DU, OLLC Bu’uraalee ogumaa

3.4. Doo’ii (Diraamaa)

3.4.1. Hiikkaawwan Doo’ii

Doo’iin gooroowwan asoosama keessaa isa tokko. Haala itti fayyadama gochaatiin diraamaan
asoosama dheeraa caalaa gara asoosama gabaabaatti dhiyaata. Barreessitoonni tokko tokko
asoosama gabaabaa diraamaatti jijjiiruun salphaadha jedhu. Sababnis hariiroon isaan waliin
qaban walitti dhiyoo waan ta’eefi. Diraamaan asoosama dhangala’aa dheeraa caalaa hawaasatti
dhiyeenya qaba. Diraamaa unkaalee waliin dubbiin, ofiin dubbiin, ykn ammoo unkaa hololootii
(dhangala’aatiin) qophaa’ee waltajjii irratti taatotaan gochaafi jechaan waan dhiyaatuuf qaamota
miiraa keenya heddaa hirmaachisa. Diraamaa keessatti akka asoosama gabaabaa seenaan
jireenya taatotaa kan himamu osoo yoomessan ijaan muldhatuun deeggaramee gochaafi jechaan
taatichumaan kallattiin kan raawwatamuudha.

Doo’iin akkuma ogbarruuwwan biroo jiruufi jireenya hawaasaa agarsiisa. Kanaafuu, diraamaan
barreessaa diraamaa dhaamasa jamaaf dabarsuu barbaade tokko erga barreeffamaan qopheesseen
booda bifa waliin dubbii ykn ofiin dubbiitiin qopheessa taatota itti uumee shaakalaan booda
daayireektera diraamaatiin waltajjiirratti, raadiiyoon ykn Televizhiiniin dhiyaata.

Guuboon jechoota Webister doo’ii akka armaan gadiitti hiika.

Drama is a composition in prose or verse Presenting in dialogue a story of life character

especially one intended to be acted on the stage, a play the branch of literature having
such composition as its subject, dramatic art or representation, any series of events
having dramatic interest and leading up to a climax.

Akka ibsa kanaatti diraamaan tooftaalee waliin dubbii taatoota gidduutti bifa walaloo ykn
hololootiin qophaa’u ta’ee artii waltajjiirratti dhiyaatuudha. Diraamaan barreessa diraamaatiin
yoomessa filatame dhiphaarratti haala jiruufi jireenyaa gochaan waan agarsiisuuf miira keenyaaf
dafee dhaqqabuun isaa adda isa taasisa.

Drama is a piece of writing performed by actors in a theater, television or radio. It ought to be a

just and likely image of human nature, reproducing the passions and humors and the change of
fortune to which it is subjected for the delight and instructions of mankind.

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DU, OLLC Bu’uraalee ogumaa

It refers to the imitation of complete actions adapted to the sympathetic attention of man,
developed in a succession of continuously related incidents acted and expressed by means of
speech and the symbol actualities and conditions of life. If a drama does not use/employ words
instead it only uses gestures, it is now called a pantomime

3.4.2. Amaloota Doo’ii

1) Doo’iin waltajjii irratti dhiyaachuuf qophaa’a (Drama is meant to be acted on stage).
2) Action is involved in drama.
3) Drama is written in Acts and Scenes.
4) Drama is watched by audience.
3.4.3. Faayidaalee Doo’ii

1) Drama encourages kids to work collaboratively. They take part in activities where they
must rely on each other and learn to trust.
2) Drama is a wonderful way for children to interact with, and interpret literature, or text
of any sort. They get opportunities to analyze how a character’s personality, motives and
actions influence plot. This can be as simple as understanding and portraying the fear that
a piggy feels when confronted by a wolf. Some kids who think they don’t like books will
find their way to reading by dramatizing a story or poem.
3) Drama develops communication skills. Kids learn how to use their face, voice and
body movements to get a message across to any audience, whether it be at a job
interview, on stage, or with a group of friends.
4) Drama allows kids to practice many of the higher order thinking skills in a playful
context. They must think critically, apply knowledge to new situations, analyze, solve
problems, make decisions, and collaborate – all skills that will benefit not just their
reading and writing, but every core subject at school.
5) Drama prepares kids for real life. In our rush to have children acquire academic
learning, we often forget their personal and social development. The emphasis in drama
is on being a team member and working collaboratively rather than hogging the limelight
for yourself. Kids are expected to be active, reflective, flexible, responsible and
responsive – all skills that will benefit them in every facet of their lives.

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DU, OLLC Bu’uraalee ogumaa

6) Drama gives kids an outlet for their creativity. Not every child can wild a paintbrush
to their own satisfaction or play an instrument like a virtuoso. Drama is a level playing
field. I have seen so many children blossom in drama classes.
7) Drama encourages self-discipline. It might look and sound messy and noisy but it isn’t
mayhem. It’s not about putting yourself first. It’s about working as a group.
viii. Drama gives us a way to gain understanding of others. We learn tolerance by
walking a mile in another’s shoes, and drama is a way to do that.

