Balancing

BALANCING
Certification
CerSchenck Trebel Corporation | 535 Acorn Street ·
Deer Park, NY 11729 USA
Level I – Balancing Operator
In order to obtain Level I Balancing Operator Certification,

candidates must demonstrate their ability to balance a variety of rigid
rotors during a combined written and practical exam. This level of
certification focuses primarily on the operator’s knowledge of
machine and instrumentation functions, balancing technique, and
safe machine operation. To qualify, candidates must first pass a
written test on basic balancing theory and then complete a hands-on
practical exam to balance several types of rigid rotors based on ISO
recommended balancing tolerances. Level I Operators must also be
able to demonstrate a basic knowledge of unbalance correction
techniques, proper instrumentation functions, and proper rotor-
machine setup procedures. Machine-Specific Certification is also
available on request. Some machine types may require “machine-
site” certification.
Pre-requisite: Any Fundamentals of Balancing or Pump & Impeller

Balancing Seminar
Level II – Balancing Technician
To be certified as a Level II Technician, candidates will be
tested on their knowledge of balancing theory and related
industry standards. This certification is recommended for
individuals who are experienced balancing operators, lead
persons, or supervisors. These individuals are typically
responsible for overseeing balancing cell operations and
subsequent assembly processes that could affect the rotor’s
field performance. In this level of certification, students will
study low-speed balancing theory, setup and tooling use, and
vibration critical assembly processes. To qualify, candidates
must demonstrate their knowledge of balancing theory,
related balancing equations, tooling considerations, and
balancing industry standards for tolerance and machine
testing. The Level II Certification requires the use of a
calculator and a basic knowledge of math, algebra, geometry
and trigonometry.
Pre-requisite: Level I Balancing Operator Certification and

completion of a Balancing Theory & Application Seminar
Level III – Balancing Technology Specialist
A Level III Balancing Technology Specialist can

demonstrate in-depth knowledge of balancing theory,
principles and practices. This category is for industry
consultants and engineers who are responsible for
defining a rotor’s balancing requirements, specifying
the appropriate balancing machine and/or tooling
requirements, and evaluating the balancing process in
order to achieve a given rotor’s performance criteria.
To qualify, candidates must demonstrate their
knowledge of vibration analysis, rotor dynamics,
flexible rotor balancing, and a thorough knowledge of
both machine and measuring instrumentation.
Pre-requisite: Level II Balancing Technician

Certification and completion of both a Vibration
Analysis & Field Balancing Seminar and an Advanced
Balancing Theory & Application Seminar
Sources of Imbalance
Uneven dirt accumulation on fan rotors
Lack of homogeneity in cast parts, such as bubbles, blow-holes,

porous sections
Rotor eccentricity
Roller deflection, especially in paper machines

Machining errors
Uneven mass distribution in electric motor rotor bars or windings
Uneven erosion and corrosion of pump impellers
Missing balance weights
Bowed Shaft
Langkah langkah sebelum melakukan balancing
• Cleaning
• Inspeksi menyeluruh
• Mengganti komponen yang rusak (mis.
Bearing)
• Mengencangkan bagian2 yang longgar
(loose parts)
• Alignment
Contoh mesin balansing
Jenis Unbalanced
• Static Unbalanced
Dynamic Unbalance
Jenis rotor
• Rigid : tidak berubah untuk balancing dari RPM rendah
hingga max.
• Flexible : Dapat melengkung dan distorsi pada RPM yang

berbeda , mis : long shaft
Manfaat Balancing
• Minimize : vibration & noise
( noise tinggi diakibatkan oleh vibrasi tinggi)
• Minimize : Structural Stress

• Minimize : Operator fatigue & annoyance
• Adanya vibrasi dan noise tinggi mempengaruhi
efisiensi operator
• Increase Machine life

• Increase Bearing life
lanjutan
• Increase product quality

vibrasi minimum menghasilkan hasil produk yang lebih baik
• Increase personnel safety

Resiko kecelakaan / bahaya akibat kerusakan mesin berkurang
• Increase productivity
bila mesin berjalan smooth : banyak waktu untuk kegiatan lain
• Lower operating cost

Mesin Balancing
• Hard bearing ( Force measurement , high speed balancing )
• Soft Bearing( displacement measuring for low speed balancing)
Metoda Automatic Balancing
( Mesin Balansing)
• One plane balancing

• Two plane / multiplane
balancing
One Plane Balancing
• Jalankan mesin , ambil data level vibrasi , fasa
dan RPM sebagai data inisial
• Tambahkan trial weight pada suatu titik yang
dianggap titik 0 (origin) , pada bagian terluar
rotor. Ambil data level vibrasi , fasa dan RPM
• Dari kedua data tersebut , mesin balansing akan
menghitung berat dan lokasi masa koreksi.
• Setelah masa koreksi terpasang , jalankan
mesin ,ukur level vibrasi , apakah sudah sesuai
dengan Standard ? Bila belum lakukan lagi.
Two plane balancing
Data awal Vibrasi Mesin
( spectrum tunggal pada 1200 CPM = 1 x RPM problem balancing )
Periksa standard vibrasi
( bisa menggunakan standard ISO 1940/1 )
Step 1 Balancing
mengambil data awal (initial run )di dua plane ,
untuk sensor ch 1 dan ch 2
( dalam mils )
Step 2 Trial Weight 1
Meletakkan masa trial 1.5 gram di titik 00 plane 1
Step 3. Trial Weight 2
lepas trial wt.1 , pasang trial wt. 2 di plane 2 dengan masa 1.5 gram
dan posisi 00
Step 4. Kalkulasi masa dan posisi balancing
Step 5. ambil data vibrasi mesin
Spectrum vibrasi setelah balancing
(konfirmasi terhadap Standard)
Perbandingan sebelum dan setelah
balancing
Kasus 2 * Cooling Pump
• Dikeluhkan vibrasi yang tinggi pada cooling
pump untuk turbin pembangkit listrik PLTU .
• Setelah dilakukan pengukuran spektrum vibrasi ,

