STEM ALL Sciences LO's 2019

Biology Grade 1
Cell Biology (2019)
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 BI.1.01 - Analyze the factors of diseases eradication: 1) Explain the factors of...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 01
Comment(s): Studying diseases in this learning outcome is considered an introduction, This
Learning Outcome is the thread which ties the unit together. It begins by discussing the
importance of disease. In order to understand disease and disease interventions students need
to know about the healthy cell - its structures, how they function normally and how they are
changed by disease. Students return to this LO after studying the whole unit. In WEEK14 they
design possible interventions for a disease prevalent in Egypt. They present their work to the
class, arguing from evidence about the justification of their interventions and benefit versus trade-
offs involved.
Learning Outcome: Analyze the factors of diseases eradication: 1) Explain the factors of
spreading, controlling and transmitting of each disease; 2) Classify disease as infectious or non-
infectious; 3) Study Malaria and sickle cell anemia; 4) Explain how the disease affects cells.
Key Concepts:
 1. Cell theory and disease.

 a. Infectious or noninfectious and factors
 b. Vectors
 c. Non-infectious factors
 2. Relation between diseases and economic development
 3. Case study: Malaria (from SEPUP only)
Skills: 1. Describe trends and relationships in data. 2. Develop and support conclusions based on
evidence. 3. Use the microscope to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cells.
Essential Questions: What threatens life?
Textbook and Resource Materials:
1- SEPUP Book, unit 3 Cell Biology Activity 2 teacher SEPUP page 259: 271 student SEPUP
161: 170 Links: 1-http://www.cdc.gov/
Evidence of Learning: 1. Students use sheets of SEPUP that are mentioned in the Activity
Teacher Guide unit 3 - Act 02 - SS2.1 2. Students create a poster about the diseases 3. Exit
tickets
Capstone Connection: The student should to take into consideration what makes an environment
healthy during their capstone design.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI 1.01 (HSS-BI 1.01)
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assignment
 BI.1.02 - Compare and contrast the structures within the cells of plants,
animals,...expand_morelink
Week 02 - Week 04
Comment(s): This unit includes many laboratory experiences which is particularly good for these
first-year students who may never have handled laboratory equipment before. These initial labs
have them using the microscope and learning to draw in a scientific way as they study cells.
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the structures within the cells of plants, animals,
protista and bacteria which function to enable the cell to live.
Key Concepts:
 1. Compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes

 a. Size.
 b. Internal structures (membranes, DNA, ribosomes).
 c. Example organisms.
 2. Eukaryotic cell structure and function will include:
 a. Cell membrane
 b. Endomembrane system (and its function as a transport and
packaging system)
 c. Mitochondria and chloroplast (and their function of energy
conversion)
 d. Nucleus (and its function as a storage of genetic material).
 e. Ribosome (and its function of protein synthesis).
 f. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (and its function of lipid synthesis).
 3. Plant vs. animal cell structures.
 4. TB as a case study from SEPUP.
Skills: 1. Use a microscope to make observations of general eukaryotic cell
structures. 2. Make scientific drawings. 3. Make conclusions based on evidence. 4.
Make accurate inferences using text materials. 5. Use the tools to prepare slides for
plant and animal cells.
Essential Questions: How does structure influence function?
SEPUP Materials - Unit 3 Cell Biology Activity 3 teacher SEPUP page 272: 283,
student SEPUP 171: 179 Activity 4 teacher SEPUP page 284: 289, student SEPUP
page 180 : 183 http://SEPUPlhs.org/high/sgi/teachers/cell_sim.html
http://www.molbiolcel1.0rg/content/21/22/3786.full Activity 5 teacher SEPUP
290 :293, student SEPUP184 : 185
http://SEPUPlhs.org/high/sgi/teachers/special_cell_sim.html Activity 6 teacher
SEPUP 294 : 299 student SEPUP 186 : 190 - Simulation
http://sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/diffusion.html - Links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svAAiKsJa-Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=prfMUwjobo8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9cVhwPg84
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
Evidence of Learning: -Using SEPUP analysis questions Unit 3 - Act 03 - Drawings
of cells in science notebook Unit 3 - Act 03 - Venn diagram showing structures cells
have in common Unit 3 - Act 04 - SS 4.1 Unit 3 - Act 05 - SS 5.1 Unit 3 - Act 06 -
Analysis Questions - Exit ticket
Capstone Connection: Students should be able to discuss how form and function
are related in their capstone projects. Other subject connection: ● Chemistry
CH.1.0.1; CH.1.0.2. ● Geology ES.1.02. ● Math – MA.1.04. ● Arabic – ask to write
an article or research paper about biology topics. ● English- reading, speaking,
writing and listening skills. ● French-reading, speaking and writing. ● German-
reading, speaking and writing. ● Art AR.1.01 how to draw. ● Computer science-
CS.1.04 presentation. ● Home economy-module 2 nutrition needs. ● P.E- module 2
teamwork ● Library- LI.1.05; LI.1.01 library type ● Music- MU.1.01; MU.1.02;
MU.1.03; MU.1..4
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI.1.01, HSS-BI.1.02 (HSS-BI.1.01, HSS-BI.1.02)
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assignment
 BI.1.03 - Connect the structure of a healthy cell membrane to the functions it...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s): These activities include two laboratories which explore the nature of membranes
and lay the groundwork for the more detailed explanation of how and why a cell membrane works
as it does. Doing these laboratories in advance will make learning the details more meaningful to
students and leads to deeper understanding and higher retention.
Learning Outcome: Connect the structure of a healthy cell membrane to the functions it performs;
1) develop an explanation of the structure of the cell membrane to include how the structure
enables the processes of diffusion and osmosis to occur; and 2) describe the nature of
phospholipids.
Key Concepts:
 1. Cell membrane
 a. Barrier function
 b. Phospholipids and proteins.
 c. Fluid structure
 d. Membrane models for study of function
 2. Cell membrane and diffusion
 a. Diffusion.
 b. Osmosis.
 c. Selective permeability
 d. Protein channels and facilitated diffusion.
 e. Concentration gradients,
 f. Transport proteins and active transport
 g. Diabetes as a case study (from SEPUP)
Skills: 1. Make and record laboratory data. 2. Analyze laboratory data to infer the
nature of features of membranes. 3. Make accurate inferences from text materials.
Essential Questions: How does structure determine function?
1- SEPUP Materials in Unit 3 - Cell Biology Act. 07 teacher SEPUP 300 :
308,student SEPUP 191 : 197 Act 07 - TR 7.1; TR 7.2 Act 07 - SS 2.1 to use for
diabetes reading Act 08 teacher SEPUP P. 310 : 319 student SEPUP P. 198 : 205
Act 08 - SS 2.1 to use for HIV reading Act 09 teacher SEPUP P. 321 :329 student
SEPUP P. 206 : 212 Act 09 - TR 9.1
Evidence of Learning: 1- Use of the Analysis questions for each Activity. 2-
Students' successful use of lab materials in Act 7 & 8. 3-Analysis question 6 for Act
9 as an assessment.
Capstone Connection: Again, students should relate form to function within their
Capstone project.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI.1.02 (HSS-BI.1.02)
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assignment
Genetics (2019)
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 BI.1.04 - Create a model which shows the structure of DNA and RNA as a genetic
material...expand_more
Week 07 - Week 07
Learning Outcome: Create a model which shows the structure of DNA and RNA as a genetic
material only: 1) The difference between DNA and RNA structure. 2) Complementary base
pairing rules .
Key Concepts:
 Modeling DNA structure:

 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
 2. Nucleotide subunits.
 3. Nitrogenous bases.
 4. Sugar–phosphate backbone.
 5. Complementary strands.
 6. Double helix.
 RNA structure
Skills: Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA.

Essential Questions: How is genetic information recorded?
Unite 4 Genetics - Act.10 Modeling DNA Structure (Te.SEPUP 505-513 -S.SEPUP 228-333) Unit
4 Genetics - Act 10 - TR (10.1+10.2+10.3+10.4)
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html
Evidence of Learning: - Record of lab work in science notebook - Exit ticket -Answer Analysis
Questions
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assignment
 BI.1.05 - Investigate the functions of different classes of proteins and the

factors...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 09
Comment(s): Again, there is a very important lab in this section (Act 11). In this lab students
actually design their own experiment with a testable hypothesis. This is their first opportunity to
practice this extremely important skill in science.
Learning Outcome: Investigate the functions of different classes of proteins and the factors
affecting their performance: 1) know the structure, classes and functions of proteins; 2) know the
mechanism of an enzyme function as a catalyst and the factors that effect on it.
Key Concepts: Functions of proteins in cells:
 a. Proteins in cells.
 b. Protein classification.
 c. Enzyme structure, functions and factors affecting rates.
Skills: Correlate (identify the relationship between) structure and function.

Essential Questions: What are proteins and why are they important?
Cell Biology- Unit 3 - Act.10 Functions of Proteins in Cells(Teacher .SEPUP 330-338 - S.SEPUP
213-215) Unit 3 - Act 10 - TR 10.1; SS 10.1 Cell Biology- Unit 3 - Act.11 Investigating Enzyme
Function (Teacher .SEPUP 339-346 -S.SEPUP 216-218) Unit 3- Act 11 - TR 11.1
Evidence of Learning: Use of all Analysis Questions Unit 3 - Act 10 - SS 10.1 Unit 3 - Act 11 -
Entries in science notebooks of hypothesis, procedure, data collected, etc. Unit 4 - Act 16 - SS
16.1
Capstone Connection: A healthy environment includes good temperature control and clean water
for the human body to function optimally.
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assignment
Cell Biology (part 2) (2019)
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 BI.1.06 - Create a model which outlines the cell cycle in controlled and uncontrolled...expand_more
Week 10 - Week 10
Comment(s): Activity 13 which is used to teach this Learning Outcome does not go into the
phases of mitosis. The phases of mitosis are taught in Grade 2. The Cell Cycle at this point is
generalized. We'd need to be careful that students don't get confused by the use of the word
phases both in the sense of the cell cycle phases and then in the sense of mitotic phases. I would
recommend leaving the teaching of the mitotic phases to Grade 2. At this point they only need to
realize that body cells replicate at different rates for different reasons. All the details can be left to
Grade 2 where they'll need more detail in order to understand mutation.
Learning Outcome: Create a model which outlines the cell cycle in controlled and uncontrolled
cell divisions, including uncontrolled cell division resulting in cancer.
Key Concepts: The cell cycle:
 1. Cell growth and division.

 2. Phases sequence (G1, S, G2, M).
 3. Normal and abnormal rates and processes.
 4. Rate differentiation based on cell type.
 5. Cancer as case study (from SEPUP only)
Skills: Record observations and identify trends in data

Essential Questions: How does life maintain itself?
Unit 3 Cell Biology Act.13 The Cell Cycle (Teacher: SEPUP 360-370; Student: SEPUP 229-235)
Evidence of Learning: Unit 3 - Act 13 - SS 13.1 - Exit ticket - Group presentations - Solve
Analysis questions Other subject connections: ● Arabic – ask to write an article or research paper
about biology topics. ● English- reading, speaking, writing and listening skills. ● French-reading,
speaking and writing. ● German- reading, speaking and writing. ● Computer science – 1.0.7
chart.
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assignment
 BI.1.07 - Evaluate stem cells as possible cures for some diseases: 1) cell...expand_more
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s): Material from the Genetics unit (Unit 4) has been added here to explain the
mechanism of stem cell differentiation in greater depth. This material is not being used by Grade
2 and it is logical to include it here.
Learning Outcome: Evaluate stem cells as possible cures for some diseases: 1) cell
differentiation; and 2) stem cells as a cure for disease.
Key Concepts:
 1. STEM cells types according to differentiation

 a. Totipotent
 b. Pluripotent
 c. Multipoint
 2. Types of STEM cells according to its presence
 a. Embryonic
 b. Adults (somatic).
 3. Layers of the embryo
 a. Ectoderm
 b. Endoderm
 c. Mesoderm
 4. STEM cells as a treatment
 a. Treatment for leukemia
 b. Umbilical cord blood STEM cells therapy
 c. Bone marrow transplant
 5. New researches treatment for diabetes
 6. The STEM cells debate.
Skills: 1. Distinguish scientific questions from ethical questions. 2. Investigate through modeling
and developing explanations.
Essential Questions: Can stem cells be used to cure diseases?
Unit 4 Genetics - Act 17 Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression (Teacher: SEPUP 572: 581
Students: SEPUP 376 : 381) Parts A & B only Act 17 - SS 17.1
Evidence of Learning: - SEPUP students’ sheet - unit 4 - Act 17 - SS 17.1 - Solving Analysis
Questions
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assignment
 BI.1.08 - Create a simulation to show how viruses infect a cell: 1) know organelles
of...expand_more
Week 13 - Week 13
Comment(s): By the end of the first semester students will study six diseases (Malaria, sickle cell
anemia, TB, diabetes, cancer, and HIV from SEPUP information only) and these diseases will be
included in the exam. The student will choose any other disease rather than these six diseases to
do it as a project related to his learning outcomes. Week 14 circles back to disease and
interventions as students give their presentations. This will conclude Learning Outcome 1.
Learning Outcome: Create a simulation to show how viruses infect a cell: 1) know organelles of
healthy cells; 2) explain why a virus can`t replicate by itself and must use the cell's organelles;
and 3) identify which organelles are used by the virus.
Key Concepts: HIV/AIDS: Virus and cell organelles:
 1. The relationship between cell protein and viral protein.

 2. Receptor proteins and enzymes.
 3. Protein manufacture of virus utilizing cell organelles.
 4. HIV virus mechanism of infection and replication.
 . 5.HIV as a case study (from SEPUP).
 a. Disease symptoms.
Skills: 1. Explain and interpret data. 2. Design and prepare a simulation.

Essential Questions: Is virus a living thing?
Unit 3 - Act.16 HIV/AIDS Infection and Cell Organelles (Teacher: SEPUP 381-388; Student:
SEPUP 244-249) Act 16 SS 16.1; SS 2.1
http://sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/lifecyclehiv.html
Evidence of Learning: Make a simulation Unit 3 - Act 16 - SS 16.1
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assignment
Plant Anatomy and Physiology (2019)
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 BI.1.09 - Providing supplies as the microscopic slides. Focusing on the study of
leaf...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 01
Comment(s): Students should observe and draw the dicot leaf as they see it under the
microscope and predict from what they know what the structures may be. Then they go to an
illustration which points out the structures and go back to the slide to label the structures with the
aid of the illustration. This would serve as a pre-assessment of their knowledge and would give
the lab an inquiry-based approach. Students may be uncomfortable with guessing, but inquiry-
based approaches require becoming able to take an intellectual chance and then go from there to
learn.
Learning Outcome: Providing supplies as the microscopic slides. Focusing on the study of leaf
structure in a dicot plant. Relate the structure of specialized plant structures to their function
within the plant and within the process of photosynthesis. 1) examine and draw cross section of
dicot leaf; 2) include structures of mesophyll cells, stomata, xylem, phloem, and chloroplast; and
3) include other plant structures listed under concepts section.
Key Concepts:
 1. Plant tissues: meristematic and permanent.

 2. Meristematic
 a. Apical,
 b. Vascular cambium.
 c. Cork cambium
 3. Permanent tissues
 a. Parenchyma,
 b. Collenchyma.
 c. Schlerenchyma.
 d. chlorenchyma.
 4. Complex permanent tissues
 a. Vascular,
 b. Dermal.
 c. Ground tissues
 5. Plant tissue adaptation.
 6. Transpiration and capillary action.
Skills: 1. Use of microscope. 2. Make detailed observations and records. 3. Deduce cell
processes from structure and function of cell parts. 4. Scientific drawing of a microscopic section.
Essential Questions: Why are plants the foundation of life?
Dynamics. 23.1 - 23.2p. from 605 to 618 Modern Ch.29 from p.583 to p.603
Evidence of Learning: Quiz (Laboratory Practical Quiz?). Drawings of microscope slides. Writings
in science notebooks. Comparing slides and identifying them according to their characteristics.
Exit ticket - H.W.
Capstone Connection: Structures and functions of plant parts can inform building design from
materials to function to structure to help understand heat flow????
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assignment
 BI.1.10 - Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular...expand_morelink
Week 02 - Week 03
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular

respiration: 1) describe the process of photosynthesis including the interactions between the light
dependent and light independent stages of photosynthesis; 2) describe the process of cellular
respiration, both aerobic and anaerobic; and 3) identify the factors that influence photosynthesis
and cellular respiration.
Key Concepts:
 1. Capturing the light energy.

 2. Pigments (chlorophyll a – chlorophyll b – Xanthophyll – Carotene) (considering
the color and the ratio)
 3. Chloroplast
 4. Photosynthesis process
 a. Light dependent reactions
 b. light independent reaction / Calvin Cycle (ATP/ADP – NADP+/
NADPH – PGAL (G3P) – RuBP – 3PGA)
 5. Cellular respiration
 a. Glycolysis is part of both:
 I. aerobic respiration
 a. Krebs cycle
 b. Chemiosmosis
II. Anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)
* Lactic acid fermentation

** Alcoholic fermentation.

Skills: Make accurate inferences and conclusions using text materials
Essential Questions: Could a plant be a photochemical cell?
SEPUP Ecology Unit Act.9 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Shuffle, Teacher 158-163;
S 100-102 SEPUP Cell Biology Unit Act.12 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration, Teacher
347-359; S 219-228
Evidence of Learning: Answer the Analysis questions. Compare between light and chemical
reactions.
Capstone Connection: Energy conversion in a plant can be compared and contrasted to energy
conversion in a dwelling.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI.1.01; HSS-BI.1.04 (HSS-BI.1.01; HSS-BI.1.04)
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 BI.1.11 - Create your own experiment to investigate a factor that affects...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 06
Comment(s): This is a new Learning Outcome that is very, very important for a student learning
science. This experience gives an opportunity to BE a scientist using experimental design to ask
your own questions! This is extremely important in a STEM school education! It is wonderful to
see that the Biology teachers added this!
Learning Outcome: Create your own experiment to investigate a factor that affects
photosynthesis and/or respiration using the steps of experimental design.
Key Concepts:
 1. Experimental design
 a. Reproducible procedures
 . b. Independent variable to be manipulated.
 2. Cellular respiration in plants
 3. Energy release.
 4. Photosynthesis.
 5. Capture of energy and production of carbon dioxide.
 6. Impact of variables on photosynthesis and cellular respiration
 a. Temperature.
 b. Amount of light
 7. Chemical indicators
Skills: 1. Design and conduct investigations 2. Make and record observations and measurements
3. Develop conclusions based on evidence 4. Make predictions
Essential Questions: Can we influence the capture and release of energy?
SEPUP Ecology Unit 2 Act.10 - Respiring Beans, Teacher 164-170; S 103-106 Act.11 -
Respiration and Photosynthesis in Plants, Teacher 171-178; S 107-110 Act.12 - Too Much Life,
Teacher 179-186; S 111-115
Evidence of Learning: Make predictions. Take measurements, collect and record data. Quality of
student experimental designs. Entries in science notebooks - procedure, data, analysis and
conclusions based on their real data.
Capstone Connection: Experimental design can be compared and contrasted with designing a
test plan for the Capstone prototype.
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assignment
Ecology (2019)
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 BI.1.12 - Create a model that shows the interdependence of living organisms within
an...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s): The Biology teachers have done an excellent job preserving the most important
parts of the Ecology unit, while making time in the semester for an in-depth study of plants.???
Learning Outcome: Create a model that shows the interdependence of living organisms within an
ecosystem: 1) describe the relation between the trophic levels and its numbers concerning
energy loss; and 2) explain the roles of producers and consumers in a food web.
Key Concepts: 1. Ecological biodiversity. 2. Habitat variety. 3. Micro to macro constituents of food
web. 4. Producers and consumers. 5. Food as energy source. 6. Varieties of consumers a.
Herbivores. b. Carnivores. c. Omnivores. d. Decomposers. 7. Food web diagram. 8. Energy flow
and pyramid. 9. Consumers levels a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary consumers 10. Ecosystem
diversity, disruption and collapse.
Skills: 1. Use microscopes to make and record observations of diversity in aquatic ecosystems
(water samples). 2. Compare microorganism diversity in water samples from different
ecosystems. 3. Make predictions 4. Identify and describe trade-offs involved in ecosystem
changes. 5. Use case studies to make accurate interpretations, inferences and conclusions from
text.
Essential Questions: Is energy neither created nor destroyed within an ecosystem?
SEPUP Ecology Unit 2 Act.6 Producers and Consumers, Teacher p. 134-142 S p. 85-89 Act.7
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem, Teacher p. 143-151 S p. 90-95
Evidence of Learning: Complete all activity sheets from SEPUP - SS 6.1; SS 7.1. Quiz - Draw
food web and answer questions. Use dichotomous key to identify name of specimens. Answer
some of the Analysis questions at the end of each activity.
Capstone Connection: Apply understanding of energy use and flow to varied alternative energy
processes
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI.1.06; HSS-BI.1.07 (HSS-BI.1.06; HSS-BI.1.07)
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 BI.1.13 - Connect the cycling of carbon to global climate change: 1) forms of

carbon...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 09
Learning Outcome: Connect the cycling of carbon to global climate change: 1) forms of carbon
within the carbon cycle, how conserved within nature; and 2) effect of humans on the carbon
cycle.
Key Concepts: 1. Carbon cycle. 2. Carbon reservoirs. 3. Quantity of carbon – fixed. 4. Reservoir
quantity – fluctuates. 5. Forms of carbon (e.g., CO2 and carbohydrates). 6. Human impact on
reservoirs.
Skills: 1.Make predictions using evidence
Essential Questions: How does non-living matter cycle?
SEPUP - Ecology Unit 2 Activity 8 - Carbon Cycle, Teacher p. 152-157 S p. 96-99
Capstone Connection: A dwelling's carbon footprint is connected to our contribution to the carbon
cycle.
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assignment
 BI.1.14 - Analyze how natural and human-caused events can unbalance an ecosystem
and...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s): If time is running short in the semester, the teacher may want to talk through
Activity 4 on invasive species rather than have students do all the case study reading. I also
moved Act 18 & 19 to this Learning Outcome because they were more closely connected to it
and again if time is running short in the semester it may be that the teacher gives an overview of
them rather than having the students actually do them. It is more important that students have the
time to apply what they have been learning about ecosystems to problems in Egypt itself than to
go into more depth about fisheries in particular.
Learning Outcome: Analyze how natural and human-caused events can unbalance an ecosystem
and describe possible strategies for restoring balance to damaged ecosystems.
Key Concepts: 1. Ecosystem services. 2. Management of resources. 3. Natural and human-
caused disturbances. 4. Ecosystem disturbance: minor to catastrophic. 5. Ecosystem resilience.
6. Invasive species. 7. Ecosystem resistance.
Skills: 1. Graph and analyze data. 2. Identify and describe trends in data. 3. Communicate and
defend a scientific argument. 4. Identify evidence. 5. Identify and weigh trade-offs when making a
decision.
Essential Questions: How is balance achieved?
SEPUP - Ecology unit 2: Act. 1, 4, 17 ,18,19 Teacher pdf of other sources Act. 1 Ecosystems and
Change Te. P.71 - 85 Sp. 45 - 56 Act. 4 Invasive Species Te. P.107 - 120 S p. 70 – 79 Act. 17
Ecosystem Change and Resiliency Te. P.217 - 223 S p. 134 -1138 Act. 18 Fishery Case Studies
Te p. 224-232 S p. 139-144 Act.19 Making Sustainable Fishery Decisions Te p.233-242 S p.145-
147
Evidence of Learning: Oral presentations Group created food webs Quiz - Problem solution
based on pictures 18.1; 19.1; 19.2
Capstone Connection: Consider ecosystem impact of the Capstone design
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assignment
 BI.1.15 - Analyze an ecosystem in Egypt that has become unbalanced and

suggest...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 12
Comment(s): Student presentations should be limited so that all students can give their
presentations within the week or this may become a group activity to limit the number of
presentations requiring class time.
Learning Outcome: Analyze an ecosystem in Egypt that has become unbalanced and suggest
effective interventions.
Key Concepts: Restoration of ecosystems
Skills: 1. Research 2. Analysis 3. Presentation
Essential Questions: What is the relationship between balance, unbalance and rebalance?
Online links to make presentations (Self-study)
Evidence of Learning: Students prepare a presentation which demonstrates their knowledge of
ecosystems as it applies in Egypt
Capstone Connection: Dwellings and developments impact ecosystems.
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assignment
Biology Grade 2
Genetically Modified Food (2019)
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 BI.2.01 - Use evidence to evaluate the trade-offs of using genetically modified food
to...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 01
Comment(s): This unit begins with questioning the use of genetically modified food as a reason
for learning the details of genetics. The last lessons of the unit will require that students use the
information they have learned in order to make well- informed decisions about the trade-offs
involved with the use of GMO's.
Learning Outcome: Use evidence to evaluate the trade-offs of using genetically modified food to
support economic, social and environmental sustainability. Describe the trade-offs of the use of
genetically modified food Explain the intended and unintended consequences of the use of
GMO’s
Key Concepts: 1. Genetically modified organisms. 2. Beneficial characteristics (example, disease
resistance, drought tolerance and higher nutritional value). 4. Unintended consequences for
humans and ecosystems.
Skills: 1. Evidence-based debate. 2. Identify and describe trade-offs. 3. Argue a stance and
support it with evidence.
Essential Questions: Should people engineer organisms?
SEPUP Book - Unit 4 - Genetics: Feeding the World Students p. 260-268 Teachers p. 407- 418;
SS 1.1
Evidence of Learning: (BA); Explain the intended and unintended consequences of genetic
modification (ST): Solve Analysis ques.4 in student book P. 286 (ST) Did your initial ideas about
Bt corn change? Explain your initial ideas. If they have changed, explain how and why. What
arguments made you change your mind? If they have not changed, explain why not.
Capstone Connection: Some plant species, such as rice, can be modified to grow under different
conditions of water availability impacting water needs for irrigation.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.02.04; HSS-Bi 2.02.05 (HSS-Bi 2.02.04; HSS-Bi 2.02.05)
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assignment
 BI.2.02 - Create a model to show the process of genetically modifying organisms and
how...expand_morelink
Week 02 - Week 03
Comment(s): This includes a very important laboratory in which students actually genetically
modify an organism Students will have received an introduction to mitosis in Grade 1 so their
preexisting knowledge should be assessed before doing all the parts of Act 2. It may be that only
one part will serve as enough of a review. I have removed meiosis from this LO. In my
experience, students were confused when I introduced mitosis and meiosis together. THE
SEPUP materials are designed to give students the experience of seeing the results of different
kinds of crosses and THEN the mechanism which enables those crosses (meiosis) is introduced
in detail. If the teacher believes meiosis needs to be introduced before doing the crosses then I
would recommend the Use of Act, 13 & 14 to do so. I have left Act 13 & 14 under LO 2.06.
Learning Outcome: Create a model to show the process of genetically modifying organisms and
how the new genetic material is inherited: 1) conduct experiments on the process of creating
GMO's; and 2) model inheritance by mitosis.
Key Concepts: 1. Bacterial transformation technique. 2. Plasmids. 3. Genes and chromosomes
(definition only). 4. Mitosis.
Skills: 1. Use good laboratory technique (sterilization technique). 2. Make and record
observations. 3. Identify and describe trends in data. 4. Make predictions. 5. Develop conclusions
based on evidence.
Essential Questions: How can GMO's affect our lives?
SEPUP Genetic: Activity 2 (student p. 269-277) ,(teacher p.419-434) Act 2 SS 2.1; 2.2; and 2.3
Activity 3: (Students p 278-281) ,(teacher p 435-439) Act 3 SS 3.1
Evidence of Learning: Q1 & 4 in SEPUP student book p.277 (BA) Students are going to read the
case study on biofuel to define the type of modification, benefits, risks, status of development and
other solutions in the case study on GMOs and should answer the Analysis question (Q 4) page
277 (ST) : Analyze your work in this activity and that of the other groups, according to your
teacher’s instructions. Analysis should include a summary of the data collected and conclusions
you and your group draw from the data about the bacteria on the plates. Explain possible sources
of experimental error. (Q1) page 277
Capstone Connection: Apply the process of genetic modification of organisms to support
improved conditions of a water supply
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.02.6; HSS-Bi 2.0.7; HSS-Bi 2.0.8; HSS-BI 2.01.11 (HSS-Bi 2.02.6;
HSS-Bi 2.0.7; HSS-Bi 2.0.8; HSS-BI 2.01.11)
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assignment
 BI.2.03 - Discuss how the chemical and structural properties of DNA and its
replication...expand_more
Week 04 - Week 06
Learning Outcome: Discuss how the chemical and structural properties of DNA and its replication
result in the creation of new genotypes: 1) design a model to show the structure of DNA; and 2)
determine how DNA replicates 3) Gene expression and protein synthesis
Key Concepts: 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). a. Macromolecule with nucleotide subunits. b.
Double helix and complementary strands. c. Sugar–phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases.
(Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine represented by A, G, C, and T). d. Nucleotide
sequences (Coded instructions). 2. DNA replication by semi-conservative mechanism. 3.
Transcription and translation. 4. RNA types and structure. 5. Protein Synthesis.
Skills: 1. Perform DNA isolation. 2. Make and record observations. 3. Identify, describe trends
and Interpret data. 4. Develop claims based on evidence and reasoning. 5. Recognize and
analyze alternative explanations and models. 6. Express and defend a scientific argument.
Essential Questions: How does DNA structure enable its function?
Activity 9: SEPUP,Genetics,(student p.324- 327).(teacher p.500- 506) Activity 10:
SEPUP,Genetics. (student p.328-333).(teacher p.507-515) Activity 12: (student p.343-345).
(teacher p.528-531) Meselson and Stahl experiment :
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/
0072437316/120076/bio22.swf::Meselson%20and%20Stahl%20Experiment - Act 16 - (Protein
Synthesis - Transcription and Translation (Te SEPUP 559-567, S SEPUP 366-375) Unit 4-Act 16
TR 16.1; TR 16.2
Evidence of Learning: Activity (9):Successful isolation of DNA during lab
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.01.01; HSS-Bi 2.01.02; HSS-Bi 2.01.03; HSS-Bi 2.01.04; HSS-Bi
2.01.05; HSS-Bi 2.01.07; HSS-Bi 2.01.08; HSS-Bi 2.01.09; HSS-Bi 2.01.10; HSS-Bi 2.01.11;
HSS-Bi 2.01.12; HSS-Bi 2.01.13; HSS-Bi 2.01.15; HSS-Bi 2.01.16; HSS-Bi 2.02.01; HSS-Bi
2.02.12 (HSS-Bi 2.01.01; HSS-Bi 2.01.02; HSS-Bi 2.01.03; HSS-Bi 2.01.04; HSS-Bi 2.01.05;
HSS-Bi 2.01.07; HSS-Bi 2.01.08; HSS-Bi 2.01.09; HSS-Bi 2.01.10; HSS-Bi 2.01.11; HSS-Bi
2.01.12; HSS-Bi 2.01.13; HSS-Bi 2.01.15; HSS-Bi 2.01.16; HSS-Bi 2.02.01; HSS-Bi 2.02.12)
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assignment
 BI.2.04 - Describe the key steps in the creation of genetic modifications and
analyze...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s): Instead of a presentation about the steps in creating GMO's as evidence of
learning, I made it a presentation of their data from the electrophoresis experiment and the
conclusions they drew from that. I was thinking that all the presentations of steps in creating
GMO's would be so similar that it would be too repetitive for students to listen to them during
class? Your thoughts?
Learning Outcome: Describe the key steps in the creation of genetic modifications and analyze
the DNA of organisms to determine whether they are modified or not using electrophoresis.
Key Concepts: 1. Genetically modified organisms. 2. Desirable traits (e.g., pest or disease
resistance, drought tolerance, or enhanced nutritional qualities). 3. Genetic manipulation for new
combinations of traits. 4. DNA electrophoresis. 5. Steps in GMO: a. identification of desirable
gene; b. isolation of gene; c. preparation of a DNA construct - adding markers; d. delivery of the
desired gene into target organism; and e. raising the transformed organisms using a selective
medium. 6. DNA constructs insertion: a. shooting with gene gun; b. bacterial transformation; or c.
viral delivery.
Skills: 1. Develop conclusions based on evidence and reasoning. 2. Consider and evaluate
multiple perspectives on an issue. 3. Identify and describe trade-offs of decisions. 4. Argue a
position and support it with evidence.
Essential Questions: Are GMO's the solution?
SEPUP Science and Global Issues. Activity 15 (teacher p.549) (student p.361) Activity 18
(teacher p.583) (student p.385). Activity 19 (teacher p. 596) (students' 393) Modern Biology Ch
13 p 257-259 Campbell 9th edition,Ch 20 (p.399 ) +( from p.405 to 409)
Evidence of Learning: -Students produce a poster about one of the GMO organisms -The final
arrangement of the 8 cards about the genetic modification of lettuce as done in class (Activity 19)
(teacher p. 596) (students' 393). - Students answer Analysis Question 2 (p 391 SEPUP) in
groups - Answer questions 1 and 3 p. 391 individually - SEPUP Analysis Questions p 399 - An
exam (done on google form )
Capstone Connection: Students could use edible vaccines to improve the medicine industry.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.02.02; HSS-Bi 2.02.03; HSS-BI 2.02.11; HSS-BI 2.02.12 (HSS-Bi
2.02.02; HSS-Bi 2.02.03; HSS-BI 2.02.11; HSS-BI 2.02.12)
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assignment
 BI.2.05 - Compare and contrast selective breeding and genetic modification to breed
a...expand_more
Week 09 - Week 10
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast selective breeding and genetic modification to breed a
new type of wheat in Egypt with a minimum of two desired traits.
Key Concepts: 1. Distinguish between genes and alleles. 2. Use Punnett squares to predict
outcomes of genetic crosses. 3. Phenotypic and genotypic results (Heterozygote -Homozygote).
4. Selective breeding. 6. Gregor Mendel’s contributions to our understanding of genetics. 7.
Patterns of inheritance a. Simple dominance (Laws of simple dominance- first and second
Mendelian laws) b. Incomplete dominance. c. Codominance.
Skills: 1. Collect, record and interpret data. 2. Develop conclusions based on evidence
Essential Questions: How could genetic modification improve the agricultural wealth or food
deficiency in Egypt?
SEPUP Genetics Activity 4 (Breeding Corn) (student p. 282-289) (teacher p. 442-454) Act 4 SS
4.1 & 4.2 SEPUP Genetics. Activity 5. (Genes and Traits) (student p. 290299).(teacher p.453-
463) SEPUP Genetics, Activity 6 (Breeding Corn for Two Traits ) (student p.300-306). (teacher
p.464-476) Act 6 SS 6.1 & 6.2 SEPUP Genetics Activity 7 (Breeding Better Rice) (student p.307--
315). (Teacher p.477-487) Act 7 SS 7.1
Evidence of Learning: - Students will solve all Analysis questions page 306 - Students will
prepare a plan to breed of new type of wheat with a minimum of two desirable traits - Students
are going to solve question Analysis 3 & 4 , page 314
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI 1.05.01; HSS-BI 1.05.02; HSS-BI 1.05.03; HSS-Bi 2.02.09; HSS-Bi
2.02.10; HSS-Bi 2.02.11 (HSS-BI 1.05.01; HSS-BI 1.05.02; HSS-BI 1.05.03; HSS-Bi 2.02.09;
HSS-Bi 2.02.10; HSS-Bi 2.02.11)
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assignment
 BI.2.06 - Interpret how sex-linked chromosomes and abnormalities of chromosomes

