‫كوز الصيدلة الصناعية‬ )Powder flow(

1-Shear strength of a powder bed can be determined through Jenike cell. True
2-Cohesion provides a useful method of characterizing the drag forces acting within a
powder bed. True
3-In shear strength determinations, the powder bed is caused to fail in tension by
splitting. False
4-Cohesion occurs between like surfaces. True
5-One reason for producing free-flowing pharmaceutical powders is to promote
capping and lamination. False
 ‫كوز الكيمياء العضوية‬ )Nucleophilic Addition Reactions(
1-What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. 1-nitro-2-propanol
B. 2-propanol
C. 2-hydroxyethanenitrile
D. 2-hydroxypropanenitrile

2-What is the name of the mechanism which describes the following

transformation?

A. Electrophilic substitution reaction

B. Nucleophilic substitution reaction
C. Electrophilic addition reaction
D. Nucleophilic addition reaction

3-Which of the following species is a nucleophile?

A. CN_ , H2O and NH3 are nucleophiles
B. CN_
C. NH3
D. H2O
4-What is the right carbonyl compound which will give you the following product
upon nucleophilic addition reaction?

(d‫( الجواب الصحيح هو أختيار‬

 (MCQs) ‫البايولوجية‬
1-the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an are of
lower concentration is called
a. diffusion
b. endocytosis
c. catalysis
d. active transport
e. osmosis

2-phospholipid molecules in a membrane are arranged with their _ on the

exterior and their _ on the interior
a. hydrophobic heads... hydrophilic tails
b. hydrophilic heads... hydrophobic tails
c. nonpolar heads... polar tails
d. hydrophobic tails... hydrophobic heads
e. hydrophilic tails... hydrophobic heads

3-in osmosis, water always moves toward the ------ solution, that is, toward the
solution with the ------ solute concentration
a. isotonic... greater
b. hypertonic... greater
c. hypertonic... lesser
d. hypotonic...greater
e. hypotonic... lesser

4-diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

a. active transport
b. osmosis
c. exocytosis
d. passive transport
e. facilitated diffusion
5-a plant cell is placed in a solution whose solute concentration is twice as great as
the concentration of the cell cytoplasm. The cell membrane is selectively
permeable, allowing water but not the solutes to pass through. What will happen
to the cell?
a. no change will occur because it is a plant cell
b. the cell will shrivel up because of osmosis
c. the cell will swell because of osmosis
d. the cell will shrivel because of active transport of water
e. the cell will swell because of active transport of water

6-A white blood cell is capable of producing and releasing thousands of antibody
molecules every second. Antibodies are large, complex protein molecules. How
would you expect them to leave the cell?
a. active transport
b. exocytosis
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. passive transport
e. pinocytosis

7-Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a cell membrane
without the help of a transport protein?
a. a large polar molecule
b. a large nonpolar molecule
c. a small polar molecule
d. a small nonpolar molecule
e. any of the above would easily diffuse through the membrane

8-red blood cells shrivel when placed in a 10% sucrose solution. When first
placed in the solution, the solute concentration of the cells is ------ the
concentration of the sucrose solution. After the cells shrivel, their solute
concentration is ------- the concentration of the sucrose solution
a. less than... greater than
b. greater than... less than
c. equal to... equal to
d. less than... equal to
e. greater than... equal to
9-A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large
protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the
cells lining the baby's digestive track via
a. osmosis
b. passive transport
c. exocytosis
d. active transport
e. endocytosis
10-Which of the following is a difference between active transport (AT) and
facilitated diffusion (FD)?
a. AT involves transport proteins, and FD does not
b. FD can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and AT cannot
c. FD requires energy from ATP, and AT does not
d. FD involves transport proteins, and AT does not
e. AT requires energy from ATP, and FD does not

1) For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be _____.

A)  hydrophilic
B)    hydrophobic
C)    amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
D)    exposed on only one surface of the membrane

2)According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids _____.

