele (X=476254 Y=782137), 25km From Shashemene
Kore –
Bekoji(Koji Ending Point Koji Katara Villages (X=515294 Y=829671), 15km from Bekoji on
Katara) Gobesa - Bekoji - Kersa road design project
Arsi Negele Starting Point Arsi Negele Town center (X=464073, Y=812829), 265km From
– Bilalo
Addis Ababa
Junction
(Goljota) Ending Point Bilalo Junction (Goljota) ( X=479722, Y=820408) at woreda
seat of Heben Woreda or 20.6km From Arsi Negele Town
centre
Project Length Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara) 69.3 KM
Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction 20.6 Km
(Goljota)
Total Length 89.9 Km
Climate Classification C3-C4 Weina Dega to Dega (Altitude : min. 1920m – max. 2913m)
Elevation (m) (min – max)
Design Standard DC5
Note: All the coordinates’ values shown in the table and in any part of the report are only
indicative values.
The upgrading of the project road to Asphalt Concrete will improve the riding quality of
passenger and cargo transports. It also improves the economic status and well-being of the
residents living along and within the zone of influence of the route corridor by improving access
to local markets and towns, health care and educational facilities and generally improving
mobility of the people of the area.

The project involves identifying the best route alignment based on technical/engineering, social,
environmental and administrative aspects, designing and constructing of the road with DC5
design standard (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Standard) with Asphalt Concrete (AC)
surfacing. The work includes demolishing and removal of substandard structures such as slab
and pipe culverts Fords and vented causeways if any, and construction of new culverts and
Bridges as required. The project work shall also include provision of road furniture and
protection works supplemented by a compatible Environmental Mitigation plan as shall be
detailed in subsequent chapters.
Generally, the project will be comprising of the following, but not limited to:
 Investigating, surveying, Designing and constructing of the roadway and any
necessary structures
 Designing and constructing new DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design
Standard) standard road and as modified in this Employer’s Requirement
 Rehabilitate or reconstruction of about 500m asphalt road including new construction of
walkway from 0+000(X=464073, Y=812829), to (X=463571 Y=812854)the main
road of Adiss Ababa to Shashmeni keeping the existing road Geometry.
 Designing and Constructing new Bridges and culverts
 Designing and constructing surface drains
 Designing and constructing under drains where appropriate
 Designing and Constructing Paved Roadways including shoulders
 Designing and Constructing Gabions, Retaining Walls, guard rails and other road
protection works
 Designing Pavement Markings and Erecting Permanent Traffic Signs
 Compatible traffic management during the construction stages of the project.
 Studying and applying applicable environmental mitigation measures at design
stage so that the impact of the construction of the road on the environment shall
be prevented initially
 Framing a sound Environmental Management plan to be followed at construction
stage so as to mitigate the negative impacts to the absolute minimum desirable
 Studying and identify the protected area particularly conservation forest and
applying applicable mitigation measures to conserve the forest.
 And other necessary works to meet the Employer’s Requirement.
6.2.1.2 Location
Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara) and Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction(Goljota) road project is
located in the Centeral part of the Ethiopia, and lies entirely in Oromia National Regional State
of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, particularly in West Arsi and Arsi Zone. The
Kofele – Kore – Bekoji road project traverses through Kofele woreda, Kore woreda and Gedeb
Asasa woreda of West Arsi Zone and Munesa and Limuna Bilbilo woreda from arsi zone and
Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction road project passes in Arsi Negele Woreda and the new formed
called Heben woreda

The Geographical positions of the terminal and intermediate points are only indicative values
and the design & builder should use the coordinates as indicative values only.
Table 6-2: Beginning and Terminal Control Points
Name of the control Position
Description
point Easting Northing
Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara)
Beginning of Project Kofele 476255 782137
End of Project Koji Katara 515295 829672
Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction (Goljota)
Beginning of Project Arsi Negele 464073 812829
Bilalo
End of Project 479722 820408
Junction(Goligota)
Notes: * - The above coordinates and elevations are only indicatives. The contractor shall
provide smooth transition horizontally and vertically with the existing & adjacent roads both at
the beginning and end of the project.
Control points and presumed limits of town section along the route are presented in the tables
below. However, the actual limits of town section along the route shall be determined in due
consultation with administrative bodies of the region and as well as with ERA during detail
design of the project road.
Table 6-3: Project Control Points
N Station Start Coordinate End Coordinate Description Category
o Length
From To Easting Northing Easting Northing
.
Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara)
Starting point,
1 0+000 3+000 3000 476255 782137 477736 784714 Town
Kofele town
2 20+700 25+200 4500 490236 796358 493921 798799 Kore Town
3 68+040 69+340 1300 514804 828478 515295 829672 Koji Katara Village Town
Woreda
1
0+000 3+600 3600 464073 812829 466765 814398 Arsi Negel seat
Developing
2
13+900 14+600 700 475615 816406 476057 816702 Sogido Kebele
479505 Woreda
3
20+160 20+660 500 820064 479722 820408 Goljoitta seat
Note–All the coordinates in this Employers requirement and Engineering report are indicative only
The distance/chainage between control points/towns shown above and other sections of the bidding
document, if any, are indicative only, however the actual location and length of town section shall be

determined jointly with the Employer’s Representative during construction and if there is any
ambiguity ERA’s decision will be final.
Table 6-4: Town Sections along the Project.
Start End
No. Station
Length Coordinate Coordinate Description Category
From To Easting Northing Easting Northing
Woreda
1 0+000 3+600 3600 812829 464073 814400 466769 Arsi Negel seat
Kebele
2 7+100 8+100 1000 815652 469848 816161 470687 serba Seat
Cherechertu Kebele
3 9+200 10+000 800 816455 471632 816244 472349 kebele Seat
Kebele
4 11+200 12+100 900 816225 473459 816622 474265 Chire Seat
Developing
5 12+900 13+400 500 816883 474992 816602 475302 Meseno Sefere Kebele
Rural foot path/
Approach to Kebele
6 13+400 13+900 500 816602 475302 816406 475615 Sogido Seat
Developing
7 13+900 14+600 700 816406 475615 816701 476056 Sogido Kebele
Woreda
8 20+160 20+660 500 820064 479505 820408 479722 Goljoitta seat
Woreda
0+000 3+000 Kofele
1 3000 782137 476255 784714 477736 seat
Developing
3+000 4+100 Kofele
2 1100 784714 477736 790116 483468 Kebele
Developing
10+800 11+300 Gobe Village
3 500 789801 483095 790116 483468 Kebele
Woreda
20+700 25+200 Kore
4 4500 796358 490236 798799 493921 seat
Developing
28+500 30+600 Shire
5 2100 799574 497103 800708 498099 Kebele
Developing
39+360 40+100 Tsogeta Beseko
6 740 807591 502108 808207 502186 Kebele
Developing
44+800 46+000 Waji Asharige
7 1200 812681 502880 813553 503520 Kebele
Developing
50+200 51+200 Shunegoro,
8 1000 815723 506706 816618 507144 Kebele
Developing
57+800 59+800 Shunewachu
9 2000 822785 508828 824067 509058 Kebele
Developing
68+040 69+340 Koji Katara,
10 1300 828478 514804 829672 515295 Kebele

6.2.1.3 Topography
For the purpose of geometric design (design consistency), the design-builder shall propose terrain
classification along the selected route but needs the Employer’s Representative prior approval. If there
is any disagreement, ERA’s decision will be final.
The Contractor shall not rely on the physical description contained in this Section to identify all Project
components. The Contractor shall determine the full scope of the Project through thorough
examination of the Project Site and the contract, or as may be reasonably inferred from such
examination.
However, the project road lies predominantly in flat, rolling and some mountainous sections with limited
pockets escarpment section as shown in Table 6-5. Generally, following terrain classification with
locations of town and settlement sections reflects the route corridor, which needs to be verified during
detail design. The minimum length for classifying a terrain should be 500m; except Urban Sections.
Table 6-5: Terrain Classification Kofele – Kore – Bekoji(Koji Katara)
Kofele-Kore-Bekoji
Station Land Station Land
Length Terrain Length
No. Start End use o. Start End Terrain type use
(m) type (m)
Station Station type Station Station type
1 0+000 3+000 3000 Flat Urban 17 36+900 39+360 2460 rolling
2 3+000 4+100 1100 Flat Urban 18 39+360 40+100 740 rolling Urban
3 4+100 7+400 3300 Flat 19 40+100 41+600 1500 rolling
4 7+400 10+800 3400 Rolling 20 41+600 44+800 3200 Mountainous
5 10+800 11+300 500 Rolling Urban 21 44+800 45+100 300 Mountainous Urban
6 11+300 13+000 1700 Rolling 22 45+100 46+000 900 rolling Urban
7 13+000 18+500 5500 Flat 23 46+000 50+200 4200 rolling
8 18+500 20+700 2200 Rolling 24 50+200 51+200 1000 rolling Urban
9 20+700 22+200 1500 Rolling Urban 25 51+200 53+800 2600 rolling
10 22+200 25+200 3000 Flat Urban 26 53+800 57+800 4000 Mountainous
11 25+200 27+900 2700 Flat 27 57+800 59+300 1500 rolling Urban
12 27+900 28+500 600 Rolling 28 59+300 59+800 500 Mountainous Urban
13 28+500 29+800 1300 Rolling Urban 29 59+800 61+600 1800 Mountainous
Mounta-
29+800 30+600 Urban 61+600 63+600 rolling
14 800 inous 30 2000
15 30+600 32+800 2200 rolling 31 63+600 65+900 2300 Mountainous
16 32+800 36+900 4100 Flat 32 65+900 68+000 2100 rolling
33 68+040 69+340 1300 rolling Urban

Table 6-6: Terrain Classification Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction (Goljota)
Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction Road Project

Station
No. Start End Length(m) Terrain Landuse
Station Station
1 0+000 2+700 2700 Flat Urban
2 2+700 3+600 900 Rolling Urban
3 3+600 6+620 3020 Rolling
4 6+620 7+100 480 flat
5 7+100 7+920 820 flat Urban
6 7+920 8+100 180 Rolling Urban
7 8+100 9+200 1100 Rolling
8 9+200 10+000 800 Rolling Urban
9 10+000 11+200 1200 Rolling
10 11+200 12+100 900 Flat Urban
11 12+100 12+900 800 Rolling
12 12+900 13+400 500 Rolling Urban
13 13+400 13+900 500 Rolling
14 13+900 14+600 700 Rolling Urban
15 14+600 18+200 3600 Rolling
16 18+200 19+500 1300 Flat
17 19+500 20+160 660 Rolling
18 20+160 20+660 500 Rolling Urban
Note: The terrain classification shown above is determined using digital terrain model data only.
Hence, it should only be considered as indicative and the Design- Builder should conduct the
terrain classification based on actual topographic survey data.
6.2.1.4 Climate
The ITCZ influences the rainfall formation on Rift Valley basin where Kofele-Shire-Bekojie
Junction Road watersheds located respectively acts as a sub basin to this major river basin of
the country. Kofele and Bekojie stations are identified on the project roads and used to
characterize project climate features of Kofele-Shire-Bekojie road project.
Mean annual rainfall for Kofele and Bekojie stations are around 1170mm and 1080mm
respectively showing Weyna Dega Climate features.

Kofele Monthly Mean Rainfall

160
140
120
100
RF,mm
80
60
40
20
0
Months
Figure 6-1: Kofele station mean monthly rainfall data
Kofele Mean Monthly Temp

16
15.5
15
14.5
14
Temp
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
Months
Figure 6-2: Kofele station mean monthly Temperature
Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 10

Bokojie Mean Monthly Temp

16
14
12
10
8
Temp
6
4
2
0
Months
Figure 6-3: Bokojie station mean monthly rainfall data
Bokojie mean Monthly RF

250
200
RF,mm
150
100
50
0
Monhs
Figure 6-4: Bokojie station mean monthly Temperature
Rainfall pattern of the area depicts that, extended bimodal rainfall seasons for Kofele station
and unimodal but long and extended rainfall distribution to Bekojie station thereby creating
moist condition on the area.

Mean annual rainfall for Arsi Negele station is around 830mm showing Weyna Dega Climate
features.
Arsi negele Station RF

160
140
Rai fallmm)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Months
Figure 6-5:- Arsi Negele station mean monthly rainfall data
25 Mean Monthly Temp

20
Temp,0C
15
10
5
0
Month
Figure 6-6:- Arsi Negele station mean monthly Temperature
Rainfall pattern of the area depicts that, extended rainfall period with appreciable amount from
February to October tend to prevail thereby contributing moisture to the area. Highest mean
monthly rainfall value recorded on the month of July. Mean monthly temperature value varies
from 15.8 0C to 19.20C.
This information, however, is indicative only and the Contractor is responsible for acquiring and
interpreting the project climatic information during bidding.

6.2.1.5 Scope of the Service

The Contractor shall not rely on the physical description contained in this Section to identify all
project components. The Contractor shall determine the full scope of the Project through
examination of the contract and the Project Site, or as may be reasonably inferred from such
examination.
The project will compromise:
 Alternatives Route Assessment and Route Selection
 Designing and constructing of the roadway and any necessary structures.
 Upgrading the existing as well as designing and constructing new alignment (if there is
any) section of the route to DC5, Asphalt Concrete Standard as per the final contract
agreement.
 Designing and constructing culverts or upgrading existing structures to meet the
required standard.
 Designing and constructing Paved Roadways.
 Designing and constructing Retaining Walls.
 Pavement Marking, installing guardrails and guideposts and erecting Traffic Signs.
 And other necessary works to meet the Employer’s requirement.
6.2.1.6 Items of work
The works shall consist of Alternatives Route Assessment (at least three routes) and Route
Selection, furnishing all design, plans, documentation, equipment, materials, labor and
incidentals necessary to successfully complete the project in compliance with the contract
provisions. The Contractor for this project shall perform, as minimum, the primary items of work
listed below. This list is not all-inclusive and the Contractor shall be responsible for identifying
all items of work and executing them according to the design and specifications to meet the
Employer’s Requirement.
Design work Items:
 Route Selection
 Topographic Survey
 Geotechnical investigation
 Geometric Design
 Junction Design
 Pavement Design
 Bridge Design
 Culvert (Pipe/Box/Slab) Design
 Side Drains design
 Under Drain Design

 Retaining Wall Design

 Permanent Signs Design
 Pavement Marking Design
 Roads Safety Audit
 Design of Protection Works such as guard rails, gabions, grassing, etc
 Quality management program of implementation
 Design Documents
 Record drawings of as Built plans
Construction work Items:
 Construction of the roadway to DC5 standard (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design
Standard) and as modified in this Employer’s Requirements, including walkways in
Woreda seats and Kebele Seats and extra paved shoulders in Kebele seats, if any, in
accordance with the Typical drawings thereof and in line with their master plan.
 Rehabilitate or reconstruction of about 500m asphalt road including new construction of
walkway from 0+000(X=464073, Y=812829), to (X=463571 Y=812854)the main road
of Adiss Ababa to Shashmeni keeping the existing road Geometry.
 Demolishing and removal of substandard structures such as pipe, slab and box culverts,
bailey bridge, Fords and Vented Causeways, if any
 Constructing new Bridges and culverts (pipes/slab/box culverts as required)
 Clearing and maintaining the existing structures, if any, and improving their flow direction
 Constructing under drains wherever deemed necessary
 Constructing surface drains
 Constructing surface drains on benches
 Constructing Asphalt Concrete, Pavement
 Constructing Shoulders
 Constructing Retaining Walls, Gabions, and other road protection works
 Pavement Markings and Erecting Traffic Signs, Guide Posts, Km Posts, Guard Rails
 Construction of speed humps and strips where ever necessary
 Construction of Round About wherever necessary
 Constructing other ancillary works as required
 Constructing detour/diversion Roads to manage traffic as deemed necessary
 Reinstatement of used quarries, borrow and any other sites

6.2.2 Standards and Design References

The design and construction work shall be performed in accordance with the following
standards, specifications or Reference Documents. If a specific standard, specification or
Reference document is not listed herein, the Employer’s Representative shall identify the
pertinent standards, specifications or Reference Documents to the Design-Builder. The Design-
Builder must meet the minimum roadway standards and criteria.
Minimum design standards of criteria can only be utilized upon approval of the Employer’s
Representative.
 ERA Route Selection Manual (2013)

 ERA Site Investigation Manual (2013)
 ERA Geotechnical Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Geometric Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Pavement Design Manual Volume I Flexible Pavements (2013)
 ERA Pavement Design Manual Volume II Rigid Pavements (2013)
 ERA Pavement Rehabilitation and Asphalt Overlay Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Drainage Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Bridge Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Low Volume Roads Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Standard Technical Specifications and Methods of Measurement for Road Works
(2013)
 ERA Standard Drawings (2013)
 ERA Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing (2013)
 ERA Environmental and Social Management Manual (two volumes) 2008(Latest
Version)
Where the aforesaid codes, standards and specifications are silent on any aspect, the latest
versions of the under listed standards in the order of preference shall be adopted, unless
otherwise directed by ERA/Employer’s Representative.
I. American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO)
II. American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
III. British Standards (BS)
IV. Any other standard proposed by the Contractor and approved by ERA
6.2.3 Project Conceptual Designs
The Design-Builder shall develop the Project design so as to meet all the requirements of the
Contract Documents. The Employer has carried out a concept design by engaging Beles
Consulting Engineers PLC and it is provided as a rudimentary guide and recommended only to
a limited level.

If the Design-Builder adopts the Conceptual Design as the basis from which it will design the
Project, the Design-Builder is responsible for:
 Ensuring that the resulting design meets the requirements as specified in the Contract
Documents.
 Assuming full responsibility for any project requirements as per this provision arising
from using the Conceptual Designs as the basis of the Project design and construction.
 The design- Builder is responsible for all design elements he adapted from the concept
design and can’t raise any claim or issues in relation to any information from the Concept
design.
 The client will not take any responsibility and warranty for any claim the Designer-Builder
raises in relation of the Concept design.
6.2.4 Reference Information
As a general reference, the Employer provides the information appended in PART-D:
Supplementary Information. The Employer does not guarantee its correctness, and the
Contractor can’t make any claim based on the information provided.
The following shall apply with regard to the background information:
a) No Liability: Except as expressly provided for in the Contract Agreement, the Employer shall
not be liable based on the information provide and the Contractor shall not seek to recover
from the Employer for damages, losses, costs, liabilities or expenses which may arise from
the adoption, use or application of background information, including drawings, reports
(including environmental, geotechnical, or highways reports or assessments), studies, data,
documents, or other information given or made available to the Contractor by the Employer.
b) No Warranty: Except as expressly provided for in the Contract Agreement, the Employer
does not give any warranty in respect of any background information, and the Employer shall
not be liable to the Contractor for a failure due to (i) disclose any information, documents or
data to Contractor, (ii) review or update the background information, and (iii) inform the
Contractor of any inaccuracy, error, omission defect or inadequacy related thereto.
c) No Claims: The Contractor shall not make any claim for damages, for extensions of time, or
for additional payments under the Contract against the Employer on the grounds of; (i) any
misunderstanding or misinterpretation in respect of the background information (ii) the
background information was incorrect or insufficient.
6.3 General Requirements

6.3.1 Contract Duration
The Design-Builder shall establish the contract duration for the subject project. In no event shall
the contract duration exceed 1095 calendar days, including mobilization period of 120 calendar
days. The Contract Duration also includes 365 Calendar Days of Defects Liability Period plus

three (4) years warranty period after the End of the Defect Liability Period. The schedule
supporting the proposed contract duration shall be submitted by the Design-Builder with the
Post-Qualification Application
6.3.2 Project Schedule
The Contractor shall submit a project schedule in hard and soft copies to establish contract
duration as per the conditions of the contract. The minimum of activities shall be those listed
below:
 Anticipated Award Date

 Design Survey
 Design Submittals
 Design Review by ERA/Employer’s Representative
 Design Review/Acceptance Milestones
 Geotechnical Investigation
 Construction Mobilization
 Start of Construction
 Traffic Management
 Clearing and Grubbing
 Embankment Construction
 Roadway Design
 Roadway Construction
 Sub Base Construction
 Crushed Rock Base Construction
 AC Pavement Construction
 Shoulder Construction (SST)
 Foundation Design
 Foundation Construction
 Substructure Design
 Substructure Construction
 Superstructure Design
 Superstructure Construction
 Design of Minor Drainage Structures (Culverts and Side Drains)
 Construction of Minor Drainage Structures (Culverts and Side Drains)
 Retaining Wall Design
 Retaining Wall Construction

 Signs and Pavement Marking Design

 Signs and Pavement Marking Construction
 Environmental management activities including erosion control
 Additional Construction Milestones as determined by the Design-Builder
 Reinstatement of used quarries, borrows and other lands requiring restoration
 Final Completion Date for All work
The Design-Builder schedule should allow for a twenty-one (21) working days’ review time for
ERA’s/ Employer’s Representative for review of the design submittals. However, the Employer’s
Representative has the right to give comments at any time before the construction if he found
any discrepancy between the design and the Employer’s Requirement. The review period
commences upon the Employer’s Representative/ERA’s receipt of the valid submittal or re-
submittal and terminates upon the transmittal of the submittal back to the Design-Builder.
ERA’s/Employer’s Representative review is not meant to be a complete and detailed review,
and shall not absolve the Design-Builder’s obligation under the contract.
The design submittals should be labeled accordingly as “Draft” and “Final” Design Submittals
separately. Final signed plans will be delivered to ERA/Employer’s Representative a minimum
of 10 working days prior to construction of that component.
ERA/Employer’s Representative will sign and stamp “Released for construction”. Only stamped
plans are valid and all work that Contractor performs in advance of ERA’s/Employer’s
Representative’s release of Plans will be at the Design-Builder’s risk. However, ERA/Employer’s
Representative has right to give comments even after the construction if there is any
discrepancy between the Employer’s Requirement and the Design as well as if it doesn’t serve
for the intended purpose.
The Software requirement for all schedules shall be recent version of Microsoft Project
Planner/Primavera Project Planner.
6.3.3 Key Personnel/Staffing
The Design-Builder’s work shall be performed and directed by key personnel identified in the
bid submitted by the Design-Builder. Any changes in the indicated personnel shall be subject to
review and approval by ERA/Employer’s Representative. In case the Design-Builder outsources
the design task to a professional design firm, the firm to render these services shall not be
affiliated with the Employer or the Employer’s Representative and the Employer’s
Representative shall be requested by the Contractor to give his no objection. The designers of
the professional firm shall comply with the minimum requirements set in the bidding documents.
Despite the outsourcing, the Design-Builder is solely responsible for all issues of the design and
fully accountable for all errors caused by the professional design firm. And the Contractor shall
provide qualified technical staffs for the Contract in the site.
6.3.4 Meetings and Progress Reporting
The Design-Builder shall anticipate periodic meetings with the Employer’s Personnel and other
bodies as required for resolution of design and/or construction issues.

During construction, the Design-Builder shall meet with Employer’s Representative on a weekly
basis and provide a one-week look ahead for activities to be performed during the coming week.
The Design-Builder shall, on monthly basis, provide written reports to the Employer’s
Representative that describe the items of concern and the work performed in comparison with
the plan on each task for that particular month.
The Design-Builder shall:
 Plan and schedule weekly meetings with the Employer’s Representative to discuss
Project progress, issues, and planned Work for all phases of design and construction.
 Shall develop the meeting agenda and shall provide meeting facilities.
Whenever there is any joint meeting, recording the minutes of meeting is the responsibility of
the Employer’s Representative.
6.3.5 Employer’s Representative Facilities
The design builder shall provide to the Engineer temporary facilities starting from the
commencement of the works contract until the permanent Employer’s representative facilities
is established to a maximum of 6 months, site offices and laboratory which have been fully fitted,
furnished and equipped to the approval of the Engineer; and suitable vehicles, including all
operating costs. This may include but not limited office and laboratory rent, office and laboratory
equipment, stationary materials, cleaning services and communication radio to the satisfaction
of the Engineer. Moreover, the Design builder shall provide Communication Radio for the
Engineer's supervisory staff from the commencement of the service. The Design-Builder shall
provide fully equipped and furnished accommodations as specified in this section, for the
Employers’ representative from the start of the seventh month of the commencement of the
service. The accommodation shall include the necessary permanent facilities such as housing,
offices, laboratory, transportation, surveying equipment for the supervisory staffs, furniture,
equipment, as well as the provision of all services required.
The Design-Builder shall provide office and equipment as specified in this section. This shall
include providing a common location for Contractor staff and ERA/Employer’s Representative
staff. All Design-Builder staff including administration, design and construction staff offices shall
be located along the Road Project except that construction staff may be located in field offices
located on the Project site.
The Design-Builder shall make its proposed facilities available for inspection and approval by
ERA/Employer’s Representative prior to ERA/Employer’s Representative occupying any
Design-Builder provided facilities. Both parties shall participate in a facility condition inspection
prior to and at the completion of occupancy.
The Design-Builder shall secure site, install, set up and provide utility services and maintain the
facilities as part of the work.
In the event that office or appurtenant facilities are stolen, destroyed, or damaged during the
work, the Contractor shall bear the cost of repairing or replacing those items provided to their
original condition within ten working days except for those reasons beyond the Contractor’s
control (force majeure).

The Design-Builder has to provide temporary facility starting from commencement of the works
contract until the permanent Employer’s Representative facility is established to a maximum of
six (6) months’ period. In the event that If the Contractor fails to provide the permanent housing
and surveying equipment (facilities) to Engineer’s staff within the time frame, the Employer will
deduct from any monies due to Contractor and pay to the Engineer as per the consultant’s rate
quoted for provision of these facilities by Increasing the quantity equal to the quantity of
permanent Engineers’ facilities until such time the Contractor provides the permanent housing
and surveying equipment. As penalty, the Employer has the right to hold 2% of the interim
payment until the amount reaches 2% of the contract price and shall be released as the
contractor substantially supplies the facilities as required in the contract.
6.3.5.1 Project Office
The project office shall be located along the Project route. The selected site shall be approved
by ERA/Employer’s Representative before the commencement of the establishment of the
project office. The Design-Builder shall provide his offices adjacent to Employer’s
Representative Staff Offices to facilitate communication. The Design-Builder shall furnish
ERA/Employer’s Representative’s office with facilities that are indicated in Appendix A.
6.3.5.2 Laboratory
Fully furnished laboratory, as per the requirement of this section, will be provided by the Design-
Builder for the sole use of the Employer’s Representative on the site approved by the
Employer/Employer’s Representative which is in close proximity to the Contractor’s offices and
laboratories.
The Design-Builder shall provide site laboratory for the exclusive use of the Employer’s
Representative, furnished with the minimum equipment listed in Appendix A of this document.
If required for the progress of the works, the Employer’s Representative may instruct the Design-
Builder to provide any additional equipment, which is deemed necessary, at the cost of the
Design-Builder.
6.3.6 Route Assessment and Selection
6.3.6.1 Background
In this regard, the Contractor in conjunction with the Employer’s Representative shall identify
and analyze in detail the route assessment during design and construction stage and come up
with best route that shall address the public interest as well as which will result in better terrain
and environmental condition.
Generally, the Contractor shall assess the project area thoroughly and carryout route
assessments and selection work by presenting at least three alternative options to select a route
passing through the control points. It is usually the most crucial stage of project, when decisions
are made that are fundamental to achieving an alignment that can be constructed and
maintained with least cost, minimum instability problems and tolerable social and environmental
impact.

6.3.6.2 Route Selection

The Design-Builder shall first carryout route location work by presenting at least three alternative
options to select a route passing through the control points. In recommending the preferred
route, the Design-Builder shall compare the alternative routes in terms of Engineering, Socio-
Economic, Environmental and Administrative aspects.
The selected route shall be first approved by ERA before proceeding to the detail topographic
surveying work. The Contractor shall involve stakeholders within reasonable time to avoid
unnecessary delay during route selection, design and construction. The selected route shall be
accepted among all the local administrative units (i.e. Region, Zone Woreda and Stakeholders)
in the project area and corresponding minutes of meeting regarding the same shall be submitted
together with the final route selection report.
The Design-Builder shall carry out the route survey/field investigation with a team of
professionals consisting of Highway Engineer, Materials Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer,
Hydrologist, Surveyor, Structural Engineer Environmentalist and Personnel from the local
administrations and stakeholders.
During the survey, the following information shall be collected:
 Terrain classification;
 The location of topographical constraints, such as cliffs, gorges, ravines, rock out crops,
and any other features not identified by the desk study;
 Steepness of the slopes and limiting slope angles identified from natural and artificial
slopes (cutting for paths, agricultural terraces and existing trails/tracks in the region);
 Slope stability and the location of previous landslides;
 Rock types, geological structures, dip orientations, rock strength and rip ability;
 Percentage of rock in excavations;
 Materials sources, availability and distribution;
 Water sources;
 Soil types (identification of poor/unsuitable roadbed materials and swamp areas)
 Soil erosion and soil erosiveness;
 Slope drainage and groundwater conditions;
 Drainage stability and the location of shifting channels and bank erosion;
 Land use and its likely effect on drainage, especially through irrigation;
 Likely foundation conditions for major structures;
 Approximate bridge spans and the sizing and frequency of culverts;
 Flood levels and river training/protection requirements;
 Environmental considerations, including lake watershed management systems, lake
buffer zones, forest resources, land use impacts and socio-economic considerations;

 Verify the accuracy of the information collected during the desk study;
 The possibility of using any existing road alignments including local realignment
improvements;
 Information on the physical accessibility to bridge sites and the proposed corridors,
including the geomorphology of drainage basins, soil characteristics, slopes, vegetation,
erosion and scouring;
 Demographic and settlement pattern which includes population size and characteristics,
density, towns, villages and market centres, employment, income level and socio-
cultural aspects of the people within the route corridor of 5 to 10 km on either side of the
project road.
 Socio-economic situations which will identify existing and potential socio-economic
activities in the area based on sample survey on selected representative areas.
 Transport situations including transport pattern, available facilities, vehicles and
services, accessibility problems, and hidden demand for mobility in the route corridor.
 Environmental conditions which includes scope of influence, any relevant environmental
characteristics of the route corridor.
The Design-Builder shall familiarize himself with the relevant policies and legal frameworks, and
present brief description of the relevant environmental policies and guidelines, legal and
institutional frameworks within which the project shall be implemented. The policies and
proclamations will include the Environmental policy of Ethiopia, conservation strategies at
federal and regional level, EIA proclamations, proclamations on preservation and protection of
cultural and historical heritages and religious establishments, land use and administration
proclamations, proclamations on preservation and use of forest resources, etc.
The following, but not limited to, shall be carried out in the route selection process.
 The Design-Builder shall make brief discussion of the project and on the activities to be
undertaken, sites to be occupied temporarily by the project and to be developed for
ancillary works.
 The Design-Builder shall conduct assessment of baseline environmental conditions,
including examination of the overall site environmental conditions. Such assessments
include but not limited to existing land use /land cover, sites of cultural, historical and
archaeological resources, dense forests and wildlife habitat etc. Assess also
downstream road side environmental conditions like; sensitive heritages, wetlands and
water bodies, crop fields, erosion prone sites, settlement sites, spring water sources etc.
 The Design–Builder shall identify at least three possible alternative routes; carry out
thorough and detail investigation of the route corridor environmental conditions for all
proposed alternative route alignments;
 The route to be selected should as far as possible not conflict with the demarcated
Heritage sites and those sites that are suspected to have potential archeological
resource sites (if any).

 The route selection for the road alignment will be done in collaboration and with full
involvement of the local administration and other relevant stakeholders.
 The Design-Builder shall carry out the necessary investigations to identify the location
of all heritage sites, houses and properties, existing public utilities, sacred places like
churches, mosques and burial places, within the right-of-way and include in the report
accurate records of such findings and present to the Employer.
 The route to be selected should as far as possible not conflict with the lake buffer zone
and those sites that are reserved due to lake preservation.
 The Design-Builder shall conduct detailed assessment and impacts analyses of the
selected route alignment.
 The Design-Builder shall analyse the likely impacts of the project based on the baseline
environmental condition assessment, and proposes mitigation measures to be
undertaken for adverse impacts in the and enhancement measures for positive impacts.
During the site inspection the team shall examine all alternatives. This information shall be
combined with the results of the desk study to determine the most appropriate alternative route.
The Design-Builder shall consider the Engineering, the Socio-Economic, Environmental and
Administrative parameters in the selection and evaluation of the alternatives route
alignments/corridor. If there exists any anticipated geotechnical problem on the alternatives
routes, detail risk analysis shall be carried out and these shall be presented in the route selection
report.
6.4 Topographic Survey and Construction Staking

6.4.1 General
The Contractor shall conduct all work necessary to meet the requirements associated with land
surveying including horizontal and vertical control surveys, topographic surveys, right-of-way
surveys, design survey, construction surveys, and all other land surveying services necessary
to complete the project in an accurate, neat and timely fashion.
6.4.2 Mandatory Standards and Reference Publications
6.4.2.1 General
The Contractor shall use the following manuals during the planning and implementation of the
survey works. This is not a comprehensive list and other publications may be required to
complete all design and construction elements. Additional publications may be used upon the
approval of Employer’s Representative.
 ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Manual

 ERA’s 2013 Bridge Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Geotechnical Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Pavement Design Manuals

 ERA’s 2013 Route Selection Manual

 ERA’s 2013 Site Investigation Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road
Works
 ERA’s 2013 Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Drawings
 ERA Environmental and Social Management Manual (two volumes) 2008 (Latest
Version)
 Approved Design Drawings of the Project
If a specific Standard, Specification or Reference Document is not listed herein, the Employer’s
Representative shall identify the pertinent Standard, Specification or Reference Document to
the Contractor.
6.4.2.2 Conflicts & Priority
If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to the standard with the highest priority. The
Contractor shall also use the most current version of each listed standard.
6.4.2.3 Ambiguity
If there is any vagueness in standards, the Contractor shall request for clarification of any
ambiguity or conflict from ERA/Employer’s Representative before proceeding with design or
construction. ERA’s interpretation and decision shall be final.
6.4.3 Design and/or Construction Criteria
6.1.1.1 Design Survey Work

The Contractor shall carry out detailed ground survey along the length of the proposed project
road using the most up-to-date surveying equipment such as total station, GPS, to examine the
road alignment and cross section and any bridge sites and culvert sites that are considered
necessary to complete the detailed design and the estimation of quantities.
The centerline shall then be set out, leveled, cross-sectioned and benchmarks established. The
coordinates of all intersection points shall be tied to the National Survey Grid, and levels related
to the National Benchmarks.
The Contractor shall establish a paired (coupled) inter-visible Horizontal control points (GPS) at
least 100m apart from each other. The control points shall be placed with a maximum spacing
of 3Km interval. The location of these Control Points shall be determined by reviewing existing
topographic maps and site conditions of the project route.
a. The monument for each Control Point shall be die-stamped in the field; the Contractor
shall provide a standard canopy drawing to ERA/Employer’s Representative for approval
before the establishment of the control points.
b. The Design-Builder shall maintain an accuracy level of 10mm+5ppm for the (x, y)
coordinates of all the control points.

The vertical control points shall be referenced in the field on permanent concrete posts with an
interval of at least 300m (and in interval of less than 300m for those locations requiring additional
control points due to complex terrain type) and shall be shown on the plan and profile drawings
in addition to the list of benchmarks to be provided on a separate sheet accompanied by a photo
of each control point and bench mark. The Contractor shall establish at least two setting-out
benchmarks at each bridge or major culvert site, will be located away from areas to be disturbed
by the construction activities.
Differential level methods shall be used to establish elevations for the vertical Control Points.
The closing error of a leveled circuit shall not exceed ±√K cm in height difference between the
forward and reverse leveling of successive permanent survey stations. K is a distance in Km
between two consecutive benchmarks.
Along the whole road route a detailed topographic survey with sufficient points for creating
dense triangulation model shall be carried out. The centerline of the road will be defined every
20 meters interval. Topographical cross-sections, extending at least 30 meters either side of the
centerline, will be taken at each of the centerline reference points.
Major drainage location which requires bridges and multiple spans slab/box culverts shall be
identified during desk study on the maps and reconnaissance site visits by hydrologist, the
location shall be given to the surveyors to carry out detail topographic survey.
Detailed surveys shall be carried out at all bridges and minor drainage structure sites, with a
typical band width of 200 – 400m which will extend to about 100 – 200 meters on either side of
the axis of the structure and depending on the nature of the channel 50 – 100meters on either
side of river or stream. Detailed investigations shall also be carried out at areas identified
susceptible to flooding and landslides in order to incorporate in the design preventive measures
for their occurrence. Topographical maps shall be produced at those locations showing contour
lines at 1-meter interval, as well as details of the structures or bridges surveyed.
The format of delivery of ground data to the Employer’s Representative will be agreed with the
Employer’s Representative in advance of commencing the survey, but will be expected to be
required in electronic format, recorded on compact disk, compatible with the road alignment
design software provided for the use of the Employer’s Representative. Notwithstanding, the
Contractor shall deliver ground data for the first 1 kilometer of road surveyed, to the Employer’s
Representative, for his examination and approval. If the data does not conform to the
Employer’s Representative requirements, then it will be adjusted by the Contractor to conform
to those requirements, and the required format shall be adhered to for all further deliveries of
data.
All topographical surveys undertaken by the Contractor shall be to acceptable international
standards for such works, and after approval by ERA/Employer’s Representative, shall be
recorded in standard or electronic survey field books, which shall become the property of ERA
upon the completion of the project.
The Contractor shall provide all survey data to the Employer’s Representative for review. Any
discrepancy found in the data provided shall be corrected by the Contractor. The Contractor
shall be responsible for this additional rectification field survey work at his own cost.