affect...expand_more
Week 11 - Week 12
Learning Outcome: Interpret how sex-linked chromosomes and abnormalities of chromosomes

affect the inheritance of traits and solve problems about sex-linked traits.
Key Concepts: Student review all the previous concepts about meiosis and mitosis and
chromosomes. 1. Genes. 2. Chromosomes. 3. Mitosis. 4. Crossing over. 5. Hybrid/Dihybrid
crosses. 6. Haploid. 7. Diploid. 8. Gametes. 9. Fertilization. 10. Karyotype( definition and
description). 11. Independent segregation. 12. Segregation and cross over. 13. Abnormalities
(chromosomal mutation).
Skills: Compare and contrast the two processes of reproduction
Essential Questions: Why and how there is variation among living organism?
Activity 13. (student p.346-352).(teacher p.530-538) Act 13 SS 13.1; SS 13.2 Activity 14. (student
p.353-360).(teacher p.539-547) Act 14 SS 14.1
Evidence of Learning: Act 13 - All Analysis Questions - Question 4 is (ST) Act 14- Students solve
AQ.1, 3 &7 p 359 , 14.1 student sheet
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1saD9Ngq0iUgb6_QisKNnB22O6BjEb9L34ojONcM8csM/
edit
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.02.08; HSS-BI 1.05.04; HSS-BI 1.05.05; HSS-BI 1.05.06; HSS-BI
2.03.01; HSS-BI 2.03.02 (HSS-Bi 2.02.08; HSS-BI 1.05.04; HSS-BI 1.05.05; HSS-BI 1.05.06;
HSS-BI 2.03.01; HSS-BI 2.03.02)
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assignment
Genetically Modified Food (part 2) (2019)
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 BI.2.07 - Explain how genomics has the potential to contribute in solving...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Learning Outcome: Explain how genomics has the potential to contribute in solving sustainability
problems to infer the genetic mechanism of inheritance for a given trait.
Key Concepts: 1. Genomics 2. The Human Genome Project 3. Genomics and biodiversity,
alternative energy, and human and animal health.
Skills: 1. Develop and test a hypothesis. 2. Analyze and interpret pedigrees. 3. Develop
conclusions based on evidence. 4. Apply logic, knowledge and reasoning to construct
explanations.
Essential Questions: How has genomics contributed to our understanding of inheritance
mechanisms of traits and genetic diseases?
Activity (8) SEPUP ,Genetics,. (student p.316 - 323). (teacher p.490-499) Act 8 SS 8.1
Evidence of Learning: Activity (11) (Exit ticket ) Students solve analysis question is 5 in SEPUP
book p.342 (Homework) Solving the analysis questions in the book p 342 Activity (8): -Analysis
Question 2 in page 321 is a Quick Check for you to monitor students understanding of pedigrees
and the information they convey.
Capstone Connection: Apply the process of genetic modification of organisms to support
improved conditions of a water supply
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI 1.05.07; HSS-BI 1.05.08; HSS-Bi 2.02.13; HSS-Bi 2.02.14; HSS-Bi
2.02.15; HSS-Bi 2.02.16 (HSS-BI 1.05.07; HSS-BI 1.05.08; HSS-Bi 2.02.13; HSS-Bi 2.02.14;
HSS-Bi 2.02.15; HSS-Bi 2.02.16)
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assignment
Human Sexual Reproduction (2019)
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 BI.2.08 - Compare and contrast the structures and functions of the human male
and...expand_more
Week 01 - Week 01
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the structures and functions of the human male and
female reproductive systems: 1) identify analogous structures between the male and female
organ systems; and 2) relate structures to their functions.
Key Concepts: 1. . Male and female reproductive structures. 2. Path and delivery of sperm. 3.
Ovulation.
Skills: 1. List analogies between male and female reproductive structures. 2. Link form with
function.
Essential Questions: How does human life continue?
Modern Biology Chapter 51 Reproductive System p.1049-1060
Evidence of Learning: Analysis Questions from Section 1, 2 and 3 Reviews.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.03.03; HSS-Bi 2.03.04; HSS-Bi 2.03.05 (HSS-Bi 2.03.03; HSS-Bi
2.03.04; HSS-Bi 2.03.05)
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 BI.2.09 - Explain how the human reproductive system allows the variation needed
for...expand_more
Week 02 - Week 03
Learning Outcome: Explain how the human reproductive system allows the variation needed for
natural selection and evolution and demonstrate an understanding of gametogenesis through the
process of meiosis.
Key Concepts: 1. Spermatogenesis. 2. Structure of sperm. 3. Oogenesis. 4. Hormonal controls of
cycles. 5. Menstrual cycle. 6.Ovarian and uterine cycles . 7. Fertilization. 8. Pregnancy. 9. Birth.
Skills: 1. Compare and contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. 2. Conclude analogies between
male and female gametes.
Essential Questions: Is variation beneficial?
Campbell Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction p. 1003-1018 with an emphasis on Concept 46.4 and
Concept 46.5 (Diagram on p.1008-1009)
Evidence of Learning: Concept Check Questions 46.4 Concept Check Questions 46.5
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.03.06; HSS-Bi 2.03.07 (HSS-Bi 2.03.06; HSS-Bi 2.03.07)
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Evolution (2019)
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 BI.2.10 - Cite evidence from the fossil record to support the theory of natural...expand_more
Week 04 - Week 05
Comment(s): I'd recommend shortening Activity 6. Earth Science discusses radiometric dating
and stratigraphy so talk with them so there is no duplication. But I think it's good to do Activity 5
because aren't there whale fossils in Fayoum? Didn't you take a field trip there? The more real
connections that can be made to Egypt, the better!
Learning Outcome: Cite evidence from the fossil record to support the theory of natural selection
and evolution: 1) describe Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection; and 2) use fossil
evidence to show that genetic makeup descends from common ancestors
Key Concepts: 1. Darwin’s influence on the mechanism of evolution (natural selection.)
2.Influence of experts, society and culture during Darwin’s time. 4. Evidence of evolution:
geology, index fossil, biogeography, homologous structures, and vestigial organs
Skills: 1. Make accurate interpretations, inferences and conclusions from text. 2. Communicate
and defend a scientific argument. 3. Develop conclusions from evidence.
Essential Questions: How did life evolve?
SEPUP Activity 4 Darwin and the Development of a Theory - S (p 436442), T (651659) Activity 5
Using Fossil Evidence to Investigate Whale Evolution S (p 443-445) T ( p 663-671) Activity 6
Evidence from the Fossil Record S p. 446-453 T p. 670-679 Modern Biology : unit 4 Evolution
( p.297 -304)
Evidence of Learning: Activity sheet 4.1 An essay of a ﬁve to eight sentence summary about who
inﬂuenced Darwin’s thinking and how they did so. Students should cite at least two quotes from
the readings to support your discussion. The essays should incorporate the concepts of natural
selection principles. Produce a 5 min power point presentation to cite evidence using fossil
records from an area to support the theories of natural selection and evolution. (Group work)
Venn diagram from Activity 5 Activity 6: presentation done within class about different topics of
the activity
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.03.01; HSS-Bi 2.03.03; HSS-Bi 2.03.04 (HSS-Bi 2.03.01; HSS-Bi
2.03.03; HSS-Bi 2.03.04)
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 BI.2.11 - Based on similarities in modern biological classification, show how to...expand_more
Week 06 - Week 07
Comment(s): Activity 8 - Studying Hominids.
Learning Outcome: Based on similarities in modern biological classification, show how to
determine the phylogeny of any organism from micro to macro.
Key Concepts: 1. Common ancestry. 2. Biological classifications and genealogical relationships.
3. Evidence of common ancestry. 4. Morphological evidence (Homology , Analogy, and Vestigial
structure) 5. Criteria for scientific explanations: a. the application of appropriate evidence, b.
consistently logical reasoning, and c. basis in accepted scientific knowledge 6. Theory of natural
selection. 7. Evidence for evolution of hominids (Cranium measurements of skulls). 8.
Transitional features in fossils. 9. Phylogenetic diversity.
Skills: 1. Interpret data. 2. Construct explanations based on knowledge and reasoning. 3.
Communicate and defend a scientific argument. 4. Examine data to identify trends and
relationships. 5. Develop conclusions from evidence.
Essential Questions: What affects evolution?
SEPUP book Activity 7 -The Phylogeny of Vertebrates - S (p 454 458) T (p 683-691)
http://tolweb.org/tree/home.pages/treehouses.html Campbell 9th edition p.538; sorting homology
from analogy p.340) Activity 8 - Studying Hominids - S (p 459-464) T (p 697-707) practical only
Evidence of Learning: Activity 7 - SS 7.1 and SS 3.1 Analysis Questions Activity 8: Participation
within class about grouping different skulls and measuring them - Records in science lab
notebooks Activity 9- Defend the decision you made about the four areas
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI 2.03.04; HSS-Bi 2.03.05; HSS-Bi 2.03.05a; HSS-Bi 2.03.05b; HSS-
Bi 2.03.05c (HSS-BI 2.03.04; HSS-Bi 2.03.05; HSS-Bi 2.03.05a; HSS-Bi 2.03.05b; HSS-Bi
2.03.05c)
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assignment
 BI.2.12 - Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution and their...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 09
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution and their

interrelationship: 1) define microevolution and macroevolution; and 2) explain the contribution of
mutation, natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow in microevolution.
Key Concepts: 1. Speciation. 2. Biodiversity and evolution and extinction of taxa. 3.
Microevolution: a. mutation, b. natural selection, c. genetic drift, and d. gene flow 4. Adaptation
and selection: a. physical traits, b. behaviors, c. biochemical processes, and d. enhance fitness 5.
Macroevolution
Skills: 1. Communicate and defend a scientific argument. 2. Apply evidence and reasoning to
formulate a logical claim for where populations are in the process of speciation. 3. Graph and
analyze data.
Essential Questions: What affects biodiversity?
Activity 10 What is a Species? S (p. 472-481) T (p. 717-731) Activity 13 The Processes and
Outcomes of Evolution S (p. 489-497) T (p. 750-764) Modern Biology - unit Evolution Section 1
(p. 317- 318), Section 2 ( p.321-325) , Section 3 (p.326 -329)
Evidence of Learning: Activity 10: Student notebook entries during and after the activity about
species separation on p. 474. Activity 13: Use SS 13.1. Answer the Analysis questions p.496
especially 2 &3. Discuss SS 3.1 Ideas about Evolution. Also discuss: - Compare between macro
and micro evolution. - What is meant by adaptation and explain two examples of adaptations. -
What does the word mass extinction refer to? - What does the word fitness refer to?
Capstone Connection: How does the industrial base affect evolution?
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.03.05d; HSS-Bi 2.03.05f (HSS-Bi 2.03.05d; HSS-Bi 2.03.05f)
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assignment
 BI.2.13 - Compare and contrast current work to genetically modify organisms and
the...expand_more
Week 10 - Week 10
Comment(s): This is a nice synthesis of Semester 1 & 2!
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast current work to genetically modify organisms and the
theory of evolution over geologic time.
Key Concepts: 1. Causes of genetic variation 2. Natural selection vs genetic modification (GMO)
Skills: 1. Communicate and defend a scientific argument. 2. Apply evidence and reasoning to
formulate genotype and phenotype of a hypothetical genetically modified organism.
Essential Questions: How could genetic modification affect the rate of evolution and biodiversity?
A project done by students from different resources Computer simulation
Evidence of Learning: Create a model of an organism that was not successful in response to
environmental changes. Students are going to provide a simulation and a presentation.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI 2.03.05d; HSS-Bi 2.03.06 (HSS-BI 2.03.05d; HSS-Bi 2.03.06)
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 BI.2.14 - Explain how human activities impact the sustainability of biodiversity.expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Learning Outcome: Explain how human activities impact the sustainability of biodiversity.

Key Concepts: 1. Biodiversity. 2. Ecosystem services. 3. Protected areas. 4.Sustainability. 5.
Impact of human activities on rates of natural change. 6. Three levels of biodiversity a.
Ecosystem diversity, b. Species diversity c. Genetic diversity 7. Human activities often cause
biodiversity to increase or decrease.
Skills: 1. Develop conclusions based on evidence and reasoning/ 2. Consider and evaluate
multiple perspectives on an issue/ 3. Identify and describe trade-offs of decisions/ 4. Argue a
position and support it with evidence/
Essential Questions: Can humans sustain their lifestyles and also sustain biodiversity?
SEPUP Science and Global Issues Activity 1 Biodiversity and Sustainability (students p.415421)
(teacher p.621629) Activity 2 Human Activities and Biodiversity (students p.42131) (Teacher
p.630-641) . Campbell 9th edition; Unit 8 Concept 56 ( p1238 to1244) and (p.1251 establishing a
protected area)
Evidence of Learning: The results of the game during Activity 1 - Uses SS.1.01; SS.1.02;
SS.1.03; SS.1.04. Especially sheet 1.4 which is the reflection sheet. The Analysis Questions in
SEPUP from Act. 2- page 431 One case study on how man altered any of the three types of
diversities (a paragraph only – you may use photos but not those in SEPUP) Exit Ticket
Capstone Connection: Students could use this information to discuss how industry affects
ecosystem biodiversity
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-Bi 2.04.01; HSS-Bi 2.04.01a; HSS-Bi 2.04.01b (HSS-Bi 2.04.01; HSS-
Bi 2.04.01a; HSS-Bi 2.04.01b)
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assignment
Biology Grade 3
Nervous System (2019)
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 BI.3.01 - Describe the relationship between structure and function of a neuron in
its...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Learning Outcome: Describe the relationship between structure and function of a neuron in its
role in cell communication.
Key Concepts: 1. Anatomy of the functional subunit of the nervous system (neuron). 2. Structural
diversity of neurons. 3. Communication between neurons.
Skills: 1. Explain the relationship between the structure and function. 2. Predict the impact of a
change in neuron structure (deterioration of myelin sheath, lack of neurotransmitter receptors) will
have on its function (effective transmission of a nerve impulse). 3. Design a model that illustrates
the key structural features of a neuron.
Essential Questions: How does the neuron structure reflect its function?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 48, Section 1(1045-1047 pp.)
Evidence of Learning: 1- Power point presentation illustrates the function of neuron. 2- Design a
model for neuron. 3- Examine the nerve tissue to draw a label diagram for the nerve cell.
Capstone Connection: The role of the neuron to transfer the nerve message between neurons
and from neurons to effectors in order to elicit a response.
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-BI3.01 (HSS-BI3.01)
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assignment
 BI.3.02 - Describe how the structure of the neuron membrane facilitates its
function...expand_morelink
Week 02 - Week 03
Learning Outcome: Describe how the structure of the neuron membrane facilitates its function
with a primary focus on how the neuron and the transmission of a nerve impulse allows
communication within an organism and with the external environment.
Key Concepts: 1. The mechanism of impulse transmission correlating structure with function (ion
channels, membrane potential, and electrochemical equilibrium) 2. The process that leads to
release of neurotransmitter and transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to next.
Skills: 1. Explain the process that results in the generation of an action potential. 2. Predict how
altered ion concentrations could influence an action potential. 3. Describe the action of
neurotransmitters at a synaptic cleft. 4. Include a description of the structure and function of
neurotransmitters, ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated calcium ion channels.
Essential Questions: How do ions and the neuron membrane integrate to transmit the nerve
impulse?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 48, Section 2, 3 and 4
Evidence of Learning: - Doing presentation - Analysis of graphs ******More information and detail
here is needed to explain what topics will be presented and what type of information will be
analyzed in a graph. ******
Capstone Connection: Students will examine to find relation between the thickness of nerve fiber
(axon) and propagation of nerve impulse and affecting human action.
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assignment
 BI.3.03 - Describe the major brain regions and their functions and predict the
outcome...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 05
Learning Outcome: Describe the major brain regions and their functions and predict the outcome
of damage or disease to the major regions of the brain and how that damage or disease impacts
communication between the brain regions.
Key Concepts: 1. One function of each major of brain region. 2. Biological clock regulation. 3.
Arousal and sleep. 4. Emotion. 5. Cerebral cortex controls the voluntary movement and cognitive
function. 6. Changes in the synaptic connections underlie memory and learning 7. Neural
Plasticity. 8. Stem cells in the brain.
Skills: 1. Apply knowledge about brain regions to predict the symptoms that would result from
damage to specific areas of the brain. 2. Describe how the various regions of the brain contribute
to maintaining homeostasis.
Essential Questions: How can studying individuals with damage to a particular brain region
provide insight into the normal function of that region?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 49, Section 2, Section 3, Section 4
Evidence of Learning: - Making a model to show the brain regions - Prepare a presentation
******More information required in terms of what is required in the presentation *******
Capstone Connection: How brain damage or disease impacts communication between different
brain regions and the nervous system.
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assignment
 BI.3.04 - Relate the major components of the nervous system to their functions,
Week 06 - Week 08
Learning Outcome: Relate the major components of the nervous system to their functions, and
explain how they communicate and contribute to homeostasis.
Key Concepts: 1. The components of a reflex arc and how it functions. 2. The organization and
the general function of the major parts of the nervous system (central, peripheral, somatic,
autonomic, parasympathetic, and sympathetic) 3. The location and function of several types of
sensory receptors. 4. The role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.
Skills: 1. Compare and contrast the components of the nervous system. 2. Predict the damage
symptoms of various components of the nervous system.
Essential Questions: How do the components of the nervous system integrate to contribute to
homeostasis?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 49 Section1 and chapter 50 , Sections 1, .2, .3 and 4
Evidence of Learning: - Prepare presentation. - Solve Campbell test bank. ********More
information, specifics required for preparing presentation and solving the Campbell test bank.
*********
Capstone Connection: How interactions and communication in the components of the nervous
system contribute to /impact homeostasis.
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assignment
Muscular/Skeletal System (2019)
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 BI.3.05 - Correlate the structure of both skeletal and muscular systems to their...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Learning Outcome: Correlate the structure of both skeletal and muscular systems to their
functions.
Key Concepts: 1. The structure and function of the skeleton, muscles, tendons and ligaments. 2.
Muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac and smooth) 3. Anatomy of the functional subunit of muscle
(sarcomere). 4. Cellular events that lead to muscle contraction, including the interface with the
nervous system. 5.The interaction of muscles and skeleton in the movement.
Skills: 1. Identify muscle tissue types (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac) in prepared histology slides
and correlate their specific structures to their unique functions. 2. Describe, diagram and explain
the structure and function of a sarcomere. 3. Design, develop and test a model depicting the
interaction between a neuron and a sarcomere.
Essential Questions: How does the nervous system control the contraction of muscles?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 50, Section 5
Evidence of Learning: - Prepare presentation. - Solve the Analysis questions in the textbook. -
Design a model to show the role of the regulatory protein and calcium ions in muscle contraction.
******More information required regarding the prepare presentation evidence***** ????? 1.
Students will construct a model of a sarcomere that demonstrates the action of actin and myosin
in muscle contraction.
Capstone Connection: How the nervous system and the muscular system communicate in an
organism.
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assignment
 BI.3.06 - Co-ordinate the structure of the skeletal system to its function and
predict...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Learning Outcome: Co-ordinate the structure of the skeletal system to its function and predict the
damage in the skeletal system on movement.
Key Concepts: 1. Types of skeletal systems. 2. Bone and joint of the human skeleton. 3.
Structure and types of joints. 4. Differentiate between bones and cartilage. 5. Diseases and
disorder of the human skeletal system.
Skills: 1. Describe the relationship between structure and function regarding various types of
joints and surrounding tissue. 2. Build a model accurately depicting structure and function of
various types of joints.
Essential Questions: How can the integration between skeletal and muscular systems help in
human movement?
Human Biology: Unit 5 (p.102-120) Campbell 9th Edition: Unit 7: Ch. 50.6 from page 1112
Evidence of Learning: - Prepare presentation - Solve Analysis questions - Quizzes ******* More
information is needed regarding types of presentations. More details required for solving Analysis
questions - from what texts, which questions? *******
Capstone Connection: Communication with body systems.
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assignment
Endocrine System (2019)
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 BI.3.07 - Explain how the release of hormones facilitates communication of animals
of...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 13
Learning Outcome: Explain how the release of hormones facilitates communication of animals of

the same species.
Key Concepts: 1. The general stages of cell communication (reception, transduction, and
response). 2. Two ways hormones affect target organs (protein and steroid hormones; cell
surface and intracellular receptors with an emphasis on structure and function of ligands,
membranes and receptors). 3. Positive and negative feedback mechanisms. 4. The role of the
endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.
Skills: 1. Describe the mechanisms of both positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Give an
example of each. 2. Create a diagram to illustrate in two examples of the endocrine system’s role
in maintaining homeostasis. 3. Use evidence and data (for example, symptoms in a case study)
to hypothesize possible explanations for endocrine disorders.
Essential Questions: How do hormonal signaling contribute to homeostasis?
Campbell 9th Edition: Unit 7, Ch. 45 - Section 1, 2
Evidence of Learning: Quizzes Presentation Solve test banks of Campbell ******* More
information required for presentation topics and parameters. Specify Campbell test bank items.
*********** ????? (More evidences of learning) 1. Students will apply their knowledge of
neurotransmitters and hormones to answer essay questions requiring them to describe the
stages of cell communication (reception, transduction and response) in both neurotransmitters
and hormones. 2. Students will design a controlled experiment to investigate the rate of
neurotransmitter uptake. 3. Students will design a controlled experiment to investigate the
disruption of an endocrine negative feedback mechanism.
Capstone Connection: Describing the connection between the cell signaling processes of the
neurotransmitters and hormones.
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assignment
 BI.3.08 - Predict the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis.expand_morelink
Week 14 - Week 14
Learning Outcome: Predict the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis.

Key Concepts: 1. The coordination of endocrine and nervous system. 2. Hormones cascade
pathway. 3. Endocrine positive and negative feedback mechanisms. 4. The posterior and anterior
pituitary hormones. 5. Homeostasis of blood glucose level. 6. Homeostasis of blood calcium
level. 7. Gonadal sex hormones.
Skills: 1. Predict the response of the endocrine system in response to changes in blood glucose
level and changes in blood calcium levels. 2. Examine a microscopic slide of pituitary gland and
pancreas 3. Describe both positive and negative feedback mechanisms in the endocrine system.
Essential Questions: How can hypothalamus regulate the performance of endocrine gland to
maintain homeostasis?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Ch 45, Section 3 and Section 4.
Evidence of Learning: - Prepare presentation - Quizzes - Solve question - Brain map ****** More
information needed on presentation. Not clear what - solve question - refers. Need more
information on brain map.******* ????? 1. Students will use their knowledge of feedback
mechanisms in the hormonal control of blood glucose levels and blood calcium levels to answer
essay questions requiring them to describe these processes and explain how they contribute to
homeostasis. 2. Students will design a controlled experiment to investigate the impact low insulin
levels would have on blood glucose levels under various conditions (for example, during exercise
or during fasting).
Capstone Connection: The role of hormones in the positive and negative feedback mechanisms
SEC Topic: Cell signaling and homeostasis, advanced.
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assignment
Digestive System (2019)
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 BI.3.09 - Correlate how the structures of the human digestive system facilitate their...expand_more
Week 01 - Week 02
Learning Outcome: Correlate how the structures of the human digestive system facilitate their
function in releasing nutrients from food
Key Concepts: 1. Organic essential nutrients. 2. Vitamins and minerals. 3. Dietary deficiency. 4.
Major compartments of the alimentary canal and their function(s) in digestion. 5. Major digestive
glands and their function(s) in digestion. 6. The process of chemical digestion of carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Skills: 1. Analyze the role of the digestive system in maintaining homeostasis. 2. Develop
connections between structure and function of the components of the digestive system.
Essential Questions: How do the various structures of the digestive system perform their
functions?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Ch 4, Section 1, Section 3. Internet resources
Evidence of Learning: Quizzes Prepare Presentation Examine models of digestive system
Detection of the components??? ***** More information is required in terms of what microscopic
slides and models should be examined and what skills will be demonstrated. More explanation is
needed for the detection of components. More information needed for presentations. *********
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assignment
 BI.3.10 - Apply knowledge of the digestive system to predict the impact that
disorders...expand_more
Week 03 - Week 03
Learning Outcome: Apply knowledge of the digestive system to predict the impact that disorders
of the systemhave on the function of the system.
Key Concepts: 1. Regulation of digestion. 2. Regulation of appetite and consumption. 3.
Disorders of digestive system (e.g. obesity, acid reflux, gallstones, lactose intolerance, and
inflammatory bowel disease)
Skills: Predict the impact of specific disorders on the function of the digestive system and on the
human health
Essential Questions: How do disorders of the digestive affect its function?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Ch 41, Section 5. Internet resources
Evidence of Learning: Research paper about the digestive system disorders. *******More
specifics regarding research paper would be helpful**********
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Excretory System (2019)
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 BI.3.11 - Evaluate how the structure of the excretory system facilitates its function,expand_more
Week 04 - Week 05
Learning Outcome: Evaluate how the structure of the excretory system facilitates its function,
Key Concepts: 1. Structures of the excretory system and associated arteries and veins and their
functions. 2. Components of the nephron and their function(s), (glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule,
proximal convoluted tubule, descending Loop of Henle, Ascending Loop of Henle, distal
convoluted tubule, and collecting duct) 3. Countercurrent exchange mechanism of the Loop of
Henle. 4. Four stages of urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion). 5.
Hormonal influence on osmoregulation (ADH/antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone).
Skills: 1. Examine a model of the excretory system. 2. Predict how the selective permeability of
the Loop of Henle facilitates the countercurrent exchange mechanism.
Essential Questions: How do the structures of the excretory system facilitate their function?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 44, Section 3, Chapter 44, Section 4.
Evidence of Learning: A. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the nephron. B.
Examine a T.S. of the kidney to identify. C. Try to model an artificial kidney.
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assignment
 BI.3.12 - Conclude the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis,...expand_more
Week 06 - Week 07
Learning Outcome: Conclude the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis,

including the influence of ADH and aldosterone on osmoregulation.
Key Concepts: 1. Hormonal circuits link kidney function, water balance, and blood pressure 2.
Antidiuretic Hormone. 3. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 4. Homeostatic Regulation
of the Kidney.
Skills: 1. Describe the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis. 2. Describe the
role of ADH in osmoregulation.
Essential Questions: How does the excretory system contribute to homeostasis?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 44, Section 5.
Evidence of Learning: A. Research paper about the hormonal influence on osmoregulation. B.
Quizzes
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assignment
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems (2019)
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 BI.3.13 - Illustrate the relationship between the structure and function of the...expand_more
Week 08 - Week 09
Learning Outcome: Illustrate the relationship between the structure and function of the
components of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Key Concepts: 1. The structure and general function of the three main types of blood vessels. 2.
Blood pressure and the variables that influence it. 3. Structure of the heart, pathway of blood
through chambers. 4. Blood components and how erythrocytes demonstrate the relationship
between structure and function.
Skills: 1. Describe how structure facilitates function in the circulatory system at the molecular and
cellular levels (hemoglobin and erythrocytes). 2. Differentiate between the structural components
of blood vessels that facilitate their function. 3. Explain the blood clotting process and its role in
maintaining homeostasis. 4. Explain the significance of systolic and diastolic blood pressure
measurements.
Essential Questions: How do the circulatory and respiratory systems function to maintain
homeostasis?
Campbell 9th edition: Unit 7, Chapter 42, Section 2. Chapter 42, Section 3.
Evidence of Learning: A. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the heart. B. Draw a
labelled diagram to compare the anatomy of the artery and veins. C. Quizzes. *********How about
evidence of learning for the respiratory system? ****** *******Evidence examples are not reaching
the higher cognitive skills of learning we want to support********
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assignment
 BI.3.14 - Follow the pathway a molecule of oxygen takes as it enters the body from
the...expand_more
Week 10 - Week 10
Learning Outcome: Follow the pathway a molecule of oxygen takes as it enters the body from the
air, until it enters the mitochondria for cellular respiration.
Key Concepts: 1. Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory system. 2. Mechanisms
and control of breathing in humans. 3. The structure of the mammalian respiratory system and its
functions. 4. Coordination of circulation and gas exchange. 5. General characteristics of
respiratory surfaces. 6. Structure and function of human respiratory system. 7. The pathway a
molecule of oxygen takes as it enters the body from the air, until it enters the mitochondria.
Skills: 1. Draw a flowchart to illustrate the journey of oxygen molecule inside the human body. 2.
Predict the impact that disruptions to various structures (alveoli, hemoglobin protein, and
capillary) will have on the function of the system. 3. Describe how the structure of the respiratory
system facilitates its function (large surface area, moist, proximity to environment and access to
circulatory system).
Essential Questions: How do multiple systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
Campbell 9th Ed: Unit 7, Ch. 42, Sec. 5, 6, 7
Evidence of Learning: Quiz Analysis of graphs Drawlabeled diagrams of the human respiratory
system. ********More information is needed regarding the analysis of graphs.********* *******A
general question whether drawing and labeling are reaching the higher cognitive skills of learning
we want to support********???
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assignment
Chemistry Grade 1
Matter and its Properties (2019)
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 CH.1.01 - Describe what characterizes science and its methods and use a
quantitative...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Describe what characterizes science and its methods and use a quantitative
observations with measurement by SI units.
Key Concepts:
 1. Science.
 2. Scientific methods.
 3. Scientific law.
 4. Scientific theory.
 5. Relations between variables.
 6. Uncertainty.
 7. SI units.
 8. Instrumentation (precision, accuracy, significant figures).
 9. Types of variables.
 10. Density.
 11. Specific gravity.
Skills: 1. Use laboratory equipment to get measurement data 2. Represent data on
data tables and graphs correctly 3. Differentiate scientific from non-scientific
reasoning 4. Develop a chart of main processes in scientific thinking 5.
Demonstrate proper use of quantitative instrumentation 6. Conduct and analyze
series of measurements 7. Evaluate scientific reports as to their use of quantitative
instruments reporting and analysis of findings. 8. Determine number of significant
figures 9. Measure and calculate densities of materials 10. Compare densities of
solids, regular and irregular and liquid materials by their behavior and gross
observation
Essential Questions: What if everyone in the government used the scientific method
to analyze and solve society’s problems, and politics were never involved in the
solutions? How would this be different from the present situation, and would it be
better or worse?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What if everyone in the government used the

scientific method to analyze and solve society’s problems, and politics were never
involved in the solutions? How would this be different from the present situation,
and would it be better or worse?
Evidence of Learning: R: Students will ABLE TO GIVE DEFINITION FOR

