9 Quiz MCQ Section: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes? A) Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic. B) Ions are able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head regions of the phospholipids are charged. C) Water is able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are charged. D) Water is unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head regions of the phospholipids are charged.
2. Below is a diagram of a vital structure to the cell.
In the diagram above, which of the following structures is the arrow pointing to? A) Hydrophilic portion of the phospholipid bilayer B) Hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer C) Hydrophilic and hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer D) The extracellular matrix
3. Which of the following best describes how substances move across the plasma membrane? A) Nucleic acids freely move across the plasma membrane. B) Hydrophilic amino acids freely move across the plasma membrane. C) Ions move across the plasma membrane through embedded channel proteins. D) Polar amino acids freely move across the plasma membrane. E) Nonpolar molecules move across the plasma membrane through transmembrane proteins. 4. Which of the following best describes the permeability of the cell wall? A) Only water passes across the cell wall because it is a semipermeable structural boundary. B) Substances cannot pass across the cell wall because it is an impermeable structural boundary. C) Some substances pass across the cell wall because it is a semipermeable structural boundary. D) All substances pass across the cell wall because it is a permeable structural boundary.
5. Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell? A) Attached to the plasma membrane B) Dissolved in the cytosol C) Suspended in the stroma of the chloroplast D) Embedded in the plasma membrane E) Bound to free ribosomes
6. Which of the following statements best explains the processes of passive and active transport? A) Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that requires metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that does not require energy. B) Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy. C) Passive transport is the net movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. D) Passive transport is the net movement of substances up a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances down a concentration gradient that requires energy.
7. A team of biologists develop a new drug, and one team member hypothesizes that the drug is incapable of freely passing across the plasma membrane and requires the help of membrane proteins to enter cells. Alternatively, another biologist on the team hypothesizes that the drug can diffuse passively across the plasma membrane like and can.
Which of the following, if true about the drug, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the new drug will exhibit simple diffusion across plasma membranes? A) The drug is a small nonpolar molecule. B) The drug is a small charged molecule. C) The drug is a large polar molecule. D) The drug is a large charged molecule. E) The drug is a medium-sized polar molecule. 8. Figure 1 below depicts the movement of several ions and molecules across a cell membrane. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is shown.
Figure 1. Ions and molecules moving across a plasma membrane
Which of the following statements accurately describes one of the movements shown in Figure 1? A) Glucose movement into the cell requires ATP hydrolysis. + B) K movement out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis. 2+ C) Ca is transported out of the cell by active transport. D) O2 is transported into the cell by active transport.
9. If ATP hydrolysis is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across a cell membrane would likely also be inhibited? A) Movement of a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. B) Movement of water through aquaporins. C) Facilitated diffusion of ions through membrane channel proteins. D) Passage of glucose across a cell membrane by passive transport. E) Passage of small, nonpolar molecules by simple diffusion. 10. Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A) simple diffusion B) phagocytosis C) active transport pumps D) exocytosis E) facilitated diffusion
11. The diagram below displays four cells in which the percentage of solute concentration in each cell is given.
Which of the following most likely describes the movement of water between the cells? A) Water would move by osmosis from Cell 1 to Cell 2. B) Water would move by osmosis from Cell 2 to Cell 3. C) Water would move by osmosis from Cell 3 to Cell 4. D) Water would move by osmosis from Cell 4 to Cell 1.
12. Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? A) The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution. B) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution. C) The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution. D) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution. E) The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution. 13. A cell biologist proposed a diagram of a cell they are investigating in a research project. The diagram is shown below.
Which of the following most likely describes what the cell biologist had shown in the diagram? A) An animal cell in a hypertonic solution B) An animal cell in a hypotonic solution C) A plant cell in an isotonic solution D) A plant cell in a hypotonic solution E) An unicellular organism in a hypertonic solution.
14. How do large particles, such as proteins and polysaccharides, generally cross the plasma membrane into cells? A) Exocytosis B) Endocytosis C) Cotransport D) Gated channels E) Carrier proteins
15. Which of the following is an example of active transport used by the cell to maintain internal concentrations of small solutes different from concentrations in the environment? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Osmoregulation C) Sodium-potassium pump D) Bulk transport 16. Which diagram below shows the correct order diffusion of solute in water across a membrane?
17. An AP Biology student wants to test diffusion between a red blood cell (RBC) and its external aqueous environment. The student takes a red blood cell and places it into a jar and creates a diagram of the jar and red blood cell. The diagram is shown below.
According to osmosis, which of the following is the area the water will most likely diffuse towards? A) Into the cell. B) Out of the cell. C) The water will be in equal concentrations, inside and outside of the RBC. D) Water will not diffuse to any area. E) The area water will diffuse towards cannot be determined, as there is a lack of information. 18. Which of the following outcomes would likely happen if a red blood cell (RBC) that is cultured in an isotonic medium is placed in distilled water? A) The RBC will remain unchanged. B) The RBC will shrivel. C) The RBC will swell and lyse. D) The RBC will divide. E) The RBC will become dormant.
19. A student positioned a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped duct with two chambers, as shown in the illustration below.
Which of the following accurately describes what is happening in the illustration above? A) Diffusion of sugar from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration B) Osmosis of water from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration C) Osmosis of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration D) Osmosis of sugar from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration
20. In a laboratory experiment, a cell biologist used two containers, each filled with a different solution. Container A contained a 5% salt solution, while Container B contained a 10% salt solution. Both containers were initially separated by a semipermeable membrane. The experiment was allowed to run for several hours. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the movement of water molecules during the experiment? A) Water molecules moved from Container A to Container B. B) Water molecules moved from Container B to Container A. C) Water molecules moved in both directions but were in equilibrium. D) Water molecules did not move due to the semipermeable membrane. 21. A student places a potato cube into a beaker of distilled water, as shown below, for an experiment.
In the student’s report of the experiment he states that the potato cube has a Ψp of 3.5 bar and a Ψs of –6.5 bar. The student also states in his report that: Ψ = Ψp + Ψs
Assuming standard atmospheric pressure, which of the following is true?
A) The potato cube has a water potential of −10.0 bar and the distilled water has a water potential of 0 bar. B) The potato cube has a water potential of −3.0 bar and the distilled water has a water potential of 0 bar. C) The potato cube has a water potential of 0 bar and the distilled water has a water potential of −3.0 bar. D) The potato cube has a water potential of 0 bar and the distilled water has a water potential of −10.0 bar.