6.1.1.2 Construction Surveying

(a) General
The Contractor shall be responsible for all survey works necessary to complete the work. All
survey control data, calculations, surveying and measuring required for setting and maintaining
the necessary lines and grades shall be the Contractor’s responsibility.
Detailed survey records shall be maintained, including a description of the work performed on
each day, the methods utilized and control points used. The record shall be adequate to allow
the survey to be reproduced. This record shall include graphic notes depicting control points
used and relationship to other control points or reference points, description, coordinates and
location. Benchmarks and Temporary benchmarks shall also have graphic notes depicting
description, elevation, coordinates and location. The Survey Manager shall provide a copy of
each day’s record to ERA or the Employer’s Representative when requested within three
calendar days.
(b) Construction Stakes, Lines and Grades
1. The Contractor shall perform the necessary calculations and staking work which shall
include but not limited to:
 Re-establish survey point and centrelines
 Reference control points, when necessary
 Run a level circuit to check or re-establish plan benchmarks
 Set stakes for construction limits, right-of-way, drainage items, slopes, pavement
structure, embankment and sub grade controls, bridge control points for vertical and
horizontal alignment of all components, and any other stakes necessary to control lines
and grades
2. Furnish all stakes, templates, straightedges, and other devices necessary to check, mark,
and maintain points, lines and grades
3. Run level circuits to verify benchmarks the full length of the road construction project. On
bridges, establish four benchmarks, two on each side of each structure unless physical
conditions prohibit placement.
4. Maintain orderly and clear field notes in standard field notebook consistent with standard
engineering practice
 Use standard field books consistent with those customarily used by the construction
industry
 Allow ERA/Employer’s Representative to inspect these field books at any time
 The books become ERA’s property once work is completed
5. Correct any errors at the Contractor’s own cost

6. Assume any responsibility for final accuracy of construction

6.4.4 Performance Requirement

The Contractor shall establish, locate and carryout detailed survey activities for the project. The
Contractor shall designate a Survey Manager for the project. The Survey Manager shall manage
all survey activities associated with the project and shall be responsible for directing and
reviewing all survey work and be the point of contact for all survey activities.
6.4.5 Submittals/Deliverables
All submittals shall be submitted in draft form to ERA/Employer’s Representative for review and
compliance with the Contract Document and the standards referenced herein. Comments
submitted by ERA/Employer’s Representative shall be addressed by the Contractor to the
satisfaction of ERA/Employer’s Representative. Final versions of deliverables shall be signed
and sealed by a Senior Surveyor.
The following types of document shall be submitted to ERA/Employer’s Representative:
 Survey Records: It shall be delivered in hardcopy format and also in electronic file
format. The electronic format shall be in ASCII, DGN, DWG, or DXF format. They shall
be delivered at the time of substantial completion unless requested by ERA or
Employer’s Representative at an earlier time.
 As Built: The Contractor shall produce reports documenting the location of the as-built
alignments, profiles, drainage structure locations, and survey control monuments
placements. These reports shall include descriptive statements for survey methods used
to determine the as-built location of the features being surveyed. The Contractor as-built
data shall include the coordinate types (x, y and/or z) and feature codes in the format
acceptable to ERA. The submission shall be in three hard copies and one soft copy CD
ROM.
6.5 Roadway and Geometric Design

6.5.1 General
Design and construct the roadways in accordance with the requirements of this section,
including referenced standards and publications, performance requirements, design and
construction criterion, and required submittals. The roadway design shall be done with a view
of delivering acceptable and fit for the purposes design for the road users and avoids any
disruption to people living alongside of the road. The design shall provide sufficient solutions to
problems that may arise in relation to terrain condition, in particular in town/village sections the
geometric design must consider accessibility.
6.5.2 Performances Requirements

The Design-Builder shall provide the engineering services required to furnish the work products
identified in the contract. The service includes the tasks of data acquisition and preparation,
data interpretation, and design of construction documents. The design and construction
documents shall be prepared by (or under the direction of) professional Highway Engineer. The
Contractor shall design all roadway geometrics including horizontal alignment, vertical

alignment, cross section elements, super elevation, junctions and transitions all in accordance
with the design criteria of this section.
The Design-Builder shall design and construct the Project to meet the following requirements.
1. Maintain a safe environment for road users and give special consideration to winding,
potentially hazardous conditions.
2. Design a roadway meeting the requirements of DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design
Standard) as indicated in this section and the modifications thereof, The work also includes
the Design and construction of minor and major drainage structures.
3. Design and Construct Junctions as per the requirements of ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design
Manual.
4. The Design-Builder shall coordinate and ensure that the project design accommodates and
allows for the design of technically and environmentally sound project.

6.5.3.1 General
Design and construct the roadway in accordance with the requirements of the standards listed
below in the order of priority.
 ERA’s 2013 Route Selection Manual

 ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road
Works
 ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Bridge Design Manual
 American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO), Latest
Version.
6.5.3.2 Conflicts & Priority

If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to the standard with the highest priority.
6.5.3.3 Ambiguity
If there is any vagueness in standards, obtain clarification from ERA/Employer’s Representative
before proceeding with design or construction. ERA’s decision shall be final.

6.5.4 Design Criteria

The Contractor shall conduct all work necessary to complete the design and construction of the
road geometry in coordination with all other elements of work required for the project.
The Contractor shall design and construct the road to a DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric
Design Standard) standard as modified and indicated in the Table below and in ERA’s 2013
Geometric Design Manual supplemented by the Mandatory Standards as depicted above.
6.5.4.1 Geometric Parameters for Design Class DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric
Design Standard)
Table 6-7: Geometric Design Parameters
Urban/ Peri-
Design Element Unit Flat Rolling Mountainous Escarpment
Urban
Design Speed Km/hr 85 70 60 50(3) 50

Width of Running As per typical
m 7.0
Surface sections given in
Width of Shoulders m 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 Appendix B
Minimum g=0% m 155 110 85 65 65
Stopping g=5% m 175 120 90 70 70
Sight
Distance g=10% m 205 140 105 75 75
Min. Passing Sight
m 330 270 230 180 180
Distance(2)
Min. SE=4% m 350 215 145 95(3) 95
Horizontal SE=6% m 310 195 135 85(3)
Curve
Radius SE=8% m 280 175 120 80(3) -
Transition Curves
Yes Yes No No No
Required
Maximum Gradient
% 4 6 8 8 7
(Desirable)
Maximum Gradient
% 6 8 10(4) 10(4) 9
(Absolute)
Minimum Gradient % 0.5(5) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Maximum Super-
% 8 8 8 8 4
elevation

Urban/ Peri-
Design Element Unit Flat Rolling Mountainous Escarpment
Urban
Minimum Crest
K 55 30 17 10 10
Vertical Curve(1)
Minimum Sag
K 18 12 9 7 7
Vertical Curve
Normal Cross fall % 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Shoulder Cross fall % 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5
Right of Way m 50 50 50 50 50
Notes:
1. These Values are based on an object height of 0.2m. Use of a different sized object
requires ERA approval.
2. To abort passing maneuver.
3. The design speed on escarpments may be dictated by the severity of the terrain
and the curve radius (plus curve widening) that can be achieved on the hairpin
bends.
4. Length not to exceed 400m and relief gradients required (≤ 6% for minimum of 150
to 200m).
5. In some circumstances, in very flat terrain this can be reduced to 0.30%.
Other considerations in designing of the project road include the following points:
Table 6-8: Slope Ratio Table – Vertical to Horizontal
Height of Side Slope (V:H)

Material Type Back Slope
Slope
Cut Fill (Note 5)
0.0 m-1.0 m 1:3 1:3
Earth Soil/ Decomposed rock/
Colluvial materials (Note 1) 1.0 m-2.0 m 1:2 1:2
Over 2.0 m 2:3 2:3
0.0 m-2.0 m 4:5 2:1
Sound and Intact Rock (Note 2)
Over 2.0 m 1:2 1:1 4:1
0.0 m-2.0 m 2:3 2:1
Weathered Rock (Note 3)
Over 2.0 m 1:1 3:1
Black-cotton (expansive clay) 0.0 m-2.0 m 1:6 -

(Note 4) Over 2.0 m 1:4 -
Note

(1) When the cut depth is greater than 7m, provide back slope of 1(V):1(H)
in combination with minimum bench of 3m wide at 7m vertical interval to
ensure the stability of the slope. Provide lower bench, with width of 3m at
cut depth of 2m.
in combination with minimum bench of 2m wide at 15m vertical interval
to ensure the stability of the slope.
in combination with minimum bench of 3m wide at 10m vertical interval
to ensure the stability of the slope.
(4) Move ditch away from fill at least 4m
(5) Fill benching shall be provided as shown on the typical drawing where
the ground cross fall exceeds 20% to protect the fill material from sliding
and increase the bondage between the ground and the fill material.
Note: The above recommended side and back slope ratio shall be used as a guide only, particularly,
because applicable standards in rock cuts are highly dependent on environments impacts. Also certain
soil slopes that may be present at subgrade level may be unstable at 1:2 side slopes, therefore, a higher
standard will need to be applied for these soils. Slope configuration and treatments in areas with identified
slope stability problems should be addressed on specific finding obtained during construction stage.
Any amendment on side back slopes shall be approved by ERA and additional cost due to changes in
the provision shall be borne by the Design Builder. However, if the change of the slopes gives a reduction
in construction costs the Employer will be entitled to the saved amount.
6.5.4.2 Typical road cross section
While designing road cross sections, the Contractor should consider the typical road cross sections
attached as Appendix B-1 of this Employer’s Requirement.
Table 6-9: Town Sections and Proposed length
Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction Road Project

Station Total widths for both sides
Length Shoulder/ Town/ Typical
No. Start End Carriage- Parking Median
(Km) Walkway Villages section
Station Station way (m) (m) (m)
(m)
1 0+000 3+600 3.60 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.50 Arsi Negel Woreda seat
2 7+100 8+100 1.00 7.00 5.00 serba Kebele Seat
Cherechertu
3 9+200 10+000 0.80 7.00 5.00 kebele Kebele Seat

4 11+200 12+100 0.90 7.00 5.00 Chire Kebele Seat

Meseno Developing
5 12+900 13+400 0.50 7.00 5.00 5.00 Sefere Kebele
Rural foot
path/
Approach to
6 13+400 13+900 0.50 7.00 5.00 Sogido Kebele Seat
Developing
7 13+900 14+600 0.70 7.00 5.00 5.00 Sogido Kebele
8 20+160 20+660 0.50 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.50 Goljoitta Woreda seat
Kofele-Kore-Bekoji
Station Total widths for both sides
Length Shoulder/ Town/ Typical
No. Start End Carriage- Parking Median
(m) Walkway Villages section
Station Station way (m) (m) (m)
(m)
1 0+000 3+000 3.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.50 Kofele Woreda seat
Developing
3+000 4+100 1.10 Kofele
2 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
Developing
10+800 11+300 0.50 Gobe Village
3 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
4 20+700 25+200 4.50 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.50 Kore Woreda seat
Developing
28+500 30+600 2.10 Shire
5 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
Tsogeta Developing
39+360 40+100 0.74
6 7.00 5.00 5.00 Beseko Kebele
Waji Developing
44+800 46+000 1.20
7 7.00 5.00 5.00 Asharige Kebele
Developing
50+200 51+200 1.00 Shunegoro,
8 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
Developing
57+800 59+800 2.00 Shunewachu
9 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
Developing
68+040 69+340 1.30 Koji Katara,
10 7.00 5.00 5.00 Kebele
The Woreda and Kebele Towns’ limits, the stretches and the chain-ages shown above are indicative only.
However, Detail kebeles and Woreda towns limit demarcation shall be done jointly with the Employer’s
Representative and woreda and kebeles administration bodies at the time of design/construction and if
there is any ambiguity ERA’s decision will be final.

6.5.4.3 Phasing of horizontal and vertical alignment

The following major considerations in phasing of horizontal and vertical alignment as extracted
from AASHTO Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, shall be considered:
 Sharp horizontal curvature should not be introduced at or near the top of a pronounced crest
vertical curve. This condition is undesirable because the driver may not perceive the horizontal
change in alignment, especially at night. The disadvantages of this arrangement are avoided
if the horizontal curvature leads the vertical curvature (i.e., the horizontal curve is made longer
than the vertical curve). Suitable designs can also be developed by using design values well
above the appropriate minimum values for the design speed.
 Somewhat related to the preceding guideline, sharp horizontal curvature should not be
introduced near the bottom of a steep grade approaching or near the low point of a
pronounced sag vertical curve. Because the view of the road ahead is foreshortened, any
horizontal curvature other than a very flat curve assumes an undesirable distorted
appearance. Further, vehicle speeds, particularly for trucks, are often high at the bottom of
grades, and erratic operations may result, especially at night.
 For two-lane roads and streets like the project road, the need for passing sections at
frequent intervals and including an appreciable percentage of the length of the roadway
often supersedes the general guidelines for combinations of horizontal and vertical
alignment. In such cases, it is appropriate to work toward long tangent sections to assure
sufficient passing sight distance in design.
The horizontal alignment and vertical alignment shall be phased as much as possible giving
due considerations to the above guidelines and specially to avoid defects that may endanger
the safety of road users by concealing hazards on the road ahead. In all cases drivers shall be
able to anticipate changes in both horizontal and vertical alignment well within the safe stopping
sight distance.
6.5.4.4 Design of Junctions and Roundabouts

The types of at grade intersection expected in the project road section are categorized in to four
types
 Private access which include driveways to road side houses and facilities
 Minor junctions which are Intersections with Local/Feeder roads
 Moderate junctions which include Intersections with Collector roads
 Major junctions which include Intersections with Main Access/Link and Trunk roads
The Contractor shall design and construct all at grade intersections including roundabouts
wherever required based on master plan of towns supported by consultation with local
administrations and site conditions based on ERA Geometric Design Manuals.
The Moderate and major junctions require site specific detailed design and the following are
major considerations:
 The design of at grade intersections must consider safety, operational comfort, capacity
and economy.

 Since the angle of intersection influences the safety and operation of the intersection,
the angle of intersection shall be limited to 75 to 120 degrees.
 The layout of the intersection shall fulfil intersection sight distance requirements in
accordance with ERA Geometric Design Manual, 2013.
 Approach horizontal alignment shall have a minimum radius curvature for the class of
road and specific terrain and urbanization condition.
 The gradients of all the intersecting roads shall desirably be less than 3% and absolutely
less than 6%.
 Appropriate channelization islands shall be designed as necessary specially at major
intersections.
 Auxiliary left turn lanes and right turn lanes shall be designed as necessary especially
for major intersections.
The contractor shall also design and construct Private accesses and minor junctions throughout
the project.
The contractor shall design/consider junctions in town sections as well to get smooth transitions
in between main road and junctions so that development of town based on master plan as well
considered.
6.5.4.5 Connections with Existing Roads

The Contractor shall design new roads to achieve smooth alignments that tie into existing roads
and town link roads. Such new construction shall extend a minimum of 50m into the approach
roads, or further if required and as decided by the Employer’s Representative to tie in to the
lines and levels of existing roads. The pavement structure of the main road (project road), shall
extend into the intersection roads for a minimum of 15m and 10m for town section junction. For
private access, the pavement structure of the main road (project road), shall have opened curb
stone and the pavement structure shall extend into the private access for a minimum of 10m or
to the extent of the private access or till walkway edge.
6.5.4.6 Side walk curb ramps
The contractor should give proper attention when designing a project road that includes curbs
and adjacent sidewalks, proper attention should be given to the needs of persons with
disabilities whose means of mobility are dependent upon wheelchairs and similar devices. Curb
ramps with a 0.9m minimum curb ramp width and an 8 percent maximum grade shall be
provided at all possible pedestrian crossing location for safe and comfortable operation of the
disabled using wheel chairs.
6.5.4.7 Traffic-calming measures

At speeds below 30 km/h pedestrians can coexist with motor vehicles in relative safety. Speed
management and traffic-calming include techniques such as discouraging traffic from entering
certain areas and installing physical speed-reducing measures, such as roundabouts, road
narrowing, chicanes, road humps and rumble strips. Section 5.12 of ERA Geometric design

manual, 2013 also states that designs should include features to reduce speed in areas of
significant pedestrian activity, particularly at crossing points.
Among the various techniques mentioned above, the contractor shall design and construct type
B rumble strips (as per ERA Standard Technical Specification, 2013) in the central districts of
towns, developing towns and villages. This shall be backed by speed limit of 30km/hr to ensure
safety for pedestrians.
6.5.4.8 Bus Lay-Bys

Bus Lay-Bys shall be provided at selected locations as necessary in kebele towns, developing
towns and villages. They are not needed in woreda town sections, as buses can stop on section
of the parking lane marked as “Bus Stop”.
The loading area of the bus lay-by shall not be less than 30m long to accommodate a minimum
of two buses. The width shall not be less than 3.5m and the entry and exit tapers shall not be
less than 20m.
They should be located at the existing established locations of bus hip on and hip off locations
but should be at least 75m away from junctions and at locations which have adequate sight
distance for stopping.
6.5.4.9 Access Stairs
The contractor shall design and construct stairs in towns, developing towns, villages and at
other locations as necessary where the cut depth or fill height is in excess of 1m to provide safe
and comfortable access to the local residents. All necessary structures for the support of the
stairs such as retaining walls shall also be designed and constructed. Furthermore, the
contractor shall design and construct appropriate animal crossings at high fill embankment
locations.
6.5.5 Departure from Standard
In any trial of design towards fulfilling the Geometric Design Standard gives rise to meeting one
of the following five conditions (bullets a toe), thus the contractor must advise the Employer
Representative that the proposed design cannot meet the requirements of the ERA Geometric
Design Manual, together with showing what is proposed to mitigate the risk of any potential
safety deficiencies, without exceeding the extent of departure specified in section 6.5.5.1.
6.5.5.1 Sufficient conditions to request design departure from standard

Departures from specified geometric design standard shall be regarded as compulsory if,
attempt to fulfilling geometric requirements gives rise to situations such that:

a) In towns, where alignment follows existing road design gives rise to demolition of a large
quantity of properties or affects religious or cultural places or bring access problem for
resident’s live along the road side due to deep excavation or high fill.
b) It is not possible to avoid excavation of height more than an average of 15m on either
side of the road for the distance of not less than 200m, or, if
c) It is not possible to avoid box cuts (cuts on both left and right sides for a continuous
distance of more than 300m), with cut height not less than 5m, or, if
d) It is not possible to avoid fills of heights more than 12m, measured from toe of fill to edge
of road for length more than 300m, which cannot be avoided by the introduction of
conventional masonry retaining walls near the road shoulder on the side of fill, or, if
e) There is existing bridge which are sound both hydrological and structurally and agreed
to be kept including approach road towards the bridge while following existing road.
6.5.5.2 Limit of departure from standard

Then departures from geometric standard will be allowed. Nevertheless, at all times shall the
geometries, after being relaxed upon departure, fulfill all of the following conditions: -
1. While following existing road, the minimum horizontal radius should not be less than 30
m.
2. Gradients should not exceed absolute maximum gradient of 10.0% for a maximum
distance of 400m together with a relief gradient of 6.0% for not less than 150m length,
both measured form PVI to PVI.
3. The gradients at switch back curve should not exceed 6.0%.
The Contractor should identify the sections which require departure of the geometric design
along the route corridor but he shall also clearly show that there is no other way that the design
departures could be minimized or avoid, including the absence of shifting route corridor. Such
identification will be done jointly during construction with the Employer’s Representative and
departure approval shall be given by the Employer Representative with the prior no objection
permission from the Employer. Departures approved in this manner are referred to as
contractual departures and shall not be subjected to deduction of the contract amount
 Climbing lanes is not applicable for this project.
6.5.6 Geometric Design
The Contractor shall prepare the final horizontal and vertical design of the roadway and
structures. The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the criteria, as listed in this
section, will meet the intent and the constraints of the project as described in the Contract
Document.
6.5.7 Construction Quantities

The Contractor shall submit constructions Quantities to ERA/Employer’s Representative. The
Contractor shall prepare quantity takeoffs, tabulations and backup calculations for QC/QA

purpose. The calculated quantities for the items of construction shall be based on the final
design drawings. The earthwork quantities shall be derived from calculation based on the field
cross sections along the road centerlines.
6.5.8 Plan Submittal Requirements

The Contractor shall produce plans and specification that aid and facilitate design review by the
Employer’s Representative/ERA and provide adequate information for safe, efficient and high
quality construction.
The plans shall include (at a minimum) the following items:
 Cover sheet and list of Standard Drawings

 General rules and general layout sheet
 Terrain classification with respect to design speed
 Typical sections
 Roadway plan and profile (which include detail of Primary and Secondary control points,
Horizontal and Vertical curve detail, Contour with their level, DTM, Shoulder edge,
Carriageway edge, Minor and Major Structures, ………………)
 Roadway cross section
 Special cross sections (retaining wall sections)
 Horizontal alignment data (which includes curve details and design speed)
 Vertical alignment data (which includes curve details and design speed)
 Bridge Plans
 Drainage schedule
 Bridge schedule
 Guide post schedule
 Guard rail Schedule
 Traffic sign schedule
 Road marking schedule
 Bus Lay-Bys schedule and plan
 Protection works schedule
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a draft and final Engineering Design Documents along
with Set of Drawings and submit to ERA/Employer’s Representative. The final Design
Documents must be approved by ERA/Employer’s Representative in writing prior to start of any
construction related permanent activities/operations in the project.
6.5.9 As Built Plans

The Contractor shall be responsible for producing a complete set of as-built plans upon
substantial or final completion of the project. As-built plans shall incorporate all design changes
related with field changes that occurred throughout the project duration. As built plans shall at
a minimum contain the following items,
 Cover sheet:

 Project Location Map

 Locations, lengths, Reference points
 Scales, north arrow, station equations
 Beginning and End of project
 Title Block, Signature Block
 General Notes
 Typical sections
 Plan and Profile sheets of:
 Alignments
 Ditch Grades
 Culvert/Bridge locations
 Horizontal and Vertical Control Points Locations
 Bridge Plans
 Culvert Plans
 Roadway cross sections
 Source of construction material
 Traffic signs schedule,
 Road marking Schedule,
 structural drawings,
 Town limit list
 Bus Lay-Bys schedule and plan
 Protection works schedule
6.6 Roadway Surfacing and Geotechnical Considerations

6.6.1.1 Pavement
6.6.1.2 General
The Contractor shall design and construct pavement sections for all roadways in accordance
with the requirements of this section, including referenced sections and publications,
performance requirements, design and construction criteria. The design shall include the design
of shoulder.
6.6.1.3 Mandatory Standards and Reference Publications

(a) General
The following list of standards shall be used for all design and construction of the pavement.
This is not a comprehensive list, and other applicable publications may be required to complete
all design and construction elements.
 ERA 2013 Pavement Design Manual Volume 1 (Flexible Pavement)
 ERA 2013 Site Investigation Manual
 ERA 2013 Geotechnical Design Manual
 ERA 2013 Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road
Works
 ERA 2013 Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing
 ERA 2011 Low Volume Roads Design Manual

 AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures, recent edition

 AASHTO Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
and Testing, Part II, recent edition
(b) Conflicts and priority

If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to the standard with the highest priority.
(c) Ambiguity
If there is any vagueness in standards, obtain clarification from ERA/Employ’s Representative
before proceeding with design or construction. ERA’s/Employer’s Representative decision shall
be final.
6.6.1.4 Performance Requirement
The Contractor shall perform analysis and prepare a design using the criteria specified within
this section, and produce pavement with no distress that meets the following requirements:
However, the Contractor shall not rely on the data given by the Employer and shall be
responsible for collecting and interpreting all the data on subgrade soils and materials of the
project.
 Design and Construct a flexible pavement, 50 mm Asphalt Concrete with
Equivalent Standard Axel Load (ESAL) from 3 to 6 million ESAL in each
direction in conformity with homogeneous sections of sub grade CBR
intervals. This traffic category is defined as T5 in ERA’s 2013 Flexible
Pavement Design Manual.
 Design and construct paved shoulder with double surface dressing/treatment
in flat and rolling sections in rural areas of the project road. The base course
and sub base layers of the main carriageway shall extend to the outer edges
of shoulder.
 Design and Construct paved shoulder with Asphalt Concrete in mountainous
and escarpment terrain sections in rural areas with the same pavement
composition as for the main carriageway.
 Design and Construct walkways in towns, sub-sections of developing towns
and sub-sections villages with concrete tiles. The base under the tiles shall be
constructed of 200mm sub base material overlain with 40mm of
natural/crushed sand leveling course.
 Road Side Drains in areas where expansive soils exist should be treated as
indicated in the ERA 2013 Geometric Design Manual and typical drawings.
 In town sections, parking lanes shall be constructed with 50 mm AC of the
same standard as the carriageway.
 Design and construct a minimum of 50mm Asphalt Concrete surfacing on
bridges.

 In cut sections pavement shall be constructed after environmental protection

work and/or after Employer’s representative approval.
 Footways Towns and Villages shall be constructed with concrete tiles.
 The composition and thickness of various layers of pavement shall not be less
than those indicated in tables below.
Accordingly, the envisaged minimum pavement composition of the project is tabulated below
Table 6-10: Minimum Pavement Compositions of the Project
Chart B1,ERA
Subgrade Traffic 2013, (Thin 50mm
Minimum Pavement Thickness
Class Class AC with Granular
road base
 AC (Wearing Course
=50mm
 Granular Road Base GB1
S3 T5
= 175 mm
 Granular Sub Base GS
=325mm*
*Up to 100mm of sub-base may be substituted with selected fill provided that the sub-base is
not reduced to less than the roadbase thickness or 200mm whichever is the greater. The
substitution ratio of sub-base to selected fill is 1 to 1.3
The Granular capping shall be in accordance with ERA 2013 Standard Technical Specification
Clause 4104 and the CBR values shall be at least 15% and maximum swell 2.0% when
determined at 95% of modified compaction in accordance with AASHTO T 193 . Its Plasticity
Index shall not be greater than 20% when determined in accordance with AASHTO T 90.
Table 6-11: Minimum Shoulder Pavement Compositions of the Project

GS Granular GC Granular
GB1, Granular
Location Type of Surfacing Subbase Capping Layer
Road Base, mm
(CBR>30%), mm (CBR > 15%), mm
Double Bituminous
Rural Flat
Surface Treatment 175 325 -
and Rolling
(DBST)
Mountainous Asphalt Concrete
and 175 325 -
Escarpment 50mm
Town,
40mm Sand
Kebele, and Concrete Tile 200 -
Leveling Course
Woreda

Note
 The above pavement structure is considered the minimum required for the project.
 The applicable design CBRs for the individual soil types along the road section and the
corresponding sub grade strength classes shall be investigated by the Contractor in
detail and shall be incorporated to the materials and pavement report to the
Employer/Employer’s Representative for approval. Any section characterized by the
presence of unsuitable material shall be treated as per sub clause 4103 (a) of ERA 2013
Standard Specifications.
 The sections with black cotton soil shall be treated in line with Sub Clause 4106 of ERA
2013 Standard Specifications with the following requirements.
For the identified problematic soil sections, as mitigation measures, removal of
the expansive soils and replace with appropriate granular materials are
recommended depending on the following conditions;
 Where the finished road level is designed to be less than 2m above ground
level, remove the expansive soil to a minimum depth of 1000mm over the full
width of the road, or
 Where the finished road level is designed to be greater than 2m above ground
level, remove the expansive soil to a depth of 1000mm below the ground level
under the un-surfaced area of the road structure, or
 Where the expansive soil does not exceed 1m in depth, remove it to its full
depth.
 In addition, a slope flattening shall be applied on expansive soil section as per
the attached typical drawings in the appendices.
 The sections where the sub-grade CBR is less than 5% and categorized as S1 and/or
S2 and also characterized as unsuitable soil according to ERA 2013 Standard Technical
Specification Section 4103 A,
 In fill section, a minimum fill material of 1m with S3 borrow material (with a
minimum CBR of 5% and swell index <2%) shall be present below the bottom
of the pavement layer. This ensures a minimum earthwork cover or a total fill
height of at least 1 meter.
 Where the pavement layers lie under cut and buried with S1 and/or S2
subgrade layer, the one-meter (1m) replacement depth is to be measured
below the pavement layer.
 S1, S2 and S6 subgrade classes should not be considered for pavement design. For S1
and S2 classes the CBR of the material used for replacement shall be considered, while
S5 should be the maximum sub-grade strength used in design.
 The Design Builder shall conduct detail investigation and pavement condition survey for
the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the existing asphalt section of Arsi-Negele town
section (approximately 500m) so that proper selection of rehabilitation measures should
be selected based on the site finding. The pavement condition survey includes test
pitting, pavement and subgrade materials sampling, filed testing (such as DCP testing,

compaction test using sand cone, deflection, roughness and others appropriate
methods), and laboratory testing.
The existing pavement condition survey is carried out in order to provide the general
picture of the surface condition in terms of existing pavement distress and defects of the
road and to identify the causes for the occurrence of different distress on the existing
pavement so that some remedial measure or rehabilitation will be decided in order to:
 Assure that wear and abrasion of the surface materials, deformation of the
surface and roadbed materials under the stresses induced by traffic loading
and moisture condition are properly addressed so that the existing asphalt
pavement should have sufficient performance throughout the design period
of the project (Arsi Negele – Goljota road project).
 Assure that the maintenance measures for the existing road has been carried
out in sufficient details to restore pavement strength, width and conditions.
 Recommend methods of rehabilitation depending on the pavement defects
and performance of the existing road
 Recommend specific mitigation measure to restore and protect the existing
pavement surface such as resealing, patching or overlay or reconstruction.
 And if there is disagreement on the rehabilitation or reconstruction ERA will
decide.
 Rock subgrade shall be treated in accordance with sub clause 4103(d) of ERA 2013
Standard Technical Specification. If rock stretch is sufficiently long, it shall be
categorized in to S5 subgrade class with corresponding pavement structural thickness.
It otherwise will be treated as having same subgrade class as the neighboring stretch.
 The Design Builder shall identify Swampy sections (water-logged or soft clay ground
sections which exhibit excessive movement under normal compaction equipment and
hauling vehicles, and preclude the effective compaction of the bottom fill layers), and
treat them as follows:
 Min of 60 cm shall be undercut and filled with rock materials complying with
Clause 4404 of ERA 2013 Standard Technical Specifications
 The bottom fill has to be to above the anticipated maximum water level, but
not less than 40cm, shall be constructed with rock fill complying with Clause
4404 of ERA 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and the embankment
above the rock fill shall be constructed with a suitable material with a minimum
CBR value of 5%.
 Rock fill shall not be used in the top 400mm of the embankment.
 The Design Builder shall identify Erodible soil stretches and shall treat them as follows:
 In places where gullies are already formed, they need to be backfilled layer
by layer with suitable fill material and the side drains (longitudinal ditches) in
these sections shall be lined with grouted stone pitching irrespective of the
longitudinal slope.

 Turn outs shall be constructed at shortest possible intervals to avoid

concentrated flow of water. Secondary ditches and check dams shall be
constructed to dissipate the energy of storm water running parallel to the road.
 Proper protection works shall be constructed at culvert inlets and outlets and
at culvert approaches.
 Where widening of the existing embankment is required, the widening works shall be
properly constructed using appropriate fill benches as per ERA Technical Specification,
2013, Section 4403(l).
 Crushed stone for the base course layer shall be GB1 granular base course material
with nominal maximum size of 37.5 mm satisfying other quality requirements stated in
ERA Standard Technical Specification 2013: Division 5200.
 Natural gravel for capping layer shall be GC granular capping layer with CBR≥15% and
maximum swell 2.0 % when determined at 95% of modified compaction in accordance
with AASHTO T 193 and satisfying other quality requirements stated in ERA Standard
Technical Specification, 2013, clause 4402.
 The fill/replacement material shall have a minimum soaked CBR of 5% and a swell value
of not more than 2% when determined in accordance with AASHTO T-193 at a modified
AASHTO density of 95% of the maximum dry density determined in accordance with the
requirements of AASHTO T-180 method D. Generally, the embankment material and
construction shall be in accordance with Division 4400 of ERA 2013 Standard Technical
Specifications.
 The granular subbase shall be either natural gravel, crushed stone or blended thereof
conforming to Division 5100 of ERA 2013 Standard Specifications. The CBR value shall
be greater than or equal to 30% and the gradation after compaction shall satisfy A- for
natural gravel or B- for crushed sub base of Table 5104/2. Natural gravel sub base and
crushed stone sub base shall a Plasticity index of less than 12 and 6% respectively when
determined in accordance with AASHTO T-90.
 The type of binder/ bitumen shall be determined based on the road surface temperature
at the time of application and the choice shall be subjected to the approval of the
Employer’s Representative.
 The AC materials quality and construction methodology shall be adhered to ERA’s

Standard Technical Specification 2013.
 The DBST materials (for shoulder) quality and construction methodology shall also be
adhered to ERA’s Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing - 2013.
 The applicable design CBRs for the individual soil types along with the different parts of
the road section and the corresponding sub grade strength classes shall be investigated
by the contractor in detail and shall be incorporated in the materials and pavement report
and submitted to the Employer for final approval.

 Side drains in areas where expansive soils exist should be avoided. Where this is not
possible, side drains should be paved and the side ditches should be placed at a
minimum distance away from the toe of the side slope, as indicated in the typical cross-
section drawings. Sufficient grade shall be provided to ensure that no water ponding can
occur. The side slopes should also be flattened to the minimum ratios as indicated in the
typical cross section drawings.
6.6.1.5 Pavement Report
A draft pavement report shall be submitted, detailing the pavement design, for approval to
ERA/Employer’s Representative prior to any pavement operation. Any comments on the draft
report will be forwarded to the Contractor for incorporating the comments during the finalization
of the report. The Final report shall be submitted to ERA/ Employer’s Representative for
approval after incorporating or properly addressing the comments. The final report must be
approved by ERA prior to commencement of pavement related operation.
The pavement report shall address site - specific conditions and proposed treatments, including,
but not limited to:
 Traffic Loading
 Subgrade Conditions
 Pavement Design
 Sources of Materials
 Any unsuitable subgrade soils such as expansive etc.
 Any unsuitable areas such as swampy, erodible areas and collapsible/compressible
soils
6.6.1.6 Submittal
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a draft and final pavement report to ERA/Employer’s
Representative. The final pavement report must be approved by ERA/Employer’s
Representative in writing prior to start of any pavement related permanent activities/operations
in the project.
6.6.2 Subgrade Soil and Construction Materials Investigation

6.6.2.1 General
The Contractor shall evaluate the requirements of the works, and carry out a thorough sub grade
soil investigation, construction material investigation, geotechnical analysis, and laboratory
testing sufficient to provide pavement designs and construction of the pavement and earthwork.
6.6.2.2 Mandatory Standards

The following is a list of publications that shall be used for all investigations, design and
construction of pavement and earthwork. This is not a comprehensive list and other publications
may be required to complete all investigations, design and construction elements. Additional
publications may be used upon the approval of ERA/Employer’s Representative.
Standards and References to be used:


 ERA’s 2011 Low Volume Roads Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Methods of Measurement for
Roadwork
 AASHTO Manual on Subsurface Investigations, recent edition
 AASHTO Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Method for Sampling
and Testing, recent edition
The Contractor shall request clarification of any ambiguity or conflict in these mandatory
standards from ERA. ERA’s interpretation and decision shall be final.

The Contractor shall conduct construction materials investigation and sub grade investigation
to provide information for the pavement design and earthwork. The investigation work shall be
carried out as set out in the standards and references. The Contractor shall determine the
specific locations, frequency, and scope of construction material and sub grade investigation.
The Contractor shall submit the plan for the investigation to Employer’s Representative for
review and comment prior to start-up of any of the investigation work and subsequent pavement
construction operation. This submittal shall include the number and depths of the proposed
pitting and field investigations, and the proposed sampling and testing, to meet the minimum
requirements for the project.
Soil properties used for design shall be determined in accordance with the standards and
references given for this section. Field tests shall be conducted in general in accordance with
appropriate AASHTO and ERA Standards.
The Contractor shall carry out the following minimum work elements and requirements; it may
be appropriate for the Contractor to include work elements or procedures not listed here in order
to provide the requested end product if necessary.