SCIENCE. BA: Represent in graph the relation between pressure and volume of the
gas at the room temp. BA: How chemistry can help in digging tunnels and collapse
old buildings quickly and safely. ST: Students will read two brief articles and
develop an argument using examples to justify their decision as to which is based
on scientific and which is based on non-scientific reasoning. BA: Zumdahl
Chemistry (exercise page 32 and 4 to 5) Lab Write-up
Capstone Connection: Use of measurement and use of scientific method to make
decisions in design
Relations: ME.1.01; (Study the scientific concepts and graph parameters. MA.1.05;

(Variables) BIO.1.02; (Measurement and SI units) PH. 1.01; () PH. 1.05; ()
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.01 (HSST-CH 1.01)
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assignment
 CH.1.02 - Demonstrate understanding of atomic structure, subatomic particles,

their...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Demonstrate understanding of atomic structure, subatomic particles, their

arrangements and the evidence that scientists that enabled scientists to discover them.
Key Concepts:
 1. Atoms.
 2. Atomic Structure.
 3. Isotopes.
 4. Isobar.
 5. Isotones.
 6. Alpha.
 7. Beta.
 8. Gamma.
Skills: 1. Explore 2. Measure 3. Measure and filter 4. Compare data 5. Test theory
6. Apply concept to data 7. Determine behavior of cathode ray 8. Develop historical
story of the discovery of current atomic theory
Essential Questions: How is an atom similar to and different from a solar system?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How is an atom similar to and different from a

solar system?
Evidence of Learning: Lab BA: design a model for the atom SA: Compare and
contrast contemporary understanding of the atom with the solar system
Capstone Connection:
Relations: ES.1.02; (Chemical structure, mixture, parameters of compounds like

minerals, chemical reactions and intermolecular and intramolecular forces,
respectively.) ES.1.04; () ES.1.05; () ES.1.06; (Chemical structure, types of bonds
and parameters of mixtures.) ES.1.08; (The stoichiometry of mineral ores.)
BIO.1.02; (Structure and Functions) MA.1.05; (Structure and Functions)
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.02; HSST-CH 1.11 (HSST-CH 1.02; HSST-CH
1.11)
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assignment
 CH.1.03 - Demonstrate their understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and

the...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Demonstrate their understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and the

particle nature of light by explaining how atoms of different elements are able to produce light of
different colors.
Key Concepts:
 1. Electron configuration.
 2. Valence numbers.
 3. Quantum numbers.
 4. Electromagnetic spectrum.
 5. Frequency.
 6. Wavelength.
 7. Photon Absorption.
 8. Emission.
 9. Energy, frequency and wavelength relations.
 10. Photoelectric phenomenon.
 11. Flame test.
 12. Excited state.
Skills: 1. Conduct spectral analysis 2. Use correct laboratory producers to conduct
flame test to identify metal ions 3. Explain emission of light by electrons in terms of
ground and excited states
Essential Questions: How do fireworks create different colors?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do fireworks create different colors?
Evidence of Learning: Conduct flame tests to determine the identity of different

elements. Explain photoelectric effect
Capstone Connection: Material properties of building materials (and paints and

other surface treatments) impact how light energy is reflected or absorbed,
impacting the thermal properties of the dwelling.
Relations:
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assignment
 CH.1.04 - Through laboratory investigations develop operational definitions of
chemical...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Through laboratory investigations develop operational definitions of chemical

elements, differentiate between metals/nonmetals and chemical and physical properties of
unknown elements based on their position and atomic structures in the periodic table.
Key Concepts:
 1. Structure of the periodic table.

 2. Trends and Periodicity.
 3. Atomic Radius.
 4. Ionization Energy.
 5. Electronegativity.
 6. Electron Affinity.
 7. Metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
 8. Electron affinity.
Skills: 1. Draw and describe simple electronic configuration. 2. Describe the basis of
the arrangement of elements 3. Use the periodic table to predict the properties of
elements 4. Distinguish between metals and non-metals according to appearance
Essential Questions: What are the ways that people can sort a variety of things?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What are the ways that people can sort a variety
of things?
Evidence of Learning: R: Students cans describe how elements are named R:

Students cans describe how elements are grouped R: Students can differentiate
between atomic mass and atomic number R: Differentiate between metals and
nonmetals, and chemical and physical properties and can identify regions on the
periodic table where different types of elements are located BA: Relate laboratory
observations of chemical and physical properties of elements to their position in the
Periodic Table. BA: Experimentally determine the chemical properties of the oxides
of metals and non-metals and relate to electron configuration and placement in the
periodic table. ST: Students can identify the application of metals in real life and
explain how properties relate
Capstone Connection: Differentiate between chemical and physical properties,

metals and non-metals when thinking about construction materials for structure.
Relations: MA.1.05; (Using step function way in the trends of the periodic table)
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assignment
Organic Chemistry (2019)
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 CH.1.05 - Describe how to determine chemical behavior according to valence
electrons...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week10
Comment(s): Zumdahl Ch 8 may be a good reference for the teacher, but not for students.
Section 6, for instance, talks about electronegativity, but that is referred to in section 8.2.
Zumdahl Ch 22 Section 1 is ok as long as this does not turn into simply a memorization activity.
Section 4 is far too technical for students at this point and goes way beyond the learning
outcome. I don't know what the reference is to Sec 29, as there is no chapter or section of this
number. Again, I think this resource is better for the teacher as a resource and not for students
Learning Outcome: Describe how to determine chemical behavior according to valence electrons

and how and why atoms interact with each other.
Key Concepts:
 1. Chemical bond.
 2. Ionic and Covalent bond.
 3. Electron dot diagram.
 4. Nomenclature of alkanes (IUPAC common name).
 5. Isomers of alkanes.
 6. Cis and Trans.
 7. Structure Isomers and Chains.
Skills: 1. Correlate electron configuration with ionization energies and chemical
properties 2. Determine valence numbers from electron configuration 3. Compare
organization of the periodic table according to valence numbers with physical and
chemical properties and predict formulas for binary compounds 4. Contrast ionic
bonding and covalent bonding 5. Draw electron-dot diagrams for simple molecules
with covalent bonding and ionic bonding 6. Student can compare between organic
and inorganic substance 7. Detect practically C and H in organic substance 8.
Distinguish between molecular, structural and empirical formula 9. Draw formulas
for isomers of a compound. (structure chain, cis and trans) 10. Name simple
alkanes according to IUPAC nomenclature rules
Essential Questions: Why and how do things react?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Why and how do things react?
Evidence of Learning: -Students can describe and give explanations for the

chemical behaviors of elements. -Students are able to explain which element of a
pair has the more stable electron arrangement. -Students can explain relative sizes
of first, second, and third ionization energies of an element. -Students are able to
explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonding. -Students are able to
draw electron-dot diagrams for several compounds. -Exercise in Zumdahl
Chemistry (22.1 - 22.2 - 22.3 - 22.4 - 22.5 - 22.6)
Capstone Connection: Organic materials have unique chemical and physical

properties based on molecular bonding
Relations: ES.1.10; (Principles of organic chemistry and use it in the minerals and

rocks.) ES.1.04; () ES.1.05; () ES.1.06; (Chemical structure, types of bonds and
parameters of mixtures.)
2.09)
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assignment
Nuclear Chemistry (2019)
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 CH.1.06 - Select and use data to construct an argument for the existence of
strong...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Select and use data to construct an argument for the existence of strong
nuclear forces.
Key Concepts:
 1. Radioactive.
 2. Unstable Atoms.
 3. Fusion reaction.
 4. Fission reaction.
 5. Half-life.
 6. Nuclear forces.
Skills: 1. Research the properties of major nuclear particles 2. Explain what
isotopes are and why some are stable and some not 3. Interpret and use symbolic
representation of isotopes 4. Calculate the average atomic mass of an element
from the percent abundance of its isotopes 5. Define half-life and use decay rates to
solve simple decay problems 6. Draw inference of nuclear forces based on the
repulsion of like charges.
Essential Questions: What makes things radioactive?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What makes things radioactive?
Evidence of Learning: R: Students use examples and explanation to differentiate

fission and fusion BA: Students are able to calculate average atomic mass and
explain why atomic masses are not always whole numbers. ST: Students create a
data-based argument for the presence of the strong nuclear force
Capstone Connection: Students understand that attractive and repulsive forces are

at work in all materials and are responsible for the physical and chemical properties
of materials.
Relations: ME.1.05; () Me.1.09; (Acceleration of particles and using it in different

fields such as Nuclear Chemistry.)
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assignment
Introduction to Chemical Reactions (2019)
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 CH.1.07 - Explain how the physical properties of different types of elements,
compounds...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain how the physical properties of different types of elements,

compounds and groups of elements (in both normal and nanosize) can be used to identify them
and can be used in commercial applications.
Key Concepts:
 1. Element.
 2. Compound.
 3. Electrolysis.
 4. Chemical formula.
 5. Chemical equation.
 6. Law of Conservation of Mass.
 7. Temperature.
 8. Kinetic energy.
 9. Vaporization.
 10. Sublimation.
 11. Heating Curve of Water.
Skills: 1. Decompose water by electrolysis a. Test elements to determine identity b.
Determine chemical formula by relative volume of gases produced 2. Compare
properties of elements with compounds 3. Burn measured quantity magnesium and
determine chemical formula of magnesium oxide 4. Write and interpret chemical
formulas 5. Demonstrate safe laboratory practices 6. Describe the States of Matter:
Solid, Liquid, and Gas 7. Explain the purpose of balancing a chemical equation. 8.
Relate balancing an equation to the Law of Conservation of Matter. 9. Differentiate
chemical from mathematical equations - how similar, how different 10. Balance a
chemical equation.
Essential Questions: Why are chemical symbols like letters and compounds like
words? How is a chemical equation like a sentence?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Why are chemical symbols like letters and
compounds like words? How is a chemical equation like a sentence?
Evidence of Learning: -Students isolate hydrogen and oxygen products by

electrolysis of water in expected ratio and analyze findings. -Students conduct
appropriate tests to identify hydrogen and oxygen. -Students are able to create
flipbooks that depict particle movement. Animations of solid and liquid match
description required. -Students collect data and correctly graph a heating curve for
water. -Students observe and identify various changes of state and can explain the
causes of phase change in terms of addition or removal of heat energy. -Students
correctly identify the energy transformations occurring in different segments of a
heating curve for a material. -Students are able to explain how the addition of heat
changes the volume of air and why the piston moves.
Capstone Connection: Material properties at Nano and Macro levels impact

effectiveness for different roles of different building needs (eg. support material vs.
connectors, roof vs. foundation, conductors vs. insulators vs. crystalline vs.
transparent, etc.).
Relations: MA.1.05; (Using function and relation from math in the gas law studies.)
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.03; HSST-CH 1.08; HSST-CH 3.04. (HSST-CH
1.03; HSST-CH 1.08; HSST-CH 3.04.)
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assignment
Introduction to Chemical Reactions (2019)
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 CH.1.08 - Explain how the chemical and physical properties of solutions,
suspensions,...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Learning Outcome: Explain how the chemical and physical properties of solutions, suspensions,
colloids and Nano substances can be used in water treatment.
Key Concepts:
 1. Pure substance.
 2. Solution.
 3. Solute.
 4. Solvent.
 5. Colloid.
 6. Tyndall Effect.
 7. Suspension.
Skills: 1. Separate mixtures by evaporation and filtration 2. Use laboratory
techniques to differentiate colloids from true solutions 3. Differentiate suspension,
solution, colloid 4. Explain how particle size influences physical and chemical
properties
Essential Questions: What are mixtures?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 1, Sec. 3
Evidence of Learning: -Students reflect on the properties of mayonnaise and make

reasonable suggestions for the use of emulsions. -Students reflect on how the
properties of different metals affect mixtures of these metals and alter their
usefulness. -Students describe one characteristic of non-potable water and design
a laboratory procedure to treat it.
Capstone Connection: One feature of house design may be treating household

waste water.
Relations: ES.1.02; (Chemical structure, mixtures, parameters of compounds like

respectively) BIO.1.03; (Mixtures and their properties)
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.04. (HSST-CH 1.04.)
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assignment
 CH.1.09 - Explain how the physical properties of different types of elements

contribute...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Learning Outcome: Explain how the physical properties of different types of elements contribute
to the properties of alloys, emulsions and composite materials.
Key Concepts:
 1. Texture.
 2. Uniformity.
 3. Strength.
 4. Elasticity.
 5. Bounce.
 6. Malleability.
Skills: 1. Compare properties of emulsions to those of composites 2. Explore and
analyze industrial uses of materials
Essential Questions: How do properties of matter relate to building and art?
Evidence of Learning: -Students are able to list useful properties of new mixtures. -

Students use the concepts of physical properties to describe their selection of
materials for their sustainable structures in their capstone project.
Capstone Connection: Material properties at Nano and macro levels impact

effectiveness for different roles of different building needs (eg. structure vs.
connector, roof vs. foundation, conductors vs. insulators vs. crystalline vs.
transparent, etc.).

respectively.) ES.1.04; () ES.1.05; () ES.1.06; (Chemical structure, types of bonds
and parameters of mixtures.) BI.1.03; (Mixtures and their properties)
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assignment
 CH.1.10 - Calculate quantities of products formed from known quantities of
reactants...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Learning Outcome: Calculate quantities of products formed from known quantities of reactants

and be able to discuss their precision and accuracy
Key Concepts:
 1. Stoichiometry.
 2. Mole.
 3. Molar mass.
 4. Standard temperature and pressure (STP).
 5. Dimensional analysis (unit conversions).
 6. Percentage yield.
 7. Limiting reagent.
Skills: 1. Use basic laboratory techniques (to the accepted tolerance of instruments)
to determine the amount, mass, or volume of a substance produced or required in a
chemical reaction. 2. Precision, accuracy, experimental error
Essential Questions: How can chemists use fruit salad as a model for how to
predict quantities of atoms?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 4, Sec. 3 Zumdahl

Chemistry: Ch. 3, Sec. 11 p.114 Zumdahl Chemistry: ex. 3.18 p.12
Evidence of Learning: Presentation - group Written quiz - individual Students are

able to effectively play the Equivalent Measures game and answers match those
provided in this Teacher’s Edition
Capstone Connection: Measurement precision used for effective empirical analysis

of chemistries is analogous to measurement precision for building specifications,
including energy uses, flow etc.)
Relations: ES.1.08; (The stoichiometry of mineral ores.) PH. 1.01; ()
2.05)
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assignment
 CH.1.11 - Investigate four types of chemical reactions, generate and test for
hydrogen,...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 07
Learning Outcome: Investigate four types of chemical reactions, generate and test for hydrogen,
oxygen and carbon dioxide and determine the most effective ratio of hydrogen to oxygen for
propulsion of a small rocket.
Key Concepts:
 1. Synthesis reaction.
 2. Decomposition reaction.
 3. Single-replacement reaction.
 4. Double-replacement reaction.
Skills: 1. Conduct laboratory tests to identify three different gases. 2. Use chemical
reactions to make gases for propulsion. 3. Investigate different types of chemical
reactions involve gases.
Essential Questions: How do chemists study quantities of atoms and molecules
when they are too small to be measured?
Evidence of Learning: "Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Answers to

questions in Part A are similar to those presented in this Teacher’s Edition. Ideas
proposed are reasonable. Answers to questions are similar to those presented in
this Teacher’s Edition. Answers match those shown in this Teacher’s Edition
*****Are you planning to do this activity?
http://serc.carleton.edu/sp/mnstep/activities/26400.htm
Capstone Connection: Roles of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in various

forms of alternative energy

respectively.)
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assignment
 CH.1.12 - Use two and three dimensional models and their understanding of bond
polarity...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 08
Learning Outcome: Use two and three dimensional models and their understanding of bond
polarity to illustrate polar and non-polar inter-molecular forces.
Key Concepts:
 1. Intermolecular forces.
 2. London dispersion force.
 3. Dipole-dipole force.
 5. Polarity.
 6. VESPR theory.
Skills: 1. Describe how the size and shape of molecules affect their physical state.
2. Classify molecules as polar and non-polar. 3. Describe how molecules stay
together and how their bonding affects their physical properties.
Essential Questions: What holds molecules together?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 5, Sec. 2;

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-polarity plus analysis questions
Evidence of Learning: "Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Four pages of

molecular representations are similar to those shown in this Teacher’s Edition.
Students make informed guesses as to which molecules are solids, liquids, or
gases and explain their reasoning. Answers match those found in this Teacher’s
Edition. Conclusions match those found in this Teacher’s Edition. Answers in
students’ Active Chemistry logs match those found in this Teacher’s Edition."
Capstone Connection: Apply to selection of materials to use when considering

alternative energy designs
Relations: ME.1.06; (Acceleration of particles and using it in different fields such as

Nuclear Chemistry) ES.1.02; (Chemical structure, mixtures, parameters of
compounds like minerals, chemical reactions and intermolecular and intramolecular
forces, respectively.) PH. 1.02; ()
3.03)
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assignment
Electrochemistry (2019)
folder
 CH.1.13 - Use understanding of the metal activity series to explain why metals
are...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Learning Outcome: Use understanding of the metal activity series to explain why metals are
found as they are in nature and discuss considerations (such as exposure to different kinds of
solutions) for the use of metals in industry, construction and jewelry.
Key Concepts:
 1. Metals.
 2. Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.
 3. Oxidation.
 4. Reduction.
Skills: 1. Test the chemical reactivity of metals 2. Use metals to light an LED and
explain the procedure and how this can happen
Essential Questions: What enables metals to have the properties that they have?

Evidence of Learning: Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Students are
able to create an electrical circuit that lights an LED and provide answers that
match those in this Teacher’s Edition. Students successfully complete the
Investigate steps and provide answers that match those in this Teacher’s Edition.
Capstone Connection: Metal properties help to explain the choices made by

builders for metals in dwellings (Eg. why not copper structural beams and steel
electrical wires). Apply information to possible alternative forms of energy.
Relations: ES.1.09; (Using redox reaction that used in energy like solar cells.)
MA.1.05; (Using function and relation from math in the study of LED.)
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assignment
 CH.1.14 - Examine a variety of commercial batteries and use their understanding

Week 11 - Week 11
Learning Outcome: Examine a variety of commercial batteries and use their understanding of

electrochemistry to explain how they work and why the manufacturers used the materials they
did.
Key Concepts:
 1. Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.

 2. Half-reactions.
 3. Electrochemical cell.
 4. Galvanic cell.
 5. Spectator ions.
Skills: The student can design his own battery
Essential Questions:
Evidence of Learning: Students use the activity series to build an electrochemical

cell with the greatest voltage. Students are able to carry out the investigation and
draw conclusions about voltage from their data.
Capstone Connection: Battery properties can be analyzed to explain why batteries

are an impractical energy storage approach at the whole-house level.
Relations:
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.06 HSST-CH 3.06 (HSST-CH 1.06 HSST-CH
3.06 )
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assignment
Thermochemistry (2019)
folder
 CH.1.15 - Determine, explain and illustrate how energy and disorder change
during...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 12
Learning Outcome: Determine, explain and illustrate how energy and disorder change during
physical and chemical processes.
Key Concepts:
 1. System.
 2. Thermodynamic.
 3. Kinetics.
 4. Energy.
 5. Heat.
 6. Maximum work.
 7. Law of conservation of energy.
 8. Endothermic.
 9. Exothermic.
 10. Heat content.
 11. Enthalpy change.
 12. Energy diagram.
 13. Activation energy.
 14. Activated complex.
 15. Entropy(S).
 16. Spontaneity.
 17. Gibbs free energy.
 18. Catalyst.
Skills: 1. Determine the relation between the system and environment 2.
Differentiate between thermodynamics and kinetic 3. Apply the law of conservation
of energy in many systems 4. Compare between endothermic and exothermic
system 5. Find ∆H and calculate it in physical and chemical change 6. Draw the
energy diagram for endothermic and endothermic system 7. Determine the
activated complex position in energy diagram 8. Determine the Gibbs free energy in
endothermic and exothermic system 9. Explain the effect of surface areas and use
of a catalyst on reaction rate
Essential Questions: What holds things together and how does thermodynamics
effect on sustainable system?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 4, Sec. 1 and 8 Zumdahl

Chemistry: Ch. 6, Sec. 1, 2, 4 and Ch. 17. Sec. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9
Evidence of Learning: Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Students are

able to generate CO2 gas using four different methods. Students use data they
recorded from the various methods of CO2 gas production to select one that best
achieves the desired results.
Capstone Connection: Energy and disorder change during various steps of the

building process (from alloy forming for rebar to cement mixing and curing). Apply
knowledge and understanding of energy and disorder to alternative energy designs.
Relations: PH.1.07; () PH.1.10; () PH.1.11; ()
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assignment
Gases (2019)
folder
 CH.1.16 - Use the Gas Laws to explain the principles of SCUBA diving.
expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 13
Learning Outcome: Use the Gas Laws to explain the principles of SCUBA diving.
Key Concepts:
 1. Gas.
 2. Natural law.
 3. Pressure.
 4. Atmosphere.
 5. Barometers.
 6. Boyle’s Law.
 7. Charles’s Law.
 8. Absolute Zero.
 9. Kinetic Theory of Matter.
 10. Idea Gas.
Skills: 1. Investigate the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at
constant temperature. 2. Use data concerning gas, volume, and pressure generate
a mathematical relationship between. 3. Investigate the relationship between
temperature and volume of a gas. 4. Plot temperature and pressure data to
extrapolate absolute zero. 5. Create an explanation for the importance of using the
Kelvin scale for gases. 6. Apply Charles’s Law to ballooning 7. Predict what will
happen when SCUBA tanks are filled.
Essential Questions: What does it mean when something is under pressure?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 5, Sec. 3, 4;

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties plus analysis questions
Evidence of Learning: Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Explanation of

observations and answers to questions in Active Chemistry logs match those listed
in this Teacher’s Edition. Explanation of observations and answers to questions in
Active Chemistry logs match those listed in this Teacher’s Edition. Explanation of
observations and answers to questions in Active Chemistry logs match those listed
in this Teacher’s Edition. Answers match those presented in this Teacher’s Edition.
Answers to questions in Part A are similar to those presented in this Teacher's
Edition. Answers match those shown in this Teacher's Edition. Proposed ideas and
solutions correctly apply the principle of Charles’s law. Proposed ideas are
reasonable. Answers to questions in Part A are similar to those presented in this
Teacher's Edition. Answers match those shown in this Teacher's Edition.
Explanation includes correct application of Charles’s law
Capstone Connection: Consider properties of gas in an alternative energy design

for Egypt--how is the design affected by Egyptian climate?
Relations: MA.1.05; (Study the variables in the Gas Law) PH.1.08; ()
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assignment
 CH.1.17 - Determine the effect of molecular size on molecular motion. Use pictorial
Week 14 -
Learning Outcome: Determine the effect of molecular size on molecular motion. Use pictorial and
physical models to determine the effect of mass on gas effusion rates. Describe the history,
processes and economic impact of the scented oil industry in Egypt.
Key Concepts:
 1. Diffusion.
 2. Effusion.
 3. Graham’s Law of Effusion.
Skills: 1. Determine the effect of molecular size on molecular motion. 2. Research
the scented oil industry in Egypt
Essential Questions: Why do colognes and aftershave lotions smell so strong, but
perfumes do not?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry: Ch. 5, Sec. 7;

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-shapes-basics plus analysis
questions
Evidence of Learning: Written quiz - individual Presentation - group Answers from

students are similar to those in this Teacher’s Edition. Answers from students are
similar, if not identical, to those in this Teacher’s Edition.
Capstone Connection: Understanding molecular properties of gases can inform the

design of a gas-phase indicator of a gas leak for improve safety in the home.
Relations: PH.1.08; ()
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assignment
Chemistry Grade 2
Water in our lives (2019)
folder
 CH.2.01 - Outline the purification of the water supply. Describe two different...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Outline the purification of the water supply. Describe two different processes
whereby sea water can be converted into drinkable water.
Key Concepts:
 1. Solutions and aqueous solutions.

 2. Solubility of salts (temperature impact).
 3. Solubility curves.
 4. Quantitative analysis.
 a. ppm.
 b. molarity.
 c. molality.
 d. normality.
 e. mole fraction.
 f. mass percentage.
 g. TDS.
 5. The different ion percentages which the human body needs daily.
 6. Resins.
 7. EDTA (including ion exchange).
 8. Electrodialysis.
 9. Reverse osmosis.
 10. Dissolved oxygen (DO).
 11. Qualitative analysis.
Skills: 1. Use simple distillation to separate soluble salt 2. Use filtration to separate
in soluble salt 3. Use carbon to remove tastes and colors 4. Calculate rates of
chlorination to disinfect the water 5. Compare between chemical, biological and
physical treatment 6. Determine the concentration of solutes by different methods 7.
Compare between qualitative and qualitative analysis. 8. Use analytically
equipment correctly 9. 9nterpret the analytical data and results
Essential Questions: How can you get a pure drinkable water?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can you get a pure drinkable water?
Evidence of Learning: 1. Use litmus paper for determination of pH 2. Determine pH

by use of meter 3. Experimentally demonstrate multiple methods of analysis of pH
Capstone Connection: Because water is such a good solvent it creates special

challenges in terms of pollution and water supply.
Relations: MA.2.01; () BI.2.02; () ES.2.04; ()
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assignment
 CH.2.02 - Demonstrate that water is a good solvent, that it contains different...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Demonstrate that water is a good solvent, that it contains different varieties of
dissolved substances, and identify environmental sources and the effect on water purity.
Key Concepts:
 1. Water in the environment.

