LESSON 3 Waste Generation - Management

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
EARTH SCIENCE
FIRST Quarter 2021-2022
Date: September 2021

TOPIC: Waste Generation and Management
Week: 3 Lesson 3
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the students can describe how people generate different types of
waste (solid, liquid, and gaseous) as they make use of various materials and resources in
everyday life by
• Explaining how different types of waste affect people’s health and the environment
● describing the types of waste generated by a typical household;
● enumerating and describing the environmental and health impact of the improper
disposal of household waste;
● propose ways to reduce the volume of municipal waste;
● describe the wastes produced from different sources and their effect on human health
and the environment
I. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS

1.1 Summary of Essential Concept
a. Leachate is a liquid that has dissolved or entrained environmentally harmful
substances (contaminated fluid).
b. Eutrophication - excessive richness of nutrients can cause algal blooms (dense growth
of plant life), which can be detrimental to animal life due to lack of oxygen.
c. Siltation - pollution of water by silt or clay. Siltation can have a negative impact on
flora and fauna. It can cause smothering of filter feeders, as well as an increase in the
turbidity of waters (decrease light penetration).
d. Electronic waste (e.g. batteries) is a source of hazardous elements, such as mercury,

cadmium, PVC, solvents, acids, and lead. Remind learners not to throw electronic
items, such as batteries, into the regular household bins. PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride
generates toxic by products, such as dioxin.
e. Acid mine drainage- water that has come to contact with oxidized rock or overburden
that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, and lead).
Some of the possible hazards associated with improper waste disposal:

- Pollution of bodies of waters, such as rivers, lakes, the marine environment,
and ground water
- Loss of habitat from pollution of environment
- Clogging of waterways /drainage system (canals, rivers, and streams)
which can cause flooding
- Unsanitary conditions leading to the spread of disease and pests that carry disease
- Burning of waste can release toxic gases (formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride,
sulfur dioxide, dioxins, and furans)
- Unsightly and destroys the natural beauty of the environment
Some government regulations that control improper waste disposal:

- Republic Act No. 9003 is an act providing for an ecological solid waste management
program, creating the necessary institutional mechanism and incentives, declaring certain acts
prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.
Prohibited acts include:

● Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places
● Undertaking activities in violation of sanitation operation
● Open burning of solid waste
● Causing non-segregated waste
● Squatting in open dumps and landfills
● Open dumping, burying of biodegradable materials in flood-prone
areas
● Unauthorized removal of recyclable material
● Mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste
● Establishment or operation of open-dumps
● Manufacturing, distributing, using, and importing consumer products
that are non environmentally-friendly materials
● Importing toxic wastes misrepresented as ‘recyclable’ or ‘with
recyclable content’
● Transporting and dumping in bulk in areas other than facility centers
● Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of waste
management facilities without an Environmental Compliance
Certificate and not conforming with the land use plan of LGUs
● Construction of establishment within 200 meters from dump sites or
sanitary landfills
● Operation of waste disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater
reservoir or watershed area
● Municipality ordinances
Other Sources of Wastes and their Environmental Impact

1. Industrial waste
• Waste released from manufacturing plants, such as chemical plants, cement production,
textile industries, metallurgical plants, textile, food processing, power plants, etc
2. Agricultural waste
• Excess use of fertilizers and pesticides can cause land and water pollution.
• Rice paddies release methane to the atmosphere.
• Excess excrement from poultry and other livestock can cause eutrophication of
bodies of water.
3. Mining waste
• Waste generated from the exploitation of mineral resources
• Overburden material - ground (soil and rock) that is removed to extract the
mineral deposit. Release of overburden material to the environment as a
result of improper management can cause siltation of bodies of water.
• Acid mine drainage - water that has come to contact with oxidized rock
Or overburden that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, and lead).
When acid mine drainage is not properly managed, it can find its way into
waterways and the ground water. High pH waters can be detrimental
to plant and animal life. Acid mine drainage is also associated with the release
of heavy metals to the environment.
4. Biomedical Waste
• Waste generated by hospitals and other health care institutions
• This type of hazardous waste includes infectious waste and
chemical waste dangerous to people and the environment.
1.2. .Testing of Knowledge
1. Can landfills cause pollution to the local environment?

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2. How are wastes generated by household classified?
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1.3. Knowledge Scanning
▪
Figure 2: Waste composition of Metro Manila garbage (Asian Development
Bank, 2004).
1. Is this comparable to the data they generated from their household waste (Table 1)?
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2. Given the composition of the garbage, propose how we can reduce the volume of
waste.
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1.4. Integration of Learning
Directions: Fill out the exit slip below.

Exit Slip
Today ,I learned
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______________________________.Tomorrow, I need to
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IV SELF-DETERMINING PRACTICE
Republic Act (RA) 9003 provides for the establishment of the Provincial Solid Management
Board. Among the functions of the board is the development of a provincial solid management
plan.
Instructions:
1. Find out from the municipal officers the province’s or municipality’s solid waste
management plan and how it is being implemented.
2. Submit one page report on their research.
V REFLECTION/ACTION
Household produces 33% of the waste products in Metro Manila alone. This 33% is
only kitchen and food waste, can you imagine where it goes? Meaning to say we are wasting
or throwing away food. What a waste? How does it make you feel?
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VI REFERENCES
Tolentino et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Earth Science. Quezon
City: EC-TEC Commercial
Prepared By:
Jerry G. Tubongbanua
Subject Teacher
Noted:
Rowena D. Elias
SHS Asst. Principal

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Date: September 2021

I. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS

d. Electronic waste (e.g. batteries) is a source of hazardous elements, such as mercury,

Some of the possible hazards associated with improper waste disposal:

Some government regulations that control improper waste disposal:

Prohibited acts include:

Other Sources of Wastes and their Environmental Impact

1. Can landfills cause pollution to the local environment?

1.3. Knowledge Scanning

Directions: Fill out the exit slip below.

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