1.
The Contractor will review printed literatures including topographic maps, agricultural maps,
aerial photography, ground water resources, historic construction records and other
geotechnical related resources. Prior to field reconnaissance, the Contractor shall identify
areas with problematic soil conditions based on the available preliminary data.
2.
Study project setting, geology and site conditions.
3.
Identify and evaluate potential material sources obtained from the preliminary investigation
works and/or from maps and subsequent testing.
4.
Identify and evaluate geological and geotechnical hazards from maps, by reconnaissance
and the applicable investigation methods and tests to evaluate each hazard.
5.
Identify sub-excavation and water-problem areas.
6.
Identify cut and fill slope ratios and make recommendations for proposed slopes and
ditches.
7.
Develop subsurface drainage recommendations.
8.
Conduct soil survey, including assessment of rock outcrops.
9.
Record other geotechnical observations that could impact design or construction.
10.
To the maximum extent practical, record observations in table format with reference to
station intervals.
11.
Evaluate any further reconnaissance required, and mapping and subsurface investigation
needs, and anticipated difficulties in completing investigation work.
12.
Develop a site investigation program and submit a copy of the program to ERA/Employer’s
Representative for its approval twenty days (20) prior to investigation.
a. Conduct field exploration and record data (individual logs, etc.). The sampling interval for
classification and identification shall not be more than 500m
b. Collect Samples for CBR-value (three point CBR) and moisture-density relationship at every
500 m for pavement design.
c. Conduct laboratory testing and record test data; include tests of AASHTO classification for
foundations, earthwork and materials.
d. Backfill all holes and restore site to an acceptable condition.
e. Draw a cross-sectional sketch at exploration locations (to be included in the material report)
showing the locations relative to the centerline and a generalized test pit profile.
f. Photograph all sites of construction material.
g. Refine soil profile recorded in the field, based on the results of laboratory testing.
h. Tabulate laboratory test results for inclusion in the Materials and Site Investigation Report.
i. Develop interpretive tables and figures to present the field exploration and lab test data,
and how the data were interpreted for analysis and design. These interpreted explorations
and geophysical results shall be presented on plans and profiles.

j. Present interpretation of regional geology and geologic setting.

k. Evaluate alternative geotechnical designs where alternate designs may be viable such as
geophysical exploration.
l. Identify cuts by station limits from which materials conforming to the requirements for Soil
materials can be obtained.
m. Identify section of road with expansive sub grade soil and give corresponding treatment
method
n. Identify cuts (if any) that should be wasted. Recommend disposal sites along the alignment
for unusable materials.
o. Develop final pavement and sub grade recommendations.
p. Develop final earthwork recommendations. Provide recommendations for shrink/swell,
embankment foundation preparation, embankment design, and embankment construction.
Identify possible embankment construction problems, such as "pumping" soils, need for
maintenance rock, or need for sub grade reinforcement.
q. Based on preliminary assessment develop design slope and rock fall recommendations.
r. The Contractor shall perform geotechnical engineering geologic analysis (such as slope
stability analysis for all slide susceptible areas, based on the findings from subsurface
investigations and laboratory testing programs, and results of engineering analysis, in
accordance with the ERA Manuals and standard publications referenced herein.
s. Conduct shallow foundation analysis and settlement analysis, and develop design
recommendations.
t. Provide recommendations to eliminate or minimize potential for foundation settlements in
areas of compressible soils (if any).
u. Discuss special design considerations.
v. Discuss special construction considerations.
w. Compile site photographs and include in reports.
x. Recommend additional investigation if required. Provide specific recommendations with
respect to type of work and location, and expected benefit for review and comment by the
Employer/Employer’s Representative.
Undertake the additional investigation required after review and/or comment by the
Employer/Employer’s Representative.
y. Environmental impact assessment and mitigation measure
z. Present findings and recommendations in Draft Materials and Site Investigation Report.
Include a limitations paragraph describing the potential variations between explorations and
that explorations were conducted for design purposes only.
aa. Incorporate ERA’s/Employer’s Representative review and comments in the Draft Materials
and Site Investigation Report and submit Final Materials and Site Investigation Report
to Employer’s Representative for his review and approval.

6.1.1.4 Submittals
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a draft and final Materials and Site Investigation Report
to ERA/Employer’s Representative. The final Materials and Site Investigation Report as well as
pavement Design Report must be approved by ERA/Employer’s Representative in writing prior
to start of any pavement and related activities/operations in the project.
6.7 Hydrology/Hydraulics
The Contractor shall conduct detailed hydrologic and hydraulic study and carry out analysis by
obtaining relevant information to identify flood affected, drainage and protection deserving
sections. The Contractor shall determine existing and developed conditions, discharges for
pertinent drainage system, and existing flow patterns, assesses possible drainage problems,
highest water level, identify possible solutions and propose drainage improvements.
The Contractor shall carry out the following minimum work elements and requirements; it may
be appropriate for the Contractor to include work elements or procedures not listed here in order
to provide the requested end product.
1. Conduct a reconnaissance site investigation and characterization , which includes

examination of the overall site in particular to drainage , existing streams, floodplains,
bridges, culverts, side drains, gullies locations, and condition. The investigator will be
equipped with GPS unit, with the approximate accuracy of 3 to 5 meters to document the
location of culverts and other drainage features as necessary. These locations will
supplement the topographic mapping.
2. Identify potential floodplain encroachments , overland flow concentration ,channel stability
issues and gully sections.
3. Develop and define design criteria and computational methods to be used for the hydrologic
and hydraulic analyses/design of ditches, culverts, and bridges, including appropriate
design standards and flood frequency. If there are other hydraulic features, e.g. storm
drains and curb/gutter, proposed design criteria for these features. Criteria and methods
should be consistent with ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual as well as pertinent site-
specific considerations. Submit a summary of the design criteria and methods to be used
to ERA/Employer’s Representative as part of the Draft Hydrology/Hydraulics Report for
review and approval. Subsequent hydrologic and hydraulic analysis/design should be
conducted based on the approved criteria and computational methods.
4. If needed to evaluate potential flood encroachments or to determine water surface
elevations, perform a floodplain analysis of existing conditions using the 10, 25, 50 and
100-yr events. Provide recommendations regarding whether or not the potential
encroachments are likely to result in undesirable floodplain effects.
5. Conduct detailed hydraulic assessment for existing bridges identified for further evaluation,
employing appropriate modelling tool (HEC RAS) and interpret the finding with respect to
standard shown in ERA DDM,2013 to make the decision.
6. Identify and select appropriate bridge axis by defining criteria and comparing alternatives
bridge locations. perform hydrologic and hydraulic computations to determine the existing
flow rates and water surface elevations for the 25, 50 and 100-yr events at the bridge
locations.

7. Prepare Reconnaissance and Preliminary Floodplain and overland flow concentration

Analysis Report, including, but not limited to the following as part of Hydrology/Hydraulics
Report :
a. Documentation of approved criteria and methods
b. Documentation of data collection and site investigation
c. Identification of floodplain encroachment and channel stability issues.
d. Environmental support findings in the areas of water quality, wetlands, fish passage,
and stream restoration, where applicable.
e. Documentation of preliminary hydrologic and hydraulic computations, if applicable.
f. Electronic files for floodplain analysis, if applicable
8. Perform road crossing and roadway hydraulics.
a. Perform drainage basin delineations for all cross culvert locations that require
design discharges. Prepare drainage maps of the route on topographic
map1:50,000 scale or other available maps . Calculate peak discharges based on
the design criteria and methods for roadway drainage crossings.
b. Design the type, size, and location of the major culverts/ except Bridges (greater
than diam. 1220 mm (48”)). Use HY8 or equivalent for hydraulic analysis/design.
Recommend appropriate end treatments for the major culverts.
c. Design and provide cross drainage structure of minimum size 48” for smaller
magnitude flows (either localized or concentrated flow). On flat or plain section relief
structure of minimum size 42” required to be provided for a maximum of 500m
spacing. Otherwise (if the length exceeds the maximum spacing) alternative
drainage management system required to be designed and submitted for approval).
d. Design the type, size, and location of the minor cross culverts. Use HY8 or
equivalent for hydraulic analysis/design for minor culverts in critical situations such
as high likelihood of debris, high tail water, low culvert barrel slope, increased risks
to upstream properties, or other site-specific conditions. Minor culverts in non-
critical situations may be designed using HY8 or equivalent, inlet control
monographs, or inlet control equations.
e. Support preparation of culvert cross-sections, including ensuring sufficient cover is
provided.
f. Provide designs for outlet energy dissipation for all culverts, as necessary.
g. Provide designs for roadside ditches, including grade control structures
and/permanent linings, as needed, to prevent erosion.
h. Design town section detail side drain facilities including gutter, inlet, and under drain
pipe or ditch. The design should be carried out with respect to defined criteria(ERA
DDM,2013) related to spread of water on the roadway ,depth of water and time of
stay.
i. Design culvert and longitudinal drain outfalls that avoid damage to existing
properties and land.
j. Identify appropriate turnout positions based on detail physical inspection and
ground survey, inspect the site and confirm the turnout has no impact on the area.
k. Identify appropriate drainage outlet points based on detail physical assessment and
avoid potential stress that may arise due to concentrated flow discharging to
privately or public owned property or land.

9. Carry out Bridge waterway analysis for existing and proposed bridges crossings. The bridge
hydraulic design shall include the following major activities in general but not limited to :
a. Collect and analyze the available data around the crossing (upstream and
downstream of the crossing);
b. If there are exiting bridges, the capacity shall be checked against the design flood
estimated or observed high flood mark( using HEC-RAS). If the bridge is
inadequate, appropriate recommendation shall be given;
c. For the new bridges crossing, waterway area of the bridges shall be determined
based on bridge hydraulics analysis as per the recommendation of ERA 2013
Drainage Design Manual. The waterway shall be designed to accommodate the
peak flood without excessive restricting the flow of the stream or incurring damage
either to the structure or to the surround land and consideration is paid to ensure
restricting the flow does not causes backwater above the limit given in the ERA’s
2013 Drainage Design Manual or scour that may damage the structure;
d. Estimate the scour depth using appropriate method (using HEC-RAS) based on
river bed and bank material;
e. Recommend appropriate protection measure at the crossing where required based
on the scour depth analysis and observed condition during field investigation;
f. Characterized bed and bank materials in the vicinity of proposed bridge piers and
abutments from available geotechnical data and report.
g. Estimate the sediment load, potential aggradation condition and evaluate the
conveyance of the bridge taking into account the loads and propose appropriate
management options that will make the bridge safe and can serve for desired
period.
10. Identify low lying stretches, overland flow concentration sections and conduct flood
vulnerability analysis (flood mapping) for determining the recommended fill height and other
drainage management options.
11. Maintain non silting and non-scouring velocity on tail reach channel of crossing structure.
For improved hydraulics in mild slope cross sectional configuration of the structure,
exercise channelization with no potential impact to the adjoining property. Unless it is a
town section, raise the road level to certain level depending upon site prevailing condition,
limit channelization length to the extent possible practically (30-50m).
12. Steep section flow concentration impact to create side gully and drainage problems
required to be evaluated and appropriate recommendation based on the analysis needs to
be given including lined side facility design, check or drop and dissipation structures.
13. Assessment and condition survey for all existing cross drainage structures required to be
made. All existing pipe culverts of size less than 48” will be replaced and culverts equal to
48” and above required to be evaluated for hydraulically sufficiency and recommended to
be kept if it meets the requirement. However, hydraulic evaluation is not the only criteria to
make a decision in keeping the structure rather structural, geometric and other
requirements will also considered on final decision to keep or not to keep it.
14. Make a detail assessment on the road corridor and identify existing irrigation, water supply
or any other system which deserves upgrading and redesign works. Consider system

continuity through proper design of irrigation or water supply scheme. The local community
needs to be consulted and the decision on type of canal, off stake and flow division
structures will be made by participating the locality and stake holders.
15. Maintain minimum embankment height of 1.0m in plain section often affected by shallow
depth overland flow, to guide localized runoff longitudinally and to introduce relief
structures.
16. Develop Draft and Final Hydrology/Hydraulics Report. The report will provide the necessary
hydrologic and hydraulic analysis to complete the design. Contents of the report shall follow
the guidance in the ERA’s Drainage Design Manual in a bound format. In addition, the
report shall include:
a. Maps indicating the general and specific project location including the stream
channel(s) to proposed structure locations and drainage basin boundaries. The
catchment delineated on available topographic maps of scale 1:50,000 with code
number of the catchment shall be presented with the hydrology and hydraulics
report.
b. Prepare soil map and land use map of the drainage area to estimate rainfall-runoff
characteristics of the catchment (runoff coefficient or runoff curve number);
c. Brief discussions, documentation, and summaries of all analysis and design
activities (including any assumptions used) and results.
d. Detailed hydraulic design as well as rational for selecting all drainage
structures/systems.
e. Appendices containing copies of any hand or spreadsheet calculations and the input
and output data from any computer models used.
f. Maps and/or exhibits showing the location and orientation of all cross-sections and
cross section plots for all locations.
g. Electronic copies of computer input/output files.
6.7.1 Stream/Structure Stability

Determination of maximum scour depth that can occur at a crossing site is necessary in the
design of abutment and pier foundation because their levels should be set below the scour
depth for the design discharge. Actual extent of scouring at a particular crossing site depends
on various factors such as velocity of water, change in the channel geometry and hydraulics
resulting from the introduction of the crossing structure, nature of riverbank and riverbed
materials, shape and size of Abutment/Pier structure, etc. Thus, the Contractor is required to
ensure the safety of the structures by estimating the scour depth based on the bed and bank
material samples and hydraulics analysis using the HEC- RAS programs.
6.7.2 Flood Plain and Ground Water Table

The requirement for subsurface drainage system and sufficient embankment requirements shall
be determined from corridor hydrological and hydraulic behavior employing appropriate
hydrologic /hydraulic modelling tools supported by detail site survey. The Contractor is required
to identify the extents of such locations to be incorporated in the design. Ground table
information required to be gathered from primary and secondary sources also augmented by

physical survey. Accordingly, interpretation of the result /finding needs to be made and
recommendation will be drawn which ensure the road hydraulic stability.
6.7.3 Environmental Issues

Drainage design is required to facilitate the best and economical design of a road project, with
proper drainage crossing structures and associated works. The input from a hydrological and
hydraulics study should be based on all the theoretical and practical aspect of the subject
exhaustively and incorporate the latest provisions to meet criteria and the standards established
to ensure that the road facility meets its intended purpose without endangering the structural
integrity of the facility itself and without undue adverse effects on the environment or the public
welfare.
Construction machineries lubricants, fuel and oil, waste materials, construction material
exploration and dusts, use of water for construction may have significant effect on water supply,
pollution, system destruction or minimize the water supply system. The Contractor should
provide method of wastewater management systems and water pollution control such as
construction of retention pond and infiltration tank before discharging into wetlands.
6.7.4 Drainage
The Contractor shall provide a well-drained corridor and a safe environment for the individuals
who use and maintain the road. The design and construction of all drainage structures and
appurtenances shall adequately address functionality, durability, ease of maintenance,
maintenance access, safety, aesthetic and protection against vandalism according to contract
specifications and standards. In fulfilling the requirements for drainage, the Contractor shall
abide by and fulfill the requirements related to drainage features while at the same time meeting
requirements of other required design elements on the project.
Drainage design should achieve the most effective and economical methods by which runoff
water can be passed through and removed from the roadway. The primary objective should be:
 Maintain drainage pattern

 Avoid damage to existing properties and land.
 Provide drainage structures (bridges, culverts and ditches including turnout ditches
where required) for natural drainage channels.
 Provide relief structures (minimum pipe culvert size of 1060mm) in flat terrain (in
locations where there are no localized sag curves on road profile) with maximum spacing
of 300-600 m with proper identification of outlet locations. In major flood plains, the
maximum spacing shall be less than 300m and determined as per the site conditions to
avoid any undesired environmental and social impact.
 Provide crossing structures for local irrigation users that cross the project road, the type
and size for crossing structure shall be based on the amount of irrigation water crossing
the project road.
 Besides, for the section at which the road is traversing for a long distance without cross
drainage structure there should be ditch out at the appropriate location and also
protection work at the outlet should be identified and implemented.
 Provide covered side drains in left and right sides of town sections with minimum
dimensions of 70cm width and 70cm depth.

 Provide open rectangular Concrete ditch for kebele section with minimum size 60cm by
80cm.
 For Arsi Negele-Bilalo Junction road, existing asphalt road from start to Woreda
admiration (~500m) provided by closed side ditch drainage system and required to be
evaluated for hydraulic sufficiency condition and can be used on the newly rehabilitated
system by designing inlet and ditch cover .Otherwise replace it by newly designed side
drainage system (covered rectangular ditch with inlet ).
 Sufficient outlet protection works shall be provided to dissipate the flow energy until it
reaches the natural ground. The outlet flow shall not be in conflict with or affect the
irrigation canals.
 In case there is a tendency of the streams for meandering near the proposed crossings,
guide banks shall be provided to channelize the streams towards the bridge openings.
 Prevent undue accumulation and retention of water upon and adjacent to the roadway
 Provide the roadway against storm and subsurface water damage
 Provide a safe driving surface for the traveling public
 Avoid constriction of natural channel during hydraulic opening size determination. Also
proper river training shall be incorporated on areas where the river/stream has
probability of changing river course.
 Inlet structure type shall be designed to fit the natural situation and where drop inlets are
required; it shall be sufficiently wide enough to allow access for inspection & cleaning.
The standard drawings may be revised as per the advice of the Employer’s
Representative.
 The location of relief structures and/or turnout channels will be properly selected at a
minimum negative impact to the environment and surrounding settlements with subject
to the approval of the Employer’s Representative.
 Flooding could be a serious problem along the flat terrain where the streams and rivers
have flood exceeding the main channels and resulting in flooding the surrounding area.
For this reason, on areas with such terrain condition facing this problem is designed to
have raised embankment of minimum 2m based on the specific flooding condition
observed on site.
 The contractor shall design and construct adequate embankment height, multiple major
and relief structures in these sections and other similar sections in accordance with the
hydraulic design criteria outlined above and ERA DDM, 2013.
 Wherever traditional irrigation canals either crosses the existing road or running
longitudinally at the side of the road, detailed design and construction required to be
made , the design and build contractor shall design and construct appropriate canal at
the side of the road or structures to cross the traditional irrigation canals if any across
the road in close consultation with the local administration and the local society.
6.7.5 Highway drainage elements (side drains, edge drains, chutes, median drains,
catch water drains, MITRE banks and underground drainage system).
 As a general guide to longitudinal slopes, it is required that unpaved drains should not
be steeper than 5 percent, or flatter than 0.5 per cent. Check dams shall be provided to
limit flows to the permissible velocity for the channel bed material.
 Paved drains should not be flatter than 0.3 percent. Practical experience indicates that
it is difficult to construct a paved drain accurately to the tolerances demanded by a slope

flatter than 0.3 per cent, so that local imperfections may cause silting of an otherwise
adequate drain.
 The Contractor shall provide complete design for drain gradients and functionality which
shall be approved by the Employer’s Representative.
 The following drains shall be considered:
(a) Side drains: Side drains are located beyond the shoulder breakpoint and parallel to
the center line of the road. While usually employed in cuts, they may also be used to run
water along the toe of a fill to a point where the water can conveniently be diverted,
either away from the road prism or through it, by means of a culvert. When used in
conjunction with fills, side drains should be located as close to the edge of the reserve
boundary as is practicable to ensure that erosion of the toe of the fill does not occur.
Side drains are intended as collectors of water and the area that they drain usually
includes a cut face and the road surface.
(b) Catch water drains: The catch water drain is a berm located at the top of a cut. It is
intended to deflect surface flow from the area outside the road reserve away from the
cut face. Even if the cut is through material which is not likely to scour, the catch water
drain serves to reduce the volume of water that would otherwise have to be removed by
the side drain located at the bottom of the cut face. Catch water drains are seldom, if
ever, lined.
They are constructed with the undisturbed topsoil of the area as their inverts and can
readily be grassed as a protection against scour. Check dams can also be constructed
to reduce flow velocities, since the restrictions previously mentioned in relation to weirs
do not apply to catch water drains.
(c) Chutes: Chutes are intended to convey a concentration of water down a slope that,
without such protection, would be subject to scour. They may vary in size from large
structures to half-round precast concrete products, but they are all open channels. Flow
velocities are high, so that stilling basins are required if down-stream erosion is to be
avoided.
(d) MITRE banks: As their name implies, these banks are constructed at an angle to
the center line of the road. They are intended to remove water from a drain next to the
toe of a fill and to discharge it beyond the road reserve boundary. Several MITRE banks
can be constructed along the length of a drain, as the concentration of water in the drain
should ideally be dispersed and its speed correspondingly reduced before discharge.
Velocity can be reduced not only by reducing the volume, and hence the depth, of flow
but also by positioning the miter bank so that its toe is virtually parallel to the natural
contours. The upstream face of a miter bank is usually protected by stone pitching, since
the volume and velocity of flow of water that it deflects may cause scour and ultimately
lead to breaching of the miter bank.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the drainage system along the project. All design work
shall comply with the ERA’s 2013 Drainage Manual. This work shall include the engineering
analysis necessary to design any drainage structures.
6.7.6 Drainage Submittals/Plans

The Contractor must prepare plan sheets, notes, and details to include the following inter-alia:
 Drainage structure sheets

 Drainage network plan and profile detail showing water surface elevation for town
section side drainage system
 Ditch and outfall cross section sheets
 Pipe and Box/ slab culvert tabulation
 Erosion control details and plan
6.8 Culvert
6.8.1 General Requirements
The Contractor shall provide a well-drained corridor and a safe environment for the individuals
who use and maintain the road. The design and construction of all drainage structures and
appurtenances shall adequately address functionality, durability, ease of maintenance,
maintenance access, safety, aesthetic and protection against vandalism according to contract
specifications and standards. In fulfilling the requirements for drainage, the Contractor shall
abide by and fulfill the requirements related to drainage features while at the same time meeting
requirements of other required design elements on the project.
Drainage design should achieve the most effective and economical methods by which runoff
water can be passed through and removed from the roadway. The primary objective should be:
 Maintain natural drainage pattern undisturbed as much as possible and provide drainage
structures (bridges, culverts and ditch including turnout ditches where required) for
natural drainage channels
 Sufficient outlet protection works shall be provided to dissipate the flow energy.
 Prevent undue accumulation and retention of water upon and adjacent to the roadway.
 Provide the roadway against storm and subsurface water damage.
 Providing a safe driving surface for the traveling public.
 Avoid constriction of natural channel during hydraulic opening size determination. Also
proper river training shall be incorporate on areas where the river/stream has probability
of changing river course.
 Inlet structure shall be designed to fit the natural situation. It shall be sufficiently wide
enough to allow accesses for inspection and clearing. The standard drawings may be
revised as per the advice of the Employer’s Representative.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the drainage system along the project. All design work
shall comply with the ERA’s 2013 Drainage Manual. This work shall include the engineering
analysis necessary to design any drainage structures. The Contractor is supposed to consider

in his bid any associated cost which may arise due to interference of primary, secondary and
tertiary irrigation canals with the project route/alignment.
On flat or plain sections maximum spacing between relief structures is recommended to be
500m by identifying appropriate drainage outlets. Otherwise alternative drainage management
proposal based on site specific condition required to be prepared and submitted independently
for approval.
6.8.2 Culvert Design

6.8.2.1 Existing Culverts
The Contractor is required to conduct detailed condition survey on existing structures of the
project to confirm their hydrological and structural adequacy. Recommendation to extend,
rehabilitate or replace existing structure shall be made with due consideration on condition
survey findings, hydrology/hydraulics analysis result and geometric design provisions.
The contractor shall use ERA’s 2013 standard drawing, ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual,
ERA’s 2013 Bridge Design and ERA’s 2013 Standard Specification for design and construction
of existing culverts.
In case of disagreement between the Contractor and the consultant, ERA’s decision will be final.
6.8.2.2 New Culverts
I. Dimension
The opening size of culvert should be determined considering hydrology/hydraulics analysis
result and actual crossing site conditions.
The maximum multiple box culvert cell number should not exceed six cells. The total width of
the road including the shoulders, the fill height, the fill slope and flow gradient shall be
considered to determine the length of barrel of all culverts. The total roadway width including
the shoulder width shall be maintained on top of all culverts.
The contractor should also note that in many locations there may be a need to construct
slab/box culverts for the safe passage of transported silt and cobbles though for the mere
hydraulic requirements pipe culverts may be enough.
II. Culverts Type

Culverts with opening size of 48inchs or less shall be classified as minor culverts and otherwise
it shall be classified as major culverts
The Contractor shall provide enough justification as to how selection between slab and box
culverts is made, based on geotechnical investigation findings and other considerations, for
each major culvert to be constructed.
III. Culvert Material

Reinforced concrete and class ‘B’ stone masonry shall be used for all pipe and slab culverts
while only reinforced concrete shall be used for box culvert crossing the roadway. The classes
of concrete and reinforcement grade which shall be used for the different component of minor
and major culverts needs to be taken in accordance to ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical
specification requirement. Cement-Sand ratio for mortar shall be 1:3.
IV. Pipe Class
The Contractor shall use ERA’s 2013 standard drawing, ERA’s 2013 DDM and ERA’s 2013
Standard Specifications for the selection of pipe class. The more conservative (safe) detail
prevails whenever there is discrepancy between the different details of the standard drawings,
like discrepancy of diameter and/or spacing of reinforcing bars.
V. Pipe Bedding
The Contractor shall use ERA’s 2013 standard drawing, ERA’s 2013 DDM and ERA’s 2013
Standard Specification for the selection of pipe bedding. Type “A” bedding shall be adopted
when the stream bed slope is and above 5%. In addition, similar bedding type shall be used
when a rock bedding is encountered.
VI. Inlet and Outlet Structures
The end walls of pipe culverts shall be constructed from Class “B” cement-mortared stone
masonry as per ERA’s 2013 Standard detail drawings provisions. Modification could be made
to the standard provision to comply with the actual site condition and road way typical cross
sections.
Wing walls of slab and box culvert shall be designed and constructed to retain the roadway
embankment without affecting culverts hydraulic efficiency. The designer shall use the
dimensions stated in the ERA standard drawing as a guidance. And whenever there is a
presence of unique features, the designer is expected to exercise modifications.
6.8.2.3 Drainage Submittals/Plans
The Contractor must supply the following for culvert documentation:
 Summary of condition survey observation,

 Drainage structures schedule
 Culvert cross section sheets
 Typical standard Drawings
 Design computation sheet for slab culvert foundations parts, Slab culvert superstructure
& RC Box culvert other than the available ERA standard detail Drawing and R.C. side
drain gutter with covers,
 Plan, cross section, details and layout drawings
 Erosion control details and plan

6.9 Open Channels, Ditches and Side Drains

The Contractor shall use ERA’s 2013 standard drawing, ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual
and ERA’s 2013 Standard Specification for design and construction of drainage structures,
Open Channels and Ditches.
The minimum clear dimensions of U-drains in Woreda and kebele seat shall be 600mm width
and 800mm depth and will have ditch cover, which considers pedestrian and vehicular crossing
whenever necessary while the actual size may be higher depending upon the hydrological
requirements.
The Contractor shall also provide lined ditches on benches which are formed from soil/highly
weathered rock sections. The minimum dimension of the lined ditch shall be as shown in the
typical cross sections for cut sections.
6.10 Bridges
Contractor shall perform structural analysis and design of bridges based on the output of the
hydrology/hydraulic and road geometry design, geotechnical Investigation result and prevailing
topographic conditions.
6.10.2 Standards
The following is a list of publications that shall be used for all design and construction. This is
not a comprehensive list and other applicable publications may be required to complete all
design. The Contractor shall request clarification of any ambiguity or conflict contained in these
standards from ERA before proceeding with design or construction. ERA’s interpretation and
decision shall be final.
 ERA 2013 Bridge Design Manual

 ERA 2013 Standard Drawings
 ERA 2013 Drainage Design Manual
 ERA 2013 Standard Technical specifications
 AASHTO Bridge Design Specification 2010
 AASHTO Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Method for Sampling
and Testing, recent edition.
6.10.3 Design and Performance Requirement

6.10.3.1 Existing Bridges
The Contractor shall conduct strength evaluation of existing bridges in accordance to the
provisions of ERA 2013 Bridge Design Manual. The strength evaluation for bridge
superstructure shall be carried out with a comparison of the factored live load effects and the

factored strength or resistance. The rating procedure shall be carried out for all strength checks
(moment, shear, etc.) at all potentially critical sections. The adequacy of abutment, wing wall,
foundation and a bearing shall be determined from a qualitative assessment of the general
condition of the component structures, including the significance or severity of any defects. This
procedure shall also be adopted if the as-built drawings of existing major drainage structures is
absent and performing a quantitative strength evaluation is found to be difficult.
In so far as the proposed alignment traverses through the existing trail equipped with a major
structure and if the existing bridge is below standard either structurally, hydraulic wise and/or
geometrically, it shall be demolished and replaced with an appropriate new bridge.
In case of disagreement between the Contractor and the consultant, ERA’s decision will be final.
6.10.3.2 New Bridges

I. Site Selection
The Contractor shall select bridge crossing sites which will offer an appropriate vertical and
horizontal alignments, have foundation material with sufficient strength to ensure the stability of
the structure and have less environmental impact on adjoining land or less susceptible to
damage from/to the local environment due to bridge and its associated works. The Contractor
shall use ERA 2013 Bridge Design Manual to select the most economical bridge site.
II. Structure Type Selection
For structure site(s) identified, Contractor shall provide a Structure Selection Report as part of
the Draft Structural Report. The structure selection report shall be prepared with supporting
drawings, tables, and discussion as needed. Include the following (as a minimum):
1. Review the structure site data to determine the requirements that will control the structure
size, layout, and type.
2. Propose recommended superstructure and substructure alternative(s). Propose foundation
alternative(s). Determine the structure length, width, and span configurations that satisfy
horizontal and vertical clearance criteria. Consider hydraulic opening and potential scour
requirements. For walls, propose wall type and foundation alternatives.
3. Consider environmental constraints.
4. Consider restrictions due to site access and transport limitations, and local material
availability.
5. Recommend proposed adjustments to profile alignment and grade necessary to
accommodate bridge location and freeboard requirements.
6. Recommend a structure layout, type and rehabilitation alternative(s) as applicable. Include
a preliminary sketch(s). More than one alternative may be recommended. State criteria
used to evaluate each alternative.

III. Design Criteria
The Contractor shall prepare a summary of the preliminary structural design criteria as part of
structures design report for the items listed below (as a minimum) and submit the same to ERA/
Employer’s Representative for approval
 Geometric Layout
 Bridge spans, horizontal and vertical alignment, typical section, and hydraulic
information per Structure Preliminary Layout
 Bridge and transition railing
 Abutment pitching or slope protection
 Design Loads
 Materials
 Superstructure Design
 Railings
 Concrete Deck Design
 Approach Slab
 Girders
 Substructure Design
 Piers
 Abutments
 Wing wall
 Foundations
 Miscellaneous
 Abutment and Deck Drainage
 Bearings
 Expansion joints
 Scour protection
IV. Material
The classes of material to be used for the different component of bridges must satisfy the
requirements of the standards provided in this section.
V. Design Loads
The different component of bridges shall be designed for the loading conditions specified in
ERA’s 2013 Bridge Design Manual. However, the contractor may use the recent AASHTO
Specifications after obtaining approval from ERA.
VI. Design Method
The different components of bridges must be designed using the method set forth in ERA’s
2013 Bridge design manual. However, the contractor may also use the recent AASHTO
Specification for Highway Bridges after obtaining approval from ERA.

6.10.3.3 Submittals and Design Calculations

The Contractor shall prepare all plans and calculations in support of the design and in the
accordance with the standards provided in this section of the Contract Document. The Plan and
calculations shall be submitted to ERA/Employer’s Representative as a draft for review and
comments. Any comments on the draft plan and calculations will be returned to the Contractor
for incorporating the comments during the finalization of the documents. The Final report shall
be submitted to ERA/ Employer’s Representative for approval after addressing the comments.
The final report must be approved by ERA prior to commencement of any activity related with
the construction of bridges.
For the items listed below (as a minimum) the Contractor is expected to prepare design
calculations. Design calculations shall be annotated with specific references to the applicable
design specification sections.
 Superstructure
 Connections
 Substructure
 Foundations
The Contractor shall prepare structure drawing(s) that show all details necessary for
construction of the bridge. The following (as a minimum) is an estimate of the contract plan
sheets required for typical simple span structure:
Table 6.7: Drawings to be submitted
Sheet Description Sheet Description
A Plan View, Elevation View, General Notes, K Deck Plan

Profile Grade Diagram
B Foundation Plan, Subsurface Profile, Estimate L Bridge Railing
C Slope Protection M Bridge Railing End block
D Abutment 1 N Transition Railing
E Abutment 2 O Rebar List
F Wing walls P Deck Drainage
G Girder Framing Plan Q Abutment Drainage
H Girder R Bearing
I Girder Details S Expansion Joint
J Typical Section T Approach Slab

6.10.4 Geotechnical Design

6.10.4.1 General Requirements
The Contractor shall evaluate the requirements of the work, and perform geotechnical
explorations, geotechnical analysis, and laboratory testing, sufficient to provide geotechnical
designs and construction for foundations of Bridges and stable slopes.
6.1.1.5 Standards
The following is a list of publications that shall be used for all design and construction. This is
not a comprehensive list and other publications may be required to complete all design and
construction elements. Additional publications may be used upon the approval of ERA. The
Contractor shall request clarification of any ambiguity or conflict in these mandatory standards
from ERA. ERA’s interpretation and decision shall be final.
 ERA Bridge Design Manual (2013)

 ERA Drainage Design Manual (2013)
 ERA Standard Technical Specification (2013)
 ERA Site Investigation Manual (2013)
 ERA Geotechnical Design Manual (2013)
 AASHTO Manual on Subsurface Investigations, recent edition
 AASHTO LRFD Specification, recent edition
 AASHTO Bridge Design Specification , recent edition
 The Manual for Bridge Evaluation-(AASHTO-MBE), recent edition
 AASHTO Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Method for
Sampling and Testing, recent edition

1. Subsurface Investigation Plan (SIP)
The Contractor shall conduct a Subsurface Investigation Plan (SIP) to provide information for
the geotechnical design of foundations for Bridges, Structures, and geological hazard prone
areas including slide susceptible areas, high fill and deep cut sections. The exploration work for
these sites shall be carried out as set out in the standards and references. The Contractor shall
determine the specific locations, frequency, and scope of Subsurface Investigation Plan.
The SIP shall be submitted to ERA for review and comment prior to start-up of any earthwork
or excavation. This submittal shall include the number and depths of the proposed borings and
field investigations, and the proposed sampling and testing, to meet the minimum requirements
of the project. Borehole drilling shall be done for all sites as per the requirements of ERA Site
Investigation Manual (2013).
Soil Properties used for design shall be determined in accordance with the standards and
references given for this section. Field tests shall be conducted in general accordance with
appropriate AASHTO and ERA Standards.
Following completion of exploratory work, all boring locations shall be surveyed, and stations
and offset, elevation and plane coordinates, shall be determined and included on the boring

logs. Following drilling and laboratory work, the Contractor shall retain samples and shall
provide samples to ERA, if requested, before the start of any excavation work.
2. Laboratory Tests
Laboratory testing of collected soils and groundwater samples shall be conducted in accordance
with the applicable ERA manual and AASHTO testing procedures. Laboratories conducting
geotechnical testing shall be Ethiopian registered soil and material laboratories. The contractor
shall verify for calibration of all the necessary laboratory equipment. All test results shall be
included in the Draft and Final Geotechnical Reports.
For geotechnical Analysis, Index parameter such as Cohesion(C) and angle of friction (Ф) shall
be determined from laboratory and if required the value will be verified by empirical formulas.
3. Field Logs
The field logs shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of ERA manual and
AASHTO Standards. Logs of all field explorations shall be included in the Contractor’s Draft and
Final Geotechnical Report for the Project.
6.10.4.3 Geotechnical Analysis

The Contractor shall perform geotechnical and engineering geologic analysis (such as bearing
capacity computation for all bridge foundations, ground water study, slope stability analysis for
all slide susceptible areas, high embankment (>8mt) if the area is prone for instability, Deep cut(
>6 mt) if the area is prone for stability) based on the findings from subsurface investigations and
laboratory testing programs, and results of engineering analysis, in accordance with the ERA
Manuals and standard publications referenced herein.
6.10.5 Bridge Foundation Design

All new bridge foundations shall be designed as described in ERA’s Bridge Design Manual
and/or recent AASHTO Bridge Design Specification. The Contractor shall use ERA’s
2013Standard Specification for all works related with Bridge Foundation Construction. The
Contractor may develop any road project specification required to address work not covered by
ERA’s 2013 Standard Specifications. All project specification developed or modified by the
Contractor require ERA’s approval prior to application during construction.
6.10.6 Submittals/Deliverables
All submittals shall be submitted in draft form to ERA/ Employer’s Representative for review and
compliance with the Contract Document and the standards referenced herein. Comments
submitted by ERA/Employer’s Representative shall be addressed by the Contractor to the
satisfaction of ERA. Final versions of deliverables shall be signed and sealed by either a
geotechnical engineer or an engineering geologist.
The following copies of document shall be submitted to ERA:
 Subsurface Investigation Plan (4copies Draft and 4Copies Final)

 Geotechnical Report (4copies Draft and 4Copies Final)

The Contractor shall prepare a Final Geotechnical Report that summarizes the results of field
and laboratory investigation programs, engineering studies and geotechnical design
recommendations.
6.11 Retaining Walls

The Contractor shall perform structural analysis and design of retaining walls and structures
required to retain embankments and/or cut slopes in the project.
6.11.2 Standards
The Contractor shall design and construct Retaining walls in accordance with the following
specifications & guidelines.
 Recent AASHTO Specification for design of Highway Bridges

 ERA’s 2013 Bridge design manual
 Other internationally accepted design manuals proposed by the Contractor and
approved by ERA.
6.11.3 Performance Requirements

The retaining structures shall be designed and checked for safety against sliding, overturning,
bearing, settlement and any other structural failure.
The Contractor shall design, furnish and construct retaining walls for the project. The following
list of retaining walls is acceptable for consideration for permanent applications.
 Gravity walls
 Cast-in-place cantilever walls with or without counter forts.
 Other internationally acceptable types of retaining walls like reinforced earth retaining
walls, soil nailing etc., in which case it is the Contractor’s own responsibility to confirm
safety, functionality and sustainability of the retaining structures using internationally
accepted design standards, manuals and construction specifications which address the
special considerations and requirements related with these type of retaining structures.
6.12 Safety Barriers and Marker Posts

The Design-Builder shall design, furnish, and install highway safety barriers for all roadways in
accordance with the requirements of this contract, including referenced standards and

publications, performance requirements, design and construction criteria, and submittals.

