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    Heat Transfer QA

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    The document discusses key concepts in heat conduction including Fourier's law of conduction, the relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient, the steady state conduction equation in 2D, temperature profiles in 1D systems, formulas for effective thermal conductivity in composite slabs, the concept of critical radius, the Biot and Fourier numbers, and limitations of the electrical analogy method.

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    Heat Transfer QA

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    cap
    5 views2 pages
    The document discusses key concepts in heat conduction including Fourier's law of conduction, the relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient, the steady state conduction equation in 2D, temperature profiles in 1D systems, formulas for effective thermal conductivity in composite slabs, the concept of critical radius, the Biot and Fourier numbers, and limitations of the electrical analogy method.

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    The document discusses key concepts in heat conduction including Fourier's law of conduction, the relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient, the steady state conduction equation in 2D, temperature profiles in 1D systems, formulas for effective thermal conductivity in composite slabs, the concept of critical radius, the Biot and Fourier numbers, and limitations of the electrical analogy method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    5 views2 pages

    Heat Transfer QA

    Uploaded by

    cap
    The document discusses key concepts in heat conduction including Fourier's law of conduction, the relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient, the steady state conduction equation in 2D, temperature profiles in 1D systems, formulas for effective thermal conductivity in composite slabs, the concept of critical radius, the Biot and Fourier numbers, and limitations of the electrical analogy method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    1.

    Define Fourier law of conduction


    -the rate of heat conduction through a plane layer is proportional to the
    temperature gradient across the layer and the heat transfer area of the layer.
    - q= -k nabla T = -KA(dt/dx) = Q/A
    q = local heat flux density
    -k = material's conductivity
    nabla T = temperature gradient
    Q =heat rate

    2. Why is the heat flux related to the -ve gradient of temperature


    - Just the notion that the energy should flow from high to low temperature, is
    given by the gradient, making the energy always traveling down the gradient,
    trying to reach a more uniform state. To make it work out, some constant of
    proportionality was introduced, which is most often a system (or material)
    property.

    3. What is the steady state conduction equation in 2(or 3) dimensions?


    - in 2d with no heat we use d2T/dx2 + d2T/dy2 = 0 and heat flow in x and y
    direction will be calculated using fourier equation i.e qx = -k Ax dT/dx

    4. What is the temperature profile in steady state 1-d constant property systems?
    -By steady we mean that temperatures are constant with time; as the result, the
    heat flow is also constant with time. By one dimensional
    we mean that temperature is a function of a single dimension

    5. For a composite slab, what is the formula for effective thermal conductivity?
    If a thermal conductivity of one material is very low, what can you say about the
    effective thermal conductivity.
    - Resistance = l/KA
    for slab vertically composite = series = Req = R1 + R2 = l1+l2/Keq = l1/K1 + l2/K2
    for slab horizontally composite = parallel = 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2

    6. What is the principle in determinin effective thermal conductivity?


    - current V =IR
    - conduction T1-T2 = (l/KA)H

    7.What is the concept of critical radius?


    - Rcr = 2K/H
    - adding more insulation will decrease heat transfer thats why critical value
    - that R < Rcr to decrease the resistance and increase the conductivity

    8. What is the main non-dimensional number in unsteady conduction? What is its


    significance?
    - biot number = (H/K)L
    - The Biot number is the ratio of the internal resistance of a body to heat
    conduction to its external resistance to heat convection.

    9.What is the condition for neglecting internal resistance in unsteady


    conduction(lumped system)
    - Lumped system analysis assumes a uniform temperature distribution throughout the
    body, which implies that the conduction heat resistance is zero. Thus, the lumped
    system
    analysis is exact when Bi = 0.

    10. fourier number and its significans?


    - Fo = alpha*t/L2 alpha = thermal diffusivity = K/(density*specific heat)
    - Fourier number at time t can be viewed as the ratio of the rate of heat conducted
    to the rate of heat stored at that time.
    11. What is the main drawback of the electrical analogy(resistance) method?
    - The thermal resistance method cannot be extended to 2(or 3) dimensions. The
    approach can be used only for 1-d problems

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