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    8th Standard History

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    Sumit Yadav
    The document provides details about the history of British rule in India from the 18th century onwards. It summarizes key events like the first British factory being set up in Bengal in 1651, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which established British military supremacy, and figures like Warren Hastings, Dalhousie, and Mountbatten who were important governors-general. It also discusses policies introduced by the British like the Permanent Settlement, Doctrine of Lapse, and systems of land revenue collection across different regions of India.

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    8th Standard History

    Uploaded by

    Sumit Yadav
    56 views4 pages
    The document provides details about the history of British rule in India from the 18th century onwards. It summarizes key events like the first British factory being set up in Bengal in 1651, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which established British military supremacy, and figures like Warren Hastings, Dalhousie, and Mountbatten who were important governors-general. It also discusses policies introduced by the British like the Permanent Settlement, Doctrine of Lapse, and systems of land revenue collection across different regions of India.

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    The document provides details about the history of British rule in India from the 18th century onwards. It summarizes key events like the first British factory being set up in Bengal in 1651, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which established British military supremacy, and figures like Warren Hastings, Dalhousie, and Mountbatten who were important governors-general. It also discusses policies introduced by the British like the Permanent Settlement, Doctrine of Lapse, and systems of land revenue collection across different regions of India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    56 views4 pages

    8th Standard History

    Uploaded by

    Sumit Yadav
    The document provides details about the history of British rule in India from the 18th century onwards. It summarizes key events like the first British factory being set up in Bengal in 1651, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which established British military supremacy, and figures like Warren Hastings, Dalhousie, and Mountbatten who were important governors-general. It also discusses policies introduced by the British like the Permanent Settlement, Doctrine of Lapse, and systems of land revenue collection across different regions of India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    8TH STANDARD HISTORY