General
6.12.1.1 Safety Barrier (Guardrail)
(a) Steel Rail Guardrail
This is the most common worldwide configuration of guardrail. This flexible barrier allows energy
absorption by the barrier, leading to less severe accidents. Steel rail shall be supported by steel
posts and special attention should be paid to the end sections, which should not be blunt. The
safest configuration is for the end section to be buried into the side slope.
Short sections of steel guardrail should be employed on approaches to all bridges and shall
also be provided at low fill box and slab culverts.
(b) Grouted Rock Guardrail
This rigid barrier makes economic sense in that it employs materials available locally in its
construction, and serves as a means of labor-intensive employment. However, the rail tends to
be of a wider configuration than the steel guardrail, and therefore, requires a larger construction
width. As it is of solid and substantial construction, it also represents a hazard of itself. This
could be mitigated by the inclusion of end sections, and by the employment of a cross-section
more closely approximating to that of a Jersey barrier.
If the contractor opts for this type of guardrail, he should be aware that the provision of the
guardrail should not affect the effective width of the shoulder (as given in previous sections for
different terrain classifications and other prevailing conditions). Moreover, the shoulder shall
extend by a minimum of an additional 0.5 m (excluding the width of the barrier) as a lateral
support for the barrier.
6.12.1.2 Marker Posts
Marker posts have the function of controlling traffic to encourage safe and expeditious
operation. There are two types of marker posts in use - guideposts and kilometer posts.
Guideposts are intended to make drivers aware of potential hazards such as abrupt changes in
shoulder width, abrupt changes in the alignment, and approaches to structures etc.
6.12.2.1 General
The Contractor shall design and install safety barriers in accordance with the following
specifications & guide lines.
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurements for Road
works,
 Drawings given in Annex

6.12.2.2 Conflicts and priority

If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical
Specifications or other standards with the highest priority. The Contractor shall also use the
most current version of each listed standard.
6.12.2.3 Ambiguity
be final.
Safety barriers protect roadside facilities from vehicle impact and reduce the risk of accidents.
The purpose of the barrier is to absorb or deflect the impact with as little severity as possible.
Marker posts have the function of controlling traffic to encourage safe and expeditious
operation.
Both safety barriers and marker posts should be placed sufficiently far from the carriageway
edge so as not to cause a hazard to vehicles, nor to reduce the effective width of the
carriageway.
6.12.3.1 Steel Rail Guardrail:
Metal plate beam guardrail shall comply with ERA’s Standard Technical Specifications, Series
9000, Division 9300.
As ERA 2013 manual may not specifically differentiate locations requiring guard rails and guide
posts. Accordingly, the following shall be provided.
a) On approaches to all bridges (all four corners, minimum length = 30*4)

b) On all embankments with fill height greater than 6 meters
c) On steep side slopes in mountainous and escarpment sections
d) On sharp curves
e) On box and slab culverts where fill height is less than 1,090 mm
i. Provision of Steel Guard Rail for at Grade Slab/Box Culvert:-
Provide circular steel tube post and railing or reinforced concrete post and railing
or combination of reinforced concrete post and steel rail throughout the width of
slab/box culvert and install steel rail guard rail at four corners of the culvert
approach (minimum length=15*4) (refer Appendix – B, B-2)
ii. Provision of Steel Guard Rail for Slab/Box Culvert with fill height not at grade :-
Provide circular steel tube post and railing embedded on top of an edge beam
throughout the width of slab/box culvert. The edge beam shall be constructed to
accommodate the fill height on top of the culvert prior to provision of the railing.
Install steel rail guard rail at four corners of the culvert approach (minimum
length=15*4) (refer Appendix – B, B-2)

f) On fill heights 3-6m and sharp curves, it shall be treated with guide posts.
6.12.3.2 Grouted Rock Guardrail:
This type of guardrail is an alternative option to steel rail guardrail. Before opting for this
alternative, the Contractor should check the availability of wide width configuration after
shoulder end point and ensure the provision of lateral fill support with minimum width of 0.5 m
behind the wall as indicated in the standard drawings.
This type of guardrail shall be provided:
a) On all embankments with fill height greater than 6 meters
b) On steep side slopes in mountainous and escarpment sections
c) On sharp curves
6.12.3.3 Guide Posts
Guide posts shall be provided:
a) At locations where there is change in shoulder width, (guide posts should be placed at
50m intervals)
b) Embankment sections where fill height is between 3m to 6m.
c) At curves as per Table 14-1,ERA’s Geometric Design Manual 2013
d) At all Culverts , one at each corner, total No. 4
6.12.3.4 Kilometer Posts
Kilometer posts must be placed every one kilometer alternatively left and right hand side past
the edge of the shoulder.
6.13 Road Furniture and Traffic Calming

6.13.1 General
Road furniture and traffic calming are intended to improve the driver's perception and to
encourage safe and expeditious operation. Road markings delineate the pavement edges and
thereby clarify the paths that vehicles are to follow.
The Contractor shall use road furniture such as Traffic Signs, Pavement Markings and Road
Studs, where required. These road furniture should indicate certain regulations or hazardous
conditions. Other pavement markings such as pedestrian crossings and various word and
symbol markings shall also be used where required.
The Contractor shall use traffic calming measures to regulate the movement of motorized traffic
on a road and to reduce the speeds of motorized traffic at junctions. The Contractor shall use
rumble strips and bumps where required.


6.13.2.1 General
The Contractor shall design and install pavement markings in accordance with the following
specifications and guidelines.
 ERA’s 2013Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement for

Roadworks
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Drawing
 Any other standard proposed by the Contractor and approved by ERA
6.13.2.2 Conflicts and priority
If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical
Specifications or other standards with the highest priority. The Contractor shall also use the
most current version of each listed standard.
6.13.2.3 Ambiguity
be final.
Effective road furniture and traffic calming measures shall be used as a means of informing,
guiding, warning, and controlling drivers.
6.13.3.1 Traffic Signs
The Contractor shall be supply and erect sufficient traffic signs as a means of informing, warning
and controlling drivers. These traffic signs shall be Regulatory, Warning and Informatory signs
where required. All traffic signs shall be manufactured with retro reflective sheeting so that the
traffic signs are visible at night.
6.13.3.2 Pavement Marking Materials
The Contractor must design for orderly and predictable movement of all traffic to ensure the
safe and informed operation of the traffic system
Pavement marking shall comprise edge lines, centerlines, overtaking lines, and pavement
arrows, word messages of any traffic markings necessary to provide for the orderly and
predictable movement of all traffic throughout the project. The Contractor shall consider
pavement markings when developing the geometric layout of the project.
The Contractor shall improve the nighttime visibility of these markings by mixing small glass
beads into the paint or thermoplastic before applying it to the road surface in accordance with
ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement for Roadworks.

6.13.3.3 Road Studs

The Contractor shall furnish & install road studs along the centerline of the road in accordance
with ERA’s 2013 Standard Specification supplemented by Project Road Specifications.
6.13.3.4 Traffic Calming
The Contractor shall furnish & construct traffic calming in accordance with ERA’s 2013 Standard
Specification supplemented by Project Road Specifications.
6.13.3.5 Right of Way Marker Posts
The Contractor shall install Right-of-way Marker Posts. The markers are installed for the
particular purpose of marking the highway right-of-way boundary line.
The Contractor shall design, furnish& install Road Furniture and Traffic Calming as provided in
ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement for Road works.
The Contractor shall:
 Furnish and install all signs, posts, foundations & associated materials.
 Install and construct the signs to conform to the requirements of ERA’s 2013 Standard
Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement for Road works
 Provide positive guidance to the traveling public at all times during construction by the
use of new traffic signs to ensure safe and informed operation while traffic is maintained
on the roadway.
The traffic sign system shall:
 Provide for uniformity in shape, color, dimensions legends, illumination and reflectivity
as provided in ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Method of
Measurement for Road works
 Provide adequate time for proper motorist response.
 Provide for ease of maintenance & service
The Contractor shall install Right-of-way Marker Posts for the particular purpose of marking the
highway right-of-way boundary line.
A standard drawing for Right of way Marker post is attached in Appendix for reference and it
shall meet the following requirements:
1. It shall be constructed with reinforced concrete of concrete Grade C-20/20 and
mild steel bars grade 300. The material and construction requirement shall be
in conformity with ERA standard specification.
2. The boundary markers shall have letters denoting “ERA R/W” and Ethiopian
Roads Authority standard logo (sticker) on the side facing to the highway/road
as indicated on the attached drawing. It shall also conform to the dimensions
indicated therein.

3. The lettering and symbols shall confirm to ERA standard specification or any
accepted international standards. The markers are required to have a smooth
workmanship like finish free from cracks, patches, honeycomb, exposed
reinforcement, and excessive bubble holes.
4. The right-of-way markers is required to be set 200 meters apart on either side of
the road and shall be visible from each of the adjacent markers. Terrain
characteristic and construction limit may call for modification and the Employer’s
Representative will determine the locations accordingly,
5. Markers shall be placed at the beginning and end of the project and at a place
where the right-of-way is unusual or where clarification of the right-of-way is
necessary. Where a deflection occurs in the right-of-way line markers shall be
placed at deflection point.
6. In broad terms, it shall be placed at all points of change in the actual right-of-way
boundary regardless of the spacing between the adjacent markers.
7. They are set plumb to the depth required on the drawing. Portions of the holes
not occupied by markers are backfilled and compacted in layers with suitable
material to the level of the original ground. The markers may not be displaced
during backfilling. The excavation and backfilling operation, and the backfill
material shall be in accordance with ERA standard specification for structures.
8. Markers are typically set with one meters exposed face and shall be painted with
orange reflective paints.
6.14 Medians and median openings

Medians will form an integral part of the cross section in town and developing town section areas
as indicated in the typical sections. Median breaks shall be designed at appropriate locations to
create connections with other connecting roads and to serve important abutting facilities.
However, medians should not be broken too frequently to give balanced emphasis to through
traffic movements and crossing and turning traffic shall be managed to minimize conflict points.
Considering the forgoing and in accordance with AASHTO, a preferred spacing at 400 to 800
m is suitable in most instances. Fixed spacing is not necessary, nor is it fitting in all cases
because of variations in terrain and local service needs.
A minimum median opening width of 22m and 44m for semi-circular nose for mid-block median
openings and for junction median openings with near 90 degrees angle of turn respectively shall
be provided in accordance with AASHTO – Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. The
effect of skew shall be considered as per the same manual.
6.15 Service Ducts

The Contractor shall design and construct service ducts for easy installation and maintenance
of existing, new and future utilities and other services. The service ducts/pipes shall be laid at

locations designated by the Employer’s Representative / Employer in towns, developing towns

and village sections across the carriageway.
Materials, layouts and configurations of all service ducts shall be approved by the Employer’s
Representative.
Service ducts shall be constructed from one or more of the following materials as a minimum:
 Normal-duty UPVC 150mm diameter pipes in accordance with AASHTO M278;
 Service ducts shall be encased in concrete at all crossing locations and installed at a
depth in accordance with the standard.
The Contractor shall design and construct at the end of each duct a marker block.
6.16 Control of Work and Material

6.16.1 Construction Specification
The 2013 ERA’s Standard Technical Specifications and Methods of Measurement for Road
works shall be used by the Contractor as a minimum requirement for material and construction
requirements to address project specific needs. The Contractor may supplement these
specifications for materials and construction items and procedures if not adequately covered by
them so as to produce an improved level of quality demanded in this section provided that ERA
approves these additional needs.
Technical Specifications Special Provisions may be written only for items not addressed by
ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement for Road works,
and may not be used as a means of changing ERA’s Standard Specifications.
Before construction activities can begin, the Contractor shall review, prepare and submit for
review a signed construction specification package for the project, containing all applicable
Divisions and Special Provisions in hard and softcopies to ERA/ Employer’s Representative.
The signed specifications package shall also include individually signed and sealed Technical
Provisions for any and all work not addressed by ERA’s standard Specifications.
The Contractor must account for this review time in its schedule. Upon review and approval by
ERA/Employer’s Representative, the Construction Specification Package will be stamped
“Released for Construction” and initialed and dated by the reviewer.
Measurement and Payment provisions of the construction specification shall be Lump sum
basis and shall be paid upon completion of each of the work items pursuant to the payment
schedule indicated under Appendix to Tender/Bid.

6.16.2 Plans and Working Drawings
 The Contractor is responsible for the design and will be required to provide project
Design Documents to ERA/Employer’s Representative for review and approval.
 The Contractor shall construct the Project in accordance with the approved and
Released Construction Documents.
 One full set of the Released construction documents shall be kept on the project site at
all times during construction.
 Reviews, inspections, tests, and approvals conducted by ERA/Employer’s
Representative and others acceptance/approval will not absolve the Contractor’s
obligation under the contract of the design, the materials or Work reviewed, tested, or
inspected. ERA/Employer’s Representative may reject or accept any design, Work or
materials, request changes, and/or identify additional Work that must be done to bring
the project into compliance with contract requirements at any time prior to the Final
acceptance of the contract, whether or not ERA/Employer’s Representative or any such
Persons conducted pervious reviews inspections, tests, or approvals. The Contractor
shall not be relived of obligations to perform the Work in accordance with the Contract
Documents or any of its obligations, by reviews, tests, inspections, or approvals
performed by any Persons, or by any failure of any Person to take such action.
 Shop and working drawings for permanent work shall include structural steel
fabrications, expansion joint fabrications, anchor bolt layouts, shop details, erection
plans, equipment lists, and any other information and details as required to adequately
control the Work. Shop and working drawings shall be reviewed and approved by the
Employer’s Representatives. Work shall not be performed or materials ordered until
working drawings for such work, or changes thereto, are approved. Such approval shall
not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the successful completion of the Work.
 The Contractor shall be responsible for agreement of dimensions and details as well as
for conformity of his working drawings with the Contract. The Contractor shall indicate
all deviations from the contract and shall also itemize and explain all deviations in the
letter of transmittal.
 Upon receipt of an approved copy of the shop working drawings, the Contractor shall
furnish to ERA/Employer’s Representative:
 Two approved sets of prints
 An electronic file that is viewable and printable with ERA/Employer’s Representative
hardware and software.
6.16.3 Conformity with Contract and Contractor’s Plans and Specifications
 Perform Work and furnish materials to meet contract requirements, including the
requirements established in the “Released for Construction” Design Documents.
 When Work fails to meet the Contract requirements but is adequate to serve the Work’s
intended purpose, ERA/Employer’s Representative will decide the extent to which the
Works will be accepted and remain in place. The ERA/Employer’s Representative will
document the basis of acceptance by change Order and adjust payment. This may be
effected by comparing the costs of the actual activity and the one required as per the
contract, and deducting the difference from the payment to be due to the Contractor.

 Remove, replace, or correct Work at the Contractor’s expense when a work item does
not meet specified requirements and results in work inadequate to serve the design
purpose.
6.17 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) plan

Contractor shall submit its QA/QC plan to ERA for review and approval at the meeting held after
Date of Commencement. Along with QA/QC plan submittal, the quality assurance Manager
(QAM) shall provide a presentation of the QA/QC plan for both design and construction utilizing
project related scenarios. The deadline of submission of this QA/QC plan is 90 days from date
of commencement.
6.17.1 Design Quality Management Plan

The Contractor is responsible for design quality. The QA manager (QAM), assigned by the
Contractor, shall be responsible for overall management of the QA/QC programs for design.
This individual, who shall report directly to the Contractor’s Project manager, is essentially
responsible for all of the design QA activities. The QAM shall maintain close communication
with the Contractor’s Project Manager and shall ensure the Project is completed in accordance
with the requirements of the Contract Documents. The QAM shall perform all of the design
oversight reviews. ERA and the ERA’s Representative will participate in these reviews. Under
this procedure, the QAM will provide ERA/Employer’s Representative with draft design plan for
review and approval to confirm that the design work complies with the requirements of the
Contract Documents prior to initiation of construction activities on the Project.
Plans to be reviewed shall be submitted to ERA/Employer’s Representative who will review and
approve the plans. ERA shall have the right to review and comment on all Draft Plans and
Specifications and Special Provisions for compliance with the requirements of the Contract
Documents and Reference Documents.
The Contractor shall be responsible to satisfy all such requirements and acknowledge that ERA
will have the right to disapprove any design approach that it is not in compliance with the
requirements of the Contract documents and Referenced.
The Contractor shall revise and modify all draft design plans so as to fully reflect all comments
and shall deliver to ERA/Employer’s Representative the revised submittal, who will distribute
plans to appropriate ERA staff for review and comments. Final plans are to be submitted to ERA
for review and approval by the Employer’s Representative prior to the construction of the
element. The time frame for plan review and approval shall be in accordance the requirement
of the Contract Documents.
6.17.2 Construction Quality Management Plan (CQMP)

By way of complying with the requirements of the Standard Specification and Project
Specifications; the contractor shall develop a Quality Control System which shall be described
in its Quality Control Manual (QCM). This shall be presented in draft in four (4) copies, two (2)
to ERA and two (2) to the Supervisor, for review and comment during the mobilization period.

The contractor shall modify the QCM if required and submit controlled copies of the final
document for the use of ERA and the Supervisor also in four (4) plus two (2) copies. The QCM
shall be in a suitable binding approved by the Supervisor so that the QCM can be updated from
time to time on approval by the Supervisor.
The Quality Control Manual shall include inter alia:
 The Contractor’s general approach in providing a Quality Control System.

 The QC organization with details of staffing and interrelationships and responsibilities
within the contractor’s organization and with the Supervisor.
 A detailed description of the request system for checking completed works and for the
inspection of elements when required prior to performing works.
 Methods and frequency of testing for all elements of the works.
 Reporting procedures.
 Procedures for rectifying deficiencies identified.
 Standard Formats proposed for use in the system with a description of how they are to
be used during the project.
 Software proposed for use in maintaining system records and reporting. Where the
contractor proposes software for use in the system copies must be provided for the free
use of both ERA and the Supervisor.
The methods of reporting and any standard formats proposed must be compatible with the
inputs required by ERA’s record system. The QC Manual must be in conformance with the
requirements of the Standard Specification and Project Specifications.
6.18 Utility
The Contractor shall carry out the necessary investigations to identify the location of all existing
public utilities within the right-of-way and provide accurate records of such to the Employer’s
Representative prior to commencement of the Works.
The Contractor’s investigations shall include but not be limited to:
 Obtaining copies of the services plans from local authorities and service authorities,
 The excavation and backfilling of trial pits to locate services, and,
 Preparation of service drawings to a suitable scale or scales showing the location of all
services at site.
The Contractor shall appoint the appropriate person to carry out these duties, liaise with the
authorities and the public and maintain and report on services records. These records shall be
in a form(s) approved by the Employer’s Representative.
The Contractor shall notify the Employer’s Representative, and provide accurate records, of any
public utilities encountered during the execution of the Works. He shall take all necessary steps
to prevent damage to and safeguard any such services.

The Contractor shall co-operate with the public utility authorities in the removal and relocation
of any underground or overhead services or facilities so as to safeguard and minimize disruption
to the services. In the event of a utility service being interrupted as a result of damage caused
by the Contractor, the Contractor shall promptly notify the authority concerned and be
responsible for the cost of any repairs that are required to restore the services.
The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions not to cause damage to the existing
services during construction. All pipes, cables, conduits or other services of any nature
whatsoever damaged as a result of the Contractor’s operations shall be repaired and reinstated
forthwith by the Contractor or by the Authority concerned, all at the expense of the Contractor
and to the satisfaction of the Employer’s Representative.
Whenever services are encountered which need to be relocated, the Contractor shall
immediately notify to the Employer’s Representative. The Employer/Employer’s Representative
will arrange the relocation or removal of utilities such as telephone and electricity lines, water
and/or sewerage pipes, etc. with the relevant authorities and shall make payment for any
associated compensation. A maximum of 4 months will be required for the relocation or removal
of a utility service in rural areas and a maximum of 6 months in urban areas.
The contractor shall co-operate with the public utility authorities in the removal and relocation
of any underground or overhead services or facilities so as to safeguard and minimize disruption
to the services.
At 500m (mostly recommended) spacing the service ducts/utility ducts shall cross the
carriageway and at these locations concrete manhole shall be constructed on both sides of the
road for the purpose of inspection and maintenance. Road crossing spacing, size of concrete
manhole and detail shall be as shown on the design drawings submitted by the service provider
Authorities. However, through formal a discussion among Employer’s Representative, service
provider authorities and Contractor design modification for utility lines might be accepted, if the
modification is approved by the client.
Below the carriageway the depth of excavation shall allow the service ducts/utility ducts to pass
below the invert of longitudinal side drainage system constructed under the pedestrian walkway.
Excavating, laying and bedding the pipes shall be in accordance with the ERA’s 2013 Standard
Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Roadworks and AACRA Design
Manual (2004) with any modifications as may be necessary and approved by the client.
6.19 Environmental
6.19.1 General
The Design-Builder shall make assessments and identify sensitive environmental and social
components within the project influence areas prior to commencement of works; and first try to
avoid impacts to the environmental resources, the community, and historic, cultural, and
archaeological resources as well as sites of scientific value. Avoidance will be made but not

limited to, by identifying alignments outside of the wildlife conservation sites and wildlife
habitats. If impacts are unavoidable, the Design-Builder shall make every effort to minimize the
unavoidable impacts.
The Design-Builder shall make assessment and identify the sensitive forest area within the
project influence to avoid impacts on biodiversity, genetic resources and ecosystem functions.
The design- builder should make consultation with the local administrator, Regional and federal
Forest Protection Authority. The Design-Builder shall change or avoid the road route alignments
incases larger portion of the road route passes in any protected area preserved as natural
vegetation conservation area or planted forest development area by the local administration/or
privately owned; besides, incases the road route passes or in a very close proximity to water
bodies such as lakes, the road route alignment should shift some 300 meters and any project
activity shall be avoided nearby to the water bodies identified.
The Design-Builder shall foster good relationships with federal, regional, and local agencies,
and local stakeholders by ensuring that the commitments the Employer has made are reflected
in the project’s final design and fulfilled during construction. The Design-Builder shall
accomplish this by meeting or exceeding all environmental requirements listed in the contract.
The Design-Builder shall comply with all federal, regional and local laws, proclamations,
regulations, and ordinances (throughout this chapter referred to as regulations) and receive no
violations in law.
6.19.2 Mandatory Standards
Archeological and other resources might be encountered up on excavations. The design should
attempt to avoid alignments that conflict with such cultural, physical and historical heritages as
far as possible. In case avoidance is found impossible, then the design- builder should liaise
with the culture and tourism offices, and other concerned bodies on measures to be taken. The
Design-Builder will be required to orient and aware its workforce on these issues upon
mobilization and make the necessary arrangement for monitoring and control measures. Hence,
the Contractor shall be aware that it must thoroughly inspect the site carefully (at tender stage)
in order to be able to comply with the minimum requirements of the contract document. As
prevention is always better than cure the Contractor is advised to take all measures to minimize
the negative impacts to the environment; as far as practically possible; at design stage.
Large number of pocket area natural vegetation or planted vegetation are encountered in the
road project route both in Kofele-Kore-Shire-Koji-katara road project and Arsi-Negele-Bilalo
Junction (Golijota town) road project sections. The Design-Builder should protect trees and
vegetation found outside of the route alignment and the design must be proactive enough that
it minimizes the number of trees to be removed. The usage or collection of removed trees from
the road corridor shall be decided by the ERA, since ERA will pay compensation payment for
the removed trees and the Design-Builder should make a consultation with ERA and local
administrator on the collection of trees to be removed. Therefore, the Design - Builder should
avoid collecting of the removed trees by the project staff for firewood, coal production and any
others uses or purpose.

Construction of the project works will generate large quantities of spoil material especially on
the new alignment if the re-aliment is required during a construction. It is likely that there will be
occasions when unsuitable existing road material will need to be removed and disposed of,
while in areas requiring road width increase also produce excess excavated soil material to be
cleared. Road side disposal can result in the damage of down slope vegetation and the
stimulation of erosion, in addition, material eroded from the spoil itself can be deposited in
watercourses, with adverse effects on channel morphology and capacity to convey flood flows.
The Design-Builder should avoid the road side disposal and spoil material will be only disposed
of at sites which have been approved by the Engineer and in accordance.
Implement the environmental commitments of the Project in accordance with the relevant
environmental proclamations, regulations, guidelines as well as the requirements of the
standards and publications listed below.
Mandatory Standards and Reference Documents that shall be used by the Design-Builder when
designing and building the project are:
 Ethiopian Roads Authority, 2013 Environmental Management System Manual
(two volumes)
 Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority Guidelines and
 Regional Environmental Protection Guidelines (if any).
 ERA. Quality Manual Vol.5,2012
 ERA. HIV/AIDS Policy,2004
 ERA. Procedural ESIA Guideline,2003
 FDRE, The New proclamation of Expropriation of Landholding for Public
Purposes, Payments of Compensation and Resettlement (Proc.
No.1161/2019)
 FDRE, Regulation on Expropriation of Landholding for Public Purposes,
Payments of Compensation and Resettlement (Reg. No. 472/2020)
 FDRE, Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization Proclamation
(Proclamation No. 1065-2018)
 FDRE. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation
No.299/2002)
 FDRE. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation
No.300/2002)
 FDRE. Labor Proclamation (Proc. No.1156/2019)
 FDRE. Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (Proc. No. 209/2000)
 FDRE. Solid Waste Management (Proc. No. 513/2007)
 FDRE. Public Health Proclamation (Proc. No. 200/2000)
 MoLSA. (2007). the Occupational Safety & Health Directive. Addis Ababa
The Design-Builder shall undertake to prepare and implement an Environmental Compliance

and Monitoring Plan; after a thorough Environmental and Social Impact Assessment through
which the selected route passes; which shall be incorporated in the Quality Management Plan

that identifies key personnel roles and responsibilities, identifies procedures for environmental
compliance, establishes procedures for identifying and correcting non-compliance and
establishes procedures for emergency response.
The Environmental Compliance Plan shall include the following plus others deemed appropriate
by the Design-Builder in order to achieve environmental performance requirements as set in the
contract clauses and specifications: The contractor shall submit the following information and
documentation, at a minimum, to the Employer:
 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (full scale)
 Commitment Implementation
 Environmental and Social Management Plan
 Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan
 Environmental Construction Monitoring Reports;
 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Plan;
 Archaeological Survey and Monitoring Plan;
 Wetlands Delineations;
 Land Acquisition Plan for Ancillary Works;
 Health and Safety Plan;
 Temporary Traffic Management Plan; and
 HIV/AIDS program implementation plan.
The Design-Builder shall undertake design level assessment of environmental aspect existing
situation of the project influence areas, through which environmental issues and concerns are
identified, likely adverse environmental and social impacts are identified and proposal for
mitigation measures are made.
 The Design-Builder has to clearly identify project specific environmental and
social issues and the significant likely impact to be caused by the project
activities. The assessment identifies sensitive environmental components, the
likely adverse impact on those environmental aspects, and proposes
mitigation action to be considered during the construction phase activities.
 The environmental and Social assessment findings should be used as inputs
for the construction phase Environmental Compliance Monitoring plan
preparation.
 The Environmental and Social Management plan should be conducted for the
identification and assessment of Environmental and social impact which
specific to the project activities and project area and mitigation measures
should be made in accordance.
 The Design - builder should give due attention for the natural or planted
vegetation found in some pocket areas of the road project routes in both
sections. This means the design builder should not remove any tree found out
of the ROW. The design must be proactive enough to prepare appropriate
mitigation measures that minimizes the number of trees to be removed
including avoiding location of any auxiliary site (Camp, Quarry, Borrow,
Crusher plant and spoil area) inside planted or natural vegetation area.

The Design-Builder shall prepare Environmental Compliance Monitoring plan based on the
design level ESIA findings, and following the relevant National Policy guidelines and
Environmental procedures manual prepared by ERA. Accordingly:
 The Design- Builder shall prepare and implement Environmental Compliance
Monitoring plan that identifies methodologies for implementation of
environmental and safety mitigation measures, key personnel roles and
responsibilities, identifies procedures for identifying and correcting
noncompliance and establishes procedures for emergency response.
 The Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan shall be incorporated in the
overall Quality Management plan of the Project.
The Design-Builder shall comply with all applicable Laws. The Design-Builder is responsible for
Environmental Impact Assessment re-evaluation required for the proposed Work.
The Design-Builder shall submit to the Employer copies of all environmental related reports.
6.19.4 Design and Construction Criteria (Commitments)
A) Design Phase Commitments

The Contractor shall undertake Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) re-
evaluation of the proposed work prior to embarking for construction activities, and considers
relevant environmental issues and findings in the design.
The Design-Builder shall take note of these peculiar nature of the project area, and gives due
considerations in the design and during alignment selection processes.
 The Design-Builder shall familiarize itself with the relevant policies and legal
frameworks, and present brief description of the relevant environmental policies and
guidelines, legal and institutional frameworks within which the project shall be
implemented. The policies and proclamations will include the Environmental policy of
Ethiopia, conservation strategies at federal and regional level, ESIA proclamations,
proclamation on development, conservation and utilization of wildlife, proclamations on
preservation and protection of cultural and historical heritages and religious
establishments, land use and administration proclamations, proclamations on
preservation and use of forest resources, etc.
 The Design-Builder shall make brief discussion of the project and on the activities to be
undertaken, sites to be occupied temporarily by the project and to be developed for
ancillary works.
 The Design-Builder shall conduct environmental scoping to define the scope of
environmental impacts, identify zone of influence of the road project impacts, and
identify valued or sensitive environmental components falling within the influence areas
of the project. For these activities the Contractor shall make site visits and investigation;
contact the relevant stakeholders including; The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT),
the Wildlife Conservation Authority, local administration, the community and interested
groups in the area, and conduct consultation and group discussions with all of the
stakeholders. The views and opinions of the consulted group will be considered as input
for the impact’s analyses and for identification of the mitigation measure to be taken.
The plans and programs of those developers and investors engaged in the area will be

envisaged and integrated with the road design, in such a way that conflicts will not arise
at a later stage, resulting in adverse social as well as environmental impacts.
 The assessment will specifically focus on the road corridor and zone of direct influence
including; the road route alignment, material sites, spoil soil disposal sites, detour roads,
access roads to material and facilities sites, camp sites, plant sites, garage and
workshop sites.
 The Design-Builder shall conduct assessment of baseline environmental conditions,
including examination of the overall site environmental conditions. Such assessment
includes but not limited to existing land use /land cover, sites of cultural, historical and
physical archeological resources, dense forests, water bodies (such as Lakes, rivers,
streams, reservoir’s, springs etc., that can/may have different values) and wildlife habitat
etc. Assess also downstream road side environmental conditions like; sensitive
heritages, wetlands and water bodies, crop fields, erosion prone sites, settlement sites,
etc.
 The Design-Builder shall carry out consultation with relevant Federal or Regional Forest
and Wildlife Conservation related authorities in collaboration with the project weredas or
districts (such as Kofele & Kore Weredas of West-Arsi zone and Limuna-Bilbilo &
Munesa Weredas of Arsi zone) relevant forest and Wild Life Conservation Office in
devising mechanisms to avoid a cut of trees or vegetation or to minimize/reduce
clearance of vegetation or trees systematically.
 The Design-Builder shall carry out the necessary investigations to identify the location
of all heritage sites, houses and properties, existing public utilities, sacred places like
churches, mosques and burial places/ graveyards or cemetery within the right-of-way
and include in the report accurate records of such findings and present to the Employer.
 The Design-Builder shall analyze the likely impacts of the project based on the baseline
environmental condition assessment, and proposes mitigation measures to be
undertaken for adverse impacts and enhancement measures for positive impacts.
 The Design Builder should count the number of trees to be removed from the ROW and
request for permit before start tree/vegetation clearance or any action will be taken on
the plants and the request must have the approval of the ERA or Employer
representative. The contractor must apply appropriate method and techniques of trees
removal to avoid soil disturbance or keep soil disturbance to an absolute minimum by
marking exact point only within the ROW and start the cut in the proper point.
 The design builder shall give due attention for the tree/vegetation clearance along the
route corridor, particularly for some pocket areas that have dense vegetation coverage.
 The Design Builder should give due consideration for the well cultivated area with long
life plantations Due to huge environmental impacts and huge ROW costs, the design
builder shall try to follow the existing alignment as much as possible.
 The Design-Builder shall give a due attention for the planted trees in the LHS of the
Kofele-Kore-Shire-Koji-katara road route section that are found from station 7 km+ 300
till 11km+150. The giant fully grown trees of Eucalyptus spp., Juniperus procera
(Yehabesha-Tid), Erythrina brucei (Korch), etc., plantation stretches for about 3.5 km in
the aforementioned station with alignment in LHS of the existing gravel road shoulder
that has a very good scenic view for the road and its vicinity; besides, the trees have
more than 60 years old age that needs preservation. Thus, as a mandatory requirement
clearance of these vegetations or trees is prohibited; even though, the existing road

route corridor has wider width, in cases when there is a need of alignment change or
detour it should be done in the RHS of the aforementioned segment.
 The design builder shall give due attention for sediment transport as well flooding in the
stretches along the rivers, streams the design builder shall prevent the movements of
surplus material to the downstream river to avoid the siltation problem from the
downstream hydropower and irrigation reservoirs.
 The Design-Builder shall identify at least three possible alternative routes; carry out
thorough and detail investigation of the route corridor environmental conditions for all
proposed alternative route alignments.
 The design builder shall conduct detailed assessment and impacts analyses of the
selected route alignment.
The impacts analyses will look into;
 loss of plots of land and damages to crop fields
 landscape preservation
 preservation of Trees and shrubbery
 Dense forest
 wildlife habitat and wildlife corridor
 soil erosion and land slide risks
 water resources and water quality
 possibilities of water harvesting
 impacts on downside land uses and properties
 impacts on air quality
 impacts on utility services in towns and villages traversed
 traffic safety
 impacts due to wastes and chemical products
B) Construction Phase Commitments
Preparation of Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan
The Design-Builder shall undertake design level assessment of environmental and social
situation of the Project influence areas, through which environmental issues and concerns are
identified, likely adverse environmental and social impacts are estimated and proposal for
mitigation measures are made.
 The design builder has to clearly identify project specific environmental issues, and the
significant likely impacts to be caused by the Project activities. The assessment
identifies sensitive environmental components, the likely adverse impacts on those
environmental aspects, and proposes mitigation measures to be considered during the
construction phase activities.
 The environmental assessment findings should be used as inputs for the construction
phase Environmental Compliance Monitoring plan preparation.
 Some pocket area natural vegetation or planted vegetation are encountered in both road
project route sections. The Design-Builder should protect trees and vegetation found
outside of the route alignment and the design must be proactive enough that it minimizes
the number of trees to be removed. The usage or collection of removed trees from the
road corridor shall be decided by the ERA, since ERA will pay compensation payment
for the removed trees and the Design-Builder should make a consultation with ERA and

local administrator on the collection of trees to be removed. Therefore, the Design -

Builder should avoid collecting of the removed trees by the project staff for firewood,
coal production and any others uses or purpose.
The design builder shall prepare Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan based on the
design phase ESIA findings, and following the relevant National Policy guidelines and
environmental procedures manuals prepared by ERA. Accordingly;
 The Design-Builder shall prepare and implement Environmental Compliance Monitoring
Plan that identifies methodologies for implementation of environmental and safety
mitigation measures, key personnel roles and responsibilities, identifies procedures for
environmental compliance, establishes procedures for identifying and correcting non-
compliance and establishes procedures for emergency response.
 The Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan shall be incorporated in the overall
Quality Management Plan of the project.
The Environmental Compliance Plan shall include the following plus others deemed appropriate
by the Design-Builder in order to achieve environmental compliance:
1. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (full scale)
2. Commitment Implementation
3. Environmental and Social Management Plan
4. Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan
 The Design-Builder shall comply with all applicable Laws. The Design-Builder is
responsible for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment re-evaluation required for
the proposed Work. The Design-Builder shall submit to the Employer copies of all
environmental reports.
 Environmental and Safety Compliance Monitoring
The Design-Builder shall execute the following in respect of environmental safety compliance
monitoring:
 The Design-Builder shall establish an environmental and safety unit under its
organizational structure for the environmental and safety management during the
construction works. The unit will be led by a qualified and skilled environmental and
safety officer, and will have trained staff under it.
 The Design-Builder shall undertake environmental monitoring based on the
environmental compliance plan and will report to the Employer’s representative
periodically in a regular pattern.
 The Design-Builder shall include environmental and social monitoring report in every
progress report submitted to the Employer’s representative.
 The Design- Builder should verify the species or variety of trees to be removed including
number of trees and propose the method for tree removal during the compliance process
on a case-by-case basis according to the presence of resources to be protected,
operational limitations, and future plans. The Contractor shall seek and obtain approval
of the Employer’s Representative on the methods of trees removal and number of trees
to be removed.