 2. Properties and types.
 3. Measuring densities, conductivity, pH, boiling points.
 4. Effect of solutes on physical properties.
 5. Colligative properties.
 a. elevation in B.P.
 b. depression in F.P.
 c. osmotic pressure.
Skills: 1. Identify naturally occurring dissolved and suspended
materials in water sources (mineral salts; oxygen; organic matter) 2.
Describe pollutants, their origins and the chemical interactions that
make them harmful (metal compounds; sewage; nitrates from
fertilizers; phosphates from fertilizers and detergents; harmful
microbes) 3. Develop chemical explanation for the role of beneficial
chemicals in water (e.g. oxygen and mineral salts for aquatic life)
Essential Questions: Why do we add ethylene glycol to water in car's
radiator?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Why do we add ethylene glycol to

water in car's radiator?
Evidence of Learning: 1. Experimentally analyze physical and

chemical properties of water from different sources.
Capstone Connection: Impact of dissolved substances in the

treatment of water
Relations: MA. 2.07; ()
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 2.04 HSST-CH 2.05 (HSST-CH 2.04

HSST-CH 2.05 )
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assignment
Acids and Bases (2019)

folder
 CH.2.03 - Describe characteristic properties of acids and bases and preparation
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Describe characteristic properties of acids and bases and preparation of salts
Key Concepts:
 1. acids
 a. nature of acids.
 b. acid strength.
 c. pH scale.
 2. Polyprotic acid.
 3. Bases.
 4. Acid-base properties of salts.
 5. The Effect of Structure on.
 a. acid–base properties.
 b. acid–base properties of oxides.
 6. The Lewis Acid–Base Model
Skills: 1. Describe the techniques used in the preparation, separation and
purification of salts as examples of some of the techniques specified in the previous
LO (methods for preparation should include precipitation and titration together with
reactions of acids with metals, insoluble bases and insoluble carbonates) 2.
Describe the general rules of solubility for common salts to include nitrates,
chlorides (including silver and lead), sulfates (including barium, calcium and lead),
carbonates, hydroxides, Group I cations and ammonium salts 3. Suggest a method
of preparing a given salt from suitable starting materials, given appropriate
information 4. Solving acid- base problems
Essential Questions: How do acids, bases and salts affect our lives?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do acids, bases and salts affect our lives?
Evidence of Learning: 1. Experimentally analyze titrations of mono-, di- and tri-

protic acids 2. Describe the ionization of strong acids in water and the dissociation
of strong bases in water. 3. Distinguish between solutions of weak acids or bases
and solutions of strong acids or bases. 4. Relate pH to the concentration of
hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution. - Write ionic equations for
neutralization reactions. 5. Identify the products of a neutralization reaction. 6.
Describe the composition of a salt."
Capstone Connection: Role of acids and bases in water treatment or measurement
Relations: ES.2.13; ()
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assignment
Chemical Reaction Rates (2019)
folder
 CH.2.04 - Describe the effect of concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Describe the effect of concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature and
catalysis (including enzymes) on the rates of reactions and explain these effects in terms of
collisions between reacting particles.
Key Concepts:
 1. Order.
 2. Molecularity.
 3. Rate of chemical reaction.
 4. Law of mass action.
 5. Determination of rate of reaction.
Skills: 1. Determine the rate of chemical reaction by monitoring: a. change of
concentration of reactant or product. b. volume of gas evolved c. change in PH d.
change of weight of the reactants.
Essential Questions: why the food spoils outside the fridge in hot days?
Textbook and Resource Materials: why the food spoils outside the fridge in hot
days?
Evidence of Learning: Sample Exercise Zumdahl, 12.2 - Students must understand

how the study of the rates of chemical reactions and the structures of the products
of these reactions can lead to knowledge of the detailed atomic-level behavior of
chemical substances and elucidation of their chemical and physical properties.
Capstone Connection: Effect of these parameters on water treatment for potable

water applications
Relations: MA.2.05; ()
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assignment
 CH.2.05 - Explain how catalysts (transition metals, nanoparticles, and biological...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain how catalysts (transition metals, nanoparticles, and biological
enzymes) lower activation energy and increase reaction rates, and suggest a suitable method for
investigating the effect of a given variable on reaction rate.
Key Concepts:
 1. Catalyst.
 2. Activation energy.
 3. Activated molecules.
 4. Effects of different variables on the rate of chemical rate.
Skills: Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with rate of reaction
Essential Questions: how does the catalyst impact in our life?
Textbook and Resource Materials: how does the catalyst impact in our life?
Evidence of Learning: Suggest a suitable method for investigating the effect of a

given variable on the rate of the reaction.
Capstone Connection: Catalysts and rates of reaction in water treatment
Relations:
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assignment
Chemical Equilibria (2019)
folder
 CH.2.06 - Explain the meaning of reversible reaction, dynamic equilibrium, and state
Le...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain the meaning of reversible reaction, dynamic equilibrium, and state Le
Châtelier’s Principle. Apply these concepts to predict the change that will occur when a stress is
applied to system at equilibrium.
Key Concepts:
 1. Chemical equilibria.
 2. Reversible reactions.
 3. Dynamic equilibrium.
 a. factors affecting chemical equilibria.
 b. equilibrium graphing.
 c. equilibrium constants
 d. the Haber process.
 e. the Contact process.
Skills: 1. Illustrate and explain whether changes in concentration,
pressure or temperature or the presence of a catalyst affect the value
of the equilibrium constant for a reaction. 2. Deduce expressions for
equilibrium constants in terms of concentrations, Kc and partial
pressures, Kp 3. Calculate the values of equilibrium constants in
terms of concentrations or partial pressures from appropriate data 4.
Calculate the quantities present at equilibrium, given appropriate data
Essential Questions: How does equilibrium impact in our daily life?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does equilibrium impact in our

daily life?
Evidence of Learning: - Write equilibrium law expressions from

balanced chemical equations for heterogeneous and homogeneous
systems. Include: mass action expression - Perform a laboratory
activity to determine the equilibrium constant of an equilibrium system.
- Use Le Châtelier’s principle to predict and explain shifts in
equilibrium. - Written quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork."
Capstone Connection: Chemical reactions in water treatment
Relations: ME.2.06; () PH.1.03; ()
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assignment
 CH.2.07 - Explain qualitatively the extent of dissociation of strong and weak acids
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain qualitatively the extent of dissociation of strong and weak acids and
bases. Use the common ion effect to explain buffers in terms of pH, Ka, pKa, Kw and Ksp.
Calculate related quantities.
Key Concepts:
 1. Ionic equilibria.
 2. Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.
 a. acid dissociation constants, Ka and the use of pKa.
 b. the ionic product of water, Kw.
 c. pH: choice of pH indicators.
 d. buffer solutions.
 e. solubility product.
 f. the common ion effect.
Skills: 1. Calculate [H+(aq)] and pH values for strong and weak acids
and strong bases 2. Explain the choice of suitable indicators for acid-
base titrations, given appropriate data 3. Describe the changes in pH
during acid-base titrations and explain these changes in terms of the
strengths of the acids and bases 4. Use equations to illustrate the
common ion effect 5. Explain how buffer solutions control pH and
describe and explain the uses of buffers, including the role of HCO3–
in controlling pH in blood 6. Calculate the pH of buffer solutions, given
appropriate data 7. Explain and illustrate the use of solubility product,
Ksp 8. Calculate Ksp from concentrations and vice versa
Essential Questions: How could you analyze the data of water
treatment?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How could you analyze the data of

water treatment?
Evidence of Learning: Describe by the equation the activation energy

for the forward direction and the activation energy for the reverse
direction. - Written quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork. Which is
more soluble MX or MX2 where Ksp = 1.8 x 10 -6
Capstone Connection: Role of pH in potable water measurement and

treatment
Relations: ME.2.07; () PH.1.03; ()

HSST-CH 2.05 )
mode_edit
assignment
Introduction to Industrial Chemistry (2019)
folder
 CH.2.08 - Calculate oxidation numbers and use them to explain redox processes
Week 01 - Week 03
Learning Outcome: Calculate oxidation numbers and use them to explain redox processes and
balance chemical equations. Explain electron-transfer reactions, including electrode reactions
and industrial applications.
Key Concepts:
 1. Oxidation number.
 2. Redox processes.
 3. Electron transfer.
 4. Electrolysis.
 5. Electrolytes and non-electrolyte.
 6. Factors affecting the types of substance liberated, deposited or formed during
electrolysis (electrode - types of electrolyte).
 7. Electroplating.
 8. Corrosion.
Skills: 1. The electrolysis of brine, using a diaphragm cell 2. The extraction of
aluminum from molten aluminum oxide/cryolite 3. The electrolytic purification of
copper 4. Electroplating of metals to protect it from corrosion
Essential Questions: How can chemical reactions be considered as electron
transfers?
Textbook and Resource Materials: HOLT Chemistry, Ch. 17, Sec. 1 Zumdahl

Chemistry, Ch. 4, Sec. 9; Ch. 18, Sec.9
Evidence of Learning: - Determine the charge on a monatomic ion in an ionic

formula. - Determine the formulas, including the charges, for common polyatomic
ions. - Identify a chemical formula as representing an element, a binary ionic
compound, an ionic compound with one or two polyatomic ions, or a molecular
compound. - Written quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork. Zumdahl Chemistry:
exercises p. 877 – 889
Relations: BI.2.04; () PH.2.02; ()
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.06 HSST-CH 2.06 HSST-CH 3.06 (HSST-CH 1.06
HSST-CH 2.06 HSST-CH 3.06 )
mode_edit
assignment
 CH.2.09 - Use half reaction in electrochemical cells to define standard

electrode...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 06
Learning Outcome: Use half reaction in electrochemical cells to define standard electrode

potential using standard hydrogen electrode. Calculate the emf (Ecell). Construct a battery and
develop other batteries.
Key Concepts:
 1. Solutions that conduct electricity.

 2. Electrolytic solution.
 3. The path of electricity in a battery.
 4. Why does a battery eventually “die”?.
 5. Electrode potentials
 a. standard electrode (redox) potentials, E o the redox series.
 b. standard cell potentials, Eo cell, and their uses.
Skills: 1. Describe methods used to measure the standard electrode
potentials of: a. metals or non-metals in contact with their ions in
aqueous solution b. ions of the same element in different oxidation
states 2. Calculate a standard cell potential by combining two
standard electrode potentials 3. Use standard cell potentials to: a.
explain/deduce the direction of electron flow from a simple cell b.
predict the feasibility of a reaction c. construct redox equations using
the relevant half-equations
Essential Questions: What makes batteries work?

HOLT Chemistry: Ch. 17, Sec. 3
Evidence of Learning: Construct several electrochemical cells to study

oxidation – reduction reactions and their use in voltaic cells. - Written
quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork. Zumdahl Chemistry ex. 18.3
Capstone Connection: Role of batteries in Egypt's industrial base OR

new business in Capstone

HSST-CH 1.06 )
mode_edit
assignment
Fuels and Fire (2019)
folder
 CH.2.10 - Explain (i) combustion reactions for alkanes (i.e. methane in oxygen)
(ii)...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 11
Learning Outcome: Explain (i) combustion reactions for alkanes (i.e. methane in oxygen) (ii)
addition/substitution reactions for alkanes and alkenes (iii) polymerization (addition and
condensation)
Key Concepts:
 1. Empirical, molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae.

 2. Functional groups and the naming of organic compounds.
 3. Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds.
 4. Isomerism: structural and stereoisomerism.
 5. IUPAC name.
 6. Optical and geometrical isomerism.
 7. Classification of hydrocarbons.
 a. aliphatic.
 b. aromatic.
 8. Alkanes (exemplified by methane and ethane).
 a. combustion.
 b. halogenation.
 c. free-radical reactions.
 d. crude oil and ‘cracking.
 9. Alkenes (exemplified by ethylene).
 a. addition and oxidation reactions.
 b. industrial importance.
 10. Chemistry of fire.
 11. Aromaticity.
Skills: 1. Distinguish between alkane alkene and alkyne in re-activity 2. Recognize
characteristic reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
Essential Questions: How can you decide the best type of fuel that you will use in
your car?
Textbook and Resource Materials: HOLT Chemistry: Ch. 19, Sec. 1, 2, 3 Zumdahl

Chemistry: Ch. 22 Sec. 1, 2, 5, 6 internet resources
Evidence of Learning: - Explain how the structure and bonding of carbon lead to the
diversity and number of organic compounds. - Compare the use of molecular and
structural formulas to represent organic compounds. Distinguish among the
structures of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. -Relate
properties of different types of hydrocarbons to their structures Identify alcohols,
alkyl halides, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amines
based on the functional group present in each. Explain the relationships between
the properties and structures of compounds with various functional groups -Written
quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork." -Describe and distinguish between the
organic reactions: substitution, addition, condensation, and elimination. -Relate
some functional groups to some characteristic reactions. -Identify the two main
types of polymers and the basic reaction mechanisms by which they are made. -
Written quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork."
Relations: BI.2.02; ()
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assignment
 CH.2.11 - Describe (a) cracking of crude oil (b) the use of resulting molecules as
fuel...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 14
Learning Outcome: Describe (a) cracking of crude oil (b) the use of resulting molecules as fuel
via combustion (c) environmental consequences of CO, NOx, VOCs, and greenhouse gases.
Overcome environmental challenges with alternative fuels and increased efficiency.
Key Concepts:
 1. Hydrocarbons as fuels.
 2. Greenhouse effect.
 3. Crude oil and ‘cracking.
Skills: Identification of hydrocarbon as fuels for machines and humans
Essential Questions: How can you use crude oil in industry?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chemistry: Ch. 22 Sec. 3 - 4
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/oils/
polymersrev1.shtml"
Evidence of Learning: - Explain the advantages and disadvantages of making

ethanol using non-renewable or renewable resources - Give Examples of polymers
and their uses - Explain how Polymers have properties that depend on the
chemicals they are made from, and the conditions in which they are made. - Written
quiz - individual Presentation - teamwork.
Capstone Connection: Role of petroleum products and process in Egypt's industrial

base
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assignment
Chemistry Grade 3
Introduction to Investigative Processes and Concepts (2019)
folder
 CH.3.01 - Differentiate: law and theory; theory and experiment; qualitative and...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s): In this unit the emphasis should be on learning the ways in which scientists do their
work, the importance of evidence and the limitations of scientific research. Scientific experiments
rely primarily on quantitative measurement. Students should be used to this by now. A natural
implication of the limits of scientific experimentation is uncertainty in measuring. Students should
be familiar with this already and should apply it to the process of designing experiments or
reviewing the results of other experiments.
Learning Outcome: Differentiate: law and theory; theory and experiment; qualitative and
quantitative; and hypothesis and theory.
Key Concepts:
 1. The fundamental laws of chemistry are the laws of:

 a. Conservation of Mass.
 b. Conservation of Energy.
 c. Definite Proportion.
 d. Multiple Proportion.
 2. Quantitative analysis.
 3. Qualitative analysis.
 4. Scientific methodology.
 5. Uncertainty.
 6. Instrumentation.
 a. precision.
 b. accuracy.
Skills: 1. Read scientific reports and analyze for methodology 2.
Differentiate between findings, analysis and conclusion 3.
Demonstrate proper use of quantitative instrumentation 4. Conduct
and analyze series of measurements 5. Evaluate scientific reports as
to their use of quantitative instruments, reporting and analysis of
findings
Essential Questions: How are scientific reports and findings different
from others? This should be a central question in this section. What
do we mean by uncertainty in the scientific sense?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 1

Section 1 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 3 Chapter 2 Section
2 Chapter 1 Sections 4 - 10 Lab Handbook: The difference between
reading volume by graduated cylinder and burette Zumdahl
Experimental Chemistry: Labs 1, 2 and 3. Dr. Robert McComas -
Theories and Laws
http://coehp.uark.edu/pase/TheMythsOfScience.pdf
Evidence of Learning: R: what are the scientific steps of an

experiment BA: problem p14 R: mention 4 instruments to use in
treatment with volumes BA: problem p1 ST: example 1.2 ST: before
the scanning tunneling microscope what evidence u will give to
support the theory of atoms and molecules.
Capstone Connection: Describe theories associated with the chosen

communication technique. Apply uncertainty of measurement to
communication capstones and hardware or software prototypes

HSST-CH 3.01 )
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assignment
 CH.3.02 - Design and conduct a laboratory investigation to demonstrate the Law

Week 03 - Week 03
Comment(s): This is a very important LO, but the details in this section do not seem to follow. Are
students required to design a lab? This entire unit should focus on the methods of predicting 1)
the composition of substances; 2) the calculation of reactants and products in a balanced
chemical reaction and 3) the underlying chemical mechanisms that guide the proportions in a
reaction.
Learning Outcome: Design and conduct a laboratory investigation to demonstrate the Law of

Conservation of Mass. Design a laboratory experiment to demonstrate the composition of
compounds can be predicted from the structure of the constituent elements and can be confirmed
experimentally.
Key Concepts:
 1. Law of Conservation of Mass.

 2. Elements of robust experimental design.
Skills: 1. Experimental Design 2. Analytical methodology 3. Laboratory reporting
Essential Questions: What makes a good experimental design?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Student 3 Lab Handbook Experiment #1: By

Precipitation and Filtration Experiment ********without knowing the details of this
experiment, it seems out of place. How does it fit here? The title does not
seem to describe what the experiment is about******** Zumdahl Chemistry
Chapter 4 Sections 1 - 7 Zumdahl Laboratory Handbook Experiment #14 and 16
Student 3 Lab Handbook Experiment: Volumetric and gravimetric analysis
Evidence of Learning: R: define the density. ******How does this fit here?*******
BA:example1.14 ST: What is the difference bet the simple and the fractional
distillation? ******How does this fit here? ******* Experimentally demonstrate the
Law of Conservation of Mass Students will be able to either 1) determine the
formula of a compound, given mass data; or 2) design a simple experiment
that produces mass data that allows the student to determine the formula.
Capstone Connection: Apply conservation of mass to your communication

capstone
Relations:
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assignment
 CH.3.03 - Offer a simple set of observations about what they see in the
laboratory,...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 04
Comment(s): This LO is important in that it connects the microscopic level with the

macroscopic and the representational
Learning Outcome: Offer a simple set of observations about what they see in the
laboratory, write a balanced equation and explain in terms of atoms, molecules, collisions
between them and electron interactions.
Key Concepts:
 1. Kinetic Molecular Theory.

 2. Nano and molecular level interactions.
 3. Particle collisions.
 4. Chemical formulae.
 5. Balancing equations.
 6. Naming conventions.
Skills: 1. Inferring molecular processes from macroscopic observations 2.
Developing a particle model to explain macroscopic observations
Essential Questions: How can chemists tell about atomic level interactions
from gross laboratory observations?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 2 Section 8

Chapter 3 Section 8 and Section 9 Chapter 4 Sections 8 - 10 Student 3 Lab
Handbook Experiment: Redox Reactions and Titration *******Check this
experiment. What reactions are used?
Evidence of Learning: Quiz on valid and invalid inferences from laboratory

observations *******This seems like a very basic way of determining what
students have learned. 1) Are students able to translate from macroscopic to
microscopic and then represent the microscopic in an equation? 2) Are they
able to do the reverse of #1? 3)Are they able to do #1 and #2 for a variety of
types of reactions, e.g., reactions with precipitates, gases produced, color
changes and other indications that a reaction is occurring? *******
Capstone Connection: Role of atoms and molecules in your communication

technique
Relations: ES.3.04; () ES.3.06; () ME.2.07; ()

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assignment
 CH.3.04 - Identify and apply stoichiometric relationships to mass data to identify

or...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s): The mathematical routines used in this LO are in reality mathematical models

that describe the behavior of substances in chemical reactions. Limiting and excess
reagents can be applied to a number of environmental issues. What are the by-products of
chemical reactions and how can we minimize these? How do we measure quantities
present in very small concentrations?
Learning Outcome: Identify and apply stoichiometric relationships to mass data to identify

or infer the composition of pure substances and/or mixtures and relate mathematical
processes to the analysis of the conservation laws and mechanisms of chemical
reactions.
Key Concepts:
 1. Scientific laws are derived from observational data.

 2. Limiting Reagent.
 3. Stoichiometric relationships.
Skills: 1. Mathematical analysis of quantitative data 2. Selection and
application of appropriate scientific laws to quantitative data. 3. Use
appropriate instrumentation to accurately measure mass of substances,
volumes of solutions, or volumes and pressures of gases as reactants and as
products
Essential Questions: How do chemists use mathematical processes to analyze
reactions?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 4 Section 10

Student Laboratory Handbook: Experiment Heat of Crystallization
*******????? This is a physical change. Is it best lab for this LO? *******
Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 3 Sections 1 - 10 Chapter 5 Sections 1 - 4
Zumdahl Laboratory Handbook Experiment #13
Evidence of Learning: Experimentally determine the mass of barium in a

sample of barium chloride salt and compare experimental results to the
theoretical. Experimentally indicate the proportions in which substances
reacts by measuring temperature change as index of the extent of the
reaction. *******????????????******* *******Perhaps an alternative: present
students with a variety of equations and the mass or volume of one of the
reactants or products and ask them to calculate the quantities of the
remaining species. And as an application of this, present students with an
actual reaction and a mass of one reactant or product and ask them to
calculate and measure out the quantities required to completely react. *******
Capstone Connection: The mathematical routines involved here are ways of

communicating about the behavior of matter.
Relations:
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assignment
Gases (2019)
folder
 CH.3.05 - Use experimental data to derive the Ideal Gas Law. Determine the volume
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s): This unit should build on the gas laws unit from year 2 which considered
Charles' Law, Boyle's Law, Combined Law, etc. It is placed here in the curriculum because
it is quantitative in nature (and thus, follows the stoichiometry unit). However, it is
conceptually related to CH. 3.13 and CH. 3.14 by means of the Kinetic Molecular Theory.
Learning Outcome: Use experimental data to derive the Ideal Gas Law. Determine the
volume of one mole of a gas.
Key Concepts:
 1. Ideal gas.
 2. Intermolecular forces.
 3. Ideal Gas Law.
 4. Universal gas constant.
Skills: 1. Determine the volume of one mole of a gas. 2. Using laboratory data,
calculate the gas-law constant “R.” 3. Derive the Ideal Gas Law equation.
Essential Questions: What makes something "ideal?"
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Chemistry Ch. 3 Sec. 6 Resource for

Activity Interactive Simulations - Gas Properties
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties Ideal Gas Law
Simulation http://highered.mheducation.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?
it=swf::100%::100%::/sites/dl/free/0023654666/117354/Ideal_Nav.swf::Ideal
%20Gas%20Law%20Simulation Intermolecular Forces https://www.wisc-
online.com/learn/natural-science/chemistry/gch6804/intermolecular-forces
Evidence of Learning: See Exercises 5.37,38, 43-125
Relations: PH.1.08; () PH.3.13; ()
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.07 HSST-CH 3.07 (HSST-CH 1.07 HSST-CH
3.07 )
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assignment
Electrons and the Periodic Table (2019)
folder
 CH.3.06 - Explain and represent the distribution of electrons in an atom
using...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 09
Comment(s): These LOs should be re-ordered: 3.10, 3.13, 3.11, and 3.12
Learning Outcome: Explain and represent the distribution of electrons in an atom using

Coulomb’s Law and the position of the element on the periodic table.
Key Concepts:
 1. Coulomb's Law.
 2. Electron pairing.
 3. Electron spin.
 4. Orbitals.
 5. Energy levels and sub-levels.
Skills: Application of Coulomb's Law
Essential Questions: What determines how an element will react?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl sections 7.6 - 7.11 Online chemistry

textbook (not identified)
http://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/viningwj/Chem111/Chapter%208_5_SY.pdf
*********Michigan State University department of chemistry
http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/intro2.htm
University of California Davis ChemWiki
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Quantum_Mechanics/09._Th
e_Hydrogen_Atom/Atomic_Theory/Electrons_in_Atoms/
Connecting_Electronic_Configurations_to_the_Periodic_Table Linus Pauling
and Nature of the Chemical Bond
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/bond/index.html********
Evidence of Learning: Write an explanation, including diagrams and the use of

Coulomb's Law, to compare and contrast the distribution of electrons in two
elements either in the same family or the same period.
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assignment
 CH.3.07 - Determine types of bonding based on Coulomb’s Law and the position of
Week 10 - Week 10
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Determine types of bonding based on Coulomb’s Law and the position
of the elements on the periodic table.
Key Concepts:
 1. Chemical bonds.
 2. Inter-nuclear distance.
 4. Bond polarity.
 5. Dipole moments.
Skills: Application of Coulomb's Law
Essential Questions: How can like charges show any attraction?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl sections 8.1 - 8.3
Evidence of Learning: Draw the electrostatic potential map
Relations: ME.3.01; () ME.3.02; ()
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assignment
 CH.3.08 - Use Lewis diagrams and VSEPR to predict the geometry of molecules,
identify...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s): LO CH. 3.11 and LO CH. 3.12 are two sides of the same coin. The two LOs
should enable students to follow this learning arc: given two or more elements on the
Periodic Table, determine if the two elements will react, construct a Lewis diagram, use
VSEPR to predict shape of resulting molecule and predict properties of the compound
using knowledge of intermolecular forces.
Learning Outcome: Use Lewis diagrams and VSEPR to predict the geometry of molecules,
identify hybridization, and make predictions about polarity.
Key Concepts:
 1. Localized electron.
 2. Lewis structures.
 3. Exception to octet rule.
 4. Resonance.
 5. VSEPR.
 6. Hybrid orbitals.
Skills: 3-Dimensional modeling
Essential Questions: How can chemists predict molecular shape and polarity?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl sections 8.9 - 8.13 , 9.1 , 9.5;

Zumdahl Laboratory Handbook Experiment #23 University of California Davis
ChemWiki
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Molecular_Geometry/
VSEPR University of California Davis ChemWiki
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Theoretical_Chemistry/Chemical_Bonding/
Lewis_Theory_of_Bonding/Geometry_of_Molecules University of Wisconsin
department of chemistry
https://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/sstutorial/Text7/Tx73/tx73.html
Evidence of Learning: Experimentally use the VSEPR theory to predict the 3-

dimenional of some simple molecules.
Relations:
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assignment
 CH.3.09 - Describe, explain and represent the ways in which molecular

architecture...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s): LO CH. 3.11 and LO CH. 3.12 are two sides of the same coin. The two LOs
should enable students to follow this learning arc: given two or more elements on the
Periodic Table, determine if the two elements will react, construct a Lewis diagram, use
VSEPR to predict shape of resulting molecule and predict properties of the compound
using knowledge of intermolecular forces.
Learning Outcome: Describe, explain and represent the ways in which molecular

architecture relates to the properties of substances.
Key Concepts:
 1. Intermolecular bonds.
 2. Molecular and ionic crystals.
Skills: 1. 3-Dimensional modeling 2. Use of physical properties to determine
intermolecular bonding
Essential Questions: Why is molecular architecture important?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl sections 10.1-10.7
Evidence of Learning: Research on the internet ******* Topic(s) for this

research? Suggestions below ******* Chemguide
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/vdw.html Chem455
https://chem455.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/chem-45-june-29.pdf Master
organic Chemistry http://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2010/10/01/how-
intermolecular-forces-affect-boiling-points/ McGraw Hill
http://www.udel.edu/chem/sametz/101Fall09/ch12temp.pdf
Relations: ES.1.02; () PH.1.02; ()
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assignment
Solids, Liquids, and Solutions (2019)
folder
 CH.3.10 - Use his/her understanding of particle interaction in solutions to explain
Week 14 - Week 14
Comment(s): I have one additional LO in my notes for this unit. See following: Students will
be able to explain and visually represent the differences between solids, liquids and
amorphous solids. Did this LO refocus to just solutions?
Learning Outcome: Use his/her understanding of particle interaction in solutions to explain

and illustrate both quantitatively and visually colligative properties of solutions. Explain
and visually represent observations regarding the solubility of ionic solids and molecules
in water and other solvents on the basis of particle views that include intermolecular
interactions and entropic effects.
Key Concepts:
 1. Boiling point elevation.

 2. Freezing point depression.
 3. Osmotic pressure.
 4. Reverse osmosis.
 5. Colloids.
 6. Physical properties of solids and liquids as reflected by their inter particle
bonding (molecular or ionic)
Skills: 1. Measurement of phase change temperatures 2. Calculation of
molality 3. Visual representation of molecular level interactions during phase
changes and dissolving 4. Use of macro observational data to communicate
particulate level information. 5. Selection of appropriate tests to determine
bond type 6. Develop diagrams to explain particulate level phenomena
Essential Questions: How does water-based antifreeze work in sub-zero
environments? How are salt and sugar similar/different as solutes?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl sections 11.5-11.8; Zumdahl

Laboratory Handbook Experiment #28 How Stuff Works
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cooling-system3.htm Interactive Simulations -
Salt and Sugar https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sugar-and-salt-
solutions Colligative properties -
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/collig.html Colligative
properties -
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch15/colligative.php
Zumdahl Laboratory Handbook Experiment #27 PhET Interactive Simulations
- Salts and Solubility http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/soluble-salts
PhET Interactive Simulations - Sugar and Salt Solutions
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sugar-and-salt-solutions
Evidence of Learning: Experimentally determine the depression of the freezing

point of unknown substance in naphthalene will be used to calculate its molar
mass. Experimentally apply two common procedures applied to water
resources to test their fitness for human consumption will be examined: the
conc. of chloride ion and calcium ion present in water sample will be
determined.
Relations: ES.2.08; () BI.3.01; () BI.3.02; () BI.3.09; ()
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assignment
Rate of Chemical Reactions from Kinetics (2019)
folder
 CH.3.11 - Use his/her understanding to determine rate law of chemical reactions
by...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s): It is important for students to understand concepts related to the rates of chemical
reactions in order to understand the following LOs involving equilibrium and acids and bases.
Learning Outcome: Use his/her understanding to determine rate law of chemical reactions by

using kinetics and be able to apply factors affecting on the rate of chemical reactions
Key Concepts: Rate determining from kinetics, order molecularity: zero, 1st, and 2nd order from
data analysis,
Skills: 1. Reaction rates 2. Rate law 3. Determine the form of the rate law 4. Methods of initial
rates 5. Determine the rate of chemical reaction by monitoring: a. change of concentration of
reactant or product. b. volume of gas evolved c. change in PH d. change of weight of the
reactants.
Essential Questions: How does the rate of reaction depend on concentration?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Ch 12 sections 1-3 PhET Interactive Simulations -
Reactions and Rates http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/reactions-and-rates
Evidence of Learning: Zumdahl Laboratory Handbook Experiment #30
Relations: MA.3.01; () MA.3.05; () MA.3.09; ()
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assignment
Equilibrium (2019)
folder
 CH.3.12 - Describe a dynamic equilibrium and explain the effect of
concentration,...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s): This is an important unit. It should be viewed conceptually as a continuation of CH.

3.16. Many natural systems exist as equilibria and so this concept is central to interdisciplinary
understanding.
Learning Outcome: Describe a dynamic equilibrium and explain the effect of concentration,

pressure, surface area, temperature, and catalysts on the rates of the reaction in terms of
collisions between reacting particles.
Key Concepts:
 1. Reversible and irreversible reactions.

 2. Le Châtelier’s Principle.
 3. Equilibrium constants.
 4. Rate determining from kinetics.
Skills: Determine the change of equilibrium by changing the concentration,
pressure, temperature, or catalyst
Essential Questions: How does equilibrium impact in our daily life?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chemistry: ****needs page Ch. 13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jF6yOzZbws https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=mBTSwJnZ6Sk
http://exploration.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/TRCRocket/antacid2.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBTcz60CNtM PhET Interactive Simulations -
Reversible Reactions http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/reversible-reactions
Evidence of Learning: Quiz Homework Experiments Exit Ticket *****Specifically,

what should student do for each of these?*******
Relations: ME.3.01; (); ME.3.02; () ES.3.08; ()
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assignment
Acid Base Equilibrium (2019)
folder
 CH.3.13 - Know that acid and base equilibria are another form of equilibrium
reactions...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Know that acid and base equilibria are another form of equilibrium reactions
that deserve special mention.
Key Concepts:
 1. Define weak acids and weak bases in terms of equilibrium. Ka and Kb to

determine acid and base strength.
 2. Use Ka and Kb in acid/base equilibrium problems.
Skills: 1. Acid base equilibrium, Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common
Ion 2. Equilibrium Calculations 3. Buffered Solutions 4. Buffering: How Does It
Work? 5. Buffering Capacity Titrations and pH Curves 6. Strong Acid–Strong Base
Titrations Calculation of Ka and Kb 7. Acid–Base Indicators
Essential Questions: How do buffering solutions working in our body?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl CH 15 section 15.1-5 ********PhET

Interactive Simulations - Acids and Bases
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions*****
(http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Buffer/Buffer.html) , ocean
acidification (http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/climate/teachingclimate/
acid_base_chemistry_student.pdf)
Evidence of Learning: Guiding problems in Zumdahl ******* CH 15 section 15.1-

5******
Relations: PH.1.03; () BI.3.01; () BI.3.02; ()

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assignment
Electrochemistry (2019)
folder
 CH.3.14 - Describe redox reactions, Faraday's law, and relate their understanding
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s): Remembering that this course is cyclical, this LO returns to an examination of

chemical reactions and the mechanism that underlies them. The industrial applications are
important for several Grand Challenges
Learning Outcome: Describe redox reactions, Faraday's law, and relate their understanding to
different industrial application of electrolytic and galvanic cell also able to protect metals against
corrosion
Key Concepts:
 1. Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number.

 2. Faraday laws and Faraday constant.
 3. Standard e.m.f calculations.
 4. Differentiate between anode and cathode.
 5. Electroplating application.
Skills: 1. Balance redox half reactions 2. Dependence of cell potential and cell
concentration 3. The Nernst Equation, Ion selective electrodes, calculation of
equilibrium constants for redox reactions
Essential Questions: What industrial applications use electrochemistry? What is the
impact of corrosion on metal industries?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl Chapter 18

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AktF-vwTYo8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sZ8Z54E4WXI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DK0go1_u4Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm7gfKLzI7I *****PhET Interactive Simulations
- Faraday's Law http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law PhET
Interactive Simulations - Faraday's Electromagnetic Lab
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday****
Evidence of Learning:
Relations: MA.3.09; ()
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assignment
Organic (2019)
folder
 CH.3.15 - Distinguish practically between organic and inorganic compounds-
molecular...expand_morelink
Week 9 - Week 10
Comment(s): This LO provides an opportunity to integrate organic chemistry with other advanced

topics from biology and to create the basis for understanding advanced materials like polymers
and composites. It also allows students to review electron configurations, bonding and molecular
geometry.
Learning Outcome: Distinguish practically between organic and inorganic compounds- molecular

and structural formulas, different isomers, and IUPAC nomenclature. Experimentally determine
the carbon and hydrogen in organic material, and identify aromatic compounds.
Key Concepts:
 1. Isomers (geometric and optical).

 2. Simple preparation of methane (dry distillation of sodium acetate).
 3. Reactions of hydrocarbons:
 a. combustion in limited and excess amount of oxygen for
hydrocarbons.
 b. halogenation of alkane and alkene by free radical mechanism
(Methane and propane).
 c. catalytic hydration of alkene.
 d. addition of HX (alkene only).
 e. polymerization of ethylene.
 f. catalytic hydration of alkyne.
 g. polymerization- dimerization, aromaticity, and benzene structure.
 h. preparation of aromatic benzene (from acetylene –hexane).
 4. Reactions of Benzene:
 a. mono substituted benzene.
 b. di-substituted benzene.
 5. Distinguish practically between Ethane, Ethylene and Acetylene.
Skills: 1. Model organic molecules 2. Set up the apparatus used in preparing
methane (i.e. dry distillation 3. Choose a suitable catalyst for the catalytic hydration
reaction
Essential Questions: What do detergents, proteins and digestion have in common?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Zumdahl – Ch: 22- Section 22.1 to 22.4 8th Ed.
Organic Chemistry, L.G.WADE JR. 4th Ed. Chemistry, McMurry Fay 2nd Ed. IB
National Chemistry Book Organic Chemistry for JEE/ISEEET Dr. K. S. Verma
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7z0P7yRFZk https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pMoA65Dj-zk&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bmjg7lq4m4o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yeVMd_Iy1k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZpzvG9A6OM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5ZK6nPPAbo
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry
Evidence of Learning: 5 presentations exit ticket ???????