A)    can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
B)    frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other
C)    occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the
surface of the membrane
D)    have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane

3) Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that
membranes_____.
A)    are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins
B)    are a single layer of phospholipids and proteins
C)    consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids
D)    consist of a mosaic of polysaccharides and proteins
4) An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma
membrane would likely be impaired in which function?
A)    transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient
B)    cell-cell recognition
C)    attaching the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton
D)    establishing a diffusion barrier to charged molecules

5) Which of these are NOT embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid
bilayer at all?
A)    transmembrane proteins
B)    integral proteins
C)    peripheral proteins
D)    All of these are embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer.

6) Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?

A)    The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water.
B)    Lipids and proteins repulse each other in the membrane.
C)    Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane.
D)    There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the
membrane.

7) Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the

most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature?
A)    Since the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly
packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical
B)    Since cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another, the
cell membranes must be asymmetrical.
C)    The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out
different functions.
D)    Proteins only function on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which
results in the membrane's asymmetrical nature.

8)What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

A)    large and hydrophobic
B)    small and hydrophobic
C)    large polar
D)    ionic

9) Which of the following most accurately describes selective permeability?

A)    An input of energy is required for transport.
B)    Lipid-soluble molecules pass through a membrane.
C)    There must be a concentration gradient for molecules to pass through a
membrane.
D)    Only certain molecules can cross a cell membrane.
10) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a
plasma membrane?
A)    It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.
B)    It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.
C)    It works against diffusion.
D)    It has no hydrophobic regions.

11) Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a
plasma membrane most rapidly?
A)    CO2
B)    an amino acid
C)    glucose
D)    K+

12) Which of the following allows water to move much faster across cell
membranes?
A)    the sodium-potassium pump
B)    ATP
C)    peripheral proteins
D)    aquaporins

12) Diffusion _____.
A)    is very rapid over long distances
B)    requires an expenditure of energy by the cell
C)    is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration
D)    requires integral proteins in the cell membrane

13) You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to
work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following
would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the
target cells?
A)    hydrophobicity of the drug molecule
B)    lack of charge on the drug molecule
C)    similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target
cells
D)    lipid composition of the target cells' plasma membrane

14) Which of the following processes includes all others?

A)    osmosis
B)    facilitated diffusion
C)    passive transport
D)    transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient
15) When a cell is in equilibrium with its environment, which of the following
occurs for substances that can diffuse through the cell?
A)There is random movement of substances into and out of the cell.
B)There is directed movement of substances into and out of the cell.
C)There is no movement of substances into and out of the cell.
D)All movement of molecules is directed by active transport.

16) Which of the following is true of osmosis?

A)    Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells.
B)    Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process.
C)    In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute
concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.
D)    In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water
concentration to areas of higher water concentration.

17) A patient was involved a serious accident and lost a large quantity of blood.
In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water—equal to the volume of
blood lost—is added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the
most probable result of this transfusion?
A)    The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become
hypotonic compared to the cells.
B)    The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood
has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
C)    The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become
hypertonic compared to the cells.
D)    The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood has become hypertonic
compared to the cells.

18) Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity
conditions for typical plant and animal cells? The animal cell is in _____.
A)    a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution
B)    an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
C)    a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution
D)    an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution

19)In which of the following would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation?
A)    an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid
B)    a salmon moving from a river into an ocean
C)    a red blood cell surrounded by plasma
D)    a plant being grown hydroponically in a watery mixture of designated nutrients
20) When a plant cell, such as one from a rose stem, is submerged in a very
hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
A)    The cell will burst.
B)    Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
C)    The cell will become flaccid.
D)    The cell will become turgid.

21) A sodium-potassium pump _____.

A)    moves three potassium ions out of a cell and two sodium ions into a cell while
producing an ATP for each cycle
B)    move three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell while
consuming an ATP for each cycle
C)    moves three potassium ions out of a cell and two sodium ions into a cell while
consuming 2 ATP in each cycle
D)    move three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell and
generates an ATP in each cycle

22) Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP?

A)    facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride
channel
B)    movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a
higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
C)    movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a
higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell
D)    movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium

23)The voltage across a membrane is called the _____.

A)    chemical gradient
B)    membrane potential
C)    osmotic potential
D)    electrochemical gradient