 The Design-Builder shall undertake the planted vegetation monitoring compliance with
the replacement of trees and will report to the Employer’s representative and for forest
protection Authority periodically.
 The Design-Builder will consider and rectify any none – compliances recorded and
transmitted to it by the Employer’s representative within the instructed time frame, and
as stipulated in the letter of instruction by the Employer’s representative.
 Environmental compliance monitoring will be carried out but not limited for the following
environmental issues, and others that would be identified during the environmental
impacts assessment to be done by the Design-Builder.
6.19.5 Landscape Preservation
A) General
The Contractor shall exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and shall conduct its
construction operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring, or defacing of
the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Except where clearing is required for
permanent works, approved construction roads, earthworks operations; all trees, native
shrubbery, and vegetation shall be preserved and shall be protected from damage by the
Contractor's construction operations and equipment. The edges of clearings through trees,
shrubbery, and vegetation shall be irregularly shaped to soften the undesirable visual impact of
straight lines. Movement of labor and equipment within the right-of-way and over routes
provided for access to the work shall be performed in a manner to prevent damage to grazing
land, crops, or property. The Design-Builder should avoid the road side disposal and spoil
material will be only be disposed of at sites which have been approved by the Engineer and in
accordance to avoid the damage of down slope vegetation and the stimulation of erosion.
All unnecessary destruction, scarring, damage, or defacing of the landscape resulting from the
Contractor's activities shall be reinstated, replanted, reseeded or otherwise corrected as
directed by the Employer’s Representative.
B) Haul Roads
The location and alignment of haul roads shall be subject to the approval of the Employer’s
Representative. When no longer required these roads shall, if required by the Employer’s
Representative, be restored to the original contour and made impassable to vehicular traffic.
The surfaces of such roads shall be scarified as necessary to create a condition, which will
facilitate natural re-vegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion.
C) Contractor’s Facilities
Workshop, office, storage and plant areas shall be located and arranged in a manner that will
preserve trees and vegetation to the maximum practicable. The design builder shall provide
sanitary facilities and adopt proper waste management disciplines at all facility locations. On
abandonment, all temporary buildings, including concrete footings and slabs, and all
construction materials and debris shall be removed from the site and disposed of to the
satisfaction of the Employer’s Representative. The area shall be re-graded, as required so that

all surfaces drain naturally, blend with the natural terrain, and are left in a condition that will
facilitate natural re-vegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion.
The contractor shall select location of campsites in collaboration with local authorities, RE and
with Environment, Social and Occupational Health and Safety (ESOHS) Directorate of ERA,
and camps shall only be established at places/locations approved by ERA ESOHS Directorate
and the RE in collaboration with local Officials,
D) Blasting Precautions
The Design–Builder shall prepare plans and methodologies for explosives handling;
(transportation, storage and delivery) and methodology for blasting operation prior to
commencing on site as described elsewhere in this document. The Design-Builder shall select
crusher plant site out of the forest area/ dense vegetation coverage area.
In addition to daily requirements of local regulations, the Contractor shall adopt precautions
when using explosives, which will prevent scattering of rocks, stumps, or other debris outside
the work area, and prevent damage to surrounding trees, shrubbery and vegetation. Blasting
operation should be scheduled in such a way that noise disturbance to the community and
adjacent wildlife habitat will be minimal.
E) Quarries, Borrow Pits, Plant and Storage Areas etc.
The Contractor shall prepare land acquisition request format; including location map that
describes the exiting land cover/land use, and land holding characteristics, location from the
road route, areas to be required; and submits for the approval of the Employer’s Representative
prior to commencing works on the site. Bojober
The Contractor will limit vehicle movement and land disturbance of the material production sites,
to area absolutely required for the work, and avoids excessive damages to the surrounding
environmental resources. Proper site management will be exercised to avoid accidental risks
and damages to properties.
Contractor shall select quarry and borrow sites that are far from settlement and environmentally
sensitive areas including Forest, water bodies, Archeological site, worship places or Sacred
areas or sites, etc.,
Contractor will be responsible for any interference and conflicts with community accesses and
safety of human and properties in the premises of the material production sites.
The contractor shall take lists of all the tree species found in the proposed quarry sites, borrow
areas and detour roads and the exact number of trees to be affected in the presence of
Environmentalist from the Supervision Team and a Forester from the Local Forestry
department. In case of trees inevitably removed, the contractor should replace by planting 10-
15 suitable varieties of trees for each and every affected vegetation’s.
When they are no longer required, all quarry sites, borrow pits and areas used for the disposal
or storage of surplus materials and asphalt plants, shall be reinstated (rehabilitated/restored) by
landscaping including the replacement and spreading of topsoil as directed by and to the
satisfaction of the Employer’s representative.

Contractor shall reinstate/rehabilitate all quarries, borrow sites and storage sites after the
completion of the road construction works, any material sites shall not be left open unless
otherwise approved by ERA ESOHS Directorate and RE (Resident Engineer) upon request from
locals to have the sites open permanently.
The distance along and at right angle to the main road between any two consecutives borrow
sites excluding the access road shall not be less than 5 km in which the contractor shall not
open any new borrow site for the same purpose unless the available borrow material is
substantially consumed. Notwithstanding this, the Engineer may give consent for opening of
additional borrow pits when substantiated with proper justification if the site condition and nature
of project dictate for it.
F) Spoil Soil Management
The Contractor shall assess and identify possible spoil/disposal sites section by section and at
intervals. The Contractor shall seek and obtain approval of the Employer’s representative prior
to using a site for spoil soil disposal.
The contractor should avoid the road side disposal; and spoil material will be only be disposed
of at sites which have been approved by the Engineer and in accordance to avoid the damage
of down slope vegetation and the stimulation of erosion. The contractor should also avoid spoil
areas that can trigger and cause slide and / or any geological hazards. Its therefore, the side-
tipping of spoil material in any location shall be specifically prohibited.
The Design-Builder shall select a site where the material will not erode into any part of the water
bodies or channel network, and where it will not initiate a formerly dormant landslide; therefore,
when planning the location of spoil areas consider how the spoil placement will affect the flow
regime of the channel.
The contractor should Design the placement of spoil to provide for the safe passage of surface
water that collects on the land side of the spoil into the channel. Where necessary contractor
shall use pocket land and gully area which has no any channel network and use pipes, channels
or structures to convey runoff into the channel. In additions where a travel way is needed to
facilitate maintenance along the bank of a channel, place and shape the spoil to provide access
for maintenance or other activities. In general Stockpiles should be located well away from
watercourses and environmentally sensitive areas.
The contractor should plant suitable trees in the spoil site if the spoil site is a grazing land or
community lands. However, if the spoil site is an agricultural land use the topsoil or other suitable
soil material to cover the spoil with a minimum of 10 cm to restore the site into its original
condition.
The contractor shall stockpile the topsoil generated from, main alignment, Quarry site and
borrow pit areas; and redistribute over the entire surface after reinstating the sites when no
more needed.
The Contractor shall stockpile spoil soil generated at appropriate places, preferably adjacent to
borrow/quarry production sites for later use or dispose it at approved disposal sites. The

excavated spoils shall as far as possible be used for re-instatement of temporarily occupied
plots like abandoned material sites.
The distance along and at right angle to the main road between any two-spoil area shall not be
less than 5 km in which the contractor shall not dispose any spoil material.
G) Condition of Approval of Spoiled Material
Approval Relevant conditions applicable to spoil management required by the Conditions of
Approval (CoA) should be as listed below
The contractor shall prepare a Spoil Management Sub Plan. The Sub Plan shall identify how
spoil would be handled, stockpiled, reused and disposed. The Sub Plan shall be prepared
i. In consultation with the EPA and the relevant Councils;
ii. Prior to construction; and
iii. For all relevant sites.
All clean and/or treated spoil shall be reused or recycled where possible and cost effective to
do so. The Proponent shall ensure that spoil generated from construction activities is maximized
in preference to any import of fill. Ancillary facilities must be separated from the nearest
residences by at least 200 meters (or at least 250 meters for a temporary batching plant and
stockpiling sites).
H) Protection of Landslide/Landslip Risks/Slope Stability
The geologic and geotechnical investigation should enable to understand the slope stability
characteristics and associated mass movement risks. It is, therefore, essential that thorough
investigation should be undertaken so as to determine the geologic characteristics of the route
corridor. The joints with respect to the slope, joint spacing, joint width and length, joint roughness
and the type of material filling the joint should be studied in order to assess the rock mass
strength and its tendency for slope failure. Thus, a detailed site investigation is required. Based
on the detailed study appropriate preventive measures shall be taken if potential slope failures
are detected.
Rock slopes are commonly excavated by drill and blast techniques. If improperly used, these
excavation techniques can significantly alter the material properties of the rock mass comprising
the slope. The primary objective of any rock excavation is to minimize the volume of rock
excavated while providing an economical and safe excavation suitable for its intended function.
It should be ensured that proper drill and blast procedures are used in the excavation process.
In order to avoid over break and in situations where excessive amount of rock fall is anticipated,
the Contractor would be advised to use control blasting techniques (such as pre-splitting) to
improve the stability of the excavated slope. The method will produce a smooth slope face and
will reduce the amount of blast–induced fracturing behind the slope face.
6.19.6 Temporary Soil Erosion Control
A) General
These Works shall consist of temporary control measures to control soil erosion and water
pollution by use of berms, dikes, silt fences, brush barriers, dams, sediment basins, filter mats,
netting, gravel, mulches, grasses, slope drains, and other erosion control devices or methods.

Appropriate control measures will be required to avoid emission of high concentration of

sediments into wetlands, swampy areas and other particular sensitive areas.
The temporary erosion control provisions shall be coordinated with permanent erosion control
measures to ensure economical, effective and continuous erosion control throughout the period
of the Works.
B) Construction
A schedule of proposed temporary (and permanent) soil erosion control Works shall be
developed by the Contractor at the commencement of the Contract, in consultation with the
Employer’s representative and to his satisfaction.
The Contractor shall carry out (and maintain) temporary erosion control to prevent soil erosion
that will adversely affect construction operations, damage adjacent properties, or cause
contamination of adjacent streams or other watercourses, lakes, ponds, swamps or other areas
of water impoundment. Such Works may involve construction of temporary berms, dikes, dams,
sediment basins, slope drains or use of temporary mulches, mats, seeding or other control
devices or methods as necessary to control erosion. The slopes of cuttings and embankments
shall be seeded and mulched as the work proceeds, to the extent considered desirable and
practicable by the Employer’s Representative.
The Design – Builder should avoid any activities which accelerate the erosion that increases
sediment load in runoff ultimately affects downstream area and blockage of channel network
that may disturbed the downs. Therefore, the design builder should avoid road side spoil,
conduct a site drainage analysis to study where runoff will enter, cross, and exit the site. Plan
for isolating disturbed areas within the construction site from surrounding properties by placing
perimeter controls, when possible, that will prevent excessive sediment damage. And also apply
measures that will retain sediment within the construction site include controls that perform
either detention/sedimentation or detention/filtration functions.
The result of removing existing surface cover and increasing impermeable surface area during
construction increases both the volume and velocity of runoff. The Design – Builder must include
these considerations when selecting the appropriate erosion or sediment control measures.
Minimize slope length and steepness. Convey construction site runoff in stabilized outlets
designed for peak discharge velocities.
Temporary erosion control may include construction outside the right-of-way where such work
is necessary, as a result of roadway construction, such as borrow pit and quarry operations,
haul roads and equipment storage areas.
The Design – Builder should use the temporary erosion and sediment control measures like:
sediment control fences, temporary seeding, temporary ditch at the top of embankments, and
sediment control fences, grading changes to flatten slopes, and gabions.
The contractor shall provide adequate cross-sectional area to drainage structures to allow
sufficient passage for the discharge and also shall minimize the effect of discharge from
structures to the downstream side in the form of gully formation. Thus, the contractor shall
introduce energy dissipaters such as ripraps and scour checks, for safe disposal of the
discharge, along the course on the downstream side.

The Design-Builder Should provide possible or practical methods for runoff control include the
modification of slope surfaces, the reduction of slope gradients, controlling flow velocity,
diverting flows around the affected area, and providing upstream storage for runoff.
The Contractor shall incorporate all permanent erosion control features as described in the
Contract into the Works at the earliest practicable time as outlined in his schedule, to minimize
the need for temporary erosion control measures. Where erosion is a problem, clearing and
grubbing operations shall be so scheduled and performed that grading operations and
permanent erosion control features can follow immediately thereafter if conditions permit;
otherwise, temporary erosion control measures may be required between successive
construction stages.
The Employer’s Representative will limit the area of clearing and grubbing, excavation, borrow
and embankment operations in progress commensurate with the Contractor’s capability and
progress in keeping the finished grading, mulching, seeding and other permanent erosion
control measures current in accordance with the schedule. Should, seasonal limitations make
such co-ordination unrealistic, temporary erosion control measures shall be taken immediately
to the extent feasible and justified.
The Employer’s Representative may increase or decrease the amount of surface area of
erodible earth material to be exposed at one time by clearing and grubbing, excavation, borrow
and fill operations as determined by his analysis of project conditions.
In the event that temporary erosion control measures are required due to the Contractor's
negligence, carelessness or failure to install permanent controls as part of the Works scheduled
or ordered by the Employer’s Representative, such Works shall be carried out by the Contractor.
6.19.7 Preservation of Trees and Shrubbery
A) Preservation
All trees and shrubbery which are not specifically required to be cleared or removed for
construction purposes shall be preserved and shall be protected from any damage that may be
caused by the Contractor's construction operations and equipment. Special care shall be
exercised where trees or shrubs are exposed to damage by construction equipment, blasting,
excavating, dumping, chemical damage, or other operations, and the Contractor shall
adequately protect such trees by use of protective barriers or other methods approved by the
Employer’s Representative. The removal of trees or shrubs will be permitted only after prior
approval by the Employer’s Representative.
The layout of the Contractor's construction facilities such as workshops, warehouses, storage
areas, and parking areas; location of access and haul routes; and operation in borrow and spoil
areas shall be planned and conducted in such manner that all trees and shrubbery not approved

for removal by the Employer’s Representative shall be preserved and adequately protected from
either direct or indirect damage by the Contractor's operations.
Except in emergency cases or when otherwise approved by the Employer’s Representative,
trees shall not be used for anchorages. Where such use is approved, the trunk shall be wrapped
with a sufficient thickness of approved protective material before any rope, cable, or wire is
placed.
The contractor should Avoiding location of camp site, Borrow area, spoil area, Quarry site and
crusher plant installation inside the forest area. Therefore, construction work should be carried
out in close cooperation with local forest departments and other local administration to consider
the protected areas.
The Design- Builder should verify the species or variety of trees to be removed including number
of trees and propose the method for tree removal during the compliance process on a case-by-
case basis according to the presence of resources to be protected, operational limitations, and
future plans. The Contractor shall seek and obtain approval of the Employer’s Representative
on the methods of trees removal and number of trees to be removed from the ROW.
The contractor should be avoiding the use of local natural forest and removed trees from the
construction site for energy, timber and coal production; and collecting of firewood by the project
staff should be prohibited. Hence, the contractor shall provide a training and awareness
programme for people involving in construction of the road, especially the operators of heavy
equipment, so that they are familiarized with some key principles for conserving vegetation on
the road sides and near quarry and borrow sites.
The contractor should be consulted and shall be worked with relevant regional/federal offices
and Woredas’ environmental protection bureau during a construction activity remove trees
inside the ROW; to protect the forest and wildlife’s within the project influence. Its therefore,
tree removal from any site shall only be done with the prior knowledge of environmental
supervisor team and local forestry Department.
The design – builder shall facilitate systematic execution of operations involved in roadside
arboriculture, it will be advisable to prepare a detailed work plan including necessary drawings
for field use. These should cover the scope and extent of the proposed activities, pattern, type
and location of plantings, plant species to be used etc.
The design builder shall give due attention for some pocket area dense vegetation/forest area
coverage found throughout the road project route of both sections. This means that keep those
trees out of the ROW marking exact point to an absolute minimum and clearance of
trees/vegetation in the proper point only within the ROW.
B) Repair or Treatment of Damage

The Contractor shall be responsible for damage to trees and shrubs caused by his operations.
The term "damage" shall include, without limitation, bruising, scarring, tearing, and breaking of
roots, trunk or branches. All damaged trees and shrubs shall be repaired or treated without
delay. In addition, the contractor should not use the removed trees for Energy, coal and timber

production. Trees and shrubs inside the row shall be removed after the contractor made
consultation with Bale mountain park and conservation area managers and Woredas’
environmental protection bureau. The Employer’s Representative will determine the method of
repair or treatment to be used for damaged trees and shrubs as recommended by an
experienced horticulturist or tree surgeon provided by the Contractor. All repairs or treatment of
damaged trees shall be performed under the direction of an experienced horticulturist or tree
surgeon provided by the Contractor.
C) Replacement
Trees or shrubs that, in the opinion of the Employer’s Representative, are beyond saving shall
be removed and replaced early in the next planting season. The replacement shall be of the
same species, or other approved species, and of the maximum size that is practicable to plant
and sustain growth in the particular environment by planting 10-15 suitable varieties of trees for
each and every affected vegetations. Replacement trees and shrubs shall be stayed, watered,
and maintained for a period of one year. Any replacement tree or shrub that dies shall be
removed and replaced, as directed by the Employer’s Representative, with such replacements
being maintained for a period of one year from the date of replacement and the earth work
payment shall be up on the performing of the contractor on planting and trees replacement
program.
The Design - Builder can assume the project entirely, bearing the cost of plant materials as well
as performing the planting and plant maintenance. These planting projects will normally be
included in the management plan.
The contractor should plant suitable trees in the Quarry area, borrow pit and spoil site if the spoil
site is a grazing land or community lands.
If the Contractor fails to provide by planting 10-15 suitable varieties of trees for each and every
affected vegetation mentioned above as per the Contract within the time frame stated herein,
Employer will withhold 2% of each IPC’s as penalty for the failure to provide in accordance with
the contractual obligation and the same will be released when the Contractor replace the plant
demolished for the sake of the road construction within the time frame as per the requirement
of the Contract.
D) Compliance with Laws and Regulations

The Contractor shall comply with all applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, regulations,
proclamation, and Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization standards concerning the
protection and prevention of Trees and Shrubbery including forest wild life management.
6.19.8 Prevention of Water Pollution
A) General
The Contractor's construction activities shall be performed by methods that will prevent the
entry, or accidental spillage, of solid matter, contaminants, debris, and other pollutants and
wastes into streams, flowing or dry watercourses, lakes, and underground water sources. Such
pollutants and wastes include, but are not restricted to, refuse, garbage, cement, concrete,

sanitary waste, industrial waste, radioactive substances, oil and other petroleum products,
aggregate processing tailings, mineral salts and thermal pollution.
Dewatering work for structure foundations or earthwork operations adjacent to, or encroaching
on, streams or watercourses shall be conducted in a manner to prevent muddy water and
eroded materials from entering the streams or watercourses by construction of intercepting
ditches, bypass channels, barriers, settling ponds, or by other approved means. Excavated
materials or other construction materials shall not be stockpiled or deposited near or on-stream
banks, lake shorelines, or other watercourse perimeters where they can be washed away by
high water or storm runoff or can in any way encroach upon the watercourse itself.
Increases in turbidity in a stream or other bodies of water that are caused by construction
activities shall be strictly controlled. When necessary to perform required construction work in a
stream channel, the turbidity may be increased, as approved by the Employer’s representative
for the shortest practicable period required to complete such work. This required construction
work may include such work as diversion of a stream, construction or removal of cofferdams,
specified earthwork in or adjacent to a stream channel, pile driving, and construction of turbidity
control structures.
Mechanized equipment shall not operate in flowing water except as necessary to construct
crossings or to perform the required construction. Wastewater from aggregate processing,
concrete batching, or other construction operations shall not enter streams, watercourses, or
other surface waters without the use of such turbidity control methods as settling ponds, gravel-
filter entrapment dikes, approved flocculating processes that are not harmful to fish, recirculation
systems for washing of aggregates, or other approved methods. Any such wastewater
discharged into surface waters shall contain the least concentration of settleable material
possible. For the purpose of this Specification, settleable material is defined as that material
which will settle from the water by gravity during a one-hour quiescent detention period.
B) Compliance with Laws and Regulations
The Contractor shall comply with all applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, regulations,
proclamation, and water quality standards concerning the control and abatement of water
pollution.
C) Abatement of Air, Dust, Noise and Light Pollution
(a) Abatement of Air Pollution
The Contractor shall comply with applicable Ethiopian laws and regulations concerning the
prevention and control of air pollution. Notwithstanding the above in conduct of construction
activities and operation of equipment, the Contractor shall utilize methods and devices as are,
reasonably available to control, prevent, and otherwise minimize emissions or discharges of air
contaminants.
The emission of dust into the atmosphere shall be strictly controlled during the production,
handling, and storage of concrete and road aggregates, and the Contractor shall use such
methods and equipment as are necessary for the collection and disposal, or prevention, of dust
during these operations. The Contractor’s methods of storing and handling cement and
pozzolans shall also include means of eliminating atmospheric discharges of dust.

Equipment and vehicles that show excessive emissions of exhaust gases due to poor engine
adjustments, or other inefficient operating conditions, shall not be operated until corrective
repairs or adjustments are made.
Burning of materials resulting from clearing of trees and brush, combustible construction
materials, and rubbish will be permitted only when atmospheric conditions for burning are
considered favorable and when authorized by the Employer’s Representative. In lieu of burning,
such combustible materials may be disposed of by other methods. Where open burning is
permitted, the burn piles shall be properly constructed to minimize smoke, and in no case shall
unapproved materials, such as tiers, plastics, rubber products, asphalt products, or other
materials that create heavy black smoke or nuisance odor, be burned.
(b) Dust Abatement
During the performance of the work required by this Specification or any operations appurtenant
thereto, whether within the right-of-way provided by the Contracting Authority or elsewhere, the
Contractor shall furnish all the labour, equipment, materials, and means required, and shall
carry out proper and efficient measure, wherever and as often as necessary to reduce the dust
nuisance, and to prevent dust which has originated from his operations from damaging crops,
orchards, cultivated fields, and dwellings, or causing a nuisance to persons. The Contractor will
be held liable for any damage resulting from dust originating from his operations under this
Specification on the right-of-way or elsewhere. The Employer’s Representative may direct
sprinkling or other measures for dust abatement if necessary, to obtain adequate control. In
particular, in towns and villages water sprinkling will be required as often as necessary to reduce
the dust nuisance.
The contractor should consider regular water spraying on paved and excavated grounds at least
three times per day in town sections and two times per day in agricultural and rural areas.
To reduce the dust problem, the Employer’s Representative may direct the Contractor to install
temporary speed limit traffic signs on those sections of the road where dust development is
considerable.
(c) Noise Abatement
The Contractor shall comply with applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, and regulations concerning
the prevention, control, and abatement of excessive noise.
Blasting, the use of jack hammers, rock crushing, or other operations producing high intensity
impact noise may be performed at night only upon approval of the Employer’s Representative.
The contractor shall be properly coordinated rock-blasting near settlement areas with the
relevant officers of the government in an attempt to minimize levels of noise pollution and
community interference.
6.19.9 Preservation of Historical, Archaeological and Cultural Remains
If the Contractor discovers evidence of possible scientific, historical, archaeological or cultural

interest or value during the execution of the works, he shall immediately notify the Employer’s
Representative giving the nature and location of his findings. Written confirmation shall be

forwarded within 2 days. The Contractor shall exercise care so as not to damage artefacts or
fossils uncovered during excavation operations and shall provide such cooperation and
assistance as may be necessary to preserve the findings for removal or other disposition by the
Contracting Authority.
Where appropriate by reason of a discovery, the Employer may order delays in the execution
of, or changes in the methods of, executing the work, or both.
The Contractor shall include this requirement in any sub-contracts for the construction of part
of the works that he may enter into.
Pesticides
Pesticides include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc., surface disinfectants, animal
repellent, and insect repellent. Should the Contractor find it necessary to use pesticides in work
areas of this Contract, he shall submit his plan for such use to the Employer’s Representative
for written approval.
The Contractor shall read and comply with all labelling requirements when using pesticides. The
contractor should be stored explosives and chemicals under a proper security at a safe distance
from the road and any inhabited premises.
Clean-up and Disposal of Waste Materials
(a) Clean up
The Contractor shall, at all times, keep the construction area, including storage areas used, free
from accumulations of waste materials or rubbish.
All waste water and sewage from office, residential and mobile camps shall be piped to soak
pits or other disposal areas constructed in accordance with local regulations, and, where and
when such regulations require it, the Contractor shall obtain a permit or other appropriate
documentation approving the disposal methods being used.
All used fuels, oils, other plant or vehicle fluids, and old tiers and tubes shall be collected to a
central disposal point, on a regular basis and disposed of as specified below.
All household, office, workshop and other solid waste shall be collected to a central disposal
area, on a daily basis and disposed of in a manner approved by the Employer’s Representative.
Servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles shall, whenever possible, be carried out at a
workshop area. This workshop area shall be equipped with secure storage areas for fuels, oils
and other fluids constructed in such a way as to contain any spillages which may occur, and
similar storage where used fluids can be stored securely prior to their disposal.
When the servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles is carried out away from the workshop area
it shall be done at locations and in such a manner as to avoid spillage and contamination of
streams and other drainage courses. Any spillages shall be cleaned up by either burning in
place or collecting the contaminated soils and burning them at the central disposal area, all to
the satisfaction of the Employer’s Representative.

Prior to completion of the work, the Contractor shall remove from the vicinity of the work all plant
facilities, buildings, rubbish, unused materials, concrete formworks, and other similar material,
belonging to him or used under his direction during construction, all work areas shall be graded
and left in a neat manner conforming to the natural appearance of the landscape.
Any residue deposited on the ground from washing out transit mix trucks or any similar concrete
operations shall be buried or cleaned up in a manner acceptable to the Employer’s
Representative.
In the event of the Contractor's failure to perform the above work, the work may be performed
by the Contracting Authority, at the expense of the Contractor and his sureties shall be liable
thereof.
(b) Disposal of Waste Material
Waste materials including, but not restricted to, refuse, garbage, sanitary wastes, industrial
wastes, and oil and other petroleum products, shall be disposed of by the Contractor. Disposal
of combustible materials shall be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the
Employer’s Representative; by burning, where burning of approved materials is permitted; or by
removal from the construction area. Disposal of non-combustible materials shall be by burying,
where burial of such materials is approved by the Employer’s Representative, or by removal
from the construction area. Waste materials removed from the construction area shall be
dumped at an approved dump.
Disposal of Material by Burying
Only materials approved by the Employer’s Representative may be buried. Burial shall be in
pits and the location, size and depth of which shall be approved by the Employer’s
Representative. The pits shall be covered by at least 600 mm of earth material prior to
abandonment.
Disposal of Material by Burning
All materials to be burned shall be piled in designated burning areas in such a manner as will
cause the least fire hazards. Burning shall be thorough and complete and all charred pieces
remaining after burning, except for scattered small pieces, shall be removed from the
construction area and disposed of as otherwise provided in this Section.
The Contractor shall, at all times, take special precautions to prevent fire from spreading beyond
the piles being burned and shall be liable for any damage caused by his burning operations.
The Contractor shall have available, at all times, suitable equipment and supplies for use in
preventing and suppressing fires and shall be subject to all laws and regulations locally
applicable for pre-suppression, suppression, and prevention of fires.
Disposal of Material by Removal
Material to be disposed of by removal from the construction area shall be removed from the
area prior to the completion of the work under the Contract.

Materials to be disposed of by dumping shall be hauled to an approved dump. It shall be the

responsibility of the Contractor to make any necessary arrangements with private parties and
with local officials pertinent to locations and regulations of such dumping.
Occupational Safety
The Contractor will prepare plans for explosives handling and blasting operation. Methodology
to be adopted both at road side slope cuts and at quarry development sites will highlight the
safety measures and care to be exercised while operating at such sites.
The Contractor shall arrange occupational safety programs and facilities for all workers and for
any person entitled to be on the sites, so as to prevent any accidental risks and injuries due to
the project work sites. The contractor will identify the occupational safety issues, at each of the
project site and components and include in its safety plan at mobilization stage. Such sites
include; the road alignment, material production sites, plant sites, camps, garages and
workshops, detour roads, explosives storage sites, spoil soils disposal sites.
The Contractor will provide the necessary protective clothing and safety devices to each worker
depending on type of work and on the characteristics of the site. The use of such protective
facilities and clothing is mandatory while workers are on duty; the proper implementation of this
requirement will be supervised and controlled by the contractor, and action will be taken
accordingly. The quality and quantity of such facilities provided is subject to the approval of the
Employer’s Representative.
Traffic safety Management

 The Contractor shall prepare and submit Traffic Safety Management Plan upon
commencement, and prior to the staring of construction on site.
 The Contractor shall abide by all traffic rules and regulations of Ethiopia.
 The Contractor shall post traffic signs at all critical locations including, wildlife and
livestock travel corridors, diversions, material production sites, working sites etc.
 The Contractor shall assign safety personnel/flag men/women at critical locations to
guide traffic flows. The contractor shall provide the necessary reflector cloths and shoes
for the safety personnel while they are on duty.
Health Clinics and First Aid Facilities
The Contractor shall establish health clinic at the main camp and first aid stations at all of the
work sites. The Contractor will avail basic facilities as per the standards for such work site clinics
and will avail medicines as per the prescribed standards. The basic requirements of the
standard clinics will be according to the conditions set by the local health institution/ or the
ministry of health.
A stand by ambulance will be assigned for any accidental risks that may be encountered during
the contract’s implementation.

6.20 General STD and HIV/AIDS Alleviation and Prevention of COVID-

19
6.20.1 General STD and HIV/AIDS Alleviation Campaign
The General STD and HIV/AIDS alleviation measure to be undertaken by the Contractor is to
all the workers and the community along the road corridor. For this purpose, the Contractor shall
assign a specialist Sub-Contractor who can carry out the services and have experience of at
least three (3) years in the last five years working in a community in collaboration with the
Community and local organization on HIV/AIDS. the above services. The experience and
qualification of the Sub-Contractor shall be approved by the Employer’s Representative/ Client
(ERA) prior to assigning him to the Work.
1. The Contractor is expected to carry out knowledge Attitude and practice (KAP) on the
current status of HIV/AIDS epidemic in the project road areas including the project
influenced areas. The target population of the project shall include all the workers and the
community along the road corridor. Based on the KAP survey finding the Contractor shall
revise the action plan and implement after the approval of the Employer.
2. The Contractor shall prepare an action plan for the period of the service, management and
monitoring plans. A detailed plan shall be prepared to monitor the implementation of the
HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities and the impacts of the proposed roadwork during
construction and after completion. The Contractor should define a few indicators of
prevention and control performance activities that can be monitored on a regular basis and
also indicate the different eligible stakeholders in place to monitor the activities
3. The Contractor shall submit activity focused budget break down and result focused proposal
as well as to be ready to hand over activities to the target to assure sustainability.
4. The Contractor shall implement the STD and HIV/AIDS alleviation measures at the project
campsites and those communities along the road corridor based on the Government
strategic plan.
5. The Contractor shall work on awareness raising activities, establish and train peer educators
& Anti - AIDS Committees based on the number of the beneficiaries.
6. The Contractor shall provide information, education and communication (IEC) campaign
about HIV/AIDS and STD to the project staff and the host communities (communities with
the road influenced zones) at convenient places, for instance, a Base camp, Satellite camp
etc, at least every two month. The Contractor shall also put posters, dispatches leaflets and
pamphlets. The pamphlets, leaflets and brochures shall be prepared in the respective
project roads area community language (i.e. widely spoken language) for easy
communication and information sharing. In occasions of IEC campaigns on HIV/AIDS to the
roads communities, the Contractor shall take the opportunities to undertake sensitization of
the community on environment and road safety issues to ensure sustainability.
7. The Contractor shall give Voluntary Counseling to the beneficiaries and establish referral
system with nearest Governmental and Non-Governmental health institutions and shall pay
for voluntary counseling and Testing Services and pay for treatment of opportunistic
infections.
8. The Contractor shall establish network with health institutions (local Government, NGOs,
Community Based Organizations, Faith Based Organization, Association, etc) working on
HIV/AIDS.

9. The Contractor shall make available at least 100 condoms sufficient number of condoms
per year for each members of the above construction staff and the host community. The
condoms shall be of the male and female types, which shall be provided in accordance with
gender of the recipient. The condoms shall comply with the respective current WHO/UN
AIDS specification and guidelines.
10. For care and support/nutritional supplement/not less than 200 birr, reasonable amount of
money per month for each worker living with HIV/AIDS has to be included in the project
action plan.
11. The Contractor, in collaboration with the Consultant, shall celebrate the ‘’World HIV/AIDS
Day’’ on December 1 every year and prepare and incorporate all activities carried out on
this day in a monthly or quarterly report.
12. The Contractor shall prepare monthly and quarterly reports and submit to the Employer’s
Representative and the client based on the format prepared by the client.
13. The Contractor shall closely work with the Consultant and client (ERA) and shall liaise with
the representative of the Woreda Health Office and HAPCO.
14. The Contractor, as part of the contract, shall recruit a sociologist as a coordinator, a nurse
as a counselor and an animator who can speak the local language and deploy in the field.
The Sub-Contractor and personnel shall have the following qualifications.
15. The Contractor, at the end of the project duration, shall hand over all accomplished and
started activities to the local health offices or other organizations working on same
procedurally.
6.20.2 Minimize spread of infections in light of COVID-19

Contractors overseeing construction sites operating during the COVID-19 pandemic should
ensure all possible steps are taken to protect their workforce and to minimize the spread of the
infection. The contractor shall assign specialist who can carry out the service and manage the
necessary guidelines in collaboration with health centers. This guidance is based on WHO’s
key messages for infection prevention and control, and illustrates some basic measures and
principles to be followed in this scenario.
The main underlying approaches are:

 Reduce access to site
 Adapt work plan and activities to reduce close contact
 Increase overall level of hygiene of the site
 Prioritize health and safety of staff, workers and their surrounding communities
 Increase awareness of the workforce
Planning phase
 Plan construction phases avoiding large group of workers and unnecessary overlap of
crews. If the work plan was developed prior to COVID-19 outbreak, consider reviewing
and adapting when necessary;
 Basic Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) related to construction safety such as
gloved and glasses should be provided to workers depending on the tasks they are

assigned to. In addition, each worker should be provided with two or more reusable
masks (not surgical/medical graded masks);
 Additional hand washing stations including provision of clean water and soap, together
with cleaning and disinfection products may be required for construction sites opened
prior to the outbreak. For new construction site, plan and budget provision of these items;
 Preferably, every worker should be provided with a basic set of tools needed for the
tasks they are assigned to. Using of the same tool by multiple workers should be
avoided. If tools are shared or stored for later use by another person, they need to be
disinfected/cleaned;
 Plan to engage workers coming from the close proximity of the facility been built
(possibly from the same block) and avoid involving labour from farther away camps or
villages;
 Supervision should be strengthened including COVID-19 prevention principles, and
supervisors oriented on their new responsibilities;
 If possible, prior to start construction work coordinate with Health partners to check the
site and ensure appropriate measures are adopted;
Prepare your workforce
 An orientation on COVID-19 should be provided to all workers, including description of

the disease, symptoms, transmissibility, severity and WHO’s key prevention messages
to be followed on site, public spaces as well as in their homes;
 Prevention messages should be printed and clearly displayed on site. Consider
providing an additional printed copy of the key prevention messages for all workers to
disseminate in their families (and communities);
 Workers should be clearly informed on protocols to follow in case they or their family
members get sick;
 Workers should be requested to maintain physical distance of 2 meters (6’) from others
as much as possible and to adhere to the other suggested practices for infection
prevention and control, in particular: -
 Wash your hands regularly with clean water and soap for at least 20 seconds, or clean
them with a hand sanitizer;
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands; -
 When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth with tissue and throw it into closed bin
immediately. If you do not have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your flexed elbow; -
 Do not spit.
 Working gloves are sometimes worn to protect against injuries during some activities,
but they do not offer any protection against transmission of COVID-19 and should be
considered as unwashed hands in terms of minimizing touching one’s face;
 Workers should not greet each other with handshakes or embraces at any point during
the day;
 If workers are operating in an area where sick or suspected infected people are currently
or recently transited (in the previous 3 days), they should wear mask and disposable
gloves at all times;
 If masks are not available, workers should be encouraged to prepare handmade ones
using household items or clothes materials;
 Advice workers to wash their clothes frequently (daily if possible).

