LESSON 14

MUSICAL CONTENT ON FORM AND DYNAMICS

ASSESS: Determining Forms

1. Is the song "Paruparong Bukid" in binary or tertiary form? Why?

Paruparong Bukid is in a binary form as it is characterized by two complementary, related

sections of more or less equal duration which usually repeated. We sang it repeatedly with
same tone.

2. Is the song "Silent Night" strophic or not? Why?

The song "Silent Night" is strophic because it uses the same melody repeated over and over,
with different text for each repetition. In the refrain, the same text is sung to the same melody for
each repetition.

3. Is the song "Happy Birthday" strophic or unitary? Why?

It is unitary because unitary songs are the songs that contain only one verse which the song
"Happy Birthday" has. This song has the same melody throughout the entirety of the song.

4. Is the song "Bahay Kubo" strophic or unitary? Why?

"Bahay Kubo" is unitary also known as verse-repeating form or chorus form as it has “AAA song
form”, or “one-part song form”. Thing song is easily passed on from generation to generation
because it is easy to memorize thanks to its repetitive melody and rhythm.

CHALLENGE: Extra Examples

1. Give another example of a song or piece in rondo form.

Title: Rondo alla Turca

Composer: W.A. Mozart

 2. Give another example of a song or piece in strophic form.

Title: Oh! Susanna

Composer: Stephen Foster

HARNESS: Identifying Phrases

 The first phrase is "Should auld acquaintance be forgot and never brought to mind?" and
the second phrase is "Should auld acquaintance be forgot and days o'auld lang syne".
 The first phrase is the antecedent while the second phrase is the consequent.

LESSON 15

ON TEACHING FORM AND DYNAMICS

EXPERIENCE: Conducting with Dynamics

Title of Song: Lupang Hinirang

Time Signature: In the original version, it’s 2/4 but in 1920’s it was changed since 2/4 is too fast
to be sung. Till then lupang hinirang is given a time signature of 4/4.

ASSESS: Evaluations

Palm Movements Bigger/smaller

 Simple conducting Gestures
Palm of ASSESS:
the hand is
facing upward and lifting gestures
it indicates a gradual  Kind of language used by the Leaning forward and
increase in volume, conductor or musicians bigger hand gestures
while putting the palm  A pattern in which the dominant simultaneously indicate a
facing downward and hand follows in order to crescendo and moving
lowering it signifies a establish beats and tempo backward and smaller
gradual decrease hand gestures indicate a
in volume. decrescendo
 In my opinion, bigger and/or smaller gestures are more effective because these reflects
the specific indications in scoring, setting the tempo, ensuring correct entries by ensemble
members, and "shape" the phrasing appropriately.

CHALLENGE: Identifying Phrases

1. What are the lyrics of the first phrase? How many measures is the first phrase?

The lyrics of the first phrase are "Dandansoy iiwan ko ikaw, Babalik ako sa Payaw" and there
are 8 measures.

2. What are the lyrics of the second phrase? How many measures is the second phrase?

The lyrics of the second phrase are "kung ibig mo akong matanaw, ay doon mo ako paruhan"
and there are 8 measures as well.

3. What are the lyrics of the third phrase?

"kung sakaling ika'y maglakbay at dalawin mo ang Panay"

4. What are the lyrics of the fourth phrase?

"kung sa kaling ika'y mauna, hukayin ang tubig sa daan"

5. Which phrases are antecedent? Which phrases are consequent?

The first and third phrases are the antecedent while the second and fourth phrases are the
consequent.

6. Is the song binary or ternary form?

The song Dandansoy is in binary form as it has two large sections.

HARNESS: Categorizing Instruments

LOUD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS SOFT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

1. Trombone 1. Piano

2. Drum 2. Guitar

3. Trumpet 3. Flute

4. Oboe 4. Ukulele

5. French Horn 5. Violin

CHAPTER 3

STRATEGIES AND SUGGESTIONS

LESSON 16

Listening, Analyzing, and Describing Music

ASSESS: Analyzing and Describing

1. What do you think do the lyrics mean? What is it trying to express?

The song is basically a rhyme when playing a game of “tag”. Filipino children use this to
determine who is “It.” This can also be a game played between two people. One person holds
out their palm and sings the rhyme while the other person taps their finger on the first person’s
palm on each syllable. At the end of the song, the first person tries to close their hand to catch
the other person’s finger. The person whose finger is caught is “It” and takes a turn putting out
their palm for the next time.
 But apparently, this rhyming song was once used to mock Spanish authorities who
threateningly used swords to enforce Christianity in Filipinos. Kutsilyo means knife, batutin is
stinky, almasen means warehouse and ginto't pilak is gold and silver. The verses don't make
much sense for me but the words rhyme and are fun to recite. This song is the counterpart of
the English counting rhyme "Eeny, meeny, miny, moe."

2. What is the character or mood of the piece? Does it sound written in a major or in a
minor key?

The mood or character of the song is something happy, cheerful, exciting and fun.
Generally speaking, faster tempos are connected with songs that have high energy which the
song pen pen de sarapen has. Even if the song has no definite meaning behind it, it can still
make us feel happy when listening to it. Based on my observation in the song pen pen de
sarapen, it sounds written in a minor key

3. What is the meter of the song, triple or duple?

The meter of the song is duple.

