Lecture 7-Break Even Analysis - UQU
Lecture 7-Break Even Analysis - UQU
Lecture 7-Break Even Analysis - UQU
Lecture 7
BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
The Problem
• Proposed project
– Variable cost per Unit = 1 $
– Unit price = 3 $
– Building cost = 1000 $/Month
• When is this project considered acceptable?
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Breakeven Quantity
Profit
Big Quantity
Breakeven Quantity
Small Quantity How can you calculate the Profit?
Loss
3
Breakeven Analysis
• Break even is the point of production where are
firms revenue is equal to the total costs of
production
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Example
• Renting cost = 1000 SR/Month
• Unit cost = 1 SR
• Unit price = 3 SR
Costs
• Total Cost for 1 unit = 1000 + 1*1 = 1001
• Total Cost for 2 units = 1000 + 1*2 = 1002
• Total Cost for 3 units = 1000 + 1*3 = 1003
• Total Cost for Q units = Fixed Cost + Variable cost
• Total Cost for Q units = 1000 + 1*Q
• Total Cost for Q units = Fixed Cost + Variable cost per unit*Q
Example (Cont.)
Revenue
• Total Revenue for 1 unit = 3 * 1 = 3
• Total Revenue for 2 units = 3 * 2 = 6
• Total Revenue for 3 units = 3 * 3 = 9
• Total Revenue for Q units = 3 * Q
• Total Revenue for Q units = Unit Price * Q
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Example (Cont.)
Contribution
• Unit Contribution = 3 ‐ 1 = 2
• Unit Contribution = Unit Price – Unit Cost
• Total Contribution = Unit Contribution * Quantity
• Total Contribution = (Unit Price – Unit Cost ) * Q
Profit
• Total Profit = Total Revenue ‐ Total Cost
Total Revenue = Unit Price * Quantity
Total Cost = Fixed Cost + Variable Cost
Fixed Cost (FC)
Fixed Costs (FC) do not change with volume of production
• Building costs
Costs/Revenue • Minimum labor costs
• Capital recovery of equipment
1000 FC
Output/Sales
8
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Variable Cost (VC)
Variable Costs (VC) change with the volume of production
• Materials costs
Costs/Revenue • Labor costs
• Subcontractor costs
VC
1000 FC
Output/Sales
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Total Cost (TC)
The total costs therefore is the sum of FC+VC
Costs/Revenue TC
VC
1000 FC
Output/Sales
10
10
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Total Revenue (TR)
Total revenue = Unit price * Quantity sold
Costs/Revenue TR TC
VC
1000 FC
Output/Sales
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Total Revenue (TR)
Total revenue = Unit price * Quantity sold
Costs/Revenue TR TC
1000
Output/Sales
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12
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Break‐Even Point
The Break‐even point occurs where total revenue equals total costs
Costs/Revenue TR TC
The Break‐even point
Breakeven Price
1000
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Break‐Even Point
Typically TR are less
than TC at beginning
stages of production
1000
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Breakeven Point
• Total Revenue (TR) = P * Q
• P = unit price
• Total Cost (TC) = FC + VC
• Variable Cost (VC) = v * Q
• v = variable cost per unit
• At breakeven point: TR = TC
• P * QBE = FC + v * QBE
• P * QBE ‐ v * QBE = FC QBE (P – v) = FC
• Breakeven Quantity(QBE ) = FC / (P – v)
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Contribution
• Can calculate contribution per unit or contribution for all
units of output
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Example 1
• Water vending machine: FC = $900 per month per
site, p = 30¢ per gallon, and v = 18¢ per gallon.
Find the Breakeven Quantity?
• Solution
• Must sell 7500 gallons per month per site to just
breakeven Selling more means a profit is realized
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Example 2
• For Example 1, Determine profit at sales of Q =
8,000 gallons/site
Solution:
• Profit = Total Revenue – Total cost
= TR – (FC + VC)
= 0.30*8000‐(900+0.18*8000) = 60 $
Or
• Profit = Contribution – Fixed Cost
= (TR‐VC) – FC = 60$
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Break‐Even Analysis
If the firm chose to set price higher than $2 (say $3) the TR curve would be steeper
Costs/Revenue TR (p = $3) TR (p = $2) TC
VC
FC
Q2 Q1 Output/Sales
20
20
10