Relations: BI.3.02; () BI.3.07; () BI.3.09; ()
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assignment
 CH.3.16 - Connect functional groups with chemical and physical properties of

organic...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s): This LO exposes students to the diversity of organic structures via a study of

functional groups. Many of the functional groups are associated with various classes of organic
compounds which students will need to understand.
Learning Outcome: Connect functional groups with chemical and physical properties of organic
compounds. Identify and describe aliphatic alcohols and will be able to prepare them and test for
their presence. Conduct research on their industrial applications.
Key Concepts:
 1. Nomenclature.
 2. Classification of alcohols according to the functional group, and according to
carbonyl group.
 3. Prepare experimentally by fermentation.
 4. Preparation theoretically from alkanes and alkyl halides.
 5. Oxidation reactions to determine the presence of ethanol.
 6. Industrial application of:
 a. methanol.
 b. ethanol.
 c. glycerol.
 d. ethylene glycol.
 7. Differentiate between phenols and methanol by using NaOH.
Skills: Students will go to the University to learn the detection of functional groups
by spectral analysis.
Essential Questions: How can rice straw be converted from an environmental
disaster to an economic value?
Textbook and Resource Materials: 8th Ed. Organic Chemistry, L.G. WADE JR. 4th
Ed. Chemistry, McMURRY FAY 2nd Ed. IB National Chemistry Book Organic
Chemistry for JEE/ISEEET Dr. K. S. Verma
Evidence of Learning: 5 presentations exit ticket

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assignment
 CH.3.17 - Study esters and will be able to prepare esters, determine their
presence....expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s): Since there are such a wider variety of esters and since many of these are or have
been important in Egyptian culture and commerce, the selection of this topic to complete the
organic chemistry section is very appropriate.
Learning Outcome: Study esters and will be able to prepare esters, determine their presence.
Conduct research on their industrial application.
Key Concepts:
 1. Nomenclature according to the origin.

 2. Preparation of aspirin.
 3. Reactions:
 a. acidic hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.
 b. alkaline hydrolysis- preparation of saponification.
 4. Application of esters in perfumes and food industry.
Skills: Students will produce an ester in the laboratory, write the formula and
structure and create a three-dimensional model of the molecules.
Essential Questions: How are flavors, food, oils, polymers, fabrics, plastics related
and what do they have to do with Egyptian industry?
Textbook and Resource Materials: 8th Ed. Organic Chemistry, L.G.WADE JR. 4th
Ed. Chemistry, McMURRY FAY 2nd Ed. IB National Chemistry Book Organic
Chemistry for JEE/ISEEET Dr. K. S. Verma ChemGuide - Esters
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/esters/background.html American
Chemical Society - Flavor chemists http://cenblog.org/just-another-electron-
pusher/2011/12/flavor-chemistry-the-science-of-deliciousness/ YouTube - Aspirin
synthesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4NMpO1xI8U Pharmaceutical
Journal - History of Aspirin Timeline
http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/publications/previous-issues/cp-september-
2014/a-history-of-aspirin/20066661.article Chemical Heritage Foundation -
Discovery of Aspirin
http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/
themes/pharmaceuticals/relieving-symptoms/hoffmann.aspx
Evidence of Learning: Write a paper describing the role of esters in Egyptian

industry.
Relations:
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assignment
Geology Grade 1
Introduction to Geology and Its Branches (2019)
 ES.1.01 - Deduce the interrelationships between the different branches of earth

science...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 01
Comment(s):
This is an opportunity to introduce the idea of Earth Science as a course since it is not normally
taught as a separate course in Egyptian traditional schools. It underlies all of the Grand
Challenges which serve as the basis for the STEM schools, so it is very important to us. In this
first class the teacher can pre-assess what students have learned about the branches of Earth
Science and can have a discussion which will provide an overview to the course in Grades 1, 2
and 3.This class period would just be a pre-assessment and an overview for the new students
because a deep understanding of this LO can only arise out of student work in grades 1, 2, and
3.
Learning Outcome: Deduce the interrelationships between the different branches of earth science
and the integration of geology within other sciences
Key Concepts: The contribution of geology to the different domains in our lives

Skills: Writing
Essential Questions: What in our lives is not geology?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What in our lives is not geology?
Evidence of Learning: Concept map showing different geology branches and how they are
related
Capstone Connection: Geology impacts dwelling designs; understand the impact of geology and
the varied dwellings
Relations:
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-ES1.01 (HSST-ES1.01)
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assignment
Earth Materials (2019)
 ES.1.02 - Examine common minerals and identify them and differentiate them from
other...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 04
Comment(s):
The LO was modified to refer to student abilities rather than to instructional practices. Although
crystal systems are present in every geology textbook, they are not appropriately treated at the
high school level and they are not relevant to Grand Challenges.
Learning Outcome: Examine common minerals and identify them and differentiate them from
other common minerals.
Key Concepts:
 1. Minerals are homogeneous solid earth materials.

 2. Minerals have distinct physical properties that enable them to be distinguished
from one another.
 3. For most common minerals, the most useful properties for hand sample
identification include hardness, cleavage or fracture patterns, translucency, and
color.
 4. Metallic minerals are uncommon, but economically important.
 5. For metallic minerals, the additional properties of streak and magnetism are
useful for hand sample identification.
 6. Completely unambiguous identification of minerals often requires sophisticated
laboratory analysis.
 7. Some construction materials are highly refined from the original Earth material,
while others are used in the original state.
Skills: Writing
Essential Questions: What are the rocks I see around me made of?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What are the rocks I see around me made of?
Evidence of Learning: Students can reliably identify quartz, calcite, feldspar, mica,

amphibole, pyroxene, olivine and clay in rock samples as well as in laboratory
mineral samples. Students can reliably identify magnetite, pyrite, hematite,
chalcopyrite, and native copper and sulfur in laboratory mineral specimens.
Students produce and use a reliable and accurate dichotomous key for identifying
these minerals.
Capstone Connection: Knowledge of properties of building materials will be helpful

in the design of a building
Relations: CH.1.02; CH.1.09; CH.1.12; CH.1.13; PH.1.01; PH.1.09; ME.1.03

MA.1.03; BI.1.02
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-ES.1.02 (HSST-ES.1.02)
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assignment
Egyptian Building Materials (2019)
 ES.1.03 - Analyze and identify the earth materials that are used as a resource
for...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 05
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Analyze and identify the earth materials that are used as a resource for
modern building and integrate design criteria and material properties in choosing materials for
engineering design.
Key Concepts: Different Earth materials and different manufactured materials have different
engineering properties, such as their behavior under stress, making them suitable for different
uses in construction.
Skills: Vocabulary Structure
Essential Questions: How can we use earth materials effectively and efficiently in building
construction?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can we use earth materials effectively and efficiently in
building construction?
Evidence of Learning: -Clearly identify the benefits and drawbacks of a variety of different

construction materials for use in Egypt. -Make and defend a proposal for building materials to be
used in safe, energy-efficient, cost-efficient housing development in Egypt. -Identify differences in
building materials that might be necessary in coastal versus interior locations in Egypt.
Capstone Connection: Connects to question of building energy efficient structure
Relations:
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assignment
Earth Materials (part 2) (2019)
 ES.1.04 - Examine and interpret the textural and compositional characteristics

Week 06 - Week 08
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Examine and interpret the textural and compositional characteristics of

igneous rocks and interpret igneous rock textures and mineral composition.
Key Concepts:
 1. Rocks are heterogeneous mixtures of minerals and (rarely) other earth materials.
 2. Igneous rocks cooled from melts are found in association with volcanoes and
also as rocks that cooled underground.
 3. Different cooling histories produce different igneous textures.
 4. Differences in magma composition and eruption location create differences in
eruption explosivity that affect volcanic rock textures.
Skills: Vocabulary Structure
Essential Questions: What role does Geology play in meeting Egypt's Grand
Challenges?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What role does Geology play in meeting Egypt's
Grand Challenges?
Evidence of Learning: Successfully differentiate between intrusive and volcanic

rocks in hand samples or in outcrops. Successfully interpret cooling history from a
hand specimen or outcrop observations. Successfully identify and differentiate
granite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite in hand specimens. Successfully identify
rhyolite, andesite, and basalt based on silica composition. Successfully interpret
eruption explosivity from igneous rock hand sample or silica composition
Successfully locate igneous rocks on a geologic map of Egypt.
Capstone Connection: Knowledge of the properties of rock types will help making

decisions about building materials
Relations: CH.1.02; CH.1.05; CH.1.09; PH.1.01; PH.1.09; MA.1.03
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assignment

Week 09 - Week 10
Comment(s):

sedimentary rocks and interpret sedimentary rock textures, mineral composition and depositional
environments.
Key Concepts:
 1. Sedimentary rocks that accumulate from particles can be formed in a wide range
of environments on Earth's surface.
 2. Some sedimentary rocks form from particles of older rocks that are removed from
their original location and deposited in a new one.
 3. The environment of deposition and the source material both contribute to
differences in texture and composition among these sedimentary rocks.
 4. Some sedimentary rocks are made of particles from once living organisms.
 5. The types of organisms determine much about the texture and mineral
composition of such rocks. Such rocks are often only deposited under special
conditions.
 6. Sedimentary rocks often contain pore spaces that make them important
reservoirs of fluids in the upper part of Earth's crust.
 7. Sedimentary rocks sometimes contain organic material that may become part of
Earth's energy resources.
 8. Limestone and cement materials derived from limestone are essential Egyptian
building resources due both to their abundance and to the lack of alternative
building materials.
Skills: 1. Identifying and differentiating sedimentary rocks. 2. Using hand specimen
and microscopic scale features to classify different types of sedimentary rocks. 3.
Using sedimentary textures to interpret depositional environment. 4. Interpreting
geological maps that describe the geology of Egypt.
Essential Questions: What is the history told by sedimentary rocks in Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the history told by sedimentary rocks in

Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: A) Successfully identifying and differentiating among

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and chert in hand specimens
and outcrops. B) Successfully interpreting the depositional environment of
sedimentary rocks from evidence in hand specimens or outcrops C) Successfully
locating sedimentary rocks on a geologic map of Egypt
Capstone Connection: building materials
Relations: CH.1.02; CH.1.05; CH.1.09; PH.1.01; PH.1.09; ME.1.03
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assignment

Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):

metamorphic rocks and interpret textures and factors that affect metamorphic processes.
Key Concepts:
 1. Changes in temperature, pressure, or composition in Earth's subsurface can

change the texture and mineral composition of pre-existing rocks, creating
metamorphic rocks.
 2. Deformation during metamorphism produces foliated textures and may destroy
original textures.
 3. Deformation (change in shape) and stresses (distribution of forces) are related,
but maximum deformation and maximum stress are not always parallel.
 4. The metamorphic texture and mineralogy observed in metamorphic rocks are
most commonly related to the conditions when the rock experienced its maximum
temperature.
Skills: 1. Identifying and differentiating slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, hornfels,
marble, and quartzite in hand specimens and outcrops according to texture and
mineral composition. 2. Using microscopic scale features to interpret and classify
different types of metamorphic rocks. 3. Using metamorphic rock texture to infer the
presence or absence of deformation at the time of metamorphism 4. Interpreting
geological maps that describe the geology of Egypt.
Essential Questions: What do metamorphic rocks reveal about the geologic history
of Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What do metamorphic rocks reveal about the

geologic history of Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: A) Successfully identify and differentiate among slate,

phyllite, schist, gneiss, hornfels, marble, or quartzite in hand specimen and outcrop.
B) Successfully identify the presence of foliation in hand sample and interpret
foliation as a product of deformation. C) Successfully locate metamorphic rocks on
a geologic map of Egypt.
Capstone Connection: Building materials
Relations: CH.1.02; CH.1.05; CH.1.09; PH.1.01; PH.1.09
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assignment
 ES.1.07 - Interpret the relationships among sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

rocks...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Interpret the relationships among sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

rocks in terms of Earth processes and the rock cycle and use their understanding of the rock
cycle to explain the Egyptian cross section.
Key Concepts:
 1. The rock cycle is a group of processes that act on the different types of rocks and
change rocks from one form to another over geologic time.
 2. Rock composition and texture provides evidence that can be interpreted to yield
a geologic history.
 3. Most of the current surface rocks of Egypt record sedimentary deposition, but
there is also evidence of igneous and metamorphic processes in the past.
Skills: 1. Interpreting rock types and textures in terms of the rock cycle. 2.
Integrating interpretations of process into a geologic history. 3. Interpreting cross
sections to study the age relationships of different rock units. 4. Interpreting
different geological maps that show outcrops of different rocks of Egypt.
Essential Questions: What is the geologic history of Egypt and surrounding areas?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the geologic history of Egypt and

surrounding areas?
Evidence of Learning: Successfully identify rock cycle processes from hand

specimens, outcrops, or geologic map or cross section evidence. Successfully
interpret cross sections or maps to infer a geologic history. Successfully identify
important rock cycle processes in the geologic history of Egypt. Successfully
identify modern examples of rock cycle processes in Egypt.
Capstone Connection: Apply understanding of the rock cycle to enable identifying a

location for the dwelling and building materials
Relations: BI.1.13
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assignment
Earth's Natural Resources - Energy (2019)
folder
 ES.1.08 - Analyze and identify common ore minerals that are used as a resource
for...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Analyze and identify common ore minerals that are used as a resource for
modern industries.
Key Concepts:
 1. Different earth materials and ore minerals have different chemical, physical and
engineering properties making them suitable for different economic industries.
 2. Common ore minerals include both relatively oxidized ( some oxides, hydroxides,
carbonates) and relatively reduced (some oxides, sulfides) compounds of metals as
well as native elements.
 3. Ore minerals must become concentrated by some geologic process to produce
an economic mineral deposit. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes
can all produce ore deposits.
 4. Modern electronics technologies require new materials, such as rare earth
elements, that must also be extracted from earth materials, creating new ores and
new industries.
Skills: 1. Identify and discriminate among common Fe-ores (magnetite, hematite,
pyrite), common Cu-ores (chalcopyrite, malachite, native Cu), Pb-ores (sphalerite,
galena), and precious metals (native Au and native Ag) as well as other important
Egyptian ore minerals. 2. Interpret geologic processes from textural evidence in ore
deposit hand samples or outcrops. 3. Identify and use different tools to measure
physical properties of minerals. 4. Using microscopic scale features to interpret and
classify different types of ore minerals. 5. Use different geologic maps that show
occurrences of ore minerals in Egypt.
Essential Questions: What is the relationship between ore minerals an Egyptian
history?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the relationship between ore minerals

an Egyptian history?
Evidence of Learning: Successfully identify and differentiate common ore minerals

in hand samples. Successfully connect different types of metals and their ores to
different uses (e.g. Cu for piping in construction and for wires in electronics and
consumer goods, Fe in automobiles, construction, appliances, etc) Know and
describe important historical and modern ore deposits in Egypt. Know and describe
important global sources of commonly used metal ores (e.g Cu from Chile and
western US, rare earth elements from China, etc.)
Capstone Connection: Application of knowledge and understanding the different

earth materials and ore applies to possible alternative energy designs and materials
to use
Relations: CH.1.11; CH.1.14; BI.1.13
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assignment
 ES.1.09 - Compare and contrast the different resources used by different countries
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the different resources used by different countries to
meet their energy needs.
Key Concepts: Electrical energy and transportation fuels come from a variety of natural
resources.
Skills: 1. Use the statistical studies to analyze the data for different energy resources in Egypt
and calculate the future needs as a function of the exponential growth of population. 2. Compare
the use of energy resources for electricity generation in Egypt to those used in other countries
using different statistical charts and visualization figures. 3. Students will conduct an analysis of
the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the Aswan High Dam and explore the potential
of tidal generation. 4. Arrange the energy resources according to different factors (current and
future availability, current and future needs, cost of production..., etc.).
Essential Questions: What are energy resources?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What are energy resources?
Evidence of Learning: Describe different energy resources available in Egypt
Capstone Connection: This relates directly to the Capstone which is about designing alternative
energy systems.
Relations: MA.1.08; MA.1.01; BI.1.14
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assignment
 ES.1.10 - Evaluate potential renewable energy sources in Egypt to replace

dependence...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Evaluate potential renewable energy sources in Egypt to replace dependence

upon fossil fuels.
Key Concepts:
 1. Electrical energy and transportation fuels come from a variety of natural

resources.
 2. Directly capturing the sun's energy through solar panels or wind energy through
turbines, is a renewable way to provide heat, hot water, and electricity.
 3. Electrical energy could be generated by hydroelectric - from dams or by tidal
movement of water.
Skills: 1. Investigate the use of solar energy by constructing a solar water heater
and determining its maximum energy output. 2. Investigate the use of wind energy
by constructing an anemometer to measure wind speeds and calculating how much
power can be generated by wind.
Essential Questions: What resources could be developed in Egypt to provide more
sources of energy?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What resources could be developed in Egypt to

provide more sources of energy?
Evidence of Learning: The efficiency of the solar water heater The precision of

measurement of the anemometer and calculations of wind generated power
Capstone Connection: This relates directly to the Capstone which is about

designing alternative energy systems.
Relations: CH.1.05; PH.1.10
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assignment
 ES.1.11 - Recognize the processes by which fossil fuels (coal) are extracted
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Recognize the processes by which fossil fuels (coal) are extracted and
processed for human use.
Key Concepts:
 1. Coal is a source of trapped energy from the sun, accessible by mining, with
extensive reserves.
 2. Reserves of coal are limited and are distributed in unequal ways, geographically.
 3. Impact of the use of coal on the environment
Skills: 1. Examine coal samples to understand the physical properties of different
types of coal. 2. Read and interpret different maps that show the distribution of coal
in Egypt. 3. Use data on trends of different fossil fuels production and consumption
to extrapolate into the future.
Essential Questions: How does nature store energy?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does nature store energy?
Evidence of Learning: Understanding and Applying questions
Capstone Connection: Apply knowledge and information to alternative energy

Capstone Challenge
Relations: MA.1.08
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assignment
 ES.1.12 - Recognize the processes by which fossil fuels (petroleum and natural gas)
are...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Recognize the processes by which fossil fuels (petroleum and natural gas)
are extracted and processed for human use.
Key Concepts:
 1. Petroleum and natural gas are fluid resources that accumulate in natural
reservoirs and can be extracted by drilling.
 2. Reserves of petroleum and natural gas are limited and are distributed in unequal
ways, geographically.
Skills: 1. Examine Petroleum samples to understand the chemical and physical
properties of different types of Petroleum. 2. Read and interpret different maps that
show the distribution of fossil fuels (Petroleum and Natural gas) in Egypt. 3. Design
investigations to explore the porosity and permeability of rock bodies and to
consider how these factors affect the volume and rate of production in oil and gas
fields. 4. Use data on trends in different fossil fuels production and consumption to
extrapolate into the future. 5. Explore new methods to decrease significantly our
dependence on the use of fossil fuels.
Essential Questions: How does nature store energy?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does nature store energy?
Evidence of Learning: Understanding and Applying questions
Capstone Connection: Apply knowledge and information to alternative energy

Capstone Challenge
Relations: MA.1.08
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assignment
 ES.1.13 - Evaluate environmental impacts of fossil fuel resource use and

suggest...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Evaluate environmental impacts of fossil fuel resource use and suggest
innovative alternatives.
Key Concepts: Burning fossil fuels to extract energy has a number of environmental effects one
of which is acid rain
Skills: 1. Examine maps that show the acidity of rainfall across Egypt and correlate the pattern of
rainwater pH to the distribution of fossil fuel producing and consuming regions. 2. Examine the
effect of the acidity of water on different rock units. 3. Explore new methods to decrease
significantly the environmental impact as a result of using the fossil fuel.
Essential Questions: What is pollution?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is pollution?
Evidence of Learning: Analysis questions
Capstone Connection: Apply knowledge and information to alternative energy Capstone

Challenge
Relations:
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assignment
Geology Grade 2
Water (2019)
 ES.2.01 - Analyze how the unusual properties of water contribute to its

pathways...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Analyze how the unusual properties of water contribute to its pathways
through earth's systems.
Key Concepts:
 1. The abundance of liquid water on Earth’s surface and its unique combination of
physical and chemical properties are central to the planet’s dynamics.
 2. These properties include water’s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and
release large amounts of energy, transmit sunlight, expand upon freezing, dissolve
and transport materials, and lower the viscosities and melting points of rocks.
 3. The oceans contain 97 percent of Earth’s water. This means that only three
percent of Earth’s water is fresh water. Fresh water is an important resource for
many purposes. Most fresh water is locked up and frozen in ice caps and glaciers
at high latitudes and altitudes.
Skills: 1. Measure and calculate different physical properties of water 2. Use models
to understand how water is distributed in various reservoirs on Earth. 3. Set up a
simple experiment to model the flow of surface and underground water between
reservoirs. 4. Measure, calculate and manage the water supply in an area and
represent the data using tables, graphs and 3D diagrams 5. Students will analyze
how different environmental changes would impact the water cycle and availability
of water in Egypt.
Essential Questions: How does water determine the nature of Earth?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does water determine the nature of Earth?
Evidence of Learning: -Students will be able to diagram the water cycle, explain the
different parts of it and factors that affect it. Student will conduct and interpret
experiments modelling water flow Student will create a water supply management
plan (simplified) that demonstrated their understanding of sources and sinks for
fresh water
Capstone Connection: This directly informs and connects the Capstone which is

about water, its chemical and physical properties, and the challenge of how to
supply clean water to communities. Apply knowledge and information to the
Capstone Challenge of making potable water
Relations: MA.1.01; PH.1.03; PH.1.06; CH.1.01
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assignment
 ES.2.02 - Model factors which affect water reservoirs and associated costs.
expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Model factors which affect water reservoirs and associated costs.
Key Concepts: Water is a vital earth resource that flows through the Earth system and can be
stored in natural or human constructed reservoirs, either on the surface, or as groundwater.
Skills: 1. Model factors which affect water stored on the surface and in groundwater reservoirs. 2.
Collect data about the water use different areas, compare them and measure domestic water
use. 3. Determine the amount of water used for different purposes (industry, irrigation,
drinking…). 4. Collect and interpret water analysis data for different surface and subsurface
samples
Essential Questions: How does water determine the nature of communities?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does water determine the nature of communities?
Evidence of Learning: Students will prepare a PowerPoint Presentation with an analysis of fresh

water resources in Egypt and their uses.
Capstone Connection: Apply knowledge and information to the Capstone Challenge of making

potable water
Relations: BI.1.03
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assignment
 ES.2.03 - Investigate human and natural factors that control water resources
Week 05 - Week 05
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Investigate human and natural factors that control water resources and
options for water conservation.
Key Concepts:
 1. Many processes transfer water between stores.

 2. Most water supplies are withdrawn from either surface water or groundwater.
 3. Water management methods attempt to distribute freshwater resources more
evenly through the use of dams, aqueducts, and wells.
Skills: Use the collected and available data sets to explore different methods to
conserve water.
Essential Questions: How does the availability of fresh water impact local areas?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does the availability of fresh water impact
local areas?
Evidence of Learning: Students will describe a way to conserve water and will

explain what factors need to be put into place in order for this method to work
Capstone Connection: Apply knowledge and information to the Capstone Challenge

of making potable water
Relations: CH.1.01
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assignment
 ES.2.04 - Create innovative methods to supply fresh water to areas of Egypt by

applying...expand_morelink
Week 06 - Week 07
Comment(s):
This is in direct alignment with the Capstones and occurs early enough in the semester to
genuinely support students in their Capstone work!
Learning Outcome: Create innovative methods to supply fresh water to areas of Egypt by

applying the knowledge of the movement of pollutants in to aquifer and water treatment methods.
Key Concepts:
 1. Pollutants released into the environment can contaminate both surface water and
groundwater supplies.
 2. Surface water generally has more varied pollutants.
 3. Many kinds of substances can pollute water. Most of these fall into one of two
categories: organic or inorganic.
 4. Evaporation, condensation and bacterial activities are naturally occurring
processes of water purification.
 5. Waste water treatment involves a series of steps which can vary by locality.
Skills: 1. Investigate the vulnerability of water resources to pollution by both human
use and natural cycles or processes. 2. Construct models of water-treatment
processes. 3. Construct a groundwater model to infer how pollutants reach the
groundwater table and move with groundwater flow. 4. Investigate how extracting
water from a groundwater well influences the movement of pollution in groundwater.
Essential Questions: How can water pollution problems be solved in Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can water pollution problems be solved in
Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: Students will describe a variety of ways of controlling water

pollutants.

Relations: CH.1.02; BI.1.03
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assignment
Surface Processes (2019)
 ES.2.05 - Interpret topographic maps of river systems to create a definition of a...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 09
Comment(s):
I removed Section 1 Chap 4 from resources because it was used for Learning Outcome 2.01.
Students will know the water cycle at this point so focused on the stream system.
Learning Outcome: Interpret topographic maps of river systems to create a definition of a

drainage basin.
Key Concepts:
 1. A river system is a network of streams. River systems are important in the

hydrologic cycle.
 2. River systems are made up of different parts with differing forms and functions.
 3. Regionally these local stream networks create a drainage basin.
Skills: 1. Identify factors affecting stream drainage which lead to landforms 2. Make
inferences using topographic maps and satellite images 3. Identify how the form of
a part of the river system aligns with its function (structure and function within
systems)
Essential Questions: How does water interact with landforms?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does water interact with landforms?
Evidence of Learning: Students will create their own definition of a drainage basin

Students will identify a drainage basin and drainage divides on a topographic map
Students will predict the effect of slope of rivers on river velocity and on landforms
and explain their reasoning.

Relations:
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assignment
 ES.2.06 - Infer how the features of a river system in Egypt has affected the lives
Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s):
This learning outcome was broadened to serve as closure for the river system section.
Learning Outcome: Infer how the features of a river system in Egypt has affected the lives of local
residents.
Key Concepts:
 1. Rivers are most effective in causing erosion and deposition of land.

 2. High and Low gradient streams have very different features.
Skills: 1. Calculate and measure the slope of a river and its effect on water velocity.
2. Interpret the effect of river velocity on the shape and size of sediments. 3.
Construct a model of a high gradient stream. 4. Identify and interpret stream
channel forms and features on a topographic map, aerial photograph, or satellite
image.
Essential Questions: What affects river flow change and how does that affect
communities?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What affects river flow change and how does
that affect communities?
Evidence of Learning: Students will identify and explain the difference between

sediments according to their sizes. Quality of stream model that was created.

Relations: ME.1.03
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assignment
 ES.2.07 - Explore factors which affect the movement and deposition of loose
sediments...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):
This is an important opportunity for students to create their own experiments and engage in
experimental design.
Learning Outcome: Explore factors which affect the movement and deposition of loose sediments
by wind.
Key Concepts:
 1. Wind is one of the major factors that creates the physical properties of land forms
and human-made features.
 2. Particle size and wind speed are related.
 3. Several factors affect wind erosion and sediment deposition.
Skills: 1. Interpret the effect of wind on rocks and loose sediments. 2. Recognize
the deposition effect of wind. 3. Create an experiment using good experimental
design techniques.
Essential Questions: What is the role of wind-blown materials in the geology and
environment of Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the role of wind-blown materials in the

geology and environment of Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: Describe the role of wind in erosion and deposition and relate
to development in arid areas.
Relations: ME.1.04
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assignment
 ES.2.08 - Identify and explain the basic physical properties of soils by

recognizing...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
Naming the many different types of soils would be overly complex for a high school student to
learn in two classes. They will be better served by learning the three main components of soils
(rock fragments, clays, and organic matter) and the idea that soil properties are controlled by the
relative amounts of those three components. This is also an excellent opportunity to explore
compost and relate geologic materials and processes to biological materials and processes of
decomposition –
Learning Outcome: Identify and explain the basic physical properties of soils by recognizing the
major components of it.
Key Concepts:
 1. Soils are the last product of different erosional and depositional factors
 2. Soils generally contain rock and mineral fragments, clays, and organic matter in
varying proportions
 3. The proportions of these components determin many of the physical properties of
soils
 4. In arid regions, the interplay of precipitation and evaporation can create special
soil conditions (i.e. caliche, salinized soil).
Skills: 1. Identify different components of soil 2. Identify basic properties of soil and
the relationship of those properties to the proportion of soil components.
Essential Questions: Where does soil come from and what is the importance of soil
in our lives?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Where does soil come from and what is the
importance of soil in our lives?
Evidence of Learning: In groups students will prepare an information brochure

explaining the value of soil and the need to protect soil in Egypt.

