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    Science Technology and Society 3

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    Avox Everdeen
    The document summarizes the scientific and technological achievements of two early Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya and the Aztec. The Maya made advances in astronomy, developed accurate calendars, and incorporated astronomical alignments into their architectural designs. They studied the stars and timed religious ceremonies based on astrological cycles. The Aztecs also had a sophisticated calendar system and achievements in areas like education, medicine, agriculture, and art. Both civilizations exhibited advanced knowledge of mathematics, engineering, and astronomy well before the arrival of Europeans.

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    Science Technology and Society 3

    Uploaded by

    Avox Everdeen
    165 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the scientific and technological achievements of two early Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya and the Aztec. The Maya made advances in astronomy, developed accurate calendars, and incorporated astronomical alignments into their architectural designs. They studied the stars and timed religious ceremonies based on astrological cycles. The Aztecs also had a sophisticated calendar system and achievements in areas like education, medicine, agriculture, and art. Both civilizations exhibited advanced knowledge of mathematics, engineering, and astronomy well before the arrival of Europeans.

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    SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-AND-SOCIETY-3

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    The document summarizes the scientific and technological achievements of two early Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya and the Aztec. The Maya made advances in astronomy, developed accurate calendars, and incorporated astronomical alignments into their architectural designs. They studied the stars and timed religious ceremonies based on astrological cycles. The Aztecs also had a sophisticated calendar system and achievements in areas like education, medicine, agriculture, and art. Both civilizations exhibited advanced knowledge of mathematics, engineering, and astronomy well before the arrival of Europeans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    165 views4 pages

    Science Technology and Society 3

    Uploaded by

    Avox Everdeen
    The document summarizes the scientific and technological achievements of two early Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya and the Aztec. The Maya made advances in astronomy, developed accurate calendars, and incorporated astronomical alignments into their architectural designs. They studied the stars and timed religious ceremonies based on astrological cycles. The Aztecs also had a sophisticated calendar system and achievements in areas like education, medicine, agriculture, and art. Both civilizations exhibited advanced knowledge of mathematics, engineering, and astronomy well before the arrival of Europeans.

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    CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

    DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA

    ❖ Entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the


    border of South America. ❖ Maya Civilization lasted for approx.
    2000 years.
    ❖ Incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy into their
    temples and religious structure.
    ● The El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza is situated
    at the location of the Sun during the spring and
    fall equinoxes.

    ❖ Predicting eclipses
    ❖ Astrological cycles in planting and harvesting
    ❖ They built observatories so their priests could watch the stars and
    plan the best time for festivals, religious rituals
    and cultural celebrations.
    ❖ Maya astronomers studied the heavens and kept
    careful records
    of their religious observances because the
    Maya believed
    sacrifices to the gods had to be carefully
    timed. The Maya used
    two calendars. An everyday calendar with 13
    months of 20 days
    each was probably related to the appearance of the planet Venus.
    ❖ Hydraulics
    ❖ Weaving looms
    ❖ The Maya hieroglyphic writing is arguably
    one of the most
    visually striking systems of the world. It is
    also very
    complex, with hundreds of unique signs
    or glyphs in the
    form of humans, animals, supernaturals, objects, and
    abstract designs.
    ❖ THE MAYAN ZODIAC SYMBOLS AND NAMES

    DECLINE OF THE MAYAS


    ● About 900 A.D, the Mayas abandoned their cities, leaving
    their great stone palaces and temples to be swallowed up
    by the jungle.
    ● No one knows for sure why Mayan civilization declined.
    Possibly, frequent warfare forced the Mayas to abandon their
    traditional agricultural methods. Or overpopulation may have
    led to over farming, which in turn exhausted the soil.
    ● Heavy taxes to finance wars and temple building may have
    sparked peasant revolts. ● One thing is for certain. At the time
    of Spanish arrival in the 16th century, the Mayans, as an
    advanced civilization, did not exist.

    THE INCA CIVILIZATION


    ● Largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the
    largest empire in the world in the early 16th century.
    ● Flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE.

    INCAN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS


    ● Polytheists: worshiped many Gods of Nature
    ● Inti (the sun of God) was the most important God.
    ● Had religious festivals to honor Gods.
    1. Roads paved with stones
    2. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes
    3. Irrigation system and technique for storing water
    4. Calendar with 12 months
    5. First suspension bridge
    6. Quipu
    7. Inca textiles

    Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)


    Mexica (Aztec) civilization
    350,000 residents
    ● The Aztecs were an advanced and prosperous
    civilization who built beautiful and sophisticated cities.
    ● The highly developed empire had an elaborate leadership
    and society that consisted of four classes.
    ○ Nobles (highest power)
    ○ Commoners (the majority of population, were mostly farmers)
    ○ Serfs (worked land for the nobles)
    ○ Slaves (consisted of those captured and indebted who couldn’t pay

    1. Mandatory education
    2. Chocolates - cacao beans
    3. Antispasmodic medication
    4. Chinampa - irrigation systems
    5. Aztec calendar
    6. Invention of the canoe

    AZTEC INTELLECTUAL &


    ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS -
    CALENDAR
    ● 365 day calendar and a 260 day ritual calendar.
    ● Calculates the end of the world as December 21, 2012.

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