juga ditemukan spektrum tunggal 1xRPM(1500
RPM) yang dominan arah radial sebesar 8.12
mm/s ,
• masalah balancing.
Tindak Lanjut
• dilakukan balancing ditempat ( single
plane ) dan didapatkan level vibrasi akhir
adalah 0.38 mm/s.
• Ini juga membuktikan bahwa vibrasi yang
terjadi juga murni merupakan masalah
balancing.
Kasus 3
• Mesin Pencabik Busa (Shredder)
Pemakai mesin pencabik busa pada

industri Jok bangku mobil mengeluhkan
terjadinya vibrasi yang tinggi serta
peningkatan temperature pada bearing
pada waktu mesin beroperasi.
Tindak lanjut
• Dilakukan pengukuran vibrasi pada
bearing di kiri dan kanan rotor ( dual plane
), didapatkan spektrum vibrasi tunggal
pada 1xRPM ( 1052 RPM) dominan arah
radial sebesar 11.00 mm/s dan 5.27 mm/s
yang cukup tinggi.
• masalah balancing
Setelah dilakukan balancing
• Level Vibrasi turun menjadi 0.78 mm/s dan
0.26 mm/s sangat rendah. Berarti
persoalan vibrasi adalah murni balancing.
Pemakaian Standard
• 1. Pilih balance grade “ G number” dari
Tabel 1 berdasarkan jenis rotor ( bisa
menggunakan grade antara , mis : G10
karena persyaratan mesin adalah 10
mm/s)
• 2. Gunakan Fig.1A atau 1B untuk
menghitung eper (nilai permissible
residual specific unbalanced )
.
• Kalikan eper dengan berat rotor untuk
mendapatkan permissible residual
unbalance , Uper
• 3. Hitung Uper untuk tiap correction plane

sesuai dengan konfigurasi / susunan rotor
Step 1
Step 2
Sb x = RPM , Sb y = eper (dlm inch)
Step 2
Sb x = RPM , Sb y = eper (dlm mikron)
Menghitung Uper
( dapat juga menggunakan rumus tanpa chart 1A atau 1B)
Step 3
• Single Plane = Uper
• Double Plane = Uper untuk masing masing
plane tergantung konfigurasi Rotor
Cara vektor
• Gambar Vektor UL dan UR
• Hubungkan Titik 0 ke titik tengah CL dan CR = vektor S
• S = 2 kali masa Static unbalance rotor
• CL dan CR = masa Couple unbalance
Perbandingan Balance tolerance untuk standar API , ISO , Standar
Militer untuk toleransi balance
API STANDARD 611
Fourth Edition
June 1997
Vibration Limit
( micrometers / micron atau mils
peak to peak p-p)
12000
Lv = 25.4 ( N = operating.speed , RPM )
N
12000
Lv = (US .unit )
N
Unbalance max = 2xU
Dimana :
U = 6350 W / N ( gram-mm)
Atau untuk standard US :
U = 4 W/N (Oz.-in.)
Perhitungan Residual Unbalance
Contoh lain perhitungan balance
tolerance
Metoda Res. Unbalanced Check
• Setelah rotor selesai di balance ,letakkan masa test
pada lokasi dengan jarak antara 450 .( 5 sd 10x masa res.)
• Catat besar level vibrasi yang terjadi pada sensor di

bidang tsb. Untuk setiap titik test.
Dari Kurva : jarak dari 0 – garis mean = vibrasi akibat masa test.
Jarak dari Mean ke max = residual unbalance
U = Oz.in/mil x 2 mils = 2 Oz.-in.

Balancing

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BALANCING

Level I – Balancing Operator

In order to obtain Level I Balancing Operator Certification,

Pre-requisite: Any Fundamentals of Balancing or Pump & Impeller

Pre-requisite: Level I Balancing Operator Certification and

A Level III Balancing Technology Specialist can

Pre-requisite: Level II Balancing Technician

Uneven dirt accumulation on fan rotors

Lack of homogeneity in cast parts, such as bubbles, blow-holes,

Roller deflection, especially in paper machines

Uneven mass distribution in electric motor rotor bars or windings

Uneven erosion and corrosion of pump impellers

Missing balance weights

• Flexible : Dapat melengkung dan distorsi pada RPM yang

• Minimize : Structural Stress

• Increase Machine life

• Increase product quality

• Increase personnel safety

• Lower operating cost

• One plane balancing

• Setelah dilakukan pengukuran spektrum vibrasi ,

Pemakai mesin pencabik busa pada

• 3. Hitung Uper untuk tiap correction plane

• Catat besar level vibrasi yang terjadi pada sensor di

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