Relations: ME.1.03
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assignment
Earth System Evolution (2019)
folder
 ES.2.09 - Explain the geologic development of the earth's crust, especially the...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02 add 1 week
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain the geologic development of the earth's crust, especially the
continental crust of Africa and the Middle East.
Key Concepts:
 1. The evolution of Earth’s spheres is a story of mega-scale systems that depend

on one another.
 2. Systems thinking provides a good approach is to apply systems thinking to
different stages in the planet’s evolution.
 3. The geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere have been interacting
for billions of years.
 4. Earth began as a molten mass of rock and dissolved gases. The history of Earth,
after it's early assembly and melting, is one marked by progressive chemical
segregation and distillation of solid, Liquid, and gaseous components.
 5. The young Earth formed as a proto-planet. At that time it was a much simpler
system than it is today; however, Its mass was large enough for gravity to hold an
atmosphere with certain gases to its surface.
 6. The magnetic field of the earth created by the inner and outer cores is strong
enough to deflect the solar wind. Without this shield, Earth’s atmosphere would be
slowly eroded and lost into space.
Skills: 1. Examine and interpret the maps of Earth’s geologic provinces and their
ages. 2. Apply the definitions and concepts to determine different geologic
provinces of the North African belt, and other regions of the planet. 3. Draw maps
and cross sections and construct models that describe the geological evolution of
Egypt. 4. Use different geologic evidences (surface and subsurface), cross sections
and maps to interpret and recognize the geologic history of Egypt.
Essential Questions: How have Earth's land, water, and air changed over time?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How have Earth's land, water, and air changed
over time?
Evidence of Learning: Students will describe current thinking on the origins of the

geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Students will illustrate the geologic
history of Egypt and northern Africa with maps and cross sections
Relations: PH.1.10; ME.1.06; BI.1.08; BI.1.10
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assignment
 ES.2.10 - Explain the evolution of Earth's fluid spheres and their changes...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain the evolution of Earth's fluid spheres and their changes
geographically through the geologic time.
Key Concepts:
 1. The process of outgassing from Earth’s cooling interior created a primitive

atmosphere with a reducing composition that was completely different than today.
 2. The evolution of photosynthetic life caused a dramatic shift in air and water
chemistry, leading to our present, oxidizing world.
 3. Surface temperatures on Earth are just right for water to exist as a liquid. A much
hotter Earth would restrict water to a vapor state. A colder planet would remain in a
deep freeze.
 4. At times in the past, Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere have been much
warmer (hothouse Earth) and at times they have been much cooler (snowball
Earth), but over millions of years, feedback mechanisms have returned the
temperatures to more livable ranges.
Skills: 1. Design an experiment that collects a gas dissolved in a liquid and model
the process of outgassing. 2. Examine the relation of pressure/temperature
conditions to the different phases of water. 3. Interpret geologic evidence of past
temperature variations.
Essential Questions: How have Earth's water, and air changed over time?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How have Earth's water, and air changed over
time?
Evidence of Learning: Students correctly describe the origin of atmosphere and

hydrosphere. Students successfully design and test a demonstration model of
outgassing Students correctly describe large scale feedback mechanisms that help
regulate the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere
Relations: BI.1.14
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assignment
 ES.2.11 - Explain the evolution and changes in life over time on Earth and the...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 05
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain the evolution and changes in life over time on Earth and the
interaction of those changes with the Earth's spheres.
Key Concepts:
 1. Life evolved very early in Earth's history and the original life on earth involved
very simple unicellular organisms.
 2. The building blocks of life were derived from the nebular disk that formed all the
planets in the solar system.
Skills: 1. Design an experiment or build a model to explore the origin and evolution
of life and its changes through geologic time. 2. Use real rock samples, fossils and
pictures to interpret the origin of life on the Earth. 3. Analyze, interpret and draw
conclusions using chemical data sets of rock samples.
Essential Questions: How has life evolved and changed over time?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How has life evolved and changed over time?
Evidence of Learning: Students will be able to describe the origin of biosphere and

its relation with atmosphere.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.2.12 - Apply different methods and principles of relative and absolute age dating
Week 06 - Week 07
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Apply different methods and principles of relative and absolute age dating of
different rock units and geologic formations to explain geologic history.
Key Concepts: A variety of lines of evidence point to an age for Earth of 4.6x10^9 years.
Skills: 1. Calculate the absolute ages of different rock samples using equations and given data. 2.
Explore the Laws of relative age dating. 3. Solve the problems of relative and absolute age
dating. Interpret the geological models and cross sections in order to relative and absolute dates
of processes and formations. 4. Arrange the geologic events and rock units according to their
relative ages by applying some geological principles and keys
Essential Questions: How has Earth's life changed over time?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How has Earth's life changed over time?
Evidence of Learning: Students will construct a geologic timescale.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.2.13 - Analyze the development and structure of the Geological Time Scale.
expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 09
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and structure of the Geological Time Scale.
Key Concepts: Geologic time is subdivided into Eras and Periods (and many smaller
subdivisions; for this course, those subdivisions should not be taught, except for the Epochs of
the Tertiary, which are directly relevant to Egyptian geology) by the appearance or
disappearance of major groups of living organisms. Thus, the boundaries between Periods or
Eras represent major events in the history of Earth and life.
Skills: Create simplified models of the geologic time scale using major events that have occurred
through geologic time.
Essential Questions: How has Earth's life changed over time?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How has Earth's life changed over time?
Evidence of Learning: Students will be able to identify the biggest events in the history of life on
earth, those that define Eons, and Eras (i.e Cambrian explosion, dinosaur extinction, etc.)
Students will describe the difference between Eon, Eras, Periods and Epochs. Students will
correctly place the rocks of Egypt onto a geologic time scale.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.2.14 - Use fossil evidence to understand changes in the environment of Egypt

over...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 11 decrease 1 week
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Use fossil evidence to understand changes in the environment of Egypt over
time as well as changes in the nature of life over time.
Key Concepts:
 1. Remnants of ancient life are preserved in sedimentary rocks (and sometimes

metamorphic rocks) as fossils.
 2. Fossilization and types of fosils.
 3. Fossils and other lines of evidence show that life on earth has evolved over time,
with existing organisms undergoing changes that cause the branching of new
species.
Skills: 1. Collect different types of fossils and rock samples to use them to interpret
the paleoenvironmental conditions of an area 2. Organize a fossil collection by
geologic Period
Essential Questions: What can we learn from fossils?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What can we learn from fossils?
Evidence of Learning: Students will describe fossil as an evidence of evolution.

Students will collect and curate fossils and interpret geologic history from those
fossils (If field trips are not possible, teachers should supply samples and a map of
locations)
Relations: BI.1.10
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assignment
 ES.2.15 - Investigate the lines of evidence and hypotheses about the K-T
boundary...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 12
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Investigate the lines of evidence and hypotheses about the K-T boundary
extinction and understand the global implication of an asteroid impact (including a K-T boundary
section at Wadi Qena).
Key Concepts:
 1. Several major changes in Earth’s climate have affected organisms throughout

geologic time. Severe ecological disruptions alter the history of life, resulting in
extinction followed by the evolution and appearance of new organisms.
 2. As new species appear and old species go extinct, the forms of life on Earth
change, sometime slowly and subtly, sometimes rapidly and dramatically. The
newly evolved organisms develop similar body features that allow them to use the
same resources as those organisms that became extinct.
 3. There is a significant relationship between the physical environmental factors in
different places on Earth's surface and the communities of organisms that live on
the earth.
Skills: 1. Use the Internet to collect data about the paleoclimate before and after the
Mesozoic–Cenozoic boundary event. 2. Apply the fossil evidences to understand
how climate change can cause extinctions. 3. Compare photographs of skulls of
organisms from before and after the boundary event to seek clues about which
species survive. 4. Collect, analyze and interpret data of the K-T boundary in Egypt.
Essential Questions: How has Earth been impacted by asteroids and meteors?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How has Earth been impacted by asteroids and
meteors?
Evidence of Learning: Students will write an essay which uses fossil evidence to
discuss extinction and evolution.
Relations: BI 1.010
SEC Topic & Code: (THERE IS NO CODE)
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assignment
Geology Grade 3
Plate Tectonics (2019)
folder
 ES.3.01 - Show understanding of the link between volcanoes and earthquakes and
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Show understanding of the link between volcanoes and earthquakes and the
theory of plate tectonics by using earthquake and volcano data to draw plate boundaries.
Key Concepts:
 1. Description of the interior structure of Earth.

 2. The geographical distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes form patterns that
coincide with some continents' boundaries, with some other patterns aligned along
the middle areas of oceans.
 3. Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current
movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for
understanding its geologic history.
Skills: 1. Trace and construct maps of volcanoes and earthquakes using USGS
data and satellite images. 2. Use maps to examine and describe the distribution of
volcanoes and earthquakes at global, regional, and local scales. 3. Interpret
patterns of volcanoes and earthquakes in terms of plate tectonic theory.
Essential Questions: How do plate motions and interactions shape the landscape
and geology of Egypt? What are the controlling and driving forces of volcanoes,
Earthquakes and plate motions?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do plate motions and interactions shape

the landscape and geology of Egypt? What are the controlling and driving forces of
volcanoes, Earthquakes and plate motions?
Evidence of Learning: Students can identify and interpret map patterns of volcanism

and seismicity in terms of interactions between tectonic plates. Students can predict
relative risk of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions based on plate tectonic setting.
Capstone Connection: Students could be asked to design a plan to communicate

the tectonics of Egypt to the public.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.3.02 - Analyze data sets that provide evidence for plate motions, including
GPS...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 03
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Analyze data sets that provide evidence for plate motions, including GPS
data.
Key Concepts:
 1. Motions of the mantle and its plates occur primarily through thermal convection,
which involves the cycling of mantle's materials.
 2. The pates are moving continuously in different average rates and directions,
those movements can be tracked by the Earth-observing satellites.
Skills: 1. Use a Global Positioning System (GPS) device to collect geographic
coordinate data and track students' own movements. 2. Use the data from (GPS)
satellites to determine the direction and rate of motion of the African Plate and
represent the results on maps and graphs. 3. Determine the average direction of
movement of different plates based on the analysis and interpretation of graphically
represented and/or mapped data
Essential Questions: Are the plates moving? What are the evidence for their
movement?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Are the plates moving? What are the evidence
for their movement?
Evidence of Learning: Successful use of (GPS) device to collect reliable location

data. Successful mapping and interpretation of GPS data showing movement
Capstone Connection: Communications
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.3.03 - Identify the causes of the movement of lithospheric plates.

expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 05
Comment(s):
I revised skills to reflect outcomes rather than instructional strategies
Learning Outcome: Identify the causes of the movement of lithospheric plates.
Key Concepts:
 1. The convection currents produced by the magma circulation in the upper mantle
are the main sources for forces that control the patterns of volcanism, earthquakes
and plate motions.
 2. Temperature affects density and temperature gradients combined with
gravitational and buoyant forces can lead to circulation of fluids.
Skills: 1. Students accurately carry out laboratory procedures and measurements 2.
Students can accurately determine the density of rock samples. 3. Students can
construct and interpret simple dynamic models of plate tectonics. 4. Students can
interpret global plate tectonic maps in terms of patterns of convection and histories
of plate motions.
Essential Questions: What is the plate tectonic setting of Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the plate tectonic setting of Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: Students can describe and interpret the patterns of

convection currents in Earth's mantle Students can interpret the role of convection
in plate tectonics Students can draw parallels between the patterns of convection in
the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.3.04 - Describe and account for patterns in the global distribution of volcanoes
Week 06 - Week 07
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Describe and account for patterns in the global distribution of volcanoes and
earthquakes to interpret plate motion, how plate tectonics processes form continents, formation
of Egypt and the motions of it over time.
Key Concepts:
 1. There are patterns to the geographical distribution of volcanoes, earthquakes,

and topography.
 2. The geographical distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes is related to larger
plate tectonic features.
Skills: Trace and construct maps of volcanoes and earthquakes using USGS data
and satellite images.
Essential Questions: How do plate motion and interactions shape the landscape
and geology of Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do plate motion and interactions shape the
landscape and geology of Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: Students are able to identify large-scale features of plate

tectonic systems Students are able to explain large scale patterns in earthquakes,
volcanoes, and topography on Earth
Relations: CH.1.03
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assignment
 ES.3.05 - Explain how energy is released in different types of volcanic eruptions

Week 08 - Week 09
Comment(s):
If we had more time, we might want to consider including a lab on the use of a total station (laser
surveying instrument) to construct a local topographic map. This is a directly job-applicable skill.
Learning Outcome: Explain how energy is released in different types of volcanic eruptions and
assess volcanic risk to their communities
Key Concepts:
 1. Magma originates from essentially solid rock of the crust and mantle. In addition
to a rock's composition, its temperature, depth (confining pressure), and water
content determine whether it exists as a solid or liquid.
 2. The nature of volcanic eruptions depend on several characteristics include the
magma’s composition, its temperature, and the amount of dissolved gases it
contains.
 3. Viscosity of fluids is affected by composition and temperature in both model and
geologic systems.
 4. The nature of volcanic eruptions directly controls the sorts of volcanic landforms
that are produced.
 5. Eruptions that produce ash affect larger areas than other types of volcanic
eruptions and some large ash eruptions can have global effects.
Skills: 1. Construct contour maps from model landforms. 2. Interpret elevations and
landform features from topographic maps. 3. Interpret maps and data tables 4.
Design and conduct experiments and interpret data.
Essential Questions: How do volcanoes affect the other parts of Earth's system?
Where are the areas of high geothermal gradients in Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do volcanoes affect the other parts of

Earth's system? Where are the areas of high geothermal gradients in Egypt?
Evidence of Learning: Students are able to identify volcanic risks in Egypt by both

location and expected type. Students are able to create valid topographic maps
from a model Students are able to interpret topographic maps Students are able to
share and justify evidence and interpretations that relate viscosity to other factors in
a model system
Relations: MA.1.05
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assignment
 ES.3.06 - Explain how energy is released in earthquakes and assess the

earthquake...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Explain how energy is released in earthquakes and assess the earthquake
threat in their communities.
Key Concepts:
 1. Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth produced by the rapid release of stored

elastic energy from ruptures in rocks, called faults, that absorb and then release
energy repeatedly in stick-slip cycles.
 2. This energy release produces waves, which radiate in all directions from the
earthquake's origin.
 3. Characteristic forms and speeds of waves allow earthquakes to be accurately
located by computers seconds to minutes after they happen. This also allows early-
warning systems to be constructed.
Skills: 1. Use and interpret models to explore Earth processes 2. Interpret
seismograms to determine arrival times of the two types of seismic waves and
determine the distance to the epicenter of an earthquake from the seismometer. 3.
Interpret firsthand reports of earthquake effects. 4. Make and interpret felt-intensity
maps of an earthquake.
Essential Questions: How could scientists use the characteristics of seismic activity
to understand the Earth's interior? Where are the most probable regions in Egypt
that may show severe seismic activities in the future?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How could scientists use the characteristics of

seismic activity to understand the Earth's interior? Where are the most probable
regions in Egypt that may show severe seismic activities in the future?
Evidence of Learning: Students successfully collect and interpret data from a model

earthquake system Students successfully interpret earthquake seismograms
Students successfully interpret historical accounts of earthquake shaking
Capstone Connection: Students might consider how to create an earthquake

warning system that could shut down critical infrastructure (power plants, railways,
bridges, etc.) in the event that strong earthquake waves are detected.
Relations: MA.1.07; CH.1.03
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assignment
Structural geology (2019)
folder
 ES.3.07 - Explain in both words and diagrams the relationship between forces
(stress)...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 14 note week 8,9 &10
Comment(s):
Unconformities are a result of erosion and sedimentation in a deforming environment, not a type
of deformation itself. Classification is deemphasized in favor of deeper exploration of
process.Stress and strain are deemphasized, to keep the material at an appropriate level for a
high school student. Billings is unlikely to yield deep understandings in the high school study of
structural geology and has been replaced with a unit from EarthComm that contains hands-on
inquiry investigations of models of structures.
Learning Outcome: Explain in both words and diagrams the relationship between forces (stress)
and deformations (strain) in rocks to explore different types of this deformation, including folds
and faults.
Key Concepts:
 1. Forces in rock units are distributed throughout the rock body, just as they are in
fluids, and are described by pressure-like forces called stresses.
 2. Unlike pressures in Newtonian fluids, the stresses in rocks can be different
magnitudes in different directions.
 3. Rocks may respond to stress by changing shape (deformation). Similarly,
externally imposed deformations may give rise to new stresses in a body of rock.
 4. Deformation can occur by elastic processes (recoverable), brittle processes (non-
recoverable) or by plastic processes (non-recoverable).
 5. Faults and joints form by brittle deformation of rocks. Brittle deformation due to
tension forms joints. Brittle deformation due to shear forms faults.
 6. Folds form by plastic deformation of rocks.
 7. Motion of rock bodies over non-planar faults is a common mechanism of folding
in upper crustal rocks.
 8. Unconformities are surfaces separating rock sequences of non-contiguous ages.
 9. Unconformities form due to the interaction of erosion, sedimentation and
deformation.
Skills: 1. Examine diagrams, build models and interpret cross sections. 2. Read and
interpret the world structure maps and satellite images to explore the different types
of structures. 3. Examine diagrams showing cross section of different geological
structures. 4. Construct models showing folds, faults, joints and unconformities.
Essential Questions: How do rock units respond to plate motions?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How do rock units respond to plate motions?
Evidence of Learning: Student is able to interpret simple geologic maps or cross

sections of structures and identify and interpret folds and faults. Student is able to
correctly interpret relationships of stress and deformation in model materials
Student is able to identify joints in hand sample and outcrop Student is able to
interpret fault surfaces in hand sample and outcrop Student is able to correctly
interpret geologic history of cross sections or outcrops containing unconformities
Relations:
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assignment
Geophysics (2019)
folder
 ES.3.08 - Given surface observations of the Earth, deduce the sub-surface features
Week 01 - Week 012 weeks
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Given surface observations of the Earth, deduce the sub-surface features
and processes.
Key Concepts: Geophysical techniques measure physical phenomena. The sensitivity to sub-

surface physical properties.
Skills: 1. Use geophysical techniques to measure physical phenomena such as gravity,
magnetism, elastic waves, electricity and electromagnetic waves. 2. Determine the sub-surface
physical properties as density, magnetic susceptibility, seismic wave velocity and density.
Essential Questions: How can you explore the subsurface ores and oil fields?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can you explore the subsurface ores and oil fields?
Evidence of Learning: Geophysical methods survey.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.3.09 - Apply the passive natural fields measurement of the Earth such as
gravity...expand_morelink
Week 02 - Week 03
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Apply the passive natural fields measurement of the Earth such as gravity
field, magnetic field, radioactivity and seismic arrivals of earthquakes.
Key Concepts:
 1. Gravity field.
 2. Magnetic field. 3. Radioactivity.
 3. Seismic waves (earthquakes).
Skills: 1. Analyses the data that received. 2. Interpret the data that received. 3.
Application of data and convert it to maps.
Essential Questions: What the naturally occurring physical phenomena would be
used in exploration oil and mineral ores?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What the naturally occurring physical

phenomena would be used in exploration oil and mineral ores?
Evidence of Learning: The naturally geophysical phenomena.
Relations:
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assignment
 ES.3.10 - Apply the active Geophysical methods to detect subsurface features such
as...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 05
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Apply the active Geophysical methods to detect subsurface features such as
1-Seismic method (refraction-reflection) 2-Electric method 3-Electromagnetic method
Key Concepts:
 1. Seismic wave exploration.

 2. DC Electric current measurement.
 3. Electromagnetic (AM).
Skills: 1. Analyses and processes the measurement data. 2. Interpret the corrected
data. 3. Converting data to geologic information in subsurface (mapping in cross
section 3D)
Essential Questions: What the artificial physical methods would be used in
exploration oil and mineral ores?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What the artificial physical methods would be

used in exploration oil and mineral ores?
Evidence of Learning: The artificial geophysical methods.
Relations:
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assignment
Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques (2019)
folder
 ES.3.11 - Identify the general idea of remote sensing and its role in building a
huge...expand_morelink
Week 06 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Identify the general idea of remote sensing and its role in building a huge
informational base about different properties of Earth surface components and tracking the
changes in ecosystems
Key Concepts:
 1. Remote sensing is the art of acquiring information about the Earth's surface
without actually being in direct contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording
emitted or reflected energy from different objects.
 2. Remote Sensing and GIS tools represent significant communications techniques
that connect people, especially in vast and hard accessible regions.
Skills: 1. Differentiate and classify several types of grey- scale and colored satellite
and airplane photos. 2. Collect, organize, analyze and interpret several and variable
types of satellites data sets.
Essential Questions: What is the difference between remote sensing and GIS
techniques? What is the latest technology used in Remote sensing and GIS?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the difference between remote sensing

and GIS techniques? What is the latest technology used in Remote sensing and
GIS?
Evidence of Learning: Constrict geological data base of an area.
Relations: BI 1.0 1, 1.02 &1.03
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assignment
 ES.3.12 - Use one of the software packages that are used the image processing
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Use one of the software packages that are used the image processing and
enhancement techniques.
Key Concepts:
 1. Remote sensing technology has become a vital, significant and powerful tool for
geological and geophysical investigations with very important role in many
discoveries and developments of mineral and water resources all over the world.
 2. Several Image processing and enhancement techniques by using different
software packages help scientists to recognize different physical and chemical
characteristics of Earth's materials.
Skills: 1. Deal with Image processing software. 2. Use statistical analysis to
interpret the remotely sensed images. 3. Apply different image processing and
enhancement techniques to produce false color images.
Essential Questions: What is the role of satellites in the processing of remote
sensing and GIS techniques?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the role of satellites in the processing of

remote sensing and GIS techniques?
Evidence of Learning: Produce digital topographic contour maps.
Relations: BI.1.01; BI.1.02; BI.1.03

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assignment
 ES.3.13 - Use different data analysis and algorithms to interpret the

characteristics...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Use different data analysis and algorithms to interpret the characteristics of
objects and discriminate the Earth's surface components.
Key Concepts:
 1. Remote sensing technology has become a vital, significant and powerful tool for
geological and geophysical investigations with very important role in many
discoveries and developments of mineral and water resources all over the world.
 2. Several Image processing and enhancement techniques by using different
software packages help scientists to recognize different physical and chemical
characteristics of Earth's Materials.
 3. Several geological investigations have been previously used satellites
multispectral data in mineral exploration, lithological discrimination and mapping of
different geological structures.
Skills: 1. Apply different image processing and enhancement techniques to produce
false color images. 2. Interpret different raw and processed satellite's data. 3.
Produce 3D perspective views of the earth's surface using the DEM (Digital
Elevation Model) data. 4. Use images to differentiate between various components
and rock units of the earth surface. 5. Apply the remote sensing analysis and
interpretation to build geologic maps and models.
Essential Questions: How could scientists use remote sensing and GIS to explore
different information and characteristics below the earth's surface?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How could scientists use remote sensing and
GIS to explore different information and characteristics below the earth's surface?
Evidence of Learning: Produce digital geological maps.
Relations: BI.1.0 1; BI1.02; BI.1.03
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assignment
Geological mapping (2019)
folder
 ES.3.14 - Recognize the contour maps and read the elevations and outcrops on
a...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Recognize the contour maps and read the elevations and outcrops on a
topographic map.
Key Concepts:
 1. Read the elevations on topographic maps.

 2. The characteristics of outcrops of horizontal beds.
Skills: 1. Drawing the outcrops of horizontal beds 2. Drawing a geological cross
section. 3. Determine the elevations on the topographic map.
Essential Questions: What are the contour lines of a topographic maps?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What are the contour lines of a topographic

maps?
Evidence of Learning: Read a geological map and draw a legend of a map.
Relations:
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-ESS.3.05 (HSST-ESS.3.05)
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assignment
 ES.3.15 - Recognize the outcrops of inclined beds and differentiate between true
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
Learning Outcome: Recognize the outcrops of inclined beds and differentiate between true and
apparent dip in geological contour maps.
Key Concepts:
 1. The characteristics of outcrops of inclined beds.

 2. The map pattern of a fold and a fault.
 3. Differentiate between contour lines and structural contour line (strike) in geologic
contour map.
 4. The map pattern of the geological structures.
Skills: 1. Determine the geological structure through outcrops of inclined beds. 2.
Differentiate between contour lines and structural contour line (strike) in geological
contour map. 3. Read the map pattern of a fold and a fault. 4. Determine the
displacement of beds. 5. Determine the true and apparent dip.
Essential Questions: How can determine the structures of an area through
geological contour map?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can determine the structures of an area

through geological contour map?
Evidence of Learning: Read a geological map and draw a legend of a map.
Relations:
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assignment
Physics Grade 1
Measurement And Units
folder
 PH.1.01 - Make measurements precisely and accurately using a variety of
measurement...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s): Some time should be spent comparing fundamental units such as length with
derived units such as velocity. "How can you measure the capacity (volume) of a regularly-
shaped object such as a refrigerator? How can you measure the capacity (volume) of an
irregularly-shaped object?"
Learning Outcome: Make measurements precisely and accurately using a variety of
measurement tools.
Key Concepts:
 1. Physics as experimental science

 2. Systems of measurements and standards
 3. International system of units
 4. Prefixes of metric units
 5. From Macro to Nanoscale
 6. Measurement errors
 7. Measurement accuracy vs. precision
 8. Dimensional analysis
Skills:
 1. Identify and describe systems of measurement
 2. Convert units between different systems of measurement
 3. Determine sources of measurement errors
 4. Use basic measurement tools to measure/compute length, area, volume and
time
 5. Use dimensional analysis to verify or predict a physical law
 What are common sources of measurement error?
 What are the consequences of imprecise and/or inaccurate measurements?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Physics p 22-26 *****
Evidence of Learning: RECALL; ????? compare the units of SI system and GCS system BA;
holt_ch1 book -q2-pg 20 ***** ST; holt_ch1 book -q4-pg 20
Capstone Connection: Using measurements in all capstone project topics.
Applications: CH.3.02,
SEC Topic & Code: unitsmeasurementmeasurement erroraccuracy
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assignment
trending_updrive_etabusiness
Newtonian Physics
folder
 PH.1.02 - Use Newton's 3rd Law to identify the forces of interaction that exist
between...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s): This is an interesting way of starting a description of forces, Instead of a force as
something causing an acceleration, here a force is an interaction that opposes another
interaction...with quantitative details put off for a while. This is a good place to begin classifying
forces as Field vs Contact... but mention that even contact forces are ultimately field forces... and
that there are 4 fundamental forces : gravity, EM, strong & weak nuclear
Learning Outcome: Use Newton's 3rd Law to identify the forces of interaction that exist between
pairs of objects (Newtonian pairs)
Key Concepts:
 1. Forces
 2. Static equilibrium
 3. Dynamic equilibrium
 4. System of forces
 5. Newton's third law
 6. Free body diagram
 7. Action-Reaction Pairs
 8. Point particle
Skills:
 1. Differentiate between physical systems in equilibrium and non-equilibrium.
 2. Apply Newton's third law in physical systems (i.e. identify the action and reaction
forces)
 3. Draw a force diagram for objects in physical equilibrium
 4. Recognize that force pairs between objects are equal and opposite, even if
objects are of different mass.
 Can there be an odd number of total forces between objects in the universe?
 When you read your weight on a bathroom scale, what force is this reading?
 What is the nature of physical equilibrium?
 Can objects still be in equilibrium when forces are acting on them?
 What forces must exist on a rocket and the earth as the rocket is launched?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Physics p 199-209 *******
Evidence of Learning: RECALL: mention Newton's third law ????? BA; holbook t _ch4_sec1 -q3-
pg 134 ****** ST; holt_ch4_sec1 book -q5-pg 134 *****
Capstone Connection: Apply to your dwelling: A. Differentiate between physical systems in
equilibrium and non-equilibrium. B. Apply Newton's third law in physical systems ( i.e. identify the
action and reaction forces) C. Draw a force diagram for objects in physical equilibrium D.
Recognize that force pairs between objects are equal and opposite, even if objects are of
different mass.
SEC Topic & Code: Force and equilibrium
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assignment
trending_updrive_etalocal_florist
 PH.1.03 - Predict an object's motion based on the forces that are acting on it.expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 06
Comment(s): 1. Suggestion: keep things mathematically simple on this first intro to Newton's
Laws. e.g. only use graphical addition and subtraction of vectors 2. Recommend that prediction
be kept to direction and a qualitative indication of strength. e.g. "block will move at an angle close
to60 degrees with an acceleration less than if the two forces had acted in the same direction"
(given two different length forces acting at right angles) 3. 1-D kinematics will be covered in
mechanics starting at beginning of semester 1, so not much time is needed to go over kinematic
variables...except that acceleration as change in velocity in time is crucial. i.e. is should be
stressed that this is how equilibrium will be defined ... i.e. when there is no change in motion
4.Using rulers and protractors, a simple activity can ask for the approximate length and direction
of a force that will produce equilibrium. 5.When doing centripetal force introduce the idea of
"fictitious forces". In this case the common use of "centrifugal force" is fictitious because the real
force that causes circular motion is centripetal. ... We tend to make things about us, so if we
move to the right as our car turns left, we think a centrifugal force pushes us to the right. Instead,
we lack a centripetal force to the left that would cause us to move in a circle with the car. This
idea of fictitious forces is an important one becuase it is essential in Newtonian physics to clearly
identify the forces that are acting. We will spiral back to this several times. The next will be in the
discussion of force and pressure changes in Y1 S2. 6. More on fictitious forces: When one is in a
rotating frame of reference, or any accelerating frame, then the centripetal becomes a centrifugal
force. However Newton's laws are meant to be followed in an inertial reference frame, i.e. one
that is not accelerating. "How much force must be applied to a 750-kg automobile traveling at 30
km/hr to cause it to stop in 6 seconds?"
Learning Outcome: Predict an object's motion based on the forces that are acting on it.
Key Concepts:
 1. Equilibrium vs. motion vs. change in motion

 2. Force as a vector
 3. Net force acting on a free body.
 4. Newton's Laws of Motion
 5. Centripetal acceleration
 6. Centripetal force
 7. Inertial reference frame
Skills:
 1. Identify forces acting on an object and represent them pictorially in a free body
diagram.
 2. Use free-body diagram to determine net force acting on a body via graphical
vector addition
 3. Given all of the forces acting on a body, use Newton's 1st law to determine
whether the object is in equilibrium (i.e. moving at constant velocity, including 0)
 4. Given all of the forces acting on a body, apply Newton's 2nd law to determine the
acceleration of an object not in equilibrium
 5. Knowing the state of motion of an object but not all forces on a body, determine
the resultant of the unknown force(s)
 6. Describe why an object moving in a circle experiences a centripetal acceleration
towards the center of rotation, even though it is moving at constant speed..
 7. Identify the force or forces that cause a body to move in a circle about a fixed
point in space
How can you design a tall structure that does not blow over in heavy winds?
How can you control the direction a large tree will fall when chopping it down?
Why is it possible that a sheet of paper can be dragged quickly from beneath a
heavy body, but the body does not move?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Active Physics p 132 – 143; p 157 – 173 *******
Evidence of Learning: RECALL: mention Newton's Laws of motion and their mathematical
expressions ??????? BA; holbook t _ch4_ -q1-pg 129 ****** ST; holtbook _ch4_-q5-pg 129 *****
Capstone Connection: How to achieve the stability of the sustainable structure of your capstone
project?
SEC Topic & Code: motion, equilibrium, acceleration, Newtons' Laws Net Force
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assignment
trending_uplocal_florist
 PH.1.04 - Model the gravitational force on an object near the earth as proportional
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s): Recommend the stress on "field strength" for a few reasons: 1) to compare with
electric and magnetic fields later 2) Field is an essential concept used to describe "action at a
distance" forces 3) forces have already been classified as Field or Contact 4) one can talk about
field strengh diminishing the farther from earth's surface, or getting stronger near jupiter, etc. i.e.
field strength depends on the planet, and distance from the planet, and can be compared without
referring to the weight of an object 5) mention that g due to earth is NEVER 0 for finitie distances.
And, in fact g will be = 0 only at one spot in universe ... where effects from all suns, planets,
asteroids, metors, etc... cancel out. In other words, the idea of "weighlessness" is something
different from the absence of weight, which is an almost universal misunderstanding of the
situation. i.e. weightless objects almost always have weight. WEightless only means that
Apparent Weight = 0.
Learning Outcome: Model the gravitational force on an object near the earth as proportional to
the object's mass, with constant of proportionality g, the gravitational field strength.
Key Concepts:
 1. Mass
 2. Gravity
 3. Gravitational field
 4. Weight
 5. General Law of Gravitation
 6. Newton's Second Law in gravitational field
 7. Free Fall
 8. Apparent weight
Skills:
 1. Differentiate between mass and weight
 2. Solve problems to determine the mass, weight and apparent weight in different
physical situations
 3. Apply the General Law of Gravitation to qualitatively rank the gravitational field of
different planets (using only M/R^2)
 4. Identify the action-reaction pairs that exist when an object close to earth
experiences a force due to gravity (i.e. a weight)
How strong must an elevator cable be to accelerate an elevator car upward with an
acceleration of g/2?
 Why do you weigh less compared to sea level if you are on the top of the highest
mountain on earth?
 Why can astronauts jump much more easily on the Moon than on Earth?
 What does it mean to be "weightless"?
Textbook and Resource Materials: active physics p 157– 173 *****
Evidence of Learning: "RECALL:compare between mass and weight ????? BA; holbook _ch7_ -
q2-pg 247 ***** ST; holtbook _ch7_-q5-pg 247 *****
Capstone Connection: Determine the force between the earth and your Capstone dwelling
SEC Topic & Code: gravity, weight, and mass
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assignment
local_florist
Center of mass, torque, and general equilibrium
folder
 PH.1.05 - determine the conditions for stability of extended rigid bodies by...expand_morelink
Week 09 - Week 10
Comment(s): 1. Here the idea of equilibrium is extended to include NO CHANGE in
ROTATIONAL motion. rotational motion does not occur in mechanics until year 3, so this idea
needs to be introduced here, but nothing overly mathematical should be done. Systems that
increase spin rate up or slow down spinning are clearly cases where rotational equilibrium is not
the case. Disks spininng at a constant rate are in equilibrium, etc. 2.Similarly for torques: using
example of opening a large door, develop idea that amount of angular acceleration will be
proportional to how much you push, and where you pust wrt axis of rotation of door. Then talk
about different directions (open/close the door) and develop a simplified way to do torque
problems: only consider ones where forces are perpendicular to motion arms, producing either
CCW or CW rotation (call these + or -) 3.Mention that torques are vectors b/c they are made up
of forces...but they will be handled in greater depth later... 4.Keep simple machine discussion to a
minimum because work has not yet been defined. It will come later, so this is the beginning of a
work spiral. Instead, focus on the torque applied to a lever, the simplest of simple machines. The
discussion of a lever is important obviously because this LO is about torque. Mechanical
advantage can be mentioned, as well as the fact that the lever is a simple machine, but I wouldn't
discuss other machines here 5.As for center of masss, keep it simple as well. It will be covered in
more detail at beginning of module on momentum and impulse. Stick to discrete masses in 1-D.
A lab activity determining the center of mass of a 2-D object is recommend as well
Learning Outcome: determine the conditions for stability of extended rigid bodies by considering
translational and rotational equilibrium
Key Concepts:
 1. Center of mass
 2. Torque
 3. Static equilibrium
 4. Translational vs. Rotational Equilibrium
 5. The equilibrium torque condition: rotational analogue of Newton's Laws
 6. Simple machines
 7. The mechanical advantage of simple machines
 8. Stability of extended rigid bodies depends on the sum of the forces, the sum of
the torques and on the location of the center of mass.
Skills:
 1. Determine the center of mass for different objects and systems of objects
 2. Calculate the magnitude of the total torque acting on an object
 3. Identify forces and torques acting on a stationary extended object, and be able to
apply the equilibrium torque condition.
 4. Determine the torque of a simple machine: the lever.
 Are pyramids more stable than a building with a rectangular cross-section?
 How tall can a truck be to safely drive on a banked road in terms of the angle of the
road?
 How did the ancient Egyptians raise the pyramid stones without using our modern
machines?
Textbook and Resource Materials: active physics p 157– 173 *****
Evidence of Learning: RECALL: what is meant torque and the lever arm ????? BA; holbook t
_ch7_ -q1-pg 258 ***** ST; holtbook _ch7_-q3-pg 258
Capstone Connection: How to save effort during the building process? ?????Not sure what this is
getting at: seems like a question about simple machines?????
SEC Topic & Code: torque, rotational equilibrium, equilibrium, simple machines
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assignment
Restoring Forces
folder
 PH.1.06 - Understand that certain material objects (e.g. springs that follow
Hooke's...expand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s): stress that Hooke's LAw is not Universally valid. Instead the word "law" is more
about materials that deform linearly with applied force. When they obey the"law" they are Hooke's
LAw materials.This is similar to Ohms' Law, which will be dicsussed in Year 2 Spend some time
explaing similarity/difference between spring constant and young's modulus
Learning Outcome: Understand that certain material objects (e.g. springs that follow Hooke's
Law) generate restoring forces that act to maintain them in an equilibrium shape.
Key Concepts:
 1. Elasticity & Hooke's Law