4. What region of the Philippines do you think does this song come from?

I think this song came from Region 3 in the Philippines.

5. Were there any instruments used to accompany the singing?

Yes, there were instruments used to accompany the song. Penpen and Sanglay are well
known for their musical style that integrates the sounds of Filipino indigenous instruments with
modern pop music. Sanglay's professional music career started when Vicor Records released
his song "PEN-PEN DE SARAPEN" in 1978.

Most of the Filipino indigenous instruments Sanglay is known for using in his live
performances are: "Sagaypo", "Tonggatong", "Gangsa", "Gabbang", "Kubing", "Balimbing",
"Maraak", "Tambur", "Patting" or the bamboo guitar of the Cordillerans and the carabao horn
"Tambuli", stones, frog sounds, rain stick and birds caller. Sanglay and his band "Bagong
Penpen" also uses modern, Asian and Vedic instruments in his music, such as the electric
guitar, bass guitar, flute, congga, djembe, sitar, tabla, mridangga, harp, violin, marimba,
Chinese gong, Udu drums, Doumbek, keyboard synthesizer and drums.

CHALLENGE: Brainstorming

Work with a partner and development activity using listening, analyzing, and describing music
for the concepts written below:

a. Different rondalla instruments

EXPERIENCE: Listening

Research and listen to the brass and woodwind instruments. Observe carefully.

ASSESS: Analyzing and Describing

Based on the recording you listened to, create a Venn Diagram showing the difference
between brass and woodwind instruments and their similarities. Be ready to share, compare,
and discuss your answers to the class.
LESSON 17

Reading, Writing, and Performing

ASSESS: Substituting Symbols

Develop your own set of simple, alternative symbols or gestures that you can use for variant
children to represent the following concept.

1. Whole Note - 4. Whole Rest -

5. Half Rest -
2. Half Note -

3. Quarter Note -
CHALLENGE: Expanding Knowledge

Research on the following terms and make a short summary on what you have learned about
them.

1. Solfeggio (Solfege)

Solfege, also called “solfeggio” or “solfa,” is a system where every note of a scale is
given its own unique syllable, which is used to sing that note every time it appears. A major or a
minor scale (the most common scales in Western classical music) has seven notes, and so the
solfege system has seven basic syllables: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and ti. As The Sound of Music
hints at, solfeggio or solfege is a method of naming pitches. It works by assigning a syllable to
each note of the musical scale. So rather than naming a C major scale as C D E F G A B C, we
can name it as do re mi fa sol la ti do. This syllabic approach carries a great advantage, since
the syllables are easier to sing than the letters. Best of all, solfege works for any scale and key
you can think of, not just the major scale. With some little adjustments, we can use it to recall
melodies based in minor and non-traditional scales, too.

Solfeggio was brought back into prominence as researchers and educators discovered
the brain’s ability to connect more easily with pitch relationships when a syllable was attached. It
is crucial to associate a placement of tone before ever identifying its note name on the staff.
Since solfège gives a name to each note of the scale, children can learn the sound ‘MI-SO’ by
singing it without having to think about a written note. Solfege provides a framework for
melodies by establishing recognizable relationships between pitches, and training your ear to
hear patterns. It is an excellent system for learning the architecture behind music, and is a
fundamental concept of ear training.

2. Neumatic Notation

Around the 9th century, neumes began to become shorthand mnemonic aids for the
proper melodic recitation of chant. A prevalent view is that neumatic notation was first
developed in the Eastern Roman Empire. Neume, in musical notation, a sign for one or a group
of successive musical pitches, predecessor of modern musical notes. Neumes placed on the
staff showed exact pitch, allowing a singer to read an unfamiliar melody. Even within western
Europe, differing systems of neumes were used in different geographical regions. Most neume
notation is used to set music to an existing text. The syllable is the fundamental unit of structure,
with the neumes themselves serving as a means of “sonifying” the text. A syllable may be
expressed via one or more neumes, with the particular neume shape chosen depending on the
pitch contour that is being employed and the desired interpretation. For example, two pitches in
rising succession might be encoded as a “podatus” (sometimes also called a “pes”), or it might
be encoded as two separate punctums, depending on whether it should be sung smoothly
connected or with a slight amount of space between the notes.

Neume notation existed before the invention of the staff. Staffless neume notation
(“adiastemtic”, “cheironomic” or “in campo aperto”) existed primarily as a mnemonic device,
reminding performers of the contour of the melody but lacking any absolute pitch information.
These neumes were written above the text. With the invention of the staff lines and the clef,
“heightened” or “diastematic” neume notation could be used to provide exact interval
information. In some cases, the staff lines are not actually drawn on the page, but their position
relative to an imaginary line and initial clef is consistent.

HARNESS: Buzz Group

MUSICAL TOPICS STRATEGIES APPLICATION

Reading Using flashcards with pictures of

the different percussion
instruments

Writing Writing and describing

PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS characteristics of the different
percussion instruments

Performing Having students perform at least

one of the percussion
instruments in front of the class.
This also builds the students’
self-esteem and confidence in
showing their talents and
 capabilities.

Reading Reading a single melodic line of

music with homophonic texture

Writing Composing short, original tunes

or melodies with homophonic
HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE texture

Performing Have students perform in groups

with their own composition in
front of the class. This build
cooperation and camaraderie
among students.