Access to site /camp
 Only essential visitors (workers, supervisors, and managers) should be allowed on site;
 Programme/monitoring visits should be reduced to the minimum and should be planned
when workers are not on site (i.e. lunch time);
 Fence off the construction site to ensure no one can enter or approach the workers
without authorization;
 Entry and exit gates should be clearly marked and guarded;
 Body temperature should be measured for all persons entering the comp(site);
 Allow enough space for people to queuing in a safe manner at the entrance of the site
while they wash their hands and get screened;
 A trained staff should be designated to guard the access, checking temperature of
workers and visitors and enquiring about overall health condition and vulnerability;
 Ensure there are sufficient hand washing stations at the entrance and that they have
water and soap, as well as clearly display signs requesting persons entering to wash
their hands;
 Anyone falling in one of the following categories should not be allowed on site: - Has a
family member suspected COVID-19 patient living in the same household or self-
isolating, or if s/he has got in close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient in the
previous two weeks. S/he should not report on site and self-quarantining at home for
two weeks; -
 Is showing one or more symptoms related to COVID-19 (high temperature, new
persistent cough, shortness of breath). S/he should not report on site, stay home and
self-isolate or seek medical care in case of severe symptoms; - Is a vulnerable person
(by virtue of age, clinical/health condition or pregnant).
 All persons should wash or clean their hands before entering and leaving the site;
 Workers should be encouraged to reach the site using individual modes of transportation
and avoid public transport when possible.
During construction
 To the most possible extent, workers should maintain physical distance of 2 meters from
others at all times. Performing activities that must be conducted in close proximity should
be avoided when possible. If these activities must take place, workers should wear
masks;
 If possible, construction crews should be segregated and tasks allocated so they do not
overlap. It is suggested to establish crew shifts to be also applied for break, lunch and
pray time;
 If a worker develops COVID-19 symptoms on site, the following actions should be
followed: - Avoid touching anything; - Cough and sneeze into a tissue and put it in a
closed bin, or in their flexed elbow in case they don’t have tissues; - Return home and
self-isolate, or seek medical care in case of severe symptoms; - All surfaces and tools
s/he may have recently touched should be cleaned and disinfected.
 In spaces where queuing may happen (including latrines and hand washing stations),
consider marking safe distance of 2 meters (6’) on ground or railings;
 Meetings on site should be avoided at all times. Instruction to workers should be given
in open spaces and maintaining physical distance;

 Due to potential sudden access restrictions, all materials and equipment should be
carefully and safely stored before leaving the site at the end of every day;
 When receiving and unloading goods and construction materials, workers should keep
distance from the drivers at all times. When possible, drivers should remain in their
vehicles. If drivers must unload the goods for safety reasons, they should do so without
the help of the workers and they should wash or clean their hands before and after. Any
contact between deliverers and receivers should be avoided (including delivery papers
and pens for signature, etc.). It is recommending that everyone needing to sign
paperwork have their own pen or wash their hands after.
Hand washing, hygiene and cleaning
 Provide adequate hand-washing station with water and soap or an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer (min. 60% alcohol). Ensure water and soap are topped up regularly;
 Clean the hand washing facilities regularly during the day, establishing a clear cleaning
plan;
 Tools, reusable PPE and frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected
frequently (at least daily);
 If possible, appropriate latrine facilities should be made available inside the compound
and be kept cleaned. In any case, workers should be encouraged to wash their hands
before and after using the latrines;
 Dedicated eating, break and prayer areas should be identified on site and access should
be staggered to reduce risk of congestion. Workers should keep physical distance while
eating, praying and having a break;
 Provide safe drinking water dispensers and one-time cups, or encourage workers to
carry an individual cup;
 All solid waste (excluding construction materials) should be put immediately in closed
bins or closed bags and not left for someone else to clear up;
 Separate and collect all solid waste that could serve as transmission vector. To avoid
contact with waste bags, use double plastic bags (for instance when removing a filled
waste bag, cover tightly and wrap with a second plastic bag). Store the waste for at least
72 hours before disposing;
 Store leftovers construction materials for at least 72 hours before disposing.
6.20.3 Sub-Contractor and personnel

1. The Contractor, as part of the contract, shall recruit a sociologist as a coordinator, a nurse
as a counselor and an animator who can speak the local language and deploy in the field.
The Sub-Contractor and personnel shall have the following qualifications.
a. Sub-Contractor
Minimum of one-year experience in similar assignments
b. Sociologist
General Qualification
 A min. BA degree in Sociology/Social Anthropology

Adequacy for the assignment

 At least 2 years on HIV/AIDS prevention and control program
 Knowledge of Computer Application Software
 Fluency in English
Behavioral Competencies: (Not evaluated)
•
Team work skill; Result oriented; resilient under stressful environment; self-
managed, committed, knowledgeable and confident.
c. Environmentalist
• A min. BSc. degree in Environmental Science/Environmental Health
• At least 2 years on occupational health and safety program
• Knowledge of Computer Application Software
• Fluency in English
Behavioral Competencies: (Not evaluated)
• Team work skill; Result oriented; resilient under stressful environment; self-
managed, committed, knowledgeable and confident.
d. Nurse
 A min. Diploma from Medical College

 At least 1 years on HIV/AIDS prevention and control program
 Knowledge of Computer Application Software
 Fluency in English
e. Animator
 12 Grade Complete

 Experience on HIV/AIDS prevention and control program
 Fluency in Local Language
2. The Contractor, at the end of the project duration, shall hand over all accomplished and
started activities to the local health offices or other organizations working on same
procedurally.

6.21 Product Warranty Provisions

In addition to the Warranty provision as specified in this Section, Project components shall meet
the specific performance requirements specified in the Contract Documents.
6.21.1 Introduction
The Employer requires warranties on construction items to help ensure both the initial and long-
term quality of the project’s products, workmanship and materials.
6.21.2 Summary of Project Warranties

The Design-Builder must warranty the work in accordance with these warranty requirements. In
general, the warranties must remain in effect until four years after issuance of Final Acceptance
(Issuance of Performance Certificate) at the end of the defect liability period for the entire project
road as the case may be or as specified in the following table.
Table 6-12: Summary of Project Warranties
General Subject Warranty Period after Defect Liability

Period
1. Flexible Pavement: Cracking 4 years
2. Flexible Pavement: Raveling 4 years
3. Flexible Pavement: Flushing 4 years
4. Flexible Pavement: Rutting 4 years
5. Structural Concrete 4 years
6. Settlement: New Roadway Grade 4 years
7. Settlement: Retaining Walls 4 years
8. Signing (Permanent) 3 years
9. Road Markings 3 years
10. Landscape and Turf Establishment 3 years
The Contractor shall not be liable under the warranty for the defects arising due to lack of
maintenance of the works or accidental damage that lies outside the scope of the design
requirements.

6.21.3 General Warranty

The Design-Builder warrants that:
 All design and construction work, including that performed by the Subcontractors and
manufacturers, complies with the requirements of the Contract;
 The works shall be free of defects, including design errors, omissions, inconsistencies and
other defects;
 Materials and equipment furnished under the Contract Documents shall be of specified
quality and when installed shall be new;
 The Work shall meet all of the requirements of the Contract Documents;
 The specifications and/or drawings selected or prepared for use during construction are
appropriate for their intended use; and
 The completed works shall be fit for use for the intended function.
6.21.4 General Warranty – Time of General Warranty
The General Warranty shall commence after issuance of Performance certificate. The General
Warranty shall remain in effect until four years after the date of issuance of defect liability
certificate (performance certificate). If the Employer determines that any of the Work has not
met the standards set forth in this Section at any time during the Warranty period for such Work,
then the Design-Builder shall correct such Work as specified below even if the performance of
such correction Work extends beyond the stated Warranty period. Within 45 calendar days of
receipt by the Design-Builder of notice from the Employer specifying a failure of any of the Work
to satisfy the Design-Builder’s Warranties, or of any Subcontractor representation, Warranty,
guarantee, or obligation which the Design-Builder is responsible to enforce, the Employer shall
decide when and how the Design-Builder shall remedy such defects/failure, provided, however,
that in case of an emergency requiring immediate corrective action, the Design-Builder shall
implement such action as it deems necessary and shall notify the Employer of the urgency of a
decision. The Design-Builder and the Employer shall agree on a remedy immediately upon
notice by or to the Employer of such emergency. If the Design-Builder does not use its best
efforts to proceed to effectuate such remedy within the agreed time, or if the Design-Builder and
the Employer fail to reach such an agreement within such 45 calendar days period (or
immediately, in the case of emergency conditions), then the Employer upon notice to the
Design-Builder, shall have the right to order the Design-Builder to perform the work or to perform
or have performed by third parties and the costs thereof shall be borne by the Design-Builder.
6.21.5 General Warranty - Performance Responsibility

The Design-Builder retains responsibility for all Work performed on the Project, including all
Work of Subcontractors and all Materials and Equipment provided by suppliers, vendors and/or
manufacturers. Upon receipt from the Employer of notice of a failure of any of the Work, the
Design-Builder shall be responsible for enforcing or performing any Warranty, guarantee, or
obligation, in addition to the Design-Builder’s other obligations hereunder. The Employer’s rights
under this Section shall commence at the time such representation; Warranty, guarantee, or
obligation is furnished and shall continue until the expiration of the Design-Builder’s relevant
Warranty (including extensions for redone Work). Until such expiration, the cost of any

Equipment, Material, labor (including re-engineering), and/or shipping shall be for the account
of the Design-Builder if such cost is covered by such a Warranty, and the Design-Builder shall
be required to replace or repair defective Equipment, Material, or workmanship furnished by
Subcontractors.
6.21.6 General Warranty – Extension of General Warranty

The Design-Builder’s Warranties shall apply to all Work re-done pursuant to the terms of this
Contract. The Design-Builder’s Warranty for repaired or replaced elements of the Work shall
extend beyond the original Warranty period if necessary to provide a three-year Warranty period
following acceptance for any repaired or replaced Work.
6.21.7 General Warranty – No Limitations of Liability

The foregoing Warranties are in addition to all rights and remedies available under the Contract
Documents or applicable law, and shall not limit the Design-Builder’s liability or responsibility
imposed by the Contract Documents or applicable law with respect to the Work, including liability
for design defects, latent construction defects, strict liability negligence, or fraud provided.
6.21.8 Damages for Breach of Warranty

In addition to all rights and remedies available under the Contract Documents or applicable law,
if the Design-Builder fails or refuses to provide the Warranty remedy described in this Section,
notwithstanding a valid request by the Employer, the Design-Builder shall be liable for the cost
of performance of the Warranty work by others. The Employer may also call the warranty
performance bond.
6.21.9 Warranty Bond

Amount and Term. The Design-Builder must furnish a single - term warranty bond (the
Warranty bond could be in the form of unconditional guaranty/bond from a Bank for foreign
contractors or for local contractors it may be in the form of conditional guarantee/bond from
Insurance company) in the amount of 10 percent of the contract price. The effective starting
date of the warranty bond must be the date of issuance of Defect Liability Certificate (DLC) for
any section or the entire project road as the case may be. Percentage of the warranty bond will
be released at the end of the warranty period or after the warranted work has been completed
and the required service level or threshold limit is met for the respective warranted item of work,
whichever is latest. (1st installment 20% of the warranty bond shall be released at the end of the
1st year of the warranty period, 2nd installment 20% shall be released at the end of the 2nd year
and 20% shall be released at the end of the 3rd installment and the 4thremaining installment 40%
shall be released at the end of the warranty period).
6.21.10 Warranty Performance Requirements

In addition to the Warranty provisions of this Section, Project components shall meet the specific
performance requirements specified in the Contract Documents.

6.21.11 Evaluation Method

Segmentation: For evaluating pavement, the Employer/Employer’s Representative will divide
the project into segments. Each individual driving lane and outside shoulder will be divided into
100-meter segments for measuring and quantifying the condition parameters. Evaluation will be
made periodically on six-month basis or on an as needed basis, whichever suits the Employer,
during the warranty period by the Employer. The evaluation will be made using the Employer’s
Pavement Management System.
The evaluation of Major and Minor Structures, retaining walls, Settlement of New Roadway
Grade (Including Bridge Fills), Roadway Markings, Signage(Permanent), Landscaping and
Grassing (Planting Trees and Grasses) will be based upon the performance of individual
elements.
POB and POE: The beginning point for laying out segments will be the point of beginning (POB)
of the project. Segments will be laid out consecutively to the point of ending (POE) of the project.
Spur roads and other areas of pavement shall be segmented and assessed in a similar manner.
The original segmentation of the project will be used for all successive reviews throughout the
warranty period.
If any of the threshold levels are not met or exceeded and the contractor agrees to the validity
of the pavement distress survey, the contractor will remedy the distress. If any of the threshold
levels are not met or exceeded and the contractor does not agree to the validity of the pavement
distress survey results, the Conflict Resolution Team will resolve the dispute within 30 days.
6.21.12 Costs of Correction of Work

All costs of correcting such rejected Work, including additional testing and inspections, shall be
deemed to be covered by the Design-Builder.
During the warranty period, the warranty work shall be performed at no cost to the Employer.
Maintenance (Corrective and preventative action) work that the Contractor elects to perform
during the warranty period shall be at no cost to the Employer. If corrective action needs to be
taken, the Contractor shall coordinate all such activities to minimize disruption to the traffic and
shall be approved by the Employer/Employer’s Representative.
6.21.13 Pavement Warranty

Application: This section applies to pavement warranties on new and reconstructed Double
Bituminous surface pavement placed on an unbound or stabilized aggregate base. Distress
identification must be according to the Distress Identification used in ERA’s Pavement
Management System and ERA Pavement Rehabilitation and Asphalt Overlay Design Manual
2013.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all AC pavement on driving lanes and
shoulders within the project limits. Damage caused by forces beyond the control of the

Contractor, such as maintenance activities, accidents, or acts of nature, will relieve the
Contractor of any further warranty requirements related to that damage.
Warranty Term. The warranty term shall be four years after the end of the defect liability period.
The extent of warranty work and the Design-Builder’s liability for the work that may be required
by these warranty provisions is not limited by the warranty bond amount
6.21.13.1 Performance
The parameters that will be used by the Employer/Employer’s Representative to evaluate
performance of all constructed pavements for this Project are Ride quality, pavement friction,
pavement surface condition, structural strength and material quality.
These parameters will be measured and evaluated by the Employer/Employer’s Representative

periodically on six-month basis or on an as needed basis during the warranty period, whichever
suits the Employer/Employer’s Representative.
At any time deemed necessary by the Employer prior to the expiration of the warranty, the
Employer will notify the Design-Builder in writing if the pavement distress exceeds the criteria
outlined in Table 11, as applicable.
Within seven calendar days of receiving notice, the Design-Builder shall commence to
undertake the warranty work, submit a plan to complete the work within the time allowed for
repairs. If the Design-Builder fails to undertake the warranty work within 30 calendar days after
receiving written notice from the Employer, the Employer will complete the warranty work or
contract to have it completed and the Design-Builder shall be responsible for the total cost of
the warranty work.
All repair, maintenance, and warranty work performed as part of this warranty provision shall be
covered by the warranty provision for the remainder of the warranty term.
Maintenance or Warranty work that requires a resurfacing of the pavement shall not be
performed on any wet surface, or when weather conditions otherwise prevent the proper
handling or finishing of the bituminous mixtures.
6.21.13.1.1 Material Quality

Material quality shall be evaluated prior to and during construction through the Design-Builder’s
approved Quality Management Plan. Materials specified in the design and meeting the
requirements outlined in the Standard Specifications shall be evaluated to meet or exceed
requirements. Materials not meeting these specifications shall be removed immediately and
replaced with acceptable material.
The Employer’s Representative may instruct additional testing, to be carried out by the
Contractor or an agreed third party, to evaluate the quality of materials at any time until the end
of the Warranty Period. Should the tested material meet the requirements of the Standard
Specifications, then the Employer shall reimburse the Contractor for the costs associated with

the testing. If it is found that the material does not comply with the Standard Specifications, then
the Contractor shall at their own expense carry out any warranty works necessary for the Works
to meet the Standard Specifications.
6.21.13.1.2 Ride Quality

Baseline measure of the International Roughness Index (IRI) will be conducted using the
Employer’s profiler and Roughometer and shall meet the following performance criteria:
 At the time of taking over of works and within six (6) months of taking over of the works
o Average IRI per Km is less than or equal to 3.5m/Km
o Maximum IRI per 100m section is less than or equal to 4m/Km
 At the end of the warranty period of the contract
o Average IRI per km is less than or equal to 4.0 m/Km
o Maximum IRI per 100m section is less than or equal to 4.5m/Km
6.21.13.1.3 Pavement Friction
Pavement friction shall meet the following performance criteria:
 The friction value at the end of four years after the project has been completed shall not be
less than 40. Pavement with a friction number less than 40 will require corrective action
within six months.
 If at any time during the said four years’ period the Employer determines, in accordance with
ASTM E274-90, that this criterion is not met, upon receipt of notice to such effect from the
Employer, the Design-Builder shall take corrective action to provide values that meet or
exceed 40, within 30 days after receipt of the notice.
6.21.13.1.4 Pavement Surface Condition
Condition Parameters. Condition parameters are used to measure the performance of the AC
pavement during the warranty term. Each condition parameter has a threshold level applied to
each segment and a maximum limit of defective segments allowed before corrective action
(warranty work) is required.
Threshold Limits. The following table lists the allowable threshold limit for each condition
parameter within each project segment. If any of the threshold limits is exceeded as a result of
a defect in materials and/or workmanship, corrective action (warranty work) will be required.
The defective segments for surface distress do not have to be contiguous to necessitate
corrective action. Each driving lane and shoulder must be evaluated independently. The Design-
Builder’s recommend corrective actions to repair detected deficiencies for the respective
condition parameter will be subjected to prior approval of the Employer. Within three days of
receiving notice, the Design-Builder shall commence to undertake the warranty work, submit
recommended corrective action and a plan to complete the work within the time allowed for
repairs.

The following table illustrates threshold limit for various condition parameters including
corresponding method of identification, measurement and time allowed for repair.
Table 6-13: Allowable Threshold Limits and Corrective Actions - New Constructed AC
Pavement, Roadside slopes and clearway
Time allowed
Item Threshold Limits Measurements / Detection
for repairs
Visual inspection
Potholes < 5 nos./Km of Within 7 days
Rulers, measuring tape. Measure the
Potholes diameter after
depth, count the number of potholes,
< 150 mm and measure the diameter of the detection
pothole in a length of 100m.
Visual assessment of the affected

Narrow surface area Or Within 28
Cracking < 5% of paved area
Crack Will be measured using Crack days after
per segment (i.e. 100m)
measuring gauge or small transparent detection
(1- 3mm)
ruler with mm gradations
Visual assessment of the affected

surface area Or
Wide
Will be measured using Crack
cracks Wide Structural Cracking’s measuring gauge or small transparent Within 28
(Crack 0% of ruler with mm gradations days after
width
paved area per segment detection
more than For isolated cracks, the “cracked
3mm) area” includes 0.5 m on each side of
the crack, multiplied by the length of
the crack plus 0.5 m at each end.
Height of bulge should not

Shoving
more than 20mm continuously
/Localized
in 10 m length per segment of Visual Inspection and Place a 1.5m Within 28
plastic
the Roadway With maximum straightedge over the affected area days after
movemen
length of shoving not and measure height of bulge. detection
t
exceeding 100 m (cumulative)
(Bulging)
on the entire project Road.
No ravelling exceeding 5% of Within 28

Visual inspection and measuring tape
Ravelling paved area per segment of days after
and rulers
the Roadway. detection

Pavement, Roadside slopes and clearway
Time allowed
Item Threshold Limits Measurements / Detection
for repairs
Visual assessment of the affected Within 28

Edge Edge Break < 1 Sq.m of
surface area confirmed with a ruler or days after
Break paved area per segment
measuring tape detection
Not more than 15mm in depth

Visual inspection and measurement
continuously in 10 m length
confirmed by using a 1.5m- long Within 28
per segment; with maximum
Rutting straight edge placed across-wide days after
length of rutting not exceeding
placed cross-wide the pavement detection
100 m (cumulative) on the
above the deformed area
entire project Road.
There shall be no detrimental

Depressio
depressions or/and Within 28
ns & Visual inspection and Straight Edge,
settlements greater than 25 days after
Settlemen ruler and measuring tape
mm in a length of 10m on the detection
ts
Roadway.
Shoulders and verges ( Road side slopes)
Shoulder Visual inspection and confirmed by

drop-off The edge of paved shoulders Placing a straightedge along the
/ Height of shall be even with or have no transverse direction on the edge of Within 15
shoulder more than 15 mm drop off to the pavement, and measure the days after
Vs Height the adjacent earthen shoulder difference in elevation (h) between the detection
of extension. shoulder and the pavement. by ruler
Pavement or measuring tape with scale in mm
Must always be sealed to

avoid water penetration
Within 28
Paved without deformations and
Visual inspection days after
shoulders erosions. Free of potholes,
detection
ravelling, rutting, erosions or
any kind of defect
N: B; - Recommended corrective actions must be first approved by the Employer.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all subgrade excavation,
embankment, aggregate layers, pavement layers and bituminous pavement layers, including
bridge approach panels and pavement over culverts.

6.21.14 Major and Minor Structures Warranty

Warranty Term. The warranty term shall be four years from the date of Defect Liability
Certificate (DLC).
Limits of Warranted Term: The warranty work includes all major and minor drainage structures
with associated river training, side drains, ditch cover maintenance and erosion protection works
including Gabion works. Defects identified on any of the major structures and minor drainage
structures and associated works shall be rectified.
6.21.15 Settlement of New Roadway Grade (Including Bridge Fills)

Application: This section applies to settlement warranties on all new roadway subgrades and
Embankment slopes (slopes of right of way) constructed within the project limits.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all subgrade excavation,
embankment, capping, Sub-base and aggregate base placed on the roadway below the AC
pavement, including bridge approach panels and AC pavement over culverts.
Condition Parameter: The parameter used to measure settlement is surface differential

settlement in the wheel path measured on the surface of the pavement structure placed within
the limits of this project.
Table 6-14: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action-Settlement of New Roadway
Grade
Condition Parameter Threshold Limit Recommended Action
Submit recommended design for

Total Settlement 20 millimeter corrective action to the Employer for
approval.
6.21.16 Settlement: Retaining Walls

Application: This section applies to all retaining walls designed and constructed by the Design-
Builder.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all retaining wall materials, footings,
and hardware designed and constructed by the Design-Builder and the installation procedures
(including problems arising from excessive settlement).
Threshold Limits: The following table lists the allowable threshold limits for differential
settlement, total settlement, and lateral deflection (rotation and horizontal displacement) of

retaining walls. If the threshold limit is exceeded as a result of a defect in materials and/or
workmanship, corrective action (warranty work) is required.
Table 6-15: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action-Settlement of Retaining

Walls
Condition Parameter Threshold Limit Recommended Action
Total Settlement 25 millimeter Submit recommended design for

corrective action to the Employer for
approval.
Differential Settlement 12.5 millimeter Submit recommended design for
corrective action to the Employer for
approval.
Lateral Deflection (rotation 12.5 millimeter Submit recommended design for
and horizontal measured at corrective action to the Employer for
displacement) ground level. approval.
6.21.17 Road marking

Application: This section applies to road markings applied by the Contractor.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all road markings, letters, and signs
on the carriageway.
Condition Parameter: The parameter used to measure road markings is reflection in daylight
or under road lighting, retro reflection under vehicle headlamp illumination, color, and skid
resistance within the minimum level of performance as per BS specification
6.21.18 Signing (Permanent)

Application: This section applies to all permanent signing furnished and installed by the
Design-Builder.
Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all permanent signing materials and
hardware installed by the Contractor and installation procedures. Signs damaged by forces
beyond the control of the Contractor, such as maintenance activities, accidents, or acts of
nature; will relieve the Contractor of any further warranty requirements related to that damage.
Warranty Requirements. The Design-Builder must repair or replace any permanent signing
materials and hardware that is deemed defective or unsuitable.
The Contractor is responsible for ensuring that all horizontal and vertical signs, as well as
guardrails and other Road safety devices fully comply with:

 Relevant Sections of ERA Standard Technical Specification and Methods of Measurement

for Road works 2013, ERA Geometric Design Manual 2013 and AASHTO/BS/COLTO
Standard Technical Specification for Roads & Bridge works (latest version) would apply.
The table overleaf illustrates the service level for various condition parameters including
corresponding method of identification or detection and time for repair. The Design-Builder’s
recommend corrective actions will be subjected to prior approval of the Employer.
Table 6-16: Allowable Threshold Limit and Corrective Action—Signing (Permanent)
Measurement/ Time allowed

Item Service Level
Detection for repairs
All signs have to be present, complete, clean,

legible, structurally sound and clearly visible
at day and night defective signs
Informatory The signs shall be adequately reflectorized, Visual must be
signs erect and correctly located. Inspection replaced within
7 (Seven) days
Signs must comply with latest ERA STS
2013/AASHTO/ERA Geometric design
manual

Mandatory/ must be
The signs shall be adequately reflectorized, Visual
regulatory replaced within
erect and correctly located. Inspection
signs 14 (Fourteen)
Signs must comply with ERA STS days
2013/AASHTO/ERA Geometric Design
manual 2013/AASHTO

Cautionary/ must be
The signs shall be adequately reflectorized, Visual
Warning replaced within
erect and correctly located. Inspection
signs 14 (Fourteen)
Signs must comply with ERA STS days
manual

Measurement/ Time allowed

Item Service Level
Detection for repairs
All Delineators and Road studs have to be

present, complete, clean, legible, structurally
sound and clearly visible at day and night
defective signs
The Delineators and Road studs shall be must be
Delineator, Visual
adequately reflectorized erect and correctly replaced within
Road Stud Inspection
located. 14 (Fourteen)
Delineator to comply with ERA STS days
manual
Have to be present and firmly adhered to the

Reflectorize
pavement. Faded Road
d Road
Visual markings must
Marking / Glass Beads must be firm and visible.
inspection and be repainted
Thermoplast There shall not be more than 10 continuous measuring within 28
ic retro- meter length within any continuous Kilometre tape (Twenty Eight)
reflective where the pavement markings are not visible days
paint from a distance of 150m.
• No Kilometre Post is missing

• Distance message should be legible,
visible and readable during day & Night defective signs
Kilometre conditions on all posts must be
Visual
and Guide • Posts are truly vertical, free from replaced within
Inspection
posts distortion, damages and clearly visible 28 (Twenty
from a distance of 150m to the motorist. Eight) days
• Enamel paint of the body of posts and
script is uniform and not faded
defective guard
Guard Rails Have to be present, clean without any rails must be
Visual
/Crash significant damage; Corrosion should not replaced within
Inspection
barriers exceed more than 5% of the surface. 28 (Twenty
Eight) days
6.21.19 Landscaping and Turf Establishment (Plantings, Trees, and Grasses)

Application: This section applies to turf establishment warranties on all disturbed areas within
the project limits.

Limits of Warranted Work: The warranted work includes all seeding, fertilizing, and mulching
necessary to reestablish turf within the project limits.
Warranty Requirements: The Design-Builder shall provide a minimum level of landscaping or

turf reestablishment as outlined in the Employer’s Requirement for a period of two years from
the date of Defect Liability Certificate (DLC) under the contract for any section or the entire
project road as the case may be. At the end of the two-year warranty period, the Design-Builder
and a representative from the Employer will inspect all the areas that were seeded to ensure
that all plant matter is alive and that plant coverage is acceptable to prevent erosion. The
Design-Builder shall reestablish areas where the plant matter is dead or coverage is inadequate.
Once the inspected areas have been reestablished by the Design-Builder, the Employer will
notify the Design-Builder that the terms of the warranty period have been met and that the
warranty period is complete.
6.21.20 Methodology for condition parameter Measures

Potholes: A pothole is a type of disruption, disintegration or deficiency in the paved surfacing
of the Roadway where a portion of the surfacing material has been broken away leaving a bowl
shaped hole of irregular size, even at that time the base course material may be intact. In other
words, loss of surfacing material constitutes a pothole.
The method for determination of the existence of a pothole is by simple visual observation by
walking or driving at less than 5km per hour along the edge of pavement viewing outward to the
centreline. Any potholes detected as defined above will then be confirmed by walking to the
location and standing directly over the location and measuring the dimensions and to determine
that the base course is indeed exposed.
This process is to be repeated on the opposite side of the Road so that both lanes stands
inspected. For pavements where paved shoulders have been constructed contiguously with the
main carriageway, the shoulders are to be included as part of the pavement in this inspection
process as well and the intactness of the edge of the pavement or paved shoulder.
Patching: Patching is defined the well prepared, filled, and compacted repair of a surface
distresses such as potholes and similar with bituminous/aggregate materials similar to the
surrounding pavement which has been approved for use by the Employer. The method of
determination of compliance with the patching service quality criterion is similar to that for
pothole criterion compliance and may be performed simultaneously. Any patch suspected of
being noncompliant on the walk through/drive through inspection shall be closely inspected and
measured for compliance as detailed for this criterion in service level table above.
Cracks in Pavement: Cracks in pavement are defined as linear fissures, openings, openings
in the pavement surfacing materials that have not been filled level full with an appropriate
bituminous material and method approved by the Project Manager that may allow water to
penetrate or seep through to the base course material and thus lead to potholing and other
pavement distresses. The method of determination of compliance for this service level criterion
is similar to that for pothole criterion compliance and may be performed simultaneously. Any

crack in the pavement surface suspected of being non-compliant on the walk through/drive
through inspection shall be closely inspected and measured for compliance as detailed for this
criterion in specified service level.
Shoving: Localized plastic movement (Bulging) of the Road surface generally parallel to the
direction of traffic. This type of distress occurs in areas where there is frequent braking or
acceleration. Transverse shoving may arise with turning movements. The method of
determination of compliance for this service level criterion can be done by place a 1.5m
straightedge over the affected area and measure height of bulge. Any shoving in the pavement
surface suspected of being non-compliant on the walk through/drive through inspection shall be
closely inspected and measured for compliance as detailed for this criterion in specified service
level.
Ravelling: It is characterized by the progressive disintegration of the surface due to failure of

binder to hold the material together. The process starts from the surface downwards or from the
edge inwards. The ravelling is detected visually by walk over survey or driving at 5kmph speed
in a vehicle. The affected area is measured using a measuring tape.
Edge Break: It is phenomenon of breaking or deformation of edges of bituminous pavement in

irregular way on account of cracking, spalling or other causes resulting in significant loss of
carriageway/pavement width. The broken edges can be detected through visual inspection
while walk over survey or driving at a speed of 5kmph. The affected area is measured using
tape and scale.
Rutting: It is longitudinal depression or groove in the wheel track usually of the width of a wheel
path. It is detected by visual inspection through walk over or driving in vehicle at a speed of
5kmph. Rutting depth is measured using a 1.5m straight edge when placed perpendicular to the
direction of travel & ruler, whereas the length and width are measured through measuring tape.
Depressions and settlement: Depressions and settlement are defined as any pavement
defect that has caused there to be more than a 25mm gap when measured under a 3meter
straight edge when laid parallel or perpendicular to the direction of travel. Method of correction
must be approved by the Employer. The method for determination of the existence of
depressions or settlement is the same as for potholes and should be done at the same time.
When a suspect depression or settlement is detected, a three-meter straight edge will be laid
across the location in the direction that caused the greatest gap under the straight edge, and
then the gap is measured with a millimetre ruler or more appropriately with an indexed wedge.
Pavement Friction: The friction value at the end of the warranty period shall be no less than
40. Pavements with a friction number less than 40 will require corrective action within six
months. If at any time during the defect liability period and the warranty period the
Employer/Employer’s Representative determines, in accordance with ASTM E274-90, that this
criterion is not met, upon receipt of notice to such effect from the Employer, the Contractor shall
take corrective action to provide values that meet or exceed 40, within 30 days after receipt of
the notice.

Shoulders:
Edge Drop off: Edge drop is defined as the comparison of elevation between the edge of
pavement and the earthen, gravel, or grassed area adjoining the pavement edge. Surface water
must be able to drain away from the edge of pavement, but the drop off must not be so great
as to be a traffic hazard. The comparison of elevation shall be such that the adjoining edge
outside the pavement edge is no more than 15 mm below the pavement or paved shoulder
edge. In addition, the adjoining edge outside the pavement edge shall never be above the
pavement or paved shoulder edge. The method for determining compliance with this criterion is
the same as for potholes, depressions and settlement, that is, initial detection by visual
observation while walking or very slowly driving down the side of the Road while also making
observations for detection of potholes, depressions and settlement. When non-compliance is
suspected a straight edge, (the 3-meter straightedge for measuring depressions and settlement
shall be used) is placed on the edge of pavement or paved shoulder perpendicular to the
direction of travel and extended past the edge by at least one (1) meter. A millimetre graduated
ruler shall be used to determine that the earthen, gravel, or grassed area directly adjoining the
pavement edge is even with or no more than 50 mm below the edge of pavement or paved
shoulder. If the height of earthen, gravel, or grassed area adjoining the edge of pavement or
paved shoulder does not allow the straight edge to lie flat on the pavement, this is also non-
compliance.
6.21.21 Methodology for Durability Performance Measures

The methodologies to be used for inspections of Service Levels or threshold limits are as
follows: -
Roughness
Roughness shall be measured using Response type meters such as TRL Bump integrator
mounted on a vehicle and connected with hardware interface and a ROMDAS (Road
Measurement Data Acquisition System) or Roughometer, which yields an estimate of the Road
roughness directly from the movement of the vehicle along the Road. These need to be
calibrated against a reference roughness. The outputs should be expressed in International
Roughness Index (IRI in m/km) and BI units. The procedure for measurements and analysis will
be in accordance with the guidelines supplied by the manufacturer of the equipment.
Roughness measurement data will be recorded on the entire length of the pavement.
The reporting interval for the roughness data should be such that it is both sufficiently long to
include all the wavelengths of Road profile that make up roughness, but also sufficiently short
that the maintenance Contractor can identify the discrete defects that are adding to the overall
roughness. The data acquisition interval shall be 100m.
Device for measurement of roughness must be calibrated/validated over the range of Road
conditions and vehicle speeds reasonably expected during the surveys. Such
calibration/validation should be undertaken during the data collection phase as per the
manufacturer’s recommendations and from observations during previous use.
Deflection

The deflection of a Road is taken to be an indication of its load carrying capacity. The deflection
is measured using Benkelman Beam. Under this system a weight is applied to the Road and
then the resulting deflection of the Road surface measured. The magnitude and shape of the
deflections at various distances from the load are then used to infer the structural capacity.
The interval of testing shall be at 100m. The Benkelman Beam Deflection measurement shall
be carried out in accordance with ERA Pavement Rehabilitation and Asphalt Overlay Manual
2013.
Moisture and other factors can play a significant part in the deflections measured and hence in
determining the remaining life of the pavement. It is necessary to document what methodology
will be utilized to normalize results from one survey to the next. This is particularly so when
bonus/penalty payments are at risk based on the estimated remaining life of the pavement.
6.21.22 Inspection Procedures and Methodology for Evaluation of Signs,

Pavement Markings, Kilometer and Guide posts and Guardrails/Crash Barriers
Procedures for Inspection rubbish
The visual inspection will be undertaken as part of the formal and informal inspections. The
criteria for Signage and Road Safety will be checked at Sections selected by the Project
Manager based on visual appearance. The Project Manager shall be the sole judge of
compliance. If a specified criterion is not meet, the One-Kilometre Section in which the
deficit occurs will be judged non-compliant.
Methodology for evaluation of conditions of signage and Road safety
Traffic Signs
Traffic signs are defined as any sign, information, mandatory/regulatory, cautionary/ warning,
delineators, Road stud, and route markers or otherwise, that is required on the Roadway.
The method of determining compliance is by visual observation and Km readings and

comparing sign positions along the Road way to those shown on the as-built drawings, if
available, but at minimum to the positioning, design, and dimension of the sign of the latest ERA
Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road works 2013 and
AASHTO for delineators and route markers. The sign face shall be retro-reflective which can be
determined by close observation in daylight, however if there is any question as to retro-
reflectivity the sign or signs in question shall be observed after dark under normal low beam
head lamp lights of any vehicle and must be fully visible and the symbols, numbers, or lettering
have the same legibility by the same person at the same distance as during daylight, but no
less than 50 meters. To be in compliance with this criterion the signs in the test Section must
all be in place and undamaged, meet the ERA Standard Technical Specification and Method of
Measurement for Road works 2013 and be retro reflective as described above. Otherwise this
test Section will be marked as non-compliant for this criterion. Absence of any requisite sign as
according to ERA Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road

works 2013 and ERA Geometric Design Manual 2013 does not absolve the Contractor from
placing/replacing and maintaining all appropriate sign.
Pavement Markings
Pavement Markings are defined as those longitudinal paint or thermoplastic markings on the
pavement surface which give guidance as to the outer edge of the carriageway and the
centreline of the Road and well as give guidance as to whether overtaking is not allowed.
Pavement markings also include transversely positioned pedestrian crosswalks, stop bars,
raised rumble strips and any other pavement marking shown on the Road Sections as existing
at site or necessary to meet the ERA Standard Technical Specification and Method of
Measurement for Road works 2013.
The method of determining compliance is by visual observation while walking or driving along
a test Section to determine if the markings are in place, fully visible, intact, and firmly attached
to the pavement surface and of the dimension, color, and retro-reflectivity shown on the as-built
drawings as well as that detailed in the ERA standards. Glass spheres must be readily visible
and retro-reflectance shall be proved by viewing the test Section’s pavement markings after
dark under normal low beam head lamp lights of any vehicle and must be clearly visible to a
distance of 50 meters. Any missing, obliterated, unsound, improperly dimensioned, or not
properly retro-reflective marking found within the test Section will cause that Section to be
marked as non-compliant. Absence of any requisite pavement marking as according to the ERA
Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road works 2013 and ERA
Geometric Design Manual 2013 does not absolve the Contractor from placing/replacing and
maintaining all appropriate pavement markings.
Kilometre and Guide posts