 2. Range of validity for Hooke's Law
 3. Stress and strain
 4. Young's modulus
Skills:
 1. Measure spring constant of a linear spring
 2. Measure stress and strain of different materials
 3. Calculate stress and strain of different materials
 4. Measure Young's modulus for a material
 5. Calculate Young's modulus for a material
 6. Identify unknown materials using Young's modulus
 Do all solid objects generate restoring forces?
 Which is most preferred, to make the shock absorber in cars from a high-elasticity
material or from a low-elasticity one, and why?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Holt ch 11 & Haliday ch 7 part 1
Evidence of Learning: RECALL:mention mathematical formale of Hook,s law
BA:pg323_q9_surway book A 200-kg load is hung on a wire of length 4.00 m, cross-sectional
area 0.200 3 10–4 m2, and Young’s modulus 8.00 3 1010 N/m2. What is its increase in length?
10. ST:pg323_q12_surway book Assume that if the shear stress in steel exceeds about 4.00 3
108 N/m2, the steel ruptures. Determine the shearing force necessary to (a) shear a steel bolt
1.00 cm in diameter and (b) punch a 1.00-cm-diameter hole in a steel plate 0.500 cm thick.
Capstone Connection: Role of elasticity in building materials and design
SEC Topic & Code: stress, strain, Hooke's Law
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assignment
trending_uplocal_floristbusiness
 PH.1.07 - Predict an object's motion when it is subject to a restoring forceexpand_morelink
Week 11 - Week 12
Comment(s): Springs can be used in equilibrium situations and non-equilibrium. Good to mention
this to students. Equilibrium: measure weight of a hanging mass Non-equilibrium: Qualitatively
determine the motion of a friction mass/spring system (horizontal) not in equilibrium ... arguing
that it will look like a sine curve... with simple demo, show that frequency will depend on spring
constant and inversely on mass...with little of no effect due to amplitude...this will be done in
detail later in Mechanics year 2...
Learning Outcome: Predict an object's motion when it is subject to a restoring force
Key Concepts:
 1. Hooke's Law & Linear Springs

 2. The spring constant
 3. Yield point
 4. Tension and compression
Skills:
 1. Determine the limit of elasticity of different springs
 2. Use Hooke's law to design spring suspensions
 3. Apply Hooke's Law to measure weight of an object
If your heart has a restoring force when it stretches or contracts, how will your
heartrate change if your heart becomes thicker?
 Which one is more elastic, an iron string or a spider string, and why?
Textbook and Resource Materials: active physics ch4_sec 5_pg 392
Evidence of Learning: RECALL:mention Hook's law BA:active ph_pg 402_q_4 ST:active ph_pg
402_q_5
Capstone Connection: Role of elasticity in building materials and design
SEC Topic & Code: linear springs and Hooke's Law
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assignment
Fluid Mechanics
folder
 PH.1.08 - Use pressure difference between two points of a fluid and Newton's laws
Week 01 - Week 03
Comment(s): Important here to stress that liquids and gases are considered "fluids" Also, the
simplifying assumption of homogeneous substances, i.e. density is constant. This is a good
module to talk once again about fictitiousforces. Similar to the centrifigul force idea discussed in
Semester 1, hear we have the vacuum force. Many think that there such thing as suction, as if
something in your vacuum cleaner reaches out, grabs some dust, and pulls it up the vacuum
hose. Vacuum cleaners, and drinking from straws, etc., is only possible when there is a pressure
difference (and the force this causes can overcome graviity to pullit up and/or in. Archimedes
should be used in a variety of situations - from holding heavy objects underwater to how to
design hot-air balloons
Learning Outcome: Use pressure difference between two points of a fluid and Newton's laws to
analyze behavior of that fluid.
Key Concepts:
 1. Fluids
 2. Pressure
 3. Manometer
 4. Pressure gauge
 5. Units of pressure
 6. Effect of atmospheric pressure on boiling point of water
 7. Change in atmospheric pressure with altitude
 8. Pressure difference and force
 9. Archimedes Principle
Skills:
 1. Determine pressure change as function of height in columns of fluid
 2. Explain how a mercury barometer measures atmospheric pressure
 3. Determine atmospheric pressure as a function of altitude
 4. Convert between different pressure units (such as: kPa, atm,mm Hg)
 5. Explain how a straw works
 6. Explain how a manometer works
 7. Measure the gauge pressure of a trapped gas
 8. Use manometers & barometers
 9. Explain different boiling points of water at different altitudes
 10. Measure the apparent weight of an immersed object.
 11. Determine the Buoyant force on a submerged, or floating object
 12. Use Archimedes principle to explain why large ships do not sink
 How does a vacuum cleaner work?
 If you are in a car that is submerged in a flood, how hard will it be to open your
door? What is the best way to open the door?
 Why does a physician typically measure blood pressure in your upper arm?
 Is it easier or harder to boil water when on top of a very high mountain?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Holt ch 8 & Haliday CH 14
Evidence of Learning: quizs, check points, assighnments& disccussions
Capstone Connection: Using gas and steam pressure to generate energy in traditional and
alternative energy applications
SEC Topic & Code: pressure, buoyant force, apparent weight
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assignment
battery_charging_full
Fluid Dynamics
folder
 PH.1.09 - Apply principles of fluid dynamics to determine pressure and velocity in
a...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 06
Comment(s): After covering continuity and pascal principle, this section will be the first in which
energy stuff is described in more than a passing way. This is the beginning of a spiral approach
to work and energy... Suggestion: begin by defining work by constant pressure as pdV. (Is this
done in CHM somewhere?) Then define kinetic energy of fluid in terms of density and dV. Then
argue for a Work-energy theorem for fluids which are moving in laminar flow in a HORIZONAL
pipe. i.e. begin with a simple derivation of a restricted BErnoulli equation (one at same vertical
position wrt earth) do some horizontal problems...then go vertical, arguing for a term that involves
height as well because as fluid goes up there's no way it doewn's lose velocity. In other words,
you can get to a full statement of Bernoulli .... and do a bunch of problems using it...remarking
that the students will see much more about conservation of energy in YEar 2...
Learning Outcome: Apply principles of fluid dynamics to determine pressure and velocity in a
variety of typical fluid systems
Key Concepts:
 1. General properties of Fluids

 2. Continuity equation
 3. Laminar vs Turbulent Flow
 4. Pascal's Principle
 5. pdV = Work
 6. Work-Energy Theorem
 7. Conservation of Energy in fluids
 8. Bernoulli Equation
Skills:
 1. Apply Bernoulli's Principle in daily life
 2. Explore alternative energy applications of fluid dynamics such as windmills,
hydrological dams, tidal generation.
 3. Determination of flow rate.
 4. Determination of volume rate.
 5. Solve problems on flow rate.
 6. Explain some phenomena on equation of continuity.
 7. Explain some applications on Bernoulli's equation.
 How do planes stay in the air?
 If an artery starts narrowing due to thickening of the arterial walls, what happens to
the blood pressure inside the artery?
 How much pressure is needed at the base of an apartment building to provide
adequate shower pressure on the 10th floor?
 How does the perfume sprayer work?
Capstone Connection: Using gas or liquid flowing to generate energy for alternative energy
applicaitons.
SEC Topic & Code: pressure, velocity, kinetic energy
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assignment
battery_charging_fullbusiness
Thermodynamics
folder
 PH.1.10 - Design a system for efficient energy production using concepts of...expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 10
Comment(s): with 1st law of Thermo coming in the next LO, this LO should focus on
heating/cooling properties of different materials as a function of wavelength of incoming radiation
Convection, Conduction, RAdiation should be compared...where possible by experiment. This
should be more of an empirical LO, with simple mathematics involved in design. e.g. a question
about how large a solar collector must be given energy needs , efficiency, and incident radiation
would be good
Learning Outcome: Design a system for efficient energy production using concepts of
temperature, heat and thermal energy.
Key Concepts:
 1. Temperature
 2. Thermal energy
 3. Heat
 4. Conduction, Convection, Radiation
 5. Measuring Temperature
 6. Temperature scale
 7. Heat capacity
 8. Specific heat capacity
 9. Blackbody radiation
 10. Solar heat collector.
 11. Natural sources of heat: sun, geothermal
 12. Latent heat
Skills:
 1. Differentiate between temperature, thermal energy and heat
 2. Measure temperature
 3. Solve problem of general law of thermometer
 4. Describe how temperature changes as a result energy transfer to a system
Convert between different temperature scales (k – f - c)
 5. Describe the natural sources of heat
 6. Explain the idea of solar heat collectors.
 7. Identify the uses of solar heat collector in daily life
 8. Calculate temperature change fora given amount of a substance for a given
energy transfer, or determine the amount of energy required for a given substance
to change temperature by a specific amount.
How efficient can a solar collector be?
Can you make a thermometer without mercury?
Capstone Connection: Using light and heat sources to generate other forms of energy
SEC Topic & Code: temperature, heat, thermal energy
mode_edit
assignment
 PH.1.11 - Analyze energy flow in typical heating and cooling applications by
applying...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 12
Comment(s): Be sure to perform experiment to demonstrate conservation of thermal energy ....
domonstrate that area under p-v graph is energy transfer - connection to calculus
Learning Outcome: Analyze energy flow in typical heating and cooling applications by applying
the 1st Law of Thermodynamics.
Key Concepts:
 1. Conservation of thermal energy

 2. Energy graphs
 3. Low temperature physics
 4. Thermodynamic processes (isothermal – isovolumetric- isobaric- adiabatic)
 5. Phase changes
Skills:
 1. Explain p-v graphs
 2. Calculate the work done as gases are compressed/expanded both
mathematically and graphically
 3. Determine equilibrium temperatures in heating/cooling situation
 4. Describe how 1st Law of thermodynamics is applicable for each type of
thermodynamic process.
 5. Explain methods to produce low temperature near absolute zero.
 6. Describe applications for low temperature physics.
What is more efficient at cooling a building in a desert climate: an air conditioner or
a heat pump?
 If average temperatures of earth surface increase by 2 degree Celsius, how much
ice in Greenland will melt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Haliday ch 18
Capstone Connection: Applying Laws of thermodynamics to types of alternative energy.
SEC Topic & Code: energy flow, heating, cooling, thermodynamics
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assignment
Physics Grade 2
General Law Of Gravitation (2019)
 PH.2.01 - Use Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation when considering the effects
Week 01 - Week 02
Comment(s):
A good idea to stress the idea of inverse-square law here.So many things in physics follow this
mathematical form: electric fields, intensity, .... The field idea is really important - especially
because of what is to come with electricity and magnetism, where field is stressed much more
than actual forces. There is a chance to follow up on energy here - especially with determination
of escape velocities. Students have seen energy in Year 1 already - with fluids and thermo
Learning Outcome: Use Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation when considering the effects of
gravity far from the Earth's surface, or near other planets
Key Concepts: •1. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation •2. Gravitation constant. •3.
Gravitational field •4. Field Force •5. Inverse square law •6. Launching velocity of satellites. •7.
Orbital velocity of satellites. 8. escape velocity of a satellite
Skills: •1. Determine the gravitational force between any two bodies - both celestial or earthly •2.
Deduce the factors affect the gravitational field intensity at a point. •3. Use universal gravitation to
explain why g near earth is 98m/s^2 •4. Calculate the ratio between the gravitational field
strength on two different planets •5. Calculate the escape velocity for different planets •6.
Calculate the orbital velocity of satellite at a certain height. •7. Compare the free fall acceleration
on Earth and on the Moon
Essential Questions: •On what planet in the solar system would you weigh the most and what
ramifications does this have for human colonies on that planet? •What velocity must a satellite
have to be in a geosynchronous orbit 100 km above the Earth's surface?
Textbook and Resource Materials: •On what planet in the solar system would you weigh the most
and what ramifications does this have for human colonies on that planet? •What velocity must a
satellite have to be in a geosynchronous orbit 100 km above the Earth's surface?
Evidence of Learning: BA1: Holt Physics page: 242 BA1: 1-3 ST1: Holt Physics page: 246 ST1:
1, 2
Capstone Connection: apply gravity to water treatment processes
Relations: 0
SEC Topic & Code: 0
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assignment
Electric Fields and Forces (2019)
 PH.2.02 - Use concept of a field to analyze the similarities and differences

between...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
The Field idea very important in understanding non-contact forces! stress that all non-contact
forces are "carried" by a specific field that acts on a specific property of an object (mass,
charge...and later, charge and velocity) Stress graphical as opposed to analytic methods for
determining direction of electric forces and fields.Tie-in to vector work in mechanics, of course
Field lines near dipoles and other simple charge distributions are very important - Also important
to discuss the situation where field-free regions are to be determined. There is a connection to
equilibrium here.
Learning Outcome: Use concept of a field to analyze the similarities and differences between
electrostatic and gravitational forces via Coulomb's Law and Newtons' Gravitational Law.
Key Concepts: 1. Static electricity 2. Coulomb's Law 3. Electric Field, Electric Field intensity 4.
Conservation of electric charge. 5. Repulsion and attraction of electric charges. 6. Methods of
electrification 7. Electroscope 8. Electric Field Lines 9. electric potential
Skills: 1. Explain the repulsive and attractiveforce between two charges 2. Explain methods of
electrification 3. Identify the type of accumulated electric charge on an object by using
electroscope. 4. Compare electrostatic force between two objects to the gravitational force
betweenthem 5. Determine direction of total electrostatic force on a charge in the presence of
other charges, using vector addition 6. Determine direction of the total electricfield at a point in
space in presence of nearby electric charges, using vector addition 7. Qualitatively describe the
electric field near a dipole 8. Draw electric field lines near a charge distribution 9. determine
where (if any) field-free regions exist near a charge distribution
Essential Questions: How does gravitational force between electron and proton in a hydrogen
atom compare to the electrostatic force between them? How do lightning rods protect structures?
Was the great pyramid a giant lightning rod?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How does gravitational force between electron and proton in a
hydrogen atom compare to the electrostatic force between them? How do lightning rods protect
structures? Was the great pyramid a giant lightning rod?
Evidence of Learning: R: Q2 BA1: Q: 1-6 BA2: Q 1-4 BA3: Q: 1,2 BA4: Practice D ST1: Q 5 ST2:
Q7
Capstone Connection: Draw connections between circuit diagrams and water flow in plumbing
models
Relations: 0
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-PH 2.01 (HSST-PH 2.01)
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assignment
Direct Current Circuits (2019)
 PH.2.03 - Use the concepts of electric potential energy and voltage to analyze the
flow...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
Students will be able to distinguish between ohmic and non-ohmic materials and learn what
factors affect resistance. Very important to stress that many devices DO NOT follow Ohm's Law,
and hence "Law" does not mean never to be violated, A discussion that includes conduction
electrons, average drift velocity, is a good one....it ties in with energy states to be discussed in
quantum physics, and links back to early kinematics b/c charges are accelerated by electric field,
speeding up until they collide Spend some time developing the important relationship that R is
proportional to length/area, with proportionality constant the resistivity of the material.this will be
very helpful when considering series and parallel resistors in the next LO
Learning Outcome: Use the concepts of electric potential energy and voltage to analyze the flow
of current through conductors and resistors
Key Concepts: 1. Dynamic electricity 2. Electric current 3. Current density 4. Potential difference
& voltage 5. Electrical resistors 6. Resistivity & conductivity 7.Electromotive force (emf) 8. internal
resistance 9. terminal voltage 10. Ohm's law 11. Ohmic vs. non-Ohmic materials.
Skills: 1. Explain the required conditions for continuous flow of electric charge. 2. Measure some
physical quantities as voltage, current intensity and ohmic resistance of a conductor. 3. Verify
Ohm’s law practically and measureV-I diagrams 4. Use the graph between terminal voltage of the
battery and the current intensityto find the EMF of the cell and its internal resistance 5. Solve DC
circuitproblems that require use of Ohm's law 6. Differentiate between Ohmic and non-Ohmic
materials 8. Understand how the length and cross-sectional area of a conducting wire affects its
electrical resistance
Essential Questions: How dangerous is it to touch a live wire at 220 volts? And how does this
compare to 5000 Volts?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How dangerous is it to touch a live wire at 220 volts? And how
does this compare to 5000 Volts?
Evidence of Learning: R: Q 2-4 BA: Q 1-3 ST: Q 11, 12
Capstone Connection: Apply ohmic properties to water purity measurement
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.04 - Analyze DC circuits with simple resistive elements (i.e. ohmic devices)expand_morelink
Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
simple stuff only:no bridges stress that parallel and series are NOT the only way be careful to
explain that parallel does not mean the resistors are physically parallel IN SPACE compare to
fluids stress practical combinations:voltage and current dividers Use Resistance proportional to
Length/Area from previous LO to come up with rules for combining resistors in series or parallel
Learning Outcome: Analyze DC circuits with simple resistive elements (i.e. ohmic devices)
Key Concepts: 1. Connections of resistors (series & parallel) 2. Kirchoff's current law 3. Kirchoff's
voltage law
Skills: 1. Determine the net resistance of series and parallel combinations of resistors in a DC
circuit 2. Analyze a DC circuit containing only series and/or parallel resistors to predict current,
and voltage through all devices 3. Given a set of resistors and a power supply, designelectric
circuits to obtain the largest total current leaving the power supplyandthe smallest total current
leaving the power supply 4. Use Kirchoff's Laws to solve for current andvoltage, in a multi-loop
DC circuit containing resistors
Essential Questions: How would you design a string of 100 streetlights so that if one bulb burns
out the others stay lit? Is this the most efficient way to do this in terms of electrical energy usage?
How are electrical devices connected in a home & why?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How would you design a string of 100 streetlights so that if
one bulb burns out the others stay lit? Is this the most efficient way to do this in terms of electrical
energy usage? How are electrical devices connected in a home & why?
Evidence of Learning: R: Q 1-6 BA1: Q 1-3 BA2: Q 1-3 ST: Q 2, 5 &6

Capstone Connection: Apply electric fields and forces to water treatment
Relations: 0
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assignment
Capacitors & Inductors (2019)
 PH.2.05 - Analyze the effects on time dependence and energy storage due to
simple...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 9
Comment(s):
In addition to energy storage, capacitors help one add time-variation to DC circuits.This can be
described non-mathematically by discussing charge buildup on a parallel plate capacitor.i.e. you
should be able to convince students that charging will follow a curve that shows an exponential
slowing down important applications: flash batteries, defibrillators exponential functions: this has
already been argued.Stating that voltage and current are definitely exponentials, with time
constant = RC should then be experimental verified Energy storage in Electric FIELD is a strange
concept: how can there be energy where there may not be any matter? Important to stress, or
show via video, that energy is still stored even if capacitor is in a vacuum With good data analysis
software, you should be able to experimentally demonstrate that the current through capacitor is
proportional time rate of change of voltage across it , which makes for a great calculus
connection
Learning Outcome: Analyze the effects on time dependence and energy storage due to simple
capacitive elements in DC circuits.
Key Concepts: 1. Capacitor charging and discharging 2. Energy storage 3. dielectric material 4.
Time constant 5. Exponential charge/discharge 6. Capacitance in series and parallel group of
connected capacitors
Skills: 1. Use the fact that capacitance increases with size of surface but decreases with
increasing separation to explain why capacitors in parallel 2. Use the fact that capacitance
increases with size of surface, but decreases with increasing separation to explain why
capacitors in series add reciprocally. 3. Calculate charge and voltage across capacitors in DC
circuits once equilibrium is reached 4. Describe i and v characteristics of capacitor in DC circuit
with respect to time mathematically and graphically 5. Measure and predict time constants in
simple RC circuits 6. Calculate the energy stored in the electric field inside a fully charged
capacitor
Essential Questions: How much charge needs to be present in a storm cloud in order for lightning
to strike earth? How large a capacitor is needed for a family to store enough electrical energy for
one day?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How much charge needs to be present in a storm cloud in
order for lightning to strike earth? How large a capacitor is needed for a family to store enough
electrical energy for one day?
Evidence of Learning: R1: Q1 R2: Q 1, 2, 5, 6 R3: Q 1, 3, 5 BA1: Q 2,3 BA2: Q 3, 4, 7, 8 BA3: Q

9, 10 ST1: Q 4, 5 ST2: Q 4 ST3: Q 9 – 13
Capstone Connection: Compare and contrast traditional generator operation to other forms of

alternative energy conversion
Relations: 0
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assignment
Magnetic Fields & Forces (2019)
 PH.2.06 - Predict the direction of magnetic field produced by current-carrying wires

in...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s):
Use only basic right-hand rule...stick to strictly orthogonal situations seek good simulations show
that circular motion of charged particles should be possible...ultimate connection to centripetal
force, to be developed in mechanics mention that, like an electric field that can store energy, it
will turn out that magnetic fields will also have an energy function is there a connection to the
material in CH 3.10?
Learning Outcome: Predict the direction of magnetic field produced by current-carrying wires in

different configurations.
Key Concepts: 1. Magnetic field: strength and direction 2. Magnetic field lines 3. Magnetic flux
and magnetic flux density .4. Magnetic domain 5. Magnetic field due to a straight wire 6.
Magnetic field due to a loop. 7. Magnetic field due to a solenoid. 8 Rules to determine the
direction of magnetic field (Ampere's rule) 9. Polarity of a solenoid.
Skills: 1. Draw the pattern of magnetic field (i.e. magnetic field lines) of two magnetic poles close
to each other (similar and different, i.e north- north and north-south). 2. Draw the pattern of
magnetic field (i.e. magnetic field lines) near current-carrying wires in various configurations (eg.
straight wires, circular and square loops). 3. Calculate the magnetic field strength and direction at
a normal distance from a straight current-carrying wire 4. Calculate the magnetic field strength
and direction at the center of a current-carrying loop. 5. Calculate the magnetic field intensity at a
point on the axis of a solenoid. 6. Determine the position of the neutral point near two long
parallel wires carrying currents in the same or in opposite direction (i.e. the position where the
magnetic field = 0)
Essential Questions: Can power lines cause navigational devices in planes or automobiles to
behave incorrectly due to interfering magnetic fields?Is this a threat to transportation safety? Why
it is advisable to live far away from a high power line?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Can power lines cause navigational devices in planes or
automobiles to behave incorrectly due to interfering magnetic fields?Is this a threat to
transportation safety? Why it is advisable to live far away from a high power line?
Evidence of Learning: * Student can draw the graphs that represent forward and reverse
connection of a P-N junction correctly.
Capstone Connection: Applying modern physics in our daily life to produce energy that is
essential in industrial processes.
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.07 - Determine the magnetic force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic

field...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 13
Comment(s):
At first, extensive use of righthand rule to determine field directions. Then argue that field
strength should be proportional to current (not hard to convince. This can be done with a simple
demo) Then argue that strength must diminish as you move farther from the current. The
question is whether it is invers-square like gravity and electric fields.Turns out that field is only
inversely dependent on distance. This should be demonstrated as opposed to deriving formulas
such as B = UoI/2PiR, etc. Is there a link to CH 3.10? Note that cross-product will be
mathematical developed in mechanics...grade 3
Learning Outcome: Determine the magnetic force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic

field and the effects of the force on the particle's motion.
Key Concepts: 1. Force on moving charge in magnetic field 2. Force on current-carrying wire in
magnetic field 3. Magnetic torque and motors. 4. Measuring devices: (sensitive galvanometer,
ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter)
Skills: 1. Determine the direction of magnetic force on charges moving in constant magnetic fields
2. Determine the direction of magnetic force on a current-carrying wire in a constant magnetic
field 3. Explain the torque that exists on current-carrying loop in a magnetic field (if loop
positioned correctly) 4. Explain how an electrical motor works 5. Explain how a galvanometer
works 6. Explain how to convert a galvanometer into an ammeter. 7. Explain how to convert a
galvanometer into a voltmeter.
Essential Questions: How much force is generated by an electromagnet used to move
automobiles in a junkyard? Is it possible to make a charged particle move in circles using
magnetic force?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How much force is generated by an electromagnet used to

move automobiles in a junkyard? Is it possible to make a charged particle move in circles using
magnetic force?
Evidence of Learning: * Student can determine the factors affect induced EMF and able to draw
the graph that represents these relations correctly.
Capstone Connection: Production of energy needed to be provided for different industrial

processes.
Relations: 0
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assignment
Electromagnetic Induction (2019)
 PH.2.08 - Use Faraday's law of induction to determine induced voltage in

conducting...expand_morelink
Week 01 - 0
Comment(s):
This LO follows up on experimental evidence from 2.07 that voltage is somehow being produced
as current is increasing in coil.There the time rate of change of current was proportional to
voltage across inductor. Here the description is in terms of magnetic field: i.e. as field grows in
coil, there is an induced voltage somewhere. Here I suggest simple situations where loops are
perpendicular to magnetic field /flux should then be introduced...important to show that it is not
necessarily magnetic field change that produces induced voltage, but rather magnetic flux
change. So situations where field changes, and where area changes should be discussed.
Because of its importance, the basic solenoid should be discussed. Its inductance in terms of
number of loops, area , etc. can be surmised based on units and an understanding of flux
change.
Learning Outcome: Use Faraday's law of induction to determine induced voltage in conducting

loopdue to changes in magnetic flux.
Key Concepts: 1. Electromagnetic induction 2. Faraday's law. 3. Lenz’s Law 4. Loops and
solenoids
Skills: 1. Explain electromagnetic induction. 2. Identify the factors that affect the induced EMF in
a conductor. 3. Determine the polarity of induced current in a coil. 4. Give examples of
electromagnetic induction applications. 5. Calculate induced EMF in a variety of basic situations,
including changing B-field, or changing loop area
Essential Questions: How can mechanical energy be converted to electrical energy?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can mechanical energy be converted to electrical

energy?
Evidence of Learning: * Student can solve the truth tables that represent a combination of some
logic gates connected to each other in different ways. * Students can predict the combination of
hidden logic gates according to their truth table. * Students can construct a circuit of logic gates
depending on some provided conditions.
Capstone Connection: Using sensors in some industrial processes.
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.09 - Analyze the effects on time dependance and energy storage due to
simple...expand_morelink
Week 02 - 0
Comment(s):
Note that much more will be done with induction in the coming LO'sIt is important here to
demonstrate the behavior of an inductor in a DC circuit, using language that involves changes in
magnetic field and especially flux...but avoid a mathematical analysis. This is the beginning of a
spiral approach to magnetic field, which will be revisited quite a bit as year 2 progresses. Also,
the intent is to compare to a capacitor, another circuit element that serves as a temporary energy
storage device. Similar to capacitors, inductors help one add time-variation to DC circuits. In a
manner complementary to a capacitor where current is proportional to time rate of voltage, for an
inductor the voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of the current. This is a nice
calculus connection, and can be shown with a straightforward time measurement of voltage and
current. Covering basic inductors provides a nice spiral bookened to capacitors. They are both
similar circuit elements in that they "fight" change to the way charge is flowing or distributed. The
capacitor "fights" change in voltage (because of opposite direction E-field growing inside
capacitor), while the inductor "fights" change in current because of the induced voltage that
arises due to changing magnetic flux in the inductor. Students should learnthat an intriguing
balance can be achieved with both in a circuit.band-pass filter, which In fact it may be valuable to
ask students for their predictions... The RLC circuit is aband-pass filter, which will be covered
later this semester as an example of a very important AC circuit. Finally, this topic provides
another oppportunity to talk about energy...only this time the energy is stored in the magnetic
field.But the comparison with capacitors and stored energy is one of opposites: maximum energy
is stored in the inductor field when the current has reached equilibrium amperage. The capacitor
will have maximum energy stored in its field when no current is flowing. LR circuits provide
another example of exponential behavior. examples of LR circuits should be emphasized, e.g.
solenoid valves
Learning Outcome: Analyze the effects on time dependance and energy storage due to simple
inductive elements in DC circuits.
Key Concepts: 1. Inductor 3.Back emf 4. Inductor charging and discharging 5. Energy storage 6.
RL circuit 7. time constant 8. Exponential charge/discharge
Skills: 1. Use the fact that inductors act like resistors once current begins flowing to why inductors
in series add and inductors in parallel add reciprocally 2. Calculate current through and voltage
across inductors in DC circuits once equilibrium is reached 3. describei and v characteristics of
inductorin DC circuit with respect to time mathematically and graphically 4. Measure and predict
time constants in simple RL circuits 5. Calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field of an
inductor when fully charged
Essential Questions: Are coils of wire with many loops more dangerous than those with fewer
loops when provided electrical power?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Are coils of wire with many loops more dangerous than those
with fewer loops when provided electrical power?
Evidence of Learning: * the student can calculate induced EMF in a generator. * the student can
determine the polarity of the coil. * Student explains the difference between motor and AC
generator
Capstone Connection: 0
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.10 - Analyze production and transmission of electrical energy via
electromagnetic...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
The students will be able to explain the effect of variation of the current in a coil on another coil in
a closed circuit. / mention self- inductance...which goes to explaining the circuit behavior seen in
basic inductors in Y2S1 Calculation of coupling coefficients and mutual induction coefficient
should be done for very simple situations. The goal is to get students to consider the design
principles needed to produce and change voltage for power generation and use.
Learning Outcome: Analyze production and transmission of electrical energy via electromagnetic

induction.
Key Concepts: 1. AC generator 2. Effective value of EMF (rms) 3. D.C. Generator 4.D.CMotor
Skills: 1. Deduce the factors affecting the produced EMF in an A.C. generator. 2. Draw graphs
illustrate the relation between (EMF & THETA) and between (EMF & t) 3. Draw graphs illustrate
the relation between maximum voltage and the parameters affecting it. 4. Design your own
workable model of an A.C. generator. 5. Explain how to Convert A.C. to D.C. 6. Explain what
happens on replacing the resistance load in the D.C. dynamo by a battery.
Essential Questions: Why is it better to transmit electrical power at high voltages?How to transfer
electric energy from power plants to consumption places?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Why is it better to transmit electrical power at high voltages?
How to transfer electric energy from power plants to consumption places?
Evidence of Learning: 0
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.11 - Analyze the behavior of transformers using mutual Induction

expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
There are many skills listed here that are probably at a level higher than is typical in HS; they are
more typically associated with EE majors at a university level. I recommend focusing on the
conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, covering the principles ofmotors vs.
generators and discussing the advantages of high-voltage transmission of electrical energy
based on minimizing resistive losses...which lead to step-up and step-down transformer design
Learning Outcome: Analyze the behavior of transformers using mutual Induction
Key Concepts: 1. Mutual induction between two coils. 2. Factors affecting the mutual induction
between two coils. 3. Coefficient of mutual induction. 4. Transformer.5 Step-up/step-down
transformers 6. Eddy currents
Skills: 1. Compare between forward and reverse current in mutual induction. 2. Give examples on
mutual induction applications 3. Explain the behavior of a tranformer using mutual induction
concepts 4. Calculate primary or secondary voltages given appropriate information about
transformer coil. 5. Explain step-up and step-down transformers 6. Solve problems on
transformer efficiency. 7. Calculate the efficiency of a transformer practically. 8. Design a system
to reduce the loss of energy during transmission of energy from power stations to distribution
areas using transformers. 9. Explain the eddy current. 10. Give examples of eddy current
applications. 11. Compare between A.C. and D.C. transmission of electrical power
Essential Questions: How can voltages be increased or decreased with minimum loss of energy?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can voltages be increased or decreased with minimum
loss of energy?
Relations: 0
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assignment
AC Circuits (2019)
 PH.2.12 - Analyze simple AC circuits containing resistive elements.

expand_morelink
Week 7 - Week 08
Comment(s):
This LO also includes a deep connection to harmonic motion.., i.e. oscillating magnet in loop will
create AC voltage. (Or moving loop/fixed coil) . I would only mention this here. Basically, it is
surprisingly "easy" to generate voltages that oscillate like a sine wave.So this LO is about how
does an alternating power source change what has already been observed for DC circuits.
Harmonic motion to be described in full mathematical detail in mechanics year 3 Note: depending
on whether students will already have complex numbers, students could investigate multiple
sources with different phase because rms voltage/current/power are time averages of sinusoids,
there is a connection to integral calculus
Learning Outcome: Analyze simple AC circuits containing resistive elements.

