ENGLISH 12 – UNITS 1: LIFE STORIES

VOCABULARY OF UNIT 1
MEANING
WORD / PHRASE IPA MEANING (ENGLISH) (VIETNAMESE
)
1. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/(n): something very good and difficult that Thành tựu
you have succeeded in doing:
2. anonymous /əˈnɒnɪməs/(a): made or done by someone whose ẩn danh
name is not known or not made public:

3. dedication /ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn/(n): the willingness to give a lot of time cống hiến

= devotion and energy to something because it is
devote /dedicate (his important:
life) to (the poor)
4. diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/(v): to recognize and name the exact Chẩn đoán
character of a disease or a problem,
by examining it:

5. distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ (a): Very successful, respected and Ưu tú

admired for excellence.
6. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ (n): the shape of the human body, or a Nhân vật
person:
7. generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/(n): willingness to give money, help, Rộng lượng
kindness, etc., especially more than is
usual or expected:
8. hospitalization /ˌhɒspɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): the act of taking someone to hospital Nhập viện
- hospitalize (v) and keeping them there for treatment:

9. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/(n): continued effort and determination: Kiên trì

- persevere (a)
(person)
10. prosthetic leg /prɒsˈθetɪk leɡ/(n.phr): Artificial leg (that replaces the missing Chân giả
- prosthetic (n) one)
11. reputation = fame /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ (n): the general opinion that people have Danh tiếng
Famous / well-known about someone or something:
(a)
12. respectable /rɪˈspektəbl/(a): considered to be socially acceptable Đáng được tôn
because of your good character, trọng
respectful  /rɪˈspekt.fəl/ a showing politeness or honour to Thể hiện sự tôn
someone or something: trọng
13. talented = gifted /ˈtæləntɪd/ (a): with talent; able or skilful: Tài năng
(writer)
14. waver = hesitate /ˈweɪvə(r)/ (v): If you waver between two possibilities, Phân vân
you cannot decide which of them to
choose

 Expressions and collocations:

- Have make a (great /high) impact on sb/ sth = have a (strong) effect / influence on sb / sth
- Take advantage of sb
Di An High School - English 12 – Vocabulary and Grammar points
2
- Be awarded the title…
- Be diagnosed with (bone cancer)
- Admire sb for sth
- Be nominated (formally suggested) for / as (job/ task/ election/ prize): được đề cử
- Adopt a new way of life
- Where there is a will, there is a way
- Don’t allow misfortune to get in your way to success: không để vận xui làm mình nhụt chí
- Have / get/ be given a chance to do sth # miss a chance to do sth
“I’d go now given half a chance = if I had the slightest opportunity)
- Make progress: tiến bộ
- Gain / earn/establish/acquire a reputation as (a first class cook): có tiếng là…

Exercises 1: Fill in each gap with the correct form of a word in the vocabulary list.
1. He had a long and distinguished career as a diplomat.
2. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young.
3. He has always shown great dedication to the cause.
4. She was diagnosed with/as having diabetes.
5. Because of the severity of the accident, the patient required hospitalization.
6. It was generous of you to lend me the money.
7. He gained a reputation as an entertaining speaker.
8. This part of the city has become quite respectable in the last ten years.
9. There was a respectful two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.
10. I could see two tall figures in the distance
11. Peter is an exceptionally talented lawyer. I admired him so much.
12. Through hard work and perse’verance, he worked his way up to the top.
13. She hestitated between believing him and thinking that he was lying.
14. An anonymous businesswoman donated one million dollars to the charity.
15. Some of them are in wheelchairs, some wearing prosthetic legs.
16. Soil, water and air pollution has a great influence on the standard of our living.
17. My form teacher was nominated for the best teacher in my school.
18. He was awarded the title of the best manager of the year.
19. The people injured in that accident were hospitalized immediately.
20. I think young people should take advantage of the convenience of the Internet to
learn English more effectively.

GRAMMAR OF UNIT 1
A. THE PAST SIMPLE VS. THE PAST CONTINUOUS (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN SO VỚI THÌ QUÁ
KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
1. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động (dài) đang diễn ra (quá khứ tiếp diễn) thì 1 hành động khác (ngắn hơn)
xen vào (quá khứ đơn)
Ex: A storm hit the island while I was enjoying my holiday there last year.
When he came, we were having dinner.
* Dấu hiệu: có when, while trong ngữ cảnh quá khứ.
2. Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn có thể sử dụng cùng với ‘always, constantly’ đễ diễn tả lời phàn nàn, than phiền
trong quá khứ.
Ex: Our neighbour was always complaining about the noise in the building.
He was constantly talking during the meeting last week.