3.4.4. Caaccuuwwan Doo’ii ) Elements Of Drama/Play)

a) Setting; this refers to the place where the literary work is set and time referring to the
story. Normally, the setting is real or imaginative in nature.
b) Characterization/dramatic personage: is a process of choosing characters/actors/actress
and shape them to represent and portray the intended message. On the other hand, this is
the author’s means of conveying to the reader a character’s personality, life history,
values, physical attributes, etc. Also refers directly to a description thereof.
c) Plot: this is the arrangement (organization) or series of events/incidents in a narrative or
play/drama. It is a superstructure of literary work specifically a novel or drama/play.
Plot is the interplay and sequence of events in a story artistically arranged so that the
author may attain a specific aesthetic or artistic impact. It can be arranged
chronologically or achronologically depending on the author’s interest.
d) Audience: these are the people who receive the desired message through listening,
reading, observing or watching a drama/play.
e) Diction: this is the choice and use of words in a literary work.
f) Style/technique: refers to the way on how a literary work is structured/presented by the
author/playwright.
g) Theme: The main idea or message conveyed by the piece of writing. A theme is
generally stated as a complete sentence; an idea expressed as a single word or
fragmentary phrase is called a motif.
h) Motif: A recurring important idea or image. A motif differs from a theme in that it can be
expressed as a single word or fragmentary phrase, while a theme usually must be
expressed as a complete sentence.

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DU, OLLC Bu’uraalee ogumaa

Differences between Drama and Play

1. Drama uses physical setting but play is shaped by words

2. Drama uses actual actions as acted while play uses words to shape actions
3. Drama has many audience than play as it involves illiterate and literate people in the
society
4. Drama started before play
5. The story is easier grasped in drama than in play
6. Drama is in spoken while play is always in written language
7. Drama uses real characters while play uses imaginary characters shaped by words.

3.4.5. Gosoota Doo’ii (Types Of Play/Drama)

Gosi ogbarruu asoosamaa kun barreeffama hurruubummaa (Performing script) erga qophaa’een
booda bifa waliin dubbiitiin waltajjiirratti dhiyaata. Barreeffamni diraamaa haala gochaafi
sochiif tolutti karoorfamee dhiyaata. Do’iin gosoota afuritti kan qoodamu yommuu ta’u,
Isaanis:-tiraajeedii, komedii, tiraajookomediifi melodiraamaa jedhamu.

Garaagarumman isaanii faayidaa ittiin oolanuufi dhimmoota ijoo qabatanii ka’anirratti hundaa’a.
Diraamaa aadaa (ritual drama) immoo, aadaa, seenaa, duudhaa hawaasaa irratti hundaa’ uun
hawaasan kan hurruubamuudha. Labata tokkorraa gara labata biraatti daddarbaa kan deemu
yeroo ta’u, abbummaan isaa hawaasa. Guutummaa addunyaa keessatti hawaasa adda addaa
biratti diraamaan aadaa beekamaadha

Fiilmiis akkuma doo’ii iskiriiptii kan barreeffamu yoo ta’u, garaagarummaan isaanii baay’innaan
yoomessa irratti. Filmiin baay’innaan yoomessa dhugaa addunyaa; isa dirreerrati bu’aa ba’ii jiru
fayyadama. Gama biraatiin, teknoolojiifi ogummaa addaa barbaada.

Hojiin fiilmii argaayaada ykn seenaa dhugoomarratti hunda’hhn eegala. Barreessan seenaa gara
barreeffamaati ykn iskiriiptiitti jijjiira. Erga irra deddeebi’ee barreefamee sirra’een booda ibsituu
waliin dubbiifi sochii agarsiisanu itti taasifamu. Iskiriiptiin kun teeknikoota akka kallattii
kaameraafi ce’umsa agarsiisaan ofkeessatti qabata.

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DU, OLLC Bu’uraalee ogumaa

1) Tiraajeedii (Tragedy):

It is a type of drama that involves seriousness of actions/issues and leads the hero of the drama to
endanger his life or ending to death or isolation. E.g. “An enemy of the people” and “Death of a
salesman”

2) Komeedii (Comedy):

It is a kind of drama which uses humorous/funny actions that can make people laugh. It is
normally characterized by mistaken identity as well as happy ending.

3) Tiraajoo Koomeedii (Tragicomedy):

It is the combination of both seriousness and humor but never the hero to die even when he is
faced with dangerous situations.

4) Meeloo Diraamaa (Melo Drama):

This involves excitement of actions very exaggerated and musical sounds, elements in the play
for entertainment.

Doo’ii (Diraamaa) 5 Yusuf Hussen ([email protected])