Key Concepts: 1. AC circuits 2.Hot wire ammeter 3. Reactance of capacitor 4. Reactance of
inductor 5. Impedance 6. rms voltage, current, power
Skills: 1. Determine total impedance of an AC circuit made up of series and paralle combinations
of resistors 2. Understand difference between peak-peak voltage and current measurements and
RMS measurements
Essential Questions: Do resistors and inductors behave the same or differently when power
sources alternate their polarity?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Do resistors and inductors behave the same or differently
when power sources alternate their polarity?
Evidence of Learning: * the student can calculate induced EMF in a secondary coil of a
transformer. * Student can differentiate between the structure of the two types of transformer.

processes.
Relations: 0
SEC Topic & Code: HSST-PH 2.05- HSST-PH 2.02 (HSST-PH 2.05- HSST-PH 2.02)
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assignment
 PH.2.13 - Analyze the filtering charactericstics of circuits containing capacitors...expand_morelink
Week 9 - 0
Comment(s):
Describe impedance = resistance + reactance . Whether this should include full mathematical
treatment including magnitudes of complex impedances will depend on whether it has been
covered already, or will be done in the future. Even without math analysis, the frequency
dependance of reactance should be demonstrated in laboratory or via simulation. Students
should not be very surpised by filtering behivor b/c they have already seen the complementary
behavior of capacitors and inductors in DC circuits Now though we are looking at complementary
behavior of capacitors and inductors in AC circuits It is good to stress the oscillation of energy
between electric and magnetic fields in LCR circuits For an application, filters are essential for
communication systems
Learning Outcome: Analyze the filtering charactericstics of circuits containing capacitors and/or

inductors
Key Concepts: 1. LCR circuit 2. Resonance and resonance circuits 3. Band-pass filter 4. Low-
pass filter 5. High Pass filter
Skills: 1. Measure the resonance behavior of a band pass filter 2. Calculate the resonant
frequency of a band-pass filter 3. Explain how a low pass filter works based on the reactance of
an inductor 4. Explain how a high pass filter works based on the reactance of a capacitor
Essential Questions: What happens when electrical power that oscillates in time is provided to
circuit elements that display time behavior?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What happens when electrical power that oscillates in time is
provided to circuit elements that display time behavior?
Evidence of Learning: * Student can determine self induction of a coil and compare between the
forward and backward induced emf by self- induction of a coil. * Student can draw the graph
between emf induced in a coil by self induction and the time.

processes.
Relations: 0
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assignment
Semiconductors (2019)
 PH.2.14 - Analyze the properties of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors in

terms...expand_morelink
Week 10 - 0
Comment(s):
This LO is the first of several LO's concerning quantum behavior and as such it should not be too
mathematically intense. The basic quantum idea of discrete enerby levels must be discussed,
plus the development of energy bands when many atoms are near each other in a solid. The
quantum stuff is effectively used here to help explain the ability of a designer to manufacture
materials of almost any conductivity between insulators and conductors. Identifying the properties
of intrinsic semiconductors such as Si and Ge, and then the effect of adding dopants that are
either donors or acceptors should be a focus. Calculation of the effective number of charge
carriers should be covered.
Learning Outcome: Analyze the properties of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors in

terms of energy bands and donor or acceptor atoms
Key Concepts: 1. Classification of elements according to electric conductivity. 2. Doping with

donors and acceptors 3. Energy band gap
Skills: 1. Explain the difference between the two kinds of semiconductors (pure - impure, or
intrinsic/extrinsic). 2. Explain the presence of the energy band gap at a P-N junction 3. Calculate
effective numbers of charge carriers
Essential Questions: What is a possible benefit of having a material that conducts electricity, but
not nearly as efficiently as a metal conductor?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is a possible benefit of having a material that conducts
electricity, but not nearly as efficiently as a metal conductor?
Relations: 0
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assignment
 PH.2.15 - Analyze simple DC and AC circuits containing diodes.

expand_morelink
Week 11 - 0
Comment(s):
This follows and amplifies the P/N junctions and band gaps discussed in previous LO-- The goal
is to justify the threshold voltage, and the one-directionality of a basic diode. Discuss what should
happen in forward bias,especially that there will be a threshold voltage.Do a lab demo/web
simulation showing this. Follow up with a discussion of reverse bias, and breakdown voltage.
Applications of both forward and reverse bias should be covered. Analysis of a DC circuit with
one diode should be featured.This is done in two steps: (1) assuming diode is not conducting,
and (2) diode is conducting. If diode is conducting, the threshold voltage appears across the
diode (note connection with this past year's practical exam) For AC circuit, use a basic half-wave
rectifier circuit to analyze/measure. A good assignment is to ask students how to design a full-
wave rectifier. applications of circuits with diodes: LED's...rectifiers and AC/DC converters...
Learning Outcome: Analyze simple DC and AC circuits containing diodes.
Key Concepts: 1.The P-N junction 2. forward vs. reverse bias connection 1. Diodes as one-way
devices 2. Threshold voltage 3. non-ohmic device 4. Voltage Rectification 5. Breakdown voltage
Skills: 1.. Compare with drawing between forward and backward connections of P-N junction. 2.
Give examples of P-N junction applications. 3. Measure practically the current in each of the P-N
junction connections. 5. Describe i-v properites of diodes in forward-bias 6. Describe i-v
properties of diodes in reverse-bias 7. Analyze current through and voltage across resistive
elements when a diode is present in a DC circuit 8. Analyze current through and voltage across
resistive elements when a diode is present in an AC circuit 9. Explain how a rectifier circuit can
be used for AC-DC conversion
Essential Questions: How can AC power be converted to DC power?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can AC power be converted to DC power?
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Transistors (2019)
 PH.2.16 - Analyze basic circuits containing a bipolar transistor used as adigital...expand_morelink
Week 12 - Week 14
Comment(s):
This is an intro to basic n-p-n transistor --- just a description of how each interface works, and
how the base current controlls collector-emitter current.Students should get abasic qualitative
understanding of transistors being off and on --- and that when on the transistors are
"saturated"...i.e.at some fixed level...which leads to the possibility of physically representing 1's
and 0's . The idea of using 1's and 0's for everything leads to the binary system which will be
covered in the next LO.For the purposes here, students should understand that transistors are
turned off/on by controlling asmall base current, i.e allowing for switches activated by any small
source of current. see http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-4/transistor-
switch-bjt/
Learning Outcome: Analyze basic circuits containing a bipolar transistor used as adigital switch
or amplifier.
Key Concepts: 1. Bipolar Transistor (P-N-P) and (N-P-N) 2. Use of the transistor as a digital
switch 3. Use of transistor as an amplifier. 4. base-emitter current 5. collector-emitter current 6.
DC current gain 1. Binary numbers 2. Logic gates 3. truth table
Skills: 1. Draw a circuit to show the usage of the transistor as: a) switch.b) an amplifier. 2..
Describe how a NOT gate can be designed with a single transistor 3.. Implement logical
expressions using standard logic gates 4. express by symbols PNP and NPN transistors 5-
calculate the current gai (amplification factor) and current division factor of a transistor
Essential Questions: Can an electrical switch be manufactured that is activated by a very small
current? Can an electronic device be manufactured that amplifies input signals?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Can an electrical switch be manufactured that is activated by

a very small current? Can an electronic device be manufactured that amplifies input signals?
Relations: 0
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assignment
Physics Grade 3
Optics (2019)
folder
 PH.3.01 - Analyze the motion of travelling transverse and longitudinal waves.
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Week 1 - 0
Comment(s):
Stress that electromagnetic waves are non-mechanical waves, i.e. no medium required --- but
fields are moving through empty space (this is a spiral back to fields) The power of physics: the
mathematics here is same as travelling waves covered in mechanics year 2 S2, with the
complicatin that there are E-fields and B-fields dancing around each other, with an energy flux
density (Poynting vector) in direction of E x B ( a spiral to cross-product, which is covered in
mechanics Y3S1) Sometime should be devoted to talking about how EM waves are created.. and
the parallels with mechanical waves Speed of light in different media, and a wave description of
index of refreaction would be very good if time permits Also, wondering if possible to talk about
wave equation...at least show that sin(kx-wt) satisfies a certain type of differential equation (whcih
may mean the first time partial differentiation is seen ... not sure if students will see this in
calculus) finally, here's an excellent resource: http://en.tekstenuitleg.net/articles/networking/how-
wireless-communication-works in which EM waves are done in context of wireless networks
Learning Outcome: Analyze the motion of travelling transverse and longitudinal waves.
Key Concepts: 1. Mechanical waves 2. Transverse waves 3. Longitudinal waves 4. Wave speed
in a medium 5. Wavelength
Skills: 1. Describe travelling waves using sin(kx-wt) 2. Determine speed of waves on a string 3.
Understand pressure and displacement views of a travelling longitudinal wave
Essential Questions: What are the main types of the waves?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What are the main types of the waves?
Evidence of Learning: Questions and problems from Haliday Holt: Practice (B) page 427. Holt:
Review page 431. Holt: page 434 - 435 Review. quizzes on google drive and some others are
hard copies
Capstone Connection: Introduction for communication and communication systems. Integration

with STEM Subject areas Math., G. 2, S.1, L.O. 2.04
Relations: 0
SEC Topic & Code: HSS-PH 3.02 (HSS-PH 3.02)
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 PH.3.02 - Analyze oscillatory motion.
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Week 02 - Week 03
Comment(s):
0
Learning Outcome: Analyze oscillatory motion.
Key Concepts: 1. Oscillation as a periodic motion 2. Parameters of oscillatory motion (amplitude -

frequency - periodic time - energy) 3. Applications of oscillation (resonance - earthquakes -
bridges)
Skills: 1. Identify the amplitude of oscillation 2. Recognize the relationship between frequency
and period 3. Measure oscillation parameters practically 4. Determine the free fall acceleration
practically through the Oscillation of a pendulum 5. Apply the concept of energy conservation to
simple harmonic motion
Essential Questions: What is the relation between the frequency and the wavelength of a wave?
Explain how dos the energy is conserved in the simple pendulum?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the relation between the frequency and the
wavelength of a wave? Explain how dos the energy is conserved in the simple pendulum?
Evidence of Learning: Questions and problems from Haliday Holt: Practice (B) page 427. Holt:
Review page 431. Holt: page 434 - 435 Review. quizzes on google drive and some others are
hard copies
Capstone Connection: Modern communications use waves. Integration with STEM subject areas:
Math., G. 2, S.1, L.O. 2.04
Relations: 0
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Reflection of light (2019)
folder
 PH.3.03 - Use geometrical optics and laws of reflectionto analyze the path of
light...expand_morelink
Week 03 - Week 04
Comment(s):
0
Learning Outcome: Use geometrical optics and laws of reflectionto analyze the path of light rays
in optical systems consisting of planar mirrors.
Key Concepts: 1. Light rays 2. Law of Reflection. 3. Real & Virtual image. 4. Image formation in
plane mirror. 5. Focus & Optical axis. 6. Convex & Concave mirrors. 7. Magnification.
Skills: 1. Use law of reflection to determine the position and size of image(s) formed when an
object placed in front of a set of plane mirrors. 2. Predict image formed by concave/convex
mirrors using ray-tracing and mirror equation. 3. Use optical bench to confirm mirror equations.
Essential Questions: What is the size of the smallest plane mirror that you need to view an image
of your entire body?
Textbook and Resource Materials: What is the size of the smallest plane mirror that you need to
view an image of your entire body?
Evidence of Learning: Holt: practice (B) page 379 Haliday: page 386 Haliday: page 403 Haliday
page 404. Quizzes on google drive. Experiment.
Capstone Connection: Introduction for communication and communication systems.
Relations: 0
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Communications (2019)
folder
 PH.3.04 - Design a system of communication through applying previous
knowledge...expand_morelink
Week 05 - Week 06
Comment(s):
This LO allows for a dramatic tie-in with the previous LO, in which Planc's energy quanta are now
identified with photons This LO allows you to spiral back to energy levels and bands that
appeared at the end of physics Y2s2. In photoemissin problems, be sure to cover situations
where incident intensity remains the same, or where it changes applications: solar cells --- lasers
This LO is probably the right place to talk about the connections with wave view and particle view
... & the geometric optics approach. i.e. things like amplitude of wave is proportional to photon
flux
Learning Outcome: Design a system of communication through applying previous knowledge
(electronics, LASER, mechanical...
Key Concepts: 1. Basic elements of communication. 2. Ground, Sky, Space wave propagation. 3.
Antennas. 4. Covering range of T.V transmitting tower. 5. Maximum usable frequency. 6. Satellite
communication. 7. Mobile phones. 8. Optical fibers.
Skills: 1. Design a flowchart to express a communication system 2. Explain how information can
be transmitted as variation in amplitude and frequency of waves 3. Use diagrams to design a
system of communication 4. Analyze different communication systems to identify sorts of
variation included 5. Apply previous knowledge (electronics, LASER, mechanical waves and em
waves) to design 6. A system of communication and transmitting data
Essential Questions: Local TV Channels can not transfer matches of soccer world Cup, why?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Local TV Channels can not transfer matches of soccer world
Cup, why?
Evidence of Learning: Quizzes on the internet
Capstone Connection: an introduction for communications
Relations: 0
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 PH.3.05 - Describe how information can be transmitted via electromagnetic radiation

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Week 07 - Week 08
Comment(s):
First real detailed to quantum stuff (recall that energy levels and energy bands, band gaps,etc.
have been described in semiconductor LO's) Blackbody radiation is important. Wien's and
Stefan-Boltzman Laws are topics for classroom, or reading, but are not essential to the quantum
view. What is essential is Planck's explanation of black-body curve assuming quantized energy ...
which ultimately became recognized as photon energy in photoelectric effect. If time permits,
quantum explanatin of Wien is a good idea. It's also a good idea to start introducing phenomena
that are explained by energy quantization, and observations that are analyzed using conservatin
of energy principles. Hence Compton scattering and x-ray production are good examples. Check
out this pdf of slideshow from UCSD:
http://www-physics.ucsd.edu/students/courses/winter2009/physics1C/documents/
8.1Particlenatureoflight.pdf
Learning Outcome: Describe how information can be transmitted via electromagnetic radiation
Key Concepts: 1. Encoding information 2. Amplitude modulation 3. Frequency modulation 4.

Digital vs analog data 5. Digital vs. analog transmission 6. Wifi 7. Sampling.
Skills: 1. Convert base 10 values to binary and vice-versa 2. Explain how AM can be used to
encode digital data. 3. Explain how FM can be used to encode digital data. 4. Analyze effect of
sampling rate on data transmission
Essential Questions: How can TV, radio, cellular, and data signals be transmitted through open
air, and even outer space?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can TV, radio, cellular, and data signals be transmitted
through open air, and even outer space?
Evidence of Learning: quizzes on google drive and some others are hard copies
Capstone Connection: using LASER in communications
Relations: 0
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Refraction of light. (2019)
folder
 PH.3.06 - Use geometrical optics to analyze image formation from
concave/convex...expand_morelink
Week 09 - 0
Comment(s):
Demos and laboratory are very effective here, especially for index of refraction and total internal
reflection. It is encouraged to do a number of problems totally geometrically qualitatively, without
resorting to formulas. In this way students should be encouraged to think more about which way
light rays bend when passing through dense to less-dense optical material (or vice-versa) in
addition to flat lenses, total internal reflection and fiber optics should also be discussed here is an
excellent slide show on refraction from U Colorado:
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1230/phys1230_sp09/classnotes/6_Refraction.pdf
Learning Outcome: Use geometrical optics to analyze image formation from concave/convex

lenses.
Key Concepts: 1. Index of refraction. 2. Snell’s law. 3. Total internal reflection. 4. Focus & Optical
axis. 5. Real & Virtual image. 6. Convex & Concave lenses. 7. Magnification.
Skills: 1. Predict image formed by concave/convex lenses using ray-tracing and lens equation. 2.
Determine critical angle for total internal reflection when light passes from more dense to less
dense optical material. 3. Explain the optics of areflecting telescope. 4. Explain the optics of a
refracting telescope. 5. Explain the optics of a compound microscope. 6. Use an optical bench to
measure the focal point of lenses. 7. Use optical bench to confirm lens equations.
Essential Questions: Explain why travelers may think that they see water in a "phantom oasis"
Textbook and Resource Materials: Explain why travelers may think that they see water in a
"phantom oasis"
Capstone Connection: using waves in communications
Relations: 0
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 PH.3.07 - Use wave description of light to analyze interference and diffraction.

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Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s):
Note that some of the skills her are also listed in the LO before it...The two together are basically
one long LO
Learning Outcome: Use wave description of light to analyze interference and diffraction.
Key Concepts: 1. Superposition 2. Constructive/Destructive Interference 3. Slits and interference

patterns 4. Diffraction gratings 5. Resolution of optical instruments.
Skills: 1. Explain/analyze young double-slit experiment 2. Explain/analyze use of diffractio
gratings to produce monochromatic radiation 3. Calculate the resolving power of an objective
lens
Essential Questions: •What is the resolving power of your eye? •How large can a photo taken on
your smart phone be enlarged before the image degrades?
Textbook and Resource Materials: •What is the resolving power of your eye? •How large can a
photo taken on your smart phone be enlarged before the image degrades?
Evidence of Learning: Questions and problems from Haliday-quizzes on google drive and some
others are hard copies - Experiments
Relations: 0
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 PH.3.08 - Analyze light as electromagnetic waves consisting of travelling electric
Week 12 - 0
Comment(s):
This LO should focus more on encoding digital data into either analog or digital transmission.
here's a website with the basic idea;
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/communications/1-how-is-data-put-on-radio-
waves.html
Learning Outcome: Analyze light as electromagnetic waves consisting of travelling electric and

magnetic field waves
Key Concepts: 1. Electromagnetic waves 2. Wave properties: frequency, wavelength, speed 3.

Polarized vs unpolarized light 4. Electromagnetic spectrum 5. Energy in electromagnetic waves
Skills: .1. Describe experimental observatins that suggest light is a wave 2. Understand different
regions of EM spectrum (IR, UV, visible, x-ray. etc..) and their uses 3. Explain how speed of light
is determined 4. Explain evidence that speed of light constant in all reference frames
Essential Questions: How can light be characterized as both a wave and a particle?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can light be characterized as both a wave and a particle?
Evidence of Learning: Questions and problems from Haliday- quizzes on google drive and some
others are hard copies - Experiments
Capstone Connection: None Integration with STEM subject areas: Chem. , G.1 S.1, L.O. 3.03
Relations: 0
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 PH.3.09 - Analyze the production of complex waves using the principle of...expand_morelink
Week 13 - Week 14
Comment(s):
0
Learning Outcome: Analyze the production of complex waves using the principle of

superposition.
Key Concepts: 1. Superposition of waves. 2. Interference. 3. Diffraction.

Skills: 1. Draw diagrams to express the resultant wave due to superposition between two waves.
2. Analyze the outcome of constructive and destructive interference of transverse wave pulses
and use this to make predictions with other wave pulses. 3. Students will also recognize the
standing wave on a resonant spring as being the superposition of two sinusoidal travelling waves.
Essential Questions: 0
Textbook and Resource Materials: 0
Evidence of Learning: Questions and problems from Haliday - quizzes (hard copies)
Capstone Connection: None
Relations: 0
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Quantum Nature of Light (2019)
 PH.3.10 - Discuss evidence for the particle model of light and analyze specific...expand_morelink
Week 01 - Week 03
Comment(s):
This LO brings back Newtonian ideas, namely the nature of force allowing electrons to spin in the
Bohr model (which must be emphasized as definitely what is not actully happening in the atom,
but nevertheless provides a model with very accurate predictive power. This is a nice opportunity
to discuss the nature of physical models) The Bohr model can be used to go into incredible detail
on the line spectra of hydrogen, including Balmer, Rydberg, etc. Push Bohr to higher Z atoms
ionized so that only one electron remains is a worthwhile exercise. See
http://courses.washington.edu/bhrchem/c152/Lec17.pdffor possibilities
Learning Outcome: Discuss evidence for the particle model of light and analyze specific
situations in terms of energy, wavelength, and temperature
Key Concepts: 1. Blackbody radiation 2. Energy quantization 3. Planck's Constant 4. Photon 5. x-

rays 6. Inelastic scattering (Compton effect). Wave nature of the particle.
Skills: 1. Explain blackbody radiation, including laws associated with ernergy distribution (Wien,
Stefan-Boltzman) 2. Solve Wien and Stefan-Boltzman type problems 3. Explain impossibility of
wave explanation (ultraviolet catastrophe) 4. Explain Planck's success in matching blackbody
distribution using assumption of quantized energy changes 5. Determine relationship between
kinetic energy of electrons and emitted photons in x-ray emission 6. Apply the law of
conservation of energy in analysis of Compton scattering and x-ray production. 7. Determine
relationship between kinetic energy of electrons and emitted photons in x-ray emission 8.
Properties of photon (Energy, mass, momentum, rate of photons, force) 9. Solve problems on
De-Broglie equation.
Essential Questions: •How can we tell the temperature of the sun and other stars? •How are x-
rays produced?
Textbook and Resource Materials: •How can we tell the temperature of the sun and other stars?
•How are x-rays produced?
Capstone Connection: None.
Relations: 0
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 PH.3.11 - Analyze the interaction of light and matter using the Photoelectric
Effect...expand_morelink
Week 04 - Week 05
Comment(s):
Depeding on what is done in CHM, there may be a lot of overlap here, including analysis of x-ray
data for crystal structure determination. Plenty of simulations available for crystal structure, and
erngy band formation
Learning Outcome: Analyze the interaction of light and matter using the Photoelectric Effect
where appropriate.
Key Concepts: 1. Photoelectric effect 2. Work function 3. Intensity 4. Cut-off frequency 5. LED's
6. Laser 7. Photocell
Skills: 1. Calculate cut-off frequency that will generate photoelectricity for a given material 2.
Predict how photocurrent varies with changes in frequency and intensity 3. Compare wave and
photon views of light 4. Describe principles behind photoabsorption and photoemission 5. Explain
basic physics of Lasers 6. Explain basic physics of LED's 7. Explain basic conversion of light to
electrical energy using photocell 8. Solar cell calculations:fill factor, efficiency; explanation of
deviation from ideal behavior.
Essential Questions: •How can the sun's energy be used to generate electricity? •What is the
explanation for the Greenhouse effect?
Textbook and Resource Materials: •How can the sun's energy be used to generate electricity?
•What is the explanation for the Greenhouse effect?
Capstone Connection: None.
Relations: 0
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assignment
Materials Physics 1: Thermal & Electrical Properties (2019)
 PH.3.12 - Explain the thermal and electrical properites of materials using

quantum...expand_morelink
Week 06 - Week 07
Comment(s):
Depending on the level to be covered, the material here can be quite mathematical, including,
say, BCS theory of superconductivity.But this would involve coverage of phonons, coupled
oscillators, etc. Same with superfluids: one would have to get into phonon distributions as
functions of T.(Note: b/c of this, there are mathematical similarities between superfluids and
superconductors) Probably best to be simply descriptive here, with focus on general rules of
thumb, applications, and current research, e.g. high -T superconductors. Stress the energy
benefits of superconductivity...
Learning Outcome: Explain the thermal and electrical properites of materials using quantum
concepts from solid-state physics
Key Concepts: 1. Solid-state physics 2. Crystal structure 3. Coulomb forces 4. Phonons 5.

Energy bands.
Skills: 1. Explain typical metal crystal structures (Simple cube, fcc, bcc, hcp) 2. Analyze vibration
modes in a 1-D crystal structure 3, Miller indecies. 4. Explain how photoelectron spectroscopy
can be used to probe electron energy bands in solids
Essential Questions: •Why is iron a conductor while silicon is a semi-conductor? •Why is the
speed of sound in titanium so much higher than in air?
Textbook and Resource Materials: •Why is iron a conductor while silicon is a semi-conductor?

•Why is the speed of sound in titanium so much higher than in air?
Evidence of Learning: Haliday textbook
Capstone Connection: None. Integration with STEM subject areas: Math. G. 3, S.2, L.O. 3.10,
3.11 Chem. G.3 S.2, L.O. 3.12 , 3.14
Relations: 0
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Materials Physics 2: Low Temperature Physics (2019)
 PH.3.13 - Explain the superconductivity and/or superfluidity for certain materials

at...expand_morelink
Week 08 - Week 09
Comment(s):
See Nanotechnology Classroom Activities and Curriculum Materials: an incredible resource for all
disciplines, organized by school level and discipline... http://www.nnin.org/education-training/k-
12-teachers/nanotechnology-curriculum-materials
Learning Outcome: Explain the superconductivity and/or superfluidity for certain materials at very
low temperatures using quantum mechanics concepts.
Key Concepts: 1. Cooling processes 2. Van Der Walls effect and chemical reaction 3. Super
fluidity 4. Viscosity 5. Bose-Einstein condensates 6. Superconductivity 7. Cooper pairs
Skills: 1. Explain several cooling mechanisms that can bring materials close to 0K 2. Explain the
properties of superfluids 3. Explain some applications of superfluidity. 4. Explain the properties of
some metals at very low temperature. 5. Explain some applications of superconductors.
Essential Questions: Does life as we know it come to a stop when the temperature is Absolute
Zero?
Textbook and Resource Materials: Does life as we know it come to a stop when the temperature
is Absolute Zero?
Relations: 0
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assignment
Materials Physics 3: Nanoparticles (2019)
 PH.3.14 - Decribe new mechanical and electrical properties for objects in the
nanoscale...expand_morelink
Week 10 - Week 11
Comment(s):
Relativitistic kinematics has already been covered in mechanics (Y3S1). Now is the time to
develop relativistic mass, energy-mass equivalent, etc....
Learning Outcome: Decribe new mechanical and electrical properties for objects in the nanoscale
range.
Key Concepts: 1. Nanoparticles 2. Nanofabrication 3. Atomic force microscope 4. Scanning

tunneling microscope 5. Nanotubes
Skills: Skills will depend on focus areas.For ideas see: http://www.nnin.org/education-training/k-
12-teachers/nanotechnology-curriculum-materials
Essential Questions: How can the science and engineering of nanomaterials be used to
design/create more energy efficient materials for construction in Egypt?
Textbook and Resource Materials: How can the science and engineering of nanomaterials be
used to design/create more energy efficient materials for construction in Egypt?
Relations: 0
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assignment

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Biology Grade 1

Cell Biology (2019)

 1. Cell theory and disease.

 1. Compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes

 Modeling DNA structure:

Skills: Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA.

 BI.1.05 - Investigate the functions of different classes of proteins and the

Skills: Correlate (identify the relationship between) structure and function.

Cell Biology (part 2) (2019)

 1. Cell growth and division.

Skills: Record observations and identify trends in data

 1. STEM cells types according to differentiation

 1. The relationship between cell protein and viral protein.

Skills: 1. Explain and interpret data. 2. Design and prepare a simulation.

Plant Anatomy and Physiology (2019)

 1. Plant tissues: meristematic and permanent.

 BI.1.10 - Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular...expand_morelink

Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular

 1. Capturing the light energy.

 BI.1.11 - Create your own experiment to investigate a factor that affects...expand_morelink

 BI.1.13 - Connect the cycling of carbon to global climate change: 1) forms of

 BI.1.15 - Analyze an ecosystem in Egypt that has become unbalanced and

Genetically Modified Food (2019)

 BI.2.06 - Interpret how sex-linked chromosomes and abnormalities of chromosomes

Learning Outcome: Interpret how sex-linked chromosomes and abnormalities of chromosomes

Genetically Modified Food (part 2) (2019)

Human Sexual Reproduction (2019)

 BI.2.12 - Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution and their...expand_morelink

Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution and their

 BI.2.14 - Explain how human activities impact the sustainability of biodiversity.expand_morelink

Learning Outcome: Explain how human activities impact the sustainability of biodiversity.

Nervous System (2019)

Muscular/Skeletal System (2019)

Endocrine System (2019)

Learning Outcome: Explain how the release of hormones facilitates communication of animals of

 BI.3.08 - Predict the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis.expand_morelink

Learning Outcome: Predict the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis.

Digestive System (2019)

Excretory System (2019)

 BI.3.12 - Conclude the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis,...expand_more

Learning Outcome: Conclude the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis,

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems (2019)

Matter and its Properties (2019)

Textbook and Resource Materials: What if everyone in the government used the

Evidence of Learning: R: Students will ABLE TO GIVE DEFINITION FOR

Relations: ME.1.01; (Study the scientific concepts and graph parameters. MA.1.05;

SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.01 (HSST-CH 1.01)

 CH.1.02 - Demonstrate understanding of atomic structure, subatomic particles,

Learning Outcome: Demonstrate understanding of atomic structure, subatomic particles, their

Textbook and Resource Materials: How is an atom similar to and different from a

Relations: ES.1.02; (Chemical structure, mixture, parameters of compounds like

 CH.1.03 - Demonstrate their understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and

Learning Outcome: Demonstrate their understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and the

Textbook and Resource Materials: How do fireworks create different colors?

Evidence of Learning: Conduct flame tests to determine the identity of different

Capstone Connection: Material properties of building materials (and paints and

SEC Topic & Code: HSST-CH 1.02 (HSST-CH 1.02)

Learning Outcome: Through laboratory investigations develop operational definitions of chemical

 1. Structure of the periodic table.