B. DEFINITE ARTICLES AND OMISSION OF ARTICLES

A. Các trường hợp luôn dùng ‘THE”
1. Trước danh từ được nhắc đến lần 2
Yesterday I bought a book. The book is on fish.
Di An High School - English 12 – Vocabulary and Grammar points
2
 2. Trước dt chỉ một vật duy nhất : the sun, the earth , the moon….
3. Trước so sánh nhất: the biggest / the most beautiful / the only….
4. Trước số thứ tự : the first / the second / the next / the last / the same…
5. Trước danh từ chỉ dụng cụ âm nhạc : the piano / the guitar / the flute…
6. Trước tên riêng của nhà hàng, khách sạn, bảo tàng , thư viện, rạp hát, rạp bóng, khách sạn, công trình
quan trọng…
The Tower of London, The National Gallery, the museum, the stadium, the cinema, the Grand
Hotel…
7. Trước tên một địa danh: sông, đại dương , vùng biển, quốc gia số nhiều, sa mạc, rặng núi, quần
đảo…
The Red River / the Atlantic Ocean / The USA / The Philippines / the Netherlands/ the UK/ the
Sahara, the Andes…
8. Trước danh từ chỉ phương hướng: the South / the North / the West / the East
9. The + adj = N để chỉ nhóm người có chung đặc điểm : the poor/ the homeless/ the young…
10. The + họ số nhiều = gia đình : the Browns / the Smiths….
11. The + danh từ chỉ quốc tịch = dân tộc : the Vietnamese / / the Chinese…(dân tộc VN)
12. Trước danh từ có một cụm từ hay mệnh đề theo sau bổ nghĩa (mệnh đề quan hệ )  danh từ xác
định
The girl in blue is my sister
The place where I met her is not far from his house.

B. Các trường hợp không dùng mạo từ (a/an / the)

1. Trước dt chỉ môn thể thao : I like to play badminton.
2. Trước danh từ chỉ thành phố, đường phố, quốc gia số ít, công viên , lục địa, đảo, vịnh, núi
They live on Le Loi street , in Hanoi.
Ha Long bay/ sword lake/ Easter Island/ Mt Everest
3. Trước danh từ đứng sau sở hữu cách --> This is Nam’s book.
4. Trước các danh từ : bed , church, school , hospital, prison , home để chỉ mục đích chính.
I go to school six days a week. (tôi đi học)
Nhưng nếu chỉ mục đích khác ta vẫn dùng ‘The’
My mother went to the school to see the headmaster.
5. Trước danh từ trừu tượng, có nghĩa tổng quát: Men fear death.
6. Trước dt chỉ tên gọi các bữa ăn : breakfast / lunch / dinner ( I have breakfast at 6 everyday)
7. Trước các phương tiện vận chuyển nói chung: by car / by bus…
8. Trước các tên nước chỉ có một từ : France/ China / Vietnam… hoặc 2 từ như : New Zealand / South
Africa
9. Các châu lục, bang, hành tinh : Europe , Africa…/ Florida, Ohio…/ Venus, Mars, Jupiter….
10. Các môn học / tên trường bắt đầu bằng tên riêng: Mathematics, Sociology…/ Hong Bang college / Di
An high school….
11. Các kỳ nghỉ : Christmas / Easter / Tet holiday…
12. Số đếm sau danh từ : World war one # the first World War / chapter three….
13. Danh từ chỉ tiếng nói : Vietnamese, English, Japanese….
Exercises 2: Simple past or Past Continuous?
1. What (you/do) were you doing when I (call) called you last night? I (sit) was sitting in a café.
2. When you (arrive) arrived at the party, who (be) was there?
3. Yesterday I (go) went to the library, next I (have) had a swim, later I (meet) met Julie for coffee.
4. John (hurt) hurted his ankle when we (play) was playing tennis.
5. What (they/do) were they doing at 10pm last night ? - it (be) was really noisy.
6. He (take) was taking a shower when the telephone rang (ring).
7. He (be) was in the shower when the telephone (ring) rang.
8. When I (walk) walked into the room, everyone was working (work).
9. It (be) was a day last September. The sun (shine) was shining and the birds (sing) were singing. I
(walk) was walking along the street when I (meet) met an old friend.
10. He (live) was living in Russia when the Revolution started (start).

Di An High School - English 12 – Vocabulary and Grammar points

2
 11. When her train (get) got to the station, we (wait) was waiting on the platform.
12. He (be) was so annoying! He (always leave) was always leaving his things everywhere.
13. Why (stand) were you standing on a chair when I (come) came into the room?
14. They (live) lived in Germany when they (be) were young.
15. At 7pm yesterday, we (listen) were listening to music.
Exercises 3: Fill in each blank with A, AN, THE or nothing.
1. Please turn off THE lights when you leave THE room.
2. We are looking for people with - experience.
3. You’ll get A shock (an electric shock) if you touch A live wire with that screwdriver.
4. THE youngest boy has just started going to ________ school. THE eldest boy is at ________
college.
5. Do you go to THE prison to visit him?
6. Do you like to hear A story about AN English scientist?
7. There’ll always be a conflict between THE old and THE young.
8. There was A collision at THE corner.
9. My mother goes to work in THE morning.
10. I am on night duty. When you go to ________ bed, I go to ________ work.
11. THE Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from ______France to THE United States.
12. THE Pacific Ocean has many different types of fish.
13. THE Nile is a very beautiful river.
14. They studied the geology of THE Sahara Desert.
15. Have you ever seen ______ Mount Fuji?
16. Last year we visited ______ St. Paul's Cathedral and THE Tower.
17. ______ Loch Ness is the most famous lake in Scotland.
18. ______ most children like ______ sweets.
19. THE summer of 1996 was hot and dry.
20. ______ smog is A problem in ______ big cities.

Di An High School - English 12 – Vocabulary and Grammar points

2