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    Experiment 110-Kirchhoffs-Laws

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    Karl Castro
    This document describes an experiment using Kirchhoff's laws to analyze a circuit that cannot be reduced to a simple series-parallel combination. The circuit contains two DC power supplies, three resistors, and cannot be solved using traditional methods. Kirchhoff's laws, consisting of the junction law and loop law, allow the currents and voltages in the circuit to be systematically determined and compared to observed values. The objectives are to use Kirchhoff's laws to find the current through and voltage across resistors in the circuit.

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    Experiment 110-Kirchhoffs-Laws

    Uploaded by

    Karl Castro
    34 views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment using Kirchhoff's laws to analyze a circuit that cannot be reduced to a simple series-parallel combination. The circuit contains two DC power supplies, three resistors, and cannot be solved using traditional methods. Kirchhoff's laws, consisting of the junction law and loop law, allow the currents and voltages in the circuit to be systematically determined and compared to observed values. The objectives are to use Kirchhoff's laws to find the current through and voltage across resistors in the circuit.

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    This document describes an experiment using Kirchhoff's laws to analyze a circuit that cannot be reduced to a simple series-parallel combination. The circuit contains two DC power supplies, three resistors, and cannot be solved using traditional methods. Kirchhoff's laws, consisting of the junction law and loop law, allow the currents and voltages in the circuit to be systematically determined and compared to observed values. The objectives are to use Kirchhoff's laws to find the current through and voltage across resistors in the circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    34 views5 pages

    Experiment 110-Kirchhoffs-Laws

    Uploaded by

    Karl Castro
    This document describes an experiment using Kirchhoff's laws to analyze a circuit that cannot be reduced to a simple series-parallel combination. The circuit contains two DC power supplies, three resistors, and cannot be solved using traditional methods. Kirchhoff's laws, consisting of the junction law and loop law, allow the currents and voltages in the circuit to be systematically determined and compared to observed values. The objectives are to use Kirchhoff's laws to find the current through and voltage across resistors in the circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    EXPERIMENT NO.

    110 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

    INTRODUCTION

    Many resistor circuits cannot be reduced to simple series-parallel combinations. In Figure 1 for example,
    two DC power supplies V1 and V2, and three resistors R 1, R2, and R3 are connected in a circuit that cannot be solved
    by simple parallel or series combinations. We don’t need new principles to compute the currents in such a circuit.
    There are some techniques that can be used to solve such problems systematically. One such technique is called
    Kirchhoff’s Laws developed by the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887)

    OBJECTIVES

    1. To determine the current through resistors in a DC circuit work using Kirchhoff’s laws and compare the
    values obtained with the observed ones.
    2. To determine the voltage across resistors in a DC circuit using Kirchhoff’s laws and compare the values
    obtained with the observed ones.

    MATERIALS

    3 pc resistor box
    1 pc voltmeter
    1 pc ammeter
    10 pcs connecting wires
    1 pc digital multimeter
    4 pcs battery

    THEORY
    Kirchhoff’s Laws consists of the Junction Law and the Loop Law. A junction is a point in a circuit where 3
    or more conductors are connected. In Figure 1, points B and E are junctions. A loop is a closed part of a circuit.
    In Figure 1, ABEFA is a loop. BCDEB and ACDFA are also loops.
    Junction Law: The algebraic sum of currents through any junction is equal to zero.
    Lo I = 0
    at To
    Loop Law: In any loop, the sum of potential drops and voltages from the sources is equal to zero.
    L
    V= 0
    The junction lawat
    is Tbased on the law of conservation of charge while the loop law is based on the law of
    conservation of energy. L

    The change in length ΔL is the difference of the final length from its i
    Figure 1

    ΔL=L−Lo (eqn. 1)

    66
    To use Kirchhoff’s laws, a diagram of the network is drawn and arbitrary current directions are
    marked on the diagram. The current flowing through each resistor is labeled I 1, I2, etc. The junction law is
    applied to each junction to derive the junction equation. The junction equation/s that can be used to analyze
    the circuit is always one less the number of junctions.

    R1 R3
    A B C
    Wire 1 Wire 3

    I1 I3

    V1 I2 R2 V2

    F E D
    E Wire 2 Figure 1

    SIGN CONVENTIONS:

    Junction Law: Current entering a junction is positive and current leaving the junction is negative.
    Loop Law:
    Voltage source or battery: As you go around a loop, if the loop direction enters the negative terminal of the
    battery, voltage is positive, otherwise voltage is negative.

    Resistor: As you go around a loop and through a resistor, if the loop direction is in the same direction as the
    current through the resistor, it is considered a potential drop and IR is negative. If the loop direction is
    opposite the direction of the current through the resistor, it is considered a potential rise and IR is positive.

    SETUP

    67
    GUIDE QUESTIONS: (For Group Report)

    1. For junction B in Figure 1, write the equation for Kirchhoff’s Junction Law.
    68
    EXPERIMENT NO. 110: KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

    TABLE 1. KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

    69
    Experimental Computed Percentage Difference
    %
    I1 A A

    %
    A A
    I2
    %
    I3 A A

    V
    Power Supply 1 Voltage (V1)
    V
    Power Supply 2 Voltage 2 (V2)

    Resistance 1 (R1)

    Resistance 2 (R2)

    Resistance 3 (R3)

    NOTE:
    Use the link below for the virtual set-up of the experiment. You need to take a screenshot of the set-up and
    include them in the lab report under the Analysis part.

    https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab/
    latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab_en.html

    70

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