MIH Gen & Timeline
MIH Gen & Timeline
MIH Gen & Timeline
• Advent of Europeans
a.
b. Carnatic
d. Marathas
• Maratha Taxes
a. Chauth - 1/4th of land revenue => to avoid Maratha raids (collected in
neighbouring territories, not in Maratha kingdom) => went to Jagirdars
• Nepal
a. Treaty of Sagauli, 1816 - Lord Hastings
b.
• Burma
a. 1st Burma War (1824-26)
▪ Lord Amherst
▪ Treaty of Yandabo, 1826 - Govt of Burma to-
a. Pay ₹1cr as war compensation
b. Abandon claims on Assam, Jaintia, Arakan, Cachar
c. Accept British resident at Ava
d. Recognise Manipur as independent state
e. Negotiate commercial treaty with Britain
b. 2nd War (1852) - British (under Lord Dalhousie) occupied lower Burma
(Pegu)
c. 3rd War (1885) - Upper Burma also annexed (French-Burmese ally) - Lord
Dufferin
c.
• Sikhs
• HRA, 1924
a. By Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, Pratul Ganguly
• Bharat Naujawan Sabha, 1926
a. In Lahore by Bhagat Singh
• HSRA, 1928
a. By Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev
o ABROAD
• Indian Home Rule Society , 1905
a. India House, London
i. Madanlal Dhingra assasinated Curzon Wylie in 1909
b. By Shyamji Krishna Verma in London
c. Paris Indian Society - branch in Paris
i. Formed by Madam Bhikaji Cama in 1905
ii. Hoisted tricolor flag in International Socialitst Congress in
Stuttgart, 1907
• Indian Independence League, 1907
• Revolutionary Cases
• GANDHI
o South Africa
i. Natal Indian Congress, 1894
ii. Passive Resistance Org, 1906
iii. Indian Opinion paper => Hind Swaraj, 1909
iv. Phoenix Farm and Tolstoy Farm
a. Champaran Satyagraha, 1917
i. By Gandhi (+ Rajendra Prasad, Mazharul-Haq, JB Kriplani, Narhari
Parekh)
ii. First civil disobedience of India
iii. Against Tinkathia System
iv. 25% of money taken was compensated
b. Ahmedabad Mill Strike, 1918
i. Anusuya Sarabhai
ii. First hunger strike
iii. Reasons-
i. Mill workers demand for 50% wage hike
ii. Withdrawal of Plague bonus
iv. Consequences -
i. Wages increased by 35%
ii. Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association, 1920
c. Kheda Satyagraha, 1918-19
i. Drought in 1918 => crops failed in Kheda, Gujarat
ii. Gandhi and Patel => asked farmers not to pay taxes
iii. First Non Cooperation
iv. Consequence -
i. Tax for 1919, 1920 -> suspended
o Founded by Gandhi
a. Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, 1918
b. Harijan Sevak Sangha, 1932
c. All India Anti-Untouchability League, 1932
d. Passive Resistance Association, 1906
b.
c.
• Business Organisations
a. Indian Merchants' Chamber, 1907
i. Set up in the wake of Swadeshi Movt to represent Indian
Businesses
b. Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India (ASSOCHAM),
1920
i. Inaugrated by Lord Chelmsford
c. FICCI, 1927
i. Estd in 1927 on advice of Gandhi by GD Birla & Purshottam
Thakurdas=> recognised by British govt + Indian public in gen
ii. Representing overall Capitalist class
iii. Effectively intervened in politics also
d. Bombay Plan, 1944-45
i. 8 capitalists of India after WW2, came up with plan to improve
economy of country
ii. Advocated state to play imp role in economy through planning,
controlling and overseeing
iii. Rapid industrialisation and emphasis on heavy capital goods and
basic industries
iv. Significance of social services & Reforms-
i. Education
ii. Land Reform
iii. Cooperatives in finance, marketing, production
• Irwin Declaration, 1929 - clarify that intention of British govt was to facilitate
India attaining Dominion status in future - aka Diwali Declaration
a. Gave NO time limit
• Communal Award
• Poona Pact
c. Third, 1932
▪ Congress, Gandhi boycott
▪ Committee for GOI 1935
c.
• Lottery Committee - funds for town planning were raised through public
lotteries
viii.
c. Plan was initially accepted by Muslim League and INC both => later
Congress opposed grouping of provinces on basis of religion
92. Atlee's Statement, 1947
a. Feb 20, 1947
b. Deadline fixed of June 30, 1948 for transfer of power
93. Mountbatten Plan, 1947
a. June 3, 1947
b. Initially Dickie Bird Plan - provinces be declared independent successor
states and then be allowed whether to join constituent assembly or not
=> Nehru opposed this plan => said it would lead to "Balkanisation of
India"
c. Then Mountbatten came up with another plan called "June 3 Plan" : aka
Mountabtten Plan - for both countries =>
i. Partition (1st time mentioned)
i. 2 Dominions
ii. 2 Consti Assemblies