Kilometre posts are those Road-side markers that are placed to assist the Road user (and Road
maintenance agency) of their linear location along the Road and distance to and from nearby
or distant villages, cities, etc. Guide posts are used to delineate the Road curvature and outer
edge of the Roadway, where the Road designer found them necessary to improve safety. These
Kilometre and guide posts shall be present, undamaged, lettering and numbering clearly
viewable from 50meters, and in their proper position as per the Road Sections as-built drawing
and shall also meet the ERA Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for
Road works 2013 and ERA Geometric Design Manual 2013 for placement, dimensions, colours,
and markings. The method of determining compliance is by visual observation while walking or
driving along a test Section to determine if the kilometre posts and guideposts meet the above
conditions. If any of the above described conditions are not met, this test Section shall be
marked as non-compliant for this criterion.
Guardrails/Crash barriers:
Guardrails/crash barriers are defined as those metal and/or concrete, safety devices placed
along the Road side to assist in preventing vehicles from going far off the Road and over a steep
embankment or the like. Guardrails shall be in place, located, and dimensionally and materially

detailed existing at site and meet any applicable ERA Standard Technical Specification and
Method of Measurement for Road works 2013 and ERA Geometric Design Manual 2013 and
shall not be significantly damaged, loose, or corroded.
Any required paint or zinc coating shall be intact. Any reflective disks or as required by the ERA
Geometric Design Manual 2013 shall be in place. The method of determining compliance is by
visual observation while walking or driving along a test Section to determine if the guardrail is
properly in place and not significantly damaged as to prevent it from serving its intended
purpose. All reflectors shall be in place and the surface coating intact and no significant
corrosion shall be present. If any of these conditions are not met, this test Section shall be
marked as non-compliant for this criterion.
6.22 Submittals
6.22.1 General
The Contractor shall submit regular reports of his design, progress and performance on the
Contract to the Employer’s Representative and the Employer, using the standard forms of the
Employer, or any other format accepted by the Employer’s Representative.
6.22.2 Design Deliverables
Design deliverables will change as project progress through the design process. However, the
basic design deliverables will always be the design reports (including survey/ investigation
results and calculations), drawings, schedules, specifications, other documents and details
required to construct and deliver a project that meets the minimum requirements under this
Contract. The Contractor shall prepare and submit a draft and final reports. Contractor shall
submit reports in draft and final versions as indicated below.
Table 6-17: Number of Copies
Report title/ No. of Paper No. of Paper No. of CD

deliverable Copies [Draft] Copies [Final] Copies
[Draft/Final]
Design Reports 3 5 2/3
The Contractor shall submit a comprehensive detailed design report after completion of the
design Works in a format and content that will be supplied to him by the Employer/Employer’s
Representative.
The contractor shall deliver the following reports as a minimum:
6.22.3 Route Selection Report

The Route Selection Report shall include a preliminary reconnaissance survey, inventory of
three possible alternative routes, condition surveys, desktop studies, consultation processes
and records, review of environmental and social impacts on the alternative alignments and

recommendation for preferred route based on the cost and ease of construction. The economic
viability of the alternative routes will also be included in the report. Having regard to their
economic, technical, social and environmental viability, the alternative routes should be
evaluated and the most advantageous alignment should be presented in the report. While the
contents of this report shall comply with the requirements of the Employer’s Requirement, the
form shall be agreed with the Employer’s Representative.
6.22.4 Topographic Survey Report
The topographic surveying report shall include, but not limited to, the following:
 Field data files / in a raw unedited format:
 Final adjusted coordinates, elevations, and descriptions for the primary control
points in an Excel file formatted (point number, northing (Y), Easting (X), Elevation
(Z), Description /comment)
 Legible copies of all field notes;
 The DTM data for the whole route, in electronic AutoCAD format
 Levelling, traverse, etc
6.22.5 Departure from Standard Report
The report shall include a brief description list of “departure” from the standards and the reasons
for departure if any. It shall be submitted within six weeks after commencement.
6.22.6 Deliverables of Geometric Design
The Contractor shall develop and deliver with ER stamp Released for Construction (RFC) and
As-Built Documents in accordance with the Employer’s Requirement.
A. Plan Submittal Requirements
The Contractor shall produce plans & specification and provide adequate information for safe,
efficient & high quality construction. The plans shall include (at a minimum) the following items:
i. Cover sheet & list of Standard Drawings ii. Retaining wall plans
iii. General rules & general layout sheet iv. Super elevation plans
v. List of standard drawings/ general notes/ soils notes vi. Roadway cross-sections
vii. Standard plans/ special details & Design Deviations viii. Drainage schedule
ix. Terrain classification with respect to design speed x. Bridge schedule
xi. Typical sections xii. Side ditch schedule
xiii. Horizontal alignment data (which includes curve
xiv. Retaining wall schedule
details and design speed)
xv. Vertical alignment data xvi. Guide post schedule
xvii. Intersection layout plan/ details xviii. Guard rail Schedule
xx. Special cross sections
xix. Highway plan & profile
(retaining wall sections)
xxi. Bridge Plans xxii. Traffic sign schedule
xxiii. Drainage plans/profiles

B. Plans
Plans shall include the following but not limited to:
General Requirements (All Sheets)
(i) Stationing and beginning and end of construction
(ii) Roadways labelled
(iii) Scale, north arrow, legend
(iv) References to other sheets (i.e., See Sheet No. xx)
(v) All text is legible with no text overlapping or lines going through text
(vi) Drawn by: and Checked by: initials included
(vii) Sheet title in lower right
(viii) Complies with CADD Data Standards.
C. Title Sheet
i. Provide: signature block with appropriate signature lines and printed text names
of signatories; Work description; index map with legible names of major streets,
roadways and other features; design designation; design exception information
for each roadway; Project location information at lower middle; length/limits of
Project based on northbound or eastbound alignment; north arrow and map
scale
D. General Layout
(i) Show: locations of plan-view sheets (construction, paving, intersections,
drainage); existing roadways; bodies of water; significant land
features/topography
(ii) Label: bodies of water; cities; plan sheets
E. Earthworks Quantity Tabulation and Summary

(i) Show: excavation and embankment volumes tabulated by location and
alignment for purposes of determining haul, spoil and borrow requirements and
testing rates
F. Typical Sections
(i) Show: proposed finished surfaces; grading sections; pavement and backfill
structure; RoW and subsurface drainage
(ii) Label: roadway centerlines; profile grade; grading grade; existing ground;
slopes; curbs; station limits
(iii) Dimension: roadway dimensions; dimensions to grading PIs; undercut,
expansive soil and muck excavation depths
G. Standard Plan Sheets
(i) Standard Plans placed in numerical order.
(ii) The version of Standard Plans sheets in existence at the Proposal Due Date
shall be used.
(iii) If any revision has been made to a Standard Plan sheet, the sheet shall include
the “Revision Number”, “Drawn by” and “Checked by” initials, Employer’s
Representative’s certification, and the word “Revised” added at the lower right
corner of the sheet. (Revisions must be Approved by the Employer’s
Representative)

H. Alignment Plan
(i) Provide: description of horizontal control; alignment and curve data (, degree
of curve, radius, tangent length, curve length, azimuth); x, y coordinates at all
alignment points (PI, PC, PT, CC, begin and end points, equations) contour
lines at 1 meter intervals; features within the road reserve 50 meters on both
side of the road.
(ii) Label: alignment names; stationing; control points; roadway names; point
equivalents; beginning and end of alignments; RoW boundaries
I. Construction Plans
(i) Label: alignments; curbs; pedestrian ramps; medians; traffic arrows; locations
of standard drawings used; walls; bridges; existing features; ponds;
environmentally sensitive areas; R/W and easements; construction limits
(ii) Dimension: roadway; shoulder; paths/walks; tapers; intersection radii
J. Intersection Details
(i) Label: alignments; curb types; pedestrian ramps; access to properties;
medians; traffic arrows; walls; bridges; existing features; RoW and easements;
construction limits; curb radius centres and tangent points; gutter grades and
spot elevations, as applicable
K. Profiles
(i) Provide: vertical control note indicating datum and benchmarks
(ii) Label: grades; PVC/PVI/PVT information; design speed met; high and low
points; beginning and end points; tie-in points; intersections with other
alignments; profile grade; grading grade; ditch grades; existing ground line;
bridges
(iii) Dimension: subgrade excavation depth and tapers
L. Super elevation Plans
(i) Show: super elevation transition patterns and, if needed, super-elevation
profile diagrams
(ii) Label: alignments; walls; bridges
(iii) Dimension: roadway and shoulder widths; slopes; transition end points
M. Traffic Barrier/Impact Attenuator Plans
(i) Provide: guardrail/attenuator data (type, location, details)
N. Cross-Sections
(i) Show: existing and proposed Utilities; existing and proposed RoW
6.22.7 Submittals Geotechnical investigation and Subgrade

The Contractor shall prepare and submit a Soil and material report to the Employer/Employer’s
Representative. The report shall provide a description of the investigation giving details of the
work, and the methods adopted for the fieldwork and laboratory tests. A dimensioned site plan
showing the actual location of the boreholes or exploratory excavations or hand auguring; the
geological logs for the boreholes exploratory excavations/hand auguring; the results of all field
and laboratory tests; a factual report which includes all in-situ sampling and testing and borehole
log as per the standard formats that shall be approved by the Employer’s Representative; and

a comprehensive factual and interpretation of the geological and geotechnical conditions at the
site, including details of strata, static groundwater and voids, etc.
The soil and material report must be approved by Employer/Employer’s Representative in
writing prior to start of any pavement related activities/operations in the project.
6.22.8 Pavement Design Report

The pavement will be designed on the basis of the anticipated traffic in consideration of the legal
load limits of Ethiopia where the design period shall be fixed and subgrade materials conditions.
The pavement and road cross-section with slopes, compaction requirements and material
specifications shall be determined based on analysis and findings on the sub-grade soil test
and test results of the available construction material.
Therefore, the pavement design report shall include but not limited to the following:
 Detailed description of all activities undertaken with respect to materials investigations,
traffic studies and pavement design;
 Detailed Calculations for traffic forecasting and determination equivalency factor;
 Pavement evaluation and pavement design options;
 Recommendations for the selected pavement design combinations.
6.22.9 Hydrology/Hydraulics Report
The Hydrology/Hydraulics Report will provide the necessary hydrologic and hydraulic analysis
to complete the design. Contents of the report shall follow the guidance in the ERA’s DDM in a
bound format. In addition, the report shall include:
a) Maps indicating the general and specific project location including the stream
channel(s) to proposed structure locations and drainage basin boundaries.
b) Discussions, documentation, and summaries of all analysis and design activities
(including any assumptions used) and results.
c) Detailed hydraulic design as well as rational for selecting all drainage
structures/systems.
d) Appendices containing copies of any hand or spreadsheet calculations and the input
and output data from any computer models used.
e) Maps and/or exhibits showing the location and orientation of all cross-sections and
cross section plots for all locations.
f) Electronic copies of computer input/output files.
6.22.10 Structures and Drainage Report

The Contractor shall prepare the reports related with major structures and bridges with
supporting drawings, tables, and discussion as needed. Include the following (as a minimum):

 Review the structure site data to determine the requirements that will control the
structure size, layout, and type.
 Propose recommended superstructure and substructure alternative(s). Propose
foundation alternative(s). Determine the structure length, width, and span configurations
that satisfy horizontal and vertical clearance criteria. Consider hydraulic opening and
potential scour requirements. For walls, propose wall type and foundation alternatives.
 Consider environmental constraints.
 Consider restrictions due to site access and transport limitations, and local material
availability.
 Recommend proposed adjustments to profile alignment and grade necessary to
accommodate bridge location and freeboard requirements.
 Recommend a structure layout, type and rehabilitation alternative(s) as applicable.
Include a preliminary sketch(s). More than one alternative may be recommended. State
criteria used to evaluate each alternative.
The Report shall also include drainage report that includes plan sheets, notes, and details to
include the following inter-alia:
 Drainage structure
 Culvert Design
 Pipe and Box/ slab culvert tabulation
 Design computation and schedules
The Contractor shall prepare all plans and calculations in support of the design and in
accordance with the standards provided in this section of the Employer’s Requirements. The
Plan and calculations shall be submitted to Employer’s Representative as a draft for review and
comments. Any comments on the draft plan and calculations will be returned to the Contractor
for incorporating the comments during the finalization of the documents. The Final report shall
be submitted to Employer/ Employer’s Representative for approval after addressing the
comments. The final report must be approved by Employer prior to commencement of any
activity related with the construction of bridges.
6.22.11 Geotechnical Report
The Contractor shall prepare a Geotechnical Report that summarizes the results of field,
laboratory investigation programs and geotechnical design recommendations. The report
shall include:
 Subsurface Investigation Plan
 Geotechnical Report

6.22.12 Construction Specification and Special Provisions

Technical Specifications Special Provisions may be written only for items not addressed by
ERA’s Standard Technical Specification, and may not be used as a means of changing ERA’s
Standard Specifications.
Before construction activities can begin, the Contractor shall review, prepare and submit for
review a signed construction specification package for the project, containing all applicable
Divisions and Special Provisions in hard and softcopies to ERA/ Employer’s Representative.
The signed specifications package shall also include individually signed and sealed Technical
Provisions for any and all work not addressed by ERA’s standard Specifications.
6.22.13 Partial Design Report

The Contractor may submit one or more Partial Design Reports for review and approval by the
Employer’s Representative and Employer in order to expedite the Construction Works. This
report shall include the topography, geology, geotechnical, hydrology, hydraulic, structures,
traffic, pavement, geometry, information and drawings and other information as described in the
Employer's Requirements which the Contractor wishes to commence in advance of completing
the entire design.
6.22.14 Final Design Report

The Contractor shall prepare a Final Design Report which shall include all topography,
hydrology, hydraulic, structures, pavement, traffic, geology, geometry, geotechnical information
and drawings and other information as described in the Employer’s Requirement. This report
must be submitted within 30 days after the last section has been designed following the
Contractor’s program presented in the Inception Report.
6.22.15 Environment and Social Report

The activities carried out related to Environment and Social measures shall be reported as
annex with Monthly Progress Report. Furthermore, the Contractor shall submit the following
information and documentation, as a minimum, to the Employer/ Employer’s Representative
related to Environment and Social Reports
a) Environmental Compliance Plan

b) Environmental Construction Monitoring Reports
c) Updated the Resettlement Action Plan
d) Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
e) Archaeological Survey and Monitoring Plan
f) Wetlands delineations
g) HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities

6.23 Construction Works Deliverables

6.23.1 Monthly Report
The Contractor shall monitor progress of all the activities specified in the Program of
Performance and provide a Monthly Report describing progress to the Employer’s
Representative every month.
Progress on construction works in a format accepted by the Employer’s Representative and

summarised to enable the Employer’s Representative to monitor construction progress and
verify payments requested by the Contractor. It should include a list of uncompleted works and
a program for their completion. It should summarise all Quality Control tests and reports on the
works completed during the month and clearly indicate any areas where there are issues with
compliance with the Technical Specifications, with proposed remedial measures.
6.23.2 Program
The Contractor shall report actual progress against his Program of Performance and provide
periodic updates as required. The initial Program shall be presented in the first Monthly Report
and the Annual Updated Program shall be presented in the last Monthly Report of each year.
6.23.3 Cash Flow
The Contractor shall report his cash-flow estimates as required by the Employer’s
Representative.
6.23.4 As-Built Documentation
The Contractor shall submit as-built drawings and other documentation for whole construction
Works.
As-Built Documents shall include Plans, Shop drawings, as-built drawings, Design calculations,
Reports/Project documentation, and Specifications.

Appendix
Appendix A: Employers Representative Site Facilities
Appendix B-1 Typical Cross Sections
Appendix B-2 Detail Drawing for RoW Marker

ANNEX A
EMPLOYER’S REPRESENTATIVE SITE FACILITIES

Appendix A
HOUSING, OFFICES, LABORATORY TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER FACILITIES FOR

THE EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVE’S SITE PERSONNEL
I. SCOPE
This section covers the provision and maintenance of accommodation and
transportation for the Employer Representative’s supervisory staff. This accommodation
shall include the necessary Offices, Laboratory, Living Houses, Transportation, Survey
Equipment, Communication Radios and the provision of all the necessary services. The
provisions of this section are to be read in conjunction with the various sub- sections of
Annex A.
As per ERA Standard Technical Specifications (2013), the size and nature of the project
is categorized as Large Scale Project and the option corresponding to this, Option 1,
will apply for provisions specified for accommodation service, and attendance for the
Employer Representative’s. All the requirements and provisions included in ERA
Standard Technical Specification (2013), for site facilities to the Engineers’ supervisory
staff in terms of accommodation and transport shall apply. The following provisions shall
be amendment or addition to the ERA Standard Specification (2013).
II. OFFICES and LABORATORY
(a) General
The various units of accommodation and the fittings shall be constructed in accordance
with the provisions of ERA standard Technical Specification 2013 and the
requirements set-out below and in sub-sections A1, A2 and A3 of this Annex A, and the
details provided by the Employer’s Representative.
The buildings for houses shall be constructed from prefabricated materials (which shall
be constructed with timber, fiber cement) or Hollow Block Material or other approved
material. Ceilings shall be provided for both office and laboratory buildings. Office
buildings shall have concrete floors with vinyl floor tiles and laboratory buildings shall
have concrete floors (the office in the laboratory shall have vinyl floor tiles). Window
areas of these buildings shall be at least equal to 25% of the floor area. Each building
shall be provided with a verandah on one side, running for the full length of the building.
The verandah shall be 1.5 m wide and shall have a 100 mm thick concrete floor.
Stores shall have galvanized corrugated steel roofs and 100 mm thick concrete floors.
The sides of the stores shall be fenced off from floor level to the roof with 50 mm
diamond-mesh wire. Each store shall have one lockable door.
Office and laboratory buildings shall be painted with an approved paint after erection.
The paintwork shall be maintained during the contract period, whenever instructed by
the Employer’s Representative.
Each door shall be provided with a lock and two keys.

The layout, sitting and orientation of the housing, offices and laboratory or other
accommodation shall be to the Engineer's approval and shall be decided upon in
consultation with the Engineer. Offices, vehicles, laboratories, residential
accommodation and anything which are to be provided to the Engineer’s staffs complete
with their contents, access roads and hard standings shall be ready for occupation and
sole use by the Engineer within One Hundred and Eighty (180) days from
commencement of the Works. If the Contractor fails to provide the facilities mentioned
above as per the Contract within the time frame stated herein, the Contractor shall
continue to provide the offices, vehicles and laboratories at the Contractor’s own cost.
Regarding temporary housing and Surveying equipment, the Engineer provides these
facilities by himself for the said One Hundred and Eighty (180) days, and if the
Contractor fails to provide the permanent housing and surveying equipment to
Engineer’s staff within the time frame, the Employer will deduct from any monies due to
Contractor and pay to the Engineer as per Consultant’s rate quoted for provision of these
facilities by Increasing the quantity equal to the quantity of permanent Engineers’
facilities until such time the Contractor provides the permanent housing and surveying
equipment. The Employer will also withhold ETB 500,000.00 per month as penalty for
the failure to provide the permanent facility and the same will be released when the
Contractor provides the permanent facility as per the requirement of the Contract. This
is without prejudicing the Engineer’s right to take other contractual measures.
All accommodation shall include the provision of 220-volt electricity, and where required,
fresh clean potable water and sewerage, including septic tanks, if necessary, which will
be considered as part and parcel of the accommodation provided and will not be paid
for separately.
All windows shall be of the type that can open over the full window area.
The Contractor’s Site Office shall be situated in the vicinity, but at reasonable distance
from the Employer Representative’s Site Office.
All accommodation shall be approved by the Employer’s Representative.
(b) Offices
The Contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintain an air-conditioned Office
building for the sole use of the Engineer (Employer’s Representative) for the
duration of the contract as per the requirements and provisions of sub-section A2
of Annex A.
The Engineer’s (Employer’s Representative’s) office building shall be equipped

with the fittings, furniture and equipment specified in the ERA Standard
Specification 2013 for Option 1. These shall conform also to the following
requirements:
i. Shelves shall be suitable for storing all the contract drawings or shall else
be as detailed on the Drawings.

ii. Each wash hand basin shall be fitted with taps and a drain.
iii. Each office shall be provided with Air Conditioning unit. Air-conditioning
units shall be as specified in Sub clause II (f).
iv. Lights shall be of the fluorescent type either double 80 watt, single 80 watt
or double 55 watt or of the incandescent type according to what is required
or specified.
v. Each draughtsman's stool shall be fitted with a padded seat with an

adjustable seat height.
vi. Electric power plug points shall be provided. Each office shall have at least
two 15 ampere plug points.
vii. Each drawing table shall have either an inclined or a horizontal surface as
specified, and a smooth top built to the dimensions shown on the Drawings
or as approved by the Employer’s Representative.
viii. Chairs shall be robust and comfortable.
ix. A complete telephone service, together with an exchange line and the
number of extensions specified or ordered by the Employer’s
Representative shall be provided. The tendered amount shall also include
the cost of all telephone calls in connection with the project administration.
x. Each conference table shall be large enough to seat twelve people and
shall have an area of at least 5 m².
xi. Blinds shall be of the types as specified or ordered by the Employer’s

Representative.
xii. Adjustable Venetian blinds or opaque roller blinds shall be supplied to the
Employer Representative’s satisfaction so as to permit light to enter the
room but excluding direct light.
xiii. A complete facsimile service, complete with a dedicated telephone line and
fax paper for the maintenance of the service and for any other costs,
including rentals, associated with the service.
xiv. Computers shall be of the following types (or their equivalent as approved
by the Employer’s Representative):

Description/Minimum
S/No Parts
Requirement
1 Processor Intel® Core™ i7 8th Generation
2 Processor Speed 3.2 Ghz and above.
3 Cache Memory L3 cache 4 MB
4 HDD 1 TB Hard Drive,
5 RAM 16 GB RAM
6 Graphics Card 6 GB NEVIDA
7 Multimedia DVD+/-RW - Combo
8 Network Interface 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet
Operating System Genuine 64 bit windows 10

9
Software Professional with License
USB 3.0 Ports or /and

10 Standard I/O Ports
2.0 Ports , VGA and HDMI Port
Wide Screen Flat/ 19" with best

11 Display Unit resolution
Supports HDMI and/or VGA ports
USB Standard Keyboard and Optical

12 Keyboard and Mouse
Mouse
Internationally Recognized Brands:-

Computer Model, manufacturer
brochure with technical specification
13 Brand and Model for the offered Computer should be
attached and the availability of spare
parts in local market also be
specified.
14 Power Supply 220-240V/50-60Hz + Power cords
15 Speaker external speaker included

xv. Computer printers shall be LaserJet technology with speed of 15 pages per
minute resolution 600*600 size A4 and desk jet A3 & A4 size color& Black
and white resolution 1200*1200 DPI or more recent. At least one printer
shall be suitable for printing color photographs from a digital camera. Each
printer will be supplied with suitable cables and switches to connect the
printer to the computers all to the satisfaction of the Employer’s
Representative. The tendered amount will include for the maintenance of
the printer throughout the Contract period.
xvi. Scanner resolution 4800DPI size A4 or similar approved by the Employer’s

Representative.
xvii. Computer software shall include:
1. MS windows XP or higher
2. MS office 2010 professional or latest.
3. Approved virus detection software with update support.
4. Lap link for windows with associated cable
5. MS Project 2010 or latest for Windows.
Computer software shall include also:
1. AutoCAD 2010 or more recent for Windows

2. The following modules of Eagle Points Civil Series software for
Windows for road design and earthworks calculations: Roadcalc,
Surface Modeling, Profiles, COGO, Data Transfer, Data Collection,
Drafting, Intersection Design, running in AutoCAD environment. In
alternative to the above mentioned modules of Eagle Point Civil Series
software for road design, the Employer’s Representative may instruct
the Contractor to provide software, of similar characteristics, for road
design from a different software producer.
The latest versions of the above mentioned software, compatible with each
other, shall be supplied. All to the satisfaction of the Employer’s
Representative.
xviii. External CD-Drive/Recorder CD-RW of type compatible with the computers

and as approved by the Employer’s Representative.
xix. Photocopy machine
 The photocopy machine shall have speed of 15 pages per minutes of A4

size with good zooming capacity and shall be capable of self-feeding and
producing copies up to A3 size, with capabilities for the reduction and
enlargement of documents. The tendered amount shall include for the
provision, installation and maintenance of the machine.
xx. Plotter

 The plotter shall be of the Hewlett-Packard Design Jet 750type or approved

similar type and shall be used for the automatic plotting of road surveys
alignment drawings and cross-sections at up to A0 size.
xxi. Digital camera
 The camera shall be of the Casio or equivalent digital camera type, image
resolution 640 x 480, high resolution, 61 image memory type or similar as
approved by the Employer’s Representative and should be supplied with
all relevant computer hardware accessories and software. The camera
should also be compatible with the supplied computer hardware and
software as in (xvii) to (xx) above.
xxii. Photo camera
 36 mm color day/date high resolution camera with automatic zoom as

approved by the Employer’s Representative.
(c) Laboratory
The Contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintain an air-conditioned site
laboratory building for the sole use of the Engineer (Employer’s Representative)
for the duration of the contract as per all the requirements and provisions of ERA
standard Technical Specification 2013.
The fittings, furniture and equipment required for the site laboratory and offices in
the laboratory shall be as specified in the ERA standard Specification 2013 for
option 1 (large scale project).
The laboratories fittings and furniture shall also conform to the following
requirements:
i. Ordinary chairs, telephone extensions, 15 amperes 220-volt electricity plug
points and air-conditioners and lights shall meet the same requirements as
specified for offices.
ii. Shelf space provided against walls shall be of robust construction and
shelving shall be of suitable timber or fibers cement material depending on
requirements. Shelving below work tables shall be 390 mm above floor
level and above working areas 980 mm above floor level.
iii. Work bench areas shall be of two types as specified.
1. Of wooden construction. The tops shall be hard and smooth, free from
warping or other defects.
2. With concrete tops. The tops shall be at least 75 mm thick concrete
slabs with a smooth hard steel-troweled finish.
All work benches shall be robust and their upper surface shall be 920 mm
above floor level.

iv. Gas installations shall consist of the necessary gas cylinders, regulators,
tubing, and taps.
v. High stools for use at work benches shall be robust and, if of fixed height,
shall be 800 mm high.
vi. A 380 volt 3-phase electric power supply shall be provided. Power points
for ovens and a crusher shall be suitable for the purpose. Power points in
oven rooms shall be 1.2 m above floor level.
vii. Concrete working floors shall be at least 125 mm thick and provided with a
hard smooth finish. The working areas shall be either entirely open or under
a shelter as required.
viii. Wash basins shall be as prescribed either of stainless steel or precast
concrete with an area of at least 0.3 m² and minimum depth 0.3 m. They
shall be provided with swan neck type laboratory taps and drain pipes.
ix. A supply of fresh clean potable water at a constant head of not less than 3
m at the taps shall be provided. Storage capacity in respect of the
laboratory water supply shall not be less than 700 liters.
x. Fire extinguishers shall be of the BCF (Bromo chlorodi fluoromethane) type
manufactured to BS 1721 and suitable for Types A, B, C and E fires. The
extinguishers shall contain not less than 2.5 kg of extinguishing fluid and
shall be fitted to the wall at suitable positions by means of quick release
brackets. They shall be freshly charged and the seals shall be unbroken.
Fire extinguishers shall be checked and maintained on a regular basis bi-
annually or as required.
xi. Extractor fans shall be mounted as to operate noiselessly. They shall have
a capacity of at least 0.15 KW each.
xii. Where required, concrete footings and pedestals shall be constructed to
the dimensions indicated by the Employer’s Representative for installing
certain testing equipment.
xiii. Baths for curing concrete test cubes, beams and cylinders shall be
provided. The baths shall be rectangular in shape and regarding the inside
dimensions the width shall not exceed 1.0 m and the depth shall not exceed
0.6 m. The baths shall be made from concrete, plastered brick, or other
suitable material.
xiv. A 0.3 m³ capacity refrigerator shall be supplied.
(d) Car ports
Car ports shall be so constructed with the office as to protect the vehicles parked
under them at all times against the direct rays of the sun. The car port shall
accommodate all Employer’s Representative vehicles and the floors shall consist
of a layer of broken/crushed stone to alleviate dusty and muddy conditions and
shall be maintained until completion of the project.

(e) Areas around Employer Representative’s Office, Laboratories and

Accommodation
The access and other roads around the offices shall be treated to make them dust
free either by crushed stone, suitable dust retardant oils or bituminous surfacing.
They shall be well-drained and kept trafficable and free from mud and dust at all
times. Foot paths shall be similarly treated to provide convenient access to all
buildings. All Employer’s Representative facilities shall be in a single compound
fenced using materials approved by the Employer’s Representative.
(f) Air-conditioning units
The Contractor shall provide and install air-conditioning units to the office,
laboratory and housing accommodations.
The Contractor shall clean, maintain and service the air-conditioners at regular
intervals of one month or as directed by the Employer’s Representative. If, in the
opinion of the Employer’s Representative, the air-conditioners do not work
satisfactorily, they shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own cost as instructed
by the Employer’s Representative.
The air-conditioning units shall be of the electrically operated compressor type with
closed circuit and of the evaporation type. The capacity of the air-conditioning units
shall be at least 2.2 KW each.
(g) Ablution units
Ablution units shall be well-ventilated units. They may be constructed from fiber-
cement sheeting with steel frames or from other suitable approved materials, and
the floors shall be of concrete with vinyl floor tiles. Latrines shall be provided with
vitreous enamel W.C. pans with PVC seats and covers and flush cisterns. Wash
basins shall be in vitreous enamel, complete with taps and drains.
Provision shall be made for suitable sewerage as specified in clause 1.3.4 where
required a separate shower and changing room shall be provided complete with
shower, hot and cold running water and drains. Each room shall be provided with
a latch fitted door on the inside. Each ablution unit shall be provided with an outside
door with a lock. At least two keys shall be provided for each lock.
III. VEHICLES
The Contractor shall provide new vehicles for the sole use of the Employer’s
Representative and his staff in accordance with the following requirements and in the
quantities specified in sub-section A4 of Annex A.

(a) The vehicles shall be registered and insured comprehensively as well as for third
party liability to cover any licensed driver. The insurance policies and registration
shall be kept current to comply with the laws of Ethiopia.
(b) The following vehicle type will be provided:
i. Vehicle type B: Four wheels drive double cabin pick-up or equivalent, with
canopy, heavy duty diesel, complying with the minimum requirements
specified in sub-section A.4 of Annex A.
(c) All vehicles shall be provided with radio/Tape/CD player, fuel tank, two spare
wheels and air conditioning units.
(d) All vehicles shall be maintained to comply with the laws of Ethiopia.
(e) On the instruction of the Employer’s Representative, the Contractor shall be

responsible for replacement whether temporary or permanent, of any vehicle that
is not operational at the project be it due to repair, theft, accident or loss.
(f) The Contractor shall provide each vehicle with an experienced driver and shall be
available to the Employer’s Representative staff on full time basis.
(g) The vehicles shall be provided with fuel and lubricants as required and shall be
serviced and maintained so as to be in a safe, reliable and roadworthy condition
at all times until the completion of the work.
The Contractor shall provide fuel and lubricants and the servicing, maintenance, and
repair of vehicles for the Engineer staff. The contractor shall provide fuel which allows
driving each vehicle up to 3000 km per month.
If the Contractor fails to provide fuel and lubricants and the servicing, maintenance, and
repair of vehicles for the Engineer staff or any one of those services, the Employer will
deduct ETB 30,000.00 per month for each vehicle for compensation for the failure to
provide the service as per the requirement of the Contract.”
All the Vehicles that are going to be supplied to the Engineer shall have GPS vehicle
tracking system so as to monitor both the individual car and the entire fleet of the
Engineer’s vehicles. It is expected that the real-time car tracking device shall give up-to-
the-minute/ a real time speed and location updates, including text or email alerts based
on parameters set in advance. Accordingly, the detail reports shall tell to the Employer,
to the Consultant’s head office and the Resident Engineer exactly where a vehicle has
been, where it's headed and how fast it's traveling on a real time basis. Withstanding to
this, the GPS trucker shall be the latest generation that could serve the purpose on a
more efficient and comprehensive manner. Moreover, the Contractor shall ensure the
proper functioning of the GPS tracker in all times of the service months. If the GPS
tracker does not become operational for certain days from the applicable month, some
amount of money, which is deemed appropriate by the Engineer, will be deducted from

the payment allotted for pay item 14.06: Fuel, Lubricants, Servicing, Maintenance, and
Insurance & Repair.
IV. SURVEY EQUIPMENT

(a) The Contractor shall supply new surveying equipment as specified in sub-section
A.5 of Annex A and shall maintain them in full working order during the progress
of the works. The Contractor shall provide drivers and all assistance such as
surveying assistants, and laborers as per the requirement of ERA Standard
Technical Specification 2013. It is anticipated; as a minimum; that 2 survey
assistants will be required together with 6 laborers which is to be assigned by the
contractor. All the requirements and provisions stated in ERA standard Technical
Specification 2013 regarding ‘Attendance’ shall be fulfilled.
However, the Employer’s representative shall be responsible to assign its
own Chainman and Laboratory Assistants.
(b) The Contractor shall provide the surveying equipment specified in sub section A.5
of Annex A including walky-talky of the type suitable for satisfactory communication
during the carrying out of the surveying work and as approved by the Employer’s
Representative; each with spare batteries and charging units. In addition, all
necessary equipment such as compasses, plumb bobs, hand levels, staffs, range
roads, tapes, pegs, templates and other items necessary for checking the survey,
setting out and measurement of the works shall be supplied by the Contractor. All
equipment shall be new.
(c) The Contractor shall provide adequate supplies of approved expendable materials
such as pegs, brushes, paint and other similar items as required by the Employer’s
Representative until the completion of the work.
V. RADIOS
The Contractor shall supply, install and maintain a suitable radio communications
system for the sole use of the Employer’s Representative and the Employer in
accordance with the following requirements.
This system shall ensure communications between the Employer’s Representative and
Contractor’s offices and vehicles in the area of the construction site as well as with the
Employer office in Addis Ababa. Communication between the Employer’s
Representative radio system to the Contractor’s site office and at least to one mobile
unit in the Contractors vehicles should be ensured. The ownership of the whole
equipment shall be transferred to the Contractor upon completion of the project.
The receivers and transmitters (HF SSB) shall form a radio telex system comprising the
following units:
(a) Base station
i. HF SSB Transceiver codan type 8528 or equivalent model front control fitted
with LSB/USB, selective call, interface facility and fan. Programmable
channels, power supply unit 220 V AC/12 V DC with cable kit. Folded dipole
antenna 150 W PEP with co-axial cable 30m.

ii. Modem codan type 9001 with 9102 software, laptop computer IBM
compatible. Printer telex roll holder with cables and mounting hardware. Fax
machine type SAGEM SAFAX –240.
 Any other type of radio as approved by the Employer’s Representative.
(b) Mobile radio system

i. HF SSB Transceiver codan type 8528 or equivalent model extended control
fitted with LSB/USB, antenna interface, selective call and program channels
control head and loudspeaker automatic tuning whip antenna complete with
vehicle mounting accessories, etc.
ii. HF SSB transceiver codan type X/2 125 W PEP or equivalent model mobile
complete with program channels antenna vehicle installation mounting
hardware and accessories.
The actual numbers of units to be provided are 10. The radio antenna shall be
constructed after approval of the type and location by the Employer’s
Representative complete with all connections to the office.
In addition, the Contractor shall provide the Employer’s Representative with three
(3) hand-held VHF/FM portables with chargers.
Any other type of radio as approved by the Employer’s Representative.
The Contractor must allow in his rates for compliance with the Government
regulations.
The Contractor shall own the radio communication equipment upon completion of
the project. The equipment shall not be reverted to the Employer.
VI. HOUSING
a) General
Housing shall be provided as described below, and in the quantities listed in sub-
section A3 of Annex. All housing provided under the Contract shall be furnished
and equipped according to the ERA 2013 Standard Technical Specification.
b) Houses
Houses shall be constructed from prefabricated materials (which shall be
constructed with timber, fiber cement) or Hollow Block Material or other approved
material.
Glass fiber insulating material shall also be provided on top of the ceilings. Floors
shall be of concrete covered with suitable carpeting or vinyl tiles.
All fittings shall be accurately installed.