     First Indian Map was Made by a British captain named James Rennel in 1782
     First Governor General of India was Warren Hastings 1773
     Last Viceroy of India was Lord Mountbatten
     1817 –“ A History of British India “by James Mills a Scottish Economist and Political Philosopher
    he divided the Indian History into Hindu, Muslims, and The British
     The National Archives of India came in the year 1920
    From Trade to Territory
     Bahadur Shah and his Sons were Captured by Captain Hudson in 1857
     Vasco Da Gama the Portuguese Explorer Discovered the Route to India in 1498
     The First British Factory was set up in the Banks of River Hugli in 1651
     In 1696 the British started making forts around the factory
     Alivardi Khan Died in 1756 Siraj-ud-daulah became the Nawab of Bengal
     When the Nawab of Bengal actions led to the fall of British control in Calcutta the Company
    officials sent troops under the command of Sir Robert Clive in 1757 against Siraj-Ud-Daulah in
    Plassey which is also called now as Battle of Plassey.
     The Nawab lost because the commander who was leading its armies Mir Jafar didn’t fight as he
    had an agreement with Robert Clive that he’ll be the Nawab after the defeat. Hence, this prove
    out to be a huge win for British in India
     When Mir Jafar Protested they made Mir Qasim the Nawab in his place
     When Mir Qasim Protested he too was defeated in the Battle of Buxar in 1764 and Reinstalled
    Mir Jafar, he died in 1765
     Robert Clive came to India in Madras in 1743 at the age of 18. In 1767 he left India with a
    fortune of 401,102 Pounds. He was Appointed Governor of Bengal in 1764 he was cross
    examined of corruption although he was acquitted later he died of suicide in 1774
     Richard Wellesley the Governor General of India (1798-1805) took half the territory from the
    Nawab of Awadh in 1801 as he wasn’t able to pay the company Subsidiary. Similar
    circumstances were forced upon Hyderabad
     Haidar Ali (1761-82) Tipu Sultan (1782-99)
     In 1785 Tipu Sultan disallowed the Export of Sandalwood, Pepper, and cardamom from the
    Malabar Coast and even restricted its traders to trade with the Company with the help of the
    French he even modernized his army. The British being furious attacked Haidar and Tipu in a
    series of war against Mysore (1767-69, 1780-84, 1790-92, and 1799) The British Lost initially but
    finally in 1799 in the Battle of Seringapatam Mysore was placed under the Dynasty of Wodeyars
    and a subsidiary alliance was imposed on the state
     The Marathas lost in the 3rd battle of Panipat in 1761 which shattered their dream of Ruling
    from Delhi
     Nana Phadnis and Mahadji Sindia were two famous army men and statesmen during the 18th
    century
     Marathas were subdued in a series of War against British starting with the battle with lead to
    the treaty of salbai. The second Maratha Anglo war 1803-05 fought in different fronts led to the
    British hold of Orissa, Delhi and Agra. Finally In the 3rd Maratha- Anglo war 1817-19 crushed the
    Marathas. The Peshwa now was removed and sent with a pension to bithoor in Kanpur
     Lord Warren Hasting Governor General of India from 1813-23
     When the British Started annexing the small state of kitoor (Karnataka) Rani Chinamma took to
    arms and led an anti British campaign but she was arrested in the year 1824 and she died in
    prison in 1829. But Rayanna a poor chowkidar of sangoli in Kitoor he carried on the resistance
    and destroyed many British camps and records. He was caught and hanged by the British in
    1830
     In 1830 The British became worried about Russia
     They fought with Afghanistan between 1838-42 and establish indirect company rule over their
     Sind was taken by British in 1843
     The British wanted to conquer Punjab but they couldn’t succeed due to the presence of
    Maharaja Ranjeet Singh
     After the death of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1843 and two prolong wars later Punjab was in
    hands of British in 1849
     Lord Dalhousie 1846-56
     He devised a Doctrine later to be known as Doctrine of Lapse
     This Doctrine said that if a particular kingdom doesn’t have a male heir his kingdom would lapse
     Applying this doctrine a number of Kingdoms were lapsed. Satara 1848, Sambalpur 1850,
    Udaipur 1852, Nagpur 1853, Jhansi 1854, Awadh 1856
     When the British Annexed the Nawab of Awadh in 1856 by giving a reason they wanted to
    protect the people of Awadh as from the Misgovernment by The Nawab This led to a great
    Revolt in 1857
     During Warren Hastings’s reign as the Governor General the British not only Acquired Bengal
    but also Spread their Rule until Bombay and Madras
     In 1772 a new system of justice was established this consist of
    1) Civil Court (Diwani Adalat)
    2) Criminal Court (Faujdari Adalat)
     Warren Hasting when reached England he was Accused of Misgovernence in Bengal by Edmund
    Burke in 1785 Which last for 7 years
     1775 a group of 11 Pandit’s compiled a Digest of laws for Hindu’s. N B Halhed Translated this
    into English
     1778 a code of Muslim Law was translated
     Under the Regulating act of 1773 a new Supreme Court was established while a court of appeal,
    Sadar Nizamat Adalat was setup in Calcutt

    Slave Trade in South Africa


     The Dutch reached South Africa in the 17th Century and soon they started chaining and selling
    slaves in the market
     Slavery end in 1834 there were 36,774 Slaves in the Cape the Southern tip of africa
    Ruling the Country Side
     Robert Clive became the Diwan of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa ion 12th August 1765
     1770 a terrible famine killed 10 million people in Bengal
     Company Introduced permanent settlement in 1793
     Mahalwari System – A kind of tax levied on the on the village people on land after accounting
    their social, cultural background which wasn’t fixed unlike the permanent settle in 1793 but was
    to be changed periodically. The tax was given to the Village headman
     The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822
     Thomas Munro Governor General of Madras 1819-26
     A new system was initiated in the south called Ryotwari this was a pilot initiative which initiated
    in the southern regions which were captured from Tipu Sultan by Alexander Read. Subsequently
    developed by Thomas Munro this system was later on initiated all over southern India
     In march 1859 around 1000 Ryot’s Disagreed to Cultivate Indigo’s
     Mahatma Gandhi’s visit from South Africa to India his Movement Against Blue Indigo Cultivation
    Started from Champaran in 1917 when a farmer persuaded him and told him the story of misery
     Nij – Cultivators mostly comprising of British and Scottish Ancestor who rented huge farm of
    lands to Cultivate Blue Indigo as it made huge profit
     Ryots – Famers hired by the Zamindars to cultivate Land
     Ryoti system was a system in which cultivators of ryoti were forced to sign an agreement called
    satta and were given loan at a cheaper interest rate to grow indigo.

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