Unless otherwise instructed by the Employer’s Representative each house shall,

after erection, be properly painted inside and outside with an approved paint and
the paint-work shall be maintained during the contract period.
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing cook and cleaning staff at his
own cost to the Employer Representative’s staff.
Each house shall be provided with the following:
(i) A bath and shower with drain and inside flush toilet.
(ii) A wash basin with drain pipe.
(iii) A metal kitchen sinks unit with stainless steel basin and draining boards
and cupboard with shelves.
(iv) A kitchen dresser, linen cupboard, and built-in wardrobes in the bedrooms.
(v) A suitable hot water geyser, a kitchen stove and refrigerator. The hot water
geyser shall have a capacity of approximately 140 liters with a water supply
from an outside tank or from a water main. The stove shall be a four-plate
stove complete with grill, oven and splash plate. The refrigerator shall have
a volume of at least 0.4 m³, electric, frost free.
(vi) Cold water pipes from a suitable source to the bath, shower, wash basin,
toilet and sink units, complete with taps where required.
(vii) Hot water pipes from the geyser to the bath, shower, wash basin and sink
unit, complete with taps.
(viii) Electric lights in all rooms and passages, with plug points in the kitchen,
living-room and all bedrooms. The house shall be fully wired and connected
to a 220/250-volt AC power source.
(ix) Good quality locks on all doors.
(x) Where the water supply of the house is not connected to a water main, an
external elevated cold water storage tank with a capacity of at least 3,000
liters shall be provided in order to obtain a minimum head equal to 3 m of
water at the taps, together with the pipes leading to the supply tank.
Furnishings and other equipment for houses shall be as listed in ERA 2013
Standard Technical Specification and shall be supplied new.
c) Outbuildings
A car port as described in Sub clause II (d) for one car shall be provided with each
house.
A servant's room with a minimum area of 12 m², constructed as specified for offices
and laboratories shall be provided with each house. A latrine with flush toilet and
separate shower shall be provided.

VII. TEMPORARY FACILITIES
The Contractor shall, between the date of commencement of the works and the handing
over of all the permanent completed site facilities to the Engineer (i.e. six months)
provide to the Engineer temporary site offices and laboratory which have been fully fitted,
furnished and equipped to the approval of the Engineer which shall include full running
cost and “Type B” vehicles, including all operating costs in accordance with the
provisions and requirements of ERA standard Technical Specification 2013 for option
1(large scale project)..
If the Contractor fails to provide the facilities mentioned above as per the Contract within
the time frame stated herein, the Contractor shall continue to provide the offices,
vehicles and laboratories at the Contractor’s own cost. Regarding temporary housing
and Surveying equipment, the Engineer provides these facilities by himself for the said
One Hundred and Eighty (180) days, and if the Contractor fails to provide the permanent
housing and surveying equipment to Engineer’s staff within the time frame, the Employer
will deduct from any monies due to Contractor and pay to the Engineer as per
Consultant’s rate quoted for provision of these facilities by Increasing the quantity equal
to the quantity of permanent Engineers’ facilities until such time the Contractor provides
the permanent housing and surveying equipment. The Employer will also withhold ETB
500,000.00 per month as penalty for the failure to provide the permanent facility and the
same will be released when the Contractor provides the permanent facility as per the
requirement of the Contract. This is without prejudicing the Engineer’s right to take other
contractual measures.”
VIII. SERVICES
a) Sanitary arrangements
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing all sanitary Utilities necessary for
keeping latrines in a clean, neat and hygienic condition. When no municipal
sewage treatment is available, the Contractor shall provide the necessary septic
tanks for all latrines. Waste water and septic tank effluent shall be taken into
properly designed French drains. The Contractor shall also make provision for the
removal of all rubbish. Where the construction of septic tanks or water borne
sewerage is unfeasible, the Contractor shall construct conservancy tanks and
arrange for the removal and disposal of sewage.
b) Water, electricity and gas
The Contractor shall provide a constant supply of clean potable water suitable for
human consumption as well as the necessary electric power at 220/250 volts to
the offices, laboratory and. The Contractor shall, at his own cost, provide and
maintain a supply of electricity and the reticulation thereof to the housing, offices
and laboratories. The power source shall be suitable for domestic, office and
laboratory use with an anticipated large variance in load factor. Three- phase
power shall be supplied at a nominal voltage of 400/231 volts and a nominal

frequency of 50 HZ. The source of power shall be either from a recognized power-
supply authority or by an on-site generator supplied by the Contractor.
The electrical load shall be determined by an appropriate diversity factor being

applied to the sum of the connected load, due allowance being made for the
starting load, efficiency and power factor of motors, or shall be estimated on the
basis of 10 KVA single phase per house, 1.2 KVA per m² of laboratory floor area
(three phase) and 0.35 KVA per m² of office area. Allowance shall be made for a
spare capacity of 15% with a minimum of 15 KVA. A detailed load estimate shall
be submitted to the Employer’s Representative for approval prior to any final
arrangements being made for a source of power.
In the event of electricity being generated by the Contractor, the motor-alternator

shall be suitable to maintain the voltage so that it will not deviate by more than
±5% from the nominal voltage and to maintain the frequency so that it will not
deviate from the nominal frequency by more than ±2 Hz over the entire load range
from 0% to 100% of full load, also in the event of switching on and off all normal
loads connected to the supply. Power shall be available to the office, housing and
the laboratory for 24 hours per day and between 06h00 and 22h00 for other
accommodation.
Power shall be distributed by means of enclosed distribution boards with adequate

weather and tamper protection, suitably rated circuit breakers, earth-leakage units
or fuses, and by means of adequately sized underground cables and earth
conductors. Sizing of cables and rating of protective and control devices shall take
into account the load and fault currents that can occur on the system.
The reticulation network and the wiring installation of all buildings and structures
shall be installed and maintained to ensure absolute safety and high standard of
reliability, with particular reference to the earthling installation and safety and
protective devices. The installations shall comply with the requirements of SABS
0142 and SABS 1500.
The Contractor shall at all times maintain the power supply, the distribution
network and the wiring installation of all buildings and structures at the highest
standard of safety and usability.
The Contractor shall also supply liquid petroleum gas for the burners used in the
laboratory, office and houses.
c) Maintenance
The Contractor shall provide all labor, equipment and material which may be
necessary for keeping all the buildings in a neat and clean condition, and any
repairs shall be made immediately at the request of the Employer’s
Representative.

d) Food supply and messing facilities
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing and cleaning staff at his own cost
to the Employer Representative’s staff.
e) Attendance
The Contractor shall provide the Utilities, cleaners and sanitary staff, together with
cleaning equipment. The contractor shall also at its own cost provide watchmen
24 hours for the Employer’s Representative facilities.
The Contractor shall provide all assistance such as drivers, laborers, all tools and
protective clothing, wooden pegs, iron picks and pickets, water, cement and
aggregate for concrete, transport for laborers and materials, and other vehicles as
may be required by the Employer’s Representative and his staff for checking
setting out, surveying, measuring or testing the work.
f) Progress photographs
The Contractor shall be responsible for supplying and developing 36mm color films
and printing the required number of copies from photo camera and/or digital
camera as and when requested by the Employer’s Representative.
g) Assistance to the Employer’s Representative.
The Contractor shall provide at all times during the period of the Contract, for the
exclusive use of the Employer’s Representative, all such workmen as the
Employer’s Representative may deem necessary for the carrying out of his duties
in connection with the contract:
i. Drivers
ii. Laborers (office boys, helpers, etc.)
Such staff shall be approved by the Employer’s Representative and shall be
responsible to him, although they are the employee of the Contractor.
h) Emergency Equipment
The Design-Builder shall supply to the Employer’s Representative the emergency

equipment listed in Sub-section A.6 of Annex A. Full compensation for the supply
of emergency equipment shall be deemed to be included in the tendered amount.
IX. GENERAL
(a) The Contractor shall not order any, office, laboratory, vehicles, communication
radio, survey equipment, lab equipment, furniture or fittings and materials on the
basis of what is specified or scheduled without written confirmation from the
Employer’s Representative. No buildings shall be erected without the Employer
Representative’s written instructions as to the exact position and orientation of the
buildings.

(b) Unless otherwise agreed on, the offices and laboratories shall be erected in close
proximity to the Contractor’s offices and laboratories. Should the Contractor decide
to move a substantial or essential part of his own offices and/or laboratories to a
new site, the offices, laboratories and other buildings erected for the use of the
Employer’s Representative shall be moved to the new site and re-erected, if so
ordered by the Employer’s Representative, at no additional charge.
The cost of providing necessary land for the Contractor’s Camps, the Employer
Representative’s Camp and other buildings for the project shall be at the
Employer’s expense.
(c) Office and laboratory fully furnished and equipped, Vehicles, Surveying
Equipment, Communication Radios to be supplied by the Contractor for the use of
the Employer’s Representative shall be ready for use within six months of the
commencement of the work.
(d) If any further accommodation is required (subject to the approval of the Employer)
during the period of the Contract the Employer’s Representative shall instruct the
Contractor at least three months before such additional accommodation is to be
ready for use.
(e) The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent unauthorized entry
to the housings, offices and laboratories and ensure the general security of the
offices and laboratories. The Contractor shall provide a barbed wire fence to the
Employer’s Representative compound.
(f) The Contractor shall ensure that all accommodation complies with the appropriate
statutory provisions operative in the area concerned.
If any of the vehicles, equipment, or furniture becomes unavailable to the

Employer’s Representative for any reason, including theft, the Contractor shall
immediately replace the unavailable vehicle, equipment or furniture at his own
cost.
The Contractor shall pay all charges associated with the license and use of the
radio, walky-talky to Ethio -Telcom or any other mandated government body.
The Contractor shall pay all charges associated with the Employer’s
Representative’s vehicles license and registration for use to any concerned
government body.
X. GENERAL STD AND HIV/AIDS ALLEVIATION MEASURES

(a) Housing and Offices for the HIV counseling specialist Sub Contractor
The contractor shall provide offices of the type and number as specified in Annex
A2 of Annex A.

The offices will be located in the same compound together with the respective
Employer Representative’s personnel houses and offices or any other suitable
place that will be agreed with and approved by the Employer.
The specification for the Offices will be the same as the respective Employer
Representative’s Offices.
XI. OWNERSHIP OF THE EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVE’S SITE FACILITIES

a. Ownership of Engineer’s Site Facility
“All Engineers’ facility including vehicles, housing, offices, and laboratory buildings, water
supplies and sanitation facilities including furniture, office equipment, computers, accessories,
survey instruments and walky-talky, testing equipment, and anything else supplied for the use
of the Engineer shall become the property of the Contractor upon completion of the contract.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any conflicts between this clause and other
provisions which states otherwise, this clause shall prevail.
The Employer’s right to use such Engineer’s facilities is reserved and exempted (shall not pay)
from any additional costs for which already paid for under the relevant pay items during any
possible extension of time granted/approved by the Employer.”

ANNEX A
EMPLOYER’S REPRESENTATIVE SITE FACILITIES

ANNEX A: Employer’s Representative Site Facilities

A1- LABORATORY
1. Laboratory Area
The Contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintain an air-conditioned site
laboratory building not less than 210 m2 in area for the sole use of the Engineer
(Employer’s Representative) on the main camp for the duration of the contract as per all
the requirements and provisions of ERA standard Technical Specification 2013.
The fittings, furniture and equipment required for the site laboratory and offices in the
laboratory shall be as specified in the ERA standard Specification 2013 for option 1
(large scale project).
Besides The Contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintain an air-conditioned site
laboratory building not less than 70 m2 in area for the sole use of the Engineer
(Employer’s Representative) on the Sub camp for the duration of the contract.
The minimum Internal area of laboratory building on sub camp will be indicated below
Item Description Area
1 Laboratory Testing Area 40m2
2 Oven and soaking Room 10 m2
3 Sample storage 10 m2
4 Store 10 m2
TOTAL 70 m2
The fittings, furniture and equipment required on the sub Camp for the site laboratory
will be indicated below
It. No. Description Unit Qty.

Set of ISO 3310-1 stainless steel Sieves diameter 300
mm including, but not limited to, the following aperture
sizes:75.0 mm; 63.0 mm; 50.0 mm; 37.5 mm; 26.5 mm;
1 Set
19.0 mm; 16.0 mm; 14.0 mm; 12.5 mm; 10.0 mm; 9.5 1
mm; 6.3 mm; 4.75 mm; 4.0 mm, including lid and
receiver.

Set of ISO 3310-1 stainless steel Sieves diameter 200

mm including, but not limited to, the following aperture
2 sizes:2.0 mm; 1.70 mm; 1.00 mm; 600 micron; 500 Set
1
micron; 425 micron; 300 micron; 150 micron; 125 micron;
75 micron, including lid and receiver.
3 Sieve brush, double-ended nylon No
1
200 mm diameter x 200 mm deep washing sieve with 75
4 No
micron mesh 1
5 Sieve shaker, gyratory for 200 and 300 mm dia. Sieves No
1
Electronic weighing scale/balance, 3.5 kg capacity, 0.1 g
6 No
accuracy, calibrated with underwater weighing capability 1
Electronic weighing scale/balance, 0.25 kg capacity,
7 No
0.01 g accuracy and calibrated 1
Weighing scale/balance, 25 kg capacity, 1 g accuracy
8 No
and calibrated 1
Drying oven, 225 litre capacity, fan circulated,
9 thermostatically controlled, 220-240v, 50/60Hz, single No
1
phase with 3 shelves and dial thermometer
Warm air drying unit, 100ºC max, 220-240v, 50/60Hz,
10 No
single phase 1
Hotplate, 200mm diameter, 220-240v, 50/60Hz, single
11 No
phase with Simerstat 1
Hotplate, 300 x 500 mm, digital temperature indicator 0-
12 No
300 ºC, 220-240v, 50/60Hz, single phase 1
13 Glass plates 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.05 m No

1
Set of Spatulas, 100mm blade, 150mm blade and
14 Set
200mm blade 1
15 Chattaway spatula, 125mm blade No
1
16 Moisture content tins No
20
17 Sample trays 306 x 306 x 38 mm No
2
2
1
Sample splitter, large capacity, 100mm down, 28.3 litre
20 No
hopper capacity -
21 Riffle box, steel, 10 mm, 12 slots No
1
1


1
24 Thermometer, min/max, double scale, -20 to +50 ºC No
1
25 Thermometer, laboratory mercury, 0 to 110 ºC No
1
26 Thermometer, surface, 64 mm diameter, dial 0 to 160 ºC No
1
27 Thermometer, electronic potable digital, 0 to 300 ºC No
1
28 Thermometer, digital probe, 50 – 300 ºC No
1
29 Timing device No
1
30 Gloves – heat resistant No
4
31 Gloves – water and chemical resistant No
4
32 Glass beakers, 100 mm, squat form with spout No
2
2
2
35 Measuring cylinder, 100 x 1 ml, soda glass No
1
1
1
1
39 Measuring cylinder, 100 x 1 ml, plastic No
1
1
1
1
43 Evaporating dish, 100 mm dia x 40 mm depth No
1
1
1
46 Water test kit for chlorides, alkalinity and hardness No
1

47 Pocket Calculator, Scientific No

1
48 Triangle type 30’ and 45’ - 300 mm No
1
49 Triangle type 30’ and 45’ - 150 mm No
1
50 Metric Ruler No
1
51 Large Log Book No
1
52 Pencil Sharpener No
1
53 Protractor, 150 mm No
1
54 Assorted French Curve Set No
1
55 Claw hammer No
1
56 Hammer 1 kg No
1
57 Hammer 2.5 kg No
1
58 Tool kit, multipurpose with box No
1
59 A4 clip board No
1
60 Cross Section paper (Graphiquest Canson) - Pad No
1
61 Slide callipers No
1
62 Micro metre (mm reading) No
1
63 Vacuum Pump No
1
64 Wash bottles No
2
65 Pipettes, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20ml, 50 ml and 100 ml Set
1
66 Brushes, paint brush type at 100 mm, 50 mm and 25 mm Set
1
67 Polyethylene bags 40 lt. No
10
10
10
70 Rubber mallet No
1

71 Trowel No
1
Pycnometer set suitable for SG and relative density
72 Set
measurement of soils and aggregates to ASTM D854-98 1
Water baths, thermostatically controlled capable of

73 No
maintaining constant temperatures up to 60ºC 1
74 Scoops, large for aggregate No

2
75 Scoops, medium for sand No
2
Bulk Density measures, steel with capacity, 3 litre, 7 litre,
76 10 litre, 15 litre and 30 litre, all with handles except for 3 Set
1
litre container
77 Field scale 2.6 kg No
1
78 Field scale 20 kg No
1
79 Lubricating oil lt
1
80 Soil colour chart No
1
81 Soil auger head, 100mm dia, heavy duty steel No
-
82 Soil auger head, 150mm dia, heavy duty steel No
-
83 Soil auger head, Dutch type, 50 mm, heavy duty steel No
-
84 Gravel auger head, 150mm dia, heavy duty steel No
1
Extension rods, 27mm dia, 1m length for use with auger
85 No
heads, heavy duty steel 4
86 Stillson wrench, size 14 No
1
87 Handle and T-piece for hand boring, heavy duty steel No
1
88 Jarring link for driving sample tubes No
1
89 Spiral auger, 40mm dia, one piece, heavy duty No
1
90 Sample tube, 38mm dia x 2 30mm long with end caps No
4
91 Adaptor for extension rods No
1
Rubber headed pestle and Porcelain mortar suitable for
92 No
sample reduction 1

Sample extruder, 38mm dia, hand-operated, hydraulic

93 complete with trimming knife, 38mm split former and No
1
cutting tool
Sample extruder for 100mm and 150mm samples
94 No
including frame and hydraulic jack 1
Moulds, core cutter and collar for 100mm dia and 150
mm dia samples for in-situ dry density and CBR
95 No
determinations including driving dolly to fit the core cutter 3
and driving rammer
Melting pot, 4 litre capacity, 50 - 300ºC range suitable for
96 No
melting paraffin wax or capping compound 1
Liquid limit apparatus to ASTM D423-66 with hard rubber
97 base of shore D value 85-95 @ 23ºC, grooving tool and No
1
calibrating plate
98 Ground glass plate, 250mm x 250mm No
1
Shrinkage troughs for bar linear shrinkage tests to SANS
99 3001-GR10, 25mm x 25mm x 150mm long with paint No
2
brush, spatula and dividers with a millimetre scale
Compaction hammer, 4.536 kg, drop 457.2mm, 50.8 mm
100 No
dia. 1
Compaction hammer, 2.495 kg, drop 304.8mm, 50.8 mm
101 No
dia 1
Molds, 152.4 mm dia x 152.4 mm high, with detachable
102 collar and base with a 25.4 mm spacer plate to give an No
2
effective mold depth of 127mm
103 Steel straight edge, 300mm long with a bevelled edge No
1
Moulds, 101.6 mm dia x 116.43 mm high with detachable
104 No
collar and base plate 1
A hydraulic compression testing machine (CBR) with a
capacity of at least 55kN load recordable to the nearest
105 50N and capable of applying load at a rate of strain of No
1
1.27 mm/min, including a metal circular piston of 50 mm
dia and weighing 4.536kg
Moulds, 152.4 mm dia x 152.4 mm high, with detachable
collar and base with a 25.4 mm spacer plate to give an
106 No
effective mould depth of 127mm and perforated soaking 4
base plates
107 Annular 4.536 kg surcharge weights used during soaking No
4
Annular 5.56 kg surcharge weights for use during
108 No
penetration 4
109 1.024 kg perforated plates with adjustable stems No
4
110 A tripod for measuring swell No
2
111 Dial gauge reading 0.01mm with a range of 25mm No
3

Dial gauge or equivalent with 0.127 mm divisions, range

112 No
25 mm and 1.27 mm per revolution 1
113 Filter paper (CBR) in packs of 100 No

2
114 Copper or brass gauze discs of 30 mesh and 170mm dia. No
3
Galvanised iron mixing bath , 450 mm x 650 mm x
115 No
200mm deep 1
116 Soaking bath, 300 mm deep No
1
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, complete with 10 No
117 threaded extension rods, 5 No. spare cones and carrying Set
1
case
118 DCP software package No
1
Sand density device/funnel/bottle with accessories
119 including a density ring with a 152 mm dia hole for ASTM No
1
D1556 or AASHTO T296 T297
120 Sand suitable for calibration LS

1
121 Calibration sieves, 0.425 mm and 0.25 mm Set
1
122 Basin 400 mm dia No
1
Cylindrical calibration container, internal diameter and
123 No
height 152 mm 1
124 Glass plate, 180 mm x 180 mm x 7 mm thick No
1
125 Hammer, 2 kg No
1
126 Chisel, cold steel 25 mm No
1
127 Tablespoons No
2
128 Containers, tins of 5 litre capacity No
2
Particular Specification. Only to be used on approval by
129 No
the Employer -
Aggregate Impact Value Device to BS 812, including
130 No
cylinder and tamping rod 1

Compression machine, hydraulic, capable of applying a

load of 400 kN at a uniform rate so that the load can be
reached in 10 mins suitable for Aggregate Crushing
Value (ACV) and 10% Fine Aggregate Crushing Test
131 (10% No
1
FACT) testing, including an open-ended steel cylinder of
150 mm dia with plunger and base plate, a cylindrical
measure of 155 mm x 180 mm deep and metal tamping
rod 16 mm dia, 500 mm long with a hemispherical end.
Flakiness index gauge of metal 1.6 mm thick having
132 rectangular slots for each size fraction of aggregate to be No
1
tested
133 Average Least Dimension (ALD) Device No
-
134 Los Angeles Abrasion machine including charges No
-
A2 - OFFICES
1. Site Office
The Employer Representative’s Office shall be contained in a single building unit, not
less than 220 m2 in area (excluding the area of the veranda) and shall consist of the
following separate accommodation within the building (minimum internal area indicated
on the main camp):
1 Resident Engineer’s Office 20 m2
2 Assistant Resident Engineer’s Office 12 m2
3 General Office 1 (Pool Office for Key staffs) 50 m2
4 General Office 1 (Pool Office for Support staffs) 50 m2
5 Secretary’s Office 10 m2
6 Conference Room 24 m2
7 Kitchen Unit 18 m2
8 toilets + 1 wash basin 10 m2
9 Storage Room 8 m2
10 Single Man office (2)* 9 m2
TOTAL 220 m2

*The offices are to be provided for the exclusive use of the HIV/AIDS counseling office.
Besides The Contractor shall provide office in area’s not less than 24 m2 in area for the
sole use of the Engineer (Employer’s Representative) on the Sub camp for the duration
of the contract. The minimum internal area, fittings, furniture and equipment required on
the sub Camp for the site office will be indicated below
The minimum internal area of site office on sub camp as indicated below
1 For key Staffs inspecting intermittently 12 m2
2 General office 12 m2
TOTAL 24 m2
Fittings, furniture and equipment required for the office on the sub Camp as indicated
below
Description Number
Desk 1.5m X 1.0 m with lockable drawers and swivel 5

chairs(various Types)
Chairs 5
Steel filing Cabinets 1
Waste Paper Baskets 2
Desktop Computer 2
Computer Printer (A4) 1
2. Furnishings and Equipment
Office building shall be equipped with the fittings, furniture and equipment specified in
the ERA 2013 Standard Specification for Option 1.
In addition to the above listed equipment and furniture, the Contractor shall supply the
following equipment and furniture with equal specification to the item listed above for the
HIV/AIDS alleviation campaign office.

Description Number
Desk 1.5m X 1.0 m with lockable drawers and swivel 2

chairs(various Types)
Chairs 4
Steel filing Cabinets 2
Waste Paper Baskets 2
Portable fans 2
Desktop Computer 1
Computer Printer & stand – Laser (A4) 1
Staple Machine(normal) 2
Paper punch – standard 2
Filing trays 4
A3 - STAFF HOUSING
1. Housing Areas
The Contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintain an air -conditioned housing
accommodation for the sole use of the Engineer (Employer’s Representative) on the
main and Sub camps for the duration of the contract as per all the requirements and
provisions of ERA standard Technical Specification 2013 for option 1 (large scale
project).
The facilities, fittings, furniture and equipment required for the housing accommodation
shall be as specified in the ERA standard Specification 2013 for option 1 (large scale
project). However, for Type D house (mess house) which is built on Sub camp, the
contractor shall provide, furnish, equip and maintains Type D houses for the duration of
the contract as per all the requirements and provisions of ERA standard Technical
Specification 2013 for option 3 (Small scale)
The numbers required on the main and sub camps, amended blocks and area are as
shown below.

I. No House Type Number Remark
1 Type A 7 80m2 for each on main camp

2 Type A 1 80m2 for on Sub camp
3 Type B 2 Block Type B has 2 blocks and each block has
10 rooms (30m2 for each room) on main
camp
4 Type B 4 in No Type B has 4 rooms (30m2 for each

room) on Sub camp
5 Type C 1 Block Block of Type C having 17 rooms with a

total of 204m2
6 Type C 3 in No Type C having 3 rooms with a total of

36m2
7 Type D 1 168 m2 for mess House for main camp
8 Type D 1 116 m2 for mess House for sub camp
House Type
No. Personnel
Type emark
Key Personnel
1 Resident Engineer A
2 Assistant Resident Engineer A
3 Materials / Pavement Engineer A
4 Structural Engineer
5 Geotechnical Engineer * A (guest/int)
6 Highway Engineer
7 Quantity Surveyor A
8 Senior Surveyor A 8Type A, (80M2
9 Claims Expert Block)
10 Environmentalist
A* (guest/int)
11 Hydraulic Engineer
12 Road Safety Audit Specialist
13 RoW Management Specialist B
14 Gender Specialist B
For different personnel
15 A*on Sub Camp
inspecting intermittently
Technicians, Draftsperson,
Secretary

Laboratory Technicians (2 in
1 2B on Main Camp
No)
2 Laboratory Technician 1 B on Sub Camp
3 Secretary B
4 Material Inspectors 2B 11 Type B Room

(30M2 for each
5 Material Inspector B on sub camp room)
6 Structural Inspector B
7 Draftsperson B
8 Inspector of Works (2 in No) 2B on Main Camp
9 Inspector of Work (1 in No) 1 B on Sub Camp

3 Rooms of Type C on main
10 Chainmen on main camp
camp
1 Rooms of Type C on sub
11 Chainman on sub camp 1 Block of Type C
camp
having 17 Rooms
3Rooms of Type C on main
12 Laboratory Assistants and the Block has
camp
204m2 on main
1Rooms of Type C on sub camp and 3
13 Laboratory Assistant
camp rooms having
10 Rooms of Type C on main 36m2 on Sub camp
14 Engineer's Vehicle’s Drivers
camp
1 Room of Type C on sub
15 On Sub Camp
camp
Intermediate Key Staff
1 Intermediate Highway Engineer B
2 Intermediate PME B
Intermediate Structural
3 B
Engineer
4 Intermediate Quantity Surveyor B
9 Type B room
5 Intermediate Claims Expert B
6 Intermediate Environmentalist B
Intermediate Hydraulic
7 B
Engineer
8 Surveyor B on main camp
9 Surveyors B on sub camp

A4 – VEHICLES
“The Contractor shall provide 11 Type B vehicles (Brand New Vehicles) for the sole use of the
Engineer and his staff”
TYPE No.
B 11
Minimum Requirement, Specifications for Vehicle Type B

Technical Specification for Pick up D/Cab 4WD Diesel
Technical Specification of the Buyer
No Parameters Requirements
1 Manufacturing Information
Type of Vehicle 4WD, Double Pick Up
Vehicle Made Shall be indicated
Vehicle Model Shall be indicated
Country of Origin Shall be indicated
Year of Manufacturing 2019 G.C and above
1.1 Vehicle Type Pick Up D/Cab 4WD Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 3200 KG
Kerb Weight Shall be indicated
Seating Capacity 5-6 Persons including Driver
Payload > 1000 Kg
Fuel Type Diesel
Driver 4 WD
1.2 Engine

Make & Model Shall be indicated
Type 4 Cycle Diesel
No of Cylinder 6 IN - Line
Displacement Shall be indicated
Bore X Stroke Shall be indicated
Compression Ratio Shall be indicated
Power Output > 128 HP @3800 RPM (SAE)
Torque Out Put > 28 KGM @2000 - 2500 RPM
Aspiration Shall be indicated
1.3 Fuel System
Fuel Tank
Capacity > 130 Liters
Filling Cap Lockable
Injection Pump Manufacturer's Current Standard
Injectors Manufacturer's Current Standard
Fuel Filters Equipped with Pre Filter
1.4 Lubrication System
Manufacturer's Current Production shall

be accepted
1.5 Cooling System
Medium Water/Coolant is preferable
Circulation Mechanically Pump forced
Radiator Tropical, Heavy Duty
Cooling Fan Manufacturer's Current Standard

Thermostat Tropical Type
Warning Device Audible & Visual
1.6 Air - Intake System
Type Heavy Duty, Dry Type Air Cleaner
High Altitude Compensator Requested from Naturally Aspirated
1.7 Exhaust System
Manufacturer's Current Standard, Capable of Maintaining the Sound and

Pollution Level as Low as Possible
1.8 Electrical System
Battery Type & Capacity Tropical, 12V/60AH @20hr Rating
Alternator Output Shall be indicated
Starter Motor Capacity Shall be indicated
Horns Electrical
Lighting System Manufacturer's Current Standard
Electrically Operated, 3 Speed with

Wind Shield Wipers Electrical Washers
Overload Protection Manufacturer's Current Standard
1.9 Chassis
1.9.1 Power Train
Manufacturer's Current Standard,

(Type, Total Friction Area and
Clutch Torque Capacity Shall be given)
Transmission
Type Manual/Automatic
shifting Mechanism Manufacturer's Current Standard

No of Speeds 5X1
Final Reduction Ratio Shall be indicated
Propeller Shaft Manufacturer's Current Standard
Transfer Case Manufacturer's Current Standard
Axles
Front Capacity Shall be indicated
Rear Capacity Shall be indicated
Manufacturer's Current Product (Fill

Differential in and Drain Plug Shall be Magnetic)
1.9.2 Steering
Left Hand, Power Steering (Tiltable

Type Steering Shall be preferable)
1.9.3 Brakes
Manufacturer's Current Standard

Shall be accepted (Braking
Service Brake Efficiency Shall be indicated)
Manufacturer's Current Product

Hand Lever Operated shall be
accepted (Braking efficiency shall be
Parking Brake indicated)
ABS/EBS Shall be Fitted
1.9.4 Wheels & Tires
All Wheels and Rims Shall be

interchangeable
Tires
Type Tube
Size > 7.00X16 - 8 PR

A Complete Spare Tire with arrier Shall

be Provided
1.9.5 Suspension System
Manufacturer's Current Product,

Heavy Duty, Double Acting
Front and Rear Telescopic Shock Absorbers
Type, Rate of Damping and other

Essential Parameter Shall be given
Stabilizer Bar Shall be Fitted
1.10 Body (Fundamental)
Construction All Steel, Welded
Rain, road Splashes, Dust and

Cargo Body (MM) Sound Proof
Deck Length 1525 MM
Deck Width 1600 MM
Board Height 415 MM
Whell Base > 3180 MM
Ground Clearance > 235 MM
Wheel Tread (F/R) Shall be Given
Approach Departure Angle Shall be given
Door 4 Lockable
Seats Manufacturer's Standard Upholstery
Front Seats Separate and Adjustable
Glass Safety Type
Sun Visors Dual Adjustable
Hand Hold Grips Shall be Provided

Mirrors 2 Exterior, 1 Interior
Instrument Panel Manufacturer’s Current Standard
Bumpers (F& R) Heavy Duty Steel, Construction
Towing Device (F & R) Shall be Fitted
Mud Flaps (F & R) Shall be Provided
FM/AM or SW, 4 Band Radio with

CD Player, Two Speaker and
Audio System Antenna
Shall be Provided for both Driver &

Safety Belts Passenger
Air BAG Shall be Fitted
Air Conditioner Shall be Provided
Foot Rest Shall be provided
Wind Screen Defroster Shall be provided
Frame and Canvas Optional
1.1 Performance Requirements
Turning Radiums (M) < 6.3 M
Gradeability (Tan O) Shall be indicated
Maximum Speed (KM/HR) > 150 KM/HR
Fuel Consumption Shall be indicated
Certified Engine Test Data Shall be given
Certified Breaking Distance at Average

Speed in Meter Shall be given
2 Tools

All Essential Standard Manufacturer's

Tools Shall be Provided with each
Vehicle
3 Others
Grease Gun 1 Each
Jack with Wheel Wrench 1 Each
Fire Extinguisher 1 Each
Cigarette Lighter Required
First Aid Kit Required
Pintle Hooks (F& R) Required
4 Optional Items (Fundamental)
Manufacturer's Optional Items shall be

provided
5 Color
As per the Buyer's Choice
6 Manuals
Owner's Manual 1 Each
Parts Manual 1 Each
Repair Manual 1 Each
7 Field Kit of Spare Parts
The following List for Each Unit shall be

provided. The Quantity and Items should
be strictly followed. Quantity
1 Oil Filter Assembly 3 Each
2 Fuel Filter Assembly 3 Each

3 Air Cleaner Element 3 Each
4 Belts 1 Each
5 Injector Nozzle Assembly 2 Set Each
6 Clutch Disk 1 Each
7 Brake Linings 1 Each
8 Linses (Various) 1 Each
9 fuses (Various) 1 each
10 Bulbs (Various) 1 Set Each
11 Shock Absorbers (F& R) 1 Set Each
12 Hoses (Various) 1 Set Each
13 Wheel Cylinder Kit 1 Set Each
14 Engine Top Overall Gasket 1 Set Each
15 Cable Speedo Meter 1 Each
16 Cable Parking Brake 1 Each
17 Rubber Wiper Blade 1 Each
A5 - SURVEY EQUIPMENT
The below listed items shall be supplied for the project and all items shall be new.
Level Books 100
Field books 100
Total Station with data recorder and recording cards type: LEICA
2
or any other equivalent standard
Level type: LEICA NAK 2 or any other equivalent standard

2
including:
spare batteries 2

rapid charger 1
reflectors with mount 5
triple prism mount with reflectors 2
tripods 4
Leveling staff (5m), foldable 5
Ranging rods (2.5m) joinable, metal 30
Optical square 4
100m steel tape 4
30m linen tape 12
Steel pocket tape (3m). 8
Hammer (2kg) 4
Steel arrows 100
Survey Umbrellas 4
Steel tape repair kit 2
Leica NA2002 Barcode level and barcode staff 2
Measuring wheel 2
Spray paint road marking As required
Fixtuel hammer (4 Kg) 2
Spirit levels for staves 6
Metal pocket rules (5 m) 10
Reflection road safety vests 12
Drawing boards (field book frames A6 size metal or wood with

10
plastic cover)
Walky-talky 4

Upon completion of the project all survey equipment shall become the property of the
Contractor.
A6 - EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
The following equipment will be supplied to the Employer Representative’s Offices, Laboratory
and, for use in case of electrical power failure:
OFFICES:
1 No. paraffin lamp for each room.

4 No. gas heaters
1 No. two ring gas cooker
LABORATORY:
1 No. paraffin lamp for each room.

2 No. gas heaters
The Design-Builder will be responsible for the supply of gas, paraffin and any other items or
work to ensure that this equipment is kept in good working order at all times. The cost for the
supply and maintenance of the equipment shall be deemed to be included in the tendered
amount.
Upon completion of the project all emergency equipment shall become the property of the
Contractor.

Appendix B

B-1 Typical Cross Sections

B-2 Row Marker Posts

Volume II

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume II

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume II

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

KOFELE –KORE - BEKOJI AND ARSI NEGELLE – BILLALO JUNCTION

For Procurement of Works

Procurement Reference No. ________________________

DRAFT BIDDING DOCUMENT

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |i

6.5.6 Geometric Design ................................................................................................................................ 36

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | ii

6.12.3.3 Guide Posts ................................................................................................................................................ 67

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | iii

6.21.17 Road marking..................................................................................................................................... 111

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | iv

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |v

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | vi

HSSE- Health Safety Security and Environment

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | vii

Contracting Entity: Any combination of companies that has, inter-alia, Construction

Deflection is vertical deformation of a pavement under an applied load.

International Roughness Index (IRI): a pavement roughness index computed from a

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |1

Pavement performance is the measure of accumulated service provided by a pavement. Often

Road Surface Profiler (RSP): Equipment Class 1 measuring the IRI.

Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP), also referred to as the Environmental

The words Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) or Environmental and

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |2

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |3

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |4

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |5

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |6

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |7

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |8

Table 6-6: Terrain Classification Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction (Goljota)

Arsi Negele – Bilalo Junction Road Project

Ethiopian Roads Authority Pa g e |9

Kofele Monthly Mean Rainfall

Figure 6-1: Kofele station mean monthly rainfall data

Kofele Mean Monthly Temp

Figure 6-2: Kofele station mean monthly Temperature

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 10

Bokojie Mean Monthly Temp

Figure 6-3: Bokojie station mean monthly rainfall data

Bokojie mean Monthly RF

Figure 6-4: Bokojie station mean monthly Temperature

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 11

Arsi negele Station RF

Figure 6-5:- Arsi Negele station mean monthly rainfall data

25 Mean Monthly Temp

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 12

6.2.1.5 Scope of the Service

Design work Items:

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 13

 Retaining Wall Design

Construction work Items:

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 14

6.2.2 Standards and Design References

 ERA Route Selection Manual (2013)

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 15

6.3 General Requirements

Ethiopian Roads